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SAN CARLOS IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE DISTRICT, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. The UNITED STATES, Defendant/Cross-Appellant.
Nos. 95-5105, 95-5091.
United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit.
April 1, 1997.
Rehearing Denied May 12, 1997.
As Corrected on Limited Grant of Rehearing June 18, 1997.
Riney B. Salmon II, Salmon, Lewis & Weldon, P.L.C., Phoenix, AZ, argued for plaintiff-appellant. With him on the brief was Mark A. McGinnis.
Jeffrey P. Kehne, Attorney, Environment & Natural Resources Division, Department of Justice, Washington, DC, argued for de-fendani/cross-appellant. With him on the brief were Lois J. Schiffer, Assistant Attorney General, Martin W. Matzen and Glen R. Goodsell, Attorneys. Of counsel on the brief was Robert Moeller, Office of the Regional Solicitor, U.S. Department of the Interior, Phoenix, AZ.
Before MICHEL, Circuit Judge, FRIEDMAN, Senior Circuit Judge, and SCHALL, Circuit Judge.
MICHEL, Circuit Judge.
San Carlos Irrigation and Drainage District (“SCIDD”) appeals from the February 24,1995 revised final judgment of the United States Court of Federal Claims, San Carlos Irrigation and Drainage District v. United States, 32 Fed. Cl. 200 (1994) (damages calculation revised by Order, San Carlos Irrigation and Drainage District v. United States, No. 460-86L (Fed.Cl. Feb. 24, 1995)) awarding damages on certain of SCIDD’s claims and denying others. The United States (the “government”) cross appeals the award of damages. The appeals were submitted for our decision following oral argument on October 10, 1996. Because the Claims Court grant of summary judgment against certain claims was proper and because it correctly interpreted the contract between SCIDD and the government with respect to the other claims and correctly determined damages, we affirm.
BACKGROUND
The facts giving rise to the litigation are set out in detail in the prior published opinions in this ease. See San Carlos Irrigation and Drainage Dist. v. United States, 15 Cl. Ct. 197 (1988) (“SCIDD I) (summary judgment awarded to the government), rev’d and remanded, 877 F.2d 957 (Fed.Cir.1989) (“SCIDD I”), proceedings following remand, 23 Cl.Ct. 276 (1991) (“SCIDD II”) (denying government’s renewed motion for summary judgment and granting partial summary judgment to SCIDD), further proceedings, 26 Cl.Ct. 229 (1992) (“SCIDD IV”) (denial of government’s motion for summary judgment on damages), farther proceedings, 32 Fed. Cl. 200 (1994) (“SCIDD V”) (judgment following trial on damages). The history and facts relevant to the present appeal are summarized below.
Congress authorized the construction of the Coolidge Dam across the Gila River in Arizona in 1924 as part of the San Carlos Irrigation Project (“Project”), so as to provide irrigation to the Pima Indian Reservation, as well as to the public and private lands in the area without diminishing the water supply for Indian lands. See Act of June 7, 1924, ch. 288, § 1, 43 Stat. 475 (“1924 Act”). The Dam created a reservoir sufficient to irrigate eighty percent of the Project lands, with the balance receiving water from other sources, mainly underground pumped water. Under the 1924 Act, the government entered into a “Repayment Contract” (the “Contract”) with SCIDD, a district embracing both the publicly owned and privately owned lands. 1924 Act § 4. The off-reservation irrigators initially were to repay roughly half the Project’s construction debt, based on their share of the total acreage, over twenty years, although later legislation essentially forgave this debt. See 59 Stat. 469 (1945). The 1924 Act also required off-reservation irrigators to pay a proportionate share of annual operation and maintenance (“O & M”) expenses, to be paid annually in advance. 1924 Act § 3.
Four years later, Congress authorized the Secretary of the Interior (“Secretary”) to develop power at the Dam. See Act of June 30, 1928, ch. 138, 45 Stat. 200, 210-11 (“1928 Act”). The 1928 Act authorized the Secretary, again following execution of a repayment contract, to construct a hydroelectric power plant at the Dam. Construction costs for the power plant were to be repaid as part of the Project. The O & M costs for the power plant were to be paid for through the sale of power. The Secretaiy was authorized to sell, according to the Contract, “surplus” power and apply the “net revenues” from such sale to (i) reimbursement of the costs of developing power, (ii) reimbursement of the costs of the Project and (iii) O & M charges (for irrigation operations) and repairs on the Project. While initially this was an ordinal ranking, later acts merely provided a list of permissible uses for the net revenues. See Act of August 7, 1946, ch. 802, § 3, 60 Stat. 895. The. 1928 Act also required the Secretary to furnish power for agency facilities, school buildings and irrigation pumps on the San Carlos Reservation at low rates. The surplus power, however, was available for the Secretary to sell on “such terms and for such price as he shall think best.” 1928 Act, 45 Stat. at 211.
In 1931, SCIDD entered into the Contract with the Secretary. The Contract outlined the repayment scheme, and contained separate provisions relating to the Project’s water and power operations. With respect to water, both “stored and pumped,” the Contract stated that the Secretary was required to distribute water “as equitably as physical conditions permit.” SCIDD agreed to pay O & M charges, including those for the pumps, as “fixed from time to time by the Secretary,” but the obligation of the government to deliver all or some of the water held in the Dam is contested by the parties. It is, however, not contested that any profit from the sale of “excess water,” as that term appears in the Contract, was to be applied to reduce O & M charges.
With respect to power, the Contract states the Secretary is to supply at-eost power to buildings and pumps on the San Carlos Reservation, and use any “net” revenues from sale of “surplus” power “in accordance with the plan of [the 1928 Act to] reduce the sum to be paid” by the beneficiaries of the Project. The Contract otherwise did not place any limitations on the Secretary.
In June of 1938, the Assistant Secretary of the Interior executed a Joint Works Order defining the Joint Works to include the Coolidge Dam, San Carlos Reservoir and the electrical generating system. The Order provides that the costs of operating and maintaining the works, except for the electric generation plant at the Dam and the power transmission and distribution system, shall be paid by the Project landowners as provided in the Contract.
The Joint Works operated essentially without moment under these agreements until 1983. Only minor problems were encountered before that time. The Power Division, in addition to generating power, also purchased low cost power from other federal hydroelectric projects and slightly higher priced power from the Arizona Public Service Corporation. However, because of excessive pumping during the life of the Project, the water table had fallen, and thus the demand increased for power to operate pumps to provide irrigation to the lands not covered by the water storage in the Reservoir. The government presented evidence that the demand for groundwater pump power was exceeding the total output of the Coolidge Dam in the years preceding the incidents giving rise to the present litigation.
However, the Dam broke, literally, in October of 1983. On October 1, 1983, a storm caused the San Carlos Reservoir to spill over the spillways, and the gates located in the spillways were inoperable. If the spillway gates had functioned properly, the Reservoir would have held additional water. Also, the spilled water caused the foundation under the electric switchyard to settle, and Project officials were forced to shut down power operations. Small spills continued from 1983 to 1985. While the Department of the Interior (“Interior”) undertook a major rehabilitation of the power plant, it continued to deliver power by purchasing preferred-rate federal hydro-power (“Parker-Davis” power from dams on the Colorado River) and commercial power, purchased principally from the Arizona Public Service Company.
In May 1982, the Area Director of Interior set 0 & M rates for fiscal 1984 that incorporated charges for power to operate the pumps. See 47 Fed.Reg. 21,926-01 (1982) (notice). Such a proposal had previously been suggested as early as 1953 in a General Accounting Office (“GAO”) audit and subsequently in formal opinions of the Comptroller General and Interior employees, but was rejected on instructions from the Senate Finance Committee.
Charges for pumping power during fiscal 1984 through fiscal 1990 were based on estimates of what it would have cost to produce power at Coolidge Dam and to purchase additional power. The 1991 and 1992 rates were based primarily on the cost of Parker-Davis power which at those times was lower than the Coolidge imputed cost rate.
SCIDD filed suit on July 28, 1986 seeking damages for loss of water and hydroelectric power. The Claims Court dismissed the complaint, SCIDD I, 15 Cl.Ct. at 203-04, and a panel of this court reversed, determining there was a contractual duty on the part of the government to keep the Dam, spillways, and power generation system in good repair. SCIDD II, 877 F.2d at 959-60. On remand the Claims Court held that the government was not liable as a matter of law for the loss of any storable water, on a theory that SCIDD received its “contractual” allocation of water during each year in question. SCIDD IV, 26 Cl.Ct. at 230. On the power issue, the Claims Court noted that the government had conceded that SCIDD had an entitlement to “at-cost” pumping power. Id. Following a trial, the Claims Court entered judgment for SCIDD in the amount of $667,-021 on a claim of $4,673,834 for overcharges. SCIDD V, 32 Fed. Cl. at 202. The award was later revised and final judgment entered for $770,900.
DISCUSSION
SCIDD appeals both the grant of summary judgment on the damage claim for the loss of water and the damages calculation for the power charges. With respect to the latter, SCIDD asserts the Claims Court erred in two respects by holding: (i) that Interior was entitled to charge the district for replacement power for pumping when the Dam failed to operate properly on account of the government’s malfeasance, and (ii) if a charge were allowable, by overstating the charges through the use of the Parker-Davis power rate to define the “cost” of power to SCIDD instead of historical cost of generating power at the Coolidge Dam and through the use of Interior’s estimates of electrical pump usage rather than actual pump usage.
The government’s cross appeal argues that SCIDD is not entitled to any recovery for excess power charges because it failed to exhaust its administrative remedies within Interior by not adequately participating in the ratemaking process for O & M charges. The government also challenges the propriety of the award of damages for overcharges.
I.
SCIDD argues that it is entitled to damages for the water lost due to the malfunctioning of the spillway gates, which the prior appeal decided the government was obligated to maintain. Its claim, in essence, is as follows: (i) Interior’s Bureau of Indian Affairs breached its contractual duty to maintain the Dam, (ii) as a result of that breach, the Dam stored less water than it otherwise would have, (iii) the 1931 Contract requires all water captured and stored behind the Dam be used for the benefit of the District and Indians, and (iv) the United States is therefore liable for the loss of water that otherwise would have provided benefit to the landowners. Central to SCIDD’s argument is (in), wMch is supported by provisions in the Contract which state that all delivery of water, even to off-site users, must be “in accordance with law, and for the interest of the Project,” and all water “shall be distributed to the lands of the Project as equitably as the physical conditions permit.” The Contract generally states elsewhere that “all water and water rights of the San Carlos Project and opportunities connected therewith shall be used for the advantage of the Project.”
The government argued in the Claims Court, and again here, that there is a distinction between “excess” water as specified in the Contract and the water required to be supplied under the basic annual allocation. The government argues that “the Repayment Contract makes no mention of any obligation on the part of the Secretary to maximize carryover storage or reserve excess water for the exclusive use of irrigators.” All rights in the annual allocation terminate at the end of each year under the Contract, and the government argues that it may allocate excess water (over the annual allocation) “free on an equitable basis” to both Project users and off-Project users (such as other towns or United States agricultural experiment stations). See 25 C.F.R. 130.65 (1949) (Secretary has authority to deliver water to off-Project users). Because the parties do not dispute that the SCIDD irrigators received all the water they needed during the years immediately following the spills, the government argues the landowners were not damaged later, in 1990, when the irrigators could have used more water. The Contract also states that “losses in all Project canals shall be borne by the project as a whole.” The government therefore contends, relying on Truckee-Carson Irrigation District v. Secretary of Department of Interior, 742 F.2d 527, 531 (9th Cir.1984), and Central Arizona Irrigation and Drainage District v. Lujan, 764 F.Supp. 582, 589 (D.Ariz.1991), that we should defer to the Secretary’s discretion in allocating the water, since the only vested right in the water was that arising from the yearly estimate set in advance (which, although the estimate itself has been declining, has been met each year).
The Claims Court rejected SCIDD’s argument, holding that the government “has not failed to meet th[e] obligation [to provide water], despite the 1988 flood.” SCIDD TV, 26 Cl.Ct. at 231. We freely review the grant of partial summary judgment on the water claims to determine whether “there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” R.C.F.C. 56(c); Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 2552, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). The government, as moving party, bears the burden of demonstrating the absence of genuine issues of material facts. SRI Int’l v. Matsushita Elec. Corp. of Am., 775 F.2d 1107, 1116, 227 USPQ 577, 581 (Fed.Cir.1985) (in banc).
While recognizing both that the negligent loss of water over the inoperable spillgates is per se not in “the interests of the project” and that, as SCIDD argues, one purpose of federal irrigation projects is to store water in wet years for use in arid years, we hold nonetheless that the grant of summary judgment was proper. However, we do not reach the grounds upon which the Claims Court rested its grant of summary judgment: that the Contract obligated the government only to deliver an annual allotment of water, set each year, and that the government met this obligation every year (i.e., that the annual allocation sets a “cap” for the government’s contractual liability). SCIDD TV, 26 Cl.Ct. at 231. Rather, we hold that the damages alleged by SCIDD — namely, that it did not receive adequate allocations of water several years after the spills because the gates malfunctioned or that “surplus” water was lost which could have been sold to generate revenue to reduce its O & M charges — are too speculative to create contractual liability on the part of the government under its adjudged duty to keep the spillgates operable.
The general rule in common law breach of contract cases is to award damages sufficient to place the injured party in as good a position as he or she would have been had the breaching party fully performed. Estate of Berg v. United States, 231 Ct.Cl. 466, 687 F.2d 377, 379 (1982). Further, “where responsibility for damages is clear, it is not essential that the amount thereof be ascertainable with absolute exactness or mathematical precision____” Electronic & Missile Facilities, Inc. v. United States, 189 Ct.Cl. 237, 416 F.2d 1345, 1358 (1969). However, these rules are limited by the proposition that contract law precludes recovery for speculative damages. Roseburg Lumber Co. v. Madigan, 978 F.2d 660, 667 (Fed.Cir.1992) (citing Story Parchment Co. v. Paterson Parchment Paper Go., 282 U.S. 555, 562-63, 51 S.Ct. 248, 250, 75 L.Ed. 544 (1931)). “[Rjemote and consequential damages are not recoverable in a common-law suit for breach of contract ... especially ... in suits against the United States for the recovery of common law damages, such as the instant case.” Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. United States, 88 F.3d 1012, 1020 (Fed.Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 117 S.Ct. 1245, 137 L.Ed.2d 328 (1996) (quoting Northern Helex Co. v. United States, 207 Ct.Cl. 862, 524 F.2d 707, 713, 720 (1975)). A plaintiff must show that but for the breach, the damages alleged would not have been suffered. See Standard Havens Prod., Inc., v. Gencor Indus., Inc., 953 F.2d 1360, 1374, 21 USPQ2d 1321, 1332-33 (Fed.Cir.1991) (quoting United Indus. Syndicate, Inc. v. Western Auto Supply Co., 686 F.2d 1312, 1316 (8th Cir.1982) (“The fundamental measure of contract damages is that which places the nonbreaching party in the position it would have been but for the breach.”)); Fawick Corp. v. United States, 149 Ct.Cl. 623, 626-27 (1960).
Here SCIDD admits that the Contract provides that when there is “excess” water in a given year, the Secretary, if in accordance with law and for the interest of the project, may “supply water for irrigation and other purposes to the State or its subdivisions, municipalities, towns, and villages ... public institutions, and department and agencies or enterprises of the United States ---- upon terms to be fixed by the Secretary.” Nothing in the Contract requires the Secretary to earn a profit from the supply of water to off-site users and apply this profit against SCIDD’s O & M charges. The Secretary further retains the discretionary power to store water only as safety conditions permit, and water in the Dam may evaporate naturally. SCIDD also admits that the allocation of water was 3.0 acre-feet per acre in 1983 and, as stated in its opening brief, “generally remained at this level through 1988.” Implicit in SCIDD’s argument that the water which was in the Dam during the “wet” years in the early 1980’s would have been available in the “dry” years of 1989 and 1990, is the uncontroverted proposition that water delivery was adequate to meet — and perhaps in excess of — demand until 1989.
These facts being so, SCIDD has not shown that it would have received any material benefit with respect to the water had the spillgates been operable. SCIDD would be unable to prove that but for the breach, more water would have been directed to its use nine years after the breach. Too many contingencies — including, most importantly, the discretion of the agency to dispose of excess water — exist in the causal chain from the government’s breach to the asserted lack of water in 1989-90.
We further disagree with SCIDD’s contention that failure to enter damages against the United States makes this court’s prior decision in SCIDD II “hollow.” Not every injury resulting from a breach of contract is remediable in damages. Wells Fargo, 88 F.3d at 1022 (citing Globe Ref. Co. v. Landa Cotton Oil Co., 190 U.S. 540, 23 S.Ct. 754, 47 L.Ed. 1171 (1903)). Had the government failed to meet its annual allocation in the years immediately following the flood, then perhaps SCIDD would have been able to trace the lack of water directly to the government’s malfeasance. Perhaps even if the government had set a significantly lower allocation rate immediately following the flood, that too might be a cognizable injury which could fairly be said to have stemmed from the breach. Here, however, SCIDD’s allegations do not show that the malfunction of the spillgate was the “but for” cause of its injury. Our decision in SCIDD II, on appeal after the initial grant of summary judgment in the Claims Court, adjudicated only the duty of the government to maintain the spillways and the electrical generation system. 877 F.2d at 960. The opinion stated that if SCIDD was able to prove that the government breached its duty to maintain the dam, “general damages may be recovered.” Id. The decision explicitly left open questions other than the duty to maintain the project: “The questions of breach, causation and damages, which were not addressed below, must obviously await a trial on the merits.” Id. at 960-61. That the Claims Court then proceeded to enter summary judgment on the damages issue after our reversal on the interpretation of the Contract in no way vitiates our prior holding that the government had a duty to keep the spill-gates operable.
II.
A. The government cross appeals the award of $770,900 damages to SCIDD. That award was based on the Claims Court ruling that, although Interior was permitted under the Contract to begin charging for ground water pumping, instead of funding it with power division revenues (since the power plant was not operational), Interior’s projection of pumping power costs (incorporated into the O & M charges) was excessive. The government concedes that it has an obligation to provide pumping power at cost, see SCIDD IV, 26 Cl.Ct. at 230, but contends that the O & M rate, as set by the government, determines the “cost.” The government argues that because SCIDD did not exhaust its remedies with respect to the O & M ratemaking notice-and-comment procedure by not proceeding with an administrative appeal from the decision of the Area Director in setting the rates to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs (or, now, the Assistant Secretary of Interior for Indian Affairs), the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”) bars SCIDD from obtaining review of “final agency action” under 5 U.S.C. § 704 (1994). The government maintains that the Contract requires SCIDD to follow administrative procedures to challenge the O & M rates.
Interpretation of terms in a contract is an issue of law which we review de novo. Samsung Elec. Am. v. United States, 106 F.3d 376 (Fed.Cir.1997) (citing C. Sanchez & Son, Inc. v. United States, 6 F.3d 1539, 1544 (Fed.Cir.1993)). We disagree with the government’s interpretation. While the Contract does provide that the O & M charges shall be “announced from time to time by the Secretary of the Interior,” such charges are limited by the other sections of the Contract, as the government concedes, including the “Operation and Maintenance” section, which provide that the charges for O & M shall reflect the true cost of operating and maintaining the project. Nothing in the Contract implies or states that the APA applies to the determination of the “cost” of replacement power. SCIDD’s claim, under the Tucker Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1491 (1994), is that the government breached its acknowledged duty to provide power at cost. The government has pointed to no compelling evidence in the Contract—besides the very vague general authority of the Secretary to promulgate regulations under the statutes creating the Project and the Contract—which incorporates the regulatory appeals process into SCIDD’s rights under the Contract. The Contract does not speak to the determination of “cost,” and there is no suggestion, and certainly no clear statement, that SCIDD must protest that determination through the regulatory ratemaking process before asserting a breach of the Contract.
While we acknowledge the authority cited by the government that rate making is generally inherently a policy decision better left to an agency, see, e.g., United States v. Jones, 336 U.S. 641, 652-53, 69 S.Ct. 787, 793-94, 93 L.Ed. 938 (1949), and that the doctrine of primary jurisdiction requires that the agency redetermine rates in cases where a court determines the agency has abused its discretion, see, e.g., Oceanic S.S. Co. v. United States, 218 Ct.Cl. 87, 586 F.2d 774, 793 (1978), here SCIDD’s claim is decidedly different. SCIDD asserts it was deprived of its contractual right to pumping power at cost. This discrete determination is amenable to judicial resolution. We see no reason, prudential or jurisdictional, to bar SCIDD from presenting this claim against the government in the Claims Court. See Allied-General Nuclear Services v. United States, 839 F.2d 1572, 1575 (Fed.Cir.1988) (“The exhaustion doctrine is not, strictly speaking, a matter of jurisdiction.”); National Treasury Employees Union v. King, 961 F.2d 240, 244 (D.C.Cir.1992) (if statute does not require exhaustion, requirement is committed to judicial discretion); Neely v. United States, 152 Ct.Cl. 137, 285 F.2d 438, 443 (1961) (“Unless made a prerequisite to suit by statute, binding regulation or contract, the extent to which a plaintiff is required to pursue his administrative remedy is a matter for the discretion of the court.”).
B. The question then becomes whether Interior and the Bureau of Indian Affairs could charge for pumping power at all when the Dam was no longer generating power due to the flood. SCIDD argues the intent of Congress was that the power generating facility at the project was to be self-sustaining, and the only charges for which SCIDD was ever responsible were the construction charges for the project and 0 & M charges for the upkeep of the irrigation system. Thus, the construction charges were the consideration for the delivery of power. It bases this argument first on the language of the 1928 Act which describes the electric plant as “incident” to the Project; from that SCIDD maintains that construction and 0 & M charges were only to pay for the building of the plant and maintenance of the irrigation system, not for delivery of “non-surplus” power to the landowners. Had the power plant been operational, SCIDD maintains, sale from “surplus” power would have generated sufficient revenue to cover the charges for power generation levied against it. Thus, SCIDD maintains it is being charged for the costs of the government’s failure to properly maintain the Dam, because the 1928 Act, on SCIDD’s interpretation, contemplated that revenues from sale would pay for the normal and ordinary operation of the power plant. SCIDD further bases its argument on the “legislative history” of the 1928 Act, primarily a letter from John Truésdell of the U.S. Indian Irrigation Service to Congress, and the general intent garnered from the statute and Contract. In particular, SCIDD notes that Congress was explicit about the cost of charging for power to the Indians on the San Carlos Indian Reservation.
Continuing this line of argument, SCIDD claims that since the power plant now fails to generate power as a result of the failure of the government to maintain the Dam, SCIDD is entitled to either general or consequential damages for cost of the replacement power which had to be purchased from outside sources. It argues that it was “in the ordinary course of events,” see Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 351(2)(a), for the government to require “cover” power to remedy its failure to operate the Dam. Alternatively, SCIDD argues it was forseeable at the time of contract formation that if the Dam overflowed the power plant would shut down and it would be necessary to purchase other power. In essence, SCIDD maintains it had an expectation interest in the continued operation of the power plant sufficient to provide pumping power and adequate economic return to meet its operating expenses. Any loss from the lack of operation of the power plant (here the roughly $4.7 million in power charges paid by the district landowners to the government) should, in SCIDD’s view, be borne by the government.
The government responds by arguing that the costs of power for operating groundwater pumps are properly chargeable to SCIDD as 0 & M expenses under the language of the Contract, which states, “[A] surcharge may be placed against all of the lands of the project for paying the cost of operating and maintaining the pumps and equipment use of pumping drainage or irrigation water.” It takes the position that power for pumping is an integral part of “operating” the pumps.
The government further argues that the Bureau of Indian Affairs has always had authority to charge for pumping power but had not done so in the past because it had received sufficient revenues from the sale of excess power to pay for the power component of the 0 & M expenses. It responds to SCIDD’s argument that the surplus power was meant to make the plant self-sustaining by arguing that the Secretary has discretion to sell the power at any rate he or she “thinks best,” 1928 Act, 45 Stat. at 210, and that there is no guarantee in the Contract that the revenues from the sale of power from the plant will cover the cost of power for pumping. The government argues that SCIDD recognized this authority of the government to charge prior to the litigation in a letter to the government acknowledging that some of the costs of power for pumping had been paid by the district.
SCIDD’s arguments regarding the language and history of the statute are unconvincing. The word “incident” does not sufficiently convey congressional intent that the project was meant to be self-sustaining and that the government could not charge for power as part of the ordinary 0 & M expenses of the pumps. The only piece of legislative history contemporaneous with the passage of the 1928 Act, the Truesdell letter, is hardly a certain source of the intent of the 1928 Congress. Rather, Truesdell was drawing his own conclusions based on what he perceived as silence in the statute: “If Congress had had any thought that the power used for pumping project water for irrigation would be charged for in any way ... it would have specifically mentioned that fact____” SCIDD’s other “legislative history” consists of testimony in hearings for appropriations bills which occurred years after the 1928 Act, and which states nothing more than the bare proposition that “[r]evenues collected from the sale of electrical energy are appropriated to cover the costs of operation and maintenance of the power system.” Hearings on H.R. 4590 Before the Subcomm. on Appropriations, 77th Cong. 220 (1942) (statement of Mr. Greenwood). Such a statement does not prove SCIDD’s argument that the government was obligated, by statute or contract, to generate sufficient revenues from sale of excess power to cover all costs of power for pumping.
Rather, the granting of discretion to the Secretary to set the price for sales of power to other users evidences that the statute does not assure that there will be sufficient revenue to provide for free pumping power. The government’s position in maintaining that the Secretary was in effect entitled to give the power away is both an exaggeration of the terms of the Contract, which requires that the power be “sold,” and contrary to the general principle of discretion (since presumably the Secretary is required to act reasonably in setting the rate). However, the basic principle behind the government’s interpretation is valid and controlling: namely, that nothing in the 1928 Act or the Contract provides an obligation on the part of the government to provide free (or in the government’s terms, subsidized) power to SCIDD. All that the Contract obligates is: (i) power be provided at cost, (ii) any revenue from the sale of power be applied to reduce the costs of power for the pumps (i.e., that the project be self-sustaining when possible), and (iii) in return for participation in the payment of construction costs (a requirement later essentially forgiven by legislation), that the government provide the pumps and irrigation system. We agree with the government’s contention that providing power for the pumps is properly considered part of “operation” of the pumps. There is no statement that free power to run the pumps is assured in the Contract or the Act.
C. The Government next argues that if the Bureau of Indian Affairs was entitled to charge for the pumping power at “cost,” SCIDD cannot contest the charges assessed against it. Relying on Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, 467 U.S. 837, 842-45, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 2781-83, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984), the government argues we must defer to Interior’s choice of method from a variety of methods for determining the projected cost of power for the groundwater pumps. Essentially, the government argues that because it must estimate the “cost” of power for future years in advance under the contract, it is entitled to determine what constitutes “cost” without judicial intervention. Accordingly, the government argues the Claims Court erred in using the Parker-Davis power rate as the measure of damages; rather the government submits that it should be allowed to charge based on the imputed cost of power production for certain years (1984 through 1990), while charging based on the Parker-Davis rate for other years (1991 to 1994).
The government has acknowledged and conceded its obligation to provide power at cost under the contract. See SCIDD IV, 26 Cl.Ct. at 230. As discussed more fully below in the context of SCIDD’s challenge to the damages rate, the government, while obligated (without objection from SCIDD) to use advance estimates of future power costs, may not choose an unreasonable methodology for selecting the rate used, even if deference is accorded to its chosen rate. Here, imputed cost was not a reasonable and available rate for the government. The power plant was not operational, and therefore the government cannot use projections of what it would have cost to generate power at the plant to arrive at a higher charge than the cost of replacement Parker-Davis power. Although SCIDD’s position during the litigation regarding which was the lower rate (imputed cost v. Parker-Davis) from 1984 to 1990 is unclear, the government is not now entitled to use a higher rate than the cost of available Parker-Davis power. Since the price of replacement power is easily ascertainable, it is unreasonable for the government to ask for use of a higher, estimated rate.
D. Finally, SCIDD maintains that the Claims Court erred in assessing the damages owed to SCIDD due to the government’s overcharges from 1984 to 1994. SCIDD claims that the figure used by the Claims Court as the actual cost of the power is incorrect for two reasons: (i) the Bureau of Indian Affairs was charging SCIDD for the cost of replacement Parker-Davis power rather than basing it on the historical average generating costs at the damaged Coolidge Dam power plant over the ten years prior to 1983 (and diverting the profits to a create a “fund” of money in New Mexico) and (ii) rather than using actual pump electrical usage, the Bureau of Indian Affairs was charging for pumping power based on advance estimates of pump electrical usage.
With respect to (i), SCIDD asserts the annual average power cost for the decade prior to the first overflow was $70,113, while the government’s charges for the power in the years after charging began in 1984 ranged from $488,000 to $1,200,000. It claims it was thus awarded approximately $3.2 million less of a refund than it deserved ($770,000 instead of $3,902,591). This discrepancy, it theorizes based on the trial testimony of Ralph Esquerra, a Bureau of Indian Affairs employee and former engineer at the project, was used to pay for repairs to the power plant. SCIDD’s central contention is that it is being charged for the loss of low-cost power due to the government’s breach and the overcharge should therefore be refunded under the Contract.
As for (ii), SCIDD asserts its damages should have at least been $1,842,536 instead of $770,900, because the charge should have been based on actual pump electric usage rather than Bureau of Indian Affairs advance estimates. The Bureau of Indian Affairs charges for O & M two years in advance, pursuant to the Contract, to permit the District sufficient time to levy assessments and for purposes of its own budget. SCIDD argues that, assuming it was proper to use the Parker-Davis rate, Interior erred by not refunding any use that fell short of the advance estimate, thereby effectively charging SCIDD between $0.0192 per kilowatt-hour (kwh) and $0.259 per kwh in contrast to the actual Parker-Davis rate of $0.02712 per kwh. Recalculating the actual usage with the actual rate, SCIDD arrives at the $1,842,-536 damages amount.
The government responds by arguing: (i) the Coolidge Dam imputed cost was not necessarily lower than the Parker-Davis rate, since SCIDD’s estimate of the historical cost does not contemplate the high inflation rate which occurred in the 1970’s and 1980’s resulting in an insufficient estimate; (ii) the historical rate was too low because it did not reflect maintenance costs which had been deferred and would have been necessary even if the overflows had not occurred; (iii) even if cash charges exceeded outlays, the “fund” alleged by SCIDD to have been created with the overcharges is permitted under 25 U.S.C. § 385c (1994), which allows for reserves to finance major repairs, and “SCIDD has made no showing that the Project misallocated funds” from the accounts nor shown that the funds are not available for the uses allowed by Congress; (iv) SCIDD waived objection to the Parker-Davis rate since it preferred that rate (over imputed historical cost) in its submissions to Interior during the ratemaking process and waived objection to the use of estimated pump usage by never requesting a change to retrospective billing for 0 & M; and (v) Parker-Davis was “the least expensive firm source of power available” in 1990 when Interior decided to use the rate.
With respect to the rate for power, the Claims Court was correct in using the Parker-Davis rate for the entire damages period. Although Interior used several rates for power during the eleven year period (the imputed cost of Coolidge Dam power, Parker-Davis power, and the projected cost of purchasing commercial power after the anticipated divestiture of the power division of the Project), as discussed above, any rate other than the Parker-Davis rate was an abuse of discretion by the Secretary, even if deference is accorded to the Secretary under Chevron. Because the parties do not dispute the obligation on the part of the government was to provide pumping power at “cost,” and because we hold that the government may charge for power but only at “cost,” the sole question remaining is “What was the cost of the power available after the power plant became inoperable?” Without power available from the Coolidge plant, the least expensive power throughout the damages period was Parker-Davis power. SCIDD is not entitled to guaranteed power production from the Coolidge plant under the Contract; thus, its argument that imputed cost must be used so that SCIDD will not be absorbing damages from the government’s breach rests on a false premise. The government is not, as SCIDD argued “escap[ing] responsibility for its own fault,” because SCIDD has no right to the production of a certain amount of power from the Project plant. SCIDD’s only extant damage claim is that the lowest price available to the government be passed along to them.
Moreover, SCIDD itself argued to the Claims Court that “if it is to be charged for power it should pay no more than the actual average replacement cost of power.” SCIDD IV, 26 Cl.Ct. at 231 (emphasis added). The Claims Court, in its order revising damages, San Carlos Irrigation and Drainage District v. United States, No. 460-86L (Fed.Cl. Feb. 24, 1995), noted that it had denied summary judgment on the basis of SCIDD’s argument that the imputed historical cost of the Coolidge power was incorrect and that replacement cost should govern the damages calculation. Thus, even if there was a colorable argument that the Parker-Davis rate should not apply, the Claims Court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that SCIDD was barred by judicial estoppel from relitigating the issue. See Data Gen. Corp. v. Johnson, 78 F.3d 1556, 1564 (Fed.Cir.1996) (“The doctrine of judicial estoppel is that where a party successfully urges a particular position in a legal proceeding, it is estopped from taking a contrary position in a subsequent proceeding where its interests have changed.”) (citing Davis v. Wakelee, 156 U.S. 680, 689, 15 S.Ct. 555, 558, 39 L.Ed. 578 (1895)).
On the issue of the charge for estimated rather than actual power usage, the terms of the Contract again govern the resolution of SCIDD’s claim. The Contract provides, “The Secretary of the Interior will give notice to the District of the amount of charges to be paid annually in sufficient time to permit the District to make the annual tax levies, or toll charges, in order that the District may comply with the laws of the State of Arizona relative to the levy and collection of taxes by irrigation districts.” The Contract therefore provides for charges in advance of use, necessarily implicating the use of estimates.
The government represents in its opening brief that “when 0 & M collections exceed expenses for a given year, the balance is retained in the Irrigation Division account to meet future expenses.” Thus, the government maintains that any overcharges merely result in prepayments by irrigators for future irrigation 0 & M expenses. The government represented that, following an audit to uncover transfers made in error, funds have only been transferred from the irrigation division, which has collected the 0 & M charges for the pumps (including power for pumping), to the power division for actual power used during the entire period.
The Contract clearly contemplates advance assessment of charges based upon estimates; such a provision makes sense since the project needs funds to cover its current operating expenses. Moreover, so long as power is only charged for as used, the proper balance of such funds remains credited to SCIDD for its future use. Nor is a two year advance assessment period unreasonable in light of the circumstances presented by operation of the power plant. The only issue potentially remaining, then, is whether the proper rate was charged when the irrigation division purchased power from the power division. Since no allegation of an improper transfer rate appeared in SCIDD’s damages calculations as suggested to the trial court and the issue was not addressed by the trial court, we decline to rule on that issue or its possible consequences for damages in this appeal.
CONCLUSION
Although in SCIDD II we held that the government had a duty to maintain the Project, a breach of that duty can entitle plaintiff to damages only where there was a contractual expectation interest flowing to SCIDD. Here, the only discernible interest was to receive power at cost and as available. Although SCIDD urges the implication of other contractual obligations from the “plan” of the Contract and the 1924 and 1928 Acts, the language of these instruments belies such an interpretation. The revised final judgment of the Court of Federal Claims is therefore affirmed in all respects.
AFFIRMED.
COSTS
SCIDD shall bear costs.
. For simplicity, the trial court here will be referred to at all times as the Claims Court, even though the later decisions of the trial court occurred after the court had been renamed the Court of Federal Claims.
. Section 3 of the Act provides in part, "[T]he operation and maintenance charges on account of land in private ownership ... shall be paid annually in advance.”
Section 5 of the Act gives the Secretary authority to “perform any and all acts and to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary and proper for the purpose of carrying the provisions of th[e] Act into full force and effect.”
. During parts of the period, the O & M cost included both imputed generation costs and transmission and distribution costs, while at other times, the O & M cost only included generation costs.
. The water allocation by the Bureau of Indian Affairs for 1983 was 3.0 acre-feet per acre, but only .60 acre-feet in 1990.
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CASELAW
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Mattias Håkansson
Mattias Bo-Erik Håkansson (born 20 February 1993) is a Swedish footballer who plays for Norwegian club Levanger as a midfielder.
Club career
In March 2022, Håkansson joined Levanger in the Norwegian third-tier Norwegian Second Division.
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WIKI
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User:Sssangha/sandbox
Tone Rules and Tone Sandhi in Punjabi
Dr. Sukhvinder Singh Dept. of Punjabi Guru Nanak Dev University Regional Campus Jalandhar (Pb.) Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Pike (1948:3) defines as tonal any language having lexically significant, contrastive but relative pitch in each syllable. Thus, Pike advocates the theory of one tone per syllable. But this theory was rejected by many phonologists branding it as a very strong. Pike (1948:5) also draws a distinction between Register tone languages and Contour tone languages. In Register tone languages, tonal contrasts consist of different levels of steady pitch heights (cf.Hyman, 1975:214) and pitch neither falls nor rises. On the other hand, the Contour tone languages consist of tones which are not level in their production, rather they rise or fall from a particular pitch height. It could be from high to mid (H>M), high to low (M>L) or mid to low (M>L) and vice versa depending upon the phonological structure of a particular language. Most of African tone languages are of Register tone, whereas, on the other hand, Oriental languages are Contour tone languages (cf.Hyman, 1975:214). Punjabi too falls into the category of Contour tone language.
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WIKI
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How Silent Running Works
Silent Running intro How Silent Running Works Certifications
How do I apply Silent Running?
How much time between coats?
What temperature can Silent Running be applied in?
What is the coverage?
What colours is it?
Will it burn?
What sort of dB reductions can I expect?
What do I have to do for surface preparation?
Where do I put it?
Should I coat the engine or compressor itself?
What is the difference between SR 1000, SR500, and SR600?
