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Page:Pugin v. Garland.pdf/30
14 reasonably foreseeable, while the remainder were ambiguous on the matter. Thus, when §1101(a)(43)(S) was added to the INA in 1996, obstruction of justice “ ‘generally’ ” or “ ‘typically’ ” required such a connection. Id., at 598.
The majority avoids this conclusion only by, once again, adopting a circular approach. In analyzing state law, the majority looks exclusively to state witness tampering statutes, which it simply assumes are “state obstruction offenses.” It then concludes that because many of those statutes do not require a pending investigation or proceeding, neither does obstruction of justice under the INA. Ibid. As should be clear by now, that method gets the categorical approach backward; if the overarching federal category is assumed to include the state offenses in question, there will always be a categorical match. One cannot prove that all state witness tampering laws fall within the INA’s “relating to obstruction of justice” simply by assuming that they do. | WIKI |
How To Install A Siren On A Police Or First Responder Vehicle
Sirens are essential components for police cars and emergency vehicles, providing piercing audio and alerting motorists to clear the way. And there is no shortage of sirens to choose from, as several manufacturers fuel this market. Among them are major brands like Tomar and D&R Electronics, but a manufacturer that deserves closer attention is Sound Off Signal, which places much of its design and development focus on sirens.
The nERGY 400 series is among its most respected and utilized products, and offers a full complement of features. It comes with eight auxiliary buttons and a three-position switch, complete with one-touch programming and easy switching to standard warning modes. The button console version also comes with a button switch. Further, the nERGY 400 series is designed with a buzzer alert that lets users know that auxiliary buttons or the level have been switched on. Horn ring functionality is standard, allowing users to change the tone by lightly tapping the horn. Finally, the nERGY 400 series is built with nine 10 amp and three 20 amp outputs, ideal for running solenoids or delivering power to various peripherals, like a printer or GPS.
Installing the hardware is easy enough with the nERGY 400 series. Getting the console itself into the vehicle will only require light effort and light technical expertise, but this is where the easy part ends. Siren consoles require extensive wiring to function properly, given their frequent interaction with the vehicle’s other components and technologies. Wiring something like a siren should never be attempted by a novice. It’s not safe for the installer and it’s not safe for other motorists, as the siren may not function properly if not wired correctly.
How to install a siren system
Every siren requires a different wiring layout, though there are some significant similarities from one to the next. In the case of the nERGY 400 series, there are some important safety measures to take prior to jumping into installation. For example, it is essential to disconnect any high current interconnects, as poor crimping can result in high levels of heat and pose a fire risk. Also, do not install the siren or its wiring in the air bag deployment zone, as this can both damage the siren and put the vehicle’s occupants in immediate danger. Finally, do not disconnect the brake lights, headlights or any other safety equipment while installing the nERGY 400 siren.
That said, here is how to wire the siren:
1. Wiring the park kill input – The park kill feature allows the user to activate or deactivate the siren using the transmission park neutral safety switch. The nERGY 400’s park kill input is represented by a yellow wire. The input is typically connected to the transmission neutral safety switch. If installing the park kill feature, the technician must determine if the signal wire is coming from the neutral safety switch is switching the ground side of the circuit or not. The park kill input wire should be run to the siren amplifier with a 22-guage wire, at the minimum.
2. Wiring the ignition input – The ignition input wire is orange and black and can be used with a remote ignition feature. To wire it, find the wire in the vehicle that provides positive voltage when the ignition switch is turned on. Tap the ignition input wire into the vehicle ignition wire, and extend it as needed.
3. Wiring the auxiliary input – This is an optional input feature that will remotely activate the siren when the auxiliary input wire is connected to ground. If required, connect the violet auxiliary input wire to a switch that provides a ground connection when activated.
4. Wiring the radio rebroadcast input – This pair of blue wires allows the vehicle’s two-way radio to broadcast through the siren’s speaker. While this is optional, it is extremely useful and is usually activated in emergency and law enforcement vehicles. To set it up, find the two wires that connect the external speaker to the two-way radio. Tap one of the wires into one of the external speaker’s wires, and tap the other radio rebroadcast wire into the other external speaker wire. Adjust the volume before operating the vehicle and set the volume of the two-way radio to normal operating levels.
5. Wiring the horn ring input – The horn ring input, delivered with a white and black wire, allows users to switch siren function by pressing the vehicle’s horn ring. If needed, the installer needs to know if the signal coming from the horn ring is switching to ground side or not. Extend the wire to the horn ring switch with at least 18-gauge wire.
6. Wiring the siren speaker output – There is a good bit of wiring with this one, and it includes the orange, orange/black, green and green/black wires. To set it up, run the orange and orange/black wires from the four position connector to the siren speaker. Connect the orange wire to the primary speaker high wire, and the orange/black wire to the primary speaker low wire. If needed, the green and green/black wires are connected to the secondary speaker high wire and low wire, respectively.
7. Wiring the backlight input – This gray wire will switch on the control panel’s backlighting when positive voltage is applied to it. Route siren amplifier backlight input wire to the vehicle’s marker light wiring, and extend it as needed. Tap it to the vehicle’s market light positive voltage wire.
While the basics of putting the siren in are simple enough, the wiring should be handled by someone with experience. But with the proper expertise, setting up the nERGY 400 series shouldn’t pose major difficulties.
Top | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Advanced Formula Challenge #4: Missing Values 7
The challenge this week is as follows: given the two lists of numbers in A2:A12 and B2:B12, generate the list as per the Results column, beginning in C2:
Picture1
A single formula should be placed in C2 such that, when copied down an arbitrary number of rows, generates the results as above.
Blanks should be returned by the formula in rows beyond the expected number of returns. What’s more, this is to be done via reference to the value in cell D1, also to be derived, and whose value is equal to the total expected number of non-blank returns in column C.
As such, the formula in C2 is to begin with:
=IF(ROWS($1:1)>$D$1,"",
What’s more, and perhaps more importantly, any solution is not allowed to consist of formulas which reference the results of formulas in previous cells. By this I mean that the formula in C3 cannot reference cell C2, the formula in C4 cannot reference either cell C2 or cell C3, etc.
The logic and conditions defining the returns are as follows:
• The number of entries in column B is less than or equal to the number of entries in column A
• Each of the column B entries is also found somewhere in column A
• There are never any blank entries in between the entries in either column A or column B
• The results in column C are to consist of all the values remaining after removing one occurrence of each of the values in column B from the list in column A
• To put it another way, the combined list from columns B and C is to match precisely that in column A
Also note that, as usual, the choice of range (A2:B12) was here made purely for display purposes and solvers should not think that it is fixed at such: theoretically, any solution should work equally well for a data range of e.g. A2:B1000.
Solution next week. Best of luck!
7 comments
1. Not sure if this is what you want or not, but you do get the proper results with advanced filter using list1 as list range, list2 as criteria, copy to as c2, and unique records only checked.
Also for the count you can use:
=COUNT(list1)-COUNT(list2)
because they are all numbers and you told us list2 was included in list1.
However if you add extra numbers in list2 then a better formula would be:
=SUMPRODUCT(--ISNA(MATCH(list2,list1,0)))
2. Hi and welcome to the site!
Actually that’s not a method I’d considered at all, mainly because I set these challenges with the idea that they be solved using worksheet formulas alone.
I’m aware that there are often more efficient methods (e.g. VBA, helper-column set-ups, in-built features such as Remove Duplicates, Advanced Filter, etc.) to solve the task in hand, but I guess I’m interested in seeing what can be achieved using just worksheet functions, which I genuinely believe is more than most people realise.
Still, yours is certainly the correct, practical choice. If it works, that is. Perhaps I’m not doing it correctly, but when I follow your instructions I get a result of (from C2 down): 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 which is obviously not correct.
Both your count formulas are spot on though, so well done!
Thanks again for your contribution and hope to hear more from you!
Regards
3. Not sure what I was smoking yesterday but you are correct, Advanced Filter didn’t work. I must have been dyslectic yesterday. (LOL! 🙂 – XOR)
I know you were going for a formula solution but I had to throw in the towel. My head started spinning to much so I had to give up. I’m probably gonna kick myself when I see the solution and realize just how close I really was. Thanks again.
4. I realise this is ancient history but before I look at your solution this is what I came up with:
Define the named formula ‘freq’ to refer to
=FREQUENCY(list1,k)-FREQUENCY(list2,k)
where ‘k’ is a suitably sized row counter [at least MAX(list1,list2)].
Generate the results across multiple array columns where the named formula ‘results’ refers to
=IF(s<=freq,k)
and 's' is a suitable sized column counter [at least MAX(freq)].
List the results to a single column using SMALL in a worksheet formula
=IF(k<=n,SMALL(results,k),"")
where 'n' refers to
=COUNT(results)
In a way, I have failed the test because I usually use array formulas, which cannot be filled down cell by cell. I think my avoidance of all direct cell references is OK.
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Connecting to %s | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ratra
Ratra are a Punjabi clan found in Punjab region of Pakistan and India. Muslim Ratras live in Pakistan while Hindu and Sikh live in India.
The Ratras are a sub clan of Rajput. | WIKI |
Talk:5th Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Confederate)
Flag
I removed the image of the modern flag, which was adopted by Kentucky in 1918 and finalized in 1928. I'm not totally sure what flag they would have flown, but I doubt it would have been that. The more so when you consider that it uses the state seal, while the confederage government of Kentucky adopted a different seal. See File:Ky CSA Seal.svg File:Kentucky CSA seal.svg. I think I've seen drawings of a flag using this KY confederate seal, but I don't have a source handy at the moment. cmadler (talk) 12:48, 24 May 2010 (UTC)
Disbanded? Reorganized?
Despite the testimony that I have seen on a couple of pension applications, etc., I believe that it is technically incorrect to say that General Marshall disbanded (& then reformed) the entire regiment. That may very well have been the impression that many of the "twelve-months" men got when he decided to honor the terms of their enlistments, but in reality it was only their companies which were disbanded and/or consolidated. (While new companies were later, or had already been added to the regiment).
I refer you to the Report of the Adjutant General of Ky, vol 1, pg. 282, right-hand column, paragraph beginning with "Many of the twelve-months men..." https://archive.org/stream/reportofadjutan00kent#page/282/mode/1up
Alan B25 (talk) 01:25, 6 September 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
Why Hexo, Tilray, OrganiGram, and Sundial Stocks Are Wilting
What happened
Another day, another downdraft for marijuana investors.
As of 2 p.m. EDT Thursday, shares of marijuana stocks Hexo (NYSE: HEXO), OrganiGram Holdings (NASDAQ: OGI), Tilray (NASDAQ: TLRY), and Sundial Growers (NASDAQ: SNDL) are all sliding, down 4.7%, 2.6%, 2.4%, and 1.6%, respectively -- and the reason appears to be marijuana legalization.
Or rather, the lack of it.
Image source: Getty Images.
So what
In a column this morning, the Los Angeles Times laid out the facts about the marijuana legalization bill soon to be introduced for consideration by the U.S. Senate. As the paper reports, the draft Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act promises to decriminalize marijuana sale, possession, and use, clear the criminal records of "nonviolent offenders of federal cannabis laws," and "formally" recognize that states can decide for themselves whether or not to legalize pot.
Thirty-seven states across the nation have already approved using marijuana for medicinal purposes, while 18 have legalized it for recreational use as well, and 60% of voters are said to support the measures contained in the Senate bill. Regardless, opines the paper: "most experts believe the bill will not pass," and even Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, who backs the bill, admits he "does not currently have the votes to pass the legislation."
Now what
For marijuana fans (and marijuana investors) who had hoped that this would be the year that the federal government finally legalizes marijuana, that has to be a disappointing prognosis.
Nevertheless, as Brookings Institution senior fellow John Hudak pointed out in the piece, at the very least the draft Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act is "a good conversation starter."
Whether it passes this year or next, or the year after that, I remain convinced that with marijuana already effectively legalized in nearly 3 out of 4 U.S. states, the writing is on the wall. Sooner or later, those states' representatives in Congress will get the message, and vote to legalize marijuana at the federal level. At this point, it's only a question of timing.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Florrie/Sandbox4
In May 2009, he was named in the 17 man squad to represent New South Wales in the opening State of Origin match on 3 June, 2009, in Melbourne. | WIKI |
visualtest/include/SDL_visualtest_rwhelper.h
author Brandon Schaefer <brandon.schaefer@canonical.com>
Wed, 08 Jun 2016 08:01:21 -0700
changeset 10181 b82c0f22d22a
parent 7924 fcb86d323770
permissions -rw-r--r--
MIR: Add better error handling for a failed connection
/* See COPYING.txt for the full license governing this code. */
/**
* \file rwhelper.c
*
* Header file with some helper functions for working with SDL_RWops.
*/
#include <SDL_rwops.h>
#ifndef _SDL_visualtest_rwhelper_h
#define _SDL_visualtest_rwhelper_h
/** Length of the buffer in SDLVisualTest_RWHelperBuffer */
#define RWOPS_BUFFER_LEN 256
/* Set up for C function definitions, even when using C++ */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/**
* Struct that is used as a buffer by the RW helper functions. Should be initialized by calling
* SDLVisualTest_RWHelperResetBuffer() before being used.
*/
typedef struct SDLVisualTest_RWHelperBuffer
{
/*! Character buffer that data is read into */
char buffer[RWOPS_BUFFER_LEN];
/*! buffer[buffer_pos] is the next character to be read from the buffer */
int buffer_pos;
/*! Number of character read into the buffer */
int buffer_width;
} SDLVisualTest_RWHelperBuffer;
/**
* Resets the buffer pointed to by \c buffer used by some of the helper functions.
* This function should be called when you're using one of the helper functions
* with a new SDL_RWops object.
*/
void SDLVisualTest_RWHelperResetBuffer(SDLVisualTest_RWHelperBuffer* buffer);
/**
* Reads a single character using the SDL_RWops object pointed to by \c rw.
* This function reads data in blocks and stores them in the buffer pointed to by
* \c buffer, so other SDL_RWops functions should not be used in conjunction
* with this function.
*
* \return The character that was read.
*/
char SDLVisualTest_RWHelperReadChar(SDL_RWops* rw,
SDLVisualTest_RWHelperBuffer* buffer);
/**
* Reads characters using the SDL_RWops object pointed to by \c rw into the
* character array pointed to by \c str (of size \c size) until either the
* array is full or a new line is encountered. If \c comment_char is encountered,
* all characters from that position till the end of the line are ignored. The new line
* is not included as part of the buffer. Lines with only whitespace and comments
* are ignored. This function reads data in blocks and stores them in the buffer
* pointed to by \c buffer, so other SDL_RWops functions should not be used in
* conjunction with this function.
*
* \return pointer to the string on success, NULL on failure or EOF.
*/
char* SDLVisualTest_RWHelperReadLine(SDL_RWops* rw, char* str, int size,
SDLVisualTest_RWHelperBuffer* buffer,
char comment_char);
/**
* Counts the number of lines that are not all whitespace and comments using the
* SDL_RWops object pointed to by \c rw. \c comment_char indicates the character
* used for comments. Uses the buffer pointed to by \c buffer to read data in blocks.
*
* \return Number of lines on success, -1 on failure.
*/
int SDLVisualTest_RWHelperCountNonEmptyLines(SDL_RWops* rw,
SDLVisualTest_RWHelperBuffer* buffer,
char comment_char);
/* Ends C function definitions when using C++ */
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* _SDL_visualtest_rwhelper_h */ | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
SSL EOF not detected as disconnect in psycopg2
Issue #3021 resolved
Andrew Suffield
created an issue
PGDialect_psycopg2.is_disconnect does not recognise the string "SSL SYSCALL error: EOF detected" as a disconnect error, with all the chaos that usually causes. This is the error I get when using postgres 9.3 and the connection goes away below an ssl connection
Comments (26)
1. Michael Bayer repo owner
OK, been getting some new error codes recently as folks are upgrading OpenSSL, have been backporting these to 0.8.
Can you confirm this would work: "EOF detected" in str(e)
2. Michael Bayer repo owner
• The psycopg2 .closed accessor is now consulted when determining if an exception is a "disconnect" error; ideally, this should remove the need for any other inspection of the exception message to detect disconnect, however we will leave those existing messages in place as a fallback. This should be able to handle newer cases like "SSL EOF" conditions. Pull request courtesy Dirk Mueller. fixes #3021
→ <<cset 860b413ade32>>
3. Michael Bayer repo owner
• The psycopg2 .closed accessor is now consulted when determining if an exception is a "disconnect" error; ideally, this should remove the need for any other inspection of the exception message to detect disconnect, however we will leave those existing messages in place as a fallback. This should be able to handle newer cases like "SSL EOF" conditions. Pull request courtesy Dirk Mueller. fixes #3021
→ <<cset ef7b1c4c0a9e>>
4. Martín Ferrari
Hi,
This does not seem to be fixed. I am currently experiencing this same problem with SQLAlchemy 0.9.7 from Ubuntu. I can see that this patch is present in the code, but still the exception is propagated as an OperationalError, and that the application does not recover from this.
It is a pretty bad problem, I am surprised there is not more people experiencing it.. Maybe nobody uses SSL for the DB connection? (scary...)
5. Michael Bayer repo owner
Are you experiencing operationalerror repeatedly for brand new connections? Note that this feature does not prevent the exception from being thrown. It only ensures that the connection pool is dumped, so that subsequent connections are established fresh, rather than attempting to use a pooled connection that we now know to be stale.
Because the dbapi and sqlalchemy work with transactions, replaying single failed statements is not an option. Your app would have to catch errors it anticipates and fully replay the whole operation which failed.
6. Martín Ferrari
Hi Mike,
I understand that, but in this case the connection is not detection as dead, so it keeps on trying. Once this condition is set, I get the same error for every database operation I attempt, and the only solution for now is to restart the application.
For more information, it is a Flask application, and I am calling session.close() and session.remove() after each request (it is a scoped session).
7. Michael Bayer repo owner
Ok well we're using psycopg2's .closed attribute now. Is that attribute set? If not, it's a psycopg2 bug. I don't have the code in front of me to verify that there's no other possibility on our end.
8. Martín Ferrari
I don't really know. I still don't know how to reproduce the bug, as just restarting the database produces a different error which is correctly handled by is_disconnect. Do you have any insight on this?
If I can reproduce the problem reliably, I can try to debug what's going on and check the attribute.
9. Martín Ferrari
I managed to create a similar error, by manually closing the file descriptor of the DB connection: (OperationalError) SSL SYSCALL error: Bad file descriptor
It triggers the same behaviour, and I can see that psycopg2 is not marking the connection as closed:
In [38]: s.connection().connection.closed Out[38]: 0
So, I guess I will open a bug with them. Nevertheless, it is still the case that the original problem pointed out by this ticket stays valid.
10. Martín Ferrari
Thanks for the pointers, I had arrived at the same just a few minutes ago :-)
Sadly, those fixes do not seem to cover this problem. I have downloaded 2.5.3 and I can still reproduce the problem. I have opened a new bug report at https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg2/issues/263
Meanwhile, I will probably monkey-patch sqlalchemy to detect the error strings I am getting, as this is impacting our application in production.
11. Michael Bayer repo owner
you dont need a monkeypatch if you're on 0.9. Use the handle_error event:
@event.listens_for(Engine, "handle_error")
def handle_exception(context):
if isinstance(context.original_exception,
psycopg2.OperationalError) and \
"SSL disconnect" in str(context.original_exception):
context.is_disconnect=True
12. Michael Bayer repo owner
• A revisit to this issue first patched in 0.9.5, apparently psycopg2's .closed accessor is not as reliable as we assumed, so we have added an explicit check for the exception messages "SSL SYSCALL error: Bad file descriptor" and "SSL SYSCALL error: EOF detected" when detecting an is-disconnect scenario. We will continue to consult psycopg2's connection.closed as a first check. fixes #3021
→ <<cset b6496ba3d28d>>
13. Michael Bayer repo owner
• A revisit to this issue first patched in 0.9.5, apparently psycopg2's .closed accessor is not as reliable as we assumed, so we have added an explicit check for the exception messages "SSL SYSCALL error: Bad file descriptor" and "SSL SYSCALL error: EOF detected" when detecting an is-disconnect scenario. We will continue to consult psycopg2's connection.closed as a first check. fixes #3021
→ <<cset 2f4db5307ce0>>
14. Michael Bayer repo owner
can you folks please please check this, e.g. @Martín Ferrari etc., it is critical that the people reporting these issues make sure my patches work, as they rely on installation specifics (I don't have a PG SSL setup here to test with). @Andrew Suffield please try the patch this time as well before it gets released thanks!
15. Andrew Suffield reporter
I've long since moved on from the job where this happened, sorry. From memory, you can generate the desired behaviour quite easily by setting up SSL and then restarting postgresql in the middle of a connection.
16. Martín Ferrari
It took me some effort to produce a test case just for this, but I can confirm that applying this patch solves this specific error. Thanks!!
Now, I have to say that I think it would be a lot better if this could be solved some other way than checking the text of exceptions.. :/
17. Michael Bayer repo owner
OK, like before. Are you just getting the error once, and that's it, next request recovers, or you get it over and over again, connection pool does not get invalidated? See above, this is not about preventing the error, it's about invalidating remaining connections when it occurs. we match exactly the string "SSL SYSCALL error: EOF detected" in the error now.
18. Log in to comment | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
file.pdf (390.33 kB)
Boolean Analysis of MOS Circuits
Download (390.33 kB)
journal contribution
posted on 01.07.2002, 00:00 by Randal E. Bryant
The switch-level model represents a digital metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) circuit as a network of charge storage nodes connected by resistive transistor switches. The functionality of such a network can be expressed as a series of systems of Boolean equations. Solving these equations symbolically yields a set of Boolean formulas that describe the mapping from input and current state to the new network states. This analysis supports the same class of networks as the switch-level simulator MOSSIM II and provides the same functionality, including the handling of bidirectional effects and indeterminate (X) logic values. In the worst case, the analysis of an n-node network can yield a set of formulas containing a total of O(n 3) operations. However, all but a limited set of dense, pass-transistor networks give formulas with O(n) total operations. The analysis can serve as the basis of efficient programs for a variety of logic design tasks, including logic simulation (on both conventional and special-purpose computers), fault simulation, test generation, and symbolic verification.
History
Date
01/07/2002 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
What does HackerNews think of base16?
Not a theme, but a framework
#3 in Framework
I agree, my first impression was confusion over why they are making such a big deal out of a simple color palette.
I could be wrong, but it looks like they modified a website template which was originally meant for advertising a service or product, which could explain why it feels a bit strange and overwrought.
Also, I feel like [Base16](https://github.com/chriskempson/base16) is a better approach to the problem, by providing a framework rather than a single palette.
Regarding Discord, considering that everybody and their grandmother has a discord these days, I suppose having one for a color theme is not so surprising. There used to be IRC channels for everything, after all. It's a shame that Discord has gained so much traction, being a proprietary walled garden. That's a topic for another day, though.
edit: also just realized, if my theory about them using a template is correct, the "Join the growing X community" page with discord/slack widgets is probably also just part of that template.
I use Base16 to apply Dracula across my terminal applications.
https://github.com/chriskempson/base16
There are a bunch of tools that generate color schemes for other tools based on a template of their configs. For example pywal is a popular one: https://github.com/dylanaraps/pywal But pretty much every major scripting language like JS, ruby, etc. has their own take on the same idea.
Base16 is another popular one with a ton of implementations: https://github.com/chriskempson/base16
https://github.com/chriskempson/base16 has a lot of schemes for quite a few apps. There are guides to how to port the colors to other apps.
I think both of you are talking about the same thing.
Please don't assume that your views are generally held or will meet with general approval. I think what you're saying is completely wrong and wildly inappropriate. In general, there will exist many terminal applications where the designers should feel absolutely free to use 256 and full-RGB colors if they wish to, seeing as the technology has supported it for years.
An example is color themes for syntax highlighting; the designers of color themes obviously _can_ restrict themselves to 16-color palettes (e.g. https://github.com/chriskempson/base16) but they are perfectly free not to. I do not understand what makes you think you have the right to demand that people impose such a vast restriction on terminal applications. The web supports 256 colors and full RGB; why shouldn't terminal applications?
Baobab: Disk usage Analyzer https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Baobab
Atril: Pdf Viewer, forked from Evince from the Gnome 2 days IIRC.
Base 16 Colors: https://github.com/chriskempson/base16
Unetbootin/TuxBoot: Creating bootable drives.
gnome-do: Alfred/Spotlight (MacOS) like quicklauncher. Used to use this but now I've just defaulted to using Alt+F2 (remapped to Super + Space keys) to launch apps. https://do.cooperteam.net
Zim : "A desktop wiki" https://zim-wiki.org
Nice work!
From my classification this seems similar to base16 https://github.com/chriskempson/base16
Is this correct and would you like to clarify the benefits of using themer instead of base16? Have you considered intercompatibility by i.e. allow conversion from and to base16 themes?
I just use Base16 ( https://github.com/chriskempson/base16 ), so I have the same colorscheme in all relevant apps. It can emulate almost all of the popular schemes, plus has a lot of others.
Base16 is probably what you want: https://github.com/chriskempson/base16
There is a related project called Base16-Builder: https://github.com/chriskempson/base16-builder
With Base16-Builder you can make a Yaml file of colours and it will build profiles for a zillion apps. It's pretty easy to hack to build other profiles as you just need to make an erb.
Base16 is organized in pretty much the same way as Solarized colours, so if you have gotten used to Solarized and just want to adjust the colours to something easier to see (I suffer from the same problem you do), then I think it is the way to go.
I hesitate to mention this because it isn't quite ready yet, but where I work we do a lot of remote pair programming over tmux. The problem is that everybody has their own idea of what colours look good. My buddy and I made a vim colorscheme that looks reasonable with many different palettes, called agnostic: https://github.com/ygt-mikekchar/agnostic
So if you ever need to pair program over tmux and one person wants a light background, but another person wants a dark backgroun, you can do it it. If you do that kind of thing a lot, then I recommend working with agnostic. Otherwise I think Base16 is probably the way to go.
I wish there was a base16 (https://github.com/chriskempson/base16) theme that fully skinned sublime like this does.
Will certainly keep trying. I would say there is no right option and at the same time all options are right.
There does seem something common about themes that appeal to many people but ultimately each has their own correct version of how things should be. Hence my next project https://github.com/chriskempson/base16 Interesting idea by the way! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Bipolar disorder is a complex mental health condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Its impact can be profound, not only on those diagnosed but also on their families and communities. In order to foster a greater understanding and support system for individuals with bipolar disorder, it is crucial to delve into the symptoms, causes, and risk factors associated with this condition.
By shedding light on these aspects, we can promote empathy, compassion, and effective management strategies. So, let’s explore the intricacies of bipolar disorder and how it affects those living with it.
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive disorder, is a chronic mental illness characterized by extreme mood swings. Individuals with bipolar disorder experience alternating episodes of mania and depression, which significantly impact their daily lives.
There are two main types of bipolar disorder: bipolar I and bipolar II. Bipolar I is defined by intense manic episodes, often accompanied by depressive episodes, while bipolar II entails less severe manic episodes known as hypomania, alongside depressive episodes. These mood fluctuations can disrupt personal relationships, work, and overall quality of life.
Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is characterized by a range of symptoms that emerge during manic and depressive episodes. Manic episodes involve heightened energy levels, racing thoughts, inflated self-confidence, impulsivity, and a reduced need for sleep. Individuals may engage in risky behaviors and experience an intense sense of euphoria.
On the other hand, depressive episodes bring about profound sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, changes in appetite and sleep patterns, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, and even thoughts of self-harm or suicide. Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for early intervention and effective management of bipolar disorder.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact causes of bipolar disorder remain unknown, genetic and biological factors are believed to play a significant role. Bipolar disorder often runs in families, indicating a genetic predisposition.
Imbalances in neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, are also thought to contribute to bipolar disorder. These chemical messengers play a crucial role in regulating mood, and disruptions in their levels or functioning can impact mood stability. Changes in brain structure and function have been observed in individuals with bipolar disorder, suggesting that alterations in the brain’s circuitry may contribute to the disorder’s onset and progression.
Environmental factors are another important piece of the puzzle. Stressful life events, such as trauma, loss, or major life transitions, can trigger or exacerbate bipolar episodes in susceptible individuals. These environmental factors can interact with genetic vulnerabilities, potentially increasing the risk of developing the disorder. Substance abuse and disruptions in sleep-wake cycles have also been associated with bipolar disorder.
It is essential to understand that the interplay between genetics and the environment greatly influences an individual’s risk of developing bipolar disorder. While someone may have a genetic predisposition, not everyone with these genetic markers will develop the condition.
Diagnosing Bipolar Disorder
Diagnosing bipolar disorder can be challenging due to the complexity of its symptoms and the overlap they share with other mental health conditions. Mental health professionals rely on specific diagnostic criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to assess an individual’s symptoms and determine if they meet the criteria for bipolar disorder.
The diagnostic process involves a thorough evaluation that includes psychiatric assessments, exploration of medical and family history, and the use of assessment tools like interviews, questionnaires, and mood diaries. These tools help gather additional information about the frequency, duration, and intensity of symptoms.
Distinguishing bipolar disorder from other conditions, such as major depressive disorder or cyclothymic disorder, can be challenging. It requires careful consideration of the presence and duration of manic or hypomanic episodes in addition to depressive episodes.
An accurate diagnosis is essential for developing an appropriate treatment plan. It enables healthcare providers to recommend targeted medication options, psychotherapy approaches, and lifestyle adjustments that effectively manage symptoms and improve overall well-being.
Treatment Options
Managing bipolar disorder requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach that combines medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle adjustments. By addressing the various aspects of the condition, individuals can achieve symptom stabilization, mood regulation, and improved quality of life.
Medication
Medications are commonly prescribed to individuals with bipolar disorder to stabilize mood, control symptoms, and prevent future episodes. Mood stabilizers, such as lithium, valproate, and lamotrigine, are often prescribed as the first-line treatment. These medications help regulate mood swings and reduce the severity and frequency of manic and depressive episodes. Antipsychotic medications, such as olanzapine or quetiapine, may also be prescribed to manage severe manic symptoms. Additionally, antidepressants may be used cautiously in combination with mood stabilizers to address depressive symptoms.
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy, or “talk therapy,” plays a vital role in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Different forms of therapy can be beneficial, including:
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT helps individuals identify and modify negative thought patterns and behaviors. It focuses on managing triggers, developing coping skills, and enhancing problem-solving abilities.
• Interpersonal Therapy (IPT): IPT focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and addressing communication difficulties and conflicts. It helps individuals build healthy and supportive connections, which can contribute to overall well-being.
• Family-Focused Therapy: This type of therapy involves the individual with bipolar disorder and their family members. It aims to enhance understanding, communication, and support within the family unit. Family-focused therapy can improve treatment adherence and help create a more stable and supportive environment.
Lifestyle Adjustments
Making certain lifestyle changes can significantly impact the management of bipolar disorder. These adjustments include:
• Sleep Management: Maintaining a regular sleep schedule is crucial. Sufficient sleep is essential for mood stability, and disruptions in sleep patterns can trigger episodes. Establishing a routine and practicing good sleep hygiene can promote better sleep quality.
• Exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity has numerous benefits for individuals with bipolar disorder. Exercise promotes mood regulation, reduces stress, and improves overall well-being. Activities such as walking, jogging, yoga, or dancing can be incorporated into daily routines.
• Stress Management: Developing effective stress management techniques is vital in preventing and managing bipolar episodes. This may include practicing relaxation techniques (such as deep breathing or mindfulness meditation), engaging in hobbies or activities that bring joy, and seeking support from friends, family, or support groups.
• Avoid Substance Use: Avoiding alcohol and recreational drugs is essential, as they can disrupt mood stability and interfere with the effectiveness of medications.
It is important for individuals with bipolar disorder to work closely with their healthcare team to develop an individualized treatment plan. Regular communication, adherence to medication schedules, consistent therapy sessions, and a commitment to healthy lifestyle practices are key to effectively managing the condition and achieving long-term stability.
Coping Strategies and Support
Living with bipolar disorder requires adopting coping strategies that promote stability and self-care. It is vital for individuals to identify their triggers and warning signs, develop healthy routines, and practice stress reduction techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, and relaxation exercises.
Establishing a strong support system is equally important. This may involve involving family members, close friends, or support groups where individuals can share experiences, seek guidance, and receive emotional support. Additionally, educating oneself about bipolar disorder and accessing reputable self-help resources can empower individuals in managing their condition.
Addressing Stigma and Misconceptions
Bipolar disorder, like many mental health conditions, faces pervasive stigma and misconceptions in society. The uninformed judgments and stereotypes associated with this condition can further isolate individuals and hinder their path to recovery.
It is our collective responsibility to challenge these stigmas, replace them with empathy and understanding, and create an inclusive environment that supports individuals with bipolar disorder. By fostering open conversations, promoting mental health education, and sharing personal experiences, we can help reduce the stigma surrounding bipolar disorder and encourage a more compassionate society.
Conclusion
Understanding bipolar disorder is vital for effective management and creating a supportive environment. By recognizing symptoms, causes, and risk factors, we can reduce stigma and promote empathy. To support individuals with bipolar disorder, contact Emoneeds. Emoneeds provides resources, assistance, and support for those affected by mental health conditions. Your involvement in raising awareness can make a significant impact. Let’s work together to foster understanding, acceptance, and a brighter future for individuals with bipolar disorder.
DBT emphasizes “mindfulness” practice. Mindfulness develops awareness of emotion, awareness of behavior, and awareness of one’s surroundings, allowing people to observe and accept their current experience without being judgmental. DBT therapists help individuals understand their patterns of emotion regulation, their impact on various aspects of lives, recognize them, and learn healthy skills to express emotions and cope with distressing situations. “Emotion regulation skills” learned through DBT help people deal with their vulnerability to rapid and intense emotional reactions.
People with emotional dysregulation have a lower level of tolerance for distress. A lower distress tolerance level impacts one’s ability to make decisions, which again leads to impulsive or self-destructive behavior. DBT places strong emphasis on enhancing the “distress tolerance skill”. Distress tolerance skills help individuals navigate challenging circumstances and emotions until they are able to respond in an effective way. As a result, such skills help them manage impulsive behaviors and self-destructive tendencies.
Another main focus of DBT is to improve interpersonal skills and help people develop healthy relationships. The “interpersonal effectiveness skills” that one acquires through DBT improve Individuals’ communication, assertiveness, and problem-solving abilities, helping them to manage relationships in a healthier and more adaptable manner. DBT also teaches how to establish healthy boundaries so that one may take care of oneself and have healthier relationships. When disputes occur, DBT skills assist in dealing with them constructively and finding solutions that work.
DBT boosts resilience by providing individuals with practical skills for navigating life’s problems, improving well-being, and creating a more fulfilling and balanced existence.
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Jay-Z ordered to appear in court May 8 as part of SEC case
Rapper Jay-Z was ordered by a New York judge on Thursday to appear in court next week to explain why he has refused to comply with a subpoena from the Securities and Exchange Commission as part of an investigation. Judge Paul Gardephe in the Southern District of New York told the hip-hop mogul to show up in court on May 8. The SEC wants to talk to Jay-Z — whose birth name is Shawn Carter — as part of its probe of financial reports filed by Iconix Brand Group, Inc., a New York-based company that paid him more than $200 million to acquire intangible assets from an urban apparel company he co-founded. The agency sought the court order in connection with its investigation of potential violations of securities laws involving Iconix, once a high-flying, brand-management company whose stock has collapsed amid earnings restatements and the SEC investigation. Jay-Z has formed partnerships with the company. In 2007, Iconix, which owns London Fog, Ecko and other clothing lines, bought the apparel company Rocawear that Jay-Z started in 1999. The singer is embroiled in a lawsuit with Iconix, which alleges he violated the terms of the deal. The SEC said it wants Jay-Z to testify about his joint ventures with Iconix, adding that he is not accused of any wrongdoing. The agency initially issued a subpoena for his testimony on Nov. 16, 2017. On Feb. 23, 2018, after he retained new counsel, the SEC issued a second subpoena for him to testify. He failed to appear as required by the subpoenas and, through his counsel, has declined to provide any additional dates on which he will agree to appear for investigative testimony, the SEC said. Jana Fleishman, a spokeswoman for Jay-Z, said the superstar performer, who is married to Beyoncé, has nothing to do with this case. “We are aware that the SEC is seeking information on Iconix’ s financial reporting," Fleishman said in a statement. "Mr. Carter had no role in that reporting or Iconix’s other actions as a public company. Mr. Carter is a private citizen who should not be involved in this matter.” Iconix said in 2015 that the SEC was investigating potential misconduct involving the accounting treatment for certain joint ventures. Iconix’s share price has plummeted to about 60 cents from a high of $44 in 2014. A spokesman for the company did not immediately respond to a request for comment. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Our gut flora is the game changer in managing our immunity. The human gastrointestinal tract house constitutes about seventy percent of the immune system. Yes, your immune system - the complex system within our bodies that protects us and keeps us healthy.
immune system, immunity, immune health, boosting immunityOur immune system offers different levels of defense against foreign invaders. Besides the anatomical barriers - such as the skin - and mucous membranes - like tears, sweat, and salivation - our immune system is broken into two distinct courses or progressions. First, we have the innate, or non-specific, part of the immune system in which our bodies elicit a broad, general response to foreign invaders such as bacteria or viruses. When you cut your leg or burn your hand, the pain, redness, and inflammation are all part of the innate immune system. Second, we have the humoral, or adaptive and specific, immune system in which our bodies learn and improve on repeated exposure. Remember back when you were young and your mom sent you to chicken pox parties? This is so you would get chicken pox and your body would learn how to fight it off, so then when you become older your body can combat chicken pox and shingles effectively.
Our intestinal flora informs and influences our immune system. Researchers are still ironing out the exact mechanisms. However, we do know that our gut affects the mucosal part of our immune system, communicates with our immune system, and even affects growth of certain organs needed for proper immune function.
gastrointestinal tract, gi tract and immune system, immune system health
Our gut flora is compromised of foreign microbes living in a symbiotic relationship with us, the host. Our relationship with our gut flora is complex and constantly changing. The hope is that with the ideal conditions we can all live in harmony. When our gut flora is functioning optimally and breaking down the food we eat, one of the side benefits we obtain is the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs do many great things, including increase mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity. However, that ideal condition doesn’t always happen. When the gut flora becomes disrupted or wiped out, through such things as antibiotic use and chronic stress, pathogenic bacteria have the opportunity to settle. This can lead to a cascade of catastrophic events such as intestinal hyper-permeability, to systemic inflammation, to insulin insensitivity.
Our gut flora is like the gatekeeper, it is the security at a concert or club, it is the troll at the bridge, or the father of a teenage girl. Our gut flora cannot allow any garbage to penetrate the boundaries. When it does come across garbage this is when the flora signals the immune system to take action. This is basically the alarm sounding, telling the body that there is an intruder. If our immune system is working overtime to capture bad guys and put out fires, then we are left with an immune system that is not functioning at its optimum.
4 Ways to Enhance Your Immune System:
1. Clean up your diet. You have to clean up your diet in order to know what affects you. I’ve been grain-free, dairy-free, and processed-sugar-free for two plus years. Others I know are grain-free, but will consume full fat, unpasteurized dairy, as it does not affect them.
2. Take fish oil. This is so beneficial for systemic inflammation. I’m a huge advocate of the liquid fish oil by Original Nutritionals.
3. Get on a good probiotic every now and then. Probiotics are live microbial food supplements that improve the host’s intestinal microbial balance. You don’t have to take a probiotic every day of your life, but definitely take it during stressful times, after antibiotics, and if you’re feeling under the weather.
4. Get enough sleep. Allow your body to shut down, reset, and recharge. Five hours of sleep a night is not enough. I advise seven hours minimum with dark shades, no artificial lighting, and no potential interruptions.
Now, start by giving your immune system a fighting chance!
Photos courtesy of Shutterstock.
Topic: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Decision time for GOP elites - Alexander Burns and Jonathan Martin - POLITICO.com
The expectation, said one Romney fundraiser, is that a lot of the money people, these pro-business money guys, will probably be more favorable to somebody like Mitt than they would be to somebody like Perry. [Perry's] rhetoric gives pause to people who want to see someone in power that has a certain amount of reserve to them. When you're president, you can't all of a sudden take back that you attacked Vladimir Putin, the fundraiser said. Electability's a big factor with bundlers. So is momentum, though, and one former senior aide to President George W. Bush gave Romney only a short window to turn back the Perry surge.I believe that if Perry survives September that most people will jump to Perry, the aide said. They'll see him as lead dog and he'll have shaken off the notion that he's a complete boob.However the tug-of-war for political elites turns out, it's unlikely that either Romney or Perry will be knocked out of the race purely for lack of funds. Romney has a personal fortune of up to a quarter-billion dollars, so he has the option of writing himself a check if his donors get tapped out.What's more, there are independent super PACs supporting Romney and Perry's campaigns. That means the most enthusiastic donors on each side can give unlimited sums to support their candidate.Still, some in the GOP fundraising community raise a disappointing scenario for both front-runners: the possibility that Republican donors, frustrated with the lack of a candidate they really love, will simply wait until the general election to get involved.A second former RNC chairman cautioned that donors can easily find places to put their money that don't involve choosing a specific presidential candidate. Prominent among those options would be pro-Republican outside groups such as American Crossroads and the American Action Network.There are a lot of other things these guys might want to get involved in. In 2000, there was one choice, the former chairman said. Now that's an infrastructure that exists that didn't back then.Donors could also scatter according to more parochial or self-interested concerns, the second ex-chairman said, musing: If I'm John Boehner, and I look back at last cycle and saw most of my pickups were from New York, do I want Perry on top of the ticket?To Republican insiders who have already made their choice in the 2012 race, all the caution is starting to look an awful lot like dithering.Vin Weber, the former Minnesota congressman and Tim Pawlenty backer, went a step further and urged Republicans to stop waiting for a candidate on a white horse and decide among the options in front of them as he did last week by endorsing Romney.Ok, we had to get someone else into the race. It was Rick Perry, it lasted for 24 hours, then there was Paul Ryan, said Weber, now a lobbyist in Washington. I think it makes more sense for Republicans to start choosing up right now. So is momentum, though, and one former senior aide to President George W. Bush gave Romney only a short window to turn back the Perry surge. I believe that if Perry survives September that most people will jump to Perry, the aide said. They'll see him as lead dog and he'll have shaken off the notion that he's a complete boob. However the tug-of-war for political elites turns out, it's unlikely that either Romney or Perry will be knocked out of the race purely for lack of funds. Romney has a personal fortune of up to a quarter-billion dollars, so he has the option of writing himself a check if his donors get tapped out. What's more, there are independent super PACs supporting Romney and Perry's campaigns. That means the most enthusiastic donors on each side can give unlimited sums to support their candidate. Still, some in the GOP fundraising community raise a disappointing scenario for both front-runners: the possibility that Republican donors, frustrated with the lack of a candidate they really love, will simply wait until the general election to get involved. A second former RNC chairman cautioned that donors can easily find places to put their money that don't involve choosing a specific presidential candidate. Prominent among those options would be pro-Republican outside groups such as American Crossroads and the American Action Network. There are a lot of other things these guys might want to get involved in. In 2000, there was one choice, the former chairman said. Now that's an infrastructure that exists that didn't back then. Donors could also scatter according to more parochial or self-interested concerns, the second ex-chairman said, musing: If I'm John Boehner, and I look back at last cycle and saw most of my pickups were from New York, do I want Perry on top of the ticket? To Republican insiders who have already made their choice in the 2012 race, all the caution is starting to look an awful lot like dithering. Vin Weber, the former Minnesota congressman and Tim Pawlenty backer, went a step further and urged Republicans to stop waiting for a candidate on a white horse and decide among the options in front of them as he did last week by endorsing Romney. Ok, we had to get someone else into the race. It was Rick Perry, it lasted for 24 hours, then there was Paul Ryan, said Weber, now a lobbyist in Washington. I think it makes more sense for Republicans to start choosing up right now. It will be MiTT ROMNEY *** MARCO RUBIO for the GOP. BECAUSE OBAMA CHANCES OF BEING RE-ELECTED ARE LOOKING DIMMER AND DIMMER Will Obama replace Joe Biden with Hillary Clinton? Will Hillary Clinton or someone else primary challenge Obama? Will a Progressive Third Party emerge? OBAMA HAS FAILED AMERICA'S ECONOMIC RECOVERY The Republican party is showing too many signs tht they are still divided...It would seem tht whomever the GOP nominee is will have to work hard to sure up the rest if its base supporters... OBAMA HAS FAILED AMERICA'S ECONOMIC RECOVERY Can you provide any proof or validation or will you just keep ranting about how much you hate Obama........?? What's amazing is that either of these guys is taken seriously by MSM. If one wins, we will have 2% of the people owning the other 98%. Clearly, MSM works for the 2%. It is way too early for the media to be trying to funnel voters and donors into one of two Republican chutes. Voting doesn't even begin until next year! I believe the charismatic Sarah Palin will enter the race and that her entrance will shake the race and players up. Palin has already hinted at the outlines of her hardnosed campaign. She will attack all Republican insiders as members of the good old boys club. She has already, without mentioning names, attacked Romney and Perry as bought and paid for by big monied interests. Taking a page from charismatic Obama's political playbook, she will try to run on little donations from millions of uninfluential voters of modest means and try to be their voice and champion. I can see how she could have much success with that strategy. She's going to portray establishment Republican candidates as corrupt, weak men, timid tiny Tims who need a bevy of overpaid consultants to test-market their ideas, create their campaign strategy and even choose their clothes. With more states rejecting winner-takes-all Republican primaries and favoring proportionally appropriating delegates, more Republican candidates will see a good reason to take their campaigns all the way to the convention. I can see Palin, Bachmann, Paul, Perry, and Romney all staying in what may well prove to be a long slog of a slugfest to Tampa. GOP FIELD OF DUDS That's okay, then Obama must be a NUCLEAR DUD. The DUD of all DUDS. Just need to put things in your perspective. Romney is considered to be the GOP candidate that can defeat Obama and take the WH by most GOP insiders, David Axelrod, and Obama himself. With Progressive Shariahists to the Left and Domininionists to the Right, Romney is the person that the Independent voters support. The point of the election is to win. Won't the Independent voters as well as the state of the economy decide 2012? Of course, that is my opinion. GOP fundraisers and power brokers are coming to terms with what looks like an increasingly binary choice between Mitt Romney and Rick Perry. Rick Perry is to Obama what Sharon Angle was to Harry Reid . . . FOUR MORE YEARS . Perry is Obama's answer to prayer. default avatar for user Jeff1000 Member Since: Jan. 9, 2011 Party: Independent #12 Sep. 5, 2011 - 5:45 AM EST GOP FIELD OF DUDS That's okay, then Obama must be a NUCLEAR DUD. The DUD of all DUDS. Just need to put things in your perspective. J.O.B.S. is a COWARD!!! Like most of HIS KIND they will not admit it was BUSH and his CONGRESS that got us into this MESS!!! He is a COWARD be cause he will not admit all the HATE is from a BIGOT!!!! BUSH and his CONGRESS that got us into this MESS How quickly you forget Bush had a democratic congress. So that means it was just as much the Dems fault . Just thought I would clearify that for you #1 Sep. 5, 2011 - 6:33 AM EST Michael1946: Sep. 5, 2011 - 6:04 AM EST BUSH and his CONGRESS that got us into this MESS How quickly you forget Bush had a democratic congress. So that means it was just as much the Dems fault . Just thought I would clearify that for you They are 2 sides of the same coin. Discard the worthless coin. House Spkr. Beonher: Why has the GOP controlled House Of Representatives passed ZERO, ZERO, ZERO Jobs Bill todate??? GOP controlled House Of Representatives has not introduced one (1) JOBS Bill for a vote for passage, why is that? Is GOP and Tea Party forcing unemployment hiring to dampen President Obama's 2012 election? No matter the price to the US citizens, whether an increase in unemployment or hunger in America, GOP polititcs come first? We know how to deal with weasels down in Texas? Never before has America been so divided, and never before has there been so much political and physical violence directed at one party (Democrats) by another - in this case the foaming racists of the teaparty. This country has become ungovernable. Anyone who disagrees with the teaparty or dares to defend a black person, a gay person, an immigrant or the poor is at risk of being shot (Gifford) or lynched (CBC). No sane person would object if Obama declared a state of emergency and postponed the next Presidential election until after things have calmed down. Plus, it would give Obama more time to effect real change. It's time for him to take control and dissolve Congress now! CHECK YOUR HISTORY!!!! THE REPUBLICANS RULED THE CONGRESS FOR HOW MANY YEARS OUT OF 8???? Live from New Hampshire here. We have just watched our Tea Party Republican Chairman (Jack Kimball) removed from his position in a blood bath between the Romney and Ultra-Right (presumably Rick Perry) forces. This type of rift is being repeated all over the country. And, anyone who believes these differences in philosophy are going to be resolved and result in a victory for Republicans next Fall is living in a fools paradise. The sides barely speak to each other in meetings. Political investors don't like this internal Republican warfare. And, Tea Partiers take no prisoners. Wake up folks. The check is not in the mail. ah there is nothing like a good ol Republican backstabing lying bloodbath!! Where these extremist spew their HATE and vitriol at each other! Mittens vs the jexas successionist who wants to get rid of Social Security completely. What the artical is really saying is... the GOP ELITE on Wall Street and lobbiest firms, will be picking who gets the nod. NOT the teabagger trailer-park dito-heads who listen to RUSHBO all day long. MiTT ROMNEY secured an important South Carolina Tea Party endorsement from S.C. State Treasurer, Curtis Loftis. Ann and MiTT also highligthted the New Hampshire Labor Day weekend Tea Party Express rally Sunday. You say that like it's a good thing? It isn't. The more Romney appeals to the confederate fringe, the less chance he will have of winning the presidential election. You betcha. CHECK YOUR HISTORY!!!! THE REPUBLICANS RULED THE CONGRESS FOR HOW MANY YEARS OUT OF 8???? Six years of big debt, rubber stamping every bad idea that Darth Cheney and his tool, Dubya, requested. How quickly you forget Bush had a democratic congress. So that means it was just as much the Dems fault . Here ya have it folks. The know nothing, angry, American hating, ignorant base of the confederate GOPTea party and their altered reality. Carry on. Why does Rick Perry keep his homosexuality in the closet? | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Stephen Lesieur
Stephen Lesieur or Le Sieur (fl. 1575 –1640) was a Swiss-born English ambassador to Denmark, Florence, and the Holy Roman Empire.
Career
Lesieur was born in Geneva, came to England in 1575, and was first employed as a servant of Sir Philip Sidney.
In March 1583 an envoy in London collecting money for the church in Geneva, Jean Maillet, met Lesieur and they discussed efforts to raise a ransom for the English diplomat Daniel Rogers, who had been captured by Maarten Schenck van Nydeggen.
Lesieur came to Edinburgh as the secretary of Robert Sidney in August 1588 and made the acquaintance of a Flemish mining engineer, Eustachius Roche.
The Danish council was angered by a letter from Queen Elizabeth which he brought in October 1599, and they claimed to believe it came from private persons, rather than the queen or her advisors. Lesieur was given a gift of Christian IV's portrait.
In 1602 he was appointed as assistant to an embassy sent to Bremen to meet Danish ambassadors including Manderup Parsberg and Jonas Charisius to discuss fishing rights. The ambassadors were Ralph, Lord Eure, Sir John Herbert, and Daniel Donne.
After the Union of the Crowns in 1603 it was said Lesieur would be sent to Germany to announce King James' accession to the throne of England, while Anthony Standen was sent to Italy. He was ambassador to the Holy Roman Empire in 1603-1604 and 1610-1614, and ambassador to Florence in 1608-1609.
On 12 February 1603 Lesieur wrote from Bremen to Christian IV of Denmark, sending a miniature portrait of Queen Elizabeth that he had commissioned in London at Christian's request. James VI and I paid him in June 1603 for his role as assistant ambassador to Denmark for Queen Elizabeth, at a rate of forty shillings a day. On 17 August he wrote from Neukloster near Wismar to Robert Cecil detailing his movements and meetings, following his audience with Charles I, Duke of Mecklenburg.
In March 1608 he was preparing to go to Italy when one of his companions and cousins, the eldest son of Sir Richard Norton, was challenged to a duel by Henry Clare (a follower of the Earl of Montgomery) for wrongs done to his sister. Lesieur wrote to the Earl of Salisbury to prevent a fight. The young man, later Sir Richard Norton of Rotherfield (d. 1646) joined the embassy in Florence.
The Governor of Vlissengen, John Throckmorton heard in October 1612 that Lesieur had a "sour" audience with the Emperor, and a better reception from Archduke Maximilian, and had gone to the Duke of Brunswick to offer condolences on the death of his father.
In May 1614 Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia wrote to her father King James saying that Lesieur could explain the actions of Colonel Schönberg that would make him a suitable husband for her lady in waiting, Anne Dudley, daughter of Theodosia Harington and Edward Sutton, 5th Baron Dudley.
In 1633 the printer William Fitzer dedicated an edition of Philip Sidney's letters to Lesieur, who had given him a volume of Sidney's correspondence with Hubert Languet.
The dates of Lesieur's birth and death are uncertain. He lived at Chiswick in his old age. | WIKI |
Why Am I Craving Sugar All Of A Sudden?
Often, the craving is for foods high in sugar and fats, which can make maintaining a healthful diet difficult.
Food cravings are caused by the regions of the brain that are responsible for memory, pleasure, and reward.
An imbalance of hormones, such as leptin and serotonin, can also cause food cravings.16 Jul 2017
What deficiency causes sugar cravings?
Magnesium is used in the regulation of glucose, insulin, and the neurotransmitter dopamine; a deficiency can manifest in the form of intense sugar cravings, especially for chocolate. Zinc is needed for proper insulin and glucose utilization; a deficiency can also lead to sugar cravings.11 Sep 2013
Why am I suddenly craving sugar all the time?
Sugar cravings are common and can often be explained by simple things, like the side effects from certain foods in your diet or a bad habit that has reprogramed your brain. But some sugar cravings can be a result of an underlying nutrient deficiency.8 Nov 2018
What does a sugar craving mean?
Sugar cravings are extremely common, especially among women. Those experiencing a sugar craving feel a strong urge to eat something sweet and can find it difficult to control themselves around food. This can lead to binge eating or over-consuming calories, sometimes on a regular basis ( 2 ).8 Jan 2018
What is your body missing when you crave sweets?
First things first—before looking for answers, you need to identify the type of sugary food you are craving. “If you’re craving chocolate, it could mean your body is deficient in magnesium, which is a really common deficiency these days,” explains Goodman.27 Feb 2017 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Darwin Correspondence Project
From Charles Lyell 10 March 1866
53 Harley Street:
March 10, 1866.
My dear Darwin,—
Your precious MS. has arrived safe.1 I will return it registered in a few days. I am much obliged to you for the privilege of reading it; and in regard to the notes prepared for the new edition,2 I am amused to find how many of the topics are the same as those treated of in the letters of yourself, Hooker, and Bunbury, in commenting on the observations by Agassiz of marks of glaciation in the Organ Mountains.3 By the way, you allude to Hooker’s discovery of moraines in the Sikhim Mountains, which I believe are only about 7o farther from the equator than the Organ Mountains.4 It is very interesting to read Hooker’s letter dated 1856, and to see the impression which the MS. made on him, causing him to feel, as he says, ‘shaky as to species’ so long before the ‘Origin’ was published.5 We certainly ran no small risk of that work never seeing the light, until Wallace and others would have anticipated it in some measure.6 But it was only by the whole body of doctrine being brought together, systematised, and launched at once upon the public, that so great an effect could have been wrought in the public mind.
I have been doing my best to do justice to the astronomical causes of former changes of climate, as I think you will see in my new edition, but I am more than ever convinced that the geographical changes are, as I always maintained, the principal and not the subsidiary ones.7 If you snub them, it will be peculiarly ungrateful in you, if you want to have so much general refrigeration at a former period.8 In my winter of the great year, I gave you in 1830 cold enough to annihilate every living being.9 The ice now prevailing at both poles is owing to an abnormal excess of land, as I shall show by calculation.10 Variations in eccentricity have no doubt intensified the cold when certain geographical combinations favoured them, but only in exceptional cases, such as ought to have occurred very rarely, as paleontology proves to have been the case.11
Ever most truly yours, | Charles Lyell.
Footnotes
CD had sent Lyell the manuscript for chapter 11 of his ‘big book’ on species (Natural selection, pp. 534–66), and notes for additions to editions of Origin (see letter to Charles Lyell, 8 March [1866] and nn. 8 and 9; see also letter to Charles Lyell, [3 March 1866] and n. 6).
Lyell refers to notes for additions to the fourth edition of Origin (see n. 1, above).
Lyell refers to the letters from C. J. F. Bunbury to Charles Lyell, 3 February 1866 and 20 February 1866, the letters to Charles Lyell, 7 February [1866], 15 February [1866], and 22 February [1866], and the letter from J. D. Hooker, 21 February 1866. Lyell had sought comment from CD, Joseph Dalton Hooker, and Charles James Fox Bunbury on Louis Agassiz’s claim that he had found evidence of former glacial action in the Organ Mountains of Brazil (see letter to Charles Lyell, 7 February [1866]).
In the manuscript that he sent Lyell (see n. 1, above), CD wrote, citing J. D. Hooker 1854: ‘Looking south we find in the Himalaya abundant evidence of the former much lower descent of the Glaciers, which have left behind them enormous Moraines’ (DAR 14: D16 v.; see also Natural selection, p. 545 and n. 5). Hooker had described moraines and other evidence of former glaciation in valleys in Sikkim and elsewhere in the Himalayas in J. D. Hooker 1854, 1: 248, 380. The mountains of Sikkim are near latitude 28o N, and the Organ Mountains of Brazil are near latitude 23o S (Times atlas).
CD sent Lyell Hooker’s letter of 9 November 1856 (Correspondence vol. 6) with the manuscript of chapter 11 of his ‘big book’ on species (see n. 1, above).
The publication of Origin was precipitated by a letter from Alfred Russel Wallace to CD containing Wallace’s manuscript ‘On the tendency of varieties to depart indefinitely from the original type’. See Correspondence vol. 7, letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [June 1858] and n. 3, and Appendixes III and IV.
CD had expressed the view that geographical changes were subsidiary causes of former climate change (see letter to Charles Lyell, 8 March [1866] and nn. 6 and 7). In C. Lyell 1867–8, Lyell considered the geographical causes of former changes in climate in chapter 12; the corresponding astronomical causes are considered in chapter 13.
Lyell refers to CD’s manuscript (see n. 1, above), in which CD’s theory of geographical distribution was based upon the premise that glaciation had at some stage affected the whole earth or ‘a few great meridional belts’ (DAR 14: D20, D34; see also Natural selection, pp. 548, 557). In Origin, the causes of the glacial period were first considered in the fifth edition, in which CD referred to James Croll’s astronomical theory of glaciation (Origin 5th ed., pp. 451–2); in the sixth and final edition, CD referred briefly to Lyell’s theory that glaciation was caused by changes in the relative positions of land and water and related it to Croll’s theory (Origin 6th ed., p. 336; see also Peckham ed. 1959, pp. 593–4).
Lyell thought that the earth’s climate varied according to great cycles of change; in the first edition of Principles of geology, published between 1830 and 1833, a complete cycle was termed the ‘great year’, during the winter of which ‘not only land as extensive as our existing continents, but immense tracts of sea in the frigid and temperate zones, would … present a solid surface covered with snow’ (C. Lyell 1830–3, 1: 116–23; quotation from pp. 119–20). For commentaries on Lyell’s concept of the ‘great year’, see Secord 1997, pp. xviii–xix, and Leeder 1998, p. 108.
In the tenth edition of Principles of geology, Lyell argued that the current proportion of land to sea in polar regions was greater than it once had been, and that consequently the temperature of the earth as a whole was cooler (C. Lyell 1867–8, 1: 247–8).
Croll had recently estimated the dates of recurrent glacial periods as a function of periods of maximum eccentricity in the earth’s orbit (Croll 1866a). Lyell challenged these estimated periods of glaciation on the grounds that palaeontological evidence indicated that some coincided with long periods of equable temperatures (C. Lyell 1867–8, 1: 299–300).
Summary
Comments on cool-period MS. Still believes geographical changes principal cause of former changes of climate.
Letter details
Letter no.
DCP-LETT-5031
From
Charles Lyell (1st baronet)
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
London, Harley St, 53
Source of text
K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 408–9
Please cite as
Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 5031,” accessed on 22 August 2017, http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/DCP-LETT-5031
Also published in The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 14
letter | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
ExxonMobil to Purchase 25% Stake from Eni in Area 4 Block
ExxonMobil CorporationXOM and Eni SpA E recently inked a purchase and sale agreement, per which the former will purchase an indirect stake of 25% from the latter in the natural gas-rich Area 4 block, offshore Mozambique.
Currently, Eni has 50% indirect interest in the block through a 71.4% stake in Eni East Africa, which holds 70% of the Area 4 concession. Per the agreed terms, the transaction includes a cash price of about $2.8 billion.
The completion of the acquisition is subject to the fulfilment of a number of precedent conditions, including clearance from Mozambican and other regulatory authorities.
On closure of the transaction, Eni East Africa S.p.A. will be co-owned by Eni, ExxonMobil and CNPC, holding 35.7%, 35.7% and 28.6%, respectively. The remaining interests in Area 4 are held by Empresa Nacional de Hidrocarbonetos de Mozambique E.P., Kogas and Galp Energia, each holding 10%, respectively.
Eni will continue to head the Coral floating LNG project and all upstream operations in Area 4. The construction and operation of natural gas liquefaction facilities onshore, on the other hand, will be led by ExxonMobil. This operating model will ensure the use of best practices and skills of Eni and ExxonMobil as each company will be focusing on separate and clearly defined scopes alongside maintaining the advantages of a fully integrated project.
Natural gas is anticipated to be the world's fastest growing primary source of fuel and Mozambique is well-positioned to supply LNG customers around the world. The deepwater Area 4 block is projected to hold 85 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. This is expected to deliver resources for a world-class liquefied natural gas project, in which the partners are likely to invest tens of billions of dollars, working in close collaboration with the government and local communities.
Per ExxonMobil, the asset is a major addition to the company's global development portfolio.
Shares of the company have underperformed the Zacks categorized Oil & Gas-International Integrated industry in the last three months. During the period, Exxon Mobil shares lost 10.2%, while the broader industry registered a decrease of 5.4%.
ExxonMobil carries a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold). Some better-ranked players in the same space include Pioneer Natural Resources Company PXD and Crescent Point Energy Corp. CPG . All these stocks sport a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy). You can see the complete list of today's Zacks #1 Rank stocks here .
Pioneer Natural Resources posted a positive earnings surprise of 63.33% in the preceding quarter. It had an average positive earnings surprise of 21.86% in the four trailing quarters.
Crescent Point Energy posted a positive earnings surprise of 244.44% in the preceding quarter. It beat estimates in all the four trailing quarters with an average positive earnings surprise of 127.16%.
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Zacks Investment Research
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Lists of a cappella groups
This is a list of lists of a cappella groups.
Lists
There are several lists of a cappella groups, listings of groups that sing a cappella.
* List of professional a cappella groups
* Lists of collegiate a cappella groups
* List of collegiate a cappella groups in the United States
* List of Stanford University a cappella groups
* List of university a cappella groups in the United Kingdom
* List of alumni of collegiate a cappella groups | WIKI |
Author:Grigory Zinoviev
Works
* Army and People (1920)
* Twelve Days in Germany (1921)
* The Third International to the Workers of all Countries Concerning the Polish Question (1920)
* Report of the Executive Committee of the Communist International (1921)
* Report: Work of the Executive Committee of the Communist International (1924)
* "Speech by Comrade Zinoviev" in The Lessons of the German Events (1924)
* Nicolai Lenin: His Life and Work (1924)
* Denial of authorship of the 'Zinoviev Letter (1924)
* The Progress of the Communist Party of Great Britain (1925)
* Russia's Path to Communism (1926)
* The Communist Party and Industrial Communism | WIKI |
Input Functions
Overview
TensorFlow estimators receive data through input functions. Input functions take an arbitrary data source (in-memory data sets, streaming data, custom data format, and so on) and generate Tensors that can be supplied to TensorFlow models.
More concretely, input functions are used to:
1. Turn raw data sources into Tensors, and
2. Configure how data is drawn during training (shuffling, batch size, epochs, etc.)
You can also perform feature engineering within an input function; however, it’s better to use feature columns for this purpose whenever possible, as in that case the tranformations are made part of the TensorFlow graph and so can be executed without an R runtime (e.g. when the model is deployed onto a device or server).
The tfestimators package includes an input_fn() function that can create TensorFlow input functions from common R data sources (e.g. data frames and matrices). It’s also possible to write a fully custom input function. Both methods of creating input functions are covered below.
Data Frame Input
You can create an input function from an R data frame using the input_fn() method. You can specify feature and response variables either explicitly or using the R formula interface.
For example, to create an input function for the mtcars dataset with features “drat” and “cyl” and response “mpg” you could use this code:
Or alternatively use the R formula interface like this:
Note that input_fn functions provide several parameters for controlling how data is drawn from the input source. These include batch_size (defaults to 128), shuffle (default to "auto"), and epochs (defaults to 1). Note that, by default, shuffling is disabled during prediction.
Training vs. Evaluation
It’s often the case that you’ll want to use the same basic input function for training and evaluation, but need to provide a distinct dataset for each step. In that case you can create a wrapper function that returns the same input function with varying input data.
For example, imagine we have already split the mtcars dataset into training and test subsets. We could have an input function generator like this:
The ... parameter is used to forward additional options to input_fn().
This helper function could then be used during training and evaluation as follows:
Matrix Input
As with data frames, you can also pass an R matrix to input_fn() to automatically create an input function for the matrix. Note however that in order to specify the features and response parameters you will need to ensure that your matrix columns are named. For example:
List Input
There’s also a built-in input_fn() that works on nested lists, for example:
In the above example, the data is a list of two named lists where each named list can be seen as different columns in a dataset. In this case, a column named features is being used as features to the model and a column named response is being used as the response variable. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Toronto school shooting kills one
Canada
In Toronto, Canada's largest city, a high school shooting this afternoon at around 2:35 p.m. killed one teenager.
A grade 9 student, Jordan Manners, 15, was shot in the chest while near the swimming pool of C. W. Jeffreys Collegiate Institute in the Jane-Finch neighbourhood of Toronto. The boy was found lying in a school hallway at approximately 2:35 p.m. ET with a single bullet wound to the chest. He was then rushed to Sunnybrook Hospital, but died soon after the incident.
The school quickly went into lockdown mode and students stayed in their classrooms for hours, though several came out in stretchers and were taken to Sunnybrook Hospital for hyperventilation. Police searched the building for weapons but found none. Shortly after, an Emergency Task Force (ETF) crew entered the building. An officer was stationed in every room during the lengthy lockdown. The school was taken out of lockdown at approximately 6:15 p.m. and students are being bused on TTC buses to a nearby middle school. "Students have a right to a safe school environment. It's shocking that such an event could take place in our schools," said Bill Blair, Toronto Police Chief.
Mayor David Miller interrupted the city council to make a brief speech to the councilors when he heard the news. "I never thought that we would have to have a moment like this in Toronto when the mayor had to rise and say that a student of a high school in our city was found shot," he said.
This is the first major violent incident to take place at an Ontario high school since 2000, when four students and one staff member were wounded in a knife attack at Cairine Wilson High School in Orléans, Ontario.
This is the 13th Toronto killing involving gun-violence in 2007, and brings up Toronto's murder rate to 26 so far.
This story has new developments.
Updated information can be found here | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Border Patrol to keep Texas immigration checkpoints open during hurricane | TheHill
The United States Border Patrol says it is planning on keeping roadside immigration checkpoints along the Rio Grande River open during the landfall of Hurricane Harvey this weekend. The agency released a statement on Thursday saying the checkpoints will remain open "unless there is a danger" to the public or the Border Patrol agents in the area. “Border Patrol checkpoints will not be closed unless there is a danger to the safety of the traveling public and our agents. Border Patrol resources, including personnel and transportation, will be deployed on an as needed basis to augment the efforts and capabilities of local-response authorities,” Border Patrol agents said in a statement first reported by the Texas Tribune. "The Border Patrol is a law enforcement agency and we will not abandon our law enforcement duties," the statement added. Hurricane Harvey, which is currently a Category 2 hurricane, is expected to make landfall as a Category 3 storm late Friday or early Saturday. It is expected to be the largest hurricane to hit the United States since 2004 and the largest in the Texas region since 1999. The governors of Texas and Louisiana have declared states of emergency ahead of Harvey's landfall. On Thursday, President Trump phoned both governors to pledge the federal government's support for recovery efforts. "President Trump called Governor Abbott to offer federal support for the State of Texas as Hurricane Harvey approaches the Gulf Coast. The President pledged all available resources from the federal government to assist in preparation, and rescue and recovery efforts," Texas Gov. Greg Abbott (R) wrote in a statement. "The Governor thanked the President for his pledge of support and assured him that the state is working hand-in-hand with local and federal partners on all issues related to the storm," the statement added. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Annabella Sciorra: What we know about the 'Sopranos' actress who could testify against Harvey Weinstein
(CNN)At the 2018 Oscars, actress Annabella Sciorra and two other leaders of the Time's Up movement spoke out about the sexual harassment that had rattled Hollywood. "This year many spoke their truth," Sciorra said then. "And the journey ahead is long, but slowly, a new path has emerged." For Sciorra, that new path is likely take her to a New York courtroom and a faceoff with Harvey Weinstein, the disgraced movie mogul who allegedly raped her in her apartment more than two decades ago. Prosecutors filed a new indictment against Weinstein on Monday in an effort to add Sciorra's testimony to his upcoming criminal trial in January. Weinstein has pleaded not guilty to five sexual assault charges, and his attorneys have argued the encounters were consensual. The judge has not made a final ruling if Sciorra will be allowed to testify, but her attorney Gloria Allred said prosecutors had asked her to do so. "I admire Annabella's courage," Allred said outside court. "She has been willing to testify when asked to do so because she feels that it is in the interest of justice for the jury to hear and evaluate all relevant evidence in order for them to decide the appropriate verdict in this case." Sciorra is best known for her Emmy-winning role in HBO's "The Sopranos" as Gloria Trillo, Tony Soprano's volatile mistress. But she first reached wider fame with her early 1990s starring turns in the Spike Lee's "Jungle Fever" and the psychological thriller "The Hand That Rocks the Cradle." Those early performances put her on Weinstein's radar. Sciorra first publicly accused Weinstein of a violent rape in October 2017 in an explosive story by The New Yorker's Ronan Farrow. She said she met Weinstein in the early 1990s, and they worked together on the film "The Night We Never Met," a romantic comedy produced by Weinstein's studio Miramax. At a dinner that both attended, Weinstein dropped Sciorra off at her apartment in New York, she told The New Yorker. She said she then heard a knock at the door, and when she opened it, Weinstein burst in and cornered her. She told him to leave, but he grabbed her, shoved her onto the bed and forced sexual intercourse on her, she told the magazine. He then allegedly attempted to perform oral sex on her. She did not tell police about the alleged attack, and Weinstein continued to sexually harass her for years afterward, she told The New Yorker. Why Sciorra's testimony matters That alleged attack is outside of the statute of limitations for sexual assault, and Weinstein is not directly charged with the encounter. Still, Weinstein faces two counts of predatory sexual assault, and he can be convicted if prosecutors prove he committed sex crimes against multiple victims. Sciorra's testimony is solely relevant to these two charges. Manhattan prosecutors included Sciorra in an amended bill of particulars outlining their case in February to support these charges. The defense sought to keep her from testifying, saying it effectively charged him with a new crime that had not been presented to the grand jury. Justice James Burke sided with the defense in an August 8 ruling, so Manhattan prosecutors convened another grand jury this month, resulting in the indictment unsealed on Monday. Allred said in a statement that Sciorra is prepared to testify in court for the prosecution. "I commend Annabella for her willingness to take the stand and answer questions under oath. She has been willing to do that and share her truth even though she could anticipate a vigorous cross examination by the defense, which no doubt would not be pleasant for any witness to endure," Allred said. "She was willing to undergo that questioning even though there is no personal benefit to her, and even though it could be extremely stressful for her to do so." If she does testify, Sciorra would not be the only witness to speak about alleged assaults. The judge in Weinstein's case will allow three additional accusers to testify as "prior bad acts" witnesses against him, according to court documents filed Monday by prosecutors. The sexual assault charges against Weinstein relate to two women -- one on July 10, 2006, and another on March 18, 2013. But the three additional witnesses would testify about other uncharged acts as prosecutors try to show Weinstein had a similar pattern of behavior. In general, "prior bad acts" witnesses strengthen the prosecution's case, particularly in a he said-she said sexual assault trial with limited physical evidence. In Bill Cosby's trial, for example, five "prior bad acts" witnesses testified that the comedian had previously drugged and assaulted them, and the jury found him guilty. CNN's Lauren del Valle, Aaron Cooper, Elizabeth Joseph, Emanuella Grinberg and Jean Casarez contributed to this report. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Arctic light
User: Frank Olsen. Hobby photographer. Most of nature, and specially Aurora Borealis. Live in Tromsø, Norway My images On Facebook | WIKI |
Sedentaria
Sedentaria is a diverse clade of annelid worms. It is traditionally treated as a subclass of the paraphyletic class Polychaeta, but it is also a monophyletic group uniting several polychaetes and the monophyletic class Clitellata. It is the sister group of Errantia.
Phylogeny
The phylogeny of polychaetes is slowly being resolved. Sedentaria and Errantia are the two biggest clades of polychaetes, and together they compose clade Pleistoannelida. Sedentaria's most basal clade is Orbiniida. Other groups that are nested within Sedentaria are: Clitellata, the Sabellida/Spionida clade, Opheliida, Echiura, Cirratuliformia, Terebelliformia, Maldanomorpha and the families Siboglinidae and Capitellidae.
Some taxa, such as Spintheridae and Myzostomida, are still difficult to place due to their long branching, but they likely belong to either Errantia or Sedentaria. | WIKI |
Mapping Custom Themes to the UI
Mapping Custom Themes to the UI
As you plan your customizations, their scope will mean a lot. Do you want the changes to be seen across the UI, only in a particular community, or only in selected patches of the UI reached by certain URLs? The scope decision will be one of the first you make.
You'll use scope to map your custom themes to the UI so you can test your changes. Without this mapping, it won't be possible to really see how things are shaping up. The scope decisions are built on your design goals. If you're making more than just a few minor changes, you'll find it's useful to think in terms of UI boundaries. Will your changes impact certain kinds of content or certain communities, or certain content in certain communities? Your conceptual decision related to UI boundaries translates into implementation decisions about themes and their mappings.
In other words, group your change ideas into batches that correspond to the UI globally, or to communities, or to specific URLs. Then create custom themes corresponding to those groups, add custom templates to the themes, and map the themes to the UI scope you defined.
Template Hierarchy
Jive applies custom templates using the following hierarchy in which more specific levels override broader ones. The precedence from specific to general is URL > Community > Global, as described here:
Global
Make a theme the global theme when you want its templates to impact UI across the application. Keep in mind that if you separately customize those same templates in themes that are mapped to communities or URLs, those more specific mappings will take precedence.
Note that the word "global" is used in the path names for some templates. This can be a bit confusing. The name doesn't mean that the templates are always applied globally, but rather than they guide UI that's not specific to certain content types. A "global" template will be applied only to the parts of the UI its containing theme is mapped to, as described above.
Map to a Community
Map a theme to a community for community-specific look and feel. Using custom templates for blogs, communities, or discussions, you can have those content look like they belong together in a particular community. "Global" custom templates will guide the look of their UI elements only in that community.
Keep in mind that if you separately customize those same templates in themes that are mapped to URLs, the more specific mappings will take precedence.
Map to a URL
Mapping a theme to a URL is a great way to customize very specific parts of the UI, such as blogs or user profiles (or even just one person's blog and profile).
When specifying the URL to map to, you use regular expression syntax. For example, a dot (.) means "any character" and an asterisk ( * ) means "any number of characters."
For example, blog URLs follow this form:
<context_root>/blogs/<blog_name>/<post_year>/<post_month>/<post_date>/<post_title>
So the following would map a theme to "any blog posts from 2010":
.*/blogs/.*/2010.*
You can imagine how you might fill a theme with custom templates that guide blog appearance, along with some cross-content UI, then map that theme to this URL to call out content in blog years.
Here are a few more examples in which the instance root is merely "community":
All blogs
This reads as "any number of any characters followed by 'community/blogs' followed by any number of any characters."
.*community/blogs.*
// Or more universally:
.*blogs.*
Just the blogs main page
This reads as "any number of any characters followed by 'community/blogs' and nothing else."
.*community/blogs
// Or more universally:
.*blogs
A specific user's blog
This reads as "any number of any characters followed by 'community/blogs/gladys' and any number of any characters." In other words, this maps to all posts in Gladys' blog.
.*community/blogs/gladys.*
// Or more universally:
.*blogs/gladys.* | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Filebeat consumes a large amount of disk io reads on a Kubernetes node
When running Filebeat on a Kubernetes node, the system is spending a large amount of cpu cycles on iowait. According to according to iotop, the system during this time is writing 10 MB/S. Reads account for upwards of 150 MB/S. The Filebeat container gradually uses more memory in conjunction with increasing the io load until the memory limit we setup on the pod is reached and the pod gets restarted. There are no logs in the Filebeat container that indicate that the pod is getting into an error state or is failing to send logs to Kafka. Is there a setting we are overlooking that is causing this? Here is what we have for the two input types used by the Filebeat container. The node is using the Docker json logging driver and is using the default file size and count.
- type: docker
combine_partial: true
cri.parse_flags: true
close_inactive: 48h
containers.ids:
- "*"
exclude_lines:
- 1
.
.
- 8
- type: log
paths:
- "path 1"
- "path 2"
- "path 3"
exclude_lines:
- 1
.
.
- 5
fields:
log_topic: 'log_topic_name'
fields_under_root: true
scan_frequency: 1s
can you please use </> button to correctly format the configuration?
Formatting has been corrected.
is the docker spec under k8s template? if so you may want to avoid having * for containers.id as for note in the docs:
See warning above this section https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/7.0/configuration-autodiscover.html#_kubernetes
The spec is part of a Kubernetes resource definition that Filebeat reads from. We do not have use autodiscover. Should we use it instead of looking for all container ids that match * ? According to the Docker input documentation, it tells us to use containers.ids: '*' to read from all containers.
sorry I made wrong assumption. also filebeat use to consume more memory and cpu cycles with more and more files harvested. do you know how many files are being processed ?
We are creating roughly 5-8 new files every minute due to docker logs getting rotated. We have at most 42 docker log files. We have 10-12 Harvesters running when Filebeat starts consuming a lot of IO. Filebeat has around 900 open files, of which are docker log files that have been deleted, but Filebeat still holds open the inode. Filebeat does not show any error messages. It only shows metrics being published.