Can it be put on wood?
I only want to do my hatch cover, will it help?
Can I use it on my exhaust?
What is Silent Running made of?
What makes Silent Running work?
How hot does it get, will it increase the temperature in the space?
What sort of texture does it dry to?
Can it be painted over?
When can I begin working in the space?
How much weight will it add?
How quiet will my boat be after applying Silent Running?
Will it eliminate the wave slap if I coat the bow of the hull?
If I paint my child's room will it soundproof it?
.
^top How do I apply Silent Running?
. Spray, roll, or brush it on. The key to Silent Running is to build it up to a 40mils (1mm) minimum final application thickness regardless of how it is applied.
Spray - we use an inexpensive Binks Pressure Pot with a large orifice tip (#68, gel coat tip). You should be able to get 20mils (0.5mm) coating on a horizontal surface and 15mils (0.4mm) on a vertical. Please see application notes.
Roller - use a thick nap cloth roller.
Again, use plenty of material on the roller and use short strokes with light pressure.
Do not try to make it go too far in one stroke; you should be able to get about the thickness of 2 matchbook covers per coat. 4-5 matchbook covers will approximately equal the desired thickness of 40mils (1mm). Rolling will produce a "stippling" effect. For a smoother finish, tip off very lightly with a brush after rolling.
Brush - use at least a 3" wide nylon bristle brush.
Load the brush up with an ample supply of Silent Running and brush on in one direction, using short strokes. Do not try to make it go too far in one stroke; you should be able to get about the thickness of 2 matchbook covers per coat. 4-5 matchbook covers will approximately equal the desired thickness of 40mils (1mm).
^top How much time between coats?
. Silent Running air dries to the touch in about 1 hour. This varies with temperature and humidity. If outdoors, try not to apply in the late afternoon, especially in the spring when there is the chance of high humidity. Once it is dry to the touch it may be over coated.
^top What temperature can Silent Running be applied in?
.
Temperature range for application is 10º C to 38º C, however be aware that at the lower temperatures it will take longer to dry and at the higher temperature it will dry quicker.
We highly recommend that the temperature of the product and the substrate be over 15º C.
Just because the air temperature is 15º C does not mean the surface and material temperature is 15º C!
^top What is the coverage?
. 1 gallon covers roughly 40 square feet at a final application thickness of 40 mils (approximately 1 litre/m2 at 1.3mm thickness) achieved in multiple coats. DO NOT thin, DO NOT "stretch". Better to have a thicker application rather than less than 40mils (1mm).
^top What colours is it?
. SR1000 is a standard off white.
SR500 is a standard light grey.
SR600 is a standard light grey.
We can custom tint for quantities over 100 litres.
^top Will it burn?
. No!
SR 1000 has US Coast Guard approval for flammability and toxicity as well as European Union approval and Lloyd's Registry approval.
SR 500 and SR600 have passed the Federal Railroad Association tests for flammability, toxicity and smoke density (ASTM E162, 662, and 84-05). If Silent Running comes in contact with flame, it will self extinguish.
^top What sort of dB reductions can I expect?
. There is no real way to determine the exact decibel reduction for each and every application; however, we typically see a 6-8 dB reduction which is roughly half of the audible noise. Again, remember every application is different.
^top What do I have to do for surface preparation?
.
We highly recommend you prepare the surface as you would for any type of coating.
Clean, dry, oil and dust free.
If on metal, lightly scuff with an 80 grit paper and clean.
If on fiberglass or plastic, ensure that it is not a glossy surface, such as an exterior gel coat. If it is an exterior (shiny) gel coat or an epoxy such as West that forms an "amine blush" after curing, wash thoroughly to remove any waxes, mold release or blush. Allow it to dry and scuff with an 80grit paper and clean.
^top Where do I put it?
.
On boats it can go in all interior spaces. This includes the bilge, hull, bulkhead, ceiling, hatch covers, control spaces, generator enclosures to name some.
For automotive applications we recommend you begin with the wheel well cavities, trunk, and door panels, then as much of the interior of the cockpit as you are able.
Generators, compressors, HVAC's and hydraulic pumps we recommend doing the inside of their enclosures.
^top Should I coat the engine or compressor itself?
. No, we do not recommend coating any machinery itself. We do recommend that you start where the motors or machinery are mounted and work your way out for the best results.
^top What is the difference between SR 1000, SR500, and SR600?
.
SR 1000 is for marine applications, and designed to endure the harsh environment and has US Coast Guard approved for flammability and toxicity.
SR 500 is for industrial applications, for use on air handlers, sorters, conveyors, fan shrouds. It is not recommend for marine use.
SR 600 is for HVAC (High Velocity Air Conditioning) and has special moisture dissipation ingredients to help wick moisture away and enhance evaporation.
Is one better than the other?
No, they all perform equally well for vibration and sound damping, the difference is each ones designed application environment and slight chemical differences.
^top Can it be put on wood?
. Yes, however the surface must be dry and clean of any chipping or peeling paint, epoxies, fiberglass, etc. The first coat over bare wood will act like a primer only it will be absorbed by the wood; we recommend you use an inexpensive wood primer prior to applying Silent Running. Apply at least 2-3 coats for a minimum final thickness of 40mils (1mm). The thicker the wood the thicker the final application thickness will need to be. You may need to go to 50mils (1.3mm) for maximum effectiveness.
^top I only want to do my hatch cover, will it help?
. It will help some, but Silent Running works by absorbing vibration energy, and is not a sound absorption product. One of the benefits of vibration absorption is sound reduction. So the more area you are able to do from where the vibration is generated, the better the sound reduction you will receive. Think of dropping a pebble into a pond, the closer to the pebble you stop the ripples, the smoother the entire pond. Silent Running works the same way, it is best to start at the source of the noise and vibration, the engine. Because Silent Running is not affected by water, it can be put in the bilge. So start at the engine and work your way out. Include the stringers, hull, bulkheads, ceilings, and hatches. This will provide you with the most noise reduction and vibration attenuation.
^top Can I use it on my exhaust?
. If the noise is structure borne then Silent Running will help. If it is air borne noise, unless in an enclosed space then Silent Running will not help as much, as it does not do air born noise absorption.
^top What is Silent Running made of?
. Silent Running is water and latex based with proprietary materials added for vibration absorption, fire retardants, and adhesion, to name a few.
^top What makes Silent Running work?
. Silent Running works by a viscoelastic chemical process that absorbs vibration energy and converts that energy it into a low grade heat that is then disperses throughout the surface of the product, therefore reducing the airborne noise and reducing the need for absorption materials. Silent Running best attenuates mid to low range frequencies.
^top How hot does it get, will it increase the temperature in the space?
. The amount of heat generated is so minimal that it is not measurable by conventional methods. It will not increase the temperature in the space.
^top What sort of texture does it dry to?
. It dries to a hard surface. Silent Running does not contract or expand while curing, what you apply wet is what you are left with dry.
The final texture will be determined by your method of application, a brush will leave brush strokes, a roller will stipple slightly, and the spray application will provide you with a lightly textured surface.
^top Can it be painted over?
. Yes. Be sure to allow ample dry time prior to coating over. We recommend at least 1-2 weeks for it to dry depending on conditions such as temperature and humidity. We have used several different coatings successfully. However due to the large number of different coatings out there, we can't try them all. We suggest that you try your coating over it in an inconspicuous spot. Be sure to allow ample dry time prior to coating with vendors paint. Contact us for more information.
^top When can I begin working in the space?
. We recommend that you allow Silent Running to cure 24 hours from your final coat prior to working in the area.
^top How much weight will it add?
. Once dry Silent Running weighs 226 grams per square foot at a final application thickness of 50mils (1.3mm).
^top How quiet will my boat be after applying Silent Running?
.
Each application is different. We anticipate a 6 - 8 dB reduction which equates to roughly half of the audible noise. In some applications you may receive a greater reduction or less depending on the frequencies you are attempting to attenuate, the thickness of the substrate as well as the final application thickness of Silent Running.
Our service department is available to provide you with test results showing the frequencies Silent Running best attenuate, or to answer any questions you may have - please don't hesitate to contact us.
^top Will it eliminate the wave slap if I coat the bow of the hull?
. No, it won't eliminate it, although it will reduce the amount of resonance emitted throughout the hull. Wave slap is an impact sound and you can not eliminate it. We find that Silent Running applied to the hull and some acoustic absorption material applied over it will provide you with the best results.
^top If I paint my child's room will it soundproof it?
No, Silent Running is not an acoustic absorption material. It works by absorbing vibration.
Silent Running intro How Silent Running Works Certifications
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Kimiya Sato
Kimiya Sato (佐藤 公哉) is a Japanese racing driver. He currently competes in Super GT.
Career
After competing in karting in Asia, Sato spent two seasons in Formula BMW UK, ending fourth in 2007. He returned to Japan and resulted runner-up in the 2008 Formula Challenge Japan, then second and fourth in the 2009 and 2010 National Class of the All-Japan Formula Three Championship.
Back in Europe, Sato was 10th in the 2011 Formula 3 Euro Series and third in the 2012 German Formula Three. He climbed to Auto GP in 2013, where he ended second in the championship. Also in 2013, he drove for Sauber at the Formula One Young Driver Test, finishing 13th fastest on day 3 of the test. Sato was the 25th fastest of 31 drivers overall.
For the 2014 season, he entered the GP2 Series with Campos Racing.
Career summary
† – As Sato was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points.
* Season still in progress.
‡ Team standings.
Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results
(key)
Complete Auto GP results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) † Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.
Complete GP2 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete Super GT results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) † Sato was ineligible for points at the Suzuka round.
* Season still in progress.
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WIKI
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Joby Action Battery Grip at Best Buy in Miami - 62956530
Browse all deals at Best Buy See more in Digital Cameras See more from JOBY™ * This offer may contain time-sensitive information and offers. Please check with Best Buy to confirm actual price & availability. Find it at your local(view store) 1131 5th StMiami Beach, FL33139305-535-8539 8450 S Dixie Hwy Dadeland StationMiami, FL33143305-662-7073 7751 Bird RdMiami, FL33155305-267-9913 4001 W 20th AveHialeah, FL33012305-819-0722 1675 W 49th StHialeah, FL33012305-231-7342 1455 Nw 107th AveMiami, FL33172305-436-3914 10760 Nw 17th StMiami, FL33172786-845-2999 11401 Nw 12th StMiami, FL33172305-994-9381 11905 S Dixie HwyMiami, FL33156305-971-5039 12495 Sw 88th StMiami, FL33186305-275-8338 21035 Biscayne BlvdMiami, FL33180305-933-9025 11450 Pines BlvdHollywood, FL33026954-441-6135 11401 Pines BlvdHollywood, FL33026954-443-6063 19191 S Dixie Hwy, Point Royale PlazaMiami, FL33157305-256-9552 2200 S University DrFort Lauderdale, FL33324954-916-6999 8000 W Broward BlvdFort Lauderdale, FL33388954-693-7553 12301 W Sunrise Blvd Flamingo Shopping CenterFort Lauderdale, FL33323954-423-1999 12801 W Sunrise BlvdFort Lauderdale, FL33323954-846-8115 2829 N Federal HwyFort Lauderdale, FL33306954-564-7733 33590 S Dixie HwyHomestead, FL33034786-349-6446 650 N University DrPompano Beach, FL33071954-341-0256 9469 W Atlantic BlvdPompano Beach, FL33071954-340-7203 3300 Nw 62nd TerracePompano Beach, FL33063954-975-2857 6000 Glades RdBoca Raton, FL33431561-750-4240 20540 State Road 7 Shadowood SquareBoca Raton, FL33498561-477-5367 550 N Congress AveBoynton Beach, FL33426561-752-1948 801 N Congress AveBoynton Beach, FL33426561-733-5756 1040 S State Road 7Wellington, FL33414561-792-7323 1880 Palm Beach Lakes BlvdWest Palm Beach, FL33401561-688-1944 11230 Legacy AvePalm Beach Gardens, FL33410561-694-0366 Already a member? Log in. Share a link to with a friend via Email. Your Email Has Been Sent Thank you!
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Pointing to website on different VPS
I have installed Virtualmin on a VPS and plan to mainly host email through this particular installation. I have an existing website on a different VPS and would like to point Virtualmin to that location to resolve that site.
I currently have the registrar pointing to the VPS that hosts that site. I assume I need to point the registrar to my Virtualmin VPS and then redirect the DNS in Virtualmin to the website’s VPS address. How do I do this? Is there a better way (other than just moving the site to the Virtualmin server)?
Thanks for any help,
Jeremy
Howdy,
To update where a domain points, you would need to update the DNS settings.
Where is the DNS for your domain currently hosted?
If it’s hosted at your registrar, you could just update the DNS with your registrar, if you wanted, as many of them provide DNS services.
Otherwise, you could change your domain at your registrar to use your Virtualmin server as a nameserver, setup your domain in Virtualmin, and then go into Server Configuration -> Edit DNS Records to change what IP addresses are used for your domain. They would default to using the IP of your Virtualmin server, you could instead change them to use the IP of your web server.
-Eric
Thanks Eric. I’ll sort through your reply and see what I can get to work. I’ll update when I can.
J.
When editing the DNS record, I get this error - This domain has email enabled, but none of the MX records 127.0.0.1 point to it. Either the MX records should be corrected, or the email feature disabled if mail is hosted externally.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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How To Make Custom Alarm On Samsung
Custom Alarm Systems in Woburn, MA Lexington Alarm Systems
Custom Alarm Systems in Woburn, MA Lexington Alarm Systems from www.lexingtonalarm.com
How to Make Custom Alarm on Samsung
Introduction
In this article, we will guide you on how to make custom alarms on your Samsung device. Having a personalized alarm can help you wake up to your favorite song or sound and start your day on a positive note. Let’s dive into the steps below.
Step 1: Open the Clock App
First, locate and open the Clock app on your Samsung device. It is usually pre-installed and can be found in the app drawer or on the home screen.
Step 2: Tap on the Alarm Tab
Once you have opened the Clock app, navigate to the Alarm tab. This tab allows you to manage your existing alarms and create new ones.
Step 3: Tap on the “+” Icon
To create a new alarm, tap on the “+” icon usually located at the bottom or top right corner of the screen. This will open up a new alarm creation window.
Step 4: Set the Time
In the alarm creation window, set the desired time for your custom alarm. You can do this by using the hour and minute sliders or by typing in the time manually.
Step 5: Choose the Days
Select the days of the week on which you want the alarm to repeat. You can choose specific days or set it to repeat on weekdays or weekends only.
Step 6: Select the Sound
Tap on the “Sound” option to choose the sound you want for your alarm. You can select from the pre-installed alarm tones or choose a song from your device’s music library.
Step 7: Customize the Alarm Label
If you want to give your alarm a specific name or label, tap on the “Label” option and enter the desired text. This can be helpful if you have multiple alarms set for different purposes.
Step 8: Adjust Additional Settings
Depending on your Samsung device model and software version, you may have additional settings to customize your alarm. These settings may include snooze duration, vibration options, and more. Adjust them according to your preferences.
Step 9: Save the Alarm
After customizing all the necessary settings, tap on the “Save” or “Done” button to save your custom alarm. You will now see it listed along with your other alarms in the Clock app.
Step 10: Test and Enjoy
Lastly, make sure to test your custom alarm by setting it for a few minutes ahead. This will ensure that it works as expected and wakes you up on time with your chosen sound or song. Enjoy waking up to your personalized alarm!
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Chemistry and Chemical Calculations Notes
Chemistry – Chemistry is the science which deals with all kinds of matter occurring on this Earth and in the outside universe.
Importance of Chemistry – Chemistry is the centre of life. It finds numerous applications in everyday life and it is indispensible for modem civilization.
Matter – It is anything which has mass and occupies space.
Physical classification of matter – They are solids, liquids and gases.
Chemical classification of matter – (i) Pure substances such as elements and compounds (ii) mixture such as homogenous and heterogeneous (iii) Inorganic compounds and organic compounds.
Plasma state – Gaseous state of matter at very high temperature containing gaseous ions and free electron is referred to as the Plasma state.
Atom – An atom is the ultimate smallest electrically neutral, being made up of fundamental
particles such as proton, neutron and electron.
Element – An element consists of only one type of atoms.
Classifications of elements – metals, non-metals and metalloids.
Molecule – It is the smallest particle made up of one or more than one atom in a definite ratio having stable and independent existence.
Classification of molecule – (i) monoatomic molecule (Sodium and Copper) (ii) diatomic (H2 and Cl2) and (iii) polyatomic (O3, P4 and S8).
Compound – A molecule which contains two or more atoms of different elements are called a compound molecule, e.g. H20 (Water) and C02 (Carbon dioxide).
Atomic mass – It is the mass of an atom of an element expressed as a number relative to the mass of one atom of hydrogen or oxygen or carbon.
amu – One atomic mass unit is equal to l/12th of the mass of an atom of C-12 isotope.
1amu= 1.66056 x 10-24 gram.
Molecular mass – Molecular mass of a substance represents the number of times the molecule of that substance is heavier than 1/12th of the mass of an atom of C-12 isotope.
Molecular mass = 2 x Vapour density
Formula mass – The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a formula unit of a substance is called formula mass.
Mole Concept – The mole is defined as the amount of a substance which contains 6.023 x 1023 particles such as atoms, molecules or ions. Mole is represented by the letter “n”. Avogadro’s hypothesis – ‘Equal volume of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules’.
Avogadro number (N) – It is the number of atoms present in one mole of an element or number of molecules present in one mole of a compound. The value of Avogadro number (N) = 6.023 x 1023.
Molar mass – The mass of one mole of any substance in gram is called molar mass.
Molar volume – : It is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance in the gaseous state at STP. It is equal to 2.24 x 10-2m3 (22.4 L).
Equivalent mass – The equivalent mass of an element is defined as the number of parts of the acid which contains one 1.008 part by mass of replaceable hydron atom
Equivalent mass = \(\frac{\text { Molar mass of the acid }}{\text { Basicity }}\)
Equivalent mass – The equivalent mass of an element is defined as the number of parts of the mass of an element which combines with or displaces 1.008 parts of hydrogen or 8 parts of oxygen or 35.5 parts of chlorine.
\(\frac{\text { Atomic mass }}{\text { Valency }}\)
Equivalent mass of acid – It is defined as the number of parts by mass of the acid which contains 1.008 part by mass of replaceable hydrogen atom.
Equivalent mass of an acid = \(\frac{\text { Molar mass of the acid }}{\text { Basicity }}\)
Basicity – It is the number of replaceable hydrogen atoms present in a molecule of the acid.
Equivalent mass of a base – It is defined as the number of parts by mass of the base which contains one replaceable hydroxyl ion.
Equivalent mass ot a base = \(\)\frac{\text { Molar mass of the base }}{\text { Acidity }}\(\)
Acidity – It is the number of hydroxyl ions present in one mole of a base.
Equivalent mass of a salt – It is defined as the number of parts by mass of the salt that is produced by the neutralization of one equivalent of an acid by a base.
Equivalent mass of the salt = Molar mass of the salt
Equivalent mass of an oxidizing agent – It is defined as the number of parts by mass which can furnish 8 parts by mass of oxygen for oxidation.
Equivalent mass of a reducing agent – It is defined as the number of parts by mass of the reducing agent which is completely oxidised by 8 parts by mass of oxygen.
Empirical formula – It shows the ratio of number of atoms of different elements in one molecule of the compound.
Molecular formula – It shows the actual number of different types of atoms present in one molecule of the compound. Molecular formula = (Empirical formula)n
Stoichiometry equation – It is a short scientific representation of a chemical reaction.
Limiting reagents – The reactant used up first in a reaction is called the limiting reagent.
Oxidation reaction – It is a process of adding of oxygen or removal of hydrogen.
Reduction reaction – It is a process of removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen.
Electronic concept of oxidation and reduction – The reaction that involves loss of electrons is called an oxidation reaction and reaction that involves gain of electrons is called a reduction reaction.
OIL – Oxidation Is Loss of electrons.
RIG – Reduction Is Gain of electrons.
Oxidation number – It refers to the number of charges an atom would have in a molecule or an ionic compound if electrons were transferred completely.
Types of redox reactions – (i) Combination reactions (ii) Decomposition reactions (iii) Displacement reactions (iv) Disproportionation reactions (v) Competitive Electron transfer reactions.
Combination reactions – When two or more substances combine to form a single substance, the reactions are called combination reactions.
A + B → C
Decomposition reactions – The reaction in which a compound splits up into two or more simpler substances are called decomposition reaction.
AB → A + B
Displacement reactions – The reactions in which one ion or atom in a compound is replaced by an ion or atom of the other element are called displacement reactions.
AB + C → AC + B
Disproportionation reactions – The reactions in which an element undergoes simultaneously both oxidation and reduction are called as disproportionation reactions.
Competitive electron transfer reactions – These are the reactions in which redox reactions take place in different vessels and it is an indirect redox reaction. In this reaction, there is a competition for the release of electrons among different metals take place.
Methods of balancing of redox reactions – (i) Oxidation number method (ii) Ion-electron method.
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes
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EXIDEIND Pivot Point Calculator
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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mu-unique
0.0.5 • Public • Published
Version Version Build Status Coverage Status
mu-unique
Uniqueify an array of elements.
Runtime complexity: O(n*log(n)) for sortable arrays, O(n^2) for non-sortable arrays.
unique(arr, sortable, comparator)
1. arr {Array} - The source array.
2. sortable {Boolean} - Optional. Does the array contain sortable elements? defaults to false.
3. comparator {Function} - Optional.
• If the array is sortable, it defines the order of the elements in the array. It is called with 2 elements from the array and should return 0 if they are equal, a positive number if a is bigger and a negative number if b is bigger. If not provided, the array will be sorted with a natural order (as defined by the runtime).
• If the array is not sortable, it defines the equality between elements in the array. It is called with 2 elements from the array and should return true if they are equal, and false otherwise. If not provided, the elements will be tested for equality with ===.
Notes:
1. The function modifies the array and returns its new length.
2. The original order of items may not be preserved.
3. If the this value of the function is defined, it will be used as the array (see examples). Thus it is possible to use this function to extend the Array prototype: Array.prototype.unique = unique.
Installation
• Node: 0. npm install mu-unique 0. var unique = require('mu-unique');
• AMD (install with bower): 0. bower install mu-unique 0. require(['mu-unique'], function(unique){ /* ... */ });
Run tests with make test.
Run coverage analysis with make coverage (coverage report is saved to ./coverage).
Examples
var arr = [1, 2, 1, 2, 3],
len = unique(arr);
console.log(arr, true); // [1, 2, 3]
console.log(len); // 3
var o1 = {},
o2 = function(){},
o3 = "foo",
arr = [o1,o1,o2,o3,o2,o3],
len = unique(arr);
console.log(arr); // [o1, o2, o3]
console.log(len); // 3
With a custom order:
var arr1 = ['hello', 'hi', 'world'],
arr2 = unique(arr1, function(a, b){
// compare only first character
return a[0] > b[0] ? 1 : a[0] < b[0] ? -1 : 0;
});
console.log(arr1); // ['hello', 'hi', 'world']
console.log(arr2); // ['hello', 'world']
By setting the this value:
var arr = [1, 2, 1, 2, 3],
len = unique.call(arr);
console.log(arr); // [1, 2, 3]
console.log(len); // 3
Install
npm i mu-unique
DownloadsWeekly Downloads
9
Version
0.0.5
License
MIT
Last publish
Collaborators
• eyalar
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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British Rail Eastern Region departmental locomotives
In 1952, the Eastern Region of British Rail introduced its own series for departmental (non-revenue earning) vehicles, including locomotives. Numbers were allocated from 1 to 1000, with blocks of 100 numbers allocated to specific types of vehicle. This page only lists the locomotives (steam, diesel and electric), which took the number 1 to 100. This block was split as follows:
* 1-30 : Great Northern section (maintained at Doncaster)
* 31-50 : Great Eastern section (maintained at Stratford)
* 51-100: North Eastern section (maintained at Darlington)
The Great Northern list later expanded to take numbers 31 and 32 from the Great Eastern list. Also included on this page is a former diesel locomotive that had been converted as a mobile power unit and numbered in the 9xx block used for miscellaneous vehicles.
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WIKI
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Animation:Master Features
Hash Inc. has packed tons of features into Animation:Master, and this page is dedicated to providing examples that explore everything Animation:Master has to offer. If there is a need for information that goes beyond the scope of this module, please visit the [http://www.hash.com/forums/index.php? A:M Forums].
Feature List
* /Images/
* /Sounds/
* /Post Effects/
* /Materials/
* /Objects/
* /Actions/
* /Choreographies/
* /Rendering/
* /Radiosity/
* /Volumetrics/
* /Spline\Patch-based Modeling/
* /Rigid Body Physics/
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WIKI
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Beela Rajesh
Beela Rajesh (born 15 November 1969 in Thoothukudi District) is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer serving as the Secretary of Commercial Taxes and Registration who is predominantly known for been at the forefront of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
Personal life
Beela Rajesh was born on 15 November 1969 in Thoothukudi District and was based in Kottivakkam locality of Chennai since then. She was born in the already well influenced family, where her mother, Rani Venkatesan is a senior Congress leader and a former MLA while her father, L.N Venkatesan is a retired IPS Officer Director general of police. Rajesh is a MBBS graduate from Madras Medical College and an IAS passout from the 1997 batch.
Her husband Mr. Rajesh Das IPS is accused of sexually harassing a woman Superintendent of Police in February. The incident allegedly happened when he and the woman officer were part of a security detail for the then Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami during an election campaign.
Career
In February 2019, Beela Rajesh was appointed as Health Secretary at the Department of Health and Family Welfare of State of Tamil Nadu. Prior to taking charge as the Health Secretary, she served as Commissioner, Indian Medicine and Homeopathy for the state. As a Health Secretary, Rajesh was instrumental in initiating Hospital Management Information System, under which patients data across Tamil Nadu would be digitised and stored in cloud for future reference and research purposes. She played vital role in minimising the number of Dengue cases reported in the state in 2019.
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WIKI
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The Lost Painting
The Lost Painting: The Quest for a Caravaggio Masterpiece is a 2005 non-fiction book by the author of A Civil Action, Jonathan Harr. The book traces the recent discovery of a Caravaggio painting, by comparing two copies of the painting and trying to figure out which one is the original The Taking of Christ (c. 1602). The book is an extension of an article that first appeared in The New York Times. One of the people whose life is recounted in the book is the Oxford philosopher and ontologist of the infosphere Luciano Floridi.
Variety reports that Miramax might produce a film version of the book.
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WIKI
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Science Inventory
A Cell Model to Evaluate Chemical Effects on Adult Human Cardiac Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Function
Citation:
Das, K., V. Long III, M. Kubo, C. Lau, AND K. Dreher. A Cell Model to Evaluate Chemical Effects on Adult Human Cardiac Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Function. 57th SOT Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, March 11 - 15, 2018.
Impact/Purpose:
The main purpose of this study to establish an alternative testing model to evaluate the effect of chemicals on adult human CPC differentiation to CM and their function. Study provides information related to the impact of chemicals and environmental exposure on human longevity.
Description:
Adult cardiac stem cells (CSC) and progenitor cells (CPC) represent a population of cells in the heart critical for its regeneration and function over a lifetime. The impact of chemicals on adult human CSC/CPC differentiation and function is unknown. Research was conducted to develop an improved assay to assess the impact of chemicals on CPC differentiation and function. CPCs (Cellular Dynamics International Inc.) were treated with 10 µM XAV939(Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor) + 2.5 µM SB431542 (TGF-βR inhibitor) for 48h. Cultures were then maintained in either Williams Eagle (WE) or maturation medium (MM) with or without T3 for 2 - 21 days to identify the optimal conditions for CPC differentiation, cardiomyocytes (CM) function, and compare to manufacturer’s recommended protocol. CPC cytotoxicity and differentiation were determined by quantitative fluorescent analysis using Red Dot1 nuclear and anti-cardiac troponin T antibody (TnT) in-cell western staining (LI-COR Odyssey CLx Imaging System), respectively. CM function was determined by measuring beat rate (BR) and beat amplitude (BAMP) using the xCELLigence RTCA Cardio platform (ACEA Biosciences). Impacts of environmental chemicals on CPC differentiation and CM function were evaluated in these optimized conditions. Cell viability was not affected at any time by any media condition tested. Maximal CPC differentiation measured by TnT expression occurred in MM medium after 8 days and represented a 74% increase of TnT expression versus the manufacturer’s protocol. Maximal CM function was detected in MM after 21 days with a 29% and 50% increase in BR and BAMP, respectively, versus the manufacturer’s protocol. CPCs exposed to perfluorononanoate (25, 50, 100 µM), Triclosan (2.5, 5, 10 µM), or Bisphenol A (0.125, 1.25, 12.5 µM) using optimized CPC assay conditions led to a 25% decrease in BR and BAMP at 13 and 21 days post-exposure, at the lowest concentration tested. This research provides a novel alternative testing model to evaluate the effect of chemicals on adult human CPC differentiation to CM and their function. Our results demonstrate that chemicals significantly impact the ability of CPC to differentiate into functional CM. This adverse effect may impact the heart in terms of susceptibility to disease and longevity. (This abstract does not represent EPA policy)
Record Details:
Record Type: DOCUMENT (PRESENTATION/POSTER)
Product Published Date: 03/15/2018
Record Last Revised: 06/21/2018
OMB Category: Other
Record ID: 341345
Organization:
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS RESEARCH LABORATORY
TOXICOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIVISION
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY BRANCH
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Edit Article
How to Use Pumpup to Stay Fit and Healthy
Two Methods:Focusing on FoodFocusing on ExerciseCommunity Q&A
With the app Pump Up, available on Android and iOS, you can keep fit and healthy by posting pictures of your food or your progress and making workout routines.
Method 1
Focusing on Food
1. 1
Make an account. Sign up for the app by entering in your email and a few details. You can't use the app without an account!
2. 2
Post a picture of the food you are about to eat and post it to the community, either publicly or privately. Do this by pressing the '+' button in the middle of the bar at the bottom. Make it aesthetically pleasing and include details on what it is made from, try to encourage your followers to keep healthy. Repeat this for every meal and snack you have, so your account turns into a food diary.
3. 3
Regularly weigh yourself. Set a realistic target so you have something to work towards and to keep yourself inspired. You don't want to get bored!
4. 4
Carry on with this until you reach your desired weight. Just don't feel disheartened when you don't lose 10 pounds in one day.
Method 2
Focusing on Exercise
1. 1
Make an account. Sign up for the app by entering in your email and a few details. You can't use the app without an account!
2. 2
Take a picture of the body parts you want to tone, or your body in general, and post it to the community, either publicly or privately. Do this by pressing the '+' button in the middle of the bar at the bottom. This is so you have a comparison for in the future. Encourage your followers to stay fit and to push themselves.
3. 3
Regularly weigh yourself. Set a realistic target so you have something to work towards and to keep yourself and others inspired. You don't want to lose interest.
4. 4
Make a routine. Do this by opening the app, tapping the '+' button again, and selecting all the appropriate things from the options. Then your workout will start and, afterwards, you have the option to post about your workout, including a picture.
5. 5
Carry on with this until you reach your desired weight. Just don't feel disheartened when you don't lose 10 pounds in one day.
Community Q&A
Unanswered Questions
Show more unanswered questions
Ask a Question
If this question (or a similar one) is answered twice in this section, please click here to let us know.
Tips
• Drink lots of water. This aids weight loss.
• Follow accounts to get inspiration.
• Don't drink sodas and other fizzy drinks, even 'diet' ones. These have 'ghost' calories, calories that you don't need, and will make you gain weight around your stomach.
• It is a lot easier to lose weight and be healthier if you workout and eat better foods.
• Try protein shakes for building muscle.
• Don't eat processed foods.
• Have rest days for your body so you can take a break from working out, otherwise, your body could get very sore and painful.
Warnings
• Make sure to eat enough calories and be aware of eating disorders, especially if you are exercising. The more exercise you do, the more calories you need.
Article Info
Categories: Android Applications
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 4,557 times.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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#### Part 1 functions from PCRS #### def get_closest(unvisited): """ Return a tuple from list unvisited that has the shortest distance (return the first such tuple in case of ties). Assumes unvisited is not empty. Parameters: unvisited-- a list of (city_name, distance) pairs Return value: the first tuple in unvisited whose distance is minimum Side-effects: None Examples: >>> get_closest([('A', 3)]) ('A', 3) >>> get_closest([('A', 3), ('B', 2)]) ('B', 2) >>> get_closest([('A', 3), ('C', 4)]) ('A', 3) >>> get_closest([('A', 3), ('B', 2), ('C', 4), ('D', 2)]) ('B', 2) """ # Examine every tuple and remember the index of the one with the smallest # distance so far-- starting with the first tuple. def find_city(city, city_list): """ (str, list of (str, int)) -> int Return the index of the first tuple that contains city in city_list, or -1 if city does not appear in city_list. Parameters: city-- the name of a city to look for (a string) city_list-- a list of tuples of the form (city_name, distance) Return value: the index of the first tuple in city_list that contains city; -1 if no tuple in city_list contains city Side-effects: None Examples: >>> find_city('A', [('A', 2)]) 0 >>> find_city('A', [('B', 3), ('C', 2)]) -1 >>> find_city('A', [('B', 3), ('C', 2), ('A', 2)]) 2 >>> find_city('C', [('B', 3), ('C', 2), ('A', 2), ('C', 4)]) 1 """ def process_line(line): """ (str) -> (str, str, int) Process one line from a data file (in the same format as the lines in cities.txt) to extract the first city's name, the second city's name, and the distance. Return these values in a tuple. Parameters: line-- a single line in the same format as the lines in cities.txt, in the format specified in the project handout (first city:second city distance) Return value: (first, second, distance), where first is the name of the first city, second is the name of the second city, and distance is the distance Side-effects: None Examples: >>> process_line("A:B 3") ('A', 'B', 3) >>> process_line("some city:B 2") ('some city', 'B', 2) >>> process_line("A:other city 5") ('A', 'other city', 5) """ def build_adjacent_distances(lines): """ Read distances between cities from the lines read from data, which is in the same format as cities.txt, and return a dictionary structure that contains all of this information. Parameters: lines -- a list of lines read in from data in the same format as cities.txt Return value: a dictionary whose keys are city names and whose values are lists of pairs of the form (city_name, distance). The cities must be sorted in alphabetical order. (Note: sorted([('B', 3), ('A', 2)]) returns [('A', 2), ('B', 3)] Side-effects: None Examples: # The second line below violates style guidelines (it is too long), but # is shown this way so you can use it for testing. >>> build_adjacent_distances(lines) # assuming lines are the lines of cities.txt {'Toronto': [('New York', 3), ('Mexico City', 7), ('San Francisco', 6)], 'San Francisco': [('Washington', 5), ('Mexico City', 3), ('Toronto', 6)], 'New York': [('Toronto', 3), ('Washington', 2)], 'Washington': [('New York', 2), ('San Francisco', 5)], 'Mexico City': [('San Francisco', 3), ('Toronto', 7)]} """ def get_all_cities(city_to_city_dist): """ Return a list of all the cities that appear in the dictionary city_to_city_dist (a dictionary in the format returned by build_adjacent_distances). The cities are to be sorted in alphabetic order. >>> city_to_city_dist = {'Washington': [('New York', 2), ('San Francisco', 5)], 'Toronto': [('New York', 3)]} >>> get_all_cities(city_to_city_dist) ['New York', 'San Francisco', 'Toronto', 'Washington'] """ #### Similar to Part 2 functions on PCRS #### def visit_next(visited, unvisited, city_to_city_dist): """ Move the next closest city from the unvisited list to the visited list. Update the distances in the unvisited list if a shorter path exists to one of the unvisited cities, as described in the handout. Assumes that the unvisited list is non-empty. Parameters: visited-- a list of tuples for cities that have been "visited", i.e., their minimum distance to the city of origin is known, and their neighbours already belong to the visited or unvisited list unvisited-- a list of tuples for cities that have not yet been visited city_to_city_dist-- a dictionary of direct flight lengths between cities, such as what is returned by get_all_cities() Return value: None Side-effects: - the first city C whose distance is minimum in unvisited is removed from unvisited and added to visited - neighbours of C that did not already belong to either list are added to unvisited (with their distance from C) - neighbours of C that were already in unvisited have their distance updated, if going through C leads to a shorter total distance Examples: # This needs to be tested much more thoroughly than the few cases below, to # take into account all the possible situations that could come up. >>> city_to_city_dist = build_adjacent_distances(open("cities.txt").readlines()) >>> unvisited = [('Toronto', 0)] >>> visited = [] >>> visit_next(visited, unvisited, city_to_city_dist) >>> visited [('Toronto', 0)] >>> unvisited [('New York', 3), ('Mexico City', 7), ('San Francisco', 6)] >>> visit_next(visited, unvisited, city_to_city_dist) >>> visited [('Toronto', 0), ('New York', 3)] >>> unvisited [('Mexico City', 7), ('San Francisco', 6), ('Washington', 5)] >>> visit_next(visited, unvisited, city_to_city_dist) >>> visited [('Toronto', 0), ('New York', 3), ('Washington', 5)] >>> unvisited [('Mexico City', 7), ('San Francisco', 6)] """ # Step 1: # Find the closest city in the unvisited list and move it to the visited list. ############################################################################ # Step 2: # For every neighbour of the city that was moved to visited, there are three # cases to consider: # ...(a) neighbour is already visited: do nothing # ...(b) neighbour is already unvisited: update its distance # ...(c) neighbour is not even unvisited: add it to unvisited def visit_all(city, city_to_city_dist): """Return the list of shortest distances from city to every city in the dictionary city_to_city_dist. This is accomplished by repeatedly calling visit_next inside a while loop. Parameters: city--the starting point city_to_city_dist-- a dictionary of direct flight lengths between cities, such as what is returned by get_all_cities() >> city_to_city_dist = build_adjacent_distances(open("cities.txt").readlines()) >> visit_all('Toronto', city_to_city_dist) [('Mexico City', 7), ('New York', 3), ('San Francisco', 6), ('Toronto', 0), ('Washington', 5)] """
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Altered Schaedler flora
The altered Schaedler flora (ASF) is a community of eight bacterial species: two lactobacilli, one Bacteroides, one spiral bacterium of the Flexistipes genus, and four extremely oxygen sensitive (EOS) fusiform-shaped species. The bacteria are selected for their dominance and persistence in the normal microflora of mice, and for their ability to be isolated and grown in laboratory settings. Germ-free animals, mainly mice, are colonized with ASF for the purpose of studying the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Intestinal mutualistic bacteria play an important role in affecting gene expression of the GI tract, immune responses, nutrient absorption, and pathogen resistance. The standardized microbial cocktail enabled the controlled study of microbe and host interactions, role of microbes, pathogen effects, and intestinal immunity and disease association, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and other inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Also, compared to germfree animals, ASF mice have fully developed immune system, resistance to opportunistic pathogens, and normal GI function and health, and are a great representation of normal mice.
History
The GI tract is particularly difficult to study due to its complex host-pathogen interaction. With 107-1011 bacteria, 400-plus species, and variations between individuals, there are many complications in the study of a normal gastrointestinal system. For example, it is problematic to assign biological function to specific microbes and community structure, and to investigate the respective immune responses. Furthermore, the varying mice microbiome need to be under controlled conditions for repetitions of the experiments. Germfree mice and specific pathogen free (SPF) mice are helpful in addressing some of the issues, but inadequate in many areas. Germfree mice are not a good representation of normal mice, with issues of enlarged cecum, low reproductive rates, poorly developed immune system, and reduced health. SPF mice still contain varying microbiota, just without certain known pathogen species. There is a need in the scientific field for a known bacterial mixture that is necessary and sufficient for healthy mice.
In the mid-1960s, Russell W. Schaedler, M.D., isolated and grew bacteria from conventional and SPF laboratory mice. Aerobic and less oxygen-sensitive anaerobic bacteria are easy to culture. Fusiform-shaped anaerobes and other EOS bacteria are much more difficult to culture, even though they represent the majority of the normal rodent microbiota. He selected for the bacteria that dominated and can be isolated in culture, and then colonized germfree mice with different bacteria combinations. For example, one combination could include Escherichia coli, Streptococcus fecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. salivarius, Bacteroides distasonis, and an EOS fusiform-shaped Clostridium spp.,. Certain defined microflora are able to restore germfree mice to resemble normal mice with reduced cecal volume, restored reproductive ability, colonization resistance, and well developed immune system. So named Schaedler flora, the defined microflora combinations were widely used in gnotobiotic studies.
In 1978, the National Cancer Institute requested Roger Orcutt of Charles River Laboratories, whose Ph.D. mentor was Dr. Schaedler, to revise a new microflora for standardizing all of its isolator-maintained nuclear stocks and strains of mice. In what was named "the altered Schaedler flora", four bacteria of the original mixture were kept from the original "Schaedler cocktail" microflora: the two Lactobacilli, the Bacteroides, and the EOS fusiform-shaped bacterium. Four more bacteria from the microbiome isolates were added: a spirochete-shaped bacterium and three new EOS fusiform-shaped bacteria. Due to the limited technology of the time, not much was known of the specific bacterial Genus and species. These bacteria are persistent and dominant in normal and SPF mice GI tracts. Confirmation of the correct microbiota presence was limited to looking at the cell Morphology (biology), biochemical traits and growth characteristics
Dr. Orcutt lamented that he would have included the Segmented Filamentous Bacterium of the small intestine of mice in the altered Schaedler flora, which is so intimately involved with the host's immune system, if it could have been cultured in vitro. However, to this day, over 40 years later, it still can only be maintained in vivo and eludes being isolated in pure culture.
Bacteria
With the recent advancement in biotechnology, researchers were able to determine the precise Genus and species of the ASF bacteria using sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. The strains identified are different from the presumptive identities. The distribution of the bacteria species in the gut depends on their need of and aversion to oxygen, flow rate, and substrate abundance, with variability based on age, gender and other microorganisms present in the mice. ASF 360 and ASF 361 are Lactobacilli. Lactobacilli are rod-shaped, Gram-positive, aerotolerant bacteria, and common colonizers of the squamous epithelia of the stomach of mice. ASF 360 was thought to be L. acidophilus. However, 16SrRNA results showed that it is closely related to but distinct from L. acidophilus. ASF 360 is a novel lactobacillus species; clustered with L. acidophilus and L. lactis. ASF 361 has nearly identical 16S rRNA sequences to L. murinus and L. animalis. Both species are routinely found in GI tracts of mice and rats. A thorough examination of the two species and strains is necessary to determine the identity of ASF 361 with more confidence. ASF 361 is completely distinct from the L. salivarius that it was believed to be. ASF 360 and ASF 361 colonize in high numbers in the stomach and then slough off and travel through the small intestine and the cecum.
ASF 519 is related to B. distasonis, the species it was mistaken to be before 16S RNA sequencing was available. However, like the previous bacteria, it is a distinct species by 16S rRNA evidence. Bacteroides species are often found in GI tracts of mammals, and included non-motile, Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Recently, many of Bacteroides species are being recognized as actually belonging to other genera, like Porphyromonas and Prevotella. In the case of ASF 519, it belongs to the newly named Parabacteroides genus, along with the bacteria formerly known as [B.] distasonis, [B.] merdae, CDC group DF-3, and [B.] forsythus.
The spiral-shaped obligate anaerobe ASF 457 can be found in small amounts in the small intestine, and in high concentration in the large intestine. This bacterium is related to G. ferrireducens, Deferribacter thermophilus, and Flexistipes sinusarabici. ASF 457 is later named Mucispirillum schaedleri. The species is related to the Flexistipes phylum with iron-reducing environmental isolates.
EOS fusiform bacteria make up the great majority of the authocthonous intestinal microbiota, and are mainly found in the large intestine. They vastly outnumber facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. All four fusiform-shaped anaerobes belong to the low G+C content, Gram-positive bacteria group. ASF 356 is of the Clostridium Genus, closely related to Clostridium propionicum. ASF 502 is most related to Ruminococcus gnavus. ASF 492 is confirmed by 16S rRNA sequences as Eubacterium plexicaudatum, and is closely related to Roseburia ceciola. ASF 356, ASF 492, and ASF 502 are all part of the low G+C, Gram-positive bacteria of the Clostridium cluster XIV. ASF 500 is a deeper branch into the low G+C, Gram-positive bacteria of Firmicutes, Bacillus-Clostridium group, but not much can be found in the GenBank database on this branch of Clostridium cluster
Mouse models
Only mice have been colonized with ASF in experiments, since ASF bacteria originate from mice intestinal microbiome. Germfree mice are colonized by ASF through one of two methods. Pure culture of each living ASF bacterium can be grown in anaerobic conditions in laboratory setting. Lactobacilli and Bacteroides are given by gavage to germfree mice first to establish a microbial environment in the GI tract, which then supports the colonization of the spiral-shaped and fusiform bacteria that are given later. An alternative way is to inoculate the drinking water of germfree mice with fresh feces from cecum and colon of gnotobiotic mice (ASF mice), over a period of four days. The establishment and concentration of each bacteria species vary slightly depending on the age, gender, and environmental conditions of the mice.
Experimental results validate the dominance and persistence of the ASF in the colonized mice even after four generations. The mice can be treated in the same standards as germfree mice, such as sterilized water, germfree environment, and careful handling. Although this ensures the definite ASF propagation in mice intestine, it is labor-intensive and not a good representation of physiological conditions. ASF mice can also be raised in the same conditions as normal mice, because they have addressed the immunological, pathological, and physiological weaknesses of the germfree mice. ASF mice can maintain the eight bacteria species under normal conditions. However, variations in strains of the bacteria and introduction of minor amounts of other commensal, mutualist or pathogenic microbes could occur over time. Isogenic mice that cohabit showed little variation in ASF profile, while litter split among different cages showed divergence in bacteria strains. Once the ASF community are established though, it is highly stable over time without environmental or housing perturbation
Uses in research
ASF can be used to study a variety of activities involving the intestinal tract. This includes the study of gut microbiome community, metabolism, immunity, homeostasis, pathogenesis, inflammation, and diseases. Experiments comparing germfree, ASF, and pathogen-infected mice can demonstrate the role of commensals in maintaining the host health.
Intestinal homeostasis is maintained by host-microbe interactions and host immunity. This is critical for digestion of food and protection against pathogens. Bouskra, et al. studied the regulation of intestinal flora and the immune system. They found IgA producing B cells in the Peyer's patches, intestinal lymphoid tissues and follicles, and mesenteric lymph nodes. They used ASF to test the maturation of lymphoid follicles into large B cell clusters by the toll-like receptor signaling. In another study, the innate detection system generates adaptive immune system to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Geuking, et al. examined the role of regulatory T cells in limiting microbe-triggered intestinal inflammation and the T cell compartment. Using ASF, they found intestinal colonization resulted in activation and generation of colonic Treg cells. In germfree mice, Th17 and Th1 response dominate.
Bacteria microenvironment is very important in the pathogenesis of clinical and experimental chronic intestinal inflammation. Whary, et al. examined Helicobacter rodentium infection and the resulting ulcerative typhlocolitis, sepsis, and morbidity. Using ASF mice, they showed a decrease in disease progression due to colonization resistance in the lower bowel from the impacts of normal anaerobic flora. In another summary, Fox examined the relationship between microbiome of the gut and the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with the infection of ''H. bilis. H. bilis'' is noted to elicit heterologous immune response to lower gut flora, in both activating pro-inflammatory cytokine and dendritic cell activity and probiotic anti-inflammatory activity due to the presentation of mutualist antigens. ASF Lactobacilli and Bacteroides help moderate bowel inflammation in a balanced manner in pathogen infection studies. Beyond the study of bacterial pathogen, microflora community, intestinal immune system interactions and diseases, ASF has been used in experiments examining the transmission of retrovirus. In the paper by Kane, et al., they found the mouse mammary tumor virus is transmitted most efficiently through bacteria colonized mucosal surfaces. The retrovirus evolved to rely on the interaction with microbiota and toll-like receptor to evade immune pathways.
Problems
ASF is not a comprehensive representation of the over 400 diverse bacteria species that normally occupy the mice GI tract. Even in SPF mice, there are many Helicobacter and Filamentous species not included in ASF1. Not to mention the many bacteria that could not be cultured under laboratory settings due to inadequate environment and symbiosis needs. The gut bacteria make up a complex microbial community that supports each other, and the development of the host GI tract and the immune system.
Many bacteria are associated specifically for the production of certain metabolites or signaling pathway that maintains the survival of the microflora. For example, hippurate and chlorogenic acid metabolite level in mice change due to microflora. The synthesis pathway depends on multiple bacteria species, which are not all present in ASF. This limits the bioavailability of nutrients to both host and microbe.
Additional strains of bacteria might need to be added for certain studies with metabolism, pathogenesis, or microbe interactions. It is impossible to study the complete organization of the gut microbiome and all its contributions to the host system, especially with relations to disease development and nutrition, with only eight microbes. Furthermore, there are differences between mice and human microflora. So there are limitations to studies using ASF mice to depict human inflammatory diseases like IBD, arthritis, and cancer. ASF is only a basis for developing hypotheses for mice with complex microflora.
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Jonathan Bailey (bishop)
Jonathan Sansbury Bailey, (24 February 1940 – 9 December 2008) was an English Anglican bishop. He was Bishop of Dunwich from 1992 to 1995, Bishop of Derby from 1995 to 2005, and Clerk of the Closet from 1997 to 2005.
Early life
He was educated at Quarry Bank High School, Liverpool, and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he initially graduated in history before further study in the Divinity School, followed by ordination training at Ridley Hall, Cambridge. His ministerial training included a year as a shift labourer in a steel mill. Ordination as deacon in 1965 then priest in 1966 was to the parish of Sutton, St Helens. Next came three years at St Paul, Warrington the base for the Industrial Mission in the Liverpool Diocese. In 1971 he was appointed the first priest warden of Marrick Priory Residential Youth Centre in Swaledale North Yorkshire, using both the opportunities for outdoor pursuits and a mediaeval chapel, the Centre still offers facilities and programmes for individuals, church groups, schools and colleges.
Priestly ministry
In 1976 he was appointed Vicar of Wetherby, a growing market and commuter town set between Leeds, York, and Harrogate. The post included chaplaincies to HM Borstal Wetherby, where he inaugurated delivery of the chaplaincy by an ecumenical team, and Wharfe Grange Hospital. He chaired the governors of Wetherby High School and was founder chairman of the Wetherby Arts Festival which celebrated its thirtieth anniversary in 2007.
In 1982, John Trillo, Bishop of Chelmsford, appointed him Archdeacon of Southend and his Adviser for Industry and Commerce. The latter brought with it the post of Development Officer for the Essex Churches Council for Industry and Commerce, heading up an ecumenical team of a dozen or more industrial chaplains. He served the diocese as chairman of the statutory Board of Education. During this time he served nationally as a member of the Council for the Care of Churches. Along with two colleagues he shared an initiative to establish and deliver induction training for new archdeacons which developed into a continuing programme of in-service training.
Episcopal career
In 1992 he was appointed Bishop of Dunwich. From then until 2001 he chaired the Finance Committee of the Advisory Board of Ministry with responsibility for raising a budget and the funding of ordination colleges, courses and students.
In 1995 he was appointed Bishop of Derby serving the territory of the City and County until retirement in 2005. Throughout that decade he was a director of the Derby City Partnership and a member of the Governing Council of Derby University, where he was also chairman of the Multi-Faith Centre. In 2006 the University awarded him an honorary doctorate. He took his seat in the House of Lords in 1999. From 2002 he chaired the Churches Main Committee bringing together the mainstream churches and denominations as a liaison body between them and the machinery of government.
From 1997 until his retirement in 2005 he served as Clerk of the Closet to the Royal Household, an ancient title applied to the senior domestic chaplain to the British monarch. Although a largely honorary post (the Deputy Clerk to the Closet carries out the actual duties of domestic chaplaincy), the post does involve presenting new Bishops to the monarch, and recommending names for possible appointment as royal chaplains and priests-in-ordinary.
He was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in 2005 for his services as Clerk of the Closet.
In retirement he served as an honorary assistant bishop in the Diocese of Gloucester, an independent member of the Gloucestershire Police Authority and an honorary foundation fellow of the University of Gloucestershire.
Personal life and death
In 1965, he married Susan Bennett-Jones (who was also ordained in 1994) and they had three sons.
After retirement he was diagnosed with cancer, of which he died on 9 December 2008.
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Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Francisco Nicolás Borras
A distinguished Spanish painter, born at Cocentaina, 1530; died at Gandia, 1610. Going to Valencia at an early age to study under Vicente Joanes, he became that master's most noteworthy pupil. His works in general resemble those of Joanes and some of them are good enough to have been taken for the master's. Entering the priesthood, he was assigned to his native place, where he devoted all his spare moments to painting and acquired such skill that the authorities of the monastery, St. Jerome, at Gandia, employed him to paint the picture for the high altar of their church. He enjoyed his stay at the monastery so much, that taking a great liking to the brothers and their life he determined to ask for no other payment for his work than membership in the order. He received the habit in 1575, and took the final vows the following year. Three years thereafter, Fra Nicolás, in search, perhaps, of an even more austere life, spent some little time with the Capuchins at the Franciscan monastery of San Juan de la Riviera near Valencia. He was soon back, however, at Gandia where he passed the rest of his life painting in every part of the monastery, in the chuch, chief chapel, chapter house, oratories, refectories, and cloisters, leaving twelve altar pieces in the church alone. He also spent his own money in the employment of sculptors and builders for the embellishment of his beloved monastery.
Besides his great labours at Gandia Borras also did much work for churches and religious houses in Valencia, at the capital, and elsewhere. His paintings appeared at the cathedral at Valencia and at the Hieronymite monastery in the city of San Miguel de los Reyes where there was a "Christ at the Column", and a picture of the painter in adoration of "The Holy Virgin". Others were at his native place in the church of St. Stephen, in the Escorial at Aldaya, and at Ontiniente. In the Museum at Valencia there are some fifty paintings by Borras chiefly from Gandia and San Miguel. Among them are "The Last Supper", "Christ Bearing His Cross", "The Dead Saviour in the Arms of the Eternal Father", and "The Archangel Michael Driving Souls into Purgatory and Hell". In the last Borras is supposed to have pictured himself as a white robed monk kneeling on the brink.
AUGUSTUS VAN CLEEF
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Talk:Bad Girls Club season 10
Contested deletion
May be if you add more details and sourses it will be better This page should not be speedily deleted because... (your reason here) --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:50, 15 October 2012 (UTC) this page should not be deleted because we want to know what is going to happen
* Wikipedia is not a speculated website where information is passed on as accurate by unverified content. All information on this article is not supported by a single source and therefore must be deleted since the show consists of living contestants that have yet been verified by any source online. Best, Jona talk to me 22:55, 15 October 2012 (UTC)
Contested deletion 2
This page should not be speedily deleted because... (your reason here) --SwaqqBoi2 (talk) 03:08, 16 October 2012 (UTC)
CAUSE II WANNA KNOW THE NEW BAD GIRLS NAME
* We are not a joint website with Oxygen, this is an encyclopedia not a news source on who is going to be on a specific show. Jona talk to me 12:33, 16 October 2012 (UTC)
ALICIA, VALETINA, NIKKI, JANAE, STEPHANIE,SHANNON, PAULA — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:51, 17 October 2012 (UTC)
Contested deletion 3
This page should not be speedily deleted because... it is not fair to take away a sneak peek on what's to come on the next season of the show. Most people are very predictive to what might occur, but the reactions are worth it. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:09, 16 October 2012 (UTC)
* Sorry, fan speculation is not what Wikipedia is about. Jona talk to me 12:33, 16 October 2012 (UTC)
Deletion Needed
There's an insufficient amount of information needed for this page. Empty tables don't help anyone. The page should be reinstated once Oxygen announces the Season 10 cast. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Recollected (talk • contribs) 22:04, 22 October 2012 (UTC)
What is Nicole's last name?
Someone needs to figure out what her official last name is because it seems like it's a cat and mouse game going on here. 1) Is her last name Vargas and 2) where is the source with this information? It needs to be ironed out because this is a mess and users can get confused with the daily removal/addition to her name. --Recollected (talk) 01:30, 10 December 2012 (UTC)
SUGGESTION
Is this season going to have a duration of cast? I'm just saying you should.. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:21, 10 January 2013 (UTC)
Edit request on 13 March 2013
Please fix In episode 12 it says weather instead of whether
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:24, 13 March 2013 (UTC)
* Yes check.svg Done That whole sentence is terrible but the request as worded is a minor edit. — KuyaBriBri Talk 14:32, 13 March 2013 (UTC)
Edit request on 23 April 2013
they messed up alicia was confronted by rocky, not rocky confronted by alicia, thank you!
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:39, 23 April 2013 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please make your request in a "change X to Y" format. I'm not sure what specifically you're referring to. BryanG (talk) 03:26, 24 April 2013 (UTC)
Edit request on 12 May 2013
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:51, 12 May 2013 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting comment.svg Note: No request was made. -- El Hef ( Meep ? ) 13:35, 12 May 2013 (UTC)
Clean up
Hello editors. I've fixed the article per MOS:TV, yet again. Bare URLs have been filled in, coding had been updated/correct and everything that needs a reference has one. The "Notes" section does not need references because if you watch the show, it is shown to the viewers. I also removed references from the "Notes" section because they were pretty much bogus references. They would lead to the Oxygen schedule page (1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 ) or ambiguous episode summaries from MSNTV - which wasn't helpful at all. – Recollected • 20:22, 16 June 2013 (UTC)
Question from Wikipedia Reviewer who has not seen this show
Is there any reason why that "Duration Of Cast" chart gets changed so frequently? Are those changes ever legitimate, or should they all be treated as questionable? (And if they are sometimes legitimate, how do you know?...without having to watch the show)WQUlrich (talk) 19:24, 24 September 2013 (UTC)
Original Bad Girls
* Age at the time of filming.
Replacement Bad Girls
In each season of the Bad Girls Club, one or more girls will be asked to leave the house either from violence, physical fighting, or will leave on their own accord, which then gives the producers a chance at a new "bad girl" who arrives to the house in a day or two to replace the fellow bad girl.
fake
Megan is fake — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:40, 25 June 2014 (UTC)
wrong cast for season 10
even in the episode recaps you can tell. the names there are not the ones listed in the cast. no valentina, shannon, rocky etc. in the cast but they're in the episode recaps
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 1 one external link on Bad Girls Club (season 10). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131007100619/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/11/14/oxygen-reveals-new-cast-of-%E2%80%9Cbad-girls-club-las-vegas%E2%80%9D-premiering-on-jan-23/110545/ to http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/11/14/oxygen-reveals-new-cast-of-%E2%80%9Cbad-girls-club-las-vegas%E2%80%9D-premiering-on-jan-23/110545/
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ancient Laws of Greece
The result was redirect to Ancient Greek law. postdlf (talk) 18:23, 22 July 2013 (UTC)
Ancient Laws of Greece
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Reads more like an essay than an encyclopedia article. PROD removed by article creator without an explanation. Lugia2453 (talk) 22:35, 17 July 2013 (UTC)
* Delete Personal essay with no structure, nor references. BTW, we have Ancient Greek law, inherited from EB, nearly unmodified. Staszek Lem (talk) 23:29, 17 July 2013 (UTC)
* Delete per Staszek. This would need a fundamental rewrite to be encyclopedic. On a side note, the creator has been blocked for 24 hours, and will be able to participate. (I also agree that the existing article we have above could use some improvement.) I, Jethrobot drop me a line (note: not a bot!) 00:07, 18 July 2013 (UTC)
* Redirect to Ancient Greek law, per above. Ansh666 02:25, 18 July 2013 (UTC)
* Redirect to Ancient Greek law; *slaps head* . Sheesh, I should have known better. I, Jethrobot drop me a line (note: not a bot!) 02:41, 18 July 2013 (UTC)
* Redirect to Ancient Greek law; unsourced essay, mostly PoV about modern law, not Ancient Greek Law. Arjayay (talk) 09:15, 22 July 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Greece-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 02:09, 19 July 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of History-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 02:10, 19 July 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Law-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 02:10, 19 July 2013 (UTC)
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What is the entropy cost when two molecules form a complex?
Biology is driven by molecular interactions. Our understanding of the constant flux back and forth between molecules with different identities is largely a story about free energy differences between reactants and products as all science students learn in their first chemistry course. However, the cursory introduction to these matters experienced by most students casts aside a world of beautiful subtleties that center on the many ways in which the free energy of a molecular system is changed as a result of molecular partnerships. Here we focus on the contribution to the free energy resulting from the entropy changes when molecules bind.
In this vignette, we address a simple conceptual question, namely, when two molecules A and B interact to form the complex AB, how large is the entropy change as a result of this interaction? The free energy has the generic form
G=H-TS,
where H is the enthalpy and S is the entropy.
We see that in a simple case in which there is no enthalpy change, the entire free energy balance is dictated by entropy. If a reaction increases the entropy this means there is a corresponding negative free energy change, signaling the direction in which reactions will spontaneously proceed. A deep though elusive insight into these abstract terms comes from one of the most important equations in all of science, namely,
S = kB ln W
which tells us how the entropy of a system S depends upon the number of microstates available to it as captured by the quantity W. An increase in entropy thus reflects an increase in the number of microstates of the system. Assuming the system has the same chance to be in any microstate, spontaneous jiggling in the space of possible states will indeed lead the system to move to the condition with the most states, i.e. with the highest entropy. At the risk of being clear to only those who had especially clear teachers (a substitute is Dill and Bromberg’s excellent book, “Molecular Driving Forces”), we note that even the term representing the enthalpy change in the free energy is actually also an entropy term in disguise. Concretely, this term reflects the heat released outside of the system where it will create entropy. This effect is included in the calculation of the free energy because it is a compact way of computing the entropy change of the “whole world” while focusing only on the system of interest.
A ubiquitous invocation of these far reaching ideas is in understanding binding interactions. In these cases there is a competition between the entropy available to the system when ligands are jiggling around in solution and the enthalpy released from the bonds created upon their binding to a receptor, for example. When a ligand has a dissociation constant of, say 1 µM, it means that at that concentration, half the receptors will be bound with ligands. At this concentration, the energy released from binding, a gain in enthalpy that increases the number of states outside the system, will equal the loss in entropy, measuring the decrease in states within the system due to binding. When the concentration of a ligand is lower, it means that the ligand in solution will have a larger effective volume to occupy with more configurations and thus will favor it over the energy released in binding. As a result, the receptor or enzyme will be in a state of lower fractional occupancy. At the other extreme, when the ligand concentration is higher than the dissociation constant, the ligand when unbound has a more limited space of configurations to explore in solution and the binding term will prevail, resulting in higher occupancy of the bound state. This is the statistical mechanical way of thinking about the free energy of binding as a strict competition between entropic and enthalpic terms.
What fundamentally governs the magnitude of the entropic term in these binding reactions? This is a subject notorious for its complexities, and we only touch on it briefly here. The entropy change upon binding is usually calculated with reference to the standard-state concentration of c0= 1 M (which can be thought of as a rough estimate for the effective concentration when bound) and is given by ÄS= -kB ln (c/c0), where c is the prevailing concentration of the ligand. Specifically, this formula compares the number of configurations available at the concentration of interest to that when one particle binds to the receptor at that same concentration. We now aim to find the actual magnitude of the entropy change term estimated by using the expression ÄS= -kB ln (c/c0). If ligand-receptor binding occurs at concentration c=10-n M, the entropy change is given by ÄS= nkB ln 10 ≈ 10-20kBT for n≈4-8, i.e 10nM-100µM. Using more sophisticated theoretical tools, this entropy change has been estimated for ligands binding to proteins to have values ranging from ≈6-20 kBT ≈ 15-50 kJ/mol (BNID 109148, 111402, 111419), a range generally in line with the simple estimate sketched above. For protein-protein binding a value under standard conditions of 40 kBT ≈ 100 kJ/mol was estimated (BNID 109145, 109147). These calculations were partially derived from analyzing gases because fully accounting for solvation effects is a big unresolved challenge. Inferring the value from experiments is challenging but several efforts result in values of ≈6-10 kBT ≈ 15-25 kJ/mol (BNID 109146, 111402) for cases ranging from polymerization of actin, tubulin and hemoglobin as well as the interaction of biotin and avidin.
As discussed above, binding is associated with an entropic cost that is offset by enthalpic gain. An important consequence of this interplay is the ability to build extremely strong interactions from several interactions to the same substrate, which are each quite weak. In the first interaction the entropic term offsets the binding energy, creating only a modest dissociation constant. But if a second binding interaction of the very same substrate occurs concurrently with the first one, the entropic term was already “paid” and the associated free energy change will be much more substantial. Consider the case of binding of the actin monomer to the actin filament built of two protofilaments, and thus two concurrent binding interactions. The binding to each protofilament is independently quite weak with a dissociation constant of 0.1 M but the joint dissociation constant is 1 µM, because the ≈10kBT entropic term is not offsetting the binding energy twice but only once. This effect, also referred to in the term avidity, is at the heart of antibodies binding specifically and tightly to antigens as well as many other cases including transcription factors binding to DNA, viral capsid formation etc.
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User:Sevendigits
Hi, I am a nephrologist with extensive miction experience. I also edit on neurology, music, psychiatry and I am starting a project on whether the angels are female or male.
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All About Health And Wellness Press
Are Stem Cell Supplements Appropriate for You?
Feb 7
In recent years, stem cell supplements have gained a great deal of popularity, but it's vital to understand both their potential benefits and any associated risks. Stem cells have been shown to assist the body in producing more stem cells, which aids in maintaining a healthy immune system and fighting off diseases.
In addition, research indicates that stem cell supplements can slow the aging process and even treat age-related diseases. Stem cell injections into the knee are gaining popularity as a technique for people to replenish stem cells in their joints as they age in order to preserve mobility and dexterity. All of this shows that stem cell supplements could allow us to live healthier and longer than ever before; nevertheless, additional research is required before deciding whether or not to utilize them.
How Do Stem Cell Dietary Supplements Function?
Dietary supplements containing isolated or extracted stem cells are stem cell supplements. Stem cells are the master cells of the body, with the ability to differentiate into any type of cell. These potent cells are extracted and isolated by supplement manufacturers, who then combine them with additional substances and package them in convenient, easy-to-consume capsules.
Stem cell therapy is growing in popularity as individuals seek to maximize their stem cell health. Though stem cell supplements are not medications and should not be used to directly treat any ailments, these products are commonly touted for their potential benefits, such as enhanced brain and metabolic health. There is little scientific data to support the assertion that stem cell therapy may have some favorable effects on the body. Before making a decision on the addition of stem cell supplements to your diet, you must conduct extensive research on the pros and cons and consult with your physician.
Stem Cell Supplements Benefits
Stem cells may be able to partially or totally regenerate damaged or aging cells, according to findings from stem cell research. This could result in a variety of possible benefits, including the restoration of cell function, the improvement of age-related diseases, and the maintenance of general youthful health. Stem cell supplements containing adult stem cells have been identified as a possible source of stem cell health benefits.
While the efficacy of stem cell supplements is still hotly debated, it has been hypothesized that they can improve cardiovascular health, optimize digestion, increase energy, and speed up wound healing. With these potential benefits, it may be worthwhile to discuss stem cell supplements with your physician and investigate the idea for yourself.
Adverse Reactions to Stem Cell Supplements
Despite the exciting potential of stem cell generation, stem cell supplementation research is in its infancy. And while some individuals have reported modest side effects such as nausea, dizziness, and headaches after taking stem cell supplements, these symptoms may be a result of the supplement's other contents and not the stem cells themselves.
In addition, stem cell supplementation is not a replacement for traditional medical care; therefore, everyone should take caution before consuming any dietary supplement. If you're considering adding stem cells to your diet, you should always visit your physician first.
Where Can Stem Cell Supplements Be Obtained?
Stem cell supplements are commonly available online and in health food stores, but it is essential to note that they are not all made equal. Some firms have been found to include large levels of pollutants or illegal compounds; therefore, it is essential to conduct research and be attentive about where you acquire these supplements.
When shopping for stem cell supplements, be sure to investigate the components, confirm the company's credibility, and discuss the potential advantages and hazards with your doctor.
Various Forms of Stem Cell Supplements
Stem cell supplements are becoming an increasingly popular choice for stem cell health promotion. Available in a variety of formats, including tablets, capsules, liquids, and powders, these dietary supplements provide consumers with numerous options. It is vital to remember, however, that different types may include different components and encourage distinct stem cell proliferation.
Therefore, it is essential that individuals considering stem cell assistance read labels carefully and conduct research to ensure they get the optimal supplement for their specific needs. In addition, speaking with a physician or other educated health professional can assist answer questions and provide recommendations for the most effective supplement.
How Should Stem Cell Supplements Be Taken?
When taking stem cell supplements, it is essential to adhere to the label's dose requirements. In addition, take the supplement with a meal or snack and lots of water to reduce potential gastrointestinal adverse effects.
Additionally, it is essential to take the supplement at the same time each day for optimal absorption and efficacy. Additionally, if you are taking any other medications or supplements, consult your doctor prior to using stem cell supplements, since there may be possible interactions.
Maintain Routine Exams While Taking Stem Cell Supplements
Taking a stem cell supplement is a great way to maintain healthy stem cells, which is beneficial for your overall health. Nevertheless, proactive monitoring of the efficacy and safety of these supplements is necessary.
Regular checks with your doctor can help ensure that the supplement is operating properly and that any changes to your health or lifestyle are adequately communicated. Using the necessary measures now can spare you the hassle of dealing with potential issues in the future, so make sure to stay informed and keep your doctor informed of your situation when taking stem cell supplements.
Can stem cell supplements aid in the treatment of age-related diseases?
The potential of embryonic stem cells and circulating stem cells has sparked considerable interest in stem cell supplements. Numerous proponents believe that they may help heal or even regenerate cells as we age, resulting in a much improved quality of life. Unfortunately, this idea has not yet been scientifically confirmed; although promising animal research have been undertaken, there are no human studies that support these assertions. Therefore, it is not suggested that you use any stem cell supplement before discussing the potential advantages and hazards with your physician.
Are supplements containing stem cells safe?
When considering dietary supplements, safety is always a consideration. Unfortunately, stem cell supplement safety claims are not supported by substantial scientific research. Although some research on animals have been undertaken, no studies on humans have been conducted to establish the safety of these supplements for general usage.
In addition, a number of companies that promote stem cell supplements sell products with high levels of contaminants. Moreover, it has been discovered that some of these products include prohibited or harmful compounds, such as DMMP and DBP. It is crucial to be aware of the potential risks posed by these unidentified contaminants.
Are Stem Cell Supplements the Correct Choice for You?
You alone can judge whether stem cell supplements are beneficial for you. Before taking any dietary supplement, it is necessary to see a physician and undertake research. Be mindful of any bad effects and combinations with other medications or supplements, and read the labels carefully to ensure that the supplement comes from a reputable company and contains only safe ingredients.
In recent years, stem cell supplements have gained popularity, despite scant scientific evidence of their potential benefits. Before using any dietary supplement, it is essential to conduct research and speak with a physician. Verify that the supplement includes safe ingredients and is manufactured by a reputable manufacturer by carefully reading the labeling. Additionally, it is crucial to receive regular exams and inform your physician of any health changes. You alone can judge whether stem cell supplements are beneficial for you.
Feel free to read this blog post from Denver Regenerative Medicine to get more ideas about stem cell supplements.
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BRIEF-Fitch Says China's Enhanced Asset-Liability Management Rules Positive For Insurers
March 14 (Reuters) - * FITCH: CHINA’S ENHANCED ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT RULES POSITIVE FOR INSURERS * FITCH - CHINESE INSURERS LIKELY TO SHIFT TOWARDS SELLING PROTECTION PRODUCTS, IMPLEMENTING MORE EFFECTIVE INVESTMENT AND LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT APPROACHES * FITCH - EXPECTS CHINESE INSURERS TO ADJUST THEIR PRODUCT MIXES TOWARDS LONG-TERM PROTECTION PRODUCTS * FITCH - EXPECTS CHINESE INSURERS TO OFFER RETURNS TO POLICYHOLDERS THAT ARE MORE SUSTAINABLE, BASED ON INSURERS' OWN INVESTMENT YIELDS Source text : bit.ly/2FWrpQr
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Cryptocarya woodii
Cryptocarya woodii, the Cape quince, is a shrub or small forest tree, native to southern and eastern Africa. Its Latin name commemorates John Medley Wood, a botanist in Natal. From mid summer the tree bears small, inconspicuous flowers. The ripe fruit have a bumpy surface and are shiny, purple-black in colour. When a leaf is viewed against light some minute secretory glands are visible in the vein polygons (areolae). The larvae of Papilio euphranor and Charaxes xiphares breed on the foliage of this tree.
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دانلود مقاله ISI انگلیسی شماره 62693
عنوان فارسی مقاله
یک مطالعه fMRI از بازیابی کلمه در آفازی
کد مقاله سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی ترجمه فارسی تعداد کلمات
62693 2003 12 صفحه PDF سفارش دهید محاسبه نشده
خرید مقاله
پس از پرداخت، فوراً می توانید مقاله را دانلود فرمایید.
عنوان انگلیسی
A fMRI study of word retrieval in aphasia
منبع
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : Brain and Language, Volume 85, Issue 3, June 2003, Pages 357–368
کلمات کلیدی
بهبود؛ آفازی؛ fMRI؛ روانی کلامی
پیش نمایش مقاله
پیش نمایش مقاله یک مطالعه fMRI از بازیابی کلمه در آفازی
چکیده انگلیسی
The neural mechanisms underlying recovery of cognitive functions are incompletely understood. Aim of this study was to assess, using functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), the pattern of brain activity during covert word retrieval to letter and semantic cues in five aphasic patients after stroke, in order to assess the modifications of brain function which may be related to recovery. Four out of five patients had undergone language recovery, according to standard testing, after at least 6 months of rehabilitation. The cerebral activation of each patient was evaluated and compared with the activation pattern of normal controls studied with the same fMRI paradigm. In the patients, the pattern of brain activation was influenced by the site and extent of the lesion, by the degree of recovery of language, as reflected by task performance outside the scanner, and by task requirements. In the case of word retrieval to letter cues, a good performance was directly related to the activation in Broca’s area, or in the right-sided homologue. On the other hand, in the case of semantic fluency, the relationship between performance level and activation was less clear-cut, because of extensive recruitment of frontal areas in patients with defective performance. These findings suggest that the performance in letter fluency is dependent on the integrity of the left inferior frontal cortex, with the participation of the homologous right hemispheric region when the left inferior frontal cortex is entirely of partially damaged. Semantic fluency, which engages the distributed network of semantic memory, is also associated with more extensive patterns of cerebral activation, which however appear to reflect retrieval effort rather than retrieval success.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Things To Consider While Designing Real Time Android Applications
Real Time Android App Development Techhyme
Your apps must play fair with other apps so that they don’t disrupt the user by doing something such as popping up a dialog box when the user is interacting with some activity.
Also Read: Things To Consider When Writing Code For Android Applications
Also, you don’t want one of your app’s activities to lose state when it’s paused, leaving the user confused as to why previously entered data is missing when the user returns to the activity. In other words, you want your app to work well with other apps so that it doesn’t disrupt the user’s experience.