This topic was automatically closed 28 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Coptic homilies in the dialect of Upper Egypt/Sermon 2
ALSO THE EXPLANATION OF APA JOHN, ARCHBISHOP OF CONSTANTINOPLE, CONCERNING SUSANNA. Once more we come unto you with great readiness, for we are in debt to you in respect of an address. Not that we will be able to discharge our obligation completely, as is meet, but only to pay to you such things as we have according to our ability. Our willingness is manifest (or, open) and it gives help, and it would pay more than we are liable to pay, only the poverty of our speech afflicts us, and for this reason we appeal to you to accept a very little instead of very much. Now if it be that [each] one [of you] who accepts the very little, will amplify it by the ready will of his heart, then we will be [found to be] lacking in nothing whatsoever, and such portion as we lack our own ready mind will make complete. Now as concerning the little offerings brought by the poor man, and the large offerings of the rich man, when God looked upon them He received them to Himself with equal honour, nay, perhaps He was inclined more to the gifts of the poor man, for He looked upon the willingness in the heart rather than upon the abundance of the things offered. Let the proof of these words, moreover, be to you through the words of the poor widow, who threw two lepta into the treasury, for the honour of this offering was far greater in the sight of God than the gold which the rich men gave. For God has need not of gold, but of the pure heart, and of the upright purpose which is disposed towards that which is good. Now therefore we ourselves will enlarge our hearts in sincerity, and we will bring this address as [an offering] to God, and will set it aside and cast it into the spiritual treasury, and [thus] will we discharge our debt [of a discourse] to you. For I recall to my mind that I made the promise which I made to you yesterday that I would preach concerning the fortitude and prudence of Susanna, because [this subject] would be of very great advantage to many, just as the [story of the] fight of Joseph in his chastity and in his contending is of very great benefit to man. Let, moreover, Susanna fight now as in a theatre which is filled with the multitude. Let her fight in the place wherein God, and His angels, and men, and women, will look upon her, and she will teach young maidens to think scorn of death [if it be incurred] for chastity's sake. Now this blessed woman Susanna was of noble birth and race, and her bodily form was beautiful. She had been carefully secluded in her own chamber from her childhood, and having led a chaste life she had grown to woman's estate (now Satan had watched carefully her youthful beauty), and had joined herself in the bond of marriage according to the Law. And she kept her husband's bed undefiled, and she observed the ordinances of her marriage. Her eyes never rested with pleasure upon the beauty of a strange young man, or searched it out. She neither allowed her ears to listen at any time to the words of lewd speech, nor did she permit her nostrils to snuff sweet scents, nor did she array herself in apparel which had been held over the smoke of burning perfumes. In short, she did not permit any one of her senses to carry her away with sudden swiftness, lest the chastity which she had set firmly in her heart should be destroyed, and her soul glide downwards into obscene pleasures through the deceit of apathy. Now the greater number of the sins which come into being in the soul arise from the senses. For the soul abides in the heart, even as a virgin who lives quietly in her chamber, and the five senses are the servants which [minister] unto her. Now the senses are the eye, that is to say, the sight, and the hearing, and the smelling, and the taste, and the touch ; and if the soul be not led astray by any one of these senses, or corrupted thereby, it remains alone, and suffers no injury whatsoever. If, however, it happen that the eye wanders about, and contemplates the beautiful forms of young men, then do the waves of desire boil up [in the soul], and overcome it, and the winds of passion beat upon it straightway, and it wanders away from chastity, and goes into the gulf (?) of sin, and is swallowed up in the vortex which David himself was engulfed. Moreover, it was he who cried out concerning himself saying, ' I have come into the abysses of the sea, and the storm has drowned me.' [ Ps. lxix. 2. ] So also is it in the case of the hearing. If the ear receives the pleasant sound (or, voice), and the deceitful words of lewdness which accompany it, then does the heart incline to it, and they drag down the heart into destruction. And again, if the taste devotes itself to continual eating and feasting, and to innumerable winebibbings, then it draws the soul downwards, and into darkness and into drunkenness. Yet again in the case of the smell. If the nose be in the habit of taking delight in the things which have sweet smells, that is, in scented unguents, and in aromatic perfumes, and in balsams, it falls at length into a state of numbness, and it binds tightly the soul in that state of numbness along with it. Moreover, if the chaste soul be in [any of] these [conditions], she has made herself to be like unto a virgin who has been delivered over into the hands of her servants, and has slipped down into sin, and has lost the power of holding herself back. For when once the habit of incontinence has entered into the soul, it acts the part of a thief, and it breaks into the treasury of the heart, which it makes into a desert, and it strips it naked, and leaves it unchaste. Now this blessed woman, that is to say, Susanna, kept guard over her eyes, and her hands, and her feet, and her tongue, and her nose, and over the whole system of her senses, and she became in very truth, according to the word of the Wise Man, 'like a garden enclosed, and a fountain which has been sealed.' [ Song iv. 12. ] which no man was able to strip bare, and no man was able to destroy the abiding place of the sweet-smelling flowers of chastity, and to ravage and lay waste that place of beauty wherein was the fountain of discretion. Now there were two elders, who were held in high esteem as men who governed the people, and these men lusted after this woman [Susanna], and though both were being [consumed] by the burning of their lust, they were ashamed to make known to each other concerning the fire which was burning in their hearts. And it came to pass on a certain day that each of them went into a secret place, where they could watch Susanna carefully, and they met each other face to face, and when each had questioned the other, each confessed to the other for what purpose [he had come there]. Then they made an agreement, each with the other, to commit a deed of sin, and to work iniquity together, and they kept watch over her diligently and waited for a time when they should find her alone. And it came to pass that on a certain day Susanna went into her husband's garden, to lie down and rest there, according to her custom during the hottest season [of the day], and she sent away her servants to bring to her the soda and soap [wherewith to wash herself]. And the elders suddenly rushed into the place where she was, even as wolves rush upon a lamb of the sheep, and they laid hold upon her, and then wished to work in her the deed of impurity of their burning lust. Now Susanna was between the two elders, who were far more evilly minded than the lions among- which Daniel found himself. There was neither a servant with her, nor a neighbour, nor any person of her acquaintance, nor any young maiden, and there was no one there to render her help in any way whatsoever, God Himself alone excepted, Who was watching her from heaven. Now God had the power to prevent them from gaining the mastery over her, but He permitted them to engage in the contest, in order that the crafty designs which they had devised in secret might be revealed, for then would be made manifest both the chastity (or, prudence) of Susanna and the incontinence of the elders, and in this way women might find through the fortitude of Susanna a house of instruction in that which was good. And moreover, the contending in which she was engaged was very great, and it increased in violence, and became a mighty fight. Now the matter was far more difficult for Susanna than it was for Joseph, for Joseph was a man, and he was contending against one woman only ; but this woman Susanna had to contend against two men, who were strong in their endeavour [to do evil]. And it is a matter to marvel that she contended against these [men] in a garden - the place wherein the Serpent succeeded in leading Eve astray. Now this spectacle was both great and profitable. It was a great spectacle because elders, who stated that they were nobles among the people, were those who were contending in the strife ; and it was a profitable spectacle also, because the chastity of one weak woman was able to fight successfully against these nobles, even after they had arranged with each other to fight against her together. And now the heavens are open, the trumpets send forth their blasts, the contest is prepared, and the true Master of the contest watches from heaven, and the multitudes the angels gaze out from the heights of heaven on the spectacle. The Serpent works diligently in these sinful elders, but Faith herself is strong to prevail in this chaste woman. And there is great anxiety among them on both sides. The elders are afraid lest a woman vanquish them, whilst Susanna herself is afraid lest she fall from her state of chastity. And the devils make ready their rich banquet for these sinful men, and the angels prepare the honour which they have to bestow on Susanna from heaven. And these lawless men laid hold upon Susanna, and they strove with her first of all in words saying, ' We are elders among the people. We are they to whom the people have entrusted the Law, and the Power to unbind and to bind in every matter whatsoever. There is no one at all in this place to see us. Be persuaded and [lie] with us, for we desire you eagerly. If you will not be persuaded to lie with us, we will bear false witness against you, and declare that there was a young man with you, and that it was on account of him you have sent away your servants.' Observe now how exceedingly difficult were the circumstances in which Susanna, this woman who was all alone, was involved ! There were the disgrace of an act of unchastity, and the penalty of death which she was threatened, and the contemptuous opinion of the people which would make all of them to scoff at her, and the hatred which her husband and her kinsfolk would hate her, and the grief of all her neighbours and of every member of her household ; and, finally, there was the destruction of all her house. But none of these thoughts overcame this chaste woman, for both her hope and her heart were strong in the God of heaven. Then Susanna sighed heavily and said, ' I am surrounded by tribulation on every side. If I do this thing I will suffer death, and if I do not do it I will not be able to escape from your hands; but it is preferable not to do this thing and to fall into your hands rather than to commit sin before God. Woe is me ! The shepherds, whom I have considered to be men who would direct and guide me, I now see are wolves round about me. And those whom I have regarded as a haven wherein the ship of my soul might take refuge, are those who would wreck me, and they are far more dangerous for me than a mighty storm. Think not that I am afraid of you, and that I will be persuaded by you [to do your will], and that I will pollute my chastity. I will not disgrace my parents. I will not cause my noble birth to be held in derision. I will not give my husband occasion to grieve. I will not put an end to my lawful intercourse with my husband for the sake of an improper union with you. I will not hearken to your senseless words, and I choose to die by a violent death rather than accept a polluted couch. Though my husband be not here with me in the body, yet is he here in the desire of my heart, and the faces of my parents are with me at all times. Besides this, have fear in God Who is looking at you. Take shame to yourselves before the angels who are round about us by night and by day. Know yourselves, and know who you are. Know also the Law which you read, for the Law says, " You will not lust to know [the wife of] your neighbour." ' [ Exod. xx. 17; Deut. v. 21. ] And having said these words she cried out, wishing to make witnesses come so that they might testify concerning their lawless behaviour, and the elders also cried out. And behold, the servants of Susanna and her handmaidens rushed into [the garden], and they saw the elders reviling her. And when the elders had uttered their charges [against her], the servants were exceedingly ashamed, for they had never at any time heard words of this kind spoken against Susanna. And it came to pass on the morrow, that a very great multitude of people gathered together, for as yet the struggle [awaited] decision, and [the award of] the crown had not been given by the judge. And all the people were gathered together into [the synagogue], men and women, and young men and maidens. Now the spectacle was very great indeed. Men who were on the earth knew not at all what they were about to see, but those who were in heaven, that is to say [the angels], had knowledge of everything which concerned the matter. And the elders came in, being filled with wickedness, and they called unto Susanna as unto a woman whom they considered to have been already called unto disgrace and death ; but the true Judge considered her to be as a woman who has already been called unto life, and unto the glory which is for ever. And the elders said unto the people, 'Send for Susanna, the daughter of Hilkias'; and sent for her. And Susanna, and her parents, and all her kinsfolk, and her son came, and Susanna herself came as a woman who has been held to be worthy of death for the sake of her chastity which was great. And she heaved bitter sighs, not because she was about to die, but because she was going to leave behind her a bad name to her parents, and all her kinsfolk would become objects of derision unjustly, and because she had not there one who could bear witness concerning the matter which had happened to her in the paradise. And there were very many folk who sighed for her, her parents, and her friends and acquaintances, and her kinsfolk, and the people of her native town ; and her husband wept, and all the members of his house lamented for her. And Susanna, being sorely grieved and afflicted in heart, and suffering bitterly, and weeping, and being in a state of abject abasement, came and took her stand in the midst of the whole assembly. And the whole multitude rose up on their feet to see her, both angels and men. And the two elders rose up in their garb of shepherds, being however wolves, and the Serpent, the Calumniator, was speaking in them, and they laid their hands upon her, and they said, 'Yesterday we were walking in the garden by ourselves, and this woman came in with two servants, and she sent the servants away and closed the door of the garden. Then there came in to her the young man who has disappeared, and he had intercourse with her. When we saw the sinful act (now we were hidden in a corner in the garden), we ran to them, but we were not able to lay hold upon the young man, for he was stronger than we were, and he opened the door and fled. Now we laid hold of this woman, and we questioned her saying, "Who is this young man that was with you? " but she did not wish to tell us. And these things concerning which we bear witness we did actually see.' And the whole synagogue believed them, seeing that they were elders and judges [of the people], and they condemned Susanna to death. And they took her forth to slay her. And there was there no one whatsoever to avenge the truth, God alone excepted, Who, however, allowed these things to take place, in order that through both sides the work of each might be made manifest and fulfil itself; on the one side wickedness, and incontinence, and calumny, and lawlessness, and on the other the perseverance of Susanna even unto death. And up to what point does it appear to you that God remains oblivious of the believing ones? He remains unmindful until He has tried them even as gold [is tried] in the smelting-house, and He searches thoroughly the righteous by means of temptations of various kinds. For this is what He did in the case of Abraham, who took Isaac to offer him up as a burnt offering. He built an altar, and there was no sheep there ; he heaped up wood upon the altar, and there was no ram there. He took the slaughtering-knife in his hand, and he went to Isaac to slay him, when straightway by a word God made him to hold his hand. And moreover, these things have happened in this wise so that each one of us, when temptation comes upon him, and when he draws close unto death, may not despair of the help of God, but may expect it until at length it will come unto him. Now they took Susanna forth to destroy her, and there was no man about her to help her. And having seen that there was no help whatsoever to be had from men, she fled to the Helper, Who is in heaven, the Witness Who is faithful, the Eye Which never sleeps, and she said, 'O God Who are for ever, Who knowest the things which are hidden in the heart, and Who knowest everything that will happen before it takes place, You alone are He Who knows that these [elders] have borne false witness against me. And behold, I am going to die without having committed any of these [offences] concerning which these [elders] have borne false witness against me.' And He Who said, 'Whilst you yet speakest I will speak, and behold I am in this place,' [ Isa. lviii. 9. ] heard her. Now whilst they were taking her forth to destroy her, behold God made the Holy Spirit to move in a certain young man whose name was Daniel, and he cried out with a loud voice saying, 'I am innocent of the blood of this woman.' And the people turned towards him, and spoke unto him saying, ' What is the meaning of this word which you have spoken? ' And he took his stand in the midst of them, and said, 'Be ye not such fools as to act in this manner, O House of Israel ! Get ye back to the hall of judgement, for these [elders] have borne false witness against her'; and all the people went back in haste. And Daniel said unto them, 'Separate [the two elders] from each other, and I will ask them questions.' And he said unto each one of them, ' O you who have lived a long life of evil days, now have come upon you your sins which you have committed from the beginning. Tell me now, Under what kind of tree was it that you didst see [Susanna and the young man] talking together? ' And he said, ' Under a mastick tree.' And Daniel said unto him, ' You have directly lied ; on your own head [be it]. For the Angel of God, with the sword in his hand, has now taken his stand [by you], and he will cleave you in twain. ' And having set this man on one side, he cried out to the other, and he said unto him, ' O seed of Canaan, and not of Judah, the beauty of the body has led you astray, and carnal desire has stupefied your heart. Tell me now, Under what kind of tree was it that you didst see Susanna and the young man talking together? ' And he said, ' Under an evergreen oak.' 2 Then Daniel said unto him, ' You also have lied ; on your own head [be it]. For behold the Angel of the Lord stands [by you] with his sword in his hand, and he will cleave you in twain.' And all the people cried out with a loud voice saying, ' Blessed be the Lord God Who delivers every one that puts his trust in Him' ; and on that day He delivered innocent blood. And there was fulfilled on Susanna that which David spoke saying, 'My soul cleaves to You, and it is your right hand which has received it.' 3 And these [two] elders, who had hunted after the soul of Susanna, ' will descend into the depths of the earth, and will be delivered over to the sword, and they will become portions for foxes,' 4 that is to say, for the devils. Moreover, the King, that is to say Susanna, will rejoice in God. And ' every one who swears by Him will be honoured ', that is to say, every one who believes on Him, ' for the mouth which speaks violence has been stopped, that is to say, these two wicked elders. Then was the grief of the parents of Susanna turned into gladness, and her husband rejoiced and ascribed glory to God, and all her kinsfolk were glad, and all the people of her village and all the members of her household rejoiced greatly. In short, there was gladness before God, and the angels, and men. Seest you the strength of Susanna's soul? Seest you the chastity which was in this weak vessel? The soul which is chaste will endure, and will conquer in deathlessness. It will continue to bear fruit which nourishs and decays not, and it will continue unfailingly in the virtue which is without blemish by the help of God. This woman, moreover, was glorified by men, and was magnified by the angels, and was crowned by God. Imitate therefore this woman Susanna, O ye women, and follow her example, in order that ye yourselves may be held to be worthy of the exceedingly great honour that was paid to her by God in Jesus Christ our Lord, to Whom be glory for ever and forever. Amen. | WIKI |
Responsibly armed Americans, not more failed gun laws, can help prevent another Parkland | TheHill
Just over one year ago, 17 innocent students and staff were brutally murdered at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla. This was a horrific tragedy, as were subsequent massacres in Pittsburgh and Thousand Oaks, Calif., and as a nation we continue to mourn the victims and their families. Unfortunately, as we see all too often in Washington, D.C., much of the attention from anti-gun legislators in Congress has focused on blindly passing more laws, more background checks and more “gun-free zones,” while failing to note that they would have done virtually nothing to prevent these attacks. We see that this week as House Speaker Nancy PelosiNancy PelosiJohnson eyes Irish border in Brexit negotiations Mueller report fades from political conversation Five key players in Trump's trade battles MORE (D-Calif.) pushed legislation that would essentially criminalize private gun sales and add an indefinite extension to the time to complete a NICS instant background check. Once again, anti-Second Amendment politicians in Washington want to punish law-abiding Americans instead of taking concrete steps to stop evildoers. It’s time that we as a society finally have an honest conversation about not only what causes mass shootings, but what our government can and should do to save as many lives as possible. That conversation should start with acknowledging the reality that murderous maniacs know certain locations like schools and places of worship are soft targets where those inside often simply do not have the ability to protect themselves. Instead of restricting American’s Second Amendment rights, our government should be doing everything possible to protect our children and that includes allowing, and supporting, trained, licensed teachers and administrators to arm themselves. In countless situations across this country, responsibly-armed Americans have been the front lines of defense against evildoers because they have the necessary knowledge, training and experience to protect those around them. In an emergency situation, seconds matter and a well-trained, responsible gun owner can save lives in an active-shooter situation. One courageous person who has been vocal in support of this effort sadly knows the horror of the Parkland shooting more than all of us. Andrew Pollock, whose daughter Meadow was killed at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, is now a member of the Florida Board of Education and described himself in an interview with the Palm Beach Post this week as “not pro-gun or anti-gun.” What he does support however is allowing guns at school — in well-trained hands. He correctly observed that the average school shooting takes just four minutes, not nearly enough time for law enforcement to respond and neutralize the attacker. This was a position also endorsed in December by the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Commission which voted 13-1 to recommend the state Legislature allow teachers who volunteer and undergo extensive background checks and training be allowed to carry concealed guns on campus to stop future shootings. The commission said it's not enough to just have one or two police officers or armed guards on campus. Pinellas County Sheriff Bob Gualtieri who led the state commission said he long believed only law enforcement personnel should carry guns at school, but his position "morphed" after studying other shootings and watching security video of the Stoneman Douglas attack. According to the Associated Press, Gualtieri said it "gnaws" at him that gunman Nikolas Cruz stopped firing five times to reload his AR-15 semi-automatic rifle, but no teacher or other school employee could use those pauses to shoot Cruz. He now believes trained, volunteer teachers should have access to guns so they can stop shooters who get past other safeguards. This is a simple, common-sense message that has been embraced by many Americans like Sheriff Gualtieri but unfortunately one that has been hotly contested and debated over the last year with the nationwide conversation on gun violence in America. Many still refuse to acknowledge that study after study has shown responsibly-armed Americans are among the most law-abiding citizens in the country and they have the necessary knowledge, training and experience to protect those around them. We aren’t talking about vigilante justice, but about saving innocent lives from violent criminals in circumstances where every minute can mean the difference between life and death. Currently, teachers in 28 states can carry firearms, according to the Crime Prevention Research Center, and in the aftermath of the Parkland shooting, Florida law was changed to allow school districts to train and arm certain school employees but inexplicably, not teachers themselves. That needs to change. Our government at the local, state and federal levels should be supporting responsibly-armed Americans and not targeting them with more failed, feel-good gun laws that would restrict Second Amendment rights but ultimately do nothing to strengthen public safety. Tim Schmidt is the president and founder of the U.S. Concealed Carry Association and may be contacted at Press@USCCA.com. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Tennis: Pliskova revels in 'top win' over Wozniacki at WTA Finals
SINGAPORE (Reuters) - Karolina Pliskova was delighted to gain a modicum of revenge against Caroline Wozniacki at the WTA Finals on Sunday after the big-serving Czech opened her campaign with a 6-2 6-4 win over an opponent who knocked her out in the semi-finals a year ago. Pliskova has not enjoyed a great record against the defending champion, trailing 6-3 in head-to-head meetings before their latest encounter, but she served brilliantly this time to banish the memory of last year’s loss to the Dane. The pair had not faced each other this season which was unusual, Pliskova told reporters after opening her White Group campaign with a win. “I remember last year we played a lot. So I was just happy that I got this top win against a top player. So it’s always very positive, always gives me extra confidence to beat a player like this,” Pliskova said. “And especially her, you really have to beat because she’s not going to give you anything. “She was missing a lot in the first set, but she played much better in the second and I had to really fight for it. I was just happy that I closed it out in the second.” In their meeting a year ago, Pliskova was broken five times as Wozniacki battled to a 7-6(9) 6-3 triumph, so she was elated to have saved every break point the Dane earned in their rematch on Sunday. “10 of 10, I know. I think that’s the best statistic on my serve on the break points ever,” the 26-year-old said. “I know my serve was quite okay today. The percentage was pretty high. I just tried to hit first serves. The surface here, if you try to mix the speed, it’s working well. So I tried to do that. “I played pretty well on my service games. Not always under control, but she’s a good player so she’s going to put a lot of balls back, make you work for it. I’m pretty happy with the performance.” Wozniacki was obviously disappointed to lose her first round robin match but the Australian Open champion will be looking to recover in her second tie against Petra Kvitova on Tuesday. “I think with someone like Petra, she can play maybe not as well in one match and extremely well in the next. I think you don’t really know what to expect. I just have to be out there and ready for everything,” Wozniacki said. “I have a few things to work on, but there are still some positives to take with me. “The good thing I suppose with this format is you’re not out. You still have a chance. So I’m going to try to use my second life out here and try and get through.” Ukraine’s Elina Svitolina is the other player in the group. Editing by John O'Brien; editing by Clare Lovell | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:History of Manchester (1771), Volume 1, by John Whitaker.djvu/293
*6z THE HISTORY Book I, arms. And the particular appearance of the fame holdings even fo early as the tenth century and in the laws of Howel Dha, holdings not formed by that great legiflator of Wales, but re- ferred by him to prior inftitutes and afcribed by him to the ear- lier Britons, evinces the great and ftriking antiquity of them* Such was the tenure of the lands in Wales, before the Englifh cuftoms abfolutely fuperfeded the native holdings of the coun- try. And the general appearance of the fame tenures equally- among the natives of Wales and the aborigines of Ireland de- monftrably evinces tlltf Avhole curious fyftem of polity to have< been derived from the common parents of both nations, the original and primaeval tribes of the Britons * This then was the nature of our tenures in Britain and in Lanca- shire at the clofe of the firft century. And they appear unde- niably to have been purely military in their defign and abfo- ■ lutely feudal in their eflence. The primary inftitution of feuds is unanimously deduced by our hiftorical and legal antiquarians from the northern invaders of the Roman empire ; and the prima- ry introduction of them into this ifland is almoft as unanimoufly referred to the much more recent epocha of the Norman con- queft. But they certainly exifted among us before, and even formed the primitive eftablifhment of the Britons. By the feu- dal prefcriptions, and by them only, could the lands of the Bri- tifh chiefs have been enjoyed under the king as the fupreme proprietor of all, and poflefled under a baron as the immediate lord of the fee, with the obligation of military fervice to him or with the payment of a fine of commutation for it *** The military fervice is the firft great fignature and the higheft eha- ra&eriftic of the feudal fyftem, and is exprefsly declared in fome of the ea rlieft inftitutes of the Britons to have been the principal fervice of the Britifh fees 40. By the feudal prefcriptions, and by them only, could the lands of the Britifh chiefs and the Britifh villains have been obnoxious to heriots, to reliefs, to homage,. wardfl^ip, marriage-licences, and efcheats. By the feudal pre- fcriptions, and by them only Y could the lord of the -fee have a&cd as the Britifh lords in the earlieft ages afted, have taken the | WIKI |
Connecting to an EC2 in a Private Subnet
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I have created an EC2 in a Private Subnet. And I want to connect to it, to install software. But the EC2 only has a Private IP and no Public IP, so how do I connect to it?
Aug 23 in AWS by Harsha
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1 answer to this question.
0 votes
An EC2 created in the Private Subnet will only have a Private IP and no Public IP, so it won’t be possible to connect to it directly.
Laptop -> EC2 in the Public Subnet -> EC2 in the Private Subnet
Create an EC2 in the Public Subnet and connect to it from the Laptop. From there connect to the EC2 in the Private Subnet. The EC2 in the Public Subnet is called a Jump box or a Bastion box. This is a very widely used industry practice.
answered Aug 23 by Praveen
• 700 points
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User:Shailesh Bhardwaj
Shailesh Bhardwaj born in 23rd jan 1986 at smallest village of samatipur district, Bihar. | WIKI |
subungual hematoma
Subungual hematoma
Subungual hematoma or bleeding under a nail plate, is a purple mark under the nail due to bleeding or bruising. Subungual hematoma results in painful or unnoticed purplish-black discoloration. The discoloration may persist for months as the nail carries the blood with it as it grows out.
Subungual hematoma is usually caused by a traumatic injury as in hitting your thumb with a hammer or stubbing a toe. Subungual hematoma can also occur from wearing tight-fitting shoes which trap blood in the toes leading to an increased pressure within the blood vessels of the toes. In either case, the injury leads to the breakage of small blood vessels underneath the nail which leak blood into a potential space below the nail that causes discoloration of the nail and intense pressure.
Initially the injury may only hurt. The nail may feel sore or tender to the touch. As the blood pools under the nail the pressure from the blood can cause severe pain. The pressure caused by blood underneath the nail may result in the affected nail lifting off the finger or toe. The color under the nail will change over time initially red to purple and later to dark brown and black as the blood clots. The pain usually resolves days after the injury and the nail looks worse than it feels.
There are a few reasons to seek medical attention: if bleeding does not stop, if the pain becomes too intense, or if there is significant injury to the base of the nail. Depending on the manner of injury, issues to be aware of would be; a deep cut or laceration to the skin of the finger or toe underneath the nail that may require stitches as well as taking an x-ray to determine if the bone of the finger or toe involved is broken. If necessary the pressure caused by the hematoma can be resolved by a medical professional using a technique called trephination. This is done by using a sharp instrument to pierce the nail and drain the blood which relieves the pain. Drainage or removing the nail is discouraged from being attempted by the public because this could lead to further complications of infection, additional trauma, slowing of the healing process, or leaving the finger or toe vulnerable.
Over the course of several months a new nail replaces the damaged, discolored nail. There usually is no need for further treatment or follow up.
When to see your doctor
See your doctor if:
• Redness, pain, or swelling increases
• Pus (yellow or white fluid) drains from the wound
• You have a fever
• You have bleeding that does not stop
Subungual hematoma treatment
Usually the treatment is minimal and consists of rest, ice, elevation, and compression of the finger or toe. Over the counter pain medication can be given if needed. Elevation and the use of ice help to reduce the swelling and further pain. Placing ice directly on the affected nail could cause further injury, so wrapping ice in a cloth towel and applying it to the affected area works best. Compression can further reduce the bleeding underneath the nail.
What you can do for subungual hematoma:
• Apply ice for 20 minutes every 2 hours on the first day, then 3 to 4 times a day after that.
• To reduce the throbbing, keep your hand or foot above the level of your heart.
• Take prescription pain relievers as directed. Or you can use ibuprofen or naproxen to reduce pain and swelling. Acetaminophen helps with pain, but not swelling. You can buy these pain medicines without a prescription.
• NOTE: Talk with your doctor before using these medicines if you have heart disease, high blood pressure, kidney disease, or have had stomach ulcers or internal bleeding in the past. DO NOT take more than the amount recommended on the bottle or by your doctor.
Regardless of treatment the hematoma will eventually be resorbed by the body and a new nail will grow out. On average the nail takes 6 to 9 months to grow completely out. Toenails take about 12 months to grow back. A complication to be aware of is damaging the cells that re-grows the nail (the nail matrix). If the nail matrix is damaged the nail will grow incorrectly or may not re-grow a nail. The new nail will probably have grooves or ridges and be somewhat misshapen. This may be permanent.
For more serious nail injuries, you should go to an urgent care center or the emergency room. They will stop the bleeding and clean the wound. Usually, the nail and finger or toe will be numbed with medicine before it is treated.
• For a larger bruise, your doctor will create a small hole in the nail.
• This will allow fluid to drain out and relieve the pressure and pain.
• If the bone is broken or the bruise is very large, the nail may need to be removed and the nail bed repaired.
If you broke a bone in your finger or toe along with the nail injury, it will take about 4 weeks to heal.
Draining subungual hematoma
Small or painless hematomas and hematomas that are already draining need not be trephined. Hematomas confined to the lunula should not be trephined. If you suspect underlying nail-bed injury or fracture of the phalanx, trephining should not be attempted.
Draining is indicated to relieve pain caused by subungual hematomas when the nail edges are unaffected. The decision to perform this procedure is based on the degree of pain, rather than the size of the hematoma. The video reviews the technique and equipment required.
Choose a sterile, disposable, 23-gauge double-bevel 1-inch needle. Note that when choosing the needle, there is a trade-off between bore size and bevel length. Hold the needle between the thumb and third finger and steady the needle on top of the hub with your index finger. Place the needle over the nail and the hematoma, choosing a position by comparing the landmarks with the corresponding contralateral fingernail so as to avoid the lunula. With the thumb and third finger, rotate the needle back and forth. The double bevel acts as a drill, slowly penetrating the nail. No pressure needs to be applied to the needle by the index finger. Just as the needle penetrates the nail, a small bead of blood will appear in the drilled hole, telling the doctor to slow down and complete the last of the drilling maneuver with extra care to avoid the underlying nail bed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Olive
The olive, botanical name Olea europaea, meaning 'European olive', is a species of small tree or shrub in the family Oleaceae, found traditionally in the Mediterranean Basin. When in shrub form, it is known as Olea europaea 'Montra', dwarf olive, or little olive. The species is cultivated in all the countries of the Mediterranean, as well as in Australia, New Zealand, North and South America and South Africa. It is the type species for its genus, Olea. The tree and its fruit give their name to the Oleaceae plant family, which also includes species such as lilac, jasmine, forsythia, and the true ash tree.
The olive's fruit, also called an "olive", is of major agricultural importance in the Mediterranean region as the source of olive oil; it is one of the core ingredients in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines. Thousands of cultivars of the olive tree are known. Olive cultivars may be used primarily for oil, eating, or both. Olives cultivated for consumption are generally referred to as "table olives". About 80% of all harvested olives are turned into oil, while about 20% are used as table olives.
Etymology
The word olive derives from Latin ŏlīva 'olive fruit; olive tree', possibly through Etruscan 𐌀𐌅𐌉𐌄𐌋𐌄 (eleiva) from the archaic Proto-Greek form *ἐλαίϝα (*elaíwa) (Classic Greek ἐλαία elaía 'olive fruit; olive tree'. The word oil originally meant 'olive oil', from ŏlĕum, ἔλαιον (élaion 'olive oil'). The word for 'oil' in multiple other languages also ultimately derives from the name of this tree and its fruit. The oldest attested forms of the Greek words are Mycenaean 𐀁𐀨𐀷, e-ra-wa, and 𐀁𐀨𐀺, e-ra-wo or 𐀁𐁉𐀺, e-rai-wo, written in the Linear B syllabic script.
Description
The olive tree, Olea europaea, is an evergreen tree or shrub native to Mediterranean Europe, Asia, and Africa. It is short and squat and rarely exceeds 8 - 15 m in height. 'Pisciottana', a unique variety comprising 40,000 trees found only in the area around Pisciotta in the Campania region of southern Italy, often exceeds this, with correspondingly large trunk diameters. The silvery green leaves are oblong, measuring 4 – long and 1 – wide. The trunk is typically gnarled and twisted.
The small, white, feathery flowers, with ten-cleft calyx and corolla, two stamens, and bifid stigma, are borne generally on the previous year's wood, in racemes springing from the axils of the leaves.
The fruit is a small drupe 1 – long when ripe, thinner-fleshed and smaller in wild plants than in orchard cultivars. Olives are harvested in the green to purple stage. O. europaea contains a pyrena commonly referred to in American English as a "pit", and in British English as a "stone".
Taxonomy
The six natural subspecies of Olea europaea are distributed over a wide range:
* O. e. subsp. europaea (Mediterranean Basin)
The subspecies europaea is divided into two varieties, the europaea, which was formerly named Olea sativa, with the seedlings called "olivasters", and silvestris, which corresponds to the old wildly growing Mediterranean species O. oleaster, with the seedlings called "oleasters". The sylvestris is characterized by a smaller, shrubby tree that produces smaller fruits and leaves.
* O. e. subsp. cuspidata (from South Africa throughout East Africa, Arabia to Southwest China)
* O. e. subsp. cerasiformis (Madeira); also known as Olea maderensis
* O. e. subsp. guanchica (Canary Islands)
* O. e. subsp. laperrinei (Algeria, Sudan, Niger)
* O. e. subsp. maroccana (Morocco)
The subspecies O. e. cerasiformis is tetraploid, and O. e. maroccana is hexaploid. Wild-growing forms of the olive are sometimes treated as the species Olea oleaster, or "oleaster." The trees referred to as "white" and "black" olives in Southeast Asia are not actually olives but species of Canarium.
Cultivars
Hundreds of cultivars of the olive tree are known. An olive's cultivar has a significant impact on its colour, size, shape, and growth characteristics, as well as the qualities of olive oil. Olive cultivars may be used primarily for oil, eating, or both. Olives cultivated for consumption are generally referred to as "table olives".
Since many olive cultivars are self-sterile or nearly so, they are generally planted in pairs with a single primary cultivar and a secondary cultivar selected for its ability to fertilize the primary one. In recent times, efforts have been directed at producing hybrid cultivars with qualities useful to farmers, such as resistance to disease, quick growth, and larger or more consistent crops.
Mediterranean Basin
Fossil evidence indicates the olive tree had its origins 20–40 million years ago in the Oligocene, in what now corresponds to Italy and the eastern Mediterranean Basin. Around 100,000 years ago, olives were used by humans in Africa, on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, for fuel and most probably for consumption. Wild olive trees, or oleasters, have been collected in the Eastern Mediterranean since ~19,000 BP. The genome of cultivated olives reflects their origin from oleaster populations in the Eastern Mediterranean. The olive plant was first cultivated some 7,000 years ago in Mediterranean regions.
For thousands of years olives were grown primarily for lamp oil, with little regard for culinary flavor. Its origin can be traced to the Levant based on written tablets, olive pits, and wood fragments found in ancient tombs. As far back as 3000 BC, olives were grown commercially in Crete and may have been the source of the wealth of the Minoan civilization.
The ancestry of the cultivated olive is unknown. Fossil olea pollen has been found in Macedonia and other places around the Mediterranean, indicating that this genus is an original element of the Mediterranean flora. Fossilized leaves of olea were found in the palaeosols of the volcanic Greek island of Santorini and dated to about 37,000 BP. Imprints of larvae of olive whitefly Aleurobus olivinus were found on the leaves. The same insect is commonly found today on olive leaves, showing that the plant-animal co-evolutionary relations have not changed since that time. Other leaves found on the same island are dated back to 60,000 BP, making them the oldest known olives from the Mediterranean.
Outside the Mediterranean
Olives are not native to the Americas. Spanish colonists brought the olive to the New World, where its cultivation prospered in present-day Peru, Chile, Uruguay and Argentina. The first seedlings from Spain were planted in Lima by Antonio de Rivera in 1560. Olive tree cultivation quickly spread along the valleys of South America's dry Pacific coast where the climate was similar to the Mediterranean. Spanish missionaries established the tree in the 18th century in California. It was first cultivated at Mission San Diego de Alcalá in 1769 or later around 1795. Orchards were started at other missions, but in 1838, an inspection found only two olive orchards in California. Cultivation for oil gradually became a highly successful commercial venture from the 1860s onward.
In Japan, the first successful planting of olive trees happened in 1908 on Shodo Island, which became the cradle of olive cultivation in Japan.
In 2016, olive oil production started in India, with olive saplings planted in Rajasthan's Thar Desert.
Favoured by climate warming, several small-scale olive production farms have also been established at fairly high latitudes in Europe and North America since the early 21st century.
There were an estimated 865 million olive trees in the world as of 2005, and the vast majority of these were found in Mediterranean countries, with traditionally marginal areas accounting for no more than 25% of olive-planted area and 10% of oil production.
Ancient Greece
Olives are thought to have been domesticated in the third millennium BC at the latest, at which point they, along with grain and grapes, became part of Colin Renfrew's Mediterranean triad of staple crops that fueled the emergence of more complex societies. Olives, and especially (perfumed) olive oil, became a major export product during the Minoan and Mycenaean periods. Dutch archaeologist Jorrit Kelder proposed that the Mycenaeans sent shipments of olive oil, probably alongside live olive branches, to the court of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten as a diplomatic gift. In Egypt, these imported olive branches may have acquired ritual meanings, as they are depicted as offerings on the wall of the Aten temple and were used in wreaths for the burial of Tutankhamun. It is likely that, as well as being used for culinary purposes, olive oil was also used to various other ends, including as a perfume.
The ancient Greeks smeared olive oil on their bodies and hair as a matter of grooming and good health. Olive oil was used to anoint kings and athletes in ancient Greece. It was burnt in the sacred lamps of temples and was the "eternal flame" of the original Olympic games. Victors in these games were crowned with its leaves. In Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus crawls beneath two shoots of olive that grow from a single stock, and in the Iliad, (XVII.53ff) there is a metaphoric description of a lone olive tree in the mountains, by a spring; the Greeks observed that the olive rarely thrives at a distance from the sea, which in Greece invariably means up mountain slopes. Greek myth attributed to the primordial culture-hero Aristaeus the understanding of olive husbandry, along with cheese-making and bee-keeping. Olive was one of the woods used to fashion the most primitive Greek cult figures, called xoana, referring to their wooden material; they were reverently preserved for centuries.
It was purely a matter of local pride that the Athenians claimed that the olive grew first in Athens. In an archaic Athenian foundation myth, Athena won the patronage of Attica from Poseidon with the gift of the olive. According to the fourth-century BC father of botany, Theophrastus, olive trees ordinarily attained an age around 200 years, he mentions that the very olive tree of Athena still grew on the Acropolis; it was still to be seen there in the second century AD; and when Pausanias was shown it c. 170 AD, he reported "Legend also says that when the Persians fired Athens the olive was burnt down, but on the very day it was burnt it grew again to the height of two cubits." Indeed, olive suckers sprout readily from the stump, and the great age of some existing olive trees shows that it was possible that the olive tree of the Acropolis dated to the Bronze Age. The olive was sacred to Athena and appeared on the Athenian coinage. According to another myth, Elaea was an accomplished athlete killed by her fellow athletes who had grown envious of her; but Athena and Gaia turned her into an olive tree as reward.
Theophrastus, in On the Causes of Plants, does not give as systematic and detailed an account of olive husbandry as he does of the vine, but he makes clear (in 1.16.10) that the cultivated olive must be vegetatively propagated; indeed, the pits give rise to thorny, wild-type olives, spread far and wide by birds. Theophrastus reports how the bearing olive can be grafted on the wild olive, for which the Greeks had a separate name, kotinos. In his Enquiry into Plants (2.1.2–4) he states that the olive can be propagated from a piece of the trunk, the root, a twig, or a stake.
Ancient Rome
According to Pliny the Elder a vine, a fig tree and an olive tree grew in the middle of the Roman Forum; the olive was planted to provide shade. (The garden was recreated in the 20th century). The Roman poet Horace mentions it in reference to his own diet, which he describes as very simple: "As for me, olives, endives, and smooth mallows provide sustenance." Lord Monboddo comments on the olive in 1779 as one of the foods preferred by the ancients and as one of the most perfect foods.
Vitruvius describes of the use of charred olive wood in tying together walls and foundations in his De Architectura:
The thickness of the wall should, in my opinion, be such that armed men meeting on top of it may pass one another without interference. In the thickness there should be set a very close succession of ties made of charred olive wood, binding the two faces of the wall together like pins, to give it lasting endurance. For that is a material which neither decay, nor the weather, nor time can harm, but even though buried in the earth or set in the water it keeps sound and useful forever. And so not only city walls but substructures in general and all walls that require a thickness like that of a city wall, will be long in falling to decay if tied in this manner.
Judaism and Christianity
Olives were one of the main elements in ancient Israelite cuisine. Olive oil was used for not only food and cooking, but also lighting, sacrificial offerings, ointment, and anointment for priestly or royal office. The olive tree is one of the first plants mentioned in the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament), and one of the most significant. An olive branch (or leaf, depending on translation) was brought back to Noah by a dove to demonstrate that the flood was over (Book of Genesis 8:11).
The olive is listed in Deuteronomy 8:8 as one of the seven species that are noteworthy products of the Land of Israel. According to the Halakha, the Jewish law mandatory for all Jews, the olive is one of the seven species that require the recitation of me'eyn shalosh after they are consumed. Olive oil is also the most recommended and best possible oil for the lighting of the Shabbat candles.
The Mount of Olives, east of Jerusalem, is mentioned several times in the New Testament. The Allegory of the Olive Tree in St Paul's Epistle to the Romans refers to the scattering and gathering of Israel. It compares the Israelites to a tame olive tree and the Gentiles to a wild olive branch. The olive tree itself, as well as olive oil and olives, play an important role in the Bible.
Islam
The olive tree and olive oil are mentioned seven times in the Quran, and the olive is praised as a precious fruit. Olive tree and olive oil health benefits have been propounded in prophetic medicine. Muhammad is reported to have said: "Take oil of olive and massage with it – it is a blessed tree" (Sunan al-Darimi, 69:103). Olives are substitutes for dates (if not available) during Ramadan fasting, and olive tree leaves are used as incense in some Muslim Mediterranean countries.