An app that achieves a seamless experience must take the following rules into account:
Don’t drop data
Because Android is a mobile platform, another activity can pop up over your app’s activity (perhaps an incoming phone call has triggered the Phone app).
When this happens, your activity’s void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) and onPause() callback methods are called, and your app will probably be killed. If the user was editing data at the time, the data will be lost unless saved via onSaveInstanceState(). The data is later restored in the onCreate() or void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) method.
Don’t expose raw data
It’s not a good idea to expose raw data, because other apps must understand your data format. If you change the format, these other apps will break unless updated to take the format changes into account. Instead, you should create a ContentProvider instance that exposes the data via a carefully designed API.
Don’t interrupt the user
When the user is interacting with an activity, the user won’t be happy when interrupted by a pop-up dialog box (perhaps activated via a background service as a result of a startActivity(Intent) method call). The preferred way to notify the user is to send a message via the android.app.NotificationManager class.
The message appears on the status bar and the user can view the message at the user’s convenience.
Use threads for lengthy activities
Components that perform lengthy computations or are involved with other time-consuming activities should move this work to another thread. Doing so prevents the Application Not Responding dialog box from appearing, and reduces the chance of the user uninstalling your app from the device.
Don’t overload a single activity screen
Apps with complex user interfaces should present their user interfaces via multiple activities. That way, the user is not overwhelmed with many items appearing on the screen. Furthermore, your code becomes more maintainable and it also plays nicely with Android’s activity stack model.
Design your user interfaces to support multiple screen resolutions
Different Android devices often support different screen resolutions. Some devices can even change screen resolutions on the fly, such as switching to landscape mode.
It’s therefore important to make sure your layouts and drawables have the flexibility to display themselves properly on various device screens. This task can be accomplished by providing different versions of your artwork (if you use any) for key screen resolutions, and then designing your layout to accommodate various dimensions.
(For example, avoid using hard-coded positions and instead use relative layouts.)
Do this much and the system handles other tasks; the result is an app that looks great on any device.
Assume a slow network
Android devices come with a variety of network-connectivity options, and some devices are faster than others. However, the lowest common denominator is GPRS (the non-3G data service for GSM networks).
Even 3G-capable devices spend lots of time on non3G networks so slow networks will remain a reality for a long time to come. For this reason, always code your apps to minimize network accesses and bandwidth. Don’t assume that the network is fast; plan for it to be slow.
If your users happen to be on faster networks, their experience only improves.
Don’t assume a touchscreen or a keyboard
Android supports various kinds of input devices: some Android devices have full “QWERTY” keyboards, whereas other devices have 40-key, 12-key, or other key configurations.
Similarly, some devices have touchscreens, but many won’t. Keep these differences in mind when designing your apps. Don’t assume specific keyboard layouts unless you want to restrict your app for use only on certain devices.
Conserve the device’s battery
Mobile devices are battery powered, and it’s important to minimize battery drain. Two of the biggest battery power consumers are the processor and the radio, which is why it’s important to write apps that use as few processor cycles, and as little network activity, as possible.
Minimizing the amount of processor time occupied by an app comes down to writing efficient code. Minimizing the power drain from using the radio comes down to handling error conditions gracefully and fetching only the data that’s needed.
For example, don’t constantly retry a network operation if one attempt failed. If it failed once, another immediate attempt is likely to fail because the user has no reception; all you’ll accomplish is to waste battery power. Keep in mind that users will notice a power-hungry app and most likely uninstall the app.
Related Posts
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Please enable Javascript to correctly display the contents on Dot Net Tricks!
Directives
Posted On : 05 Feb 2015
Updated On : 10 Feb 2015
Total Views : 9671
AngularJS directives are a combination of AngularJS template markups (HTML attributes or elements, or CSS classes) and supporting JavaScript code. The JavaScript directive code defines the template data and behaviors of the HTML elements.
AngularJS directives are used to extend the HTML vocabulary i.e. they decorate html elements with new behaviors and help to manipulate html elements attributes in interesting way.
There are some built-in directives provided by AngularJS like as ng-app, ng-controller, ng-repeat, ng-model etc.
A simple directive example
<div ng-app="">
<input type="text" ng-model="name">
<div>{{ name }}</div>
</div>
Invoking directive
AngularJS provides you four ways to invoke a directive from HTML. These are all equivalent in AngularJS.
1. Directive as an attribute
<div ng-directive></div>
2. Directive as a CSS class
<div class="ng-directive: expression;"></div>
3. Directive as an element
<ng-directive></ng-directive>
4. Directive as a comment
<!-- directive: ng-directive expression -->
Commonly Used Directives
ng-app
This directive is used to initialize the angular app.
<div ng-app="">
<!-- TO DO: -->
</div>
ng-init
This directive is used to initialize the angular app data.
<div ng-app="" ng-init="name='webgeekschool'">
<div>{{ name }}</div>
</div>
ng-model
This directive is used to bind the html elements like input, select, text area to angular app model.
<div ng-app="">
<input type="text" ng-model="name">
<div>{{ name }}</div>
</div>
ng-if
This directive can add / remove HTML elements from the DOM based on an expression. If the expression is true, it add HTML elements to DOM, otherwise HTML elements are removed from the DOM.
<div ng-app="app">
<div ng-controller="MyCtrl">
<div ng-if="data.isVisible">ng-if Visible</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
var app = angular.module("app", []);
app.controller("MyCtrl", function ($scope) {
$scope.data = {};
$scope.data.isVisible = true;
});
</script>
ng-switch
This directive can add / remove HTML elements from the DOM conditionally based on scope expression.
<div ng-app="app">
<div ng-controller="MyCtrl">
<div ng-switch on="data.case">
<div ng-switch-when="1">Shown when case is 1</div>
<div ng-switch-when="2">Shown when case is 2</div>
<div ng-switch-default>Shown when case is anything else than 1 and 2</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
var app = angular.module("app", []);
app.controller("MyCtrl", function ($scope) {
$scope.data = {};
$scope.data.case = true;
});
</script>
ng-repeat
This directive is used to iterate over a collection of items and generate HTML from it.
<div ng-app="app">
<div ng-controller="MyCtrl">
<ul>
<li ng-repeat="name in names">
{{ name }}
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<script>
var app = angular.module("app", []);
app.controller("MyCtrl", function ($scope) {
$scope.names = ['Shailendra', 'Deepak', 'Kamal'];
});
</script>
Custom Directive
AngularJS also allow you to create your own directives based on your requirements. There is no built-in directive for comparing password in angular. So you can create your own custom directive for comparing password.
Creating Custom Directive Syntax
<script>
//creating custom directive syntax
myApp.directive("myDir", function () {
return {
restrict: "E", //define directive type like E = element, A = attribute, C = class, M = comment
scope: { //create a new child scope or an isolate scope
//@ reads the attribute value,
//= provides two-way binding,
//& works with functions
title: '@'
},
template: "<div>{{ myName }}</div>",// define HTML markup
templateUrl: 'mytemplate.html', //path to the template, used by the directive
replace: true | false, // replace original markup with template yes/no
transclude: true | false, // copy original HTML content yes/no
controller: function (scope) { //define controller, associated with the directive template
//TODO:
},
link: function (scope, element, attrs, controller) {//define function, used for DOM manipulation
//TODO:
}
}
});
</script>
Creating Custom directive for comparing two text box values
AngularJS Custom Directive
What do you think?
I hope you will have better understanding of Directives in AngularJS. I would like to have feedback from my blog readers. Your valuable feedback, question, or comments about this article are always welcome.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Meritage Homes Corporation
Meritage Homes Corporation is a publicly traded American real estate development company that constructs a variety of single-family detached homes across the United States. It is the fifth largest home builder in the United States, based on 2023 home sales. The company also develops active adult communities and luxury real estate in Arizona.
The company is headquartered in Scottsdale, Arizona.
History
Meritage Homes was founded in 1985 as Monterey Homes in Scottsdale, Arizona, by Steve Hilton and William "Bill" Cleverly.
In 1997, the company changed its name to Meritage Homes Corp, and began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MTH.
In 2011, the company unveiled its first net-zero energy homes, in Buckeye, Arizona.
In July 2014, the company acquired Douglasville, Georgia-based Legendary Communities, the owner operator of almost 4,000 home sites, for nearly $130 million.
In 2015, the company promoted its Sierra Crest development in Fontana, CA as California's first net-zero energy community.
In April 2019, the company built its first all-electric, zero-net-energy townhome community, in Irvine California. In December, the Wall Street Journal reported how large home builders like Meritage were targeting millennials by producing a larger number of less expensive, entry-level homes.
Operations
Meritage is headquartered in Scottsdale, Arizona, and divides its operations into four regions: West, Central, East and South. It develops homes for entry level and first move-up buyers, including "net zero" energy efficient homes that provide as much power as they consume. The company trades on the NY Stock Exchange under the symbol MTH, and is also listed in the S&P SmallCap 600 Index.
Awards and recognition
In 2021, the company was listed as one of Forbes' best mid-sized companies, ranking #39 on the list.
For several years they have been a Top 10 home builder according to Builder's Top 100 Home Builder rankings. In 2023, they were the 5th largest builder.
Customer complaints
Multiple customers have reported issues with their single family homes. They have described blue tape, cracks, fissures and issues within newly built homes.
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WIKI
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5 Steps to Reduce Portfolio Volatility
Excessive Portfolio Volatility can be Detrimental to Investing Success
Portfolio volatility refers to the degree of fluctuation in an investor’s portfolio. Volatility and risk are somewhat interchangeable terms. An inconvenient truth on Wall Street is that to make money in the stock market, you must take some risk. As the old saying goes, “there are no free lunches” – no risk, no reward. Investors must accept some degree of volatility. At the same time, too much portfolio volatility can be detrimental to success because it can lead to the following:
Higher Emotions:A volatile portfolio can ratchet up emotions for even the most seasoned investors, causing impulsive and irrational decisions in the heat of battle.
Increases the Risk of Ruin: Large portfolio swings and poor risk management can lead to portfolio blow-ups.
Poor Decision Making: Imagine that you’re a professional boxer and were knocked out in your previous fight. In your next bout, you may be hesitant and not perform at your best. The same holds true for investors who took on significant losses in the past. You may be too risk averse when the time comes to take on risk.
Investing is a Marathon, Not a Sprint
Think back to the classic story “The Tortoise and the Hare”. Ultimately, the tortoise won the race because of his steadiness and longevity. While the story is fiction, the same holds true on Wall Street. As Ed Seykota warns, “There are old traders, and there are bold traders, but there are very few old, bold traders.” Below, I will lay out 5 steps you can take to reduce volatility. Though every step may not be suitable for you, I believe you will find value in reading each.
1. Pay Attention to your “Portfolio Mix”: If your portfolio is too volatile, you should first look at the beta of your stocks. Beta measures how much the stock moves versus the S&P 500 Index. For example, Tesla TSLA, a very volatile stock, has a beta over 2 – meaning it moves two times that of the S&P. Meanwhile, Caterpillar CAT, a slower mover, has a beta of 0.79, meaning it moves less than the S&P. As an investor, you can add more stocks like Caterpillar to your holdings or reduce the position size of high beta names to counterbalance your portfolio. You can find the beta on the Zacks quote page:
Image Source: Zacks Investment Research
2. Implement Risk Management Protocols: Did you know?
A 20% loss requires a 25% gain to return to even.
A 50% loss requires a 100% gain to return to even.
A 90% loss requires a 900% gain to return to even.
Avoid big losses! Never dig yourself into a big hole. Job #1 is risk management and living to trade another day.
Reducing position size and avoiding margin can also help to reduce excessive portfolio volatility.
3. Consider ETFs: ETFs can help you eliminate the risk of owning a single stock. Thursday, software company Box Inc BOX gapped down by more than 15% after a poor earnings report.
Image Source: Zacks Investment Research
Conversely, the iShares Software ETF IGV, which holds a diverse set of software stocks like Salesforce CRM, which beat on earnings, was up on Thursday. While you may miss out on some upside by trading ETFs, you can still gain specific industry exposure and avoid earning landmines like Box.
4. Diversify: Diversification does not only refer to spreading capital out between different sectors. With the advent of low-cost ETFs, everyday investors can get exposure to commodities and international markets with the click of a button. For example, the SPDR Energy ETF XLE allows investors to hone in on energy. Most investors would be surprised to find that international markets such as Argentina ARGT and Mexico EWW are drastically outperforming domestic markets.
Image Source: Zacks Investment Research
5. Hedge: Hedging involves shorting positions or buying puts against your longs. Though you will handicap your gains to some degree if your portfolio does what you think it will, hedging can act as insurance. Just like home insurance, you buy it hoping you don’t have to use it but knowing that it will come in handy if disaster strikes.
Bottom Line
There is much more to investing than trying to pick stocks that go up. Investors can do themselves a service by not only studying the market and individual equities, but by also paying attention to their portfolio volatility and its impact on emotions, decision making, and risk.
Zacks Names "Single Best Pick to Double"
From thousands of stocks, 5 Zacks experts each have chosen their favorite to skyrocket +100% or more in months to come. From those 5, Director of Research Sheraz Mian hand-picks one to have the most explosive upside of all.
It’s a little-known chemical company that’s up 65% over last year, yet still dirt cheap. With unrelenting demand, soaring 2022 earnings estimates, and $1.5 billion for repurchasing shares, retail investors could jump in at any time.
This company could rival or surpass other recent Zacks’ Stocks Set to Double like Boston Beer Company which shot up +143.0% in little more than 9 months and NVIDIA which boomed +175.9% in one year.
Free: See Our Top Stock and 4 Runners Up >>
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report
Salesforce Inc. (CRM) : Free Stock Analysis Report
Caterpillar Inc. (CAT) : Free Stock Analysis Report
Energy Select Sector SPDR ETF (XLE): ETF Research Reports
Box, Inc. (BOX) : Free Stock Analysis Report
Global X MSCI Argentina ETF (ARGT): ETF Research Reports
iShares MSCI Mexico ETF (EWW): ETF Research Reports
iShares Expanded Tech-Software Sector ETF (IGV): ETF Research Reports
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
Zacks Investment Research
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Page:Roman Constitutional History, 753-44 B.C..djvu/248
234 Political Failure of Pompeius. — Pompeius found it advisable to request only that the senate should ratify his arrangements in the East as a whole, and that provision be made for his veterans. He avoided everything that might offend the oligarchy, and tried to ally himself with Cato, but was repelled. For a time his demands were not considered. In the beginning of 60 the senate, influenced by L. Lucullus and others, rejected the first demand and decided that each of his ordinances should be discussed and voted upon separately. This was likely to involve the modification, if not the repeal, of a number of them. Nor did the senate agree to a distribution of land to his veterans. Pompeius then turned to the people and caused a tribune to introduce an agrarian bill. But he lacked political skill and was too vacillating, and his agents were incompetent. The bill met with bitter opposition, and was abandoned.
Political Mistakes of the Oligarchy. — By their short-sightedness and untimely opposition the aristocrats humiliated and alienated the distinguished general, and in fact spurred him on to join their enemies. They also weakened their own position. Through the influence of Cato, the senate made an unsuccessful attempt to bring corrupt jurymen to justice. The thrifty knights highly resented this. Moreover, Crassus encouraged the farmers of certain Asiatic revenues to petition the senate to cancel their contracts because of their losses. But this was not granted. Thus disappeared the mercenary concord of the senate and the knights, on which senatorial supremacy and the existence of the republic depended.
The Rise of Caesar. — Caesar, the recognized leader of the democracy, quickly grasped the political situation and profited by it. He had soon been reinstated as praetor,
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WIKI
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Parse server doesn't free up memory
I just realized this. Parse server uses ram (which is normal) but doesnt release used ram when not using it.
For example this is my parse instances.
rsz_screenshot_from_2020-10-23_22-18-00
CPU usage is 0 or 1 percent most. Parse server is idling (dont know if this is correct word. What I mean is parse server do nothing it just waits).
I dont want my parse app to throw Out of Memory error and restrat itself. Is this expected behaviour?
Also I enabled directAccess. I’ve read somewhere that when enabled directaccess ram goes high but cant remember where I read.
Anyway is this normal?
Edit: Additional information.
Parse doesn’t start with this much ram. When I start parse, it uses 100mb per instance.
There are some caches inside Parse Server that may be resulting in a larger memory consumption. It can be also something related to your cloud code or any module you have installed. And, of course, it can also be a memory leak at Parse Server that we would need to investigate.
You may also want to trace your app with an agent like New Relic to potentially pin down a memory leak. It could be something as simple as a promise in your Cloud Code that is never resolved.
Do you think if I setup a redis cache, this can be resolved? I’ve read that internal caching system has memory leaks. If It doesnt solve the issue, then I will trace memory leaks with new relic.
Also I dont think I have an unresolved promise. My code either resolves or throws error. But I will look at that again.
The memory can be increasing for many different reasons and depending on the reason the redis cache can help. I’d first try to understand why it is happening.
I tried redis cache. When using redis, memory usage never went higher than 400Mb per instance. And when job done(query or cloud code) memory immediatly released. But when using parse internal cache system, memory goes high(like 800Mb or even 1gb) and its keeping that as long as there is more memory to use. But It still releases memory when new cloud code or query executed. It drops 500Mb from 800Mb etc. So Internal cache system doesnt release objects when idling. But free up memory eventually.
This is my observation.
1 Like
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Deep water renewal in a Scottish fjord: temperature, salinity and oxygen isotopes
William E N Austin, Mark Inall
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
30 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
The sea lochs (fjords) of north-west Scotland are located in a region of Europe particularly well situated to monitor changes in westerly air streams. The moisture transported in these air streams has a profound effect on regional precipitation, freshwater run-off and, in turn, sea loch circulation. The gentle slope of the regional salinity:delta(18)O mixing-line, defined as 0.18parts per thousand per salinity unit, suggests that the temperature: delta(18)O relationship may be readily resolved in these coastal waters. Deep-water renewal events, both observed and predicted from empirical models, in the bottom-waters of Loch Etive provide an opportunity to assess the temperature, salinity and delta(18)O relationship. Predicted changes in delta(18)O(calcite) as a function of changing salinity (DeltaS) and changing temperature (DeltaT) during deep-water renewal events suggest that >80% fall above analytical detection limits. The theoretical likelihood of recording such renewal events in the "palaeoclimate" record appears to be promising, but temperature and salinity change during renewal events may have either sign. Scottish fjords, because of the relatively small impact which salinity has on delta(18)O(water), may provide useful study sites in palaeoclimate research, particularly where palaeotemperature is the primary record of interest.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)251-258
Number of pages8
JournalPOLAR RES
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2002
Keywords
• Ecology
• Environmental Sciences
• Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
• Geography, Physical
• BASIN
• Oceanography
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Deep water renewal in a Scottish fjord: temperature, salinity and oxygen isotopes'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
• Cite this
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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0
Here's an interesting question. I am trying to format previous and next links using the following format
<?php previous_post_link('<strong>«</strong>'); ?>
<?php next_post_link('<strong>»</strong>'); ?>
I did this on purpose to not display the post title and make users need to click the arrows in to move on the previous and next post. However, this does not create a link around the arrows and I was wondering if there's a way to accomplish this.
Thanks
Johann
1
See the codex. The first parameter is format, the second is link text.
<?php previous_post_link('<strong>%link</strong>', '«'); ?>
<?php next_post_link('<strong>%link</strong>', '»'); ?>
• There is a typo: > missing in both link formats, after <strong, I cannot edit just 2 chars. @vancoder. – gmazzap Aug 21 '13 at 19:02
• Hi @vancoder, thanks for your code. It worked as a guide (solution is posted down below). – Johann Aug 21 '13 at 19:14
0
At the end, I ended up using:
<?php next_post_link( '%link', '<div class="next-link"> «</div>', false ); ?>
<?php previous_post_link( '%link', '<div class="previous-link"> »</div>', false ); ?>
Which exactly renders the previous and next arrows as links.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Intermittent Application Latency
INFORMATION
Console Link
https://console.qovery.com/organization/1af55cf5-c2a7-4871-b810-541837225c1a/project/f0e699fa-34bd-4c0a-bbe7-785f071d4bd1/environments/general
• Programming language and version, databases used:
NodeJS/MongoDB
ISSUE
We have been using Qovery to run our production servers here for the last month following a major outage in our AWS deployment, for the most part it has been going great. However multiple times throughout the day we see connectivity issues resulting in dropped requests. The issue sounds very similar to: Services latency.
We have spent the past weeks diagnosing (and finding) some application issues to address, all of which failed to have any impact on the issue.
Most recently we have configured DataDog to gain additional insight and with this we now have evidence that points to nginx load balancing as the root cause.
Please consider the following CPU and Memory metrics for our nginx instances during two events:
The large spike at 11:33 and 11:53 correspond to a loss in traffic.
Very eager to here your input on this matter, and if you believe a similar approach is warranted as that discussed in the other thread.
Thank You,
Corey
1 Like
Update, we did end up setting nginx.vcpu.request_in_milli_cpu to a value of 500 and are monitoring today to see if this helps.
Thank you for going forward with this, We missed the notification of your previous message.
Indeed, changing nginx minimum CPU often helps if you are seeing latencies.
Be sure to re-deploy your cluster to apply the setting change. Only updating the setting without re-deploying is not enough.
Thanks, yes we redeployed the cluster after making the change. Will provide an update at the end of the day.
1 Like
Hi @Erebe, thanks again for your help yesterday. Unfortunately we are still seeing intermittent dips in application performance correlated to spikes in the nginx-ingress-controller cpu. Let me make my questions one at a time, apologies if some of these are obvious - this is well outside my area of expertise.
1. You mentioned yesterday that changing the cluster instance type to 8 CPU / 16 GB Ram would save us money. This puts us into a C5/C6 compute optimized EC2 instance, would we expect any performance benefits from the change in addition to cost savings.
2. Do I understand correctly that nginx.vcpu.limit_in_milli_cpu represents the maximum number of mVCPU’s that at nginx-ingress-controller may draw? (Clearly capped at 2000, given our current instance type).
3. Do I understand correctly that nginx.vcpu.request_in_milli_cpu represents the amount of mVCPU’s that the nginx-ingress-controller requests from the Kubernetes Controller?
4. If my understanding on points 2 and 3 are correct then would setting nginx.vcpu.limit_in_milli_cpu: 2000 and nginx.vcpu.request_in_milli_cpu: 1500 be a reasonable “max” given our current instance type?
5. Additionally I note the setting: nginx.hpa.min_number_instances available in the configuration. Do I understand that we can use this to peg the minimum number of nginx-ingress-controllers to a higher number. If so are there any concerns with increasing this to 5 while we continue to investigate a root cause to stabilize the application performance?
6. When I look at this chart which shows DataDog’s system.load metric for one of the nginx-ingress-controller it has a periodic spike in load, is this behavior normal in your experience?
Once again appreciate your insights.
Kind Regards,
Corey
Hi back @Corky3892,
1. You should see some performance benefits as well, but it is hard to tell without benchmarking because it depends on your application/load behavior. If it doesn’t tend to use much CPU and is more Io bound, you would not see much of an improvement.
In any case, the change is not going to make any harm, and you will be able to postpone the decision of your new app resources requirements with real metrics.
2. Indeed, you are right.
3. Also right, the request is what the controller reserves for your app, that’s the minimum guaranteed. And the limit is up to which your app is allowed to go without being throttled. But the limit is not guaranteed, if there are other apps running on the nodes taking CPU at the same time, the kernel is going to apply throttling between all apps. Basically, what is between [request, limit] is not guaranteed all the time. I will discuss it in later point.
4. With your nodes, you can use 1800 (no worries, if the new value is too much it will be rollbacked and the deployment of the cluster fails)
5. A node is not dedicated to a single app, so your nginx is running alongside your applications on the same node. So that would be the reason you see the system load spiking, because some app running on it are using cpu.
6. Still right, it is forcing the minimum nginx to this value. ATM it is 2, and if you set it to 5 you will always have at least 5 nginx instances running.
If you want to put nginx out of the equation to investigate if the issue is not coming from your app. I would
• Dedicate machine to nginx to avoid noisy neighbours. To do that set the request and limit of cpu and ram close to the maximum of your nodes (I.e: 1800 CPU and 6/7G of RAM). The resources requirements will saturate one node, and it will be the single app running on it.
• Increase the minimum instances of nginx nginx.hpa.min_number_instances to sustain your max all the time or go beyond to overallocate and remove it from the equation.
Hopes it helps !
Thanks Erebe,
Great information, let me review this with my team, make some configuration changes and see where we go from there.
Also, as you are running on low-end AWS machines, be sure you are not hitting the network bandwidth/iops limit of those nodes. if it is the case taking bigger instances will fix it.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Ana Célia Costa
março 2, 2023
Activities Affecting the rate and you may Breadth from Respiration
Activities Affecting the rate and you may Breadth from Respiration
Observe it videos more resources for lung amounts and spirometers. Establish exactly how spirometry test outcomes can be used to diagnose breathing illness or dictate the effectiveness of disease cures.
Along with the sky that create respiratory volumes, breathing also includes anatomical dry space, which is heavens that is present in this new airway you to never is located at this new alveoli and therefore never ever gets involved for the gasoline replace. Alveolar dead room involves air located contained in this alveoli which can be unable to operate, like those impacted by disease or irregular circulation. Overall deceased place ‘s the anatomical lifeless area and you can alveolar deceased room together with her, and you may is short for all heavens from the respiratory tract that isn’t being used on the fuel replace process.
Respiration constantly happens instead of believe, regardless if at times you could knowingly handle they, such once you swimming under water, sing a track, otherwise strike bubbles. The brand new respiratory rates is the total number regarding breaths, otherwise respiratory cycles, one to exist per minute. Breathing rate are going to be an important indicator out of condition, once the rate can get increase otherwise disappear during the a disease or into the a disease updates. The fresh new respiratory price is subject to the latest respiratory heart discover within the newest medulla oblongata regarding the notice, and therefore responds mostly so you’re able to changes in carbon dioxide, outdoors, and you will pH membership about blood.
It’s a dose-effect, positive-feedback dating in which the better the latest stimuli, more new impulse
The normal respiratory speed of children decrease off beginning so you’re able to puberty. Children significantly less than 1 year of age enjoys a routine respiratory rate between 31 and you will 60 breaths per minute, but by the time a young child is about ten years old, the conventional rates was closer to 18 in order to 29. Of the puberty, the typical respiratory rates is like compared to grownups, 12 to 18 breaths for each minute.
Ventilation datingranking.net/local-hookup/tampa/ Handle Locations
The latest power over venting is a complicated interplay of multiple nations in the notice one to laws this new looks used in pulmonary venting so you’re able to contract (Table 22.1). As a result, usually a rhythmic, consistent venting price that provides one’s body with sufficient amounts of outdoors, while properly deleting carbon.
Neurons you to definitely innervate the brand new human anatomy of respiratory tract is responsible to possess handling and you can controlling pulmonary venting. The major head centers involved in pulmonary ventilation will be medulla oblongata in addition to pontine respiratory category (Shape twenty-two.3.6).
The fresh medulla oblongata contains the dorsal breathing class (DRG) in addition to ventral respiratory group (VRG). New DRG is actually working in maintaining a steady breathing flow by the revitalizing brand new diaphragm and intercostal looks to help you price, causing motivation. When interest about DRG stops, they not produces the brand new diaphragm and you can intercostals in order to contract, letting them relax, leading to expiration. The latest VRG is actually working in forced breathing, as neurons regarding the VRG turn on the fresh accessory human body on it within the pushed respiration so you’re able to deal, leading to pressed desire. The VRG and additionally makes brand new connection body working in forced termination so you can bargain.
Next breathing cardiovascular system of one’s head is found when you look at the pons, called the pontine respiratory classification, and consists of the apneustic and you will pneumotaxic facilities. The new apneustic cardio try a two fold cluster off neuronal cell government you to definitely stimulate neurons about DRG, controlling the breadth out of determination, specifically for breathing. The fresh pneumotaxic center was a network of neurons that suppress the latest hobby regarding neurons in the DRG, enabling leisure immediately after determination, which means managing the complete rate.
The fresh breathing rate therefore the depth from inspiration are controlled because of the the latest medulla oblongata and you can pons; however, such regions of your head take action responding so you can general stimulus. Hence, expanding stimulus contributes to forced breathing. Multiple general points take part in exciting the mind to produce pulmonary venting.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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EXCLUSIVE-BMW delays next generation Mini due to Brexit uncertainty, costs - spokesperson
spokesperson@ FRANKFURT, Jan 31 (Reuters) - BMW has delayed the development of its next generation iconic Mini as it seeks to cut costs and as uncertainty over Britain's trade relations with the European Union make long-term investment decisions harder, a spokesperson told Reuters. The German carmaker has developed three generations of the Mini since buying the marque from Rover Group in 1994, keeping each vehicle in the market for about six years. The current Mini hatch model, which has been on the market since 2014, is built on the company's technological platform called UKL1. "The lifespan of this platform has been extended," BMW spokesman Maximilian Schoeberl told Reuters. "For cost reasons and because of Brexit." (Reporting by Edward Taylor; Editing by Josephine Mason)
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Joseph Wilkinson
Joseph Wilkinson may refer to:
* Joseph Biddle Wilkinson Jr.
* Joseph Wilkinson, member of Laura (band)
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WIKI
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Use this URL to cite or link to this record in EThOS: http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520594
Title: Resource allocation for the Long Term Evolution (LTE) of 3G
Author: Beh, Kian Chung
Awarding Body: University of Bristol
Current Institution: University of Bristol
Date of Award: 2009
Availability of Full Text:
Access from EThOS:
Access from Institution:
Abstract:
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the next major step in mobile radio communications and is currently introduced as Release 8 in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The new evolution aims to reduce delay, improve spectrum flexibility and further reduce the cost for operators and end users. In order to fulfil the target of achieving high throughput, LTE employs Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as the physical layer transmission technique in the downlink. OFDM is suitable for high data rate transmission in wideband wireless systems due to its spectral efficiency and good immunity to multipath fading. LTE enables multiple user access through an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) scheme. In OFDMA, multiple user access is enabled by sharing the subcarriers among different users. The division of the system bandwidth between multiple users opens up an additional dimension in the frequency domain which can be exploited for diversity purposes. In addition to that, two MIMO techniques are adopted in LTE, namely space frequency block coding (SFBC) and Spatial Multiplexing (SM). The adaptation of the spatial multiplexing technique in LTE creates additional freedom in the resource allocation in the downlink. By employing a transmit precoding technique, spatial layers can be scheduled to different users and an additional layer of diversity in the space domain can be achieved. The additional layer of diversity can further increase the diversity gain that be achieved in the frequency and time domains. This thesis mainly addresses the gain that can be achieved by resource allocation in the time, frequency and spatial domains in LTE. A detailed performance analysis on the physical layer of LTE downlink will be presented for both SISO and MIMO scenarios. A unitary precoding technique is also considered. Some well known and commonly used scheduling and resource allocations algorithms are investigated and presented. In addition to that, several novel scheduling and resource allocation algorithms are proposed and presented. Simulation results have shown that considerable improvement in terms of throughput performance or complexity can be observed. In particular, a diversity gain of up to 10dB can be achieved in the downlink when resource allocation algorithms are employed for a MU-MIMO scenario. In short, this thesis aims to give a detailed analysis on the diversity gain that can be achieved in the OFDMA system and the possible tradeoff between the diversity gain in three dimensions as well as the signalling overhead.
Supervisor: Doufexi, Angela ; Armour, Simon Sponsor: Not available
Qualification Name: Thesis (Ph.D.) Qualification Level: Doctoral
EThOS ID: uk.bl.ethos.520594 DOI: Not available
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:Verner baronets
Biography?
This is a list of six men who lack the notability to have their own articles and there is no justification for the notability of the baronetcy that I can find. I applied sort values to the article and the project banner but suspect that it was wasted effort as the article should be deleted soon. JimCubb (talk) 21:41, 31 October 2009 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Can you stretch your stomach from eating too much?
As an adult, your stomach can expand to hold about 1 quart of food. When you stretch your stomach with a lot of food, it doesn’t stay that way or stretch out. It simply goes back to its previous size once it digests your food. Your stomach is constantly expanding and shrinking to accommodate your food.
How do you fix a overeating stomach?
1. Relax. 1/12. Don’t beat yourself up.
2. Take a Walk. 2/12. An easy stroll will help stimulate your digestion and even out your blood sugar levels.
3. Drink Water. 3/12.
4. Don’t Lie Down. 4/12.
5. Skip the Bubbles. 5/12.
6. Give Away Leftovers. 6/12.
7. Work Out. 7/12.
8. Plan Your Next Meal. 8/12.
What happens when your stomach is stretched?
Bloating is a feeling that your tummy is overly full or stretched. You may also have cramps, burping, diarrhoea, constipation, swelling and a lot of gas. It happens when the organs of your digestive system are stretched, for example when liquid, gas or solids pool in part of your gut.
Can you damage your stomach by overeating?
Yes, there are a couple of reports of people dying from over-indulging. This is very rare, but it happens. One person died from tearing their oesophagus, the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and others have actually ruptured their stomach by over-eating.
How long does it take for your stomach to shrink after eating?
If you have a big meal, your stomach doesn’t magically get bigger and stay that way—it shrinks back down to its previous size in about four hours or less as your food is pushed along to the small intestine, Staller says.
How many pounds can a stomach hold?
How much can your stomach hold? As an adult, your stomach has a capacity of about 2.5 ounces when empty and relaxed. It can expand to hold about 1 quart of food.
How long does bloat last after binge?
Since their organs are still working at full steam, they will need less time for the bloating to subside. In many cases, their stomach goes back to normal in just 2 to 3 days.
How long does bloating last after overeating?
Again, bloat typically goes away on its own within 24 hours, but here are some short- and long-term solutions to help the process along and prevent it from happening.
How do you Debloat fast?
1. Stay hydrated. Sipping water before, during, and after meals can help reduce bloating by flushing excess sodium, which can often lead to bloating.
2. Get some exercise.
3. Give yoga a try.
4. Try peppermint oil.
5. Massage your abdomen.
6. Digestive enzyme supplements.
7. Soak in an Epsom salt bath.
How many cups of food can the stomach hold?
Your stomach can hold up to 4 liters of volume — about 17 cups — but the feeling of satiety is not caused by your stomach being full.
How do I know if I have stretched my pouch?
• Portions have gotten larger.
• You don’t feel as much restriction with food intake.
• You have gained weight or hit a long-term stall.
• You are consuming more than 9 ounces during a meal.
What foods shrink your stomach?
• Beans. “Becoming a bean lover can help you lose weight and whittle your middle,” registered dietitian Cynthia Sass told Today.
• Swap your beef for salmon.
• Yogurt.
• Red bell peppers.
• Broccoli.
• Edamame.
• Diluted vinegar.
Will I gain weight if I overeat one day?
Overeating one day will not have much impact on your weight, but it will surely leave you feeling bloated. You can have an extra slice of your favorite cheesecake occasionally, but do not make this your habit. The next day, return to your fitness routine and everything will be fine.
What are symptoms of overeating?
• Eating unusually large amounts of food in a specific amount of time, such as over a two-hour period.
• Feeling that your eating behavior is out of control.
• Eating even when you’re full or not hungry.
• Eating rapidly during binge episodes.
• Eating until you’re uncomfortably full.
• Frequently eating alone or in secret.
What are the long term effects of overeating?
cardiovascular disease. type 2 diabetes. high blood pressure and high cholesterol. arthritis – especially in weight-bearing joints like knees and hips.
Can a stretched stomach shrink?
Once you are an adult, your stomach pretty much remains the same size — unless you have surgery to intentionally make it smaller. Eating less won’t shrink your stomach, says Moyad, but it can help to reset your “appetite thermostat” so you won’t feel as hungry, and it may be easier to stick with your eating plan.
Why is my stomach getting bigger and hard?
When your stomach swells and feels hard, the explanation might be as simple as overeating or drinking carbonated drinks, which is easy to remedy. Other causes may be more serious, such as an inflammatory bowel disease. Sometimes the accumulated gas from drinking a soda too quickly can result in a hard stomach.
Does pooping make your stomach flatter?
Even though your stomach might appear bigger when you’re bloated, bloating doesn’t necessarily mean you’ve gained actual weight (in terms of body mass). “Pooping can reduce bloating and help you fit more comfortably in your clothes so you feel smaller overall,” says Dulan.
Why is my stomach so big?
If you eat too much and exercise too little, you’re likely to carry excess weight — including belly fat. Also, your muscle mass might diminish slightly with age, while fat increases.
How can I shrink my stomach without surgery?
1. Eat smaller, more frequent meals. Instead of three large meals a day, aim for five “mini-meals” of breakfast, lunch and dinner, plus two healthy snacks.
2. Slow down. Your brain needs 20 minutes to realize your stomach is full.
Can your stomach shrink from not eating?
Sorry, but it’s a myth that your stomach can shrink. We’ve all heard that thing about how cutting back on calories causes your appetite to reset, and how over time, your elastic stomach actually shrinks down, so you fill up on smaller portions. If it sounds ridiculous, that’s because it kind of is, experts say.
Will 4 days of overeating make me gain weight?
Eating 1,000 extra calories a day for five days did not lead to any significant changes in weight, fat mass, or fasting blood sugar levels. But chronic overeating—eating 1,000 extra calories a day over the course of a month—was linked to a fat-mass increase of about 3 pounds, as well as increases in blood sugar.
How do you recover from a day of overeating?
Keeping your body well-hydrated is always a good practice, especially after a binge, because water aids in digestion and reduces bloating. Vavrek recommends sticking with vegetables, fruits and other foods with high-fiber content as well as lean protein the day after a binge.
How much weight can you gain in a week from binging?
So here it is: If you live an entire week avoiding nutrition labels and making gym excuses, you can expect to gain about four pounds—one to two pounds of water weight (bloating) and one to two pounds of actual fat, Glassman says.
Is it normal for your stomach to look bigger after eating?
Fat: Which One Am I? It is normal to feel bloated from time to time – especially after a big meal. It can cause your belly to feel swollen and your pants to feel tight, which can be easily confused with belly fat. But, bloat and belly fat are not the same thing and both need to be treated differently.
Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site!
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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ADOBE EXPERIENCE MANAGER (AEM)
How to Start AEM in Debug Mode
How to start Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) in debug mode for applications running in a remote or local AEM server.
Remote Debugging JVM Parameter
Per the Adobe documentation, to Debug an AEM app using eclipse, start AEM with this JVM parameter
-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=8000,server=y,suspend=n
Option 1
For example, add the parameter to the crx-quickstart/bin/start script CQ_JVM_OPTS environment variable
start
...
if [ -z "$CQ_JVM_OPTS" ]; then
CQ_JVM_OPTS='-server -Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=256M -Djava.awt.headless=true -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=8000,server=y,suspend=n'
...
fi
-z means zero length. for example, if [ -z "$CQ_JVM_OPTS" ]; then means if $CQ_JVM_OPTS is empty. This check is for Option 2 described below.
Option 2
As documented in the start script comments, You can set the CQ_PORT and other variables using the command line when calling the start script. e.g.,
# The following variables may be used to override the defaults.
# For one-time overrides the variable can be set as part of the command-line; e.g.,
#
# % CQ_PORT=1234 ./start
In this example, we’re setting the CQ_JVM_OPTS variable using the command line:
cd crx-quickstart/bin
CQ_JVM_OPTS='-server -Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=256M -Djava.awt.headless=true -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=8000,server=y,suspend=n' ./start
Adobe Resources
Remote debugging the AEM SDK
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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What Does Hard Water Feel Like?
Water is said to be hard when it has a high concentration of calcium and magnesium ions.
Hard water is actually much better at binding with the molecules in soap, allowing us to use less water to wash soap away, and making our skin feel “squeaky clean”.
How do you know if you have hard water?
Signs of hard water in your home include:
• White scaling on faucets.
• Soap scum on tubs and sinks.
• Dingy whites from your laundry.
• Mineral residue left on dishes and glassware.
What makes water hard or soft?
Hard water is water that contains an appreciable quantity of dissolved minerals (like calcium and magnesium). Soft water is treated water in which the only ion is sodium. As rainwater falls, it is naturally soft. On the other hand, soft water tastes salty and is sometimes not suitable for drinking.
Is it OK to drink hard water?
Drinking hard water is generally safe. In fact, it may actually be beneficial towards your health. The benefits of hard water include fulfilling your dietary needs of essential minerals, such as calcium and magnesium.
Can hard water affect your skin?
The primary effect of hard water is skin dryness. The minerals such as calcium, magnesium and iron dry out your skin by clogging the pores. When the minerals present in hard water dry out on the clogged pores, it leads to flaky and irritable skin.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:Pic Nic railway station
Not to be confused with...
Could someone add "Not to be confused with Picnic Platform, original name for disused Kilcunda Railway station." in the proper formatting to the top of this page? 4rkange1 (talk) 04:33, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
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WIKI
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名家
Table of contents
Table of contents
1. Inline code
2. Syntax highlighted code blocks
3. Code blocks with rendered examples
4. Mermaid diagram code blocks
1. Using a local mermaid library
2. Using mermaid with AsciiDoc
5. Copy button
Inline code
Code can be rendered inline by wrapping it in single back ticks.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, <inline code snippet> adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Heading with <inline code snippet> in it.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, `<inline code snippet>` adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
## Heading with `<inline code snippet>` in it.
Syntax highlighted code blocks
Use Jekyll’s built-in syntax highlighting with Rouge for code blocks by using three backticks, followed by the language name:
// Javascript code with syntax highlighting.
var fun = function lang(l) {
dateformat.i18n = require('./lang/' + l)
return true;
}
```js
// Javascript code with syntax highlighting.
var fun = function lang(l) {
dateformat.i18n = require('./lang/' + l)
return true;
}
```
Code blocks with rendered examples
To demonstrate front end code, sometimes it’s useful to show a rendered example of that code. After including the styles from your project that you’ll need to show the rendering, you can use a <div> with the code-example class, followed by the code block syntax. If you want to render your output with Markdown instead of HTML, use the markdown="1" attribute to tell Jekyll that the code you are rendering will be in Markdown format… This is about to get meta…
[Link button](http://example.com/){: .btn }
<div class="code-example" markdown="1">
[Link button](http://example.com/){: .btn }
</div>
```markdown
[Link button](http://example.com/){: .btn }
```
Mermaid diagram code blocks
New (v0.4.0)
Mermaid allows you to add diagrams and visualizations using Markdown code blocks. It is disabled by default. However, you can turn on support for mermaid by adding a mermaid key to your _config.yml.
The minimum configuration requires a version key (matching a version in jsDelivr):
mermaid:
# Version of mermaid library
# Pick an available version from https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/
version: "9.1.3"
Additional configuration options are loaded through _includes/mermaid_config.js. By default, the contents of the file are the empty object:
// _includes/mermaid_config.js
{}
This loads the default settings.
The contents of this object should follow mermaid’s configuration API. For example, to override the theme, change _includes/mermaid_config.js to:
// _includes/mermaid_config.js
{
theme: "forest"
}
Once mermaid is installed, it can be used in markdown files. The markdown for a simple flowchart example might look like the following:
```mermaid
graph TD;
A-->B;
A-->C;
B-->D;
C-->D;
```
which renders:
graph TD;
A-->B;
A-->C;
B-->D;
C-->D;
Note: for demonstration purposes, we’ve enabled mermaid on this site. It is still disabled by default, and users need to opt-in to use it.
Using a local mermaid library
To load a local version of mermaid, also use the path key to specify the location of the library; e.g.
mermaid:
version: "10.1.0"
# for (v10+)
path: "/assets/js/mermaid.esm.min.mjs"
# for (<v10):
# path: "/assets/js/mermaid.min.js"
# Note: copy both `mermaid.esm.min.mjs` (v10+) or `mermaid.min.js` (<v10) and the associated
# `.map` file from the specified version of `mermaid/dist` to `/assets/js/`.
For mermaid versions >=10, this file is imported directly as an ESM module (rather than as a plain <script> tag); users should use the mermaid.esm.min.mjs file. In contrast, for mermaid versions <10, this file is loaded as a script tag; it should be a standalone CJS file (i.e. mermaid.min.js).
Mermaid versions 10.0 - 10.1 (and possibly, future releases) still encode relative imports in mermaid.esm.min.mjs. Local users must copy all of the contents of the dist folder to the specified path (preserving the relative location of the files). Just the Docs is actively monitoring mermaid releases; an upstream fix is planned.
Using mermaid with AsciiDoc
Users of AsciiDoc (e.g. via jekyll-asciidoc) may need additional configuration to use mermaid.
By default, AsciiDoc generates HTML markup that mermaid cannot properly parse. The simplest way to resolve this is to use a passthrough block:
++++
<pre class="language-mermaid">
graph TD;
A-->B;
A-->C;
B-->D;
C-->D;
</pre>
++++
Alternatively, community member @flyx has contributed a Ruby extension that does not require extra markup. The extension is available as a GitHub Gist. Thank you to @flyx!
The asciidoctor-diagram extension which also supports mermaid is not recommended for use with Just the Docs, since it requires separate configuration e.g. for theming, and is known to not be trivial to set up.
Copy button
New (v0.4.0)
The copy button for code blocks can be enabled or disabled via the enable_copy_code_button key in _config.yml. By default, the value of this key is false; users need to opt-in.
# For copy button on code
enable_copy_code_button: true
Note that this feature requires JavaScript; if JavaScript is disabled in the browser, this feature will not work. In addition, this feature uses navigator.clipboard, which is only available in secure contexts (such as over HTTPS). If the site is viewed in an insecure context, the copy button will not work (relevant issue: #1202).
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Author:George Willis Ritchey
Works
* "Changes in the nebulosity about Nova Persei" in Astrophysical Journal, volume 14, pages 293–294 (1901)
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WIKI
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U.S. senators voice concern over Chinese access to intellectual property
WASHINGTON, Feb 13 (Reuters) - Leaders of the U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee said on Tuesday they were concerned about what they described as China’s efforts to gain access to sensitive U.S. technologies and intellectual property through Chinese companies with government ties. Senator Richard Burr, the committee’s Republican chairman, cited concerns about the spread of foreign technologies in the United States, which he called “counterintelligence and information security risks that come prepackaged with the goods and services of certain overseas vendors.” “The focus of my concern today is China, and specifically Chinese telecoms (companies) like Huawei and ZTE that are widely understood to have extraordinary ties to the Chinese government,” Burr said. Senator Mark Warner, the committee’s Democratic vice chairman, said he had similar concerns. “I’m worried about the close relationship between the Chinese government and Chinese technology firms, particularly in the area of commercialization of our surveillance technology and efforts to shape telecommunications equipment markets,” Warner said. Both senators spoke at an annual hearing of the panel where leaders of U.S. spy agencies testify about worldwide threats. Several U.S. lawmakers have been focusing recently on Chinese technology firms. Last week, two other Republican senators - Marco Rubio and Tom Cotton - introduced legislation that would block the U.S. government from buying or leasing telecommunications equipment from Huawei Technologies Co Ltd or ZTE Corp, citing concern the Chinese companies would use their access to spy on U.S. officials. The companies did not return calls last week seeking comment on the legislation. In 2012, they were the subject of a U.S. investigation into whether their equipment provided an opportunity for foreign espionage and threatened critical U.S. infrastructure - something they have consistently denied. (Reporting by Patricia Zengerle and Doina Chiacu; Editing by Frances Kerry)
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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USAT St. Mihiel
St. Mihiel was a troopship built for the United States Shipping Board by the American International Shipbuilding Corporation at Hog Island, Pennsylvania. The ship was operated from 1922 until mid-1940 as USAT St. Mihiel by the Army Transport Service. In July 1941 the ship was transferred to the Navy which commissioned her USS St. Mihiel with the hull number AP-32. In November 1943, she was transferred back to the Army and converted into the hospital ship, USAHS St. Mihiel.
Construction
St. Mihiel, named in honor of the Army's role in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel in World War I, was an EFC Design 1024 ship built by the American International Shipbuilding Corporation at Hog Island, Pennsylvania for the United States Shipping Board (USSB). During the planning stage names for the 120 ships to be built at Hog Island were selected by First Lady Edith Wilson who selected names based on the "aboriginal inhabitants of the United States" with Sinnemahoning being the prospective name for hull number 672 that was to be completed as St. Mihiel.
The design was for either a troopship or later use as a passenger/cargo ship with a contracted seventy vessels of the type with fifty-eight cancelled and only twelve built. The ship was launched 19 November 1919 with completion and delivery to the USSB in October 1920 with United States Official Number 220739. The ship was 448 ft in length between perpendiculars, 58 ft beam, 28 ft loaded draft and powered by a Curtis steam turbine divided into high and low pressure sections, each having three ahead and one astern stages, and double reduction gears rated at 6,000 horsepower provided by General Electric Company.
Army transport
The newly built ship was transferred to the War Department on 29 October 1920 for operation with the Army Transport Service (ATS) homeported at the Brooklyn Army Base in New York. Until 1923 St. Mihiel generally ran between the New York Port of Embarkation and Antwerp, Belgium. After transporting the last United States troop contingent from Germany from Antwerp in January 1923 she was assigned the New York—San Juan, Puerto Rico—Panama until 1926. During this period of Atlantic service St. Mihiel was awarded the Army's Efficiency (“E”) pennant for Atlantic transports in 1922, transported the 213th Coast Artillery from New York to Fort Monroe for summer training and engaged in hurricane relief operations at San Juan during September 1928.
St. Mihiel was transferred to the ATS Pacific Fleet and homeported at the San Francisco Port of Embarkation, Fort Mason, California where she was placed on the San Francisco—Honolulu—Panama—New York route during 1931 and 1932 until laid up at Fort Mason 16 November 1932. In April 1935 the ship was returned to service for the transport of 287 Midwestern farm families on relief during the depression to Alaska to establish a new life. The ship was again laid up between 28 July 1939 and 15 Sep 1939 at Brooklyn with the crew transferred to USAT Leonard Wood. St. Mihiel operated on the Alaska route until transfer to the Navy.
Navy service
On 22 July 1941 the ship was transferred to the Navy, classed as a transport with hull number AP-32, and commissioned as USS St. Mihiel the same day. St. Mihiel continued to perform the same Alaska service as she had for Army after commissioning. In July 1942, she transported the wreckage of the Akutan Zero to San Diego, which became first flyable Zero fighter acquired by the United States during the war.
Into 1943, she called regularly at ports on mainland Alaska and in the eastern Aleutians. In May 1943, she participated in the occupation of Attu; then resumed more routine transport duties. On 9 September 1943 she headed south to San Francisco. On the 23rd, she steamed west to Hawaii and from there began her last voyage for the Navy. Transiting the Panama Canal in mid-October, she steamed on to Boston, where she was decommissioned on 16 November 1943. St. Mihiel received one battle star for her service during the occupation of Attu: May 11–29, 1943.
Return to Army service
St. Mihiel was returned to the Army which converted her to the Army hospital ship USAHS St. Mihiel. The ship had been considered for use as a full hospital ship for Army use in November of 1940 as the United States acquired remote bases without hospital facilities but transport needs prevailed. In June 1943 a plan for Army hospital ships was revived for the evacuation of helpless patients from forward area hospitals to the United States with St. Mihiel again among those chosen. The ship was converted with a capacity for 504 patients making the first voyage as USAHS St. Mihiel on 10 May 1944 for North Africa.
Post war
The ship reverted to transport service in 1946. On 28 October 1947 she was delivered to United States Maritime Commission and laid up until scrapped at Baltimore by Patapsco Scrap Company in 1957.
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 47 Part 1.djvu/322
298 72d CONGRESS. SESS. I. CHS. 236,239,240 . JUNE 10,11,1932. June 10,1932. [H. J. Res. 305.1 [Pub. Res., No . 24.] Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Meridian Hi ll Park, United States of America in Conress assembled, That the Director bilut of armulary of Public Buildings and Public * Parks of the National Capital is spbere for, accepted. authorized to accept on behalf of the United States the gift of an armillary sphere designed by C. Paul Jennewein to be placed in Meridian Hill Park in the District of Columbia. The United States shall be put to no expense in connection with such gift. The plan, design, and location of such sphere shall be subject to the approval of the National Commission of Fine Arts. Approved, June 10, 1932. No Federal expense. Approval of Fi ne Ar ts Commission. June 11, 1932. [S. 3765.1 (Public. No. 165 .1 American Legion . Loan of Army cots, etc ., for annual con- vention of, at Portland, Or eg . Prod 805. No Federal expense . Bond required. June 11, 1932. (H. R. 5052.1 (Public, No. 166 .] Juneau, Ala ska. Fund s fr om bond sale for sewer or street improvement . Vol . 43, p . 85 9, amended . Supervision of Com- mon Council . [CHAPTER 236.] JOINT RESOLUTION For the improvement of Meridian Hill Park. [CHAPTER 239 .1 AN ACT To authorize the Secretary of War to lend War Department equipment for use at the fourteenth national convention of the American Legion at Portland, Oregon, during the month of September, 1932 . Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States o f America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War is authorized to len d at his discretion, to the Oregon National Convention Commission of the American Legion, for use at the four- teenth national convention of the American Legion to be held at Portland, Oregon, in the month of September, 1932, twenty thousand cots, forty thousand blankets, forty thousand bed sheets, twenty thousand pillows, twenty thousand pillowcases, and twenty thousand mattresses or bed sacks : Provided, That no expense shall be caused the United States Government by the delivery and return of said property, the same to be delivered at such time prior to the holding of the said convention as may be agreed upon by the Secretary of War a nd th e Ore gon Natio nal C onve ntion Comm issio n of the Amer- ican Legion, through the executive vice president of the Oregon National Convention Commission of the American Legion, Ben F. Dorris : Provided further, That the Secretary of War before deliv- erinl said property, shall take from the said Oregon iNational Con- vention Commission of the American Legion a good and sufficient bond for the safe return of said property in good order and condi- tion, and the whole without expense to the United States. Approved, June 11. 1932 . [CHAPTER 240.1 AN ACT To authorize the incorporated town of Juneau, Alaska to u se the funds arising from the sale of bonds in pursuance to the Act of (5ongress of February 11, 1 9 2 5, for the purpose either of improving the sewerage system of said town or of constructing permanent streets in said town, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the incor- porated town of Juneau, Alaska, is hereby authorized and, em- powered to us e the funds arisin g from the sa le of bonds issued in accorda nce wi th the provi sions of the Act of Congr ess of Febru ary 11, 1925, for the, purpose either of improving the sewerage system of said town or of constructing permanent streets in said town . Slav . 2 . That the Common Council of said town is hereby author- ized to direct the amount, if any, of the funds arising from said bonds that shall be used for either or both of said purposes . Approved, June 11, 1932.
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David PATCHAK, Plaintiff, v. Sally JEWELL, in her official capacity as Secretary of the United States Department of the Interior, et al., Defendants, and Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians, Intervenor-Defendant.
Civil Action No. 08-1331 (RJL)
United States District Court, District of Columbia.
Signed June 16, 2015
Filed June 17, 2015
Catharine E. Edwards, Sharon Yvette Eubanks, Edwards Kirby, LLP, Tobey B. Marzouk, Marzouk & Parry PLLC, Washington, DC, John R. Edwards, Edwards Kirby, LLP, Raleigh, NC, Bruce A. Courtade, Gregory G. Timmer, Rhoades McKee, Grand Rapids, MI, for Plaintiff.
Gina L. Allery, Patricia Miller, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for Defendants.
Conly J. Schulte, Fredericks Peebles & Morgan LLP, Louisville, CO, Shilee Therkelsen Mullin, Spencer Fane Britt & Browne LLP, Omaha, NE, for Intervenor Defendant.
. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 25(d), if a public officer named as a party to an action in his official capacity ceases to hold office, the court will automatically substitute that officer’s successor. Accordingly, the Court substitutes Sally Jewell, the current Secretary of the Interior for the former Secretary, Ken Salazar.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
RICHARD J. LEON, United States District Judge
This case is before the Court on remand from the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia and the Supreme Court of the United States. Plaintiff David Patchak (“plaintiff’) is challenging the Secretary of the Interior’s (“Secretary”) decision to take into trust two parcels of land in Allegan County, Michigan, on behalf of the Intervenor-Defendant Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians (the “Tribe”) pursuant to the Indian Reorganization Act (“IRA”), 25 U.S.C. § 465. In a Verified Complaint filed on August 1, 2008, plaintiff sought an injunction barring the Secretary from taking the land into trust, claiming that the Secretary lacked authority to do so under the IRA. Compl. ¶ 28 [Dkt. # 1]. This Court dismissed the case for lack of standing on August 20, 2009. Mem. Op. [Dkt. #56]. Following remand by the Supreme Court, both parties filed motions for summary judgment. Presently before the Court are Plaintiffs Motion to Strike the Administrative Record Supplement [Dkt. # 76], Intervenor-Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment [Dkt. # 78], Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment [Dkt. # 80], and Plaintiffs Unopposed Motion to File Consolidated Reply Brief and to Exceed Page Limits Specified by Local Rule [Dkt. #89]. Upon consideration of the parties’ pleadings, the relevant case law, and the entire record herein, this Court DENIES Plaintiffs Motion to Strike the Administrative Record Supplement, GRANTS Plaintiffs Unopposed Motion to File Consolidated Reply Brief and to Exceed Page Limits Specified by Local Rule, DENIES Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment, and GRANTS Intervenor-Defendanfs Motion for Summary Judgment.
BACKGROUND
This Opinion represents the latest chapter in plaintiffs quest to enjoin a gaming casino in Allegan County, Michigan. This case’s history is, to say the least, lengthy, and the Court, for the sake of economy, recounts only those portions necessary to its holding.
I. Statutory Framework
Since the 1800s, Congress has enacted various statutes to regulate Indian affairs. One such initiative, the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, was “designed to improve the economic status of Indians by ending the alienation of tribal land and facilitating tribes’ acquisition of additional acreage.” See 1-1 Cohen’s Handbook of Federal Indian Law § 1.05. Its animating purpose was therefore to “establish machinery whereby Indian tribes would be able to assume a greater degree of self-government, both politically and economically.” Morton v. Mancari, 417 U.S. 535, 542, 94 S.Ct. 2474, 41 L.Ed.2d 290 (1974). To that end, the IRA authorizes the Secretary “to acquire ... any interest in lands” on behalf of groups that meet the statutory definition of “Indians.” See 25 U.S.C. § 465. The IRA defines “Indians” as “all persons of Indian descent who are members of any recognized Indian tribe now under Federal jurisdiction.” .25 U.S.C. § 479. Land acquired pursuant to the IRA “shall be taken in the name of the United States in trust for the Indian tribe or individual Indian for which the land is acquired,” 25 U.S.C. § 465, and may be designated as part of the Tribe’s official reservation, id. at § 467.
Like the IRA, the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1998 (the “IGRA”) was enacted to promote “tribal economic development, self-sufficiency, and strong tribal governments.” 25 U.S.C. § 2702(1). To facilitate this goal, the IGRA provides “a statutory basis for the operation of gaming by Indian tribes,” id. and allows gaming on land that was taken into trust as part of the “initial reservation of an Indian tribe acknowledged by the Secretary under the Federal acknowledgment process,” 25 U.S.C. § 2719(b)(1)(B). A tribe may be formally acknowledged if it can “establish a substantially continuous tribal existence” and has “functioned as [an] autonomous entitfy] throughout history until the present.” See 25 C.F.R. § 83.3(a).
II. Factual Background
The Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians is now a federally-recognized Indian tribe. Compl. ¶ 18. But this was not always the case. The Tribe, though in existence for over two centuries, has endured a lengthy struggle for federal recognition. It was initially recognized by the federal government between 1795 and 1855, during which time it was party to no fewer than sixteen treaties with the United States. Compl. ¶ 15; AR001987. This recognition was, however, short-lived. Beginning in 1855, the Tribe fell victim to a slew of federal policies that divested the Tribe of both its ancestral lands and its sovereign .status. See Compl. ¶¶ 16-17.
The Tribe remained dispossessed for much of the 20th century. See Compl. ¶ 16-18. In 1998, after decades of landlessness, the Tribe sought to reinstate its sovereign status under the modern federal acknowledgment procedures. Compl. ¶ 18. It succeeded. On October 23, 1998, the Secretary of the Interior proclaimed the Tribe an “Indian tribe within the meaning of Federal law,” thus entitling the Tribe, and its members, to a bevy of federal protections. See 63 Fed.Reg. 56936-01 (1998).
In 2001, shortly after receiving federal acknowledgment, the Tribe identified a 147-acre tract of land in the Township of Wayland, Michigan, (“the Bradley Tract”) that it wished to acquire as its “initial reservation” under the IRA. See AR001438. In its ensuing trust application, the Tribe requested permission to construct and operate a 193,500 square foot gaming and entertainment facility on the Bradley Tract. AR001445. The Tribe prevailed, and on May 13, 2005, the Department of the Interior issued a Notice of Final Agency Determination accepting the Bradley Tract into trust to “be used for the purpose of construction and operation of a gaming facility.” 70 FecLReg. 25596-02 (May 13, 2005). In January 2009, the Secretary formally acquired the Bradley Tract on the Tribe’s behalf. Decl. Chairman David K. Sprague Supp. IntervenorDef.’s Mot. Summ. J. (“Sprague Decl.”) ¶ 14 [Dkt. # 78-1]. Thereafter, the Tribe incurred approximately $195,000,000 in debt to develop the land. Sprague Decl. ¶ 18. Its efforts culminated in the opening of the Gun Lake Casino on February 10, 2011. Sprague Decl. ¶ 19.
III. Procedural Background
Plaintiff filed the present lawsuit on August 1, 2008 under section 702 of the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”), arguing that because the Tribe was not formally recognized when the IRA was enacted in June 1934, the Secretary lacked authority to take the Bradley Tract into trust. Compl. ¶¶ 25-28. On August 19, 2009, I dismissed this action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Mem. Op. [Dkt. # 56]. Plaintiff appealed to our Circuit Court, which reversed and held that plaintiff indeed had standing to pursue his action. See Patchak v. Salazar, 632 F.3d 702 (D.C.Cir.2011). On June 18, 2010, the United States Supreme Court áffirmed the Circuit Court’s decision and remanded the case to this Court for adjudication on the merits of plaintiffs suit. See Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians v. Patchak, — U.S. —, 132 S.Ct. 2199, 183 L.Ed.2d 211 (2012).
Since this case was remanded, two events have altered the legal landscape. First, on September 3, 2014, the Secretary issued an Amended Notice of Decision concerning the Tribe’s fee-to-trust application for two other parcels of land it sought to acquire. SAR000617-58. In so doing, the Secretary expressly considered, and confirmed, its authority under the IRA to take land into trust on behalf of the Tribe. See SAR000650 (“The [Tribe] unquestionably was under federal jurisdiction prior to 1934____ [And] the [Tribe’s] under federal jurisdiction status remained intact in and after 1934.”). Second, on September 26, 2014, President Obama signed into law the Gun Lake Trust Land Reaffirmation Act (the “Gun Lake Act” or “the Act”). Pub.L. No. 113-179, 128 Stat.1913, Sec. 2(a)-(b). The Act, which bears directly on the instant case, declares as follows:
(a) IN GENERAL. — The land taken into trust by the United States for the benefit of the Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians and described in the final Notice of Determination of the Department of the Interior (70 Fed.Reg. 25596 (May 13, 2005)) is reaffirmed as trust land, and the actions of the Secretary of the Interior in taking that land into trust are ratified and confirmed.
(b) NO CLAIMS. — Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an action (including an action pending in a Federal court as of the date of enactment of this Act) relating to the land described in subsection (a) shall not be filed or maintained in a Federal court and shall be promptly dismissed.
Pub.L. No. 113-179, 128 Stat.1913, Sec. 2(a)-(b).
Thereafter, on October 31, 2014, the parties filed motions for summary judgment. For the following reasons, the Court GRANTS Intervenor-Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment and DENIES Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment.
DISCUSSION
Plaintiff would have this Court disregard the Gun Lake Act and proceed directly to the merits of his challenge. I decline to do so. Because the Gun Lake Act purports to moot plaintiffs case, it is hard to see how it can be ignored. To disregard it entirely would, moreover, violate the usual principle that a court is to apply the law in effect at the time it rules. See Landgraf v. USI Film Prod., 511 U.S. 244, 264, 114 S.Ct. 1483, 128 L.Ed.2d 229 (1994).
As a fallback position, plaintiff argues that the Act is void because it violates numerous constitutional provisions, including separation of powers principles, the First Amendment Right to Petition, Fifth Amendment Due Process, and the ban on Bills of Attainder. See Pl.’s Mem. Supp. Mot. Summ. J. (“Pl.’s. Mem.”) at 25-39 [Dkt. # 80-1], For the reasons discussed herein, I reject each of these arguments and find that the Gun Lake Act is constitutional and, further, that it moots plaintiffs case.
I. APA REVIEW
Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction and may not reach the merits of a case absent jurisdiction to do so. Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env’t, 523 U.S. 83, 101, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998). Plaintiff brings his suit pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act, which entitles any person “adversely affected or aggrieved by [an] agency action” to judicial review. See 5 U.S.C. § 702. As the APA makes clear, there is a “strong presumption” of reviewability of agency decisions. Bowen v. Mich. Acad. of Family Physicians, 476 U.S. 667, 670, 106 S.Ct. 2133, 90 L.Ed.2d 623 (1986). This presumption, “like all presumptions,” may “be overcome by ... specific language or specific legislative history that is a reliable indicator of congressional intent.” Id. at 673, 106 S.Ct. 2133 (quoting Block v. Cmty. Nutrition Inst., 467 U.S. 340, 349, 104 S.Ct. 2450, 81 L.Ed.2d 270 (1984)); see 5 U.S.C. § 701(a) (limiting judicial review to the extent that a federal statute “precluded] judicial review” or the “agency action is committed to agency discretion by law”). Once that presumption is overcome, courts may venture no further into the merits of the case. “For a court to pronounce upon the meaning” of federal action when “it has no jurisdiction to do is, by very definition, for a court to act ultra vires.” See Steel Co., 523 U.S. at 101-02, 118 S.Ct. 1003. Such is the case here.
Section 2(b) of the Gun Lake Act states that “no claims” regarding the Secretary’s decision to take the Bradley Tract into trust shall be “maintained in a Federal court.” See Pub.L. No. 113-179, 128 Stat.1913, Sec. 2(b). Section 2(b) tracks, moreover, section 2(a)’s ratification of the Secretary’s decision, leaving no doubt that Congress intended to have the final word. See id. This intent is born out in the legislative history. The House Committee on Natural Resources stated, for example, that the Act, if passed, “would void a pending lawsuit [by neighboring landowner David Patchak] challenging the lawfulness of the Secretary’s original action to acquire the Bradley Property.” H.R. Rep. 113— 590 (2014). The Senate Committee on Indian Affairs agreed that the Act “would prohibit any lawsuits” related to the “lands taken into trust by the Department of the Interior (DOI) for the benefit of the Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians in the state of Michigan.” S. Rep. 113-194 at 3 (2014). Taken together, the Act’s plain language and legislative history manifest a clear intent to moot this litigation. Barring some constitutional infirmity, this Court therefore lacks jurisdiction to reach the merits of plaintiffs claim.
II. Constitutionality Of The Gun Lake Act
While Congress may have removed this Court’s jurisdiction over plaintiffs APA claim, it did not foreclose consideration of the Gun Lake Act’s constitutionality. Indeed, section 2(b) only withdraws judicial review of “action[s] relating to” the Secretary’s acquisition of the Bradley Tract. See Pub.L. No. 113-179, 128 Stat.1913, Sec. 2(b). Nothing in the Act bars consideration of constitutional challenges to Congress’s action, and the Court declines to construe it in such a fashion. Absent such an impediment, the Court may address plaintiffs constitutional challenges.
The Court’s limited jurisdiction does not, however, guarantee plaintiff a victory. Quite the opposite is true. Federal statutes are presumptively constitutional, Bowen v. Kendrick, 487 U.S. 589, 617, 108 S.Ct. 2562, 101 L.Ed.2d 520 (1988), and litigants challenging a statute’s constitutionality bear an “extremely heavy burden,” United States v. Turner, 337 F.Supp. 1045, 1048 (D.D.C.1972). Only “the most compelling constitutional reasons” may justify invalidating “a statutory provision that has been approved by both Houses of Congress and signed by the President.” Mistretta v. United States, 488 U.S. 361, 384, 109 S.Ct. 647, 102 L.Ed.2d 714 (1989) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Unfortunately for plaintiff, I find that he has not surmounted this burden and, accordingly, uphold the Act.
A. Separation of Powers
Plaintiff argues that the Act raises two separation of powers concerns. Plaintiff first contends that section 2(b) infringes the role of the judiciary by requiring dismissal of this action. See Pl.’s Mem. at 26-32. Plaintiff next argues that by reaffirming the Secretary’s May 2005 decision to take the Bradley Tract into Trust, section 2(a) unlawfully imposes Congress’s “own interpretation of the IRA” on the federal courts. See PL’s Consol. Reply Defs.’ & Intervenor-Def.’s Opp’n to PL’s Mot. Summ. J. (“PL’s Reply”) at 31 [Dkt. # 90]. For the reasons discussed below, I find both arguments unavailing.
Plaintiffs first contention presents a thorny legal issue. The Constitution prohibits the legislature from coopting the judiciary’s function. The seminal case on this issue is United States v. Klein, 80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 128, 20 L.Ed. 519 (1871). There, the executor of a Confederate estate sought to recover property seized by the Union army during the Civil War. In his suit, the executor relied on a statute permitting recovery for landowners that were loyal to the Union, proof of which was satisfied by receipt of a Presidential pardon. Id. at 131-32. After the plaintiff recovered in the Court of Claims, Congress passed a statute directing courts to construe proof of a Presidential pardon as proof of disloyalty and, further, to dismiss, for lack of jurisdiction, any cases in which proof of a Presidential pardon was submitted. Id. at 133-34. Faced, on appeal, with a statute that dictated how it was to adjudicate claims of Union loyalty, the Supreme Court declared the statute unconstitutional and refused to give effect to an Act of Congress that “prescribe[d] rules of decision to the Judicial Department of the government in cases pending before it.” See id. at 146.
Although Klein establishes limits on legislative power, it simply “cannot be read as a prohibition against Congress’s changing the rule of decision in a pending case, or (more narrowly) changing the rule to assure a pro-government outcome.” Nat’l Coalition to Save Our Mall v. Norton, 269 F.3d 1092, 1096 (D.C.Cir.2001). To preserve the balance of federal power, Klein’s progeny have clarified that the Constitution is not offended when Congress amends substantive federal law, even if doing so affects pending litigation. See Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc., 514 U.S. 211, 218, 115 S.Ct. 1447, 131 L.Ed.2d 328 (1995) (Congress may “amend[ ] applicable law” in a way that impacts the outcome of a pending case without violating Klein (internal quotation marks omitted)); see also Miller v. French, 530 U.S. 327, 348-50, 120 S.Ct. 2246, 147 L.Ed.2d 326 (2000) (finding no separation of powers issue where a statute “simply impose[d] the consequences of the court’s application of the new legal standard”); Robertson v. Seattle Audubon Soc’y, 503 U.S. 429, 441, 112 S.Ct. 1407, 118 L.Ed.2d 73 (1992) (finding no separation of powers violation where a statute “amend[ed] [the] applicable law”). Although the line between a permissible “amendment” of the underlying law and an impermissible “rule of decision” remains unclear, federal statutes do not run afoul of Klein as long as they refrain from “directing] any particular findings of fact or applications of law, old or new, to fact.” See Robertson, 503 U.S. at 438, 112 S.Ct. 1407.
One “sure precept” emerges from this legal thicket: “a statute’s use of the language of jurisdiction cannot operate as a talisman that ipso facto sweeps aside every possible constitutional objection.” Nat’l Coalition to Save Our Mall, 269 F.3d at 1096. Yet because Congress may “impose new substantive rules on suits” that were not “resolved on the merits when Congress acted,” courts faced with Klein challenges must tread lightly indeed. See id. at 1097.
Plaintiff argues that section 2(b) of the Gun Lake Act violates Klein because it mandates dismissal and, as a consequence, dictates a rule of decision. See Pl.’s Mem. at 26-32. Plaintiff is correct that dismissal has the same practical effect as a judgment on the merits — it compels a favorable disposition for defendants. There is a difference, however, between a statute that dictates a particular decision on the merits, which Klein prohibits, and a statute that altogether withdraws jurisdiction to reach the merits, which Klein arguably does not preclude. See Klein, 80 U.S. at 146-47. The Gun Lake Act falls within the latter category. The Act does not mandate a particular finding of fact or application of law to fact. Instead, it withdraws this Court’s jurisdiction to make any substantive findings whatsoever. Our Circuit Court considered — and rejected — a challenge to a similar statute, finding that a withdrawal of jurisdiction does not, by itself, violate Klein. See Nat’l Coalition to Save our Mall, 269 F.3d at 1097 (stating, without any detailed explanation, that the Act did not run afoul of Klein).
Congress’s actions in this instance are more appropriately characterized as an effort to circumscribe the Court’s jurisdiction. This, Congress most assuredly can do. The Constitution “gives to the inferior courts the capacity to take jurisdiction in the enumerated cases, but it requires an act of Congress to confer it.... And the jurisdiction having been conferred may, at the will of Congress, be taken away in whole or in part.” Kline v. Burke Constr. Co., 260 U.S. 226, 234, 43 S.Ct. 79, 67 L.Ed. 226 (1922). Congress, as such, has plenary power to “define and limit the jurisdiction of the inferior courts of the United States.” Lauf v. E.G. Skinner & Co., 303 U.S. 323, 330, 58 S.Ct. 578, 82 L.Ed. 872 (1938). That is precisely what happened here. Rather than dictate a particular outcome on the merits of plaintiffs case, Congress has legislatively restricted the Court’s jurisdiction. I find nothing constitutionally repugnant in its exercise.
Plaintiff argues in the alternative that section 2(a) of the Act, which “reaffirm[s]” the Secretary’s May 2005 decision to take the Bradley Tract into trust, violates Klein because it superimposes Congress’s “own interpretation of the IRA without amending it.” See PL’s Reply at 31. Were Congress to issue such a dictate, it would surely invade the powers of the judicial branch. See Cobell v. Norton, 392 F.3d 461, 467 (D.C.Cir.2004) (opining that a statute presents constitutional problems if, rather than “changing the substantive law, [it] direct[s] the court how to interpret or apply pre-existing law”). The Court takes seriously, however, the invalidation of a Congressional action and applies the “cardinal principle” that “as between two possible interpretations of a statute by one of which it would be constitutional and by the other valid, [the Court’s] plain duty is to adopt that which will save the act.” NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 301 U.S. 1, 30, 57 S.Ct. 615, 81 L.Ed. 893 (1937); see Edward J. DeBartolo Corp. v. Fla. Gulf Coast Bldg. & Constr. Trades Council, 485 U.S. 568, 575, 108 S.Ct. 1392, 99 L.Ed.2d 645 (1988) (when faced with dueling interpretations, one of which “would raise serious constitutional problems,” courts must “construe the statute to avoid such problems unless such construction is plainly contrary to the intent of Congress”).