Palestine
In Palestine the olive tree and plant carry the symbolic connotations of resilience, health, ancestral ties and community. Researchers have found that the olive tree is tied into the Palestinians' Sutra, A’wana and Sumud. The tree is a means of survival and security, represents their bond to their land, community and animals. Olive trees also serve as a symbol of their identities, which include their physical and emotional aspects and their socio-cultural values. Palestinian people view the olive trees as the first witnesses that Palestine is their homeland.
The harvest season is referred to as "Palestine’s wedding" and is considered a national holiday when schools close for two days so that pupils and teachers can join in the harvest. This holiday allows community members to gather and serves as a ritual that encompasses their values surrounding family, labour, community and aid for other members of the community that do not possess land. This is practised through the tradition of leaving fruit on a tree during the harvest so that those who do not have land and are unable to take part in the harvest can still reap the benefits.
United States
The Great Seal of the United States first used in 1782 depicts an eagle clutching an olive branch in one of its talons, indicating the power of peace.
United Nations
The Flag of the United Nations adopted in 1946 is a world map with two olive branches.
Oldest known trees
* An olive tree in Mouriscas, Abrantes, Portugal, (Oliveira do Mouchão) is one of the oldest known olive trees still alive to this day, with an estimated age of 3,350 years, planted approximately at the beginning of the Atlantic Bronze Age.
* An olive tree in the city of Bar in Montenegro has an estimated age of between 2,014 and 2,480 years.
* An olive tree on the island of Brijuni in Croatia has a radiocarbon dating age of about 1,600 years. It still gives fruit (about 30 kg per year), which is made into olive oil.
* An olive tree in west Athens, named Plato's Olive Tree, is thought to be a remnant of the grove where Plato's Academy was situated, making it an estimated 2,400 years old. The tree consisted of a cavernous trunk from which a few branches were still sprouting in 1975 when a traffic accident caused a bus to uproot it. Following that the trunk was preserved and displayed in the nearby Agricultural University of Athens. In 2013 it was reported that the remaining part of the trunk was uprooted and stolen, allegedly to serve as firewood.
* The age of an olive tree in Crete, the Finix Olive, is claimed to be more than 2,000 years, based on archaeological evidence around the tree.
* The olive tree of Vouves in Crete has an age estimated at between 2,000 and 4,000 years.
* An olive tree called Farga d'Arió in Ulldecona, Catalonia, Spain, has been estimated (with laser-perimetry methods) to date back to 314 AD, which would mean that it was planted when Constantine the Great was Roman emperor.
* Some Italian olive trees are believed to date back to Ancient Rome (8th century BC to 5th century AD), although identifying progenitor trees in ancient sources is difficult. There are other trees about 1,000 years old in the same garden. The 15th-century trees of Olivo della Linza, at Alliste in the Province of Lecce in Apulia on the Italian mainland, were noted by Bishop Ludovico de Pennis during his pastoral visit to the Diocese of Nardò-Gallipoli in 1452.
* The village of Bcheale, Lebanon, claims to have the oldest olive trees in the world (4000 BC for the oldest), but no scientific study supports these claims. Other trees in the towns of Amioun appear to be at least 1,500 years old.
* Several trees in the Garden of Gethsemane (from the Hebrew words gat shemanim or olive press) in Jerusalem are claimed to date back to the time of Jesus. A study conducted by the National Research Council of Italy in 2012 used carbon dating on older parts of the trunks of three trees from Gethsemane and came up with the dates of 1092, 1166 and 1198 AD, while DNA tests show that the trees were originally planted from the same parent plant. According to molecular analysis, the tested trees showed the same allelic profile at all microsatellite loci analyzed, which furthermore may indicate attempt to keep the lineage of an older species intact. However, Bernabei writes, "All the tree trunks are hollow inside so that the central, older wood is missing... In the end, only three from a total of eight olive trees could be successfully dated. The dated ancient olive trees do not, however, allow any hypothesis to be made with regard to the age of the remaining five giant olive trees." Babcox concludes, "The roots of the eight oldest trees are possibly much older. Visiting guides to the garden often state that they are two thousand years old."
* The 2,000-year-old Bidni olive trees on Malta, which have been confirmed through carbon dating, have been protected since 1933 and are listed in UNESCO's Database of National Cultural Heritage Laws. In 2011, after recognising their historical and landscape value, and in recognition of the fact that "only 20 trees remain from 40 at the beginning of the 20th century", Maltese authorities declared the ancient Bidni olive grove at Bidnija as a Tree Protected Area.
Uses
The olive tree, Olea europaea, has been cultivated for olive oil, fine wood, olive leaf, ornamental reasons, and the olive fruit. About 80% of all harvested olives are turned into oil, while about 20% are used as table olives. The olive is one of the "trinity" or "triad" of basic ingredients in Mediterranean cuisine, the other two being wheat for bread, pasta, and couscous; and the grape for wine.
Olive oil
Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained from olives, produced by pressing whole olives and extracting the oil. It is commonly used in cooking, for frying foods or as a salad dressing. It is also used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps, and as a fuel for traditional oil lamps, and has additional uses in some religions. Spain accounts for almost half of global olive oil production; other major producers are Portugal, Italy, Tunisia, Greece and Turkey. Per capita consumption is highest in Greece, followed by Italy and Spain.
The composition of olive oil varies with the cultivar, elevation, time of harvest and extraction process. It consists mainly of oleic acid (up to 83%), with smaller amounts of other fatty acids including linoleic acid (up to 21%) and palmitic acid (up to 20%). Extra virgin olive oil is required to have no more than 0.8% free acidity and fruity flavor characteristics.
Table olives
Table olives are classified by the International Olive Council (IOC) into three groups according to the degree of ripeness achieved before harvesting:
* 1) Green olives are picked when they have obtained full size, while unripe; they are usually shades of green to yellow and contain the bitter phytochemical oleuropein.
* 2) Semi-ripe or turning-colour olives are picked at the beginning of the ripening cycle, when the colour has begun to change from green to multicolour shades of red to brown. Only the skin is coloured, as the flesh of the fruit lacks pigmentation at this stage, unlike that of ripe olives.
* 3) Black olives or ripe olives are picked at full maturity when fully ripe, displaying colours of purple, brown or black. To leach the oleuropein from olives, commercial producers use lye, which neutralizes the bitterness of oleuropein, producing a mild flavour and soft texture characteristic of California black olives sold in cans. Such olives are typically preserved in brine and sterilized under high heat during the canning process.
Fermentation and curing
Raw or fresh olives are naturally very bitter; to make them palatable, olives must be cured and fermented, thereby removing oleuropein, a bitter phenolic compound that can reach levels of 14% of dry matter in young olives. In addition to oleuropein, other phenolic compounds render freshly picked olives unpalatable and must also be removed or lowered in quantity through curing and fermentation. Generally speaking, phenolics reach their peak in young fruit and are converted as the fruit matures. Once ripening occurs, the levels of phenolics sharply decline through their conversion to other organic products, which render some cultivars edible immediately. One example of an edible olive native to the island of Thasos is the throubes black olive, which becomes edible when allowed to ripen in the sun, shrivel, and fall from the tree.
The curing process may take from a few days with lye, to a few months with brine or salt packing. With the exception of California style and salt-cured olives, all methods of curing involve a major fermentation involving bacteria and yeast that is of equal importance to the final table olive product. Traditional cures, using the natural microflora on the fruit to induce fermentation, lead to two important outcomes: the leaching out and breakdown of oleuropein and other unpalatable phenolic compounds, and the generation of favourable metabolites from bacteria and yeast, such as organic acids, probiotics, glycerol, and esters, which affect the sensory properties of the final table olives. Mixed bacterial/yeast olive fermentations may have probiotic qualities. Lactic acid is the most important metabolite, as it lowers the pH, acting as a natural preservative against the growth of unwanted pathogenic species. The result is table olives which can be stored without refrigeration. Fermentations dominated by lactic acid bacteria are, therefore, the most suitable method of curing olives. Yeast-dominated fermentations produce a different suite of metabolites which provide poorer preservation, so they are corrected with an acid such as citric acid in the final processing stage to provide microbial stability.
The many types of preparations for table olives depend on local tastes and traditions. The most important commercial examples are listed below.
Applied to green, semiripe, or ripe olives. Olives are soaked in salt water for 24–48 hours. Then they are slightly crushed with a rock to hasten the fermentation process. The olives are stored for a period of up to a year in a container with salt water, lemon juice, lemon peels, laurel and olive leaves, and rosemary. Some recipes may contain white vinegar or olive oil.
* Lebanese or Phoenician fermentation
Most commonly applied to green olive preparation, around 60% of all the world's table olives are produced with this method. Olives are soaked in lye (dilute NaOH, 2–4%) for 8–10 hours to hydrolyse the oleuropein. They are usually considered "treated" when the lye has penetrated two-thirds of the way into the fruit. They are then washed once or several times in water to remove the caustic solution and transferred to fermenting vessels full of brine at typical concentrations of 8–12% NaCl. The brine is changed on a regular basis to help remove the phenolic compounds.
* Spanish or Sevillian fermentation
Fermentation is carried out by the natural microbiota present on the olives that survive the lye treatment process. Many organisms are involved, usually reflecting the local conditions or terroir of the olives. During a typical fermentation gram-negative enterobacteria flourish in small numbers at first but are rapidly outgrown by lactic acid bacteria species such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus damnosus. These bacteria produce lactic acid to help lower the pH of the brine and therefore stabilize the product against unwanted pathogenic species. A diversity of yeasts then accumulate in sufficient numbers to help complete the fermentation alongside the lactic acid bacteria. Yeasts commonly mentioned include the teleomorphs Pichia anomala, Pichia membranifaciens, Debaryomyces hansenii and Kluyveromyces marxianus.
Once fermented, the olives are placed in fresh brine and acid corrected, to be ready for market.
Applied to green, semiripe and ripe olives, they are almost identical to the Spanish type fermentation process, but the lye treatment process is skipped and the olives are placed directly in fermentation vessels full of brine (8–12% NaCl). The brine is changed on a regular basis to help remove the phenolic compounds. As the caustic treatment is avoided, lactic acid bacteria are only present in similar numbers to yeast and appear to be outdone by the abundant yeasts found on untreated olives. As very little acid is produced by the yeast fermentation, lactic, acetic, or citric acid is often added to the fermentation stage to stabilize the process.
* Sicilian or Greek fermentation
Applied to green, semi-ripe, or ripe olives, they are soaked in lye typically for longer periods than Spanish style (e.g. 10–72 hours) until the solution has penetrated three-quarters of the way into the fruit. They are then washed and immediately brined and acid corrected with citric acid to achieve microbial stability. Fermentation still occurs carried out by acidogenic yeast and bacteria but is more subdued than other methods. The brine is changed on a regular basis to help remove the phenolic compounds, and a series of progressively stronger concentrations of salt are added until the product is fully stabilized and ready to be eaten.
* Picholine or directly brined fermentation
Applied to green, semi-ripe, or ripe olives, these are soaked in water or weak brine and this solution is changed on a daily basis for 10–14 days. The oleuropein is naturally dissolved and leached into the water and removed during a continual soak-wash cycle. Fermentation takes place during the water treatment stage and involves a mixed yeast/bacteria ecosystem. Sometimes, the olives are lightly cracked with a blunt instrument to trigger fermentation and speed up the fermentation process. Once debittered, the olives are brined to concentrations of 8–12% NaCl and acid corrected and are then ready to eat.
* Water-cured fermentation
Applied only to ripe olives, since it is only a light fermentation. They are usually produced in Morocco, Turkey, and other eastern Mediterranean countries. Once picked, the olives are vigorously washed and packed in alternating layers with salt. The high concentration of salt draws the moisture out of olives, dehydrating and shriveling them until they look somewhat analogous to a raisin. Once packed in salt, fermentation is minimal and only initiated by the most halophilic yeast species such as Debaryomyces hansenii. Once cured, they are sold in their natural state without any additives. So-called oil-cured olives are cured in salt, and then soaked in oil.
* Salt-cured fermentation
Applied to green and semi-ripe olives, they are placed in lye and soaked. Upon their removal, they are washed in water injected with compressed air, without fermentation. This process is repeated several times until both oxygen and lye have soaked through to the pit. The repeated, saturated exposure to air oxidises the skin and flesh of the fruit, turning it black in an artificial process that mimics natural ripening. Once fully oxidised or "blackened", they are brined and acid corrected and are then ready for eating.
* California or artificial ripening
Olive wood
Olive wood is very hard and tough and is prized for its durability, colour, high combustion temperature, and interesting grain patterns. Because of the commercial importance of the fruit, slow growth, and relatively small size of the tree, olive wood and its products are relatively expensive. Common uses of olive wood include: kitchen utensils, carved wooden bowls, cutting boards, fine furniture, and decorative items. The yellow or light greenish-brown wood is often finely veined with a darker tint; being very hard and close-grained, it is valued by woodworkers.
Ornamental uses
In modern landscape design olive trees are frequently used as ornamental features for their distinctively gnarled trunks and evergreen silvery-gray foliage.
Cultivation
The earliest evidence for the domestication of olives comes from the Chalcolithic period archaeological site of Teleilat el Ghassul in modern Jordan. Farmers in ancient times believed that olive trees would not grow well if planted more than a certain distance from the sea; Theophrastus gives 300 stadia (55.6 km) as the limit. Modern experience does not always confirm this, and, though showing a preference for the coast, they have long been grown further inland in some areas with suitable climates, particularly in the southwestern Mediterranean (Iberia and northwest Africa) where winters are mild. An article on olive tree cultivation in Spain is brought down in Ibn al-'Awwam's 12th-century agricultural work, Book on Agriculture.
Olives are cultivated in many regions of the world with Mediterranean climates, such as South Africa, Chile, Peru, Pakistan, Australia, Oregon, and California, and in areas with temperate climates such as New Zealand. They are also grown in the Córdoba Province, Argentina, which has a temperate climate with rainy summers and dry winters.
Growth and propagation
Olive trees show a marked preference for calcareous soils, flourishing best on limestone slopes and crags, and coastal climate conditions. They grow in any light soil, even on clay if well drained, but in rich soils, they are predisposed to disease and produce poor quality oil. (This was noted by Pliny the Elder.) Olives like hot weather and sunny positions without any shade, while temperatures below -10 C may injure even a mature tree. They tolerate drought well because of their sturdy and extensive root systems. Olive trees can remain productive for centuries as long as they are pruned correctly and regularly.
Only a handful of olive varieties can be used to cross-pollinate. 'Pendolino' olive trees are partially self-fertile, but pollenizers are needed for a large fruit crop. Other compatible olive tree pollinators include 'Leccino' and 'Maurino'. 'Pendolino' olive trees are used extensively as pollinizers in large olive tree groves.
Olives are propagated by various methods. The preferred ways are cuttings and layers; the tree roots easily in favourable soil and throws up suckers from the stump when cut down. However, yields from trees grown from suckers or seeds are poor; they must be budded or grafted onto other specimens to do well. Branches of various thickness cut into lengths around 1 m planted deeply in manured ground soon vegetate. Shorter pieces are sometimes laid horizontally in shallow trenches and, when covered with a few centimetres of soil, rapidly throw up sucker-like shoots. In Greece, grafting the cultivated tree on the wild tree is a common practice. In Italy, embryonic buds, which form small swellings on the stems, are carefully excised and planted under the soil surface, where they soon form a vigorous shoot.
The olive is also sometimes grown from seed. To facilitate germination, the oily pericarp is first softened by slight rotting, or soaked in hot water or in an alkaline solution.
In situations where extreme cold has damaged or killed the olive tree, the rootstock can survive and produce new shoots which in turn become new trees. In this way, olive trees can regenerate themselves. In Tuscany in 1985, a very severe frost destroyed many productive and aged olive trees and ruined many farmers' livelihoods. However, new shoots appeared in the spring and, once the dead wood was removed, became the basis for new fruit-producing trees.
Olives grow very slowly, and over many years, the trunk can attain a considerable diameter. A. P. de Candolle recorded one exceeding 10 m in girth. The trees rarely exceed 15 m in height and are generally confined to much more limited dimensions by frequent pruning. Olives are very hardy and are resistant to disease and fire. Its root system is robust and capable of regenerating the tree even if the above-ground structure is destroyed.
The crop from old trees is sometimes enormous, but they seldom bear well two years in succession, and in many cases, a large harvest occurs every sixth or seventh season. Where the olive is carefully cultivated, as in Liguria, Languedoc, and Provence, the trees are regularly pruned. The pruning preserves the flower-bearing shoots of the preceding year, while keeping the tree low enough to allow the easy gathering of the fruit. The spaces between the trees are regularly fertilized.
Pests, diseases, and weather
Various pathologies can affect olives. The most serious pest is the olive fruit fly (Dacus oleae or Bactrocera oleae) which lays its eggs in the olive most commonly just before it becomes ripe in the autumn. The region surrounding the puncture rots, becomes brown, and takes a bitter taste, making the olive unfit for eating or for oil. For controlling the pest, the practice has been to spray with insecticides (organophosphates, e.g. dimethoate). Classic organic methods have been applied such as trapping, applying the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, and spraying with kaolin. Such methods are obligatory for organic olives.
A fungus, Cycloconium oleaginum, can infect the trees for several successive seasons, causing great damage to plantations. A species of bacterium, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. oleae, induces tumour growth in the shoots. Certain lepidopterous caterpillars feed on the leaves and flowers. Xylella fastidiosa bacteria, which can also infect citrus fruit and vines, has attacked olive trees in Apulia, southern Italy, causing olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS). The main vector is Philaenus spumarius (meadow spittlebug).
A pest that spreads through olive trees is the black scale bug, a small black scale insect that resembles a small black spot. They attach themselves firmly to olive trees and reduce the quality of the fruit; their main predators are wasps. The curculio beetle eats the edges of leaves, leaving sawtooth damage.
Rabbits eat the bark of olive trees and can do considerable damage, especially to young trees. If the bark is removed around the entire circumference of a tree, it is likely to die. Voles and mice also do damage by eating the roots of olives. At the northern edge of their cultivation zone, for instance in northern Italy, southern France and Switzerland, olive trees suffer occasionally from frost. Gales and long-continued rains during the gathering season also cause damage. In the colder Mediterranean hinterland, olive cultivation is replaced by other fruits, typically the chestnut.
As an invasive species
Since its first domestication, O. europaea has been spreading back to the wild from planted groves. Its original wild populations in southern Europe have been largely swamped by feral plants.
In some other parts of the world where it has been introduced, most notably South Australia, the olive has become a major weed that displaces native vegetation. In South Australia, its seeds are spread by the introduced red fox and by many bird species, including the European starling and the native emu, into woodlands, where they germinate and eventually form a dense canopy that prevents regeneration of native trees. As the climate of South Australia is very dry and bushfire prone, the oil-rich feral olive tree substantially increases the fire hazard of native sclerophyll woodlands.
Harvesting
Olives are harvested in the autumn and winter. More specifically in the Northern Hemisphere, green olives are picked from the end of September to about the middle of November. In the Southern Hemisphere, green olives are picked from the middle of October to the end of November, and black olives are collected worldwide from the middle of November to the end of January or early February. In southern Europe, harvesting is done for several weeks in winter, but the time varies in each country, and with the season and the cultivar. Most olives today are harvested by shaking the boughs or the whole tree. Using olives found lying on the ground can result in poor quality oil, due to damage. Another method involves standing on a ladder and "milking" the olives into a sack tied around the harvester's waist. This method produces high quality oil. A third method uses a device called an oli-net that wraps around the tree trunk and opens to form an umbrella-like catcher from which workers collect the fruit. Another method uses an electric tool, the beater (abbacchiatore in Italian), that has large tongs that spin around quickly, removing fruit from the tree. Olives harvested by this method are used for oil.
Table olive varieties are more difficult to harvest, as workers must take care not to damage the fruit; baskets that hang around the worker's neck are used. In some places in Italy, Croatia, and Greece, olives are harvested by hand because the terrain is too mountainous for machines. As a result, the fruit is not bruised, which leads to a superior finished product. The method also involves sawing off branches, which is healthy for future production.
The amount of oil contained in the fruit differs greatly by cultivar; the pericarp is usually 60–70% oil. Typical yields are 1.5 – of oil per tree per year.
Global production
Olives are one of the most extensively cultivated fruit crops in the world. In 2011, about 9.6 e6ha were planted with olive trees, which is more than twice the amount of land devoted to apples, bananas, or mangoes. Only coconut trees and oil palms command more space. Cultivation area tripled from 2.6 to 7.95 e6ha between 1960 and 1998 and reached a peak of 10 e6ha in 2008. The 10 most-producing countries, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization, are all located in the Mediterranean region and produce 95% of the world's olives. In Italy, cultivation of olive trees is widespread in the south, counting for three quarters of its production. Due to the climate, it is less abundant in the north of Italy, although growth has increased, particularly in the more temperate microclimates of Liguria and the hills around Lake Garda. Approximately 170 million plants distributed over 1 million farms.
Nutrition
One hundred grams of cured green olives provide 146 calories, are a rich source of vitamin E (25% of the Daily Value, DV), and contain a large amount of sodium (104% DV); other nutrients are insignificant. Green olives are 75% water, 15% fat, 4% carbohydrates and 1% protein (table).
Phytochemicals
The polyphenol composition of olive fruits varies during fruit ripening and during processing by fermentation when olives are immersed whole in brine or crushed to produce oil. In raw fruit, total polyphenol contents, as measured by the Folin method, are 117 mg/100 g in black olives and 161 mg/100 g in green olives, compared to 55 and 21 mg/100 g for extra virgin and virgin olive oil, respectively. Olive fruit contains several types of polyphenols, mainly tyrosols, phenolic acids, flavonols and flavones, and for black olives, anthocyanins. The main bitter flavor of olives before curing results from oleuropein and its aglycone which total in content, respectively, 72 and 82 mg/100 g in black olives, and 56 and 59 mg/100 g in green olives.
During the crushing, kneading and extraction of olive fruit to obtain olive oil, oleuropein, demethyloleuropein and ligstroside are hydrolyzed by endogenous beta-glucosidases to form aldehydes, dialdehydes, and aldehydic aglycones. Polyphenol content also varies with olive cultivar and the manner of presentation, with plain olives having higher contents than those that are pitted or stuffed.
Allergenic potential
Olive tree pollen is extremely allergenic, with an OPALS allergy scale rating of 10 out of 10. Olea europaea is primarily wind-pollinated and its light, buoyant pollen is a strong trigger for asthma. One popular variety, "Swan Hill", is widely sold as an "allergy-free" olive tree; however, this variety does bloom and produce allergenic pollen. | WIKI |
User:Crtew/Salvador Adame Pardo
Salvador Adame Pardo (ca. 1972 – June 14, 2017), a Mexican television journalist, director, and co-owner of Channel 6 TV in Michoacán, Mexico, he was kidnapped and found dead in the same state. Salvador Adame was abducted on May 18, 2017 in Nueva Italia, Mexico by armed men. On June 14, 2017, authorities found the burnt remains of Salvador Adame in the small town of Gabriel Zamora in Mexico. It is believed that Adame's abduction and murder may had been due to his strict criticism on the government officials, and his reports about crime and corruption within his area. Michoacán Mexico is located in the middle of the Mexican drug war. Salvador Adame's abduction and murder may have been connected to the Mexican drug war.
Personal
Salvador Adame Pardo was born around 1972 in Michoacán, Mexico, and lived there for most of his adult life. He was married to Frida Urtiz, and the couple did not have any children.
Career
Salvador Adame had worked as a journalist for over two decades. During his career, Adame had received a great amount of respect from the women of Michoacán after his reporting of a Special Operation Grou that had beaten his wife and eleven other women. Adame was broadcast television journalist for Channel 6 TV in Mugica Michoacán Mexico. He was the co-owner along with his wife and he served as the director, of Channel 6 TV. He was known for his criticism on the local mayor and municipal officials and reported on local news, politics, and corruption.
Death
Michoacán Mexico, Latitude: N 19° 9' 12.7226, Longitude: W 101° 17' 8.3495", Nueva Italia, Latitude:N 19° 1' 21.0349"
Longitude:W 102° 5' 20.005
Before Salvador Adame was abducted, on April 12, 2016, he and his wife Frida Urtiz and eleven other women were briefly detained by the Special Operations Group while they were covering a sit-in at the Mugica municipal building by women protesting changes in a local social program. The Special Operations Group is a military elite force. When detained, Salvador Adame later reported that his wife and the other eleven women were psychically beaten by the Special Operations Group. It is believed that the orders for him and his wife to be detained had come from government officials. According to local media, Salvador Adame had received death threats via cell phone calls. Then on May 18, 2017 in Nueva Italia, at 7:00 pm, Adame was abducted by a group of armed men. They forced Adame into a new model black SUV. Witnesses claim that Adame had been held in a water purifying plant located in Avenida Lazaro Cardenas before being taken to Nuevo Corondire Village. Fifteen hours after his abduction, government officials still did not make any effort into searching for him. According to family members, the Michoacán's Anti-kidnapping Prosecutors office had requested that they wait up to sixty-two hours before filing a missing person complaint. The local community called for the government to take action and investigate the abduction of Salvador Adame. Seven days after Salvador Adame's abduction, the government started to investigate. On June 14, 2017, the burnt remains of Salvador Adame had been discovered in the town of Gabriel Zamora. There is still questioning as to why Pardo was targeted, but many believe that due to the fact that he had been reporting about criminal actions taking place on the local news may had made him become a target of the drug cartel. The Mexican drug war has made Mexico one of the most dangerous places to live. Mexican Journalist are constantly targeted by the cartel, and Salvador Adame was one of them.
Context
Salvador Adame's murder can be in connection to the Mexican Drug War, and the local drug cartels that are located in the state of Michoacán Mexico. Nueva Italia, where Adame was kidnapped from, is where rival drug cartels including La Nueva Familia Michoacana, Los Viagras, Jalisco Nueva Generacion Cartel, and Los Caballeros Templarios are all located. Each of these cartels are highly dangerous and are known for their violent acts. The Mexican Drug War has been a bloody drug trafficking war amongst rival drug cartels spread all over the country of Mexico for over a decade. Due to this dangerous Drug War, Mexico has become the most dangerous country in the world as of 2017. There were 2,186 murder probes in May of 2017, the highest for any month going back to 1997, according to government statistics. Journalist, politicians, and students have all become targets for these dangerous drug cartels. Government officials have made countless attempts as to trying to put an end to this drug trafficking war, but have failed at all the attempts. The United States has also made some efforts in order to help Mexico get a hold on their drug trafficking issues. These drug cartels all over Mexico will do anything to anyone who gets in their way.
Impact
It can only be assumed that Salvador Adame's kidnapping and murder can be connected to the Mexican Drug War in Mexico due to where Adame was kidnapped, and the dangerous drug cartels who were located in that area. Also, due to Adame's reports on local crime and corruption within his community put a large target on his back for the drug cartels in his area. However, Salvador Adame was not the only journalist to lose their life at the hands of the drug cartels and the Mexican drug war in Mexico. Salvador Adame was the seventeenth journalist murdered in Mexico in 2017. Many Mexican journalist such as Javier Valdez, who was killed in Sinaloa, and Jonathan Rodríguez, who was fatally shot in Jalisco, these murders happened the same week of Salvador Adame's kidnapping. Both murders were in connection to the Mexican drug war.
Reactions
The local community called for the government to take action and investigate the abduction of Salvador Adame Pardo.
The Director-General of UNESCO, Irina Bokova, urged the authorities to investigate the assassination of Salvador Adame Pardo, broadcaster and executive director of Channel 6 Media TV in the state of Michoacán, in Mexico.
Attorney General Jose Martin Godoy confirms the discovery of the burnt remains and the death of Salvador Adame and says, "We are not going to close any line of investigation, as further investigations will be reported to clarify the investigation,".
The Family of Salvador Adame demands for new DNA testing to confirm the burnt remains found in the town of Gabriel Zamora.
After the finding of the corpse of journalist Salvador Adame, CNDH demands to clarify the crime. | WIKI |
Imaging the molecular interstellar medium in a gravitationally lensed star-forming galaxy at z=5.7
Apostolovski Y.; Aravena M.; Anguita T.; Spilker J.; Weiß A.; Béthermin M.; Chapman S.C.; Chen C.-C.; Cunningham D.; De Breuck C.; Dong C.; Hayward C.C.; Hezaveh Y.; Jarugula S.; Litke, K.; et. al.
Abstract
Aims. We present and study spatially resolved imaging obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) of multiple (CO)-C-12(J = 6-5, 8-7, and 9-8) and two H2O(2(02)-1(11) and 2(11)-2(02)) emission lines and cold dust continuum toward the gravitationally lensed dusty star-forming galaxy SPT 0346-52 at z = 5.656. Methods. Using a visibility-domain source-plane reconstruction we probe the structure and dynamics of the different components of the interstellar medium (ISM) in this galaxy down to scales of 1 kpc in the source plane. Results. Measurements of the intrinsic sizes of the different CO emission lines indicate that the higher J transitions trace more compact regions in the galaxy. Similarly, we find smaller dust continuum intrinsic sizes with decreasing wavelength, based on observations at rest frame 130, 300, and 450 mu m. The source shows significant velocity structure, and clear asymmetry where an elongated structure is observed in the source plane with significant variations in their reconstructed sizes. This could be attributed to a compact merger or turbulent disk rotation. The differences in velocity structure through the different line tracers, however, hint at the former scenario in agreement with previous [CII] line imaging results. Measurements of the CO line ratios and magnifications yield significant variations as a function of velocity, suggesting that modeling of the ISM using integrated values could be misinterpreted. Modeling of the ISM in SPT 0346-52 based on delensed fluxes indicates a highly dense and warm medium, qualitatively similar to that observed in high-redshift quasar hosts.
Más información
Título según WOS: Imaging the molecular interstellar medium in a gravitationally lensed star-forming galaxy at z=5.7
Título según SCOPUS: Imaging the molecular interstellar medium in a gravitationally lensed star-forming galaxy at z = 5.7
Título de la Revista: ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Volumen: 628
Editorial: EDP Sciences
Fecha de publicación: 2019
Idioma: English
DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201935308
Notas: ISI, SCOPUS | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Bank Indonesia's deputy governor says there's room for more rate cuts
Indonesia could follow last week's interest rate cut with additional monetary stimulus, the deputy governor of the central bank said Tuesday. Speaking exclusively to CNBC's Bernard Lo at the Asian Financial Forum in Hong Kong, Hendar, who is the deputy-governor at Indonesia's central bank, said, "We see a room for cutting [existing] policy rates but of course we have to consider the impact on macroeconomic stability, as well as financial stability." Hendar emphasized the need for Indonesia to maintain a strong macroeconomic position given the volatility in global financial markets and headwinds to growth from a slowdown in China and weaker commodity prices. "Because investors are looking for higher returns [on their] investment," he said. "The emerging economy [that] can offer a [stronger] macroeconomic fundamental and stability will attract foreign investments." He added that any decision to cut rates further will be motivated by a desire to accelerate economic growth and maintain stability in financial markets, while keeping an eye on developments in the global economy, particularly in China. "China is very important for us because [the Chinese economy] is one of the leading partners in trade, as well as investment, for Indonesia," he said. The world's second largest economy is in the middle of an economic re-balancing which has pushed its growth rate below the 7 percent threshold. Recent data from Beijing showed the Chinese economy grew by 6.9 percent in 2015, down from 7.3 percent the year prior. Analysts expect economic growth in Indonesia to be sluggish in 2016. Deutsche Bank forecasts 2016 real GDP growth to be unchanged from 2015's predicted full year rate of 4.7 percent, though the bank added Indonesia's performance will be superior compared to its emerging market peers. Hendar concluded that good coordination between Indonesia's fiscal and monetary policy was needed to address global headwinds, particularly those posed by China, "in a very timely [manner, to] keep our economy robust and resilient." — Follow CNBC International on and Facebook. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Fitchburg Cutoff
The Fitchburg Cutoff (also called the Freight Cutoff) was a rail line running 2.8 miles from Brighton Street (Hills Crossing station) in Belmont, Massachusetts, to Somerville Junction in Somerville, Massachusetts. It was constructed in two segments in 1870 and 1881 to connect the Lexington Branch and Central Massachusetts Railroad to the Boston and Lowell Railroad. Passenger service lasted until 1927. Freight service ended in 1979–80 to allow construction of the Red Line Northwest Extension; the line was abandoned in three sections in 1979, 1983, and 2007.
All of the right-of-way, except a short section near Alewife station, has been reused for three connecting rail trails: the Fitchburg Cutoff Path from Brighton Street to Alewife station, the Alewife Linear Park from Alewife to Massachusetts Avenue, and the Somerville Community Path east of Massachusetts Avenue. The paths are part of the Mass Central Rail Trail.
Route
The line was 2.8 miles long, running approximately east–west. The west end connected to the Central Massachusetts Branch at Hill Crossing station at Brighton Street in Belmont, parallel to the Fitchburg Division main line (now the MBTA Fitchburg Line). It crossed the Lexington Branch (after 1927) at grade in West Cambridge and crossed under Alewife Brook Parkway, with the pre-1927 connection to the Lexington Branch near Jackson Street. The line crossed Massachusetts Avenue and other streets at grade, then continued into Somerville, where it ran at grade through Davis Square with crossings of Holland Street and College Avenue. It crossed additional streets at grade, then passed under Lowell Street and joined the Southern Division (now the Lowell Line) at Somerville Junction. After 1887, passenger stations on the line were North Cambridge (also called North Cambridge Junction and North Avenue) at Massachusetts Avenue, West Somerville (Elm Street) at Davis Square, and Somerville Highlands at Highland Road.
Passenger service
The B&L acquired control of the Lexington and Arlington Railroad (Lexington Branch) in 1869, and purchased it in 1870, to prevent it from building to Lowell and thus becoming a competitor to the B&L. In 1870, the B&L built a cutoff from Lexington to Somerville Junction to connect the newly acquired branch to its mainline. (Early plans called for the cutoff to connect to the B&L further north at Willow Bridge station. ) Service began on December 1, 1870. In January 1876, William Robinson installed one of the first test applications of his track circuit signaling system on the line between Elm Street and North Avenue. On June 14, 1876, Pedro II of Brazil, who was touring the United States, travelled to Elm Street station to view the system.
The western section was built in 1881 by the Central Massachusetts Railroad (which paralleled the Fitchburg Railroad west of Brighton Street) to connect to the B&L for access to Boston. It connected to the existing Lexington Branch cutoff near Jackson Street, west of North Cambridge station, and had no stations between Hills Crossing and North Cambridge. Service began on October 1, 1881. The B&L, which controlled the Central Massachusetts, was acquired by the Boston and Maine Railroad (B&M) in 1887. The B&L became the Southern Division mainline, while the Central Massachusetts became a branchline. The original Willow Avenue and Somerville Highlands stations were replaced by a new Somerville Highlands station at Highland Road around 1887. In 1900, the B&M acquired the Fitchburg Railroad as its Fitchburg Division.
The city of Somerville proposed to eliminate the five grade crossings on the cutoff within its borders, including the pair of College Avenue and Holland Street at Davis Square, in the early 1900s. Most grade crossings on the Fitchburg Division mainline were eliminated over the next decade, but those on the cutoff were not. On January 31, 1915, the West Somerville station building was moved west of Holland Street at the request of the mayor to improve conditions in Davis Square.
In 1926–27, the B&M built two new sections of track in North Cambridge; these allowed the Lexington Branch and the Central Massachusetts Branch to use the Fitchburg mainline east of Alewife Brook Parkway. On April 24, 1927, passenger service from the two branches was rerouted over these new sections and the Fitchburg mainline; North Cambridge, West Somerville, and Somerville Highlands stations were closed. Although residents were opposed to the closures, the B&M wished to avoid the grade crossings on the line, which had seen 70 crashes in the previous six years. The old line from Brighton Street to Somerville Junction became the freight-only Freight Cutoff (Fitchburg Cutoff); it was rebuilt with heavier rails to handle heavy freights headed to and from the new Somerville freight yard. In late 1927, an additional main track was built on the Southern Division from Somerville Junction to the yard to reduce the incidence of stopped freight trains blocking crossings on the cutoff.
Rapid transit conversion
In the 1920s, the cutoff was considered the most likely route for rapid transit service to Somerville and North Cambridge. (Extension of the Cambridge–Dorchester Line – now the Red Line – north from Harvard station was not considered likely. ) The Report on Improved Transportation Facilities, published by the Boston Division of Metropolitan Planning in 1926, proposed extension from Lechmere to North Cambridge via the Southern Division and the 1870-built cutoff. Among the potential further extensions in the report was extension of the North Cambridge line to Bedford via the Lexington Branch.
In 1935, the city requested that the line be grade-separated as part of a Works Progress Administration-funded grade crossing elimination program. A proposal that year by a citizen's group called for a rapid transit extension to North Cambridge. A new highway was to run from the Northern Artery over the tracks at street level, then adjacent to the tracks on the lowered cutoff to connect to the existing Mohawk Trail expressway at Alewife Brook Parkway. Neither project was built, and the grade crossings were not eliminated; crashes and stalled freight trains continued to be a problem. Even decades after regular passenger service ended on the line, it was occasionally used as a detour route when the Fitchburg Route mainline was blocked in Somerville.
Various proposals in the 1930s called for rapid transit use of the cutoff; some called for it to be connected to the East Boston Tunnel (now the Blue Line) rather than the Tremont Street subway (now the Green Line). The 1945 and 1947 reports by the state Coolidge Commission called for extensions from Lechmere to Woburn over the Southern Division, and Harvard to Arlington over the Lexington Branch; the cutoff was not proposed as a route. The 1962 North Terminal Area Study called for the Main Line (now the Orange Line) to be relocated along the B&M Western Route. It was to have a branch via the Southern Division to Woburn or Arlington (the latter also using the cutoff). The 1966 Program for Mass Transportation, and subsequent reports by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA), largely followed the routes laid out by the Coolidge Commission. Green Line service would be extended from Lechmere over the Southern Division, and Red Line service from Harvard (with various routings proposed to reach the Lexington Branch); the cutoff was not proposed for conversion. The B&M replaced the Somerville yard with smaller yards elsewhere in the system in the 1970s, ending regular use of the cutoff by "as many as two-dozen mile-long freight trains daily". The route chosen for the Red Line Northwest Extension in the mid-1970s included a station at Davis Square, with the rapid transit tunnel running under a segment of the cutoff from Davis Square to east of Alewife station. In April 1980, the west half of the cutoff was abandoned to allow for construction of the extension. The eastern portion was used to haul dirt removed from the tunnel for reuse around the region; it was abandoned in 1983 except for a short section serving an industrial customer at Somervile Junction. That segment was abandoned in 2007.
Path conversion
As part of the Red Line extension, the 1.3 mile Alewife Linear Park rail trail was constructed from Alewife to Davis, opening in 1985. Except for a short section near Alewife station, it follows the former railroad route. The Somerville Community Path opened 0.6 mile from Davis Square to Cedar Street in 1992, with the 0.4 mile Massachusetts Avenue–Davis Square segment of the Alewife Linear Park becoming part of the Community Path. The Minuteman Bikeway opened in 1993, connecting to the existing trail at Alewife station. The crossing of Massachusetts Avenue, which originally zig-zagged using existing crosswalks, was signalized as a direct crossing in 2011. A 0.3 mile extension of the Community Path to Lowell Street opened in 2015; it was further extended along the Lowell Line in 2023, known as the Somerville Community Path Extension, as part of the Green Line Extension project.
The 0.8 mile segment west of Alewife station through the Alewife Brook Reservation was used as an unpaved trail; a stone dust surface was added in the 1990s. Construction of the paved Fitchburg Cutoff Path took place from September 2010 to August 2013, with a new bridge built over a stormwater management wetland at Alewife. The planned Belmont Community Path will extend west through Belmont parallel to the Fitchburg Line, connecting with existing sections of the Mass Central Rail Trail.
In 1985–86, an access road was constructed from the Alewife station garage to the Route 2/Alewife Brook Parkway intersection, following the cutoff alignment for about 750 feet. The Alewife Linear Park runs as a sidewalk along the access road for most of that length. | WIKI |
Talk:Monothematic delusion
Untitled
This is extremely funny. I have personally experienced all of these delusions at least once in my life, except Somatoparaphrenia.
God delusion
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:50, 4 December 2009 (UTC) Can anyone tell me why the following doesn't fit?
"God delusion: The belief that a supernatural entity created the Universe and looks after the believer."