While plaintiff has proffered one potential reading of the statute, section 2(a) can more plausibly be read in a way that does not raise constitutional concerns, i.e., as an affirmance of agency rulemaking. Nowhere does the Act instruct this, or any other, Court to ratify the Secretary’s action. Nor, for that matter, does it compel “any particular findings of fact or applications of law.” See Robertson, 503 U.S. at 438, 112 S.Ct. 1407. Simply put, Congress lent its imprimatur to the Secretary’s decision, but stopped short of requiring the judiciary to do the same. Endorsements of this nature are hardly unprecedented and Congress has, on at least one occasion, retroactively validated agency actions taken on behalf of Native American Tribes. See James v. Hodel, 696 F.Supp. 699, 701 (D.D.C.1988), aff'd sub nom. James v. Lujan, 893 F.2d 1404 (D.C.Cir.1990) (upholding a statute that “ratifies and confirms [the Wampanoag Tribal Counsel’s] existence as an Indian tribe” (emphasis added)); see also Swayne & Hoyt Ltd. v. United States, 300 U.S. 297, 301-02, 57 S.Ct. 478, 81 L.Ed. 659 (1937) (Congress may use its plenary power to “ratify [agency] acts which it might have authorized, and give the force of law to official action unauthorized when taken” (citations omitted)).
Given that the Act neither mandates a particular interpretation of the substantive law nor creates an impermissible rule of decision, I reject plaintiffs separation of powers challenge and turn to plaintiffs remaining constitutional arguments.
B. First Amendment Right to Petition
Plaintiff next argues that section 2(b) of the Gun Lake Act burdens his First Amendment Right to Petition the government. I disagree. The First Amendment protects the right of individuals “to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” U.S. Const, amend. I. The Right to Petition “is cut from the same cloth as the other guarantees of [the First] Amendment,” and operates as “an assurance of a particular freedom of expression.” McDonald v. Smith, 472 U.S. 479, 482, 105 S.Ct. 2787, 86 L.Ed.2d 384 (1985). Broad in scope, the right “extends to all departments of the Government,” California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited, 404 U.S. 508, 510, 92 S.Ct. 609, 30 L.Ed.2d 642 (1972), and guarantees, at a minimum, the right to seek redress from a federal decision-maker on the basis of a well-pleaded claim for relief, see Borough of Duryea, Pennsylvania v. Guarnieri, 564 U.S. 379, 131 S.Ct. 2488, 2494, 180 L.Ed.2d 408 (2011) (“[T]he right of access to courts for redress of wrongs is an aspect of the First Amendment right to petition the government.” (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)). Laws that “significantly] impair[]” this right must, like all substantial constitutional burdens, survive “exacting scrutiny.” See Elrod v. Burns, 427 U.S. 347, 362, 96 S.Ct. 2673, 49 L.Ed.2d 547 (1976).
Not all burdens are “significant” and although the First Amendment protects the right to speak, it does not ensure the right to speak to all tribunals. The distinction that emerges is narrow indeed. Congress may not foreclose a plaintiffs right to petition all decision-makers, but it may withdraw access to some decision-makers. See Bill Johnson’s Rests. Inc. v. NLRB, 461 U.S. 731, 742, 103 S.Ct. 2161, 76 L.Ed.2d 277 (1983) (invalidating a law that enjoined plaintiffs from filing “a meritorious suit” in state court). But see Am. Bus Ass’n v. Rogoff, 649 F.3d 734, 741 (D.C.Cir.2011) (finding that a law did not violate the First Amendment because plaintiff could at least petition the agency for relief). Construing the Right to Petition more broadly would have far-reaching implications. Were it read to require access to all tribunals, the First Amendment would run headlong into another tenet of federal governance — Congress’s power to “define and limit the jurisdiction of the inferior courts of the United States.” See Lauf, 303 U.S. at 330, 58 S.Ct. 578. This, it does not do.
Plaintiff argues that the Gun Lake Act abridges his Right to Petition because it “prohibits the filing of any other lawsuit that challenges the federal Defendant’s actions taking the Bradley Property into trust.” See Pl.’s Mem. at 32. Defendants counter that although the Act enjoins filings in federal court, it does not bar plaintiff from pursuing other avenues of redress. See Mem. P. & A. Supp. United States’ Opp’n PL’s Mot. Summ. J. at 22 [Dkt. #85]; Def.-Intervenor’s Opp’n PL’s Mot. Summ. J. at 11-12 [Dkt. # 86]. I agree. Plaintiff may not be able to bring his claim before this Court, but he remains free to petition federal agencies, including the Department of the Interior, for relief. Nothing in the Act can be read to restrict such advocacy and this Court sees no reason to hold otherwise.
Plaintiff argues that this alternative is insufficient because any future complaints filed with the agency, whose decision Congress has ratified, “will fall upon completely deaf ears.” Pl.’s Reply at 32. The Department of the Interior may, indeed, be reticent to reverse its position. But nothing in the First Amendment entitles plaintiff to a favorable disposition of his claim. See Am. Bus Ass’n, 649 F.3d at 741 (refusing to find that Congressional interference with a plaintiffs potential remedies abridges the Right to Petition). The First Amendment safeguards only a citizen’s right to express his grievance to a tribunal of competent jurisdiction. Nowhere does it “guarantee[ ] a citizen’s right to receive a government response to or official consideration of a petition for redress of grievances” and I decline to find such an assurance. See We the People Found. Inc. v. United States, 485 F.3d 140, 141 (D.C.Cir.2007). Accordingly, because nothing in the Petition Clause bars Congress from restricting, as it has, the forum for judicial review, I find that the Gun Lake Act does not violate the First Amendment.
C. Fifth Amendment Due Process
Plaintiff next argues that section 2(b) of the Act violates his Fifth Amendment due process rights because it requires dismissal without allowing him to fully litigate his claim. Pl.’s Mem. at 34-35. Due process challenges are governed by a two-part inquiry: “whether [plaintiff] was deprived of a protected property interest and, if so, what process was his due.” Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co., 455 U.S. 422, 428, 102 S.Ct. 1148, 71 L.Ed.2d 265 (1982). A cause of action is considered a “protected property interest” only if a court has rendered “a final judgment” in that action. Jung v. Ass’n of Am. Med. Colls., 339 F.Supp.2d 26, 43 (D.D.C.2004), aff'd, 184 Fed.Appx. 9 (D.C.Cir.2006) (“Causes of actions only become actionable property interests upon the entry of final judgment.”).
Plaintiff here argues that because the Supreme Court affirmed his standing to pursue this action, he has a property right protected by the Fifth Amendment. See Pl.’s Mem. at 35. Plaintiff is correct that his standing can no longer be challenged. However, he presents no authority — nor am I aware of any — to support the proposition that the ability to bring a lawsuit constitutes the type of vested property right that the Fifth Amendment due process clause protects. It would be bold, to say nothing of unprecedented, to redraw the lines of property in such a fashion. Thus, in the absence of a cognizable property right, plaintiffs due process claim fails.
D. Bill of Attainder
Plaintiffs final constitutional attack to the Gun Lake Act lies in a Bill of Attainder. Article I, section 9 of the Constitution states that “[n]o Bill of Attainder ... shall be passed.” U.S. Const, art. 1 § 9, cl. 3. This provision prohibits Congress from enacting “a law that legislatively determines guilt and inflicts punishment upon an identifiable individual without provision of the protections of a judicial trial.” Nixon v. Adm’r of Gen. Servs., 433 U.S. 425, 468, 97 S.Ct. 2777, 53 L.Ed.2d 867 (1977). A law is thus a prohibited Bill of Attainder if it punishes a specific person or entity. BellSouth Corp. v. FCC, 144 F.3d 58, 62 (D.C.Cir.1998). To determine whether a statute imposes a punishment, courts assess: “(1) whether the challenged statute falls within the historical meaning of legislative punishment; (2) whether the statute ... reasonably can be said to further nonpunitive legislative purposes; and (3) whether the legislative record evinces a congressional intent to punish.” Foretich v. United States, 351 F.3d 1198, 1218 (D.C.Cir.2003) (quoting Selective Serv. Sys. v. Minn. Pub. Interest Research Grp., 468 U.S. 841, 852, 104 S.Ct. 3348, 82 L.Ed.2d 632 (1984)).
Although the Gun Lake Act applies specifically to suits involving the Bradley Tract, this alone is not problematic. See Nat’l Coalition to Save Our Mall, 269 F.3d at 1097 (finding a “[statute’s] level of specificity to be unobjectionable”). Notwithstanding its specificity, the Gun Lake Act does not qualify as a Bill of Attainder for a second reason: it is not punitive. Jurisdiction stripping is simply not “punishment” in a historical sense — it does not impose a prison sentence, a fine, or any restriction that falls within the traditional “checklist of deprivations and disabilities” proscribed by the Constitution. See Foretich, 351 F.3d at 1218 (“This checklist includes sentences of death, bills of pains and penalties, and legislative bars to participation in specified employments or professions.”). Nor was Congress’s goal to disadvantage Mr. David Patchak. The Act’s express purpose was to “provide certainty to the legal status of the land, on which the Tribe has begun gaming operations as a means of economic development for its community.” S.Rep. No. 113-194 at 2 (2014). The Act may have incidentally affected plaintiffs use and enjoyment of his property. But incidental burdens do not a punishment make. As such, plaintiffs final constitutional challenge is no more meritorious than his prior attacks.
Having rejected each of plaintiffs challenges, I find no constitutional obstacle to the enforcement of the Gun Lake Act and must decline, for want of jurisdiction, to reach the merits of plaintiffs APA challenge.
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, for all of the foregoing reasons, Plaintiffs Unopposed Motion to File Consolidated Reply Brief and to Exceed Page Limits Specified by Local Rule is GRANTED, Intervenor-Defendanf s Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED, and Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment is DENIED. Finally, Plaintiffs Motion to Strike the Administrative Record Supplement is DENIED. This action is therefore DISMISSED. An Order consistent with this decision accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.
. While the IRA does not elaborate on what it means to be a "recognized Indian Tribe now under Federal jurisdiction,” the Supreme Court recently interpreted the word "now” to refer to the date of the IRA’s enactment in June 1934. Carcieri v. Salazar, 555 U.S. 379, 382, 129 S.Ct. 1058, 172 L.Ed.2d 791 (2009). The Supreme Court left open the question of what constitutes "Federal jurisdiction.”
. References to "AR” correspond to the Administrative Record filed on October 6, 2008. See [Dkt. # 21].
. References to "SAR” are to the Administrative Record Supplement. See [Dkt. # 75],
. To construct the statute otherwise would raise serious concerns about its constitutionality, and, in such a case, I heed the "cardinal principle” of statutory interpretation and choose "a construction of the statute ... by which the (constitutional) question(s) may be avoided.” See Johnson v. Robison, 415 U.S. 361, 367, 94 S.Ct. 1160, 39 L.Ed.2d 389 (1974) (alternation in original) (internal quotation marks omitted); Nat’l Coalition to Save Our Mall v. Norton, 269 F.3d 1092, 1095 (D.C.Cir.2001) (finding that although a statute removed Article III jurisdiction to review an agency action, it did “not touch [the court’s] jurisdiction over [the statute’s] own constitutionality”).
. The Court is reluctant to opine on this particular argument, which plaintiff presented, for the' first time, in his Reply brief. As this Circuit has emphasized, ”[t]he premise of our adversarial system is that ... courts do not sit as self-directed boards of legal inquiry and research, but essentially as arbiters of legal questions presented and argued by the parties before them. Considering an argument advanced for the first time in a reply brief ... entails the risk of an improvident or ill-advised opinion on the legal issues tendered.” See McBride v. Merrell Dow & Pharm., Inc., 800 F.2d 1208, 1211 (D.C.Cir.1986) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).
. Even assuming, arguendo, that plaintiff has a property right in this action, he has arguably received all the process he is due. Congress has plenary power to grant, abridge, or revoke Article III jurisdiction. As the Supreme Court has held in welfare cases, which involve an analogous Congressional power to confer, and revoke, a public benefit, "[t]he procedural component of the Due Process Clause does not impose a constitutional limitation on the power of Congress to make substantive changes, in the law of entitlement to public benefits.” See Atkins v. Parker, 472 U.S. 115, 129, 105 S.Ct. 2520, 86 L.Ed.2d 81 (1985) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). In such instances, "the legislative process provides all the process that is constitutionally due” before Congress enacts a provision restricting litigants' judicial remedies. See Am. Bus Ass’n, 649 F.3d at 743.
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CASELAW
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Luisenthal Mine
The Luisenthal Mine was a coal mine near Völklingen. The mine was known as the site of the largest mine accident in the history of the German Federal Republic, when 299 miners died on 7 February 1962.
1962 mine disaster
On 7 February 1962 a methane explosion occurred after the opening of a methane-containing cavern in the Alsbach field. This triggered a larger coal dust explosion with devastating effects. 284 workers were killed, making this the greatest mining catastrophe in the history of the Saarland coal mining area.
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WIKI
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Some of you will not know what this headline means. Others will have stuck your hand (or your whole body) under a shower and felt as though you were in an ice bath for a millisecond before you realized you'd scalded yourself. For some people, sufficiently hot water will, for a moment, feel ice cold.
If you're reading this at a desk, you probably have a pen handy. Take the pen in one hand, make a fist with the other hand, and press the ball against the stretch of skin between your knuckles. Pick different spots to press the pen tip against. The metal will feel cold at some points. At others you'll feel a strange radiating sense of warmth, as if you've just hit the spot with a laser pointer. You've just mapped out some of the nerve endings on your skin. These nerves feel different sensations, but they all go up towards the brain using the spinothalamic tract. (Incidentally, if you poked too hard and hurt yourself, the pain sensations will use the same path.)
For the most part the nerves can handle anything you throw at them. The nerves that detect cold let the brain know when you're touching something cold, but ignore sensations of heat. The nerves that detect heat will remain dormant when exposed to cold. Neither is overworked or overwhelmed in your everyday life - until you stick your hand under something really really hot. When you stick your hand into something incredibly hot there's something of stampede that part of your nervous system. Every nerve gets swept up in it, and so when the signal reaches the brain, many people will feel a strange sensation of extreme cold before, or even while, they feel extreme heat.
Advertisement
There's some debate as to whether we feel the cold before the heat - which may mean that the signals from the cold sensors reach the brain first - or if they arrive at the same time and we just remember the cold as coming first. The nervous system pulls this kind of thing on us all the time. We withdraw our hands from the scalding water as quickly as we do because of the reflex arc. Often, when the nerves detect some immediately sharp pain, the signal will only get as far as the spinal cord before the motor neurons take over and force the body to jump away from the pain. We remember the pain happening first, but our reaction time is too quick for the brain to have processed what happened.
Paradoxical cold, as the sensation of cold caused by heat is called, is balanced by paradoxical heat. Sometimes we feel extreme cold as a burning sensation before the nerves sort themselves out and let us know we're feeling cold. People suffering from hypothermia also feel a sensation of paradoxical heat, which is why many hypothermic people are found without clothes on. I often feel either sensation as a strange simultaneous hot-cold mix. Have you felt paradoxical cold or heat?
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[Via Ben Biggs, Mental Floss, Naked Scientists.]
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Health matters
health conditions and diseases
As with any public discussion board on any web site, this data may appear in third-party search engines like google like Google, MSN, Yahoo, and so forth. Your use of this web site is ruled by Harvard University and its associates Terms of Use positioned at /privateness-policyand may be amended from time to time. Remarkably, lots of the high causes of death don’t even present up on this list, and many that do barely register.
Common signs of prion diseases include speedy onset of brain damage, reminiscence loss, and cognitive difficulties. They can even set off the buildup of plaque in the mind, causing this organ to waste away. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) A federal agency underneath the U.S.
ROE well being indicators use illness morbidity (incidence or prevalence) and/or mortality (resulting dying) statistics. Both measures provide helpful insights about tendencies in illness; nevertheless, each are influenced by a number of components, including the accuracy of reporting mechanisms and issues associated to access to, quality of, and advances in medical care. The persistent disease drawback is far from being limited to the developed areas of the world. Contrary to extensively held beliefs, developing nations are increasingly suffering from excessive ranges of public health problems associated to persistent diseases.
The new supply models are transpiring because the idea of borders is blurred by worldwide access to expertise and its affect. Economic and geopolitical forces collide to create a more dynamic and competitive marketplace. Therefore, adaptive operating models that present flexibility on pricing and funding, as an example, will be important for a healthcare system trying to do things in a different way, more efficiently and with higher outcomes.
Which ailments are related to which states differ based on time, place, and expertise? Some ailments, similar to diabetes mellitus, may be related to both poverty (poor food selections) and affluence (long lifespans and sedentary existence), through completely different mechanisms. The time period life-style illnesses describes ailments related to longevity and that is extra widespread amongst older people. For instance, cancer is way extra common in societies by which most members stay till they reach the age of 80 than in societies during which most members die before they reach the age of fifty.
Although most oral and genital herpes infections are asymptomatic, symptoms can embody recurring ulcers and blistering at the an infection website. Antiviral medicines are an effective suppressive therapy and can be utilized to forestall or shorten outbreaks, however are not a remedy. Fluoroquinolone toxicity syndrome – A multi-system syndrome that develops in some previously healthy sufferers which might be prescribed an oral fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug.
Telehealth may help rural providers working with specialists and subspecialists in other locations to offer care and assist sufferers keep in their own communities as a lot as possible. Programs improving rural access to palliative care are also useful to rural patients and their caregivers.
Multiple long-time period circumstances
Untreated, it could cause many well being issues and related issues, amongst which an increased threat of a number of kinds of cancer and greater mortality are included. Currently there isn’t any cure and the one recognized effective treatment is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet, which results in recovery of the intestinal mucosa, improves signs and reduces risk of creating issues in most people.
Before or after the onset of diabetes, adopting healthier habits corresponding to common train and consuming a nicely-balanced food plan can maintain blood glucose levels in a normal range and prevent declining health. If the foreskin is also inflamed, the condition is known as balanoposthitis.
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Zeitschriftenartikel
TRIM: TR independent multislice imaging
MPG-Autoren
http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/cone/persons/resource/persons84187
Paul D, Scheffler, K
Department High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society;
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Zitation
Fautz, H.-P., Paul D, Scheffler, K., & Hennig, J. (2004). TRIM: TR independent multislice imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 51(6), 1239-1246. doi:10.1002/mrm.20093.
Zitierlink: http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0013-D8D7-F
Zusammenfassung
This article introduces a novel concept to overcome the dependence of image contrast on spatial positioning parameters such as the number of slices and slice separation in multislice measurements: TR-independent multislice (TRIM) acquisition allows the number of slices in a single measurement to remain independent of the repetition time TR. Ramped TRIM (rTRIM) allows the distance between the sections excited in each repetition to remain independent of the distance between the reconstructed slices. Even images from overlapping slices can be acquired without crosstalk between the images of adjacent slices due to spatially overlapping excitation profiles. This concept is based on a special reordering scheme: Within a single TR acquisition, steps are only taken from a fraction of all slices. This necessitates attribution of different phase-encoding steps to different slices within each repetition cycle. The reordering scheme can be derived by the use of a design matrix. The imaging properties of the technique are discussed theoretically and illustrated by a point spread function analysis based on simulations and phantom measurements. Potential sources of artifacts are identified and methods for their prevention are developed. Optimized implementations with different T1-weighted sequences such as spin echo (SE), turbo spin echo (TSE), and spoiled gradient echo acquisitions are shown on normal volunteers with imaging parameters used in routine diagnosis.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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What kind of testing does the Opto-Electronics laboratory carry out?
The Laboratory is currently made up of three main units, each performing different types of tests. The first is the Laser Lab, divided between laser-induced contamination and laser-induced damage testing.
Materials in vacuum conditions are prone to 'outgassing' – the gradual release of gaseous substances. Laser-induced contamination testing involves investigating how high-energy laser radiation interacts with the results of outgassing within the laser vessel, leading to deposition of absorbing organic materials in the irradiated region of delicate optical parts, degrading laser performance over time. The Laboratory seeks to characterize this phenomenon and identify ways to overcome it.
Laser-induced damage testing involves identifying the safe levels of energy to avoid damage to each optical component of the laser. Laser energies above a given threshold can induce damage, superficial melting and eventually cracking of optical surfaces. But working space lasers must perform reliably for months or years – the lidar aboard ESA's ADM-Aeolus satellite is planned to fire 4.6 billion laser shots over the 39 month duration of the mission. Accordingly 'lifetime' testing is also performed on the ground to ensure reliability.
The second unit of the Laboratory is a Mobile Lidar Unit carried in an ESA van. It follows the same general design of planned spaceborne lidars, except this Raman lidar looks up into the atmosphere instead of down sampling aerosol populations, cloud patterns and optical depth. Used to perform tests and simulations related to future lidar missions the information this unit gather also serves to support ESA missions and projects in other ways, for instance gathering 'ground truth' data used to assess the performance of Earth-observing satellite sensors.
The third unit, currently approaching completion, is the Laser Diode Testbench. The laser equivalent of LED’s (light emitting diodes), laser diodes are semiconductors which produce laser light when an electrical current is applied. They serve as compact laser sources for space, and the Testbench will perform endurance tests under a range of environmental conditions including vacuum and temperature extremes to investigate degradation, lifetime and failure modes of laser diodes in space environments. The Laser Diode Testbench is complemented by a characterization setup for detailed performance evaluation of different types of laser diodes.
Last update: 23 November 2010
Copyright 2000 - 2013 © European Space Agency. All rights reserved.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Degrande
Degrande is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ida Degrande (1910–?), Belgian middle-distance runner
* Marigje Degrande (born 1992), Belgian chess player
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WIKI
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User:MEMEGAMER360
Shrek is the Center of the galaxy, anyone who gets in the way of a being like him will be banished from existing
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WIKI
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Spencer Ware
Spencer Raleigh Ware III (born November 23, 1991) is a former American football running back. He played college football at LSU, and played in the 2010 U.S. Army All-American Bowl. He was selected in the sixth round of the 2013 NFL Draft by the Seattle Seahawks, with whom he won Super Bowl XLVIII as a rookie.
Early life
Ware attended and played high school football at Princeton High School.
College career
During his college football career, Ware rushed for 1,240 yards on 292 carries with ten touchdowns. Southeastern Conference coaches named him a second-team All-SEC selection after the 2011 season. He also played 21 games for the LSU Tigers baseball team.
After his junior season, Ware decided to forgo his senior season and entered the 2013 NFL Draft.
Seattle Seahawks
Ware was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the sixth round of the 2013 NFL Draft with the 194th overall pick. He appeared in two games as a rookie and recorded three carries for ten yards. While Ware saw sparse usage throughout the season, the Seahawks went on to win the Super Bowl against the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII. He was released on August 20, 2014.
Kansas City Chiefs (first stint)
On December 31, 2014, Ware signed a future contract with the Kansas City Chiefs.
On September 5, 2015, he was waived by the Chiefs and was re-signed to the practice squad. Ware was activated off the practice squad for the Week 8 matchup against the Detroit Lions for the NFL game in London on November 1, 2015. In this game, Ware scored his first NFL touchdown, a four-yard run, in the waning minutes of the fourth quarter against the Detroit Lions. In Week 11, against the San Diego Chargers, he had two rushing touchdowns in the 33–3 victory. In the following game against the Buffalo Bills, he had 19 carries for 114 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown in the 30–22 victory. Ware ended the 2015 season playing in 11 games with two starts, rushing for 403 yards and six touchdowns. He scored a rushing touchdown in the Chiefs' Wild Card Round victory over the Houston Texans.
In 2016, with starter Jamaal Charles coming off a knee injury suffered in 2015, Ware became the starter for 2016. In Week 1, against the San Diego Chargers, he had 199 scrimmage yards (70 rushing, 129 receiving) and a rushing touchdown in the 33–27 victory. In Week 6, against the Oakland Raiders, he had 24 carries for 131 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown in the 26–10 victory. He started 14 games, rushing for 921 yards and three touchdowns. In addition, he caught 33 passes for 447 yards and two touchdowns.
Coming into the 2017 season, Ware was projected to be the Chiefs' starting running back after the release of longtime starter Jamaal Charles. In the team's third preseason game against the Seattle Seahawks, Ware suffered a torn PCL and additional knee damage. He was placed on injured reserve on September 2, 2017.
On November 30, 2018, he was named starting running back for the Kansas City Chiefs following the release of starting running back Kareem Hunt after he misled the team regarding an assault alleged to have occurred earlier that year. In his first game as the new starter, Ware achieved 47 rushing yards and one rushing touchdown against the Oakland Raiders. He had 129 scrimmage yards in the 27–24 victory over the Baltimore Ravens in Week 14. He finished the 2018 season with 246 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns.
Indianapolis Colts
On April 30, 2019, Ware signed with the Indianapolis Colts. He was placed on the reserve/physically unable to perform list on August 2, 2019, after undergoing ankle surgery. He was released on September 20, 2019.
Kansas City Chiefs (second stint)
On December 3, 2019, Ware was re-signed by the Chiefs. He was placed on injured reserve on December 25, 2019, with a shoulder injury. He finished the 2019 season with 17 carries for 51 rushing yards in three games. Without Ware, the Chiefs would go on to win Super Bowl LIV against the San Francisco 49ers giving Ware his second Super Bowl ring.
Chicago Bears
On December 22, 2020, Ware signed with the practice squad of the Chicago Bears. His practice squad contract with the team expired after the season on January 18, 2021.
Personal life
On January 12, 2014, Ware was booked in Seattle's King County Jail under the charge of DUI. However, that case was dismissed in July 2014 after a judge ruled that the officer lacked reasonable suspicion of DUI at the time he initiated the traffic stop.
On June 23, 2016, Ware hosted an event at Full Throttle Indoor Karting "where he provided free transportation, go-karting, and lunch to the thirty kids of the [Winton Hills] Recreational Center." Ware expressed gratitude for all the people who helped him become a professional athlete and encouraged the kids to "work together" to accomplish their goals in life.
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Morville-sur-Andelle
Morville-sur-Andelle is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.
Geography
The commune of Morville-sur-Andelle is centred on a small farming village situated by the banks of the river Andelle in the Pays de Bray, some 15 mi east of Rouen at the junction of the D62 and the D238 roads.
Places of interest
* The church of Saint-Ouen is 18th century with vestiges from the 13th century in the tower. The bronze bell dates from 1657.
* Moulin (mill) de l'Andelle, situated at Imberville, built in 1839.
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WIKI
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Dynamics of a quantum oscillator coupled with a three-level Λ-type emitter
Alexandra Mirzac (Institute of Applied Physics, Chisinau, Moldova)
DFT Seminar Room
2019-10-03 12:00:00
We investigate the quantum dynamics of a quantum oscillator coupled with the most upper state of a three-level Λ-type system. The two transitions of the three-level emitter, possessing orthogonal dipole moments, are coherently pumped with a single or two electromagnetic field sources, respectively. We have found ranges for flexible lasing or cooling phenomena referring to the quantum oscillator’s degrees of freedom. This is due to asymmetrical decay rates and quantum interference effects leading to population transfer among the relevant dressed states of the emitter’s subsystem with which the quantum oscillator is coupled. As an appropriate system can be considered a nanomechanical resonator coupled with the most excited state of the three-level emitter fixed on it. Alternatively, if the upper state of the Λ-type system possesses a permanent dipole then it can couple with a cavity electromagnetic field mode which can be in the terahertz domain, for instance. In the latter case, we demonstrate an effective electromagnetic field source of terahertz photons.
Funding Agencies:
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Walid Ismail
Walid Bahij Ismail (وليد بهيج إسماعيل; born 10 November 1984) is a Lebanese former professional footballer who played as a left-back.
Ismail began his career in Lebanon at Islah Borj Shmali, before playing for Racing Beirut and then Nejmeh, with whom he won the 2013–14 league title. In 2014 he moved to Zob Ahan in Iran, winning two consecutive Hazfi Cup titles—in 2014–15 and 2015–16. Ismail returned to Lebanon in 2016, playing for Safa, Salam Zgharta, Bourj and Sagesse.
He is one of his country's most capped players, having represented Lebanon internationally 68 times between 2010 and 2019. Ismail participated at the 2011, 2015, and 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualifications, and the 2014 and 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifications. He also played at the 2019 AFC Asian Cup, in Lebanon's first participation through qualification.
Club career
Starting his career at Islah Borj Shmali in the Lebanese Second Division, Ismail played for Lebanese Premier League side Racing Beirut, before moving to Nejmeh in 2013 where he won one league title, one Super Cup, one Elite Cup and helped them reach the round of 16 of the 2013 AFC Cup. In 2014, he moved to Iranian club Zob Ahan with whom he won two Hazfi Cups and played in the AFC Champions League.
In 2016 he returned to Lebanon at Safa, where he spent two seasons, before joining Salam Zgharta in 2018. On 3 June 2019, Ismail joined newly promoted side Bourj. Ismail moved to newly-promoted side Sagesse on 12 June 2021, on a one-year deal. He left the club on 13 July 2022.
International career
Ismail represented Lebanon at the 2019 AFC Asian Cup. On 21 January 2019, Ismail announced his retirement from international football.
Playing style
While not a fast left-back, Ismail is known for his calmness and experience on the field.
International
* Scores and results list Lebanon's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ismail goal.
Honours
Nejmeh
* Lebanese Premier League: 2013–14
Zob Ahan
* Hazfi Cup: 2014–15, 2015–16
Individual
* Lebanese Premier League Team of the Season: 2012–13, 2013–14
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Talk:Ashraf Pahlavi
Untitled
It is important to note her well document in drug trafficking and being shut at in Paris by Mafia!
Honours
Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Queen of Sheba it's a wrong. It's a honour of her sister-in-law, Farah Pahlavi. --Enredados (talk) 21:56, 8 June 2015 (UTC)
A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:23, 20 March 2023 (UTC)
* ShahCarter.gif
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User:Popculturelover
Hello. I, as my name implies, loves all forms of pop culture. Music, movies, TV, video games, and using my computer.
Hobbies
I am trying to make my own TV show that will be related to all the good animated shows on TV. It is called (Working Title). It does not have a working title, that's just it's name. I have my own band that is called The Unknown. We will be punk-rock, and we will have 3 guitarists, a bassist, and a drummer. I don't have anything in the movies department, but I do have a Nintendo Wii, and just got Super Paper Mario. I also am in the process of obtaining World of Warcraft, and could have it as soon as the 24th. I am also incredibly in to cars, and my dream is to own a Lamborghini Gallardo Supperleggra. All of my friends like Dungeons and Dragons, and I usually play with them. I am an avid World of Warcraft player, and I currently have a character: Thran, a level 14 Human Paladin on the Azuremyst realm. If you were reading right, then you would have guessed: I am your average nerd.
Posts
Feel free to post here, just make it as an edit and provide your Wikipedia username.
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How strong is the bactericidal effect of nano silver
What's the role the nano silver has?
Nano silver is comprised of nanoparticles made up of silver. These particles serve as antibacterial and antifungal agents in various industrial processes, such as water purification and other consumer goods (such as cosmetics, clothing, childcare products along with food containers and many other items). Nanosilver's concept is the silver elemental silver having the size of a nanometer or less. This is powdery silver element with an average particle size of less than 100nm and generally ranges between 25-50nm. Nano silver's performance is directly related to its particle size. The study found that the smaller the size of the particles is, the better the sterilization results.
Nano silver is similar to colloidal or colloidal silver?
First, the colloidal silver particles are prepared without a capping agent. In contrast the silver nanoparticles have been coated with plant extracts. This makes them more stable and harmless to human tissue. Also, with advances in technology, the size of nanoparticles has become uniform.
Do nano-silver kill bacteria?
Silver is an extensively researched antibacterial agent , which has been proven to kill bacteria, fungi and certain viruses. The antimicrobial activity is due to positively charged silver Ions (Ag +)22,22. Silver ions attack microorganisms by various modes of action.
Nano silver can't be seen through the naked-eye. Very little nano silver is added to deionized waters to form an antibacterial colloidal solution composed of nano silver. liquid. The size of its particles is 500 1,000 times or less that of cells. It's very easy to absorb and excreted which means it can quickly and effectively kill specific fungi, bacteria, and viruses. It differs from standard antibiotics. Antibiotics can kill just a few bacteria , but not viruses. Nano-silver has the ability to kill more than the 650 types of bacteria and viruses. It's well-known as the second "immune system" of the human body.
Do you think Nano Silver good for you?
As a substance, silver discovered in the atmosphere is considered to be extremely healthy. However, the majority of people do not have enough knowledge about the environmental and health risks of silver nanoparticles, consequently the ingestion of colloidal Silver is considered to be risky.
Nano silver antibacterial . Compared to other biological and chemical disinfectants, nano silver is able to destroy more than 650 varieties of bacteria in just moments, and broad-spectrum sterilization with no any resistance to any medication. Furthermore, it can help to speed up wound healing cell growth , and even damage. The repair of cells has zero toxic reactions and does not cause adverse skin reactions. This opens up broad prospects for widespread use of nano-silver to fight bacteria. It's the most modern generation of natural antibacterial agents.
Is nano silver dangerous?
Nano silver may cause slight eye and skin irritation to the skin and eyes. Also, it can act as mild skin allergen. Inhalation of small silver particles primarily affects the liver and the lungs. It's been discovered that silver nanoparticles can be genotoxic to mammalian cells.
Highlights of Nano Silver
1. An antibiotic is capable of killing about six kinds of pathogens while nano-silver can kill hundreds of pathogenic microorganisms.
2. Nano silver can kill more than 650 kinds bacteria in less than a minute. The unique mechanism for bactericidal kills allows nano silver particles to swiftly kill pathogenic bacteria at low levels.
3. Nano silver particles are extremely permeability, can quickly go through skin 2mm to disinfect, and have a good sterilizing effect on commonly found bacteria, stubborn bacteria in drug-resistant strains and in deep tissues infections caused fungi.
4. Improve wound healing by repairing and regenerating damaged cells, break down muscle growth, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory help speed wound healing and lessen scar formation.
5. Nano silver particles are developed by patented technology and have an external film of protection, which will release gradually in the human body, so the antibacterial effect is robust and lasts for a long time.
6. Nano silver acts as a bactericide that is not antibacterial nano silver is capable of killing numerous pathogenic microorganisms. It is more effective than antibiotics. The unique antibacterial mechanism using nano silver particles at 10 nanometers can swiftly and efficiently kill bacteria, making them decrease their fertility and not be produced. Newer generations of drug resistance could efficiently ward off attacks that are repeated by resistance to drugs.
Nano silver antibacterial mechanism
Nano silver particles sit interspersed between microscopic and macroscopic particles and atoms. They display special surface effects. They also exhibit small dimensions effects, quantum size effects and quantum tunnel effects that are macroscopic, and can easily enter disease-causing organisms.
2. In nanoscale silver, the size is small and the volume percentage on the surface is large. The electronic and bonding status of the surface are distinct from the inside of the particle. Incomplete coordination of surface-atoms leads to an increase in active sites on the surface that serve for antibacterial properties;
3. Nano-silver's strength of penetration that allows it to fully be able to penetrate and destroy pathogens creating stronger biological impacts. It provides advantages such as superior safety, a wide antibacterial properties, and a long-lasting sterilization time. Nanosilver's antibacterial qualities are far more effective in killing pathogenic bacteria, cocci and filamentous molds than conventional silver ion antifungal agents. Nano silver particles have the ability to eradicate fungi, bacteria mycoplasma, Chlamydia and many other pathogenic microorganisms.
Source of nanosilver
TRUNNANO is a well-known global chemical material manufacturer and supplier with more than more than 12 years' of know-how in providing top-quality chemicals, as well as Nanomaterials. We have developed a line of materials for powder. Our OEM service is offered. If you are looking for Nano Silver powder, please get in touch with us. or click on the products to send us an inquiry by email to: brad@ihpa.net
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Scooter Guide: Don’t Get the Wrong Scooter
Scooters are an alternative to riding tricycles or bicycles. Kids, teens and adults all ride scooters to get from one location to another quickly. Learning how to buy a scooter will ensure that you get the right scooter to fit your situation. When deciding which scooter to buy there are many things to consider. Scooters come in many different sizes, styles, designs and colors. Different types of scooters available include preschool scooters, trick scooters, rockboard scooters and pro scooters. When buying a scooter, you'll want to think about a number of different points.
>> Consider who will use the scooter
You will first want to think about who will use the scooter. Scooters are made so that the rider stands on them and holds on to the handle bar to steer the scooter. The rider should be able to do this comfortably in order to have the safest ride. Adult scooters are made for teen and adult-sized riders, while kid's scooters are designed for smaller riders. The best scooter to buy is the one that allows for comfortable and easy operation. Having a kid's scooter that can be adjusted to fit larger riders will prolong the life of the scooter. There are a range of scooter sizes to fit many needs. Preschool scooters are designed with two wheels in the back for stability but have only one wheel in the front.
>> Consider how much use it will get
As you shop for scooters, consider how much use it will get. Will it only be used occasionally, moderately or frequently? You should also take into consideration if the scooter will be used for rough riding or on rough terrain. For scooters that you will ride often, you should look for one with a larger footplate. The larger footplate will allow you to place both feet on the scooter while coasting. This can make the ride more comfortable.
>> Choose between electric and kick
The two most common types of scooters are electric and kick scooters. A kick scooter requires you to use your foot and push the scooter forward. One type of kick scooter is the Rockboard scooter. With a Rockboard scooter you rock back and forth to make the scooter move forward, but you can also easily use your foot on the ground to push it forward. Electric scooters have motors that propel them forward. When choosing an electric scooter, consider the riding distance before you will need to recharge it, the climbing capability and the type of tires. It is also important to know how long it will take to completely recharge the battery.
>> Consider the style
There are many different scooter designs available. Styles include folding, skateboard and motorized. The style of the scooter can be changed with the placement of the wheels and brakes. The brakes can be found either on the back of the footplate, by the back wheel or on the handlebars.