* Because the clinical definition of delusion precludes beliefs that are commonly accepted by other members of the person's culture or subculture. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:26, 21 October 2010 (UTC)
monosymptomatic hypochonriacal psychosis
I want to wikilink the above term. This is the context: Olfactory reference syndrome. Is this the correct place to link to? Lesion ( talk ) 17:45, 9 January 2014 (UTC)
* i see that you DID link to this page from the ORS page. (with no discussion provided here, i would have done the same, btw.) but i find this question/issue extremely interesting, and it brings up a few questions (for me, at least). i would put this on your Talk page, as this Talk page is not for this type of discussion, but that's not a possibility. so i'll leave it here, and hope i don't step on too many toes by doing so.
* first, the inclusion of "hypochondriacal." i'm not sure that monothematic delusions (at least the ones used as examples here) are hypochondriacal. i question whether OSR is, as well. the delusion of OSR is that of offensive body disorders, right? to be hypochondriacal, it would also have to have the delusion that the delusional body odors are caused by an, as yet, undiagnosed serious illness. wouldn't it? and that, in itself, would take it out of the "monothematic" delusion category. so, a related question is:
* do those with OSR uniformly believe the odors are caused by an undiagnosed serious illness? (or enough that it would 'count' [medically/statistcally/whatever] as a uniform characteristic of the syndrome.)
* the other big question involves the definition of "delusional disorder." here on WP, it says that "auditory and visual hallucinations cannot be prominent, though olfactory or tactile hallucinations related to the content of the delusion may be present." that right there seems to say that many of the examples presented as "monothematic delusions" cannot be classified as "delusional disorders" (because of the prominence of visual hallucinations). although, again, this brings up a related question:
* does, say, a capgras or fregoli delusion involve a visual hallucination?? (i can't say these conditions have "delusional perceptions." rather...okay, i guess if i get to this, then i negate my assumption that they have visual hallucinations at all--that the images being 'seen/sensed' are real and true, but the interpretation of the input is faulty.
* so, right there is a difference between the examples of monothematic delusions presented here, and OSR--OSR requires a faulty input. or is that backwards? is it a faulty belief, FIRST, that causes an olfactory hallucination?? and yet, not all people with OSR have olfactory hallucinations.
* see how this gets confusing? at least, I'M confused.
* i find this all fascinating, and i'm also trying to figure out where a disorder like OCD would/does fit in all of this.Colbey84 (talk) 06:38, 2 February 2016 (UTC)
Organic Dysfunction
"organic dysfunction" is linked to the WP article "Disease." perhaps this was, at one point, "Organic Disease," but has since been redirected to the "Disease" page. my point being, that when i click on "organic dysfunction" here to see what, exactly, the meaning is for this particular topic/article, there is nothing relevant to be found. rather, it goes directly to the "Disorder" section of the "Disease" page, and that section includes all types of disorders, and not just those that might be considered "organic."Colbey84 (talk) 06:43, 2 February 2016 (UTC)
External links modified
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Medvezhyi Islands
The Medvezhyi Islands, or Bear Islands (Медве́жьи острова́; Эhэлээх арыылар, Eheleex Arıılar) is an uninhabited group of islands at the western end of the Kolyma Gulf of the East Siberian Sea.
History
The first recorded European to report the existence of the Medvezhyi Islands was Russian explorer Yakov Permyakov in 1710. While sailing from the Lena to the Kolyma River, Permyakov observed the silhouette of the unknown island group in the then little explored East Siberian Sea.
In 1820-1824, during Ferdinand Wrangel's Arctic expedition to the East Siberian Sea and the Chukchi Sea, Arctic explorer Fyodor Matyushkin surveyed and mapped Chetyryokhstolbovoy Island in the Medvezhyi group.
On September 3, 1878, Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld recorded that he sailed close to the island group in the steamship Vega. This report was made during the famous expedition that made the whole length of the Northeast passage for the first time in history.
The group was also explored during the Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition of 1910–1915.
Geography
The Medvezhyi Islands are located about 100 km north of the mouths of the Kolyma River. They are part of the East Siberian Lowland. The coast of Siberia is about 35 km southwest of Krestovsky, the largest island, which is about 15 km in length.
The sea surrounding the Medvezhyi Islands is covered with fast ice in the winter and the climate is severe. The surrounding sea is obstructed by pack ice even in the summer months. There is commercial fishing in the area of the islands during the summer.
This island group is a part of the territory of the Sakha Republic of Russia. As their name indicates, these islands are a refuge and breeding ground for polar bears.
Islands
There are six islands in the group: Krestovsky, Leontyev, Pushkarev, Lysova, Andreev and Chetyryokhstolbovoy, where there is a polar station which was inaugurated in 1933. The islands are formed of stacked granite, clay and shale. They are mostly covered with tundra vegetation. | WIKI |
Domestic Journal
Title문석수, 최재준, 배충식, “경사노즐 선회분사기의 가솔린 미립화 및 분무 내부 압력 분포”, 대한기계학회 논문집, vol. 31, No. 3, pp283-291, 2007. 3.
문석수, 최재준, 배충식, “경사노즐 선회분사기의 가솔린 미립화 및 분무 내부 압력 분포”, 대한기계학회 논문집, vol. 31, No. 3, pp283-291, 2007. 3.
Abstract
The static pressure distribution, atomization characteristics and velocity distribution of tapered nozzle swirl spray is analyzed and then compared with original swirl spray. The static pressure distribution inside the swirl spray is measured using a piezoresistive pressure transducer. Phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) is applied to measure and analyze the droplet size and velocity distribution of tapered nozzle and original swirl spray. The static pressure inside the spray shows the lower value compared to the atmospheric pressure and this pressure drop is getting attenuated as the taper angle is increased. The droplet size of tapered nozzle spray shows similar value compared to the original swirl spray at the horizontal mainstream while it shows increased value at vertical mainstream. The deteriorated atomization characteristics of tapered nozzle spray is improved by applying high fuel temperature injection without causing the spray collapse. The velocity results show that the larger portion of fuel is positioned with higher injection velocity, and the smaller portion of fuel is positioned with lower injection velocity with causing spatially non-uniform mixture distribution.
What's on Your Mind ? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Petersen family
In graph theory, the Petersen family is a set of seven undirected graphs that includes the Petersen graph and the complete graph $K6$. The Petersen family is named after Danish mathematician Julius Petersen, the namesake of the Petersen graph.
Any of the graphs in the Petersen family can be transformed into any other graph in the family by YΔ- and ΔY-transformations, operations in which a triangle is replaced by a degree-three vertex or vice versa. These seven graphs form the forbidden minors for linklessly embeddable graphs, graphs that can be embedded into three-dimensional space in such a way that no two cycles in the graph are linked. They are also among the forbidden minors for the YΔY-reducible graphs.
Definition
The form of YΔ- and ΔY-transformations used to define the Petersen family is as follows: These transformations are so called because of the Δ shape of a triangle in a graph and the Y shape of a degree-three vertex. Although these operations can in principle lead to multigraphs, that does not happen within the Petersen family. Because these operations preserve the number of edges in a graph, there are only finitely many graphs or multigraphs that can be formed from a single starting graph $G$ by combinations of ΔY- and YΔ-transforms.
* If a graph $v$ contains a vertex $G$ with exactly three neighbors, then the YΔ-transform of $v$ at $v$ is the graph formed by removing $G$ from $H$ and adding edges between each pair of its three neighbors.
* If a graph $uvw$ contains a triangle $H$, then the ΔY-transform of $uvw$ at $uv$ is the graph formed by removing edges $vw$, $uw$, and $H$ from $u$ and adding a new vertex connected to all three of $v$, $w$, and $G$.
The Petersen family then consists of every graph that can be reached from the Petersen graph by a combination of ΔY- and YΔ-transforms. There are seven graphs in the family, including the complete graph $K3,3,1$ on six vertices, the eight-vertex graph formed by removing a single edge from the complete bipartite graph $K6$, and the seven-vertex complete tripartite graph $K6$.
Forbidden minors
A minor of a graph G is another graph formed from G by contracting and removing edges. As the Robertson–Seymour theorem shows, many important families of graphs can be characterized by a finite set of forbidden minors: for instance, according to Wagner's theorem, the planar graphs are exactly the graphs that have neither the complete graph K5 nor the complete bipartite graph K3,3 as minors.
Neil Robertson, Paul Seymour, and Robin Thomas used the Petersen family as part of a similar characterization of linkless embeddings of graphs, embeddings of a given graph into Euclidean space in such a way that every cycle in the graph is the boundary of a disk that is not crossed by any other part of the graph. Horst Sachs had previously studied such embeddings, shown that the seven graphs of the Petersen family do not have such embeddings, and posed the question of characterizing the linklessly embeddable graphs by forbidden subgraphs. Robertson et al. solved Sachs' question by showing that the linkless embeddable graphs are exactly the graphs that do not have a member of the Petersen family as a minor.
The Petersen family also form some of the forbidden minors for another family of graphs, the YΔY-reducible graphs. A connected graph is YΔY-reducible if it can be reduced to a single vertex by a sequence of steps, each of which is a ΔY- or YΔ-transform, the removal of a self-loop or multiple adjacency, the removal of a vertex with one neighbor, and the replacement of a vertex of degree two and its two neighboring edges by a single edge. For instance, the complete graph K4 can be reduced to a single vertex by a YΔ-transform that turns it into a triangle with doubled edges, removal of the three doubled edges, a ΔY-transform that turns it into the claw K1,3, and removal of the three degree-one vertices of the claw. Each of the Petersen family graphs forms a minimal forbidden minor for the family of YΔY-reducible graphs. However, Neil Robertson provided an example of an apex graph (a linkless embeddable graph formed by adding one vertex to a planar graph) that is not YΔY-reducible, showing that the YΔY-reducible graphs form a proper subclass of the linkless embeddable graphs and have additional forbidden minors. In fact, as Yaming Yu showed, there are at least 68,897,913,652 forbidden minors for the YΔY-reducible graphs beyond the seven of the Petersen family. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 26.djvu/427
FIFTY-FIRST CONGRESS. Sess. I. Ch. 837. 1890. 373 hitherto made and confirmed upon the condemnation of a site for the erection of a post-office, court-house, and custom-house in the city of Milwaukee, in the State of Wisconsin, pursuant to chapter ninety- one of the laws of the United States, approved January twenty-first, V¤¤·%· ¤· 652- eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, so much of the sum appropriated by said chapter for the purchase of a site as shall be necessary to ay ° a l of said awards, ulpon proof that all the awards, other than that Proof er memes in favor of Esther. B. Crampton, are acquiesced in and remain °°{§‘§€;,§,t°;;_B_C,,m,, unappealed from, and upon the presentation to and acceptance b *0*1 ¤¤¤=P¤>d· him of a bond, in such amount, and with such sureties, and in such {Bow? and <>¤¤<1i¢i<>¤ form as he may approve, conditioned that if hereafter the amount ° mm°°°`°°' awarded said Crampton on the trial in the said United States circuit court, on appeal from the award of commissioners, shall be so increased as that the cost of the entire site shall thereby be made to exceed the sum of four hundred thousand dollars, the obligors will pay into said court so much of said award as shall keep the total cost of said site, with the expenses of acquiring the same, within the limit fixed by said chapter ninety-one, and the limit of cost iixed by said cha ter Limit er cost ot for the erection of said building is hereby increased four hundred ”““‘“"‘ “‘°’°““°"· thousand dollars. For public building at New London, Connecticut: For purchase New ne¤ae¤,c»¤n of site and commencement of building under present limit, twenty- five thousand dollars. For marine hospital at New Orleans, Louisiana: For electric build- Mw or1¤¤¤¤. Le ing and electric-light plant, three thousand dollars. For post-office, court-house, and custom—house at New Berne, North New Berne, N. c. Carolina: For purchase of site and commencement of building under present limit, twenty-five thousand dollars. For court-house and post·office at Paris, Texas: For purchase of P¤¤‘¤T<>= site and commencement of building under present limit, thirty thousand dollars. For post-office and court-house at Peoria, Illinois: For elevator Pecrianh ten thousand dollars. For court-house and post-office at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: For rmaurg1i,1»¤. completion of building under present limit, two hundred and forty- nine thousand dollars. For custom—house at Rockland, Maine: For improvement of R<>ck1¤¤d.Me. grounds, three thousand dollars For old custom·house at Saint Louis, Missouri: For heating appa- sz. Louis. me. ratus, elevators, and completion of the work of enlarging and repairin the building, forty thousand dollars Por post·o5ice at Salina, Kansas: For purchase of site and com- serum. xm. mencement of building under present limit, twenty-five thousand dollars. For marine hospital at San Francisco, California: For new ward S¤¤F¤¤¤¤i¤¤>. Cal. building, ten thousand dollars. _ _ For post-office at Saint Joseph, Missouri: For completion of build- SM J<>¤<¤v¤· M0- ing and to furnish and put in place a clock in the tower of said building, three thousand six hundred dollars. For post-ohice at Scranton, Pennsylvania: For continuation of semmen, ra building under resent limit, fifteen thousand dollars. For office of Slupervising Architect: For constructing a one-story wesmngten, nc. building in the south court of the Treasury building of ·non—inflam— Treasury buammg. mable materials for the engineering wld dranghting division of the Once Supervising onine of the Supervising Architect, twenty-five thousand dollars_ “'°"’°°°°· For court-house and post-office at Syracuse, New York: For vaults Syracuse, N. x under side—walk and for necessary repairs and alteration of building, twenty-five thousand dollars. _ _ For post·office and court house at Wichita, Kansas: For comple· wiemmnu tion of building, including heating apparatus and an elevator, eight thousand dollars. | WIKI |
User:Peter boelens
This account is mainly to have an adress on en:wiki
nl:Gebruiker:Peter boelens no:Bruker:Peter boelens | WIKI |
Ring of Scorpio
Ring of Scorpio is a 1990 Australian TV miniseries by Alan Bateman, Errol Sullivan and Kim Williams. It was made with assistance from the Film Finance Corporation Australia, BBC Television and the Nine Network. It was shot in Morocco, Spain, Sydney and Broken Hill.
The casting of Americans Jack Scalia (who had recently completed a season-long role in Dallas) and Catherine Oxenberg (then best known for her role as Amanda on Dynasty), and Briton Caroline Goodall was indicative of a trend in Australian miniseries from the early 1990s to cast well-known foreign actors in leading roles to increase the potential appeal to international audiences.
Plot outline
* Three women (Catherine Oxenberg, Catherine Goodall, Linda Cropper) plot revenge against a drug dealer (Jack Scalia) who seduced them before scamming them to participate in his operations, ultimately causing them to spend time in Moroccan prisons, ruining their lives.
Synopsis
* A gripping story of secrets within secrets, of disloyalty and deception, of passion, murder and revenge. Helen Simmons cannot believe her eyes. There, on the floor of the Sydney Stock Exchange, is a man she thought was dead. Richard Deveraux, the man who once told her he loved her, the man who betrayed her, the man who nearly destroyed her and her friends. Now, it seems Richard is not only alive and well, he is even more dangerous than ever. When Helen discovers he is planning a multi-million dollar stockmarket scam, she decides it's time to act. With her two former friends, she sets out to avenge all the wrongs and the hurt of the past. But, like the scorpion on the ring that he once gave each girl as a symbol of his love, Richard Deveraux is a venomous and deadly enemy. — Banijay Rights
Production
* Ian Barry (Director)
* Suzanne Hawley (Writer)
* Errol Sullivan (Producer)
Cast
* Catherine Oxenberg as Fiona Matthews McDonald
* Catherine Goodall as Helen Simmons
* Linda Cropper as Marlene Walker
* Jack Scalia as Richard Devereaux
* Peter Kowitz as Gary Withers
* Caz Lederman as Pauline
* Victoria Longley
Music
* Martin Armiger: composer
* Derek Williams: orchestrator, conductor, composer additional music
Reception
Ring of Scorpio was nominated for an AFI Award for 'Best Television Mini Series or Telefeature' in 1991. It rated well in a small number of IMDb user reviews, garnering an average of 7.1/10 | WIKI |
On this day, October 11, 1809, the renowned explorer Meriwether Lewis of Lewis and Clark fame, dies under mysterious circumstances in the early hours of the morning after stopping for the night at a tavern in Tennessee. Most recent historians have concluded that Lewis' death was a suicide brought on by a deep depression. The reasons for this are many; Lewis found his return to civilized life most challenging. PresidentJefferson appointed him as governor of the Louisiana Territory, but Lewis found that the position of power made him more enemies than friends. At the same time, some bureaucrats in Washington, D.C., were questioning the legitimacy of some of the purchases Lewis had made for the expedition in 1803, raising the threat of bankruptcy if he were forced to cover these costs personally. In addition Lewis had yet to complete the work necessary to publish the critical information he and his partner Clark had gathered in their journals. Sometimes greatness had a great burden to carry. A follower of the path does not seek greatness and therefore is the greatest of all. | FINEWEB-EDU |
China pledges 'significant' market opening for foreign investors
BEIJING (Reuters) - China will “significantly” widen market access for foreign investors, state radio on Wednesday quoted vice premier Wang Yang as saying, following a recent move to raise foreign ownership limits in local financial firms. “China’s development in the past has benefited from opening and it’s more necessary to expand openness as we take the road of high quality development driven by innovations,” Wang told a business forum in the southern city of Guangzhou. “We will significantly expand market access and speed up drafting a timetable and roadmap for opening key sectors,” he said. China will “actively and effectively” attract foreign investment, protect legal rights and interests of foreign investors and create an environment for fair competition, he said. At a twice-a-decade Communist Party congress in October, President Xi Jinping called for “making new ground in pursuing opening up on all fronts”, and has pledged to allow greater access to China’s markets for foreign investors. In November, China said it would raise foreign ownership limits in domestic financial firms, a long-anticipated step that grants greater access to overseas investors in the Asian giant’s financial services market. China has been accused of unfairly subsidizing exports and of restricting foreign access to its domestic market, with U.S. President Donald Trump often complaining of the massive trade surplus China runs with the United States. Reporting by China monitoring desk and Kevin Yao; Editing by Nick Macfie | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Steel plate construction
AISC references
Just putting in a few fresh references, may incorporate this info into this article in a bit.
https://www.aisc.org/modernsteel/news/2017/october/steel-core-system-revolutionizes-high-rise-construction/
https://www.aisc.org/Specification-for-Structural-Steel-Buildings-ANSIAISC-360-16-1 https://www.aisc.org/2016-Seismic-Provisions — Preceding unsigned comment added by Morg00 (talk • contribs) 02:22, 18 October 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
• 06 September 2021
What Are The Steps In Water Leak Detection?
Every year there are thousands of water leaks that go undetected. This can lead to hundreds of dollars in wasted water and damage to your property from mold, mildew, or rot.
Water leak detection is a necessary step in protecting your home from the potential dangers of unseen water leaks. If you’re unsure of how to detect water leaks in your home, feel free to continue reading our article below as we discuss some steps you can take for water leak detection.
The Importance Of Water Leak Detection
Water leaks can happen for a variety of reasons. They might be as small and contained as the drip from your faucet, or they could cause flooding in an entire building. However, while water leaks may seem harmless at first, these small changes could be indicative of much larger issues. If these issues are left untouched they will eventually cause major structural damage which cost exponentially more money to fix than prevention would have been.
With that, some steps you can take to check for water leaks include the following down below:
1). Check Your Water Meter
Water leaks can be a sneaky and expensive problem to deal with. However, water meters can show if you’re using more water than usual. This is an easy way of detecting leaks without having to resort to other means which might cost more money than just getting it fixed right away! If your water meter reflects a really high or unusual reading then there might just be an issue with leaks in your pipes or faucets.
What Are Steps Water Leak Detection
2). Check Your Appliances And Fixtures
If your water meter has reflected unusually high readings, then it’s best to check your appliances and fixtures for signs of leaks. Check the cabinets under the sinks in your bathroom, kitchen, or laundry. You can also check for small pools of water around your bathtub, shower, washing machine, and other appliances that use water.
3). Look For Wet Spots On The Floor, Walls, Or Ceiling
An easy way to check for a water leak is by looking out for wet areas on the walls, floors, or ceiling. You might even find signs of mold growth in damp areas which can be a sign that a leak has been occurring in that area for a while. Bubbling or bulging wallpapers, musty smells, and discoloration on your walls are also other side effects of leaks in your floor, walls, or ceilings. These are all indicators that there could be an issue with your plumbing.
4). Listen For Dripping Sounds In Your Home
Many people don’t know that the first sign of a leak is often hearing it. If it’s not immediately clear where the leaking sound is coming from, try following the sound to their source and checking all potential sources in that area. Chances are there is at least one leak around the area.
5). Try The Colour Dye Trick
Toilets are some of the most susceptible fixtures to water leaks commonly caused by a brittle toilet flapper. A quick and easy way to see if you have a leak is by dyeing your toilet bowl blue with food coloring in order to detect any potential problems. All you need are four drops of food coloring in the toilet tank, then wait for at least five minutes. If you do have a water leak, then the color should have seeped into the bowl.
What Are Steps Water Leak Detection
6). Call A Professional Plumber
Water leaks can cause all kinds of damage to your property and leave you with high water bills that could have been avoided if detected early enough. Call a professional plumber as soon as possible so they can come out, diagnose the problem and fix it before more costly damages happen, saving you money in repairs in the long run!
Summary
The steps in leak detection are critical to know because not only will it help you find the source of a water leak, but also help prevent further damage. Luckily, there are many different ways to protect your home from water leaks in the future. However, it is always best to call a professional plumbing service to help get your water leak fixed safely and properly.
If you suspect you have a water leak, please call us at Water Leak Detection for a free consultation today at +65 8333 7667
or leave an inquiry on our website. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:List of Survivor (American TV series) episodes (seasons 1–20)
Labeled section transclusion
This page uses labeled section transclusion. Most of its content is transcluded from other pages, including List of Survivor (U.S. TV series) episodes, and those other pages should be edited in order to keep the content synchronized. This technique for splitting episode lists was pioneered at List of The Simpsons episodes. – Wbm1058 (talk) 13:34, 11 February 2016 (UTC)
Requested move 15 June 2016
The result of the move request was: Page to be moved to List of Survivor (U.S. TV series) episodes (seasons 1–20). OK, I'll take care of this one, since it's complicated and easy to mess up. wbm1058 (talk) 11:24, 23 June 2016 (UTC)
List of Survivor (U.S. TV series) episodes* → List of Survivor (U.S. TV series) episodes (seasons 1–10) – Similar to consensus at Talk:List of The Simpsons episodes (seasons 1–20), an asterisk in the title is unnecessarily confusing. -- Tavix ( talk ) 20:00, 15 June 2016 (UTC)
* Best if we move more seasons to this side of the fence if we're going to lock ourselves into a specific title. We don't have much headroom on the other side. See Talk:List of Survivor (U.S. TV series) episodes. wbm1058 (talk) 01:10, 16 June 2016 (UTC)
* I'd be fine with that. Do you have a number in mind? -- Tavix ( talk ) 01:16, 16 June 2016 (UTC)
* 20 was suggested earlier, on the other page, and that would be consistent with the Simpsons. This one isn't as bulky content wise, so 20 should fit more comfortably on a page here than they do at Simpsons, where we're tight to the limits, and the page loads slower. None of the first 16 seasons here have references; with refs. the page gets bulkier. wbm1058 (talk) 01:26, 16 June 2016 (UTC)
Name
Shouldn't it be "List of Survivor (U.S. TV series) episodes (seasons 1–10)"?--Celtic1985 (talk) 12:21, 23 July 2016 (UTC)
Inconsistency
The page title is Seasons 1-20. What we actually have is seasons 1-10. Which is it? Simple but powerful 19:13, 18 September 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
Cici (singer)
Busisiwe Thwala (born 15 February 1987), is a South African singer-songwriter and actress prominently known under the alias of Cici (often stylized CiCi) who gained recognition in late 2015 subsequent to the release of her single "Runaway".
The "Runaway" single won her two awards in 2016 at the 15th Metro FM Music Awards. In 2017 she left her ex-partner's and manager's (Arthur Mafokate) record label 999 and went on to sign a recording deal with Ambitiouz Entertainment.
She put out two albums titled Busisiwe (2017) and Sukulila (2021) under the latter label.
Cici made collaboration with DJ Zinhle, "Thula" released on July 7, 2023. It debuted number 3 and charted number 1 on Metro FM Top 30 Countdown Charts.
Feuds
After signing a recording contract with 999 music in 2016, In 2017 Cici opened a domestic violence case against her former boss and ex-lover Arthur Mafokate, Mafokate retaliated by opening a counter-charge for assault.
Discography
* Busisiwe (2021)
* Sukulila (2017) | WIKI |
Garra sindhi
Garra sindhi is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus Garra endemic to the Wadi Andhur in Oman. | WIKI |
Page:Eight Friends of the Great - WP Courtney.djvu/81
Rh France and Italy." This did not exhaust the abuse. He quoted as applicable to Warner, the sentence of Gray on Eusden, once poet-laureate. "Eusden was a person of great hopes in his youth, though at last he turned out a ." The words in the original are "drunken parson," and the reference seems to me a hit below the belt.
In 1797 our Doctor published without his name a little work, issued at 3s. sewed, with the grand title of "Metronariston, or a new pleasure recommended in a dissertation upon a part of Greek & Latin prosody." He had been drawn to a study of the subject by a chance walk with "a learned ecclesiastic at Rome" in the Campo Vaccino, the old Forum, and the Via Sacra. In the latter quarter the priest naturally quoted the Horatian line "Ibam forte via sacra, sicut meus est mos" and quoted it with a "quantity too new and pleasing to my ear to be passed unnoticed." Through his old friend, John Nichols, the editor of the Gentleman's Magazine, the brochure was reviewed in that periodical [March 1797 p. 232] as endeavouring "with much good sense & great pleasantry wholly to explode the present long-established doctrines of quantity and accent and apparently with very great success." Warner wished, to use his own words, that Greek and Latin verses should be read "with a strict observance of the Measure, or as we commonly call it, the Quantity of the syllables." The dedication, a wordy dedication of twelve pages, to Jacob Bryant, the well-known classical scholar, was signed "a disciple of Mekerchus" and prefixed to the volume was a portrait of that worthy. Thereupon the editor of that journal inserted in the April number an account of Mekerchus and a reproduction of his portrait. His name was Meetkercke, derived from an estate almost half-way between Bruges and Blankenberghe. This was possibly the estate with a glorious mediæval barn, about a mile from the station, and about the same distance from | WIKI |
Armenia–Italy relations
Bilateral relations exist between Italy and Armenia. Italy has an embassy in Yerevan and Armenia has an embassy in Rome. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
History
Armenia and Italy have a long-standing relationship since antiquity, when the Etruscan civilization sought to trade with the Armenians in the Kingdom of Urartu. This was later expanded when the Roman Empire began to expand and managed to conquer Armenia, converting it into a province. While the Armenians sought to fight and survive from Roman domination, cultural exchanges between two increased and further strengthened by commonalities, eventually enriched the rich relationship between Rome and Armenia.
Both Armenia and Italy went on to be Christian nations, and carry significant distinction that make their relationship unique. Armenia was the first Christian nation on earth, while Italy is the home of Holy See, the holiest place of Christianity after Jerusalem. Therefore, relations between Armenia and Italy have been tied by the ancient links and Christian connection to even today.
Armenian genocide
The Kingdom of Italy joined the World War I in 1915 and was one of the first nations to condemn the Armenian genocide by the Ottoman Empire. Italian consul Giacomo Gorrini had openly denounced the atrocities by the Ottomans. Due to his effort to prevent the genocide and his later support for Armenian struggle, he was honored in Armenia.
Genetic connection
In 2014, a study research indicated that Armenians shared a quarter of genetic connection with Italians.
Today
Immediately after the collapse of Soviet Union, Italy was one of the earliest nations to recognize the independence of Armenia. When the First Nagorno-Karabakh War broke out, Italy is notable for being the first chairman of OSCE Minsk Group's acting for the peaceful settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, in 2005, reminded that the attempts of the Minsk Group of OSCE had not produced any results yet and stated that he would do his best to strengthen the activity of the Minsk Group.
Recognition of Armenian genocide
Italy, in 2000, recognized the Armenian genocide and openly punished those who deny such atrocities. It was further reinforced in 2019, when the Italian Chamber of Deputies adopted an initiative calling on the Italian government to recognize the Armenian genocide and give the issue an international dimension.
Trades
Armenia's trade turnover with Italy has been on a steady rise. In 2018 comprised US$232.48 million, which increased by 15.5% compared to 2017 (US$201.3 million); the export from Armenia to Italy comprised US$49.88 million, the increase was 15.2% compared to 2017 (US$43.28 million), the import from Italy to Armenia, by country of origin, comprised US$182.6 million, the increase was 15.6% against 2017 (US$158.0 million).
Recognition of Artsakh
On 16 October 2020, the city of Milan became the first place in Italy to recognize the Republic of Artsakh, an Armenian separatist nation homeland within internationally recognized Azerbaijani territory. The city of Cerchiara in Calabria later followed in 28 October.
Italy, on the other hand, has not recognized Karabakh and instead urged to solve the conflict peacefully.
Resident diplomatic missions
* Armenia has an embassy in Rome.
* Italy has an embassy in Yerevan. | WIKI |
The Sa-58P/V should be renamed to SA Vz.58P/V
Closed, ResolvedPublic
Description
The Sa-58P/V rifles should be renamed to their correct designation 'SA Vz.58P' and SA Vz.58V'.
Not only because Sa-58 is the wrong name, but because with UK Vz.59 you use the correct name for the machine gun.
Also: The Sa-61 (CUP_smg_SA61) should be renamed to 'SA Vz.61' for the same reason.
If you use SA or Sa (for Samopal) is up to you, I'd use uppercase because you used that with the Vz.59 machine gun.
Details
Commits
Restricted Diffusion Commit
Affected classnames
CUP_arifle_Sa58P and inherited ones
Branch
Release/Stable
Reproducable without other mods?
Yes
W0lle created this task.Mar 11 2020, 6:23 PM
as an added bonus, it would also be more easily distinguishable by name from the Saliant Arms SA58 which got added with the last update
Freddo3000 triaged this task as Low priority.Mar 12 2020, 6:41 AM
Freddo3000 changed the task status from Needs Review to Open.
Freddo3000 added a project: Weapons.
Urban closed this task as Resolved by committing Restricted Diffusion Commit.Sat, May 23, 12:06 AM
Urban added a commit: Restricted Diffusion Commit. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Learn the health and beauty benefits of seaweed and learn how to add it to your meal plan!
It is still an unknown fact if a seaweed diet could really help people lose weight. It is possible that seaweed could have benefits that people wanting to lose weight can benefit of. However, while some evidence and studies prove that seaweed could really help these people, others state that seaweed cannot help people to lose weight. On the other hand, seaweed has numerous health benefits, as it contains antioxidants and vitamins that the human body needs.
Nowadays, you can find on the market some seaweed supplements stating that they could improve the process of losing weight. The most common type of seaweed that is used in them is the brown one that is also very common in Japanese traditional recipes like miso soup. Taking into consideration the fact that seaweed is dense in nutrients and at the same time low in calories, it could be stated that it is recommended to those wanting to lose weight. However, there is no guarantee that the seaweed itself could improve the process.
On the other hand, they are recommended as nutritious foods, as they contain a complex of B vitamins that in turn can maintain nerve function, help with iron absorption and foster a healthier muscle tissue. Nonetheless, it is not recommended to consume too much of it, as this can induce hypothyroidism because it is very rich in iodine. In turn, this could lead to the thyroid gland becoming underactive. Therefore, if you want to add seaweed to diet, you could easily do it, as there are numerous recipes including it. However, make sure to not overeat it.
See also:
Vitamin B Complex: Best Natural Food Sources
Seaweed in Your Diet: Weight Loss and Beauty Benefits
If you are not sure that you could include seaweed in your diet, then you should know that there is yet another thing you could do with it. Seaweed has multiple beauty benefits that you could take advantage of as long as you use it correctly. For instance, it could restore the moisture level of your skin, firm and revitalize the skin, nourish it, detoxify and oxygenate it, hydrate it and reduce the possibility of getting cellulite.
Moreover, seaweed is also able to soothe and cleanse the skin, purify and re-mineralize it, improve its tone and its texture and slow down the aging process by reducing the premature appearance of wrinkles. In addition, it can give more shine to your hair and protect it from environmental elements due to its high concentration of beta-carotene and antioxidants.
Seaweed can also be used in order to treat severe acne. By being used as a mask together with olive oil, seaweed can easily detoxify and purify the skin, promote skin rejuvenation and circulation. It also has regenerative properties, it can prevent and also treat different ailments and diseases such as osteoporosis, and it can work as a treatment for severely dry skin, work against rosacea and eczemas.
All in all, although the weight loss benefits of seaweed have not been demonstrated yet, its beauty benefits are surely recognized and could work for you as well, as long as you use it responsibly.
You might also like:
New Season Natural Skin Facial Recipes
Seaweed in Your Diet: Weight Loss and Beauty Benefits | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Prediction of the mean turbulence intensity with a thermodynamic model for CNG and gasoline fuels
Doğan H. E., Demirci A., Kutlar O. A., Arslan H., Cihan Ö.
Fuel, vol.348, 2023 (SCI-Expanded) identifier
• Publication Type: Article / Article
• Volume: 348
• Publication Date: 2023
• Doi Number: 10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128532
• Journal Name: Fuel
• Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Aerospace Database, Biotechnology Research Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Communication Abstracts, INSPEC, Metadex, Pollution Abstracts, Civil Engineering Abstracts
• Keywords: CNG, Combustion chamber design, Global consumption speed, Quasi-dimensional model, Turbulence intensity, Wrinkling factor
• Istanbul Technical University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
Combustion is the main parameter that affects efficiency and exhaust gas emissions in internal combustion engines. In this study, the burning speed of gasoline and CNG were investigated quantitatively by calculating the mean value of turbulent consumption speed instead of qualitatively as is usually done. A three-zone quasi-dimensional thermodynamic model based on the measured cylinder pressure was created to calculate the mean value of turbulent consumption speed and turbulence intensity. The mass flow rate of air was kept constant in all experiments as much as possible, and the spark advance was kept constant at each relative air/fuel ratio. Thus, the effect of fuel and combustion chamber design on the consumption speed and turbulence intensity was directly determined. MR shape reached the highest consumption speed and turbulence intensity in all conditions. In the flat geometry, without any bowl, speed continuously decreased differently from the other designs. Natural gas burned clearly faster in the ultra-lean mixture. The increase in turbulence intensity has different effects on CNG and gasoline. The highest value of the mean turbulence intensity was calculated as approximately 3.4 m/s in the MR design. In the ultra-lean mixture, although the mass flow rate of air was constant, the mean value of the turbulence intensity changed in the same combustion chamber. Therefore, it has been determined that the combustion process affects the turbulence intensity. Using the quasi-dimensional thermodynamic model, mean values of the turbulent burning speeds and turbulence intensity might be calculated without having any optical observation and CFD analysis. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Sooner or later, most scientist have to automate certain tasks. It is generally advisable to leave such repetitive things that can be automated to the computer. Here we have a look at tools that might help with this task.
First things first: this is by no means going to be a comprehensive article, but will rather be my own, fairly biased view, which heavily focuses on python and git. It hopefully starts simple, and then gets more advanced fast.
Python
Python is a scripted computer language that allows you to do many scientific tasks, e.g., data evaluation, automatically. It is a fairly simple language to learn, and you can get going fast, however, be open to learn more advanced techniques later on. This means: Never stop learning! Python has many advanced capabilities that can make your life easier and faster.
Learning Python
Software Carpentry has two great lessons on python, which are especially suited for beginners. These lessons should give you an introduction and overview of the language, but also teach you how to plot figures using matplotlib.
A great book to introduce you python was written by Allen Downy and can be found here. It is available for free. The book gives an in-depth introduction into python, but also into the basics behind the language. Such knowledge is always helpful later on, since it gives you a deeper understanding of certain behavior.
Working with Python
The official python distribution is distributed from python.org. If you install this distribution, you can add further packages using pip. However, this is not always the most straight forward way to work with python.
Virtual environments
Virtual environments should be considered for all your projects. Depending on what python environment you are using, these environments will be created different. It is worth looking into it.
Anaconda
For data processing and scientific python, check out Anaconda. This gives you a conda environment for python. Furthermore, Anaconda comes with many packages pre-installed and has a graphical manager to handle your distribution. This can be advantageous, depending on what you need.
pyenv
If you need to handle multiple different python versions and want to easily manage virtual environments, check out pyenv.
Jupyter
Finally, Jupyter Notebooks give a straight forward interface to python that allow you to play and develop code in a browser, as well as to document it in Markdown. Googles flavor of Jupyter is called Google Collab and run on the web. JetBrains, the creator of PyCharm, also has an online Jupyter Notebook Server with is especially great for developing at the same time. It is called Datalore.
For Astrophysics, especially if you are interested in NuGrid data, check out the Astrohub. You can log into the public outreach server with your GitHub account and then use a JupyterLab environment to run your astrophysics models.
Editors
Many good python editors exist. Personally, I prefer PyCharm, however, many other options. PyCharm is a fully integrated developer environment (IDE) and comes with many more tools than you need in the beginning, it can therefore be overwhelming at first.
Other notable editors are Spyder, which is a full IDE that comes pre-installed with Anaconda. Also notable is Sublime Text, which works in my workflow especially well for scripting. Here is a great article on how to set up Sublime Text for python.
GUIs
If you are interested in creating graphical user interfaces for your programs, it is worth looking into GUIs. Two potential GUI creation packages that you might want to consider using are PyQt or PySide. Great tutorials on Qt can be found here.
If you want to package your GUIs with installers, check out fbs. Note that the open / free version only supports python-3.6 and is restricted to PyQt5. If you want to dabble with the pro version, let me know.
Advanced Python
Auto-formatting
Formatting python code should adhere - for readability - to certain rules. These are often also referred as linting requirements. While it is tedious to format code by hand, automatic formatters are very helpful. I generally use black to format my python code. The beauty of this is that it there are not many possibilities to format your code, therefore, most of the decisions are already made, and it always looks awesome. Various plugins exist that can be used in editors and IDEs. Search engines are useful to find them.
Test your code!
Testing of code is crucial, since you generally want to make sure that your scripts, functions, classes, etc., do what you want them to do. An amazing package to test your python code is pytest. If you are interested in learning testing with python, check out Brian Okken's book here.
Git
When working with code, version control should be an integral part of your workflow. One way of controlling versions is with git. The Galactic Forensics Laboratory has its git repositories hosted here on GitHub. Lab members get access to all repositories of the lab.
Learning git
The best way to learn git and / or to review your skill is by going through this course on Software Carpentry. The next step is then to use git and, if you want to keep your repos online, a service such as GitHub. You can also browse the git book, which is available for free here.
The beauty of git is that you can most of the time go back in time if you made a mistake. So don't worry if something happens! A good resource for these weird cases is Dangit Git.
Good practices
If you want to contribute code to a repository of which you are not a maintainer, you should fork the repository to your own GitHub account. Then create a branch with an appropriate name for the feature you want to contribute. Add your changes, push your branch to your fork, and then create a pull request where you describe what you have changed and why. Keep it short, but descriptive.
Most projects, e.g., the iniabu project have a developers guide that gives you additional information on how to contribute. For iniabu, you can find the guide, e.g., here in the docs.
Advanced git and GitHub
pre-commit
If you are using git regularly, especially on public projects, pre-commit can help you to automate tasks. You can install so-called hooks that help you perform various tasks, e.g., formatting, etc. Check out the pre-commit website.
GitHub Actions
For automatic testing on GitHub, consider using GitHub Actions. These actions can especially help when using continuous integration (CI).
Some more advanced resources
Code coverage
When testing your python code, it is useful to know how many lines of your code are actually tested by your test suite. To automate this process, you can, e.g., use GitHub hooks for coveralls.
Documentation
Last, but surely not least, you will likely make extensive use of great documentations that you can find online. For python code, automatic documentation using your doc strings can be really helpful. One tool to do so is sphinx. This is especially powerful in combination with ReadTheDocs, which can also be implemented with a GitHub hook.
Hypermodern Python
Finally, if you want to code in python using many bells and whistles, check out the blog articles on hypermodern python by Claudio Jolowicz. The series can be found here, the first article here. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
List of honorary fellows of Magdalene College, Cambridge
This is a list of Honorary Fellows of Magdalene College, Cambridge.