>> Consider the color
Just as there are many different types of scooters, there are also many different colors of scooters. The color can be a big factor when deciding which scooter to buy. Most boys' scooters are red, blue or black, while girls' scooters tend to be pink or other lighter colors. The best scooter to buy is the one that meets your personal preferences the most.
>> Consider materials used
The material that is used to make the scooter is another consideration when deciding which scooter to buy. Scooters that are made out of metal are more durable and can handle more weight than the scooters that are made from plastic.
>> Consider durability and capacity
You should look into the durability of the scooter before you select which scooter to buy. A scooter that is built on a heavy duty frame will be more durable than those that are not. When the scooter is going to be used to do tricks, a heavy duty frame is not only more durable but it is safer. All scooters have a weight limit associated with them, and you should be mindful of that limit when shopping. The weight limit typically goes up as the size of the scooter gets bigger.
>> Consider care and maintenance
You should also consider how much care and maintenance is required to keep the scooter in working order. Kick scooters require less maintenance than what may be required for an electric scooter. However, one scooter advantage is that both types of scooters are easy to take care of.
Remembering who the rider will be as you decide which scooter to buy will ensure you get the right scooter to fit your needs. The right scooter will grow as the rider grows. Be sure to research individual scooters in order to determine how to buy a scooter that's right for you. Make specific scooter comparisons as needed so that you can make an informed decision.
Dj Amplifier Guide: Don't Get the Wrong Dj Amplifier
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Chrome Shutdown
This documents shutdown steps on Windows, Mac and Linux.
On Android, the system can terminate the Chrome app at any point without running any shutdown step.
TODO: Document ChromeOS shutdown.
Step 1: Exiting the main loop
Shutdown starts when nothing keeps Chrome alive. Typically, this happens when all browser windows are closed, but other things can keep Chrome alive.
When nothing keeps Chrome alive, BrowserProcessImpl::Unpin asks the main thread's message loop to quit as soon as it no longer has tasks ready to run immediately.
base::RunLoop::QuitWhenIdle
…
BrowserProcessImpl::Unpin
BrowserProcessImpl::OnKeepAliveStateChanged
KeepAliveRegistry::OnKeepAliveStateChanged
KeepAliveRegistry::Unregister
ScopedKeepAlive::~ScopedKeepAlive
...
Browser::UnregisterKeepAlive
BrowserList::RemoveBrowser
Browser::~Browser
Following this request, ChromeBrowserMainParts::MainMessageLoopRun exits. Tasks posted to the main thread without a delay prior to this point are guaranteed to have run; tasks posted to the main thread after this point will never run.
Step 2: Cleaning up, after main loop exit
BrowserMainRunnerImpl::Shutdown is called on the main thread. Within that method, BrowserMainLoop::ShutdownThreadsAndCleanUp orchestrates the main shutdown steps.
ChromeBrowserMainParts::PostMainMessageLoopRun is invoked. It invokes the PostMainMessageLoopRun method of each ChromeBrowserMainExtraParts instance. This is a good place to perform shutdown steps of a component that require the IO thread, the ThreadPool or the Profile to still be available.
ChromeBrowserMainParts::PostMainMessageLoopRun also invokes BrowserProcessImpl::StartTearDown which deletes many services owned by BrowserProcessImpl (aka g_browser_process). One of these services is the ProfileManager. Deleting the ProfileManager deletes Profiles. As part of deleting a Profile, its KeyedServices are deleted, including:
• Sync Service
• History Service
Step 3: Joining other threads
The IO thread is joined. No IPC or Mojo can be received after this.
ThreadPool shutdown starts. At this point, no new SKIP_ON_SHUTDOWN or CONTINUE_ON_SHUTDOWN task can start running (they are deleted without running). The main thread blocks until all SKIP_ON_SHUTDOWN tasks that started running prior to ThreadPool shutdown start are complete, and all BLOCK_SHUTDOWN tasks are complete (irrespective of whether they were posted before or after ThreadPool shutdown start). When no more SKIP_ON_SHUTDOWN is running and no more BLOCK_SHUTDOWN task is queued or running, the main thread is unblocked and ThreadPool shutdown is considered complete. Note: CONTINUE_ON_SHUTDOWN tasks that started before ThreadPool shutdown may still be running.
At this point, new tasks posted to the IO thread or to the ThreadPool cannot run. It is illegal to post a BLOCK_SHUTDOWN task to the ThreadPool (enforced by a DCHECK).
Step 4: Cleaning up, after joining other threads
ChromeBrowserMainParts::PostDestroyThreads is invoked. It invokes BrowserProcessImpl::PostDestroyThreads. Since it is guaranteed that no SKIP_ON_SHUTDOWN or BLOCK_SHUTDOWN task is running at this point, it is a good place to delete objects accessed directly from these tasks.
Then, if a new Chrome executable, it is swapped with the current one (Windows-only).
upgrade_util::SwapNewChromeExeIfPresent
browser_shutdown::ShutdownPostThreadsStop
ChromeBrowserMainParts::PostDestroyThreads
content::BrowserMainLoop::ShutdownThreadsAndCleanUp
content::BrowserMainLoop::ShutdownThreadsAndCleanUp
content::BrowserMainRunnerImpl::Shutdown
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Somename Somename - 4 months ago 8
Ajax Question
jquery ajax post within a function not working
So i have created a function to post data to a php page:
function updateData(x,y){
$.ajax({
type: 'POST',
url: 'myupdate.php',
data: {x:y},
success: function(data){
$("#resultdiv").html(data);
}
});
}
And I call the function like this:
$(".myclass").click(function(){
var newname = $("#myname").val(); //value of input type="text".
updateData('name', newname); // also tried updateData(name, newname)
});
So if i input the value as Rocky and initiate the function, problem is that the value sent to the php page
myupdate.php
is x=Rocky. I want it to be name=Rocky. How can i solve this.
Many thanks.
Answer
You need to use bracket notation when providing the key of an object in a variable. Try this:
function updateData(x, y) {
var data = {};
data[x] = y;
$.ajax({
type: 'POST',
url: 'myupdate.php',
data: data,
success: function(data){
$("#resultdiv").html(data);
}
});
}
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Robinson Road
Robinson Road may refer to
* Robinson Road, Hong Kong
* Robinson Road (Mississippi), a historical road in the US state of Mississippi
* Robinson Road, Singapore
* Former name of Nathan Road in Hong Kong
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WIKI
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Babar Saleem Swati
Babar Saleem Swati (بابر سلیم سواتی) also known as Babar Saleem Khan Jahangiri is a Pakistani politician and landlord who is the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa since 29 February 2024. He is member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from the constituency PK -37 Mansehra -II. Previously, he was a member of the Provincial Assembly from 2018 to 2022 and served as Advisor to the Chief Minister on Home and Tribal Affairs from October 2022 till January 2023. He belongs to the Jehangiri family within the Swati tribe of Mansehra.
Background
Babar Saleem Swati was born into Jehangiri family of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's first biggest Jageerdar tribe, The Swatis. His forefather Sultan Jehangir Gabri,a grandson of Sultan Pakhal Gibari was the ruler of Sultanate of Swat.
Babar Saleem Swati is the grandson of Jageerdar Jummah Khan Swati who was the fourth "Khan of Mansehra City" during British Rule and great-grandson of Jageerdar Zaman Khan Swati who was the third inherited "Khan of Mansehra" during the Sikh rule. His uncle Tariq Khan Swati had been member for provincial assembly for the 3 consecutives terms from 1990 to 2002. His grandfather's brother Ali Gohar Khan Swati was the fifth Khan of Mansehra, prominent leader of All India Muslim League, governor of Sirnagar, agriculture minister of Kashmir state and had the title of "Khan Bahadur" given by the viceroy of India.
Political career
2002 General Elections He took part in politics for the first time in 2002, becoming the next successor of Jageerdar Zaman Khan family politics. He fought against his own family member Tariq Khan Swati who previously remained MPA for the 12 years. Muhammad Shujah Khan Swati stood first by grabbing 13014 votes followed by Tariq Khan Swati securing 10320 votes and Babar Saleem Swati, an independent candidate secured 5191 votes.
2008 General Elections
Babar Saleem Swati, a Pakistani politician, made his electoral debut again in 2008 when he contested as a member of the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz). In this election, he went head-to-head against 3 times elected former MPA Tariq Khan Swati, who held the title of "Khan(نواب) of Mansehra City" and also happened to be a first cousin of Babar Saleem Swati's grandfather. Babar Saleem Swati secured 12504 votes, Tariq Khan Swati secured 8013 votes while the winner Muhammad Shuja Khan Swati secured 25858 votes.
2013 General Elections
In 2013, Babar Saleem Swati chose to run independently, facing off against his own cousin, Khurram Khan Swati. Despite the familial competition, the 2013 election results showed Babar Saleem Swati securing 12,944 votes, while his cousin Khurram Khan Swati received 10,614 votes. However, the eventual victor of the election was Sardar Zahoor Ahmed, who garnered 21,991 votes. In this election, Habibullah Khan(Self-claimed Chief of Swati tribe) also participated and secured 7087 votes while his cousin Shuja Khan Swati secured 17229 votes.
2018 General Elections
He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf from Constituency PK-31 (Mansehra-II) in 2018 Pakistani general election. He also served as advisor to Chief Minister on Home and tribal affairs during this term.
2024 General Elections
He is re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as a PTI-backed Independent candidate from Constituency PK-37 (Mansehra-II) in 2024 Pakistani general election. He grabbed 35,213 votes while his opponent Sardar Zahoor Ahmad got 20,950 votes.
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WIKI
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Six Turkish security force members killed in Kurdish militant attack: security sources
DIYARBAKIR, Turkey (Reuters) - Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) militants staged an attack near a military base in southeast Turkey’s Siirt province, killing six Turkish security force members and wounding seven, security sources said on Friday. They said the attack occurred in the area of a military base in the Eruh district of Siirt and that those killed were from a village guard militia which supports the Turkish military. The sources initially said five soldiers were killed. It was not clear when the attack occurred. State-run Anadolu news agency said four soldiers and three village guards were also wounded in the attack, which occurred in an area where road construction work was being carried out. The PKK is designated a terrorist group by Turkey, the United States and the European Union. Conflict in mainly Kurdish southeast Turkey generally escalates as spring arrives in the mountainous region. More than 40,000 people have been killed in the conflict between the Turkish state and the PKK, which launched a separatist insurgency in 1984. The conflict intensified after a ceasefire collapsed in 2015. Earlier this month, Turkey captured the northern Syrian town of Afrin after a two-month offensive against the Syrian Kurdish YPG militia, which Ankara views as an extension of the PKK. Writing by Daren Butler; Editing by Dominic Evans
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Fachinal Airport
Fachinal Airport (Aeropuerto Fachinal, is an airstrip 38 km west of Chile Chico in the Aysén Region of Chile.
The small agricultural settlement of Fachinal (es) is on a point on the south shore of General Carrera Lake 40 km west of the Argentina border.
There is mountainous terrain in all quadrants. Approach and departure to either end of the runway are over the lake. The runway has an additional 215 m of unpaved overrun on the west end.
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WIKI
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- from Buried Treasure
Angry mummies in movies such as The Mummy and The Mummy’s Curse are annoyed at having their centuries-long sleep disturbed.
In reality, mummy finds are greeted with great joy by everyone involved. Everyone except the mummies, of course! Mummies (preserved bodies of people and animals) offer important information about the lives of people who may have lived more than 3,000 years ago.
One spectacular mummy find was made in 1987. Walter Alva was director of the Bruning Museum in Peru. He was determined to find the origin of some very elaborate ancient goldwork that had begun to appear on the market. After much research, he discovered that the brilliant goldwork was coming from the village of Sipán in northwestern Peru, where a people called the Moche had lived between the first and eighth centuries A.D. Until recently, little was known about the Moche.
Dr. Alva began to excavate the site. He had no idea that he would come upon the richest tombs ever discovered by archaeologists in the Western Hemisphere.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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Excélsior
Excélsior is a daily newspaper in Mexico City. It is the second oldest paper in the city after El Universal, printing its first issue on March 18, 1917.
The newspaper's headquarters are located at Avenida Bucareli 1 in Colonia Juárez, Mexico City, at the intersection between that avenue and Paseo de la Reforma, which is known as Esquina de la Información (the "Information Corner" or "News Corner" in Spanish), since the headquarters of El Universal are also within this area. The historic building of its headquarters is located between Paseo de la Reforma 18 and Avenida Bucareli 17, next to the modern building.
History
Originating from the weekly journal Revista de revistas, Excélsior was founded by Rafael Alducin and first published in Mexico City on March 18, 1917. Before choosing its current location, the headquarters were initially set at the corner between the streets of Colón and Rosales (this corner no longer exists, it was located around the area where the Torre del Caballito is today), and then they moved to Nuevo México street (today known as Artículo 123 street). All of these locations are within Cuauhtémoc borough, near the historic center of Mexico City.
The historic building of its current headquarters began construction in 1922 and concluded in December 1924. The building was designed, at the behest of Alducin, by Italian architect Silvio Contri, the construction was directed by Carlos Borgatt, and engineers Miguel Rebolledo and Manuel Marroquín y Rivera would also participate. The building has two distinct looking façades facing each avenue (Reforma and Bucareli), despite that both belong to a single building.
In April 1924, Alducin died at the age of 35, and his family led the newspaper into difficult times. Ultimately, it was reconstituted as a worker-owned cooperative in 1932, with one-time accountant Gilberto Figueroa named general manager. His ability to manage finances and broker compromise within the newspaper contributed to a successful 30-year reign, in which the newspaper would become politically and economically stable.
Beginning in 1968, the newspaper's editorial stance was of a relatively liberal bent, under the editorship of Julio Scherer García. After Scherer left the newspaper in 1976, the editorial stance became more overtly supportive of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and the Mexican establishment in general, in a move spurred when President Luis Echeverría secretly incited a group of workers to take over the cooperative and install new leadership. The "Excélsior coup" instituted the new leadership that would be at the head of Excélsior until 2001. The outgoing editorial staff went on to found new publications, like Proceso, Vuelta and Unomásuno.
In 2001, Regino Díaz Redondo, who had led the paper since 1976, was ousted, leaving in his wake a disorganized cooperative and an indebted newspaper. The end of the PRI's hold on Mexican politics brought with it a falling out of favor for the publication.
In January 2006, the newspaper was sold to Grupo Imagen, the owners of radio and TV interests in Mexico City, headed by Olegario Vázquez Raña. The cooperative voted 591–7 to authorize the sale of Excélsior. The sale led to the dissolution of the cooperative and the relaunch of the newspaper on March 18, 2006. The publication of its weekly journal Revista de revistas ended. Its main writers also contribute to Imagen radio and Cadena Tres; Excélsior TV, a cable news channel also available over the air in Mexico City, launched in September 2013.
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WIKI
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THE MAYAN BALL GAME
Cultures are part and parcel of humanity. It is a way in which human beings spend their daily lives from generation to generation. The Mayan ball game according to the book “Of Cannibals” by Montaigne. Montaigne wrote the book after going back to his country in Europe shortly after coming back from exploration travel to Southern America. He found out the culture of the people of the said region practiced was far different from where he came from.
The people practiced a type of ball game where they used it as past time activity, a cultural sport that was important to the community at last. The game was a sign of wealth and prosperity to the cities that got involved in. The competition required the players to play in an arena where they would defeat one another when the game ended those who died in the game would be buried under the ball game arena (de Certeau, Michel 20).
On the other hand, the game was associated with the basis of people becoming loyal to the gods. Therefore, after the game rituals had to be performed, and the type of sacrifice was a human. The people believed that they had to work towards pleasing their gods for them to lengthen their survival. Hence they would sacrifice kings captured during the war, or even those who were losers in the Mayan ball game and the above is what made them believe in the protection of their gods after a sacrifice has been made.
Since Montaigne came from a societ…
Free The Mayan Ball Game Essay Sample, Download Now
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|
FINEWEB-EDU
|
Design of arduino-based loading management system to improve continuity of solar power supply
Muhardika Muhardika, Syafii Syafii
Abstract
Solar power plants using environmentally friendly technology in the process of harvesting energy from the sun can be a solution to the future electricity crisis so that it has been the most widely developed and reliable alternative. However, the conversion of solar energy depends on the availability and conditions of sunlight. In sunny conditions, the PV system can serve large loads while charging the battery to the maximum. While in cloudy weather conditions or at night, the PV system serves the load and without charge of the battery. The battery will discharge the stored energy until it runs out, and the supply to the load will be cut off before the desired time. Therefore, research on the PV system loading management system is needed to increase the amount of electricity from solar energy and maintain the continuity of electricity supply to the load. The load power management strategy follows the conditions of sunny, cloudy, rainy, or night time by considering the remaining capacity of the battery that can be used. Load installations are designed to consist of low, medium, and high load installations. Simulation results show that the use of PV loading management strategies can increase the operating time of the PV system. When the remaining less than 10% battery capacity and PLN supply is available, the supply will be switched to PLN. The remaining 10% of PV battery capacity could be used to maintain electricity supply to a low load if the PLN supply interrupted. Thus, the use of a loading management strategy will increase the electricity supply from renewable energy and improve the sustainability of electricity supply.
Keywords
Arduino controller; Loading management system; Solar power supply
Full Text:
PDF
DOI: http://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i3.pp1677-1684
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
No Description
You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
xep-0007.xml 6.4KB
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1. <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
2. <!DOCTYPE xep SYSTEM 'xep.dtd' [
3. <!ENTITY % ents SYSTEM "xep.ent">
4. %ents;
5. ]>
6. <?xml-stylesheet type='text/xsl' href='xep.xsl'?>
7. <xep>
8. <header>
9. <title>Conferencing SIG</title>
10. <abstract>A proposal for a Jabber Interest Group that will discuss the protocol for implementing many-to-many communications.</abstract>
11. &LEGALNOTICE;
12. <number>0007</number>
13. <status>Obsolete</status>
14. <type>SIG Proposal</type>
15. <sig>Conferencing</sig>
16. <approver>Board</approver>
17. <dependencies/>
18. <supersedes/>
19. <supersededby/>
20. <shortname>N/A</shortname>
21. <author>
22. <firstname>David</firstname>
23. <surname>Waite</surname>
24. <email>akuma@jabber.org</email>
25. <jid>akuma@jabber.org</jid>
26. </author>
27. <revision>
28. <version>1.1</version>
29. <date>2002-05-08</date>
30. <initials>psa</initials>
31. <remark>Changed Status to Obsolete per approval of XEP-0019.</remark>
32. </revision>
33. <revision>
34. <version>1.0</version>
35. <date>2001-08-03</date>
36. <initials>akuma</initials>
37. <remark>Initial version</remark>
38. </revision>
39. </header>
40. <section1 topic='Introduction'>
41. <p>The following proposal is for the formation of a Jabber Interest Group that will create a new conferencing protocol, as well as create additional functionality and standardize communications on top of said conferencing protocol.</p>
42. </section1>
43. <section1 topic='Base conferencing protocol'>
44. <p>The initial task of the Conferencing SIG will be to propose a Jabber Conferencing specification that will solve various problems which exist in the current "groupchat" specification. This specification is meant to be a foundation for additional functionality; it defines the framework needed to provide additional features, without requiring changes to the framework specification itself. There is also to be a certain amount of feature-negotiation included; the conferencing service can define what features can be declared for a room, both as optional and required client features for room participation.</p>
45. <p>The framework's scope consists of the following minimum functionality:</p>
46. <ul>
47. <li>Browsing a list of public rooms</li>
48. <li>Finding a public room based on search parameters</li>
49. <li>Creating new rooms</li>
50. <li>Destroying rooms</li>
51. <li>Entering existing rooms</li>
52. <li>Altering functionality of a room</li>
53. <li>Querying a room for public information</li>
54. <li>Sending and accepting invitations to a room</li>
55. <li>Changing a participant's nickname within a room</li>
56. <li>Discovering and changing features on a running room</li>
57. <li>Changing a participant's status within a room</li>
58. <li>Sending a message to a room or a specific participant within a room</li>
59. </ul>
60. <p>In addition to these basic functions, we can imagine numerous different types of conferencing features; for example, hidden rooms created on the fly for discussions between a Jabber user and their friends or co-workers, transports providing access to similar foreign systems such as IRC, additional client functionality such as shared-location (URL/Co-browsing) and whiteboarding, and so on. There might also be requirements for security levels (for instance, normal participant, moderator, and room admin). Additional information may also be conveyed to users about one another, such as a user's real Jabber ID. Room entry or participation within a discussion might also have restrictions on some systems.</p>
61. <p>The framework protocol is meant to provide a basis for designing these additional features. Some features, such as co-browsing, could be implemented entirely client-side; others may require significant logic within the conferencing implementation. In addition, some features may be optional for participation within a room, while other features could be required in order for a client to participate within a room.</p>
62. </section1>
63. <section1 topic='Justification for new Conferencing protocol'>
64. <p>While the current "groupchat" specification is rather simple to implement, it is rather inflexible and cannot easily be extended; specifically, it has the following disadvantages:</p>
65. <ul>
66. <li>There is no control over how you enter a room - for instance, you can not specify a password for entering a password-protected room.</li>
67. <li>There is no way to create a room without entering it, and no way to tell the state of the room without being a participant within it. This means among other things that a client can not transparently use groupchat for starting multi-user chats.</li>
68. <li>Changes in room state are often conveyed via text messages rather than XML. Among other things, this limits the display of messages to the English language and limits a client author's freedom in displaying this information.</li>
69. <li>A Participant's entry into a room is abstracted from their real Jabber account in both the old and new protocols; however, "groupchat" provides no way of tracking users across nickname changes or across sessions within a conference room.</li>
70. <li>The "groupchat" protocol has no way of performing feature negotiation (e.g., specifying the additional protocol elements needed to participate in a room, or optionally allowed from participants within a room). If there were participants with clients sending custom data through the room (such as XHTML or whiteboarding), you would receive that information even without your client being able to support it, and have no way of distinguishing altered behavior due to additional features of a "groupchat" implementation.</li>
71. </ul>
72. <p>This new conferencing protocol will be designed to solve these problems.</p>
73. <p>Because of the prevalence of the existing "groupchat" specification for multi-user chats, a long conversion process is anticipated. A server implementation which supports both protocols will simply not allow "groupchat"-only clients to participate in rooms with required features.</p>
74. </section1>
75. <section1 topic='Continuing Development'>
76. <p>As listed above, there is a fairly large number of features that could be developed on top of a well-designed framework. The Conferencing SIG will first be established to develop a framework, with features mainly being compared against the framework for feasibility of implementation. After a proposal has been formalized as a specification, the SIG will become a group for discussing and proposing new features, and for formally specifying those features.</p>
77. </section1>
78. </xep>
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Time to Take Profits in Vitamin Shoppe Stock
InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips
After a dismal 2017, retailers have mostly rallied in 2018, and Vitamin Shoppe (NYSE: VSI ) has been one of the biggest winners. VSI stock has gained over 150% just since early April. An activist effort, two straight quarters of "good enough" earnings, and likely some short-covering have driven the rally.
Back above $10, however, VSI stock looks potentially volatile. Margins are razor-thin, meaning modestly good - or bad - news could send the stock moving sharply in either direction. And the risk of a pullback seems rather high.
Long-term performance hasn't been that impressive. First-half numbers themselves have hardly been spectacular. Vitamin Shoppe has cleaned up its balance sheet but still has nearly half a billion dollars in operating leases due after this year.
With competition rising, there seems to be a lot of risk here. While VSI admittedly still could move higher, the smart play seems to be to take at least some money off the table.
A Blowout Q2
The big gains came on Wednesday, with VSI stock climbing 32% after a strong Q2 earnings report. But while the news compared to expectations looks impressive, the numbers relative to last year are not quite as stunning.
15 Stocks to Buy Ahead of the Fall Season
On the top line, revenue of $293.7 million dropped 1.1% year-over-year. Same-store sales fell by the same percentage. That's not exactly impressive, but it was better than expected. Analysts forecast a roughly 5% drop on both fronts. Adjusted EPS of $0.31 was flat relative to Q2 2017 levels.
But that figure compared to consensus of just $0.05 and likely was a big driver in Wednesday's huge gains. A company that seemingly was left for dead just a few months ago now looks much healthier from a bottom-line standpoint.
Caution Still Advised
All that said, some caution is advised. As impressive as recent performance seems for both the company and VSI stock, comparisons matter. VSI stock, for instance, has risen 271% from its 52-week low. But it's still below levels reached 15 months ago, and more than 50% cheaper than it was at the beginning of 2017.
Those declines came in large part due to a disastrous performance in 2017. Comparable-store net sales dropped 6.9% for the full year. In last year's Q2, same-store sales declined 8.3%, and online sales fell more than 20%. In that context, flat earnings, further weakness in-store, and a 37% increase in digital sales isn't nearly that impressive.
Is it progress? Absolutely. And management sees that progress continuing in Q3 and Q4. But Vitamin Shoppe also is heading into seasonally weaker quarters, where non-GAAP profits are likely to turn into losses. And beyond 2018, the story here remains a little bit tricky.
Is a Turnaround on the Way?
In many ways, VSI's bull/bear debate reflects that of the industry as a whole.
Are the gains in retail stocks of late - stocks like Abercrombie & Fitch (NYSE: ANF ), Urban Outfitters (NASDAQ: URBN ) and American Eagle Outfitters (NYSE: AEO ) all have gained at least 160% from 52-week lows - a sign that the market overreacted last year, and brick-and-mortar retailing isn't dead?
Or is this just a "dead cat bounce," with the sector benefiting from a strong economy and easy comparisons?
That question can be asked of Vitamin Shoppe, and from here, it's far too early to declare victory. Again, comparisons are easy across the board. The vitamin industry hardly seems healthy. Rival GNC Holdings (NYSE: GNC ) looked potentially headed for bankruptcy before receiving a lifeline earlier this year. Yet GNC stock is back to threatening an all-time low.
Online competition is rising, with Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS ) a backer of startup Care/Of , whose valuation is approaching that of the publicly traded chains. And I'm skeptical Vitamin Shoppe's brand is quite enough to outwit that startup, let alone major grocers or Amazon (NASDAQ: AMZN ).
Indeed, Vitamin Shoppe's online sales fell 12% over the past three years, at a time when they should have been rising nicely. Strength on that front in the first half is a step in the right direction, but only a step.
The Bull Case for VSI Stock
That said, there's a lot of upside here if the turnaround does hold. The midpoint of updated full-year guidance suggests VSI will generate about $5 million in operating income, a margin of less than 0.5%.
It doesn't take much in the way of improvement to move those profits up substantially and quickly. Debt has been repaid, with Vitamin Shoppe repurchasing its convertible debt below par. By getting operating margins to 3-4% and some gross margin expansion and/or enough revenue growth to leverage costs, VSI could continue to climb.
But that's a big ask with still-negative sales. And Vitamin Shoppe has an anchor around its neck in some $516 million in operating lease commitments after this year, with $162 million committed after 2022 . That belies the argument that Vitamin Shoppe can nimbly pivot to the online business, and leaves a high cost structure in place while it tries to compete with online-only sellers.
VSI Stock - You Won't Find Strength in Vitamin Shoppe
Is a turnaround possible? Certainly. But I don't think it's likely. And with VSI now trading at a sector-level ~7x EBITDA (based on guidance) and up 150% in a matter of months, I wouldn't be terribly comfortable holding it.
As of this writing, Vince Martin has no positions in any securities mentioned.
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The post Time to Take Profits in Vitamin Shoppe Stock appeared first on InvestorPlace .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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M69 motorway
The M69 is a 15.7 mi dual three lane dual carriageway motorway in Leicestershire and Warwickshire, England. It runs between junction 21 of the M1 near Leicester and junction 2 of the M6 near Coventry. It opened in 1977.
History
The motorway, also known at the time as the 'Coventry – Leicester Motorway' was completed in 1977 following a public inquiry in 1972. It took traffic from the A46, which was subsequently downgraded.
Route
Starting at the north-eastern suburbs of Coventry at junction 2 of the M6, the motorway crosses the Coventry Canal and then continues north-east past Bulkington and west of Wolvey before turning more easterly to run south of Hinckley (junction 2, known locally as 'Reacharound Island' because of the limited slip roads). It then crosses the Birmingham to Peterborough railway line terminating in the vicinity of suburban Enderby and Braunstone to the south-west of Leicester junction 3, where it meets the M1 with continuation along the A5460/A563 towards Leicester.
The M69 has no motorway service area given that this function is fulfilled at present by Leicester Forest East services and Corley services in close proximity to the start and end points of this relatively short motorway.
Proposed developments
There is an aspiration to construct a new slip road and road bridge for traffic travelling southbound on the M1 to join the M69.
Plans for a service station were announced in November 2023, to be located at junction one at the Stretton Baskerville roundabout. Welcome Break's application will be the first service station for the route. The route has been without services for over 50 years and currently has a 26-mile unserviced stretch, which exceeds the government's maximum recommendation of 14 miles between heavy goods vehicle stations.
Junctions
{| class="plainrowheaders wikitable" !scope=col|County !scope=col|Location !scope=col|mi !scope=col|km !scope=col|Junction !scope=col|Destinations !scope=col|Notes
* rowspan="2" |Warwickshire
* Coventry
* 0
* 0
* bgcolor="#ddffdd" |M6 J2
* bgcolor="#ddffdd" | – Birmingham, Manchester – Coventry – Coventry
* bgcolor="#ddffdd" |road continues south as A46
* rowspan="2" |—
* 6.2
* 10.0
* 1
* – Tamworth, Rugby B4109 – Hinckley
* rowspan="2" |Leicestershire
* 8.9
* 14.3
* bgcolor="ffdddd" |2
* bgcolor="ffdddd" |B4669 – Hinckley, Sapcote
* bgcolor="ffdddd" |No Northbound entrance or Southbound exit
* Leicester
* 15.7
* 25.3
* M1 J21
* – Nottingham, Northampton, London – Leicester
* Leicester
* 15.7
* 25.3
* M1 J21
* – Nottingham, Northampton, London – Leicester
* Coordinate list
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WIKI
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User:ASPL LEADER/sandbox/ASPL Leadership
ASPL Leadership refers to the leadership of the Austere Systems Private Limited, a company in Pune, India. ASPL is a software development company that offers cutting-edge IT services and solutions to companies. The company delivers and designs innovative applications using emerging technologies in accordance with industry standards. Founded in 2013, Austere has grown in the software development industry. Over the past nine years, the company has consulted, designed, and developed digital products for a range of clients. The company's mission is to bridge the gap between business and technology, helping clients achieve their goals through customized software solutions. The leadership of the Company include Shikhir Gupta CEO, Rahul Teni CTO and Piyush Gupta CFO
RAHUL TENI (CTO)
ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS
MS Software Engineering - BITS Pilani - 2006-2008 B.E Computer (Hons ) - SSBT Collage of Engineering - 2000-2004 H. S.C - North Maharashtra University - 1999-2000 S.S.C - North Maharashtra University - 1988-1998
Number of years in marketing cum survey: 16+ years One of the leaders of Austere Systems, Rahul Teni has a long track record of successfully managing software projects with technical expertise and skills of architect level. With extensive knowledge of all current technology, market trends and regulatory issues with different approaches along with cost impact, he is an inspiring and motivational technical manager with first-rate interpersonal skills and the ability and passion to develop the vision of any team he manages.
He is able to push performance improvement whilst at the same time delivering growth. Possessing vast managing projects and CTO-like experience, he will always ensure that clear objectives and expectations are delivered and maintained. Right now he is taking care for a rare & exciting opportunity with an ambitious business that wants to grow.
• Austere Systems Private Limited formally known as Austere Technology Solutions Solution Architect Mar 2011 – Present
• Cynosure Software Solutions. SOLUTION ARCHITECT Mar 2009 – Feb 2011
• Infosys Ltd. PROGRAMMER ANALST Sep 2008 – Mar 2009
• Cognizant Technology Solutions. ASSOCIATE Mar 2005 – Sep 2008
• Softaid Ltd. SOFTWARE ENGINEER Jun 2004 – Mar 2005
SHIKHIR GUPTA (CEO & Co-Founder)
Shikhir working with ASPL as CEO. He has completed his B.E. Hons in Electronics & Communication. He completed diploma in Cyber Crime from Indian Law School .He has 19+ years of work experience .He had worked with Cognizant ,Satyam & Colt prior to ASPL
Professional Experience – Technical Consulting Coastal Scheduler
• Largest Oil & Gas Manufacturer in India
Shikhir has led a 40 member team to develop the coastal optimizer and related dashboards for the client. He has interacted with multiple technical team to gather the requirements and create detailed requirement and design and technical documents • Logistics Control Tower – Cement Manufacturer in India Shikhir has worked extensively with the logistics & Sales team to understand their overall processes in detail, the KPI’s they track and the pain points He has interacted with stakeholders across various functions in the organization (sales, commercial, logistics and manufacturing) to understand their requirement with respect to provide user friendly UI He has designed & configured all ( DEV/UAT/PROD) environment required for delivering the project in the organization, which were then deployed accordingly
• Hafed Retail Operation Management, Government of Haryana Shikhir had worked on design of application through which supply chain of retail consumer project sold at retail point of Hafed across Haryana/Chandigarh/Delhi .Post GO Live of this application ,transport cost optimised along with control on theft during transition & POS sale.
• DW Solution in FMCG Industry Shikhir had worked with Walmart in the capacity of data load planning & monitoring of financial transactions across US. He has set up DR (Disaster recovery) for the purpose of BCP for Walmart Server Chemicals – AI Enabled Optimization for Workload Distribution Shikhir has worked for developing optimizer for distribution work load for pathology with different branches and analysis of results based on past data. Metal Industry – Optimizer for Sheet cutting Shikhir has worked for developing optimizer for creating plan for sheet cutting based on size of products and requirements so that wastage can be minimal.
• Skills Shikhir has always been an excellent team player with a thorough focus on learning and research before proceeding to do the task He is proficient in Data Architect Design & Solutioning of data flow in application His software skillset is varied and includes: SAP Implementation, SAP DW/BI Solutions, Informatica, SAP BO ,Netezza,Power BI ,AI-ML Models
• Technical Journey Shikhir has worked Core hands on database like Oracle, MySQL, Netezza.,MSSQL He has helped in designing architecture for various application on Education domain, retail industry ,telecom industry. He has also worked on presentations & projects for multiple State Government in the department like Agriculture, Rural & Panchayat, Urban Local Bodies, Anti Corruption Bureau,Haryana
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WIKI
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What_Do_Dentists_Wear
What Do Dentists Wear
What do dentists wear?
Dentists are the unsung heroes of our dental hygiene routine. They’re the ones who keep our teeth and gums healthy, make sure our smile is bright and shiny, and prevent any potential dental problems.
But have you ever wondered what they wear while performing all these dental miracles? Do they wear those classic white coats like doctors, or do they have completely different outfits for the job?
Well, the answer might surprise you! In this article, we’ll dive into the world of dentistry and explore what dentists wear while working their magic in our mouths. From the protective gear to the nifty gadgets, we’ll uncover the mysteries of the dental wardrobe and reveal why dentists look the way they do.
What Do Dentists Wear
Dentists typically wear a specific uniform or clothing that is comfortable, practical, and designed to protect the dentist and the patient during dental procedures. Here are some of the most common items of clothing worn by dentists:
1. Scrubs – Most dentists wear scrubs, which are lightweight, loose-fitting pants and shirts made from comfortable, breathable fabrics. Scrubs are designed to be easy to move in and to keep the dentist cool and comfortable during procedures.
2. Lab Coats – Some dentists wear coats over their scrubs for extra protection. Lab coats are typically made from a heavier, more durable fabric and are designed to protect the dentist’s clothes from stains and spills.
3. Masks – Dentists wear masks during dental procedures to protect themselves and their patients from airborne particles and bacteria. Masks may be made from disposable materials or may be reusable and washable.
4. Gloves – To prevent the spread of germs and bacteria, dentists also wear gloves during procedures. Gloves are typically made from latex, vinyl, or nitrile and are designed to fit snugly and provide high tactile sensitivity.
5. Protective Eyewear – To protect their eyes from debris and particles during procedures, dentists also wear protective eyewear, such as safety glasses or goggles.
Overall, dentists wear clothing and accessories that are comfortable, practical, and protective. By wearing the right clothing and equipment, dentists can perform their work safely and efficiently while ensuring the comfort and safety of their patients. This can be seen across different roles within a dental office, including that of a dentist assistant.
For more information, consider visiting sites like Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Dental Settings and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) – Dentistry Workers and Employers.
How Should You Dress as a Dentist?
When dressing as a dentist, it’s important to balance professionalism and comfort. As a healthcare professional, you want to present a polished, put-together appearance that inspires confidence in your patients.
First and foremost, you should always wear clean and well-maintained clothing. This means avoiding clothing that is stained, ripped, or frayed. You should also avoid wearing anything too tight or revealing, as this can distract your patients.
Regarding specific clothing items, a crisp, white lab coat is a classic choice for dentists. Not only does it convey professionalism, but it also helps to protect your clothing from spills and stains. Underneath the lab coat, you can wear comfortable scrubs, dress pants, and a button-down shirt.
Comfortable shoes are also a must, as you’ll likely be on your feet for extended periods. Closed-toe shoes with good arch support are a good choice, as they offer protection from spills and potential hazards.
Ultimately, the goal is to look neat, clean, and professional while still feeling comfortable and moving around easily. By following these tips, you can ensure that you’re dressed appropriately for your role as a dentist. But remember, clothes only make the dentist as much as their skills. So, you would also need to have the right skills to be an effective dentist.
What Do Female Dentists Wear
Female dentists typically wear the same clothing and protective gear as male dentists. The most common attire for dentists is scrubs, available in various colors and styles.