* Simon Barrington-Ward
* Sir John Boardman
* Benjamin Britten
* Lida Lopes Cardozo Kindersley
* Chris von Christierson
* Sir David Clary
* Sir Colin Corness
* Robert Cripps
* Thomas Cripps
* Katie Derham
* Dame Carol Ann Duffy
* T.S. Eliot
* Derek Ezra, Baron Ezra
* Bamber Gascoigne
* Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
* Sir Christopher Greenwood
* Sir John Gurdon
* Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond
* Thomas Hardy
* Seamus Heaney
* Sir David Hopwood
* David Hoyle
* Sir Antony Jay
* Sir Richard Jolly
* Igor Judge, Baron Judge
* Rudyard Kipling
* Kuok Khoon Hong
* Robert Latham
* C.S Lewis
* Mark Malloch Brown, Baron Malloch-Brown
* Nelson Mandela
* Mark Davis Moorman (MPhil History and Philosophy of Science, Pepys Benefactor Fellow)
* Sir Andrew Morritt
* Denis Murphy
* Mike Newell
* Duncan Robinson
* Raymond Sackler
* Alexander Schultz
* Nazrin Shah of Perak
* John Simpson
* Dame Sarah Springman
* Amy Tennant
* Sir John Tooley
* Helen Vendler
* Roger Vignoles
* The Lady Williams of Oystermouth
* Rowan Williams, Baron Williams of Oystermouth
* Wong Yan-lung | WIKI |
Tuoba Shiyijian
Tuoba Shiyijian (320–376) was the last prince of the Xianbei-led Dai dynasty of China and ruled from 338 to 376 when Dai was conquered by the Former Qin dynasty. He was the son of Tuoba Yulü and the younger brother of Tuoba Yihuai, whom he succeeded in 338. In 340 he moved the capital to Shengle (盛樂) (near modern Horinger County, Inner Mongolia). His grandson Tuoba Gui later founded the Northern Wei dynasty and accorded him the posthumous name Emperor Zhaocheng (昭成皇帝) and the temple name Gaozu (高祖).
Personal information
Consort and issue(s):
* Princess, of the Murong clan (慕容氏), sister of Murong Huang
* Lady, of the Murong clan (慕容氏), relative of Murong Huang
* Empress Zhaocheng, of the Murong clan (昭成皇后慕容氏, d. 360), daughter of Murong Huang
* Tuoba Shi, Emperor Xianming (獻明皇帝 拓跋寔, d. 371), second son
* Tuoba Han (明秦王 拓跋翰), third son
* Tuoba Yanpo (拓跋阏婆, d. 376), fourth son
* Tuoba Shoujiu (拓跋壽鳩), eight son
* Unknown
* Tuoba Shijun (拓跋寔君, d. 376), first son
* Tuoba Gegen, Prince Huan of Qinghe (清河桓王 拓跋紇根), fifth son
* Tuoba Digan (拓跋地干), sixth son
* Tuoba Lizhen, Prince Cheng of Peng (彭城王 拓跋力真), seventh son
* Tuoba Quduo (拓跋屈咄), ninth son
* Princess of Liaoxi (辽西公主), first daughter
* Married He Yegan maternal nephew of Shiyijian and the Helan chieftain
* Princess Tuoba (拓跋氏), second daughter
* Married Liu Wuhuan
* Princess Tuoba (拓跋氏) third daughter
* Princess Tuoba (拓跋氏), fourth daughter | WIKI |
|"Creole in a Red Turban" by Jacques Aman, circa 1840; image courtesy|
I learned it's pretty easy to determine the difference between Creole and Cajun food; Creole cuisine uses tomatoes, Cajun doesn't. People, well, that's not as easy.
When the French settlers moved to Louisiana, the placage system was set up due to a shortage of accessible white women. The French wanted to expand its population in the new world, however men were not expected to marry until their early thirties and premarital sex was inconceivable. African woman soon became the concubines of white male colonists, which in some cases they happened to be sons of noblemen, military men, plantation owners, etc. Soon, wealthy white men would marry and, in some cases, they would possess two families. One with the white woman to which they were legally married, and one with their mistress of color. The offspring from their mistresses were then grouped into a new class of creoles known as gens de couleur, or free people of color. This class of people would soon expand when refugees from Haiti and other French speaking colonies would migrate to New Orleans, effectively creating a new middle class between the white French Creoles and slaves.
|Courtesy of Google|
This class of colored people was unique to the South as they were not in the same category as African slaves. They were elite members of society who were often leaders in business, agriculture, politics, and the arts. At one time the center of their residential community was the French Quarter. Many were educated, owned their own property and businesses. Additionally, some were even slave-owners. They formed a third class in the slave society. This meant that in the pre-civil war era, race was mainly divided into four categories. These were white, black, creoles, and free people of color. French Creoles objected to the fact that the term Creole was used to describe Free People of Color but their culture and ideals were often mirrored by them. French Creoles spoke French while Black Creoles spoke Louisiana Creole which was a mixture of English, French, African or Spanish. The end of the civil war was a threat to the Louisiana Creoles of Color because this brought about the two-tiered class system that existed in the rest of the country that was divided predominately by race: black and white.
Cajuns, on the other hand, are any descendant of Acadian exiles (French-speaking Canadians from the Maritime provinces) who lived in the southern bayou region of Louisiana. They can be any race.
|Courtesy of Google|
Cajuns began arriving in Louisiana during the French and Indian War. Their forced expulsion by the British was part of the its military campaign again New France, the French territories in Canada. It is thought that over 11,000 people out of 14,000 were deported during what became known as the Great Expulsion.
I learned when researching the cultural history of Russians in Alaska, they also used the term "creole" to define people with mixed Russian and Native Alaskan blood.
A version of this post first appeared on the Robert Muir Family blog on 7 April 2016, which is the publishing platform for the multi-volume book, Descendants of Robert Muir (c1800-1869). The original version of this post will be published in an electronic book, Volume VII: James Muir (1848-1926) Descendants in June 2016.
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Vladimir GUSINSKY, Trustee, for the Vladimir Gusinsky Living Trust, Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiff, v. BARCLAYS PLC, et al., Defendants.
No. 12 Civ. 5329(SAS).
United States District Court, S.D. New York.
May 13, 2013.
Opinion Denying Reconsideration June 13, 2013.
David Avi Rosenfeld, Esq., Samuel Howard Rudman, Esq., Christopher Michael Barrett, Esq., Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd .LLP, Melville, NY, Gregory Mark Nespole, Esq., Robert B. Weintraub, Esq., Wolf Haldenstein Adler Freeman & Herz LLP, New York, NY, for Plaintiffs.
Jonathan D. Schiller, Esq., James Meadows, Esq., Boies Schiller & Flexner LLP, David H. Braff, Esq., Jeffrey T. Scott, Esq., Matthew S. Fitzwater, Esq., Matthew J. Porpora, Esq., Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Andrew J. Levander, Esq., Dechert LLP, New York, NY, Michael Brille, Esq. Boies Schiller & Flexner LLP, Washington, D.C., Cheryl A. Krause, Esq., Dechert LLP, Philadelphia, PA, for Defendants.
OPINION AND ORDER
SHIRA A. SCHEINDLIN, District Judge.
I. INTRODUCTION
Plaintiffs bring this putative class action on behalf of -themselves and others similarly situated (the “Class”) against Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC (“Bar-clays Bank”), and Barclays Capital Inc., (“BCI”) (collectively, “Barclays”), and John Varley, Robert Diamond, Christopher Lucas, and Marcus Agius (“Individual Defendants” and, together with Barclays, “Defendants”). The Class consists of all persons and entities who purchased American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) of Bar-clays PLC between July 10, 2007 and June 27, 2012, inclusive (the “Class Period”), and were allegedly damaged thereby. Plaintiffs assert violations of: (1) Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder against all defendants; and (2) Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act against the Individual Defendants.
Defendants move under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint (“SAC”) on the grounds that: (1) Plaintiffs fail to plead any actionable misrepresentations; (2) Plaintiffs fail to plead facts giving rise to a strong inference of scienter; (3) Plaintiffs fail to plead loss causation; (4) many of the alleged misstatements are not actionable because they are protected by the safe harbor provision in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”), or the bespeaks caution doctrine; and (5) Plaintiffs’ Section 20(a) claims for control person liability' must be dismissed because Plaintiffs have failed to adequately allege a primary violation of Section 10(b) or culpable participation on the part of the Individual Defendants. For the following reasons, Defendants’ motion to dismiss is granted.
II. BACKGROUND
A. The Parties
Barclays PLC is a publicly held corporation based in. the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), that provides global financial services. Barclays PLC’s ADSs are registered with the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) pursuant to the Exchange Act and traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Barclays Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Barclays PLC, is also a global financial services provider. BCI, also a wholly-owned subsidiary of Barclays PLC, provides securities brokerage and financial advisory services.
Varley was Group Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of Barclays from 2004 until he resigned in 2011 and Diamond took over. Diamond was CEO from January 1, 2011 to July 3, 2012, and President and Chief Executive of Corporate and Investment Banking and Wealth Management prior to 2011. Lucas was Chief Financial Officer and Group Finance Director during the Class Period. Agius was Chairman of the Board from January 1, 2007 throughout the Class Period. Plaintiffs purchased Barclays ADSs during the Class Period.
B. Barclays’ Role in Setting LIBOR Rates
Plaintiffs’ fraud allegations arise out of Barclays’ participation in setting the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). LIBOR is a benchmark reference rate devised by banks in the 1980s at the behest of the British Bankers’ Association in order to bring a measure of uniformity to the market for instruments such as interest-rate swaps, forward-rate agreements, and foreign currency options. Today, LIBOR rates serve as reference rates underlying numerous derivative financial instruments traded in the over-the-counter market and on exchanges all over the world. In addition, LIBOR rates are the reference rates underlying various types of loan agreements worldwide.
LIBOR rates are produced for ten currencies and fifteen maturities, i.e. borrowing periods, per currency. For each currency there is a bank panel comprised of six to eighteen banks (“Contributor Banks”) that is intended to reflect the balance of the market. Each Contributor Bank is asked to estimate the rate at which it could borrow funds “by asking for and then accepting inter-bank offers in a reasonable market size just prior to 11 am” (the “Submission Rates”), without reference to rates contributed by other Contributor Banks. Thomson Reuters, the designated calculation agent for LIBOR, collects the Submission Rates daily, discards the highest and lowest twenty-five percent of the Submission Rates, and averages the remaining rates to arrive at the LIBOR rate for a given currency and maturity. Thomson Reuters distributes the resulting 150 LIBOR rates to the market, Thomson Reuters also posts individual Submission Rates identified with the responsible Contributor Bank.
From at least 2005 until the present, Barclays has been a member of all ten LIBOR bank panels. During the Class Period, Barclays made its daily submissions through Barclays’ London Non-Sterling Liquidity Management Desk (the “London Money Market Desk”), which was then part of BCI. Plaintiffs allege that Barclays participated in two schemes to manipulate its LIBOR Submission Rates. First, Barclays’ traders attempted to influence LIBOR for financial gain by directing LIBOR submitters to submit inaccurate Submission Rates for Barclays. From 2005 through 2009, Barclays’ traders contacted persons responsible for submitting Barclays’ Submission Rates to request that they submit a specific rate, or alter the actual rate in a particular manner and in some cases the Barclays submitters accommodated these requests. Barclays’ swap traders also communicated similar requests to submitters from other Contributor Banks with the goal of allowing the traders and their counterparts at other financial institutions to increase profits or minimize losses.
Second, Barclays attempted to enhance market perception of its financial health by directing its LIBOR submitters to submit rates that were lower than the rates at which it legitimately believed it could borrow funds. Specifically, Bar-clays’ management directed its Dollar LI-BOR submitters to submit rates that were closer to the expected rates of other Contributor Banks rather than the accurate LIBOR rates, and the Dollar LIBOR submitters acceded to the demands. The manipulations allegedly began in August 2007 in response to negative publicity regarding Barclays’ liquidity and continued throughout at least January 2009. Plaintiffs allege that “Barclays had no specific systems or controls for its LI-BOR or EURIBOR submissions process until December 2009” and did not conduct formal monitoring until mid-2010. In addition, Barclays’ compliance department allegedly was aware of existing conflicts of interest and improper instructions to submitters but did not take remedial action.
C. The Alleged Materially False and Misleading Misstatements
Plaintiffs allege that Barclays’ investors were unaware of Barclays’ manipulation of LIBOR and EURIBOR rate submissions and lack of internal controls prior to and throughout the Class Period and, in fact, were led to believe that Barclays had robust internal controls based on materially false and misleading statements made during the Class Period. Plaintiffs allege four categories of misstatements. First, Plaintiffs cite representations in Barclays’ financial statements from 2006-2011 regarding: (a) risk management and internal controls; (b) corporate responsibility and ethics; and (c) legal compliance (together, “Business Practices”). Second, Plaintiffs refer to statements Diamond made during a conference call in response to an analyst’s observation that Barclays appeared to be “consistently paying slightly higher than most of the other U.K. banks in the LIBOR rate.” Third, Plaintiffs allege that the Submission Rates themselves were actionable misstatements. Fourth, Plaintiffs allege that Barclays’ failure to disclose its contingent liabilities as required by the International Accounting Standards Board and the SEC was an actionable omission.
D. Barclays’ Disclosures Regarding the LIBOR Investigation
On April 27, 2011, Barclays disclosed in its first quarter 2011 interim management statement that it was being investigated by the U.K. Financial Services Authority (“FSA”), U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), SEC, and U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) concerning its LIBOR submissions (together, the “Investigations”). In February 2012, regulators gave Barclays an ultimatum: enter into a settlement regarding its conduct in manipulating LIBOR rates or face criminal and civil charges.
On June 27, 2012, after several months of negotiation, Barclays announced that it had reached settlement agreements with the FSA, CFTC and DOJ totaling over $450 million (the “Settlements”). That day, Barclays’ ADSs declined twelve percent to close at $10.84 per ADS.
III. STANDARDS OF REVIEW
A. Rule 12(b)(6) Motion to Dismiss
In deciding a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), the court “must accept all non-conclusory factual allegations as true and draw all reasonable inferences in the plaintiffs favor.” “When there are well-pleaded factual allegations, a court should assume their veracity and then determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement for relief.” A claim is plausible “when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Plausibility requires “more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully.”
In deciding a motion to dismiss, “a district court may consider the facts alleged in the complaint, documents attached to the complaint as exhibits, and documents incorporated by reference in the complaint.” A court may also consider a document that is not incorporated by reference “where the complaint ‘relies heavily upon its terms and effect,’ thereby rendering the document ‘integral’ to the complaint.” When a securities fraud complaint alleges that material misstatements or omissions were made in public documents required to be filed with the SEC, a court may take judicial .notice of such documents, as well as “related documents that bear on the adequacy of the disclosure....”
B. Heightened Pleading Standard under Rule 9(b) and the PSLRA
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b) requires that the circumstances constituting fraud be alleged with particularity, although “[mjalice, intent, knowledge, and other conditions of a person’s mind may be alleged generally.” The PSLRA adds that in private securities fraud cases the complaint must “specify each statement alleged to have been misleading [and] the reason or reasons why the statement is misleading.” In addition, “the complaint shall, with respect to each act or omission alleged to violate this chapter, state with particularity facts giving rise to a strong inference that the defendant acted with the required state of mind.”
C. Leave to Amend
Whether to permit a plaintiff to amend its complaint is a matter committed to a court’s “sound discretion.” Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a) provides that leave to amend a complaint “shall be freely given when justice so requires.” “When a motion to dismiss is granted, the usual practice is to grant leave to amend the complaint,” particularly when a complaint is dismissed for failure to plead fraud with adequate specificity under Rule 9(b). Leave to amend should be denied, however, where the proposed amendment would be futile.
IV. APPLICABLE LAW
A. Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and SEC Rule 10b-5
Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act makes it illegal to “use or employ, in connection with the purchase or sale of any security ... any manipulative or deceptive device or contrivance in contravention of such rules and regulations as the Commission may prescribe....” Under Rule 10b-5, one may not “make any untrue statement of a material fact or [ ] omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made ... not misleading ... in connection with the purchase or sale of any security.”
“To sustain a private claim for securities fraud under Section 10(b), ‘a plaintiff must prove (1) a material misrepresentation or omission by the defendant; (2) scienter; (3) a connection between the misrepresentation or omission and the purchase or sale of a security; (4) reliance upon the misrepresentation or omission; (5) economic loss; and (6) loss causation.’ ”
1. Material Misstatements or Omissions
In order to satisfactorily allege misstatements or omissions of material fact, a complaint must “state with particularity the specific facts in support of [plaintiffs’] belief that [defendants’] statements were false when made.” “[A] fact is to be considered material if there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable person would consider it important in deciding whether to buy or sell [securities]....” Mere “allegations that defendants should have anticipated future events and made certain disclosures earlier than they actually did do not suffice to make out a claim of securities fraud.”
2. Loss Causation
A securities fraud plaintiff is required to “prove both transaction causation (also known as reliance) and loss causation.” Loss causation is “the proximate causal link between the alleged misconduct and the plaintiffs economic harm.” “A misrepresentation is ‘the proximate cause of an investment loss if the risk that caused the loss was within the zone of risk concealed by the misrepresentations ....’” Therefore, “to plead loss causation, the complaint[ ] must allege facts that support an inference that [defendant’s] misstatements and omissions concealed the circumstances that bear upon the loss suffered such that plaintiffs would have been spared all or an ascertainable portion of that loss absent the fraud.”
B. Control Person Liability Under Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act
“To establish a prima facie case of control person liability, a plaintiff must show (1) a primary violation by the controlled person, (2) control of the primary violator by the defendant, and (3) that the defendant was, in some meaningful sense, a culpable participant in the controlled person’s fraud.”
V. DISCUSSION
■ Plaintiffs - raise four categories of misstatements: (1) Barclays’ representations about its Business Practices in its Financial Statements; (2) Barclays’ contingent liability disclosures in its Financial Statements; (3) Barclays’ LIBOR submissions; and (4) Diamond’s conference call statements. As discussed below, the first two categories are not actionable misstatements or omissions. The second two categories, even if they are actionable, are too attenuated from the 2012 corrective disclosure to establish loss- causation.
A. Material Misstatements or Omissions
1. Barclays’ Statements Regarding Its Business Practices Are Not Actionable Misstatements
Plaintiffs devote approximately forty pages of their Complaint to quoting generic statements about Barclays’ Business Practices regarding
adherence to responsible practices; the possibility of liability to third parties for its harmful conduct; the Company’s commitment to the management of operational risk ...; the Company’s commitment to promoting good corporate governance; the Company’s operation of a system of internal controls which provides reasonable assurance of effective and efficient operations ... including ... compliance with laws and regulations; the responsibility of the Board for ensuring that management maintains a system of controls that provides assuranee of effective and efficient operations ...; the conclusion of the CEO and Group Finance Director that the ... Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective; [and] statements concerning LIBOR and the Company’s liquidity....
Plaintiffs claim that such statements were materially false and misleading because they failed to disclose that:
Barclays swap traders had improperly requested that certain Barclays LIBOR submitters submit false LIBOR contribution data ...; Barclays swap traders had communicated with swap traders from other LIBOR contributing banks and other financial institutions requesting [favorable] LIBOR contributions ...; Barclays, at the direction of senior management, submitted false and inaccurate LIBOR information that underreported its actual knowledge of Barclay’s borrowing costs and overall financial stability ...; Defendants falsely stated that specific internal controls were in place ... to prevent the conduct that actually occurred; internal controls were [not] being utilized; [and] Defendants’ conduct knowingly violated [various laws].
As a preliminary matter, the Second Circuit has rejected as insufficiently “particular” precisely the style of pleading Plaintiffs use in this case — a “complaint consisting] in large part of large block quotations with italicized text, followed by a passage that reads ‘[t]he statements referenced in [the preceding paragraphs] were each materially false and misleading when made for the reasons set forth in ¶ [90]....’” In addition, Plaintiffs’ allegations with respect to the financial statements are deficient for two substantive reasons.
First, the Second Circuit has held, as a blanket matter, that “statements that are ‘too general to cause a reasonable investor to rely upon them’ ” such as “generalizations about a company’s business practices and integrity” may not form the basis for a Rule 10b-5 fraud claim. Many of the statements that Plaintiffs identified fall squarely within the Second Circuit’s definition of non-actionable puffery — for example statements about being a responsible global citizen and doing business ethically. The court in Bahash found irrelevant the argument that statements about a corporation’s integrity were actionable where they “directly related” to the subject of the fraud claim, and clarified that “[t]he ‘puffery’ designation ... stems from the generic indefinite nature of the statements at issue, not their scope.”
Second, even as to those Business Practices which might not be per se non-actionable “puffery,” Plaintiffs’ allegations fail to connect the statements about Barclays’ Business Practices to Barclays’ LIBOR practices. For example, Plaintiffs attempt to clear this hurdle by arguing, with respect to statements about legal compliance, that “when Barclays was telling the public that its ‘business may not be conducted in accordance with applicable laws around the world’ Barclays was, at that time,- actively violating laws around the world by manipulating LIBOR.” If this were sufficient, then every individual who purchased the stock of a company that was later discovered to have broken any law could theoretically sue for fraud. This is precisely what the Second Circuit sought to avoid when it declined to “ ‘bring within the sweep of federal securities laws many routine representations made by investment institutions.’ ”
Plaintiffs’ allegations that “statements concerning the Company’s management of risk ... were materially false and misleading because, when made, the company knew it ‘had no specific systems or controls for its LIBOR or EURIBOR submissions process’ ” also fall short. None of Barclays’ statements regarding its Business Practices reference Barclays’ LIBOR submissions or appear to contemplate LI-BOR as a risk. Thus, even if representations about risk management do not constitute “puffery,” here the connection between Barclays’ statements regarding risk management and its LIBOR practices is too attenuated to find that the alleged LIBOR misconduct rendered the representations regarding risk management materially misleading. Insofar as Plaintiffs’ risk management arguments are based on the fact that Barclays, through its LIBOR practices, was “subjecting itself to reputational damage, and civil and criminal liability,” again, finding such statements actionable on these facts would render every financial institution liable to every investor for every act that broke the law or harmed reputation. In sum, Plaintiffs have not plausibly alleged that Barclays’ Business Practices statements contained any material misrepresentations with respect to LIBOR practices.
2. Plaintiffs Have Not Alleged that Barclays’ Contingent Liability Disclosures Were Materially Misleading
International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 37 requires Barclays to disclose the existence of a contingent liability “unless the possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote.” A contingent liability is “a possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity. .. ,”
Plaintiffs argue that “Barclays’ ‘possible’ obligation stems from the Company’s illegal conduct [in manipulating LIBOR rates] and thus the timing [for disclosure] is self evident: it is when Defendants’ illegal conduct first occurred.” The notion that IAS 37 obligates companies to disclose any potentially illegal conduct the instant it is committed because future liability is always possible, and that failure to do so may form the basis for a material omission under Rule 10b-5, is unrealistic and contrary to precedent. At most, the disclosure obligation would arise when an investigation into the conduct began, and the language of IAS 37 suggests that even an investigation does not trigger the duty to disclose where the possibility of liability remains “remote.”
Barclays disclosed the existence of the Investigations on April 27, 2011 and stated: “It is not currently possible to predict the ultimate resolution of the issues covered by the various investigations and lawsuits, including the timing and scale of the potential impact on the Group of any resolution.” Because Plaintiffs rely on the theory that the duty to disclose arose as soon as the illegal conduct began, they do not argue that Barclays’ duty to disclose the pendency of the Investigations arose earlier than 2011, when Barclays did disclose in accordance with the requirements of IAS 37. Their fraud claims based on failure to disclose under IAS 37 must therefore be dismissed.
B. Loss Causation
3. Plaintiffs Fail to Connect Barclays’ LIBOR Submissions to Their Alleged Losses
Plaintiffs allege that “the Dollar LIBOR Rate Submission Rates submitted by Barclays’ London Money Market Desk from August 2007 through January 2009 . -.. were themselves materially false and misleading statements.” Plaintiffs cite to the NPA statement that, during this time period, “ ‘Barclays often submitted inaccurate Dollar LIBORs that under-reported its perception of its borrowing costs and its assessment of where its Dollar LIBOR submission should have been’ ” at the direction of “ ‘[c]ertain members of management of Barclays.’ ” The alleged purpose of this manipulation was to submit rates “‘nearer to the expected rates of other Contributor Panel banks’ ” and to “deceive the market about the rate at which Barclays truly believed it could borrow funds.”
Even assuming that Barclays’ LIBOR submissions are actionable misstatements, which defendants dispute on the ground that they “ ‘could not have significantly altered the ‘total mix’ of information made available,’ ” Plaintiffs do not adequately plead loss causation. Plaintiffs rely on the efficient market theory to allege that Defendants “engaged in ... a [course of conduct] to deceive the market that artificially inflated Barclays ADSs ... by misrepresenting the Company’s then current state of affairs” including “the interest rate at which the company believed it could borrow funds.” Plaintiffs argue that they may plead loss causation by “ ‘identifying] particular disclosing event[s] that reveal the false information, and t[ying] dissipation of artificial price inflation to those events.’” However, the allegations in the SAC utterly fail to make that connection.
The alleged fraudulent submissions occurred between 2007 and 2009. The SAC alleges that the corrective disclosure occurred on June 27, 2012, when Barclays announced the Settlements and the DOJ released its Non-Prosecution Agreement, along with other regulatory documents. Even if the false LIBOR submissions in 2009 and earlier misled the market regarding Barclays’ financial health, and thus artificially inflated the stock price, there is no allegation that the LIBOR submissions between 2009 and 2012 were also false and misleading such that the ADS price would have remained artificially inflated.
The disconnect between the corrective disclosure — publication of the Settlements in 2012 — and the information concealed by the Submission Rates in 2009 and earlier is further amplified by the presence of specific information about Barclays’ financial condition in its Financial Statements, both at the time that the allegedly fraudulent rates were being submitted and from 2009 through 2012, when the Submission Rates are not alleged to be fraudulent. The notion that the market would fail to digest three years of non-fraudulent Submission Rates and other more detailed financial information, and would instead leave intact artificial inflation as a result of fraudulent Submission Rates during the financial crises is implausible and runs afoul of the Second Circuit’s admonition against loss causation based on “attenuated” connections.
Finally, the Second Circuit has rejected the notion that “even if no new financial facts were revealed [to the market],” plaintiffs may establish loss causation by showing that a “temporary share price decline” as a result of negative publicity was a foreseeable risk of the alleged LIBOR misconduct. Plaintiffs’ inability to plausibly allege that the information concealed by the false Submission Rates in 2007 through 2009 was revealed by the 2012 Settlements and caused their losses is fatal under Second Circuit precedent.
4. Plaintiffs Fail to Connect Diamond’s Conference Call Statements to Their Alleged Losses
In response to an analyst’s observation during an October 31, 2008 conference call that Barclays was “consistently paying slightly higher rates than most of the other U.K. banks in the LIBOR rate,” Diamond stated: “we’re categorically not paying higher rates in any currency” and “we benefit in times of turmoil, so we post where we’re transacting, and it’s clearly not at high levels.” Even assuming that Diamond’s statements were materially misleading, Plaintiffs fail to connect these 2008 statements to any loss experienced in 2012 for the same reasons that the allegedly false LIBOR Submission Rates bear no relationship to the alleged losses.
C. Plaintiffs’ Control Person Allegations Must Be Dismissed for Failure to Allege a Primary Violation
A primary violation of the securities laws is an element of control person liability under Section 20(a). Because I have already held that Plaintiffs have not adequately alleged a primary violation, Plaintiffs’ control person claim must also be dismissed.
D. Leave to Amend Is Denied
Plaintiffs are typically granted leave to amend at least once, particularly when claims are dismissed for failure to meet the heightened pleading standards under Rule 9(b), In this case, however, Plaintiffs received notice of the deficiencies in their First Amended Complaint at a pre-motion conference on January 10, 2013, and in a follow up letter of January 16, 2013, and were given, and took, the opportunity to amend again. Moreover, the reasons that the allegations in the SAC are insufficient, as set forth above, do not go to lack of specificity but are fundamental deficiencies under the securities laws. Because amendment would be futile, I will not grant leave to file a third amended complaint.
VI. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss is granted. The Clerk of the Court is ordered to close this motion [Dkt. No. 61] and this case.
SO ORDERED.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
I. INTRODUCTION
Plaintiffs bring this putative class action against Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC, and Barclays Capital Inc., (collectively, “Barclays”), and John Varley, Robert Diamond, Christopher Lucas, and Marcus Agius (“Individual Defendants” and, together with Barclays, “Defendants”). The putative class consists of all persons and entities who purchased American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) of Barclays PLC between July 10, 2007 and June 27, 2012, inclusive, and were allegedly damaged thereby. Plaintiffs assert violations of: (1) Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder against all defendants; and (2) Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act against the Individual Defendants.
On May 13, 2013, I granted Defendants’ motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint (“SAC”) in its entirety on the grounds that: (1) Plaintiffs failed to allege that Barclays’ generic statements about its business practices were actionable misstatements; (2) Plaintiffs did not plausibly allege that Barclays’ contingent disclosures were materially misleading; and (3) assuming that Barclays’ LIBOR submissions were actionable misrepresentations, Plaintiffs did not adequately allege that these statements, which occurred prior to 2009, caused Plaintiffs’ losses in 2012. Because I held that Plaintiffs did not adequately allege a primary violation of Section 10(b), I also dismissed the Section 20(a) claims for control person liability. I denied leave to amend on the ground that amendment would be futile, particularly in light of the fact that Plaintiffs were placed on notice of all the perceived deficiencies in their Complaint and given the opportunity to amend, and still had not plausibly alleged that Defendants’ fraud caused their losses. Plaintiffs now move under Local Rule 6.3 for reconsideration of the denial of leave to amend. For the reasons set forth below, Plaintiffs’ motion is denied.
II. LEGAL STANDARD
A. Motion for Reconsideration
Motions for reconsideration are governed by Local Rule 6.3 and are committed to the sound discretion of the district court. A motion for reconsideration is appropriate where “ ‘the moving party can point to controlling decisions or data that the court overlooked — matters, in other words, that might reasonably be expected to alter the conclusion reached by the court.’ ” A motion for reconsideration may also be granted to “ ‘correct a clear error or prevent manifest injustice.’ ”
The purpose of Local Rule 6.3 is to “ ‘ensure the finality of decisions and to prevent the practice of a losing party examining a decision and then plugging the gaps of a lost motion with additional matters.’ ” Local Rule 6.3 must be “narrowly construed and strictly applied so as to avoid repetitive arguments on issues that have been considered fully by the Court.” Such motions should not be made reflexively to reargue “ ‘those issues already considered when a party does not like the way the original motion was resolved.’ ” A motion for reconsideration is not an “opportunity for making new arguments that could have been previously advanced,” nor is it a substitute for appeal.
B. Leave to Amend
Whether to permit a plaintiff to amend its complaint is a matter committed to a court’s “sound discretion.” Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a) provides that leave to amend a complaint “shall be freely given when justice so requires.” “When a motion to dismiss is granted, the usual practice is to grant leave to amend the complaint,” particularly when a complaint is dismissed for failure to plead fraud with adequate specificity under Rule 9(b). Leave to amend should be denied, however, where the proposed amendment would be futile.
III. DISCUSSION
Plaintiffs have not cited any new facts, intervening change in law or possibility of manifest injustice that meets the standard for reconsideration of the Court’s dismissal and denial of leave to amend. Plaintiffs argue that the Court recognized the falsity of LIBOR submissions and statements regarding LIBOR, and that “[w]ith respect to certain statements that the Court found were not actionable, the [Proposed Third Amended Complaint (“PTAC”) ] now includes further allegations demonstrating the falsity of those statements.” Specifically, Plaintiffs argue, the PTAC now alleges that statements regarding Barclays’ legal compliance were false because “the violation of law alleged here was (i) ‘at the direction of members of senior management’; and (ii) was material to the Company and to a reasonable investor since it exposed the Company to substantial financial loss and reputational harm.’ ” In addition, Plaintiffs argue that the PTAC adequately pleads loss causation “based, in part, on an analysis provided to Plaintiffs by an economics expert on loss causation.”
These arguments are unavailing. While it is true that the mandate to “freely give leave [to amend] when justice so requires” is “to be heeded,” I determined that it was just to deny such leave where Plaintiffs already had detailed notice of the deficiencies in their Complaint when they first amended — and such notice was given for the specific purpose of avoiding a second round of amendment. Plaintiffs cite no reason why they could not have raised the allegedly new facts in their SAC, and indeed it is questionable whether Plaintiffs seek to add any materially different facts from those set forth in the SAC. Moreover, to the extent that any new facts are alleged, they do not bring to light new legal arguments, or render plausible the arguments this Court already considered and found lacking. This is a quintessential attempt to reargue “ ‘those issues already considered when a party does not like the way the original motion was resolved,’ ” and to “mak[e] new arguments that could have been previously advanced,” neither of which are proper bases for reconsideration.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiffs’ motion for reconsideration is denied. The Clerk of the Court is directed to close this motion (Docket No. 75) and this case.
SO ORDERED.
. Lead plaintiffs are Carpenters Pension Trust Fund of St. Louis and St. Clair Shores Police & Fire Retirement System.
. Defendants' Memorandum of Law in Support of Their Motion to Dismiss the SAC ("Def. Mem.”) at 2-3 (Dkt. No. 62). '
. Plaintiffs move to strike Exhibits E, F and G submitted in support of Defendants' motion to dismiss. See Lead Plaintiffs' Memorandum of Law in Support of Motion to Strike Certain Exhibits Attached to the Declaration of Matthew J. Porpora (Dkt. No. 65). Because I assume in deciding Defendants' motion that the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LI-BOR”) submissions were material misstatements, Exhibits E, F, and G, which Plaintiffs contend were used "to argue that Barclays' LIBOR submission[s] were not material to investors id. at 1 (citing Def. Mem. at 8), are irrelevant.
. The facts in this section are taken from the SAC and various investigative reports and business documents incorporated by reference therein.
. See SAC ¶ 10.
. See id. ¶ 11. See also Non-Prosecution Agreement Between Barclays and the U.S. Department of Justice ("NPA”) ¶ 10.
. See SAC ¶ 12. BCI's direct parent is Bar-clays Group U.S., Inc., a U.S. bank holding company and a wholly owned subsidiary of Barclays'PLC. See NPA ¶ 10.
. See SAC ¶ 13.
. See id. ¶¶ 14, 74.
. See id. ¶ 5.
. See id. ¶ 16.
. See id. ¶ 23.
. See id. ¶ 29.
. See id. ¶ 30.
. See id.
. See id. ¶ 32.
. See id. ¶ 33.
. Id. ¶¶ 34-35. The rates must be submitted by employees with primary responsibility for the management of the Contributor Bank's cash rather than the bank's derivative books. See id. ¶ 37.
. See id. ¶¶ 38-39.
. See id. ¶ 40.
. See id. ¶ 41.
. See id. ¶ 42. Also from 2005 to the present, Barclays has been a member on a bank panel whose submissions are used to calculate the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURI-BOR”), a reference rate overseen by the European Banking Federation. See id.
. See id. ¶ 43.
. See id. ¶ 45.
. See id. ¶¶ 46-49.
. See id. ¶ 50.
. See id. ¶ 45.
. See id. ¶¶ 53-55 (quoting NPA ¶¶ 36-37).
. See id. ¶¶ 56-76.
. Id. ¶¶ 77-79 (citing and quoting 6/27/12 Final Notice Issue by U.K. Financial Services Authority ¶¶ 147, 149).
. See id. ¶¶ 80-84.
. See id. ¶ 86.
. See id. ¶¶ 87-170.
. Id. ¶¶ 108-109.
. See id. ¶¶ 171-173.
. See id. ¶¶ 188-195.
. SAC ¶¶ 153, 161. In its 2011 Form 20-F, Barclays also disclosed a European Commission investigation.
. See id. ¶ 174.
. See id. 11175.
. See id.
. Simms v. City of New York, 480 Fed.Appx. 627, 629 (2d Cir.2012) (citing Goldstein v. Pataki, 516 F.3d 50, 56 (2d Cir.2008)).
. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009). Accord Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., 621 F.3d 111, 124 (2d Cir.2010).
. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937 (quotation marks omitted).
. Id. (quotation marks omitted).
. DiFolco v. MSNBC Cable L.L.C., 622 F.3d 104, 111 (2d Cir.2010) (citing Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc., 282 F.3d 147, 153 (2d Cir.2002)).
. Id. (quoting Mangiafico v. Blumenthal, 471 F.3d 391, 398 (2d Cir.2006)).
. Kramer v. Time Warner Inc., 937 F.2d 767, 774 (2d Cir.1991). Accord Staehr v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., 547 F.3d 406, 425 (2d Cir.2008).
. 15 U.S.C. § 78u-4(b)(1)(B).
. Id. § 74u-4(b)(2).
. McCarthy v. Dun & Bradstreet Corp., 482 F.3d 184, 200 (2d Cir.2007).
. Hayden v. County of Nassau, 180 F.3d 42, 53 (2d Cir.1999).
. See ATSI Commc'ns, Inc. v. Shaar Fund, Ltd., 493 F.3d 87, 108 (2d Cir.2007).
. See Dougherty v. Town of N. Hempstead Bd. of Zoning Appeals, 282 F.3d 83, 87 (2d Cir.2002).
. 15 U.S.C. § 78j(b).
. 17 C.F.R. § 240.1 Ob-5. Courts have long recognized an implied private right of action under Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5. See Superintendent of Ins. v. Bankers Life & Cas. Co., 404 U.S. 6, 13 n. 9, 92 S.Ct. 165, 30 L.Ed.2d 128 (1971) (noting that "[i]t is now established that a private right of action is implied under [Section] 10(b)”).
. Ashland Inc. v. Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc., 652 F.3d 333, 337 (2d Cir.2011) (quoting Stoneridge Inv. Partners, LLC v. Scientific-Atlanta, Inc., 552 U.S. 148, 157, 128 S.Ct. 761, 169 L.Ed.2d 627 (2008)). Accord Erica P. John Fund, Inc. v. Halliburton Co., - U.S. -, 131 S.Ct. 2179, 2184, 180 L.Ed.2d 24 (2011). Because this Opinion resolves the claims on the basis of the misstatement and loss causation requirements, I do not address the other elements of fraud.
. Rombach v. Chang, 355 F.3d 164, 172 (2d Cir.2004) (internal quotation marks omitted).
. Operating Local 649 Annuity Trust Fund v. Smith Barney Fund Mgmt. LLC, 595 F.3d 86, 92-93 (2d Cir.2010) (internal quotation marks omitted).
. Id. Accord Rothman v. Gregor, 220 F.3d 81, 90 (2d Cir.2000).
. ATSI, 493 F.3d at 106. Defendants do not dispute transaction causation.
. Id. at 106-07 (citing Dura Pharm., Inc. v. Broudo, 544 U.S. 336, 346, 125 S.Ct. 1627, 161 L.Ed.2d 577 (2005); Lentell v. Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., 396 F.3d 161, 172 (2d Cir.2005)). Accord Lattanzio v. Deloitte & Touche LLP, 476 F.3d 147, 157 (2d Cir.2007).
. In re Omnicom Grp., Inc. Sec. Litig., 597 F.3d 501, 513 (2d Cir.2010) (quoting Lentell, 396 F.3d at 173) (emphasis in original).
. Lentell, 396 F.3d at 175.
. ATSI, 493 F.3d at 108 (citing S.E.C. v. First Jersey Secs., Inc., 101 F.3d 1450, 1472 (2d Cir.1996)).
. See SAC ¶¶ 87-170.
. Id. ¶ 105 (discussing 2007 financial statements). See also id. ¶¶118, 133, 152, 163 (discussing 2008-2011 financial statements).
. Id. ¶ 90.
. Boca Raton Firefighters & Police Pension Fund v. Bahash, 506 Fed.Appx. 32, 38 (2d Cir.2012). Accord Rombach, 355 F.3d at 172 (plaintiffs cannot plead fraud by “catalogfing] a number of statements made by the individual defendants, [without] explaining] with adequate specificity how those statements were actually false or misleading” with respect to the conduct alleged)
. Bahash, 506 Fed.Appx. at 37 (quoting ECA, Local 134 IBEW Joint Pension Trust of Chicago v. JP Morgan Chase Co., 553 F.3d 187, 206 (2d Cir.2009)).
. See, e.g., SAC ¶¶ 119-122 (discussing 2008 Financial Statements).
. Bahash, 506 Fed.Appx. at 37. ,
. Plaintiffs cite only one reference to LIBOR in Barclays' public filings, in the 2007 Form 20-F stating that "term LIBOR premiums rose” in the second half of 2007 and that “the Group's liquidity position remained strong.” SAC ¶ 104. However, Plaintiffs do not focus on this statement or specify how it relates to Barclays’ submission of allegedly false LIBOR rates.
. Lead' Plaintiffs' Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss the SAC (“PL Opp.”) at 14 (emphasis in original).
. The cases Plaintiffs cite for the proposition that "false statements regarding legal compliance [are] actionable,” which predate the Second Circuit’s summary opinion in Bahash, are distinguishable. In those cases, plaintiffs' statements about business practices were directly related to the subject of the fraud. In Lapin v. Goldman Sachs Grp., Inc., the court held that Goldman "attempted to distinguish itself from other institutions based on its ‘truly independent investment research’ while it allegedly knew ... about the pervasive conflicts and the effect they had on its research reports and buy recommendations, allegedly one of its core competencies, yet it allegedly failed to disclose such material information to its investors.” 506 F.Supp.2d 221, 240 (S.D.N.Y.2006). See also Richman v. Goldman Sachs Grp., Inc., 868 F.Supp.2d 261, 279 (S.D.N.Y.2012) ("Given Goldman's fraudulent acts [involving conflicts of interest], it could not have genuinely believed that its statements about complying with the letter and spirit of the law and that its continued success depends upon it, valuing its reputation, and ■ its ability to address potential conflict of interests were accurate and complete.”).
. Bahash, 506 Fed.Appx. at 37 (quoting ECA, 553 F.3d at 206).
. See Pl. Opp. at 16 (discussing identified risks).
. Compare In re Austl. & N.Z. Banking Grp., Sec. Litig., No. 08 Civ. 11278, 2009 WL 4823923, at *14 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 14, 2009) (“The core weakness in the Complaint is the plaintiff's failure to match its theory of fraud to the public statements made by ANZ” where "the [alleged] fraud consisted of ANZ's misrepresentation of its 'equity finance practices' ” but "[t]hose practices ... are not the subject of the representations cited in the Complaint.”) with Freudenberg v. E*Trade Fin. Corp., 712 F.Supp.2d 171, 190 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) (fraud adequately alleged “where statements touting risk management were ... juxtaposed against detailed factual descriptions of the Company's woefully inadequate or nonexistent credit risk procedures....”).
. IAS 37.
. PL Opp. at 25.
. See, e.g., In re Citigroup, Inc. Sec. Litig., 330 F.Supp.2d 367, 377 (S.D.N.Y.2004), aff'd sub nom. Albert Fadem Trust v. Citigroup, Inc.,
165 Fed.Appx. 928 (2d Cir.2006) (holding that "the federal securities laws do not require a company to accuse itself of wrongdoing”); Ciresi v. Citicorp, 782 F.Supp. 819, 823 (S.D.N.Y.1991), aff'd, 956 F.2d 1161 (2d Cir.1992) (“the law does not impose a duty to disclose uncharged, unadjudicated wrongdoing or mismanagement”); Ballan v. Wilfred Am. Educ. Corp., 720 F.Supp. 241, 249 (E.D.N.Y.1989) (securities laws do not require corporate management "to direct conclusory accusations at itself or to characterize its behavior in a pejorative manner”).
. SAC ¶¶ 153, 161.
. See id. ¶ 188 (where likelihood of the occurrence of a contingent liability is more than remote, "financial statements are to disclose the nature of the contingency and, where practicable, give an estimate of possible loss or range of loss or state that such estimate cannot be made”).
. Id. ¶ 171.
. Id. (quoting NPA ¶ 36).
. Id. ¶¶ 171 (quoting NPA ¶ 36), 173.
. Def. Mem. at 19 (quoting Basic v. Levinson, 485 U.S. 224, 231-32, 238, 108 S.Ct. 978, 99 L.Ed.2d 194 (1988) (emphasis in original)). Defendants argue that "[d]uring the financial crisis, no reasonable investor would have relied upon Barclays’ LIBOR submissions to measure Barclays' borrowing costs because (1) it was widely reported at the time that LIBOR had ceased to accurately reflect real prices at which funds could be borrowed and (2) Barclays provided detailed disclosures to the market regarding its actual sources of funding and the financial figures underlying its liquidity position — which are not alleged to have been false. See id. at 20-21 (“By at least April 2008, it was widely known and reported that LIBOR submissions did not even reflect accurate opinions because banks were reportedly making artificially low LIBOR submissions.”).
. Compl. ¶ 196 (emphasis added).
. Pl. Opp. at 36 (quoting In re IPO Sec. Litig., 544 F.Supp.2d 277, 289 (S.D.N.Y.2008) (internal quotation omitted)).
. See NPA ¶ 20 (finding the most recent LIBOR-related misconduct to have occurred in June 2009).
. See SAC ¶¶ 175, 198.
. See, e.g., Barclays' 2007 Form 20-F, Ex. B to Porpora Deck, at 92 (disclosing that "term funding in the interbank markets substantially disappeared” but that "liquidity remained good for Barclays”).
. See Lentell, 396 F.3d at 177 (“[W]here (as here) substantial indicia of the risk that materialized are unambiguously apparent on the face of the disclosures alleged to conceal the very same risk, a plaintiff must allege (i) facts sufficient to support an inference that it was defendant’s fraud — rather than other salient factors- — that proximately caused plaintiff’s loss.”).
. See Westwood v. Cohen, 838 F.Supp. 126, 133 (S.D.N.Y.1993) ("Under the efficient market theory [public information] is incorporated quickly into the stock price.”) (citing Basic, 485 U.S. at 241-45, 108 S.Ct. 978).
. See Lentell, 396 F.3d at 175 (quoting Emergent Capital Inv. Mgmt., LLC v. Stonepath Group, Inc., 343 F.3d 189, 199 (2d Cir.2003)).
. In re Omnicom, 597 F.3d at 513-14 (rejecting the argument that "even if no new financial facts were revealed in June 2002, Callander’s resignation and the ensuing negative media attention were foreseeable risks of the fraudulent Seneca transaction and caused the temporary share price decline in June 2002”).
. SAC ¶¶ 108-109.
. See ATSI, 493 F.3d at 108.
. See 1/10/13 Transcript ("I am assuming it will be a better motion and won’t need to grant leave to amend. You could have anticipated everything he is saying. I don't need to do this thing twice.").
. See 5/13/13 Opinion and Order ("MTD Op.”) at 287-92 [Dkt. No. 73]. Because I dismissed on the grounds outlined above, I did not address Defendants’ claims that Plaintiffs failed to plead facts giving rise to a strong inference of scienter and that many of the alleged misstatements are not actionable because they are protected by the safe harbor provision in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 ("PSLRA”), or the bespeaks caution doctrine. See Defendants’ Memorandum of Law in Support of Their Motion to Dismiss the SAC at 2-3 [Dkt. No. 62]. Nor did I consider whether loss causation was established with respect to the business practices statements or contingent disclosures.
. See MTD Op. at 293.
. See id. at 293.
. See Memorandum of Law in Support of Lead Plaintiffs’ Motion for Partial Reconsideration of the Court's MTD Op. (“PI. Mem.”) [Dkt. No. 76].
. See Patterson v. U.S., No. 04 Civ. 3170, 2006 WL 2067036, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. July 26, 2006) ("The decision to grant or deny a motion for reconsideration is within the sound discretion of the district court.”) (citing McCarthy v. Manson, 714 F.2d 234, 237 (2d Cir.1983)).
. Jowers v. Family Dollar Stores, Inc., 455 Fed.Appx. 100, 101 (2d Cir.2012) (quoting Shrader v. CSX Transp., Inc., 70 F.3d 255, 257 (2d Cir.1995)).
. RST (2005) Inc. v. Research in Motion Ltd., 597 F.Supp.2d 362, 365 (S.D.N.Y.2009) (quoting Virgin Atl. Airways, Ltd. v. Nat’l Mediation Bd., 956 F.2d 1245, 1255 (2d Cir.1992)).
. Grand Crossing, L.P. v. U.S. Underwriters Ins. Co., No. 03 Civ. 5429, 2008 WL 4525400, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 6, 2008) (quoting S.E.C. v. Ashbury Capital Partners, No. 00 Civ. 7898, 2001 WL 604044, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. May 31, 2001)). Accord Commerce Funding Corp. v. Comprehensive Habilitation Servs., Inc., 233 F.R.D. 355, 361 (S.D.N.Y.2005) ("[A] movant may not raise on a motion for reconsideration any matter that it did not raise previously to the court on the underlying motion sought to be reconsidered.”).
. U.S. v. Treacy, No. 08 CR 366, 2009 WL 47496, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 8, 2009) (citation and quotation marks omitted). Accord Shrader, 70 F.3d at 257 (holding that a court will deny the motion when the movant "seeks solely to relitigate an issue already decided”).
. Makas v. Orlando, No. 06 Civ. 14305, 2008 WL 2139131, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. May 19, 2008) (quoting In re Houbigant, Inc., 914 F.Supp. 997, 1001 (S.D.N.Y.1996)).
. Associated Press v. U.S. Dep't of Defense, 395 F.Supp.2d 17, 19 (S.D.N.Y.2005).
. See Grand Crossing, 2008 WL 4525400, at *3.
. McCarthy v. Dun & Bradstreet Corp., 482 F.3d 184, 200 (2d Cir.2007).
. Hayden v. County of Nassau, 180 F.3d 42, 53 (2d Cir.1999).
. See ATSI Commc'ns, Inc. v. Shaar Fund, Ltd., 493 F.3d 87, 108 (2d Cir.2007).
. See Dougherty v. Town of N. Hempstead Bd. of Zoning Appeals, 282 F.3d 83, 87 (2d Cir.2002).
. The background to this motion is set forth in the Motion to Dismiss Opinion.
.PL Mem. at 1.
. Id. at 2. For example, the PTAC emphasizes that "Libor was a prominent area of Barclays’ operations (it was one of only five banks that served as a member of all ten Libor bank panels)” and thus, "Barclays knew that, despite its representations regarding operational risk and that it had established controls in place for categories of risk that were relevant to its Libor Submission process, its Libor Submission process lacked controls and was an area of significant vulnerability and great known risk for the Company.” PTAC ¶ 77, 84. In addition, Plaintiffs emphasize that "[t]he manipulation of the Libor submission process was known to senior managers of Barclays” and that "Barclays understood the effect of Libor submissions on the public's perception of the Company.” Id. ¶ 91. They re-emphasize the statement that Barclays’ business "may not be conducted in accordance with applicable laws around the world” and argue that this statement "created a duty to speak fully and truthfully regarding Barclays’ legal compliance and to disclose that it was engaging in knowingly illegal conduct.” Id. ¶¶ 94-95.
. Pi. Mem. at 2. The sole arguably novel fact emphasized in the PTAC regarding loss causation is the statement in the DOJ Statement of Facts regarding "Barclays Accountability,” which stated that "due to the [Libor] misconduct, Barclays ... has been exposed to substantial financial risk, and as a result of the penalties imposed ... has suffered actual financial loss. PTAC ¶ 175. If anything, this merely confirms that the losses resulted not from a corrective disclosure of prior misrepresentations or revelation of a concealed risk but from the disclosure of the penalties and negative press generally.
. Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182, 83 S.Ct. 227, 9 L.Ed.2d 222 (1962).
. See MTD Op. at 293 (“In this case, however, Plaintiffs received notice of the deficiencies in their First Amended Complaint at a pre-motion conference on January 10, 2013, and in a follow up letter of January 16, 2013, and were given, and took, the opportunity to amend again.”) (citing 1/10/13 Transcript ("I am assuming it will be a better motion and I won't need to grant leave to amend. You could have anticipated everything he is saying. I don’t need to do this thing twice.”)).
. Makas, 2008 WL 2139131, at *1 (quoting In re Houbigant, Inc., 914 F.Supp. at 1001).
. Associated Press, 395 F.Supp.2d at 19.
| CASELAW |
George W. Welsh
George W. Welsh was a Republican politician from Michigan who served as the 37th lieutenant governor of Michigan, in the Michigan House of Representatives including as its Speaker during the 52nd Legislature, and as the mayor of Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Born in Glasgow, Scotland on March 27, 1883 to Joseph and Elizabeth Welsh, George Welsh operated a printing business and was the publisher of the farm magazine "The Fruit Belt."
Welsh's political career began in 1917 when he was elected to the State House representing Kent County, where he served until 1924 and as Speaker in his final two years. Alex J. Groesbeck selected Welsh to be his running mate for his successful campaign for Governor of Michigan in 1924. Welsh attended the Republican National Convention in Cleveland that year which nominated Calvin Coolidge for President of the United States.
He was a candidate in the primary for governor in both 1928, losing to Fred W. Green, and 1932, losing to Wilber M. Brucker.
Welsh was elected mayor of Grand Rapids in 1938, serving for just over a decade.
Welsh served as president of the United States Conference of Mayors from 1947 until 1949.
When he served as the city manager of Grand Rapids, Welsh masterminded the construction of the pool at Richmond Park. He also developed a plan during the Great Depression whereby the city would provide jobs for needy residents, paying them in scrip-type money which could be redeemed for food, clothing, and other necessities at stores in the city. His plan preceded Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal and came to an end when federal programs became available. | WIKI |
deleting registry keys and value
Discussion in 'Python' started by sdb1031@gmail.com, Nov 19, 2005.
1. Guest
Hi,
I am trying to learn how to write, change and delete registry keys and
values of a remote computer via Python's _winreg module. So far, I've
been able to programmatically create a value and read the value.
However, I am unable to figure out how to delete the value. Using the
following code, I get the following output:
MyNewKey c:\winnt\explorer2.exe 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Documents and Settings\sbriley.STAT\Desktop\testreg.py",
line 12, in
?
DeleteValue(aKey, r"MyNewKey")
WindowsError: [Errno 5] Access is denied
I have administrative access on the target machine and can delete the
key manually by connecting remotely using regedit. Here's the code.
BTW, does anyone know how to provide credentials to the remote system
if it has a different user/pass than the host system? I don't believe
that ConnectRegistry() will allow this.
Thanks,
Steve
from _winreg import *
#create the key
aReg = ConnectRegistry("remotecomputer",HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE)
aKey = OpenKey(aReg, r"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run",
0, KEY_WRITE)
SetValueEx(aKey,"MyNewKey",0, REG_SZ, r"c:\winnt\explorer2.exe")
aReg = ConnectRegistry("remotecomputer",HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE)
aKey = OpenKey(aReg, r"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run",
KEY_ALL_ACCESS)
n,v,t = EnumValue(aKey,5)
#print out the key
print n, v, t
CloseKey(aKey)
aKey = OpenKey(aReg, r"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run",
KEY_ALL_ACCESS)
DeleteValue(aKey, "MyNewKey")
, Nov 19, 2005
#1
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2. Guest
Looks OK to me. Just tried on my network - works with no exceptions
, Nov 19, 2005
#2
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The Bishop Revival
"The Bishop Revival" is the 14th episode of the second season of the American science fiction drama television series Fringe. The episode's storyline followed Nazi scientist Alfred Hoffman (Craig Robert Young) as he specially designed airborne toxins to kill only surrounding people with similar genetic traits, such as people with brown eyes.
It was written by Glen Whitman and Robert Chiappetta, and directed by Adam Davidson. Along with Young and a number of small guest parts, the episode featured another guest appearance by Clark Middleton as rare book seller Edward Markham. "The Bishop Revival" first aired in the United States on January 28, 2010 on the Fox network to an estimated 9.153 million viewers. Critical reception for the episode ranged from positive to mixed, as reviewers were divided on the episode's villain.
Plot
15 people suffocate at a Jewish wedding, appearing to have asphyxiated from the inside out. When the Fringe team arrives, Olivia (Anna Torv) identifies that all the victims were from the groom's side, whose grandmother was a Holocaust survivor - and Walter (John Noble) surmises that they were all killed via their shared genetic traits. Later, a similar mass death occurs at a coffee shop, in which Walter recognizes the victims all had brown eyes, another common genetic trait. From fingerprints found at the scene, they discover the culprit is Alfred Hoffman (Craig Robert Young), a Nazi scientist apparently somehow over 100 years old. Walter realizes that the man likely worked with his own father, Robert Bishoff (a German scientist who defected to the US in 1943 and anglicised his name), in creating a chemical agent that, once heated as a gas, could be used to target any specific trait using DNA from the target subject—especially those not of the master race. Though Walter originally had his father's files on the subject, his son Peter (Joshua Jackson), 10 years earlier, had sold them; Peter tries to recover the files but finds some have been used by an artist to create sensationalism art, causing Walter to become distraught.
They trace Hoffman to his home, finding his equipment used to create the chemical agent downstairs but no sign of Hoffman. Walter nearly suffocates from an agent left by Hoffman, but Olivia and Peter are able to save him in time. As the FBI search the premises, they find evidence that points to a convention being held to promote world equality. Olivia and Peter depart to try to find Hoffman, while Walter remains behind, examining Hoffman's equipment.
At the convention, Hoffman has replaced the heating elements for the chafing dishes with his own. Olivia and Peter struggle with locating Hoffman before Walter and Astrid (Jasika Nicole) arrive. Walter uses a fogger to distribute his own chemical agent, this time specific to Hoffman, and soon the man is found dying. As the team regroups, Walter fully admits to killing Hoffman, a crime in itself, but Broyles (Lance Reddick) decides to let Walter go. Later, Peter has been able to recover the rest of his grandfather's work and returns it to Walter; Walter then goes through the files, finding an old photo of his father and Hoffman working together.
Production
"The Bishop Revival" was the third episode to be written by writing partners Glen Whitman and Robert Chiappetta. It was the only Fringe episode directed by Adam Davidson.
"The Bishop Revival" revealed that the seahorse shown in promotions since the series began was in fact a genetically encoded "signature" created by Walter's father Dr. Robert Bishop. In an interview after the episode's broadcast, consulting producer Akiva Goldsman cited "The Bishop Revival" when discussing the use of flashbacks in Fringe; he stated his disinclination to use too many flashbacks in the series, explaining "I think flashbacks are really useful and there are a couple of places where it will be useful. But fundamentally, no, I don't think we're a show that will be doing a lot of jumping back in time despite the single horde of calls for the 'Walter's Grandfather Nazi Hunting' series. I think not, but it was fun to do [in the 'Peter' episode]."
Guest stars for the episode included Craig Robert Young, Max Train, Sierra Pitkin, Brendon Zub, Barbara Kottmeier, John Macintyre, Lauren Attadia, Al Miro, Aaron Brooks, Magda Harout, Leonard Tenisci, Alberta Mayne, Nancy Linari, and Dan Joffre. Clark Middleton, who was last seen in the first-season episode "Ability", made his second guest appearance in "The Bishop Revival" as rare bookseller Edward Markham.
Cultural references
The episode contained two pieces of music from the 19th century German composer Johannes Brahms: his Piano Quartet No. 1, Op.25 in G Major: III. Andante Con Moto-Animato and Piano Quartet No. 1, Op.25 in G Minor: II. Intermezzo: Allegro Ma Non Troppo-Trio: Animato. Also in the episode, someone is seen holding a Dharma Initiative tea bag, a reference to the mysterious organization on the science fiction series Lost.
The Nazi in this episode appears to be Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel, Heinrich Himmler. Aside from looking like the character, Himmler was also both a Nordicist and a Nazi Occultist. At one point in the episode, a scared elderly woman points at him screaming, "It's him... it's him...!" This has a double meaning, as she could have been saying "It's him!" or she could have been trying to say "It's Himmler!"
Ratings
In a Thursday night filled mostly with repeats, Fox's airing of new episodes Bones and Fringe finished #1 among adults aged 18–49, with an estimated 9.153 million viewers tuning in. Fringe was up fifteen percent from the previous week with a 3.0 rating, tying its highest 18–49 ratings share for the season. It was the second most viewed episode of the season after the season premiere "A New Day in the Old Town".
Reviews
The episode received mixed to positive reviews from television critics. Jane Boursaw of TV Squad wasn't sure what to think about "The Bishop Revival", but loved the plotline about Walter's dad being a German spy working for the US government. Alternately, Annalee Newitz of io9 called the episode "surprisingly meh"; while appreciating "all the weird family revelations about the Bishops", she believed the revelations about Walter's father to be "too much" because "we didn't need that extra backstory". Newitz wished Fringe had brought back Olivia's childhood subplot and its ties with Walter and Peter. The A.V. Club columnist Noel Murray was also critical of the episode, explaining "Plotwise, there wasn't much going on in 'The Bishop Revival.'... The FD tracked down a criminal and felled that criminal; that's really it." Murray did however praise the killer's methods and "Aryan aloofness" as "cool" and "delightfully old-school". Like Newitz, Tim Grierson of the magazine New York believed the episode contained "stupid revelations"; for instance, the Nazi connection of Walter's father "just felt like a variation on season one's episodes in which bizarre phenomena could always magically be linked back to Walter's work for the government. Obviously, this info about Peter's grandfather was supposed to be 'shocking,' showing how the Bishop family's scientific work can so easily be perverted for evil, but by this point it just seems like a very artificial, unnecessary ploy to keep us engaged."
Other than a few minor complaints with the episode's logic, IGN writer Ramsey Isler thought positively about "The Bishop Revival" and the Nazi story element in particular, stating "there's a definite unique Fringe flavor that makes this story work". Isler disliked the unsolved mystery of Hoffman however, writing the "story really had the feel of one of those intriguing but ultimately disposable stories in the Fringe library". Jennifer Walker from TV Fanatic called the episode "amazing" and a "heart stopper", while Andrew Hanson of the Los Angeles Times enjoyed the father-son dynamic. Ken Tucker from Entertainment Weekly wrote "The Bishop Revival" was "one of the series' most satisfying stand-alone episodes" because it featured a "good threat" and gave more information about the Bishop family's backstory. Tucker praised John Noble's performance, as his "portrayal of Walter encompasses everything from endearing daffiness to ferocious concentration and commitment". MTV's Josh Wigler believed the episode was "terrific," but wished there was more of a balance between the show's three leads, and that Olivia was featured on a regular basis. He, Hanson, and other critics agreed that this and the previous week's episode gave Fringe some strong momentum heading into the winter finale. Though normally skeptical of the series' many fringe cases, Popular Mechanics called the episode Fringe's "most plausible case yet".
Awards and nominations
At the 2011 Young Artist Awards, Sierra Pitkin received a nomination for Best Performance in a TV Series under the category "Guest Starring Young Actress Ten and Under". | WIKI |
In this article, I walk you through the development of a very basic Java JAX_RS web-services with Jwt (Json web token) authentication. For web-services, we’re going to use Jersey which is an open source framework for RESTful Web Services in Java. Before jump into coding and start authenticating the user I want to tell you a brief workflow of our application.
Application Workflow
• In order to use the web-services, the user sends a request to get a token by passing his/her credentials.
• Our web-service validates the credentials, and return an encrypted privateKey aka token, which will only be valid for the next thirty minutes.
• With every request, the user needs to send the privateKey in the request header, and if the key is invalid or expires then we send back the WebApplicationException, else we simply return the result.
We’ll implement a custom ContainerRequestFilter, which is in the simple words, a gateway of our application. Every request made by the client first came to our custom filter and we validate the privateKey before allowing the request to go to any service.
Like I said at the start of this article, we’ll create a privateKey aka token with Jwt (Json web token). In order to create a web-based token, we’ll use the Java Jwt library made by mighty lhazlewood.
There’s a great article on Json Web Token go and check it out => 5 Easy Septs to understand Json Web Token (Jwts)
Application Workflow Diagram
As mention above, in the Application Workflow section our server or web-services will generate a privateKey or Jwt token for the user. With the Jwt token, the user then safely communicate with the application. Below is the workflow diagram.
Jwt workflow diagram
This is indeed a simplistic introduction to our application. Next, below is the demo of our application for visualization.
In case I miss something, you can follow me by looking in the code which I pushed on GitHub.
Get Started
To begin, create a new Maven web project using an IDE and open the pom.xml file. Here we need to add dependencies for Jersey and Jwt.
<dependencies>
...........
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-core</artifactId>
<version>1.19.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-grizzly2</artifactId>
<version>1.19.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-json</artifactId>
<version>1.19.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.ext</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-entity-filtering</artifactId>
<version>2.14</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt-api</artifactId>
<version>0.10.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt-impl</artifactId>
<version>0.10.5</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt-jackson</artifactId>
<version>0.10.5</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
.........
</dependencies>
Once you’ve added the above dependencies compile the Maven project and you’re good to go.
In order to start building our application first let’s see our EndPoint class. Below is our HomeApiService, which is an EndPoint of our application.
@Path("/")
public class HomeApiService {
@POST
@Path(value = "authorization_service")
@JwtCustomToken
@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
public Response authorizationService(@QueryParam("username") String userName, @QueryParam("password") String password) {
if (userName.isEmpty())
return getResponse(new BaseResponse(BaseResponse.FAILURE, "username field cannot be empty!"));
if (password.isEmpty())
return getResponse(new BaseResponse(BaseResponse.FAILURE, "password field cannot be empty!"));
String privateKey = JwTokenHelper.getInstance().generatePrivateKey(userName, password);
return getResponse(new AuthorizationResponse(BaseResponse.SUCCESS, "You're authenticated successfully. Private key will be valid for 30 mins", privateKey));
}
@GET
@Path("allDevices")
@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
public Response getAllDevices() {
return getResponse(new DeviceCollection(Arrays.asList(new Device("Electric Kettle", 1, true), new Device("Computer", 1, true), new Device("Motorcycle", 3, false), new Device("Sandwich Maker", 4, true))));
}
As you can see the basic JAX-RX Endpoint has two methods both returning a Response object. Now if you guy’s have seen the demo, then you probably see that in order to get allDevices we first need to authenticate our user and pass the privateKey inside the header of the request. Below is the explanation of the above two methods:
• authorizationService: The user needs to get authenticated, invoking an HTTP POST and passing a username and password . Once authenticated, we simply call our jwTokenHelper class to create a token based on the username and password also set some other claims like thirty minutes expiration. You’ll see that how to create Jwt token in a couple of minutes.
• getAllDevices: Simply returns a List of devices.
Filter checking for json web Token (Jwt)
So, we’ve added the EndPoint to our application but where did we check that the user adds the privateKey inside the header of the request. For this, we need to implement ConatinerRequestFilter and after that the filter allows us to check the headers for every request. Like I said at the above of this article, the filter is like a gateway to our application. Every request sent by the client first came to our custom filter and after that, it goes to the EndPoint address. Below is JsTokenFilterNeeded class.
@Provider
@JwtCustomToken // 1
@Priority(Priorities.AUTHENTICATION) // 2
public class JsTokenFilterNeeded implements ContainerRequestFilter {
private static final String AUTHORIZATION_SERVICE_PATH = "authorization_service";
private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "privateKey";
private JwTokenHelper jwTokenHelper = JwTokenHelper.getInstance();
@Override
public ContainerRequest filter(ContainerRequest request) { // 3
String path = request.getPath();
if(path.equals(AUTHORIZATION_SERVICE_PATH)) // | 4
return request;
String privateKeyHeaderValue = request.getHeaderValue(PRIVATE_KEY); // 5
if (privateKeyHeaderValue == null || privateKeyHeaderValue.isEmpty())
throw new WebApplicationException(getUnAuthorizeResponse(PRIVATE_KEY + " is missing in header")) // 6
try {
provider.jwTokenHelper.claimKey(privateKeyHeaderValue); // 7
} catch(Exception e) {
if (e instanceof ExpiredJwtException) {
throw new WebApplicationException(getUnAuthorizeResponse(PRIVATE_KEY + " is expired"));
} else if (e instanceof MalformedJwtException) {
throw new WebApplicationException(getUnAuthorizeResponse(PRIVATE_KEY + " is not correct"));
}
}
return request;
}
private Response getUnAuthorizeResponse(String message) {
return Response.ok(BaseResponse.FAILURE, message
).status(Response.Status.UNAUTHORIZED)
.type(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.build()
}
}
Let’s go through the logic behind the implementation.
1. The JwtCustomToken is just a JAX-RS name binding (think of it’s as a CDI interceptor binding), so it’s just an annotation that binds to a filter. We’ll see that how to create JwtCustomToken annotation in a couple of minutes.
2. Priority for user authentication. You can read more about other priorities in this link.
3. The filter method is invoked at runtime whenever a new request came.
4. If the path of the current request is authorization_service then we simply return the ContainerRequest immediately because at here our client trying to create a new privateKey. Also in here, we don’t need to check that user added the Jwt token inside the header request or not.
5. Gets the HTTP Authorization header from the request (the privateKey).
6. If privateKey is not added inside the header of the request then we simply throw WebApplicationException with a message (privateKey is missing in header).
7. It validates the token (privateKey) using the Jwt library. If the token is valid then, in the end, we simply return the ContainerRequest and if it is not valid or token expires WebApplicationException thrown with a specific message.
The following shows the code snippet for JwtCustomToken annotation class.
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@NameBinding
public @interface JsonTokenNeeded {
}
Issue a json web token (Jwt) or privateKey
Now we have a filter that checks that the privateKey is passed inside the HTTP header. But how is this token issued? Here comes our JwTokenHelper class which create JJwt token based on user’s username and password also claims the token.
public class JwTokenHelper {
private static JwTokenHelper jwTokenHelper = null;
private static final long EXPIRATION_LIMIT = 30;
private Key key = Keys.secretKeyFor(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256);
private JwTokenHelper() {
}
public static JwTokenHelper getInstance() {
if(jwTokenHelper == null)
jwTokenHelper = new JwTokenHelper();
return jwTokenHelper;
}
// 1
public String generatePrivateKey(String username, String password) {
return Jwts
.builder()
.setSubject(username)
.setSubject(password)
.setExpiration(getExpirationDate())
.signWith(key)
.compact();
}
// 2
public void claimKey(String privateKey) throws ExpiredJwtException, MalformedJwtException {
Jwts
.parser()
.setSigningKey(key)
.parseClaimsJws(privateKey);
}
// 3
private Date getExpirationDate() {
long currentTimeInMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
long expMilliSeconds = TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(EXPIRATION_LIMIT);
return new Date(currentTimeInMillis + expMilliSeconds);
}
}
Below is the explanation of the above code.
1. In here we set few claims for Json Web Token. Add the username and password, set expiration date for privateKey and sign in with SignatureAlgorithm.HS256.
2. Validating the key with Jwts parser. If the key is not valid then the method throws MalformedJwtException and if it expires then it throws ExpiredJwtException.
3. This is the method which sets that the privateKey is only valid for the next thirty minutes.
Now that we’ve all part’s, let’s put them together and run our application. In this article, we only see the configuration by extending ResourceConfig instead of a web.xml file.
public class MyResourceConfig extends DefaultResourceConfig {
public MyResourceConfig() {
super(HomeApiService.class);
Map<String, Object> maps = new HashMap<String, Object>();
maps.put(ResourceConfig.PROPERTY_CONTAINER_RESPONSE_FILTERS, CORSFilter.class);
maps.put(ResourceConfig.PROPERTY_CONTAINER_REQUEST_FILTERS, JsTokenFilterNeeded.class);
setPropertiesAndFeatures(maps);
}
}
The DefaultResourceConfig class is itself an extension of JAX-RX Application class and also provides some convenience methods like setPropertiesAndFeatures to register our filters. Now in our MyResourceConfig constructor, we define a Map<String,Object> that will hold our resource and response filters and later set maps to ResourceConfig.
Run your rest Service
To run your web application paste the following code snippet inside your main method and afterward run the application like you run a simple java program.
public static void main(String[] args) {
ResourceConfig resourceConfig = new MyResourceConfig();
try {
// change with your application ip and port address.
GrizzlyServerFactory.createHttpServer(URI.create("http://000.000.000.000:xxxx"), resourceConfig);
System.in.read();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
Closing Up
In this article, I just wanted to show you how easy it is to issue and validate the Json Web Token with JAX-RX. Anything which I miss in this article please let me know via comment.
What’s next
Thank you for being here and keep reading…
Author
I’m a mobile product devsigner (i.e. I consider myself as both a developer and a designer) and user experience/interface engineer. I’m an expert on the Android platform and have been recognized as it by the community.
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Talk:Corina Abraham
Custodian of ...
The article currently says
Should this be "custodian of ... land ..."? If so, which land? Mitch Ames (talk) 08:03, 3 April 2016 (UTC)
* it more parallels "Professor of Maths at UWA.." therefore its doesnt say land nor does it define any specific place because a custodian is more, its cultural, its spiritual, its mythological, its ancestral, its the whole of life, its the past, its the future, its about sharing from the past and into the future, about protecting and singing what has been and what will/could be, it handing on to the future that which has been handed on through time. Gramatically it could drop the word people because Noongar means people but then it would lose meaning for most people who wouldnt understand that Noongar is an adopted word of english, that has been given a narrow definition but in its origin language it has a broader more generic meaning. Gnangarra 11:16, 3 April 2016 (UTC)
* I've added a citation - the letter to the PM says "I’m ... a custodian of the Whadjuk Noongar people". Mitch Ames (talk) 13:14, 3 April 2016 (UTC)
Proposal to trim Opposition to Roe 8
I suggest that the current wording of Corina Abraham is excessive in its quotations from and coverage of the contents of the letter to the PM, and appears to be non-neutral and advocating Abraham's stance.
I propose that it should be cut back to:
Note that this removes two sentences that were (and still are) the subject of an earlier disagreement:
* Whether Scott Ludlam's speech supports the statement about Rethink the Link. (my editreversion, discussion) - the current wording of that sentence doesn't mention Abraham's involvement at all. (Perhaps we need to reword that sentence so it does describe her involvement, and then keep it.)
* Whether the government deregistered sites "to facilitate the necessary approvals for the Roe 8 project" my edit, reversion, discussion) - that degree of detail is not necessary in article about Abraham (not Roe 8)
* except that is what Abraham said in her letter to PM that was read out in Parliament, and is quoted inthe article. Gnangarra 14:08, 22 May 2016 (UTC)
* Abraham's letter says:
* Registered sites which were previously enlisted and documented for national record according to the Aboriginal Heritage Act., have now “all of a sudden” been deregistered, and taken off The Department of Aboriginal Affairs, registered sites registry.
* I believe if you took a short time to read the documented historical recorded factual information, which is readily available. You will start to question the process and the manipulating, disrespect and lack of cultural respect to the custodians and direct descendents of the Beelier Whadjuk Noongars, the actions our West Australian Government took in ensuring this project gets the necessary Federal funding and approvals it requires to complete Roe 8
* She says that "you will ... question the process ..., the actions the WA Govt took ... to complete Roe 8", but she does not explicitly state that the sites were deregistered to facilitate Roe 8, and so nor can we.
* If she, or any other source (perhaps the "documented historical recorded factual information, which is readily available"), explicitly states that the govt reregistered the sites to facilitate Roe 8, please quote the relevant passage. Mitch Ames (talk) 12:46, 23 May 2016 (UTC)
Perhaps some of the material I propose removing can and should be included under Perth Freight Link (subject to WP:UNDUE, WP:SOAPBOX, WP:POV), but I think it's WP:UNDUE here. Mitch Ames (talk) 11:45, 4 April 2016 (UTC)
* the sites deregistered are the very basis for the writs, as a Noongar custodian/elder she was consulted in the previous assessment about those sites, the fact that the previous assessment had established her authority as a Noongar custodian of the area that they failed to consult her as part the new assessment meant the processes and act requirements werent upheld. Gnangarra 10:12, 17 May 2016 (UTC)
* The article is about Abraham, not about the site or the legal process of Roe 8. While it is appropriate to mention her opposition, and the letter, I think that the current wording is excessive in this article. As I suggested, much of the material about the site should be moved to Perth Freight Link, which is now linked from Abraham's article.
* If "the sites deregistered are the very basis for the writs", perhaps an appropriately sourced statement to that effect should be added to Corina Abraham. Mitch Ames (talk) 14:05, 17 May 2016 (UTC)
* the other I dont think that its reasonable to reword something and then complain about what it doesnt cover and suggest it be removed. By all means be bold but throwing out a sea of blue links not related to it just appears to be stacking the deck to make your point appear justified. Gnangarra 10:18, 17 May 2016 (UTC)
* I'm not sure exactly what you're alluding to here, but presume that you're referring to my previous edits, your reversions, and subsequent discussion, as per the bullet points under my "Note that this removes two sentences that were (and still are) the subject of an earlier disagreement" above.
* I deliberately mentioned those (with links, so it's clear to other editors exactly what edits I'm talking about) because I don't want to be seen to be trying to re-apply my earlier deletions "by stealth". I still assert that Ludlum's speech does not support the statement about the "Rethink the Link" group, and that no reference states that the government "removed these sites from the record to facilitate the necessary approvals for the Roe 8 project", for the reasons that I've previously stated at User talk:Mitch_Ames. If the consensus is that we should not significantly trim the "Opposition to Roe 8", in particular if the relevant sentences stay, then I will request other editors' opinions about those specific edits. However, independently of those specific smaller edits, I still think that the entire section needs a serious pruning (which would then make my original edits unnecessary, which is why I have not continued the discussion about those original edits). Mitch Ames (talk) 14:05, 17 May 2016 (UTC)
* Roe 8 project has been controversial for a long time, there have been disputes and protests over protecting the area that date back to before Farrington road went through. I dont see any issue with undue here because that is exactly what Corina believes and is fighting for undue is about balance to play down or not report her position would undue. To give a glowing assessment of Roe 8 in an article about an opponent of the project is undue. Gnangarra 10:30, 17 May 2016 (UTC)
* I don't think my proposal is "playing down" or "not reporting" her position - it's stating it clearly and neutrally, without the excessive detail that I think belongs elsewhere, in an article/section that is now explicitly linked to. (I've updated my proposed version above to include the link.) My proposed new wording is not "a glowing assessment of Roe 8". Mitch Ames (talk) 14:05, 17 May 2016 (UTC)
thx
tweet with cropped pic Victuallers (talk) 15:32, 24 May 2016 (UTC)
RfC: Opposition to Roe 8
Should the "Opposition to Roe 8" section be shortened to the proposed new version? Mitch Ames (talk) 06:58, 29 May 2016 (UTC)
I suggest that the current wording of Corina Abraham is excessive in its quotations from and coverage of the contents of the letter to the PM, and appears to be non-neutral and advocating Abraham's stance. Previous discussions about this section:
* Talk:Corina Abraham
* User talk:Mitch Ames
I propose that the section be replaced with the following: (Note that this version has been expanded since my original proposal.)