In addition to scrubs, female dentists may wear additional layers, such as a lab coat, to protect their clothing during procedures. Lab coats are typically white or light in color and may be embroidered with the dentist’s name or practice logo.
Female dentists may also choose to wear additional accessories, such as jewelry or hair accessories, as long as they do not interfere with patient care or safety. However, it is important to note that some dental practices may have specific dress codes prohibiting certain jewelry or accessories.
Female dentists wear protective gear during procedures, including masks, gloves, and eyewear. These items are designed to protect the dentist and the patient from airborne particles and bacteria and are essential to maintaining a clean and safe dental environment.
Overall, while there may be some variation in the specific styles and colors of the clothing worn by female dentists, they typically wear the same type of protective gear as their male counterparts to ensure patient safety and comfort during dental procedures.
Why Do Dentists Wear Scrubs?
First of all, it’s important to understand what scrubs are. Scrubs are clothing designed to be comfortable and easy to move around in, which is why they’re commonly worn by medical professionals, including dentists.
Now, as for why dentists specifically wear scrubs, there are a few reasons. One is that scrubs are easy to clean and sanitize, which is important in a dental office where cleanliness and hygiene are top priorities. Scrubs can be washed at high temperatures to kill bacteria and other germs, helping prevent infection spread.
Another reason why dentists wear scrubs is that they’re practical. Dentists need to move around easily while they work, and scrubs provide them with the necessary flexibility. They also have pockets to hold tools and other equipment, which is handy when working with your hands.
Finally, scrubs symbolize professionalism and help create a consistent look for the dental team. When patients see their dentist and other dental professionals wearing scrubs, it helps to reinforce the idea that they’re in a safe, clean, and professional environment.
So there you have it! Dentists wear scrubs for practical reasons, to promote hygiene and professionalism, and to make it easier for them to do their job.
Do Dentists Wear Stethoscopes
While dentists may use some of the same tools and equipment as doctors, such as gloves, masks, and goggles, they typically do not wear stethoscopes. Stethoscopes are mainly used to listen to sounds of the heart, lungs, and other internal organs. These are not typically areas that dentists need to focus on during routine dental examinations or treatments.
However, in some cases, dentists may need to collaborate with other healthcare professionals, such as physicians or cardiologists, to treat patients with specific medical conditions that may affect their dental health. In these cases, a stethoscope may be used by the collaborating healthcare professional to assess the patient’s overall health and determine the best course of treatment.
Overall, while dentists may work closely with other healthcare professionals, their primary focus is on oral health, and they typically do not wear stethoscopes as part of their routine practice.
About Us:
As experts in Dental Contract Review, we proudly serve dental professionals. We understand healthcare’s intricacies and offer comprehensive contract reviews to ensure clarity, fairness, and career benefit. To learn more or schedule a review, contact us today.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Starbucks Earnings Show Us the Amazing Benefits of Pricing Power
Investors largely cheered the latest report from Starbucks . Shares of the coffee giant rose 6% and hit a record last Friday due to better than expected fiscal first quarter earnings. The company grew revenue and profits, and the solid quarter capped off a very successful 2014. Starbucks reaped the benefits of its aggressive pricing strategy enacted last year, which was met with a good deal of controversy at the time.
Critics contended that consumers don't take price hikes lightly, and that it was foolish to increase prices and risk alienating customers in an economy that remains fragile for so many. However, this argument was proven dead wrong. Here's how Starbucks' pricing strategy directly led to its outstanding earnings results.
First, a quick review
Total sales grew by 13% year-over-year to $4.8 billion. Comparable, or "same-store" sales, which encompass locations open at least one year, also increased by 5%. Adjusted earnings clocked in at $0.80 per share, up 16% year-over-year. Both total revenue and adjusted earnings per share were right in line with analyst estimates, according to S&P Capital IQ.
The top line benefited from a combination of rising traffic and continued store openings. Guest traffic at comparable stores increased 2% globally. In addition, Starbucks opened 512 new locations during the quarter, with many of those locations in emerging markets. The coffee chain is making great strides in its international business, as the company achieved 8% comparable sales growth in its China and Asia-Pacific region.
Starbucks in Seoul, South Korea. Source: Starbucks Website
Starbucks also hit it out of the park for the holidays. According to management, one of every seven Americans received a Starbucks gift card during the holiday season. The My Starbucks Rewards program now has over 9 million members after another 896,000 signed up last quarter.
The wonder of pricing power
Starbucks announced midway through 2014 that customers would pay $0.05 to $0.20 more for someof its in-store beverages. Furthermore, the retail price of packaged Starbucks coffee bags sold in grocery stores went up by about $1. The company took a lot of heat for this decision, but it was a necessary response to rising coffee prices. The price of Arabica beans had increased more than 50% leading up to the price move. In such situations, companies must make a difficult decision: Either pass on those higher costs to customers or eat the costs and suffer margin erosion.
Starbucks chose the former, and operating margin came in at 19.5%, which represented an 80 basis point expansion from the same period last year. Margins continue to grow simultaneously alongside increasing traffic and average ticket. There is little to suggest the price hikes last year hurt the company -- the exact opposite occurred.
The main takeaway here is that premium brands command pricing power, and it would be foolish not to leverage this when conditions warrant doing so. Starbucks is a premium coffee, and customers proved their willingness to pay more rather than seek out cheaper alternatives. While consumers are broadly price sensitive, the power of the Starbucks brand largely mitigated any negative effects of their aggressive strategy.
1 great stock to buy for 2015 and beyond
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The article Starbucks Earnings Show Us the Amazing Benefits of Pricing Power originally appeared on Fool.com.
Bob Ciura has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool recommends Starbucks. The Motley Fool owns shares of Starbucks. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days . We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
Copyright © 1995 - 2015 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Talk:Harry Hooman
Regarding my edit, I went to school with Harry and the information I put up was true. Why was this taken down? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:29, 1 May 2012 (UTC)
* Your information was removed because all Biographies of living persons must be extra-carefully referenced. The information you posted was potentially controversial or damaging, and while WP does not want to censor information in any way, they do require references for such material. References can include any major new source (not a blog). Nightenbelle (talk) 17:32, 1 May 2012 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Arjun Balu
Arjun Balu (18 January 1975) is an Indian motorsports driver. After starting as a road racing driver in 1992, he took part in the Indian National Rally Championship for 17 years. He won 11 Championships, all in road racing and is currently racing in the Indian Touring Car (ITC) class in the MRF MMSC fmsci Indian National Car Racing Championship 2023. He is the reigning National champion in the ITC class (2022).
Four of Arjun Balu's title victories were won before the championship got the Indian National status. He won events in both rallying and road racing.
Early career
Born in Coimbatore, Arjun Balu began his motorsports career as a teenager in 1992 with JK Tyre and shifted to rallying in 1995 as a team member of MRF, one of the premier rally teams in the Indian National Rally Championship (INRC). He represented the team for 17 years till he retired from Rallying in 2011 at the Coffee Day rally at Chikmagalur.
Motorsports career
Arjun Balu began as a racing driver 1992 in the Indian Grand Prix at Irungattukottai track. He raced for JK Tyre team along with his brother Sanjay Balu in 1993. After making his rally debut in the INRC in 1994 at the home rally, he was roped in by MRF as one of their top two drivers in 1995. Despite many victories, the National Rally Championship title eluded him and he retired from rallying after 17 years in 2011. But he made a comeback for road racing Nationals, taking part in touring car races at Coimbatore in 2012 and continued in 2013. Arjun Balu's three-decade long career saw him win five titles in FISSME (Formula India Single Seater Maruti Engine) races, popularly known as Formula Maruti India. Then he won Formula Ford 1600cc and along with one Esteem class National title and four ITC titles, he is credited with 11 Indian National Championship victories.
After a gap of five years, Race Concepts Motorsports team principal Joel Joseph offered to prepare a car for Balu, if he is willing to make another comeback. Balu returned to circuit racing in 2018. In his third attempt after the comeback, he won the ITC National title in 2020 and went on to add two more Championship victories in 2021 and 2022.
He took part in the MRF Formula 1600 in 2010 and 2011 and became the National Champion in the Indian Touring Car championship in 2012. Then after a five-year hiatus, Arjun Balu came back to circuit racing in 2018 taking part in the Nationals as part of Race Concepts Motorsports team.
As a rally driver, Arjun Balu won in 1999 the famous South India Rally (SIR), the third round of INRC, along with co-driver Kumar Ramaswamy in an Esteem and took another victory at Hyderabad in December winning the Deccan Rally, the last round of the INRC 1999. He won in Goa in 2003 and came second in the MRF Taj Challenge Rally at the then Calcutta in June 2003. In 2009, he won the popular K1000 rally along with Sujith Kumar BS as navigator and took Indian cricket player Mahendra Singh Dhoni, who attended the rally as a Chief Guest, on a spin on the Super Special Stage track before receiving the trophy from the cricketer.
Arjun Balu remained as the driver for the second team of MRF which deprived him of many results. His first international rally victory came in 2001 in Changchun, China where he won the Asia Zone Rally Championship (AZRC), the precursor to the Asia Pacific Rally Championship (APRC).
Balu has also volunteered to mentor women athletes to promote FIA Women in Motorsports concept.
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WIKI
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Talk:Complex variables
Redirecting
Last month, SilverMatsu created a sort-of disambiguation page at Several complex variables and redirected this page there. These changes were reverted by LaundryPizza03. At the same time, through a bit of confusion, it was suggested at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 June 5, to redirect this page (Complex variables) to Complex analysis, with a hatnote to Function of several complex variables. However, that RfD wasn't the correct venue for the matter and has been closed. Since most editors (SilverMatsu, Adumbrativus and Shhhnotsoloud supported redirection, I think this can be done unless LaundryPizza03 or someone else objects. --Paul_012 (talk) 18:07, 13 June 2021 (UTC)
* I support this. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 18:10, 13 June 2021 (UTC)
* I support too. Thanks to Paul_012 for creating the summary--SilverMatsu (talk) 05:47, 14 June 2021 (UTC)
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WIKI
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1992 North East Fife District Council election
Elections to North East Fife District Council were held in May 1992, the same day as the other Scottish local government elections. The election was the last for the North East Fife District Council, as the council would be replaced on 1 April 1996 by the Fife Council unitary authority after the 1995 election.
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PerlMonks
Excel Save & Cell Protect
by Anonymous Monk
on Sep 11, 2003 at 08:23 UTC ( #290615=perlquestion: print w/ replies, xml ) Need Help??
Anonymous Monk has asked for the wisdom of the Perl Monks concerning the following question:
Answers to either of the following will be much appreciated.
Excel Save
I want to overwrite an existing Excel spreadsheet without being asked the question 'Do I really want to do this'. I could delete the file before overwriting but I wondered if there was an option for the $excel->Workbooks(1)->SaveAs(filename)that allowed this.
Cell Protection
I want to protect cells of an Excel spreadsheet that I create so that when using Excel to read the spreadsheet these cells cannot be modified. How can this be done?
Comment on Excel Save & Cell Protect
Re: Excel Save & Cell Protect
by Anonymous Monk on Sep 11, 2003 at 08:34 UTC
Hi,
Why do't you just do $excel->Workbooks(1)->Save then? You only need SaveAs($fname) if you are changing the name/location of the file.
If you've got Excel installed just do ALT+F11 to get the the VB IDE and then insert a module, type your keywords (e.g. Protect) and hit F1 (help) for the VB syntax.
Something like this should work although you really need to use the manual!
$excel->sheet(1)->Cells(1, 1)->CurrentRegion->Cells->Protect
Many thanks for your reply. I would like to use the manual if only I knew which one it was! Therefore anything like a title would help greatly.
I tried the ALT+F11 with protect and got the following
Example
As it applies to the Chart and Worksheet objects.
This example protects the active worksheet. You can verify the worksheet is protected, by attempting to enter a value into any cell, on the active worksheet.
Sub ProtectSheet()
ActiveSheet.Protect Scenarios:=True, UserInterfaceOnly:=True
End Sub
This example protects the active chart. You can verify the chart is protected, by attempting to enter a value into any cell, on the active worksheet. This example assumes a chart exists in the application.
Sub ProtectChart()
ActiveChart.Protect Scenarios:=True, UserInterfaceOnly:=True
End Sub
This only shows how toprotect whole sheets or charts. I want to protect indivual cells. Therefore I guess I really do need the book!
Re: Excel Save & Cell Protect
by hagen (Friar) on Sep 12, 2003 at 06:26 UTC
Hi anon. You should take a look at cacharbe's node 153486 which I've used to good effect to get a quick handle on Excel munging.
In particular it contains the following re avoiding Excel's warning dialogs:-
"For the sake of this program, we'll turn off all those pesky alert boxes, such as the SaveAs response "This file already exists", etc. using the DisplayAlerts property.
$Excel->{DisplayAlerts}=0;"
Cheers
hagen
Re: Excel Save & Cell Protect
by cacharbe (Curate) on Sep 12, 2003 at 20:41 UTC
I received a private email from the author and answered this question, but I'll post the answer here, just incase others come looking.
You have to protect an entire sheet, and then only allow certain ranges to be edited. It seems kind of backwards, but there you go. Reject All, allow by exception, if you will. And this functionality is only available in Office XP forward. Office 2000 doesn't support the Sheet->Protection objects.
So, this is what you end up with:
#!c:\perl\bin\ use strict; use Win32::OLE qw(in with); use Win32::OLE::Const 'Microsoft Excel'; use Win32::OLE::Variant; use Win32::OLE::NLS qw(:LOCALE :DATE); $Win32::OLE::Warn = 3; # Die on Errors. my $excelfile = 'c:\perl\projects\win32\excel\protect.xls'; my $Excel = Win32::OLE->GetActiveObject('Excel.Application') || Win32::OLE->new('Excel.Application', 'Quit'); $Excel->{DisplayAlerts}=0; my $Book = $Excel->Workbooks->Add(); $Book->SaveAs($excelfile); my $Sheet = $Book->Worksheets("Sheet1"); $Sheet->Activate(); $Sheet->{Name} = "DidItInPerl"; my $vtfalse = Variant(VT_BOOL, 0); my $vttrue = Variant(VT_BOOL, 1); my $Range = $Sheet->Range("A1:c2"); ## You can only use this function in XP forward from what I can see. $Sheet->Protection->AllowEditRanges->Add({Title=>"MyRange", Range=>$Ra +nge}); ## This, however, will work $Sheet->Protect( {DrawingObjects=>$vttrue, Contents=>$vttrue, Scenarios=>$vttrue,}); ## And you can also include the following in XP # AllowFormattingCells=>$vttrue, # AllowFormattingColumns=>$vttrue, # AllowFormattingRows=>$vttrue, # AllowInsertingColumns=>$vttrue, # AllowInsertingRows=>$vttrue, # AllowInsertingHyperlinks=>$vttrue, # AllowDeletingColumns=>$vttrue, # AllowDeletingRows=>$vttrue});
C-.
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Page:Stories and story-telling (1915).djvu/271
were no longer hungry, but ate sweet porridge whenever they chose.
Once when the girl had gone out her mother said, "Cook, little pot, cook." The mother ate till she was satisfied. But when she wanted the pot to stop she found she did not know the word. So it went on cooking and the porridge rose over the edge. STILL it cooked on until the kitchen and the whole house were full, and then the next house, and then the whole street, as if it meant to feed the whole world. No one could stop it.
At last when only one house remained the child came home from the opposite direction and just said, "Stop, little pot, stop," and it stopped.
But whoever wished to come back to the town that night had to eat his way back.
—
FINDING A HOME
Early in spring a couple of bluebirds set out to look for a home.
"What do you think of this vacant dove-cote for our nest, sweet wife?" asked he. "The view from the top of the gable is beautiful."
"I am afraid of all these windows," said she, peeping in at each. "The wind might prove too strong for our little ones when they come."
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Talk:South China AA (basketball)
Naming of the article
South China Athletic Association is now having 2 teams in the top division of the Hong Kong Basketball League, one is named "SCAA" and another is named "Nam Ching". This article is about the team named "SCAA". "SCAA" is more commonly used for this basketball team so I believe "SCAA Basketball" is a more suitable title for this article. Antonytse (talk) 05:04, 31 October 2015 (UTC)
* No it is not. The team in newspaper is known as "South China", while Nam Ching is the transliteration of ("South [China] Youth"). The existence of Nam Ching the youth team did not change to primary topic, which South China, SCAA means South China the male basketball team . Matthew hk (talk) 13:05, 7 January 2019 (UTC)
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Research Article Issue
Constructing hierarchical arrays with core–shell metal oxides@metal coordination polymers for efficient and stable overall water splitting
Nano Research 2024, 17 (6): 4882-4888
Published: 22 February 2024
Abstract PDF (8.1 MB) Collect
Downloads：34
Developing non-precious metal-based bifunctional electrocatalysts capable for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential to achieve efficient water electrolysis for mass hydrogen production, however it remains challenging. Here, we report the synthesis of hierarchical nanorod arrays comprising core–shell structured P-doped NiMoO4@NiFe-coordination polymer (denoted as P-NiMoO4@NiFeCP) as bifunctional electrocatalysts for water electrolysis. Furthermore, we systematically investigate the influence of NiFeCP shell thickness on electrocatalytic activity, manifesting the presence of strong interfacial synergetic effect between P-NiMoO4 and NiFeCP for boosting both the HER and OER. With advantageous hierarchical architectures and unique core–shell structures, optimized P-NiMoO4@NiFeCP-7.3 (7.3 is the shell thickness in nm) requires overpotentials of merely 256 and 297 mV to yield a current density of 1000 mA·cm−2 for the HER and OER in 1 M KOH, respectively. More importantly, it can serve as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient and sustainable overall water electrolysis, delivering large current densities of 500 and 1000 mA·cm−2 at low cell voltages of 1.804 and 1.865 V, along with high stability of over 500 h at 1000 mA·cm−2, demonstrating the great potential of this electrocatalyst towards practical applications.
Research Article Issue
Janus heterostructure of cobalt and iron oxide as dual-functional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Nano Research 2023, 16 (2): 2245-2251
Published: 02 December 2022
Abstract PDF (1.7 MB) Collect
Downloads：64
In electrocatalytic water splitting, low-cost dual-functional catalysts can not only reduce costs but also avoid cross-contamination of cathode and anode. However, the orderly aggregation of active sites for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) into a specific catalyst is very challenging. In this study, a Co/Fe3O4 Janus heterojunction supported on carbon fiber paper (J-CoFe-CFP) is designed and successfully synthesized. Generally, Co-Fe oxides have preferable OER activity but weak HER activity. However, in J-CoFe-CFP, due to the intense and special electronic interaction of different substances (Co and Fe3O4) in the Janus heterogeneous interface, a huge number of tidy high-quality HER and OER active sites are uniformly distributed on the interface simultaneously, which endows the catalyst with both excellent HER and OER performance. In HER, the overpotential @10 mA·cm−2 (ηHER) is only 53.9 mV, and the Tafel slope is 43.7 mV·dec−1. In OER, the η is 272 mV, and the Tafel slope is 50.2 mV·dec−1, much lower than those of RuO2/CFP. In the J-CoFe-CFP||J-CoFe-CFP two-electrode system, the required voltage is only 1.26 V at the beginning and 1.56 V@10 mA·cm−2, much lower than those of RuO2/CFP||20% Pt/C/CFP. This work provides a Janus heterojunction pathway for bifunctional water electrolysis catalysts.
Research Article Issue
Fluorine-induced dual defects in NiP2 anode with robust sodium storage performance
Nano Research 2022, 15 (3): 2147-2156
Published: 19 October 2021
Abstract PDF (7.8 MB) Collect
Downloads：41
Metal phosphides have shown great application potential as anode for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) owing to high theoretical capacity, suitable operation voltage and abundant resource. Unfortunately, the application of NiP2 anode is severely impeded by low practical capacity and fast capacity decay due to the huge volume variation and low reactivity of internal phosphorus (P) component towards Na+. Herein, electronic structure modulation of NiP2 via heteroatoms doping and introducing vacancies defects to enhance Na+ adsorption sites and diffusion kinetics is successfully attempted. The as-synthesized three-dimensional (3D) bicontinuous carbon matrix decorated with well-dispersed fluorine (F)-doped NiP2 nanoparticles (F-NiP2@carbon nanosheets) delivers a high reversible capacity (585 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1) and excellent long cycling stability (244 mAh·g−1 over 1,000 cycles at 2 A·g−1) when tested as anode in NIBs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that F doping in NiP2 induces the formation of P vacancies with increased Na+ adsorption energy and accelerates the alloying of internal P component. The F-NiP2@carbon nanosheets//Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell is evaluated showing stable long cycling life. The heteroatoms doping-induced dual defects strategy opens up a new way of metal phosphides for sodium storage.
Total 3
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Get a Grip (disambiguation)
Get a Grip is a 1993 Aerosmith album and its title track
Get a Grip may also refer to:
* Get a Grip (TV series)
* "Get a Grip" (The Boomtown Rats song)
* "Get a Grip" (Semisonic song)
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Page:The Home and the World.djvu/130
v to gain consolation of some sort he took to sitting at the feet of a wandering ascetic, and succeeded in acquiring philosophy enough to forget that his children went hungry. He kept himself steeped for a time in the idea that the world is vanity, and if of pleasure it has none, pain also is a delusion. Then, at last, one night he left his little ones in their tumble-down hovel, and started off wandering on his own account.
I knew nothing of this at the time, for just then a veritable ocean-churning by gods and demons was going on in my mind. Nor did my master tell me that he had taken Panchu's deserted children under his own roof and was caring for them, though alone in the house, with his school to attend to the whole day.
After a month Panchu came back, his ascetic fervour considerably worn off. His eldest boy and girl nestled up to him, crying: 'Where have you been all this time, father?' His youngest boy filled his lap; his second girl leant over his back with her arms around his neck; and they all wept together. 'O sir!' sobbed Panchu, at length, to my master. 'I have not the power to give these little ones enough to eat,—I am not free to run away from them. What has been my sin that I should be scourged so, bound hand and foot?'
In the meantime the thread of Panchu's little trade connections had snapped and he found he could not resume them. He clung on to the shelter
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Surgical camera from Washington University and University of Illinois has microstructures on the lens that increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the imaging device.
Benefits
• Reduced costs
• Less intrusive
• Small
• Accurate
Applications
• Medical diagnosis
• Medical treatment
UN Sustainable Development Goals Addressed
• Goal 3: Good Health & Wellbeing
The Challenge
Many surgeons rely on just their sight to locate and remove cancerous tissue during surgery, leaving room for human error and omissions due to the limitations of human sight. In instances where technology is used, a dye is injected into the area of operation and specialized displays are used to identify the cancerous tissue. However, these technologies are expensive, bulky, and perform poorly under surgical illumination.
Innovation Details
The imager has specialized microstructures that allow it to simultaneously register colors familiar to the human eye and near-infrared signals. In each of the imager’s pixels, alternating stacks of insulating materials called dielectrics interfere with incoming light spectra, reflecting some while allowing others to be transmitted, creating a spectral filter. Four types of spectral filters are replicated throughout the imaging sensor, differentiated by varying thicknesses of dielectric layers. In a two-by-two arrangement, these four filters create the building blocks of the imager. Three out of the four pixels pick up the red, green, and blue spectra, while the fourth captures near-infrared photons, altogether enabling multispectral sensitivity. The resulting image accurately locates cancerous tissue, performing well even under surgical lighting. Researchers have integrated the imager into surgical goggles so that real-time information is displayed for doctors during surgeries. The technology has shown to have a 1000x higher sensitivity compared to clinical imaging systems currently in use. Moreover, the manufacturing cost of the bio-inspired image sensors is very low, less than $20.
video thumbnail
Biomimicry Story
Morpho butterfly wings contain tree-shaped photonic crystals which either allow for or stunt the propagation of electromagnetic waves of certain frequency ranges. The morpho butterfly eye has similar specialized nanostructures that allow it to see multispectral images, including near-infrared.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Another Country (Tift Merritt album)
Another Country is a studio album by singer-songwriter Tift Merritt. It was recorded in the summer of 2007, produced in L.A. by George Drakoulias, and released on February 26, 2008, by Fantasy Records. For her third album, Tift Merritt took hiatus with a piano in Paris and came home with her most personal and powerful songs to date. Merritt has described the writing as a plainspoken look at the distance we all attempt to cross: between two people, between one heart and the rest of the world.
In its first week of release, the album's first single "Broken" reached #1 on the Americana Radio Chart compiled by the Americana Music Association. This is her second time working with producer George Drakoulias, who produced her last studio album Tambourine.
Track listing
All songs written by Tift Merritt, unless otherwise noted.
Personnel
* Tift Merritt – vocals, guitar, piano
* Zeke Hutchins – drums
* Charlie Sexton – guitar
* Doug Pettibone – guitar, Pedal steel guitar
* Josh Schwartz – rhythm guitars
* George Drakoulias – acoustic guitar, percussion
* David Ralicky – horns
* Patrick Warren – Chamberlain
* Technical
* Rafael Serrano – recording engineer
* David Bianco – recording engineer, mixing
* Doug Sax, Sangwook "Sunny" Nam – mastering
* Mark Borthwick – photography
* Tommy Steele – art direction
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Hong Kong’s Gobee raises $9M to take on China’s bike-sharing unicorns worldwide – TechCrunch
China’s Ofo and Mobike may be the Uber of bike-sharing thanks an early head start and more than $1 billion in cumulative funding that’s financing aggressive international expansions, but that isn’t deterring smaller players. Hong Kong’s Gobee Bike, one such upstart — which literally operates in the shadow of those two Chinese giants — just announced a $9 million Series A round aimed at expanding its six-month-old dock-less bike rental service overseas. The round was provided by Grishin Robotics, an internet-of-things fund led by Mail.Ru co-founder Dmitry Grishin, with participation from Alibaba’s Hong Kong entrepreneurship fund. Gobee previously raised a pre-launch seed round led by Swiss Founders Fund. The service is much like Ofo, Mobike, Obike and others in that it provides bicycles which are rented via a smartphone app that scans the bike’s QR code to unlock it. Each one contains a GPS chip which means it can be dropped off at and rented from any location. Ofo CTO Austin Zhang explains the process of unlocking his company’s bikes Gobee was founded in February by Raphael Cohen (CEO) and Claude Ducharme (CTO), before going live in Hong Kong in April with a few initial hiccups. Cohen, who co-founded Hotel Quickly and was formerly with Rocket Internet’s FoodPanda business, said it has accrued over 100,000 downloads to date and currently offers “thousands” of bikes. Describing Hong Kong as its “proof of concept” market, Cohen said the plan is to expand the service into North America, Europe and other parts of Asia. He didn’t provide specific details of expansion markets, but said that Gobee already has people on ground in “several” global cities. Gobee is likely to be in the market to raise more funding to realize that globalization push soon, Cohen admitted. Ofo and Mobike are both aggressively looking to move their businesses outside of China. Both are targeting 100 cities worldwide before the year is out, and have already hit the UK and Singapore as initial forays into new territories gets underway. Cohen admitted that the colossal size of these rivals is a concern for Gobee, but he believes that they have bitten off more than they can chew. His theory is that the sheer scale of their ambition — and the importance of the Chinese market — will leave the door open for nimble players to pick up the bike-sharing baton in places like Europe and North America. “They are very focused on China, which is the world’s biggest market for bike-sharing, but they have a lot still to do there with only about 10-20 percent of the market potential unlocked,” he said. “But it seems like they not putting as much attention as they should. As has happened with other Chinese companies, they start expanding abroad and lose their focus on China, where new players came in and took marketshare.” Gobee isn’t looking to make a move on China, but it is betting that the big players will ultimately divert their attention back to their homeland, leaving their global expansions deprioritized and weakened. That’s quite a risk given the backing that Ofo and Mobike have received, in terms of sheer financial numbers and major tech names, but Gobee’s global push is also contingent on overseas markets taking to bike-sharing. Cohen said his experiences in Hong Kong leave him in no doubt, but it’s too early to say whether Mobike and Ofo’s overseas launches, which included vandalism and other issues in Manchester, will prove successful.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Ambassador to UK says Trump and Johnson's relationship will be 'sensational' | TheHill
The U.S. envoy to the United Kingdom predicted Friday that new British Prime Minister Boris Johnson and President TrumpDonald John TrumpFacebook releases audit on conservative bias claims Harry Reid: 'Decriminalizing border crossings is not something that should be at the top of the list' Recessions happen when presidents overlook key problems MORE will have a "sensational" relationship. Woody Johnson told the BBC's Radio Four that Trump and Johnson, both strong supporters of the Brexit movement, have "a lot in common," despite Johnson's own past remarks in 2015 declaring Trump unfit for the presidency over his comments about supposed "no-go zones" in London. "The new relationship between your new prime minister and our president ... it's going to be sensational," Johnson said, according to the BBC. "Their leadership has a lot in common. Both have their own style but similarities — a clear vision of what they want to accomplish." Johnson added that there would likely be "bumps in the road," but touted the history of the two countries working together and added that his job was to work on "things we agree on." "We're going to have bumps in the road, no question, but we are two great countries," Johnson told the BBC. "If we look forward optimistically between our two countries, we're going to lift all the people in this country ... to independence and all the things you voted for in the [Brexit] referendum." Johnson assumed office this week after the resignation of fellow Conservative Party member Theresa MayTheresa Mary MayTrump, Boris Johnson discuss Brexit, trade issues in Monday phone call Pence to travel to United Kingdom, Ireland and Iceland in September Pelosi vows no UK free trade deal if Brexit undermines Good Friday accord MORE following her government's inability to pass a deal to leave the European Union through the country's bitterly divided Parliament. Johnson has pledged to leave the European Union in October whether or not a deal is passed. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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-- Rubber Drops for First Time in Three Days as Strengthened Yen Cuts Appeal
Rubber retreated for the first time
in three days as a strengthening Japanese currency reduced the
appeal of the commodity used to make tires.
The most-active contract in Tokyo lost as much as 1.1
percent after gaining 0.8 percent in the past two sessions. The
yen gained versus 15 of its 16 major counterparts as concern
over the health of European banks and the pace of the U.S.
economic recovery boosted demand for the currency as a refuge.
The decline was limited because of optimism that demand may
grow, as stockpiles in Japan and China are at low levels, said
Avtar Sandu, Asian Commodities Manager at Phillip Futures Pte.
Natural-rubber stockpiles monitored by the Tokyo exchange
dropped by 29 percent to 1,341 metric tons as of July 10, data
from the bourse showed yesterday. It was the lowest volume since
at least 2001, said exchange spokesman Seiki Ichimura. Data
before that year were unavailable, he said.
December-delivery rubber fell as much as 2.8 yen to 261.7
yen per kilogram ($3,002 a ton) before settling at 263.5 yen on
the Tokyo Commodity Exchange. July-delivery rubber gained 2.2
percent to 352 yen, after declining 3 percent yesterday.
“Investors are optimistic Chinese and Japanese buyers will
soon build up their depleting stockpiles,” said Chaiwat Muenmee ,
an analyst at Bangkok-based commodity broker DS Futures Co.
“Rainfall in southern Thailand may limit supply
availability, providing support to rubber prices,” said Chaiwat.
Limited supply and a low level of stockpiles may make physical
delivery difficult at the expiry of the July contract.
Natural-rubber inventories in China have slumped 64 percent
this year to 21,374 tons, according to Bloomberg data.
November-delivery rubber on the Shanghai Futures Exchange
was little changed at 21,720 yuan ($3,204) a ton.
The cash price was quoted at 104.65 baht a kilogram,
unchanged from yesterday, the Rubber Research Institute of
Thailand said on its website.
To contact the reporter on this story:
Supunnabul Suwannakij in Bangkok at
ssuwannakij@bloomberg.net
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Civil Rights Activists Cheer Defeat of Sign Law - latimes
A federal judge's recent ruling that a Pomona ordinance requiring the use of English characters on business signs was unconstitutional was hailed as a victory for the area's Asian population by leaders of civil rights groups this week. The ordinance, which a group of Asian business owners challenged in U.S. District Court in Los Angeles earlier this year, required that all business signs with foreign characters devote 50% of the space to English characters. It was passed by a unanimous vote of the City Council last year. Federal District Judge Robert Takasugi ruled the ordinance was unconstitutional because it discriminated on the basis of national origin and it limited freedom of speech. This ordinance was clearly an attack by the city of Pomona on its growing Asian community, said Robin Toma, an attorney with the American Civil Liberties Union, which filed a brief in support of the plaintiff. By attacking the use of the Asian alphabets in signs, rather than attacking the use of any foreign language, the city was sending out a clear signal to the Asian community, telling them that their culture is not welcome. Toma said the ACLU is considering suing other cities with similar ordinances requiring the use of English, including San Gabriel, Arcadia, Rosemead, and Temple City. Some officials in those cities are already considering the implications of the court's decision. San Gabriel Mayor John Tapp said that in light of the court ruling I'm sure we'll have to review the city's ordinance, which is virtually identical to Pomona's. Twenty percent of San Gabriel's population is Asian, Tapp said, and a substantial number of businesses have not complied with the ordinance, which was passed in March. In his July 14 decision, Takasugi ruled that the ordinance violates the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment because it expressly discriminates against sign owners who use foreign alphabetical characters in their signs. The use of foreign languages is clearly an expression of national origin. The ordinance also obstructs freedom of cultural expression, the judge ruled. Councilman C. L. (Clay) Bryant, who proposed the ordinance, denied it was discriminatory. It had nothing to do with that, he said. It didn't single out any racial origin. It just said, 'Hey, in Pomona our people and our public services should know what businesses to locate.' I wouldn't want to live in a community where I need an interpreter to tell me about the country I was born in. Councilwoman Nell Soto said she was surprised the ordinance was struck down because it does not take away their right to print their language. It asks them to include English. The lawyer hired to represent Pomona in the case, Alan Yamada, said city officials have not decided whether they will appeal the ruling. The judge is still considering the plaintiff's claim that there was intentional bias in the ordinance, and the city is seeking to settle the claim out of court, Yamada said. The impact of the ruling on Pomona businesses is unclear in a community where only 2.7% of the population is Asian, according to the 1980 Census. Although city officials say that all business signs comply with the ordinance, the attorney for the Asian group, Elizabeth Brancart, said there are a few signs in Pomona that use only foreign characters. Brancart refused to identify those signs and would not disclose the names of her clients, but said most of them are Pomona business owners. Hoa Binh Market, a Chinese grocery store on East Holt Avenue, is one of a handful of stores that cater to the Asian community in Pomona. Doreen Han, assistant manager, said the market was not involved in the suit but she believed the law was unfair because it's my personal right to express what I want to. Sometimes you want to express (something) only in Chinese. But, she added, the business signs in front of the market contain both Chinese and English because our customers are not only Chinese. We have Filipinos, Americans, a mixture of different nationalities. J Craig Fong, a lawyer with the Asian Pacific Legal Center in Los Angeles, has been monitoring the enforcement of the Pomona ordinance and a similar one in Monterey Park. Fong said the decision sends a signal to cities that these communities are changing, and (city officials) need to find some other solution to the difficulties they seem to be having with foreign businesses. In Monterey Park, where Asians constitute slightly more than half of the population, every business sign must include an explanation, in English, of the name or the nature of the establishment. In some cases both the name and type of business must be on the sign, but the law does not prohibit the use of a foreign language. The passage of the ordinance in 1986 followed a bitter campaign by longtime Monterey Park residents who were concerned about a large influx of Asian immigrants and lobbied for laws requiring the use of English. Bryant said Pomona's ordinance was designed to prevent the city from being transformed into another Monterey Park or Alhambra, where the whole downtown is plastered with Oriental signs that no one can understand. There's some resentment to that.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Talk:The Callback Queen
Contested deletion
This page should not be speedy deleted as an unambiguous copyright infringement, because... --Thununder (talk) 19:31, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
Also embedded the following permission at original website "The text of this webpage ( http://www.webcitation.org/64lXI12iE) is available for modification and reuse under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License and the GNU Free Documentation License (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or over texts)." — Preceding unsigned comment added by Thununder (talk • contribs) 19:49, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
* The release notice you mention is not found anywhere on that link. The link _does_ include a copyright notice tho. In case of copyvio, the onus is on you to prove it was released. Why not just type up a non copy vio plot summary? Gaijin42 (talk) 19:52, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
The font is the same colour as the background, highlight the very bottom of the page and you will see it. Done for aesthetic reasons. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Thununder (talk • contribs) 19:54, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
* All I see is "© Powertrip Productions. All enquiries welcomed." Gaijin42 (talk) 20:04, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
It's beneath that, you need to highlight everything below that with your cursor to reveal it as it's in the same colour as the background. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Thununder (talk • contribs) 20:19, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
* I have done so, and also looked at the HTML. It is not there in the link you provided (or does not appear to all users). Gaijin42 (talk) 20:21, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
It's on www.thecallbackqueen.com now, although maybe not if you're looking at a cached version? Thununder (talk) 20:29, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
I see it on the main website now. Note that the purpose of the webcite link you have posted above is to store a cached copy. Based on that note, I think the text can be re-added, however I do have some concerns about the license, as it is ambiguous what it applies to. Are the taglines of the movie now CC licened? How about the video? etc. Gaijin42 (talk) 20:38, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
I had done the steps in the reverse order, I got that webcite cached link before adding the text release to the webpage. I have since clarified usage (text of synopsis and credits) and got a new webcite link with that permission cached on it. Hope that resolves it and the plot synopsis can be readded. Thanks for the assistance. Thununder (talk) 20:59, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
copyvio/delete
I have deleted the offending text, and removed the copyvio notifications. AFTER the OTRS request goes through, the text could be re-added. Gaijin42 (talk) 19:44, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
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