--
* Discussion
* Support change This is a concise, neutral summary. AtHomeIn神戸 (talk) 02:09, 30 May 2016 (UTC)
* Support change - Agree with above user. To avoid WP:UNDUE the section should be condensed while still accurately reporting what is covered in reliable sources. Meatsgains (talk) 02:06, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
* Support section trim. New version is concise. This will probably need expansion in the medium term, however. I would also suggest incorporating other views into this, such as those held by Albert Jacob or Peter Collier. Best, FoCuS contribs ; talk to me! 13:05, 2 June 2016 (UTC)
* "...incorporating other views into this, such as those held by Albert Jacob or Peter Collier" — I suspect that it might be more appropriate to expand Perth Freight Link, possibly by adding a "controversy" or "opposition" (or similar) sub-section, and then add (for example) to Corina Abraham. Wikipedia does need more material about the Roe 8 "fight" (balanced, neutral, with view points from all sides), but the bulk of that material should be in Perth Freight Link or a separate Roe 8 article, not in Corina Abraham. Abraham is a player in the drama, but by no means the only one. Mitch Ames (talk) 14:38, 2 June 2016 (UTC)
* Support change - As noted above it's concise, – Davey 2010 Talk 11:24, 15 June 2016 (UTC)
The Supreme Court has rejected the challenge
As first posted by at the WA wikiproject page, the Supreme Court has rejected Abraham's challenge. The published decision is here; the table of contents starts on page 5. To sum it up very briefly, the Judge found that Main Roads consulted with Cockburn Aboriginal Advisory Committee (CAAC) through its Chairman, Rev Sealin Garlett, and there was no requirement for them to consult with Abraham personally, either in her role as a custodian for her people, as a co-chair of the CAAC, or as an individual with a personal connection to the land. The basis for this is mainly covered in pages 25-33. AtHomeIn神戸 (talk) 00:14, 25 August 2016 (UTC)
* I've inserted the relevant link to the WA wikiproject page into 's post above. Mitch Ames (talk) 11:48, 25 August 2016 (UTC)
* I've updated the article (also Perth Freight Link). Mitch Ames (talk) 09:06, 27 August 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
User:Ihatehigh2
North High School Bakersfield Notable Alumni Ken Barnes
Ken Barnes won the first of his eight career individual World Championships by taking the .410 bore title in 1966. It was only the seventh perfect score of 100 x 100 shot up to that time with the .410. At the 1967 Western Open Championships, he broke the first perfect 400 x 400 score in history using four gauges at one shoot, and is still the only shooter to do so with pump action shotguns. Between 1966 and 1969, Ken captured eight individual nationwide high averages for the year, five of which were world records at the time. He was the first shooter to carry a 99% all- around average for the year, and again, the only to do so with pump guns. Ken was selected to the Sports Afield Magazines's All-American Team 12 times between 1966 and 1978, and selected team Captain twice. Between 1966 and 1969 he won 12 individual California State titles, including the All-Around four consecutive years. In 1974, Ken won his second world .410 title with his ninth perfect score with the Winchester Model 42 pump gun. . .seven more than anyone else in history. That gun is enshrined at the National Skeet Hall of Fame in San Antonio, Texas. After winning the 12 gauge title in 1975, Ken became one of only five shooters at the time who had won a world title in each gauge. Ken was inducted into the National Skeet Shooting Association Hall of Fame in 1979, and the Bob Elias Kern County Sports Hall of Fame in 1973. He is also a charter member of the California Skeet Hall of Fame. For the last 30 years, Ken's only competition has been at the event named for him annually at the Kern County Gun Club. Born and raised in Bakersfield, Ken was introduced to skeet shooting in 1962 by his friend Pete Lokey, owner of Westchester Bowl. His first registered target shot at was declared lost because he had left his safety on. Ken and his father built and operated the tire store on the Garces Circle in Bakersfield where he is remembered for putting up the "Big Indian" in the 1960's. During the mid 1970's, he managed the gun department at Vincent's Sporting Goods, and then entered the Real Estate profession until his retirement in 2012. Ken feels very fortunate to have the shooting career he had, and credits the support of his family and friends. He and his wife Loretta still live in Bakersfield and are blessed with five children and eight grandchildren.
northhighathleticshof.com Bob Elias Hall of Fame nssa-nsca.org nssa records annual | WIKI |
Page:A History of Banking in the United States.djvu/319
the United States Bank here, Humphreys & Biddle, have an immense stock on hand, and are daily receiving more. * * * The policy of delaying the resumption of specie payments in the South, whatever be the morals of it, has undoubtedly realized $10 millions to the United States that would have been thrown away here. Recollect I do not approve of any banks going into commercial operations; but our banks were forced into that position by an overruling emergency, and the doctrines held forth and violently persisted in by the Barings and their agents in New York were narrow, selfish, suicidal, and destructive to southern interests and southern property." "Humphreys & Biddle will make large profits by their commissions; the Bank will lose." Ten days later the same correspondent wrote that the buyers and sellers of cotton differed greatly as to price. Humphreys & Biddle were carrying an immense stock, and the spinners were only buying for immediate needs. In September the report was: "Cotton is offered in abundance and prices are supported in a remarkable manner; holders not submitting to any decline."
In October, the New York "Journal of Commerce" said: "A large part of two cotton crops has now been exported by incorporated banks. It was well for them, perhaps, to come forward at the moment of extreme panic eighteen months ago—for there seemed to be no other means of moving the produce of the country. But their interference extensively with the last crop was of very questionable propriety, and their further interference now ought to meet the most determined resistance."
"The Bank of the State of Alabama has already announced its intention of dealing in cotton again, and on a plan which is especially objectionable. That bank has already so mismanaged its affairs as to throw the State into great difficulty, and if it is suffered to go on, the credit of the State and its merchants cannot be resuscitated. Specie payments will never be facilitated in this way."
The plan was put forth by the Branch at Tuscaloosa, apparently as an improvement on the scheme which the Mobile Branch had published in the previous January. It was dated August 29, 1838; proposed that cotton should be sent to the warehouses, the warehouse receipts being taken as vouchers; shipments at the expense and risk of the owner; to be made only to agents of the bank at Mobile, New Orleans, New York or Liverpool; sales to be made in four months. The owner must give for advances a bill at nine months with two endorsers; differences to be adjusted, if in favor of the bank, by a bill running not beyond the following February 15th. No advance was to be made for more than twenty-five per cent in excess of the value of the cotton when it was received; all exchange to inure to the shipper, the bank taking only one and one-half per cent. commission (later one per cent.). Advances might be made before the delivery of the cotton if the citizen was in danger of having his property sacrificed. If he will give proof of solvency, | WIKI |
An attempt to make neovim cli functional like an IDE while being very beautiful, blazing fast startuptime ~ 20ms to 70ms
You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
siduck 54b3649324 update tg group link in readme 2 weeks ago
.github update tg group link in readme 2 weeks ago
lua rm title option 2 weeks ago
.gitignore Add .luarc.json to .gitignore 2 months ago
.stylua.toml set shiftwidth to 2 | format all files 4 months ago
LICENSE Initial commit 2 years ago
init.lua install binaries from mason.nvm & tsparsers automatically after nvchad install 3 months ago
.github/README.md
NvChad
Showcase
( Zoom in the screenshot )
What is it?
• NvChad is a neovim config written in lua aiming to provide a base configuration with very beautiful UI and blazing fast startuptime (around 0.02 secs ~ 0.07 secs). We tweak UI plugins such as telescope, nvim-tree, bufferline etc well to provide an aesthetic UI experience.
• Lazy loading is done 93% of the time meaning that plugins will not be loaded by default, they will be loaded only when required also at specific commands, events etc. This lowers the startuptime and it was like 0.07~ secs tested on an old pentium machine 1.4ghz + 4gb ram & HDD.
• NvChad isnt a framework! Its supposed to be used as a "base" config, so users could tweak the defaults well, can also remove the things they dont like in the default config and build their config on top of it. Users can tweak the entire default config while staying in their custom config (lua/custom dir). This is the control center of the user's config and gitignored so the users can stay update to-date with NvChad's latest config (main branch) while still controlling it with their chadrc (file that controls entire custom dir)
Theme Showcase
Images (Click to expand!)
main themes radium radium radium
(Note: these are just 4-5 themes, NvChad has around 27+ themes)
Images (Click to expand!)
Nvim-tree.lua
Fast file tree:
Telescope-nvim
A fuzzy file finder, picker, sorter, previewer and much more:
Indent-blankline.nvim
Adds indentline:
Our own statusline written from scratch
NvChad UI
Tabufline (our own pertab bufferline)
Nvim-web-devicons
Lua fork of Vim Devicons which offers more file icon customisability:
Nvim-treesitter
NeoVim Treesitter configurations and abstraction layer. We mostly use this for syntax highlighting. The pretty syntax highlighting you see in all of our screenshots has gotten possible due to treesitter
Plugins list
History
• I (@siduck i.e creator of NvChad) in my initial days of learning to program wanted a lightweight IDE for writing code, I had a very low end system which was like 1.4ghz pentium + 4gb ram & HDD. I was into web dev stuff so many suggested me to use vscode but that thing was very heavy on my system, It took more ram than my browser! ( minimal ungoogled chromium ) so I never tried it again, sublime text was nice but the fear of using proprietary software XD for a linux user bugged me a lot. Then I tried doom-emacs which looked pretty but it was slow and I was lost within its docs, I tried lunarvim but too lazy to read the docs. Doom-emacs and lunarvim inspired me to make a config which is the prettiest + very fast and simple.
• I'm decent at ricing i.e customizing system and making it look pretty so I posted my neovim rice on neovim subreddit, my neovim-dotfiles github repo blew up and then I had to come up with a name, I was amazed by the chad meme lol so I put NvChad as the name, the chad word in here doesnt literally mean the chad guy but in the sense such as chad linux vs windows i.e meaning superior, best etc. NvChad was made for my personal use but it gained some popularity which inspired me to make a public config i.e config usable by many and less hassle to update as everyone's going to use the same base config (NvChad) with their custom modifications (which are gitignored so that wont mess up), without the custom config stuff users would have to keep a track of every commit and copy paste git diffs to manually update nvchad.
💝 Support
I'm (@siduck) really very sorry to remove the previous charity links but I had to do it for various reasons. A lot has been going here regarding financial issues and I do need some support if it's possible from your end. I haven't graduated yet and it would be great to earn some stuff as that'd help me with daily minor expenses. If you like NvChad and would like to support & appreciate it via donation then I'll gladly accept it. Dont worry! NvChad will still stay alive & active without your donations! I will remove the sponsor button and re-add the charity links once I get a job, probably a year or two.
kofi paypal buymeacoffee patreon
Credits
• Elianiva helped me with NeoVim Lua related issues many times, NvChad wouldn't exist without his help at all as he helped me in my initial neovim journey!
• @lorvethe for making the beautiful NvChad logo. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Arif999999
He is General Secretary of the Indian Youth Congress, the youth division of Indian National Congress. In March 2015, he got elected as General Secretary Of Indian Youth Congress BANGALORE district, after completing his first term as Assembly President of Jayanagar Assembly, Indian Youth Congress. | WIKI |
I’m going to keep saying this (updated)
First, for those who don’t know me, I’m the guy that comments and cheers on 98%+ of purple ring posts. I’m xxxx all in GME, 100% DRS. I’m on here many hours a day every single day. I love encouraging and helping others. 🦍💕🦍. If you have questions or concerns, please comment or PM me and I will have, or find, the answer for you. Every single reply to this will get a response.
My biggest worry about DRS numbers is that once all apes who are going to DRS do so, the CS account high score will completely stop growing (except for apes still acquiring multiple accounts), and then our DRS total will only increase by the amount of shares existing DRS apes are adding. Then, instead of our numbers growing by 3-4M per month, they will only grow by maybe 500k per month (educated guess). At this reduced rate, it would take several years to lock the float!
#This is why these 3 things are CRITICAL!! :
1. The **word about DRS** and GME fundamentals needs to be spread to the masses **outside of Reddit**. If every ape would just try to reach 1 other person outside of Reddit each day, the float would be locked in no time! Twitter, FB, real life, etc. EVERY APE can do this and can start now!!!
2. Apes with money tied up in **other investments could convert those to GME and DRS**. Consider trading in your “other investment” now. It’s the perfect time before the markets tank. Even IF both squeeze, only GME has a turnaround plan that can launch MOASS.
This could also include taking the tax hit or DRSing your IRA if you can. **IRA DRS new link :**
https://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/sh5cy1/how_to_drs_rollover_simple_traditional_and_roth/?utm_source=share&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;utm_medium=ios_app&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;utm_name=iossmf
3. Apes with shares in brokers that will not DRS, such as **Etoro and T212 : think about selling and re-buying elsewhere!!** They don’t have the shares anyway, so selling hurts nothing! Please don’t trust your millions to a broker that won’t DRS! Read your TOS.
Great comment from u/mia6ix :
“Shorts aren’t closing positions voluntarily, for one thing. Their whole plan was to never close, and they sure aren’t doing it at $100 or even $50/share. For another thing, shares held in eToro aren’t even traded on the real market. Their TOS makes that clear. Apes who “own” shares at these so-called brokers that won’t allow them to DRS are stuck with a position that probably isn’t even real, and will likely be force-liquidated at the first hint of MOASS. If all those apes dumped these crappy brokers and re-bought shares on the open market AND DRSed them, we’d have the float locked and some real buying pressure, finally.”
Credit u\Life_is_Good22…**GREAT** new video to share with Joe Public! : https://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/smf7y1/retirement_accounts_are_giant_ponzi_schemes_why/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=ios_app&utm_name=iossmf
More detail about how I know #1-3 are so critical :
There is nowhere near 700,000 of us on Superstonk and other GME subs. The vast majority of ‘accounts’ are dead/dormant accounts. I think it would be generous to say there is even 250,000 apes here.
On the subject of the number of CS accounts … yes, the high score account number being 1243xx (sorry I can’t wait on the high score guy) means there are 124,300 account NUMBERS. However, there are many apes with 2 or more CS account numbers. I’ve spoken to many apes that have 3-6 different account numbers! This is exactly why roid_rage_smurf (DRSBOT guy) has added the new CSX feature. PLEASE support this! **Simply go back to your original CS post and comment:**
**!DRSBOT:CSx!**
where x is the number of different CS account numbers you have.
**Important: do this even if you only have 1 account or even if you posted long ago.** Otherwise no data is entered for you and if mostly apes with multiple accounts report, it will skew the CSX data higher/DRS total lower. Help spread the word. You can see in the comments section of each purple circle post whether someone has yet to report CSX number.
After collecting data from the first **1300** apes that submitted a CSX number, the number of accounts per ape is 1.36. This reduces the 124,300 CS accounts based off of the high score to actually 91,397 “unique ape-CS accounts”. (Maff=124,300/1.36)
This is why BOT and CS.net numbers were so far off from GameStop’s earnings release number of 5.2M on October 30!!
#91,397 x 160.49 = 14.6M shares DRS’d.
This is the current number of accounts per high score 124,300 adjusted/divided by 1.36 because of apes with more than one account, multiplied by DRSBOT average shares per ape:
You can already see on u/stopfuckingwithme ‘s high score post graphic, that the rate of new CS accounts over time is substantially dropping. (Not reducing for CSX), **Only 10,000 high score accounts were added in January versus 17k in Dec, 15k in Nov, 34k in Oct.!!! And now only 4300 in half of February!!**
Next, all too often I see posts using ~33M as the float, but I’m convinced that is wishful thinking. Existing shares of ~75M minus insider shares of ~12M (even IF all of those are registered) = 63M shares that probably need to be DRS’d. Do you really think hedgies can’t use NON-DRS shares (institutional, mutual fund, and ETF) to continue their manipulation?!? So, even IF there are actually 250,000 apes on Reddit, the average number of shares per ape would need to be 252 to lock the 63M. Obviously this will take a much longer time to accomplish. Even if we DRS 5M shares every month from October 31 2021 forward, it would take us until the end of the year to DRS the 63M shares.
This post is meant to be purely motivational and encouraging. I think if and when GameStop releases the CS numbers as of January 29 in their March release, we will be lucky to be at 16M. Don’t wait for that number. Get off your butt and spread the word to the masses outside of Reddit NOW!!! and DRS your max! I don’t trust any broker now. I certainly won’t trust them not to screw us over during MOASS and/or when they’re facing insolvency. Would you put $50M in a bank account in your neighbor’s name? Then why would you leave your GME in the DTCC’s name?! I don’t say this to scare anyone, I say this because I love you and want you to get your tendies.
#Changing the world is what’s at stake!!
**BE THE CHANGE!!**
Edit: I barely understand Twitter. If I can do it, you can do it! A couple of my tweets have received over 100 views each. Here is text of one as an example for others to use:
“#DRS Direct Registration of your Shares takes them OUT of the criminals’ hands: DTCC, Short hedgefunds, MM/market manipulators, and puts them in YOUR name. No more lent shares! #GME #Superstonk”
For newer apes, please check out computershared.net by u/jonpro03.
#TLDR: DRS your max! Spread the word.
#LOCK THE FLOAT!!!
🦍💕🦍 | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Debates in the Several State Conventions, v3.djvu/371
.] and checks, and break into the business of treaties? He is obliged to support this opinion of his, by supposing that the checks and balances of this Constitution are to be an impenetrable wall for some purposes, and a mere cobweb for some other purposes. What kind of Constitution, then, can this be? I leave gentlemen to draw the inference. I may have misunderstood the gentleman, but my notes tell me that he said the House of Representatives might interfere, and prevent the Mississippi from being given away. They have no power to do this by the Constitution. There will be a majority against it there also. Can you find on the journals the names of those who sacrifice your interest? Will they act so imprudently as to discover their own nefarious project? At present you may appeal to the voice of the people, and send men to Congress positively instructed to obey your instructions. You can recall them if their system of policy be ruinous. But can you in this government recall your senators? Or can you instruct them? You cannot recall them. You may instruct them, and offer your opinions; but if they think them improper, they may disregard them. If they give away or sacrifice your most valuable rights, can you impeach or punish them? If you should see the Spanish ambassador bribing one of your senators with gold, can you punish him? Yes, you can impeach him before the Senate. A majority of the Senate may be sharers in the bribe. Will they pronounce him guilty who is in the same predicament with themselves? Where, then, is the security? I ask not this out of triumph, but anxiously to know if there be any real security.
The gentleman here observed, what I would not give a single pin for. The doctrine of chances, it seems, will operate in our favor. This ideal, figurative doctrine will satisfy no rational people. I have said enough to answer the gentleman as to retaining the navigation.
Give me leave to tell you that, when the great branch of the house of Bourbon has guarantied to us this right, I wish not to lean on American strength, which may be employed to sacrifice it. This present despised system alone has reserved it. It rests on strong grounds—on the arms of France. The honorable member then told us that he thought the project would not be revived. Here, again, the doctrine of chances is introduced. I will admit that the honorable | WIKI |
Page:Pekinese Rhymes (G. Vitale, 1896).djvu/90
beginning of only one girl and it ends with two. That shows the song is not complete and every cart is supposed to be occupied by a girl. 花大姐 hua1 ta4 chie3, lit. "a flowery elder sister" means, a beautiful and well dressed girl. It is also said in the same sense 花妞兒 hua1 niu1'r. 丁香 ting hsiang, clove, very small feet are compared to grains of clove.
A big cart has overturned ― a small cart has overturned ― and a very beautiful young lady has fallen out of one ― (and another young lady has fallen too ) ― with a red petticoat ― and a green overcoat ― with feet as small as grains of clove ― they drink wine one in front of the other ― and really are very much like two sisters. | WIKI |
1947 All-Big Six Conference football team
The 1947 All-Big Six Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Six Conference teams for the 1947 college football season. The selectors for the 1947 season included the United Press (UP).
Backs
* Bas Ensminger, Missouri (UP-1)
* Ray Evans, Kansas (UP-1)
* Jack Mitchell, Oklahoma (UP-1)
* Forrest Griffith, Kansas (UP-1)
* Ron Norman, Iowa St. (UP-2)
* Webb Halbert, Iowa St. (UP-2)
* George Brewer, Oklahoma (UP-2)
* Ed Quirk, Missouri (UP-2)
Ends
* Otto Schnellbacher, Kansas (UP-1)
* Mel Sheehan, Missouri (UP-1)
* Jim Tyree, Oklahoma (UP-2)
* Jack Pesek, Nebraska (UP-2)
Tackles
* Wade Walker, Oklahoma (UP-1)
* Chester Fritz, Missouri (UP-1)
* Hugh Johnson, Kansas (UP-2)
* Carl Samuelson, Nebraska (UP-2)
Guards
* Don Fambrough, Kansas (UP-1)
* Paul Burris, Oklahoma (UP-1)
* Norman Anderson, Iowa St. (UP-2)
* Dave Schirmer, Kansas St. (UP-2)
Centers
* John Rapacz, Oklahoma (UP-1)
* Tom Novak, Nebraska (UP-2)
Key
UP = United Press | WIKI |
A Chord Vanishing Into Eternity: The 8 Best Classical Music Moments This Week
THAT DECISIVE MOMENT In addition to reviews, features and news published during the week, our critics and reporters collect the best of what they’ve been hearing: the notes that sent shivers down their spines, the memorable voices, the set changes that left them breathless, the quotations that cut to the heart of the story. Read the rest of our classical music coverage here. ‘I PURITANI,’ FEB. 10 An obnoxious moment during the premiere of the Metropolitan Opera’s revival of Bellini’s “I Puritani” came at the conclusion of the stirring final ensemble: a rude bel canto buff indignantly shouting “No high F!” at the great tenor Javier Camarena. As written in the score, the tenor’s line indeed lifts to a near-impossible high F, probably sung quasi-falsetto in Bellini’s day. Like most tenors, Mr. Camarena, tweaking the phrase, dispatched a high D flat that was glorious enough for me — and for (almost everyone in) the audience, which cheered him wildly. ANTHONY TOMMASINI Read our review of “I Puritani,” at the Met Opera through Feb. 28. NEW YORK PHILHARMONIC, FEB. 15 Right from the start, Mahler’s First Symphony offers potentially transcendent moments ripe for the plucking, none more so than Mahler’s ethereal quotation of his own art song, nostalgically meditating on a linden tree, that punctuates the third-movement funeral march. The Philharmonic’s excellent performance of the work at David Geffen Hall, led with temperament and passion by Manfred Honeck, peaked in that passage, with muted strings laying down an exquisite carpet for the song of the oboist, Liang Wang. (The program repeats on Saturday.) JAMES R. OESTREICH We reviewed Mr. Honeck’s recent concerts with the Philharmonic, including a performance of Ravi Shankar’s concerto “Raga-Mala” (“Garland of Ragas”) and a program of Richard Strauss’s Oboe Concerto and Beethoven’s “Pastoral” Symphony. THE BRENTANO QUARTET, FEB. 15 Benjamin Britten’s Third String Quartet, completed in 1975 during his final illness, ends not with an autumnal reflection but with a childlike question. At least that’s the way it came through in the Brentano’s rapturous performance, the first of three programs devised by the pianist Jonathan Biss exploring composers’ late styles. During this transfixing moment, a passacaglia theme trailed off amid gentle pizzicatos; then the music settled into a questioning final chord. Britten seemed to be asking,“What now?” ANTHONY TOMMASINI ORCHESTRA OF ST. LUKE’S, FEB. 16 It must have been just the striking effect that Pablo Heras-Casado was going for when he programmed Lutoslawski’s “Musique Funèbre” to open the St. Luke’s concert at Carnegie Hall, leading into Brahms’s “A German Requiem” without interruption. Lutoslawski’s densely dissonant funereal music dissipated into isolated notes on a lone cello, which were then subsumed in the enveloping warmth of Brahms’s consolatory opening. JAMES R. OESTREICH METROPOLITAN OPERA, FEB. 15 “It sort of undoes, I guess, one of the blunders of my tenure,” Peter Gelb, the Met’s general manager, told me in an interview while describing the more traditional new “Tosca” production coming to the company next season. “Tosca” battles have raged since Mr. Gelb replaced the Met’s opulent 1985 Franco Zeffirelli production with a darker one by Luc Bondy in 2009. This is a skirmish in a larger war pitting fans of traditional stagings against those who crave modern reinterpretations. At stake: how opera can reach new audiences without antagonizing old ones. MICHAEL COOPER Check out the highlights from the Met Opera’s 2017-18 season. IGOR LEVIT, FEB. 10 Beethoven’s “Diabelli” Variations end with a fugue, then a minuet. In between: a series of chords, each left to resonate a bit in space, charting the journey from the aggressive high spirits of the fugue to the courtly minuet. While he is poised in this moment on his recording of the work, Mr. Levit played it live in Zankel Hall with far more mystery and a hint of despair. The chords didn’t resonate so much as vanish, one after the other, into eternity, an effect somehow simultaneously consoling and utterly terrifying. ZACHARY WOOLFE Read our review of Mr. Levit’s recital. Then delve into his favorite page from Beethoven’s “Diabelli” Variations. IL POMO D’ORO, FEB. 14 Hushed violins and teardrop-like notes from an archlute evoked the “reign of tears” into which Eurydice has been thrust in Antonio Sarto’s “L’Orfeo,” one of several Venetian rarities from which the splendid period-instrument ensemble Il Pomo d’Oro presented love scenes for a Valentine’s Day program at Zankel Hall. For one moment, the voice of the soprano Emoke Barath, normally plush and warm, turned weak-kneed and faint — a reflection of the artful dimming of tone that the mezzo Giuseppina Bridelli, as Orpheus, had used to color her character’s descent into the underworld. CORINNA da FONSECA-WOLLHEIM IGUDESMAN & JOO, POSTED FEB. 14 “You have the Lang Lang setting,” Aleksey Igudesman declares, flipping an invisible switch on the back of the “Chinese pianist clone” he has pulled out of a cardboard box in a new sketch posted this week on the comedy duo Igudesman & Joo’s YouTube channel. The clone looks uncannily like the star pianist Yuja Wang and, after some fiddling with its control panel, plays like her, too, but on the Lang Lang setting, “it” delivers a few bars of Chopin deliciously heavy on rubato and ceiling-gazing demonstrations of ecstasy. CORINNA da FONSECA-WOLLHEIM | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Author:Esther De Berdt Reed
Works
* The Sentiments of an American Woman, 1780
Works about Reed
* The Women of the American Revolution/Esther Reed by Elizabeth F. Ellet | WIKI |
Talk:Kshama Sawant
collectivizing Amazon.com
The claim that she supports collectivizing Amazon.com has shown up here and in a few blog posts and a Forbes article. Each of these claims cite a single Stranger article, Goldy's "The Case for Kshama Sawant," as their primary source. Problem is, that article doesn't really support the claim. The relevant text of the article is ""Sure, if you really push her on the subject, she'll make a cogent economic argument for, say, collectivizing Amazon, so I guess there's that.""
This is pretty ambiguous. He doesn't name a specific time, place, or context. It sounds like he's just making up an example of some hypothetical argument. I can't find any other mention of or reference to her speaking about wanting to collectivize Amazon. I suspect that the reporter may have confused 'collectivize' with 'unionize', since unions are also called 'collective bargaining' and she does explicitly discuss unionizing Amazon.com on her web site. I suggest this claim doesn't belong on wikipedia until we get corroboration.
* It seems pretty straight forward to me. Goldstein was discussing which of her beliefs where outside the mainstream of Seattle politics and then gave an example of one such belief he prompted out of her. This is much more probable than Goldstein making a contextual hypothetical about a particular corporation without identifying it as being a hypothetical and just leaving it up to the reader to infer it. As you've said, it's been knocking around for some time and the Sawant campaign has made no comment or correction, something that's happened with several other things rather briskly. GraniteSand (talk) 01:51, 15 November 2013 (UTC)
* She clearly states on her website that she supports collective bargaining (unions) for Amazon but doesn't say a thing about collectivizing anything. Collectivizing a major corporation is a radical position, wildly so in comparison to her other, stated positions. The cited source is extremely ambiguous: I read Goldy's rather off-the-cuff remark as stating that she could, 'when pressed', explain the socialist argument for a more radical agenda, for example collectiving Amazon. That's not the same as supporting it herself. There exists no reference to her support of collectivizing Amazon other than Goldy's remark. I think you're doing her a disservice by claiming she supports collectivizing Amazon without a more definitive reference: can you provide any? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 05:41, 16 November 2013 (UTC)
* If you read the context of the article that was Goldstein's point, that she wasn't campaigning on radical positions but, as a Marxist, she holds some. Sawant has been very open in her criticism of privately held corporations and has advocated for the dismantling of capitalism. Barring any evidence that the specific example of the collectivization of Amazon was a fabrication or him putting words in her mouth I don't see why it should be treated as such. GraniteSand (talk) 05:58, 16 November 2013 (UTC)
* It's a good point, but the page detailing her positions that is being used as a source here doesn't say she is in favor of collectivization (a pretty specific social concept). The text actually says, "Unionize Amazon, Starbucks & low-paid service workers." A very different prospect. The Strangler article, while explicitly mentioning collectivization, seems (in my opinion) to be offering a hypothetical, especially when, in the paragraph before, the author says, "there is nothing particularly radical when it comes to the core of Sawant's councilmanic agenda." I think the line should be struck from the article until a better, more explicitly-stated source is found.Ljpernic (talk) 00:15, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* I suppose I can only reiterate that it was Goldstein's entire point that the positions she were taking in her Council campaign were not inherently radical but that she holds views that are. He then provided a specific example (her making the economic argument for collectivizing Amazon) that falls in line with the positions she taken on the record, criticizing the private investor ownership of corporations. I'm unsure a more logical way to read the passage. The passage in the article is a verbatim reflection of that portion of the article. To project hypothetical hypotheticals onto the passage doesn't make sense to me. GraniteSand (talk) 00:56, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* Since she just won, she'll be getting more attention, and her wikipedia page will be the first line of information about her. This 'collectivizing Amazon' line is getting her a lot of negative attention. That's fine if it's unambiguously her position, but in this case it's clear that rational people can disagree about the reading of the Goldy sentence. Given the contentious nature of the claim and the fact that rational people disagree with your reading, isn't it better in an encyclopedia article to err on the side of caution and wait for additional sources? (My earlier comment unsigned, sorry) Bencmcclain (talk) 02:34, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* No worries, of course, but the grammar of the sentence, it seems to me, is pretty clearly hypothetical: "Sure, if you really push her on the subject, she'll make a cogent economic argument for, say, collectivizing Amazon, so I guess there's that." If you push her on the subject, she will argue for collectivizing Amazon. Not to get all grammatical on you, but it's a first conditional sentence (type 1 if-conditional, if you are more familiar with that terminology). Its purpose is to express a likely hypothetical. Like a presidential candidate saying, "If you elect me, I will lower taxes," or a parent saying, "If you do not go to bed, I will feed you to a bear." These things haven't happened, but the second case will follow from the first, so long as the first is met. He doesn't say, "When I pressed her on the subject, she argued for collectivizing Amazon." He says that in the hypothetical case that you (a word also used hypothetically) push her to talk about it, she will argue in favor of it. Definitely not a declaration that she has argued in favor of it, though. Seems like a pretty scant source to include such a radical statement. In my opinion it fails the requirements regarding biographies of living people. What do you think of this line of reasoning? Ljpernic (talk) 02:37, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* Sorry, I was replying to GraniteSand. I think you are correct, though, Bencmcclain. Better to err on the side of caution in this case.Ljpernic (talk) 02:38, 17 November 2013 (UTC) Ha. Accidentally said "air on the side of caution." In my defense, it is almost 4 am.
* That still hinges on the idea that Goldstein is creating a fictitious scenario which requires, if I may say so, some rather tortured revision of intent. There's also nothing radical about a Marixist advocating such and I very much doubt it could be considered libelous in this context, the general rule for incontestable removal of such BLP material. Maybe a third, outside opinion? Most people here seem displeased with its inclusion but there's also seems to be a selection bias. I've stated me case as well as I can so I'll just let it run its course unless solicited. GraniteSand (talk) 02:50, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* I would be fine with 3rd opinion, though I'm not sure this discussion quite qualifies (since there are three of us who have weighed in already!). Probably that is okay, though. In my personal opinion, I don't find it too outside the realm of possibility that someone writing about a Marxist candidate would posit that the person would support collectivization without the person coming out and saying it. That being said, the single source also makes mention that none of her policies are particularly radical (in the grand scheme of things -- not just for a Marxist), so the inclusion of her advocating the collectivization of one of the largest companies in the country, which in mainstream politics would be rather radical, seems suspect to me. Do modern Trotskyists in general favor collectivization? I'm no Marxist, so I can't be sure.Ljpernic (talk) 02:59, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
Maybe the Dispute_resolution_requests/DRN would be a more appropriate place? Not that we are in too big of a dispute. I just thought since three people have already weighed in?Ljpernic (talk) 03:04, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* I wouldn't want to let the tenor of the reception of something in some circles determine whether or not it should be included here. I can assure you, there are quite a few people in widely divergent communities who have responded quite positively as well, a fact equally irrelevant. It should stay or go based on it's contextual validity and veracity. I've stood by both and I'd disagree with its removal. I'm sure the issue will be raised again with her at which point we can change or update the entry, depending on the result. GraniteSand (talk) 02:42, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* I agree that the issue will undoubtedly come up again (I've emailed Goldy and posted on his article for clarification) but it's important to be accurate now. Again I think that if rational people disagree that's sufficient cause to temporarily remove it from the article, but I admire your staunch defense of your reading. I'm about to make a change to that line, I hope you think it's fair. Bencmcclain (talk) 03:01, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* I think it's a form of hedging which I don't care for; it attracts doubt and conflict. It also seems out of place, which it is. I'd rather it be provisionally removed until a reasonable time has passed or the author responds. I appreciate your initiative in emailing the author. Maybe it will be the impetus for more references to candid conversations, who knows? If he doesn't post the response on the web would you host the email somewhere? GraniteSand (talk) 03:17, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* Sure, I'll post when he replies. Kshama supporters appreciate all your hard work on this article! Bencmcclain (talk) 03:32, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
I'm going to eat some crow now. I still think that Stranger article was equivocating and misleading, but after some searching I found much more substantial corroboration. The Internet Archive captured her website on July 27 2012. At that time, her platform explicitly stated that she wanted to collectivize not just Amazon but also Boeing and Microsoft: ""Break the power of Wall Street and Corporate America! Take the giant corporations that dominate Washington state such as Boeing, Microsoft, and Amazon, into democratic public ownership to be run for public good, not private profit."" I'll revert to GraniteSand's version and add a citation to the archived version of her website. Bencmcclain (talk) 06:48, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* That's a really astute find, I'll work it in. I do hope that Goldstein gets back to you either way, I'm interested to know. Either way I'm happy we could get it from the source. GraniteSand (talk) 06:53, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* Oh wow, good job, guys. This is how wikipedia should work. Good find, Bencmcclain, and thank you both for being civil. I wonder if she would still support democratic public ownership of these groups? It will be interesting to see if she makes another statement about it. Thanks again for the hard work -- Ljpernic (talk) 12:27, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
Undue weight and attribution
To add to my comments below, we should consider WP:UNDUE in relation to the collectivization issue. Sawant campaigned heavily on a simple 3-point platform, not on this. She stated clearly that she was not campaigning on a takeover of any corporations; it is only an opinion that she holds. This should be mentioned in the article because multiple sources discuss it, but again, it is mostly focused on by critics. We should explicitly attribute the emphasis on collectivization to her critics. The actual agenda she campaigned on should be given the greatest weight. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 17:16, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* I'm perplexed by this sentiment. All of the mentioned assertions are categorized into their individual categories. You are correct that her campaign for City Council had a very streamlined policy platform, the section on that campaign reflects that platform. Her advocacy of nationalizing corporations is given a single sentence in the section treating her overall past political advocacy. As for it being the potion of her campaign platform for the Washington State House and part of her overall political philosophy which attracts the most negative attention from her critics is entirely irrelevant in regard to whether or not it is included here. As far as I am aware it's not something she shrinks from nor is it something she's ever made any effort to distance herself from. I suspect you may be viewing this article as a biography of a generic, contemporary American progressive instead of a proud and unabashed Marxist economist who ran and won office as a socialist. GraniteSand (talk) 19:44, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* I'm viewing this article as a BLP that must be in compliance with Wikipedia policy. The source say one thing, this article says something else. The article must hew closely to the sources, and not contain any original research. It must not give undue weight to anything not given proportionate coverage in good sources. Any potentially negative or controversial information must be well sourced, in secondary sources, not primary sources. Primary sources must be used with great caution. There's nothing new here: this is the most fundamental fact about the way Wikipedia writes about living persons. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 20:09, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* Sawant clearly identifies herself, without ambiguity, as a Marxist in the sources used. Marxism is a specific sub-sect of socialism. Her previous campaign platform included nationalization and is briefly mentioned in the appropriate section. I remain unconvinced by your argument. GraniteSand (talk) 20:18, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* I wonder, User:Dennis Bratland, when you say that the source says one thing and the article says another, could you be more specific? I don't think anyone here needs a review of "the most fundamental fact" of biographies on wikipedia. I agree with what you are saying about giving weight to the agenda on which she campaigned, but after an intensive discussion yesterday, we agreed to include the single line about collectivization, given that her old campaign page mentioned it. It is, of course, a primary source, but a pretty unambiguous one. Hardly seems like original research. Ljpernic (talk) 20:52, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* It's true that her position on collectivizing Amazon has generated a great deal of negative attention which all cited a single source, which was why I initially called into question the reliability of the original Stranger article. But we then found corroborating evidence that showed it was explicitly part of her public campaign platform just a year and a half ago. You want an encyclopedia article to only emphasize a politician's most recent campaign positions, and de-emphasize more contentious positions that they have unambiguously campaigned on in the past, haven't retracted, and which have received a lot of attention? That would be unreasonable. Bencmcclain (talk) 01:36, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
Removed
I removed the nationalizations mention and the housing stuff here. There's no actual independent secondary sources, just in order, (1) her campaign page; (2) her own campaign page; (3) an interview with her and (4) another interview with her. There is zero evidence that independent secondary sources actually care about this issue, just that she's brought it up. This is especially important for a politician so that the page isn't just parroting her campaign. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 08:49, 26 January 2016 (UTC)
* I undid you edit with a summary stating I didn't see the rationale on the talk page. Obviously I found it now. For future reference, please put new sections at the bottom of the page or properly format them. You could have also simply added your comments to the existing relevant section. The material in question was brought up in a secondary source. The question became what was the context of the attributed statements, which was resolved by Ben when he found the primary source. Googling would have easily produced additional examples. GraniteSand (talk) 04:10, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* This should have been a subheader of above. Those sources don't mention Amazon at all, and no mention of nationalization beyond the Boeing rally. And I'd hardly call this a reliable source. It's an issue of WP:UNDUE weight on which actual issues are relevant in a biography about her. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 04:15, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
Editorializing and using the word choice of critics
Biographies of living persons takes a very strong view that we should error on the side of caution when including criticism or negative information about living persons. So when I go to see if any sources support the use of the words "Marxist" and "Trotskyist" to describe Sawant, what I find is that the vast majority of reputable sources use the word "socialist", not Marxist. None of the mainstream, reputable sources mention Trotsky, or if they do only rarely. On the other hand, I do see many references to Marx and Trotsky in attack pages, and the use of Marxist or communist in lieu of socialist. I can understand the point of view that these words are synonyms, or at least mean very close to the same thing. But sometimes these words mean distinct things. And it's clear from the way the sources use them that one set of word choices is used by critics and another by neutral sources.The bottom line is that Wikipedia must conform to the tone and attitude of the most neutral sources, and when there is any doubt, negative information must be avoided unless it is very well sourced. I checked four cited sources which supposedly supported calling Sawant a Marxist, and not one used the word. It appears likely that there is a negative slant at work in some of these word choices, and therefore we should be certain we cite high quality sources before echoing the critics of a living person. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 16:44, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* All references to Trotsky(ism) and Sawant being a Marxist are referenced by primary sources in inline citations. Sawant is a Marxist. She is a member of a Trotskyist political party and she frequently references both her Marxist politics and Trotsky. I'm sure she would be amused to see your characterization of those positions as being critical or negative. She ran on a ticket as a generic socialist, as documented and referenced in the article, but not all socialists are Marxists and not all Marxists are Trotskyist. GraniteSand (talk) 17:18, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* Please actually review the sources before deleting the material they source. Also, I'd appreciate if you don't template bomb my talk page. Thanks. GraniteSand (talk) 17:21, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* The fact that you have to go digging into primary sources is our first clue that this is original research. The BLP policy takes special note of this problem at WP:BLPPRIMARY: Exercise extreme caution in using primary sources. The version you've created violates the principle of least astonishment and it suprises readers with it's tone and language. The public looks at the news and reads story after story about this socialist in Seattle, and they come to Wikipedia and find socialist changed to Marxist. That is original research and POV pushing, and it violates the policy that BLP's must use extreme care with any controversial or potentially negative information. The bar is set much lower than libel.The only reason this article can even meet notability is that Sawant has received national attention for being a third party socialist. Look at the news headlines: 100+ news stories in a day, and the headines say Richard Conlin Concedes: Seattle Elects Sawant As First Socialist Councilmember, Socialist Sawant wins City Council seat. Etc. Etc. But Marxist? Barely five hits and they're all blogs, and opinion pieces, and the reason you even get hits for "Marxist" is because Google News is including reader comments.Responsible, mainstream, neutral sources all say "socialist". They don't drag Trotsky into it. Why? Because these terms evoke turn of the century, Soviet authoritarian communism. And even if we didn't know that, we do know it's our job to faithfully relay what our sources say, not embroider, enhance, or spin what we find in the sources.I think it would be fine to cite reputable critics who are saying "Sawant calls herself a socialist but she's really a Trotskite Marxist and she's hiding it..." Such editorials exist, but we must attribute them as opinions.Please explain why it's so necessary to deviate so far from what the vast majority of quality sources say. Why do you want to change "socialist" to "Marxist"? --Dennis Bratland (talk) 20:05, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* I feel that you're projecting your own emotional response to the language here onto her and her entry. There is nothing about citing primary sources where Sawant says "I'm a Marxist" to make the claim that she is a Marxist which could be construed as original research. I almost feel that your trying to strip Sawant's own identity as a Marixist from her because you feel that some might respond negatively, which is troubling understanding of BLP. As for Google, I'm not at all surprised that the media is slow on the uptake here, they've deliberately ignored her and now that she has won an election they, and many others, are scrambling to figure out who this person is. That's what's being done here with reliable secondary sources and using primary sources of her own words. I hope you can help instead of attempt to scrub material people could find to be shocking. GraniteSand (talk) 20:13, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* Your unwillingness to stick closely to what reliable sources have said is clear evidence of POV pushing. You think the media got it wrong, and you're using Wikipedia to set the record straight. We don't do that here. We humbly relay what we find in good sources and let others uncover the "truth". --Dennis Bratland (talk) 20:25, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* I don't see how my direct quoting of her can't possibly be construed as POV and I regret your accusation. Everything here reflects the sources and I've made my case. I hate errands to run so I'll retire for now. Cheers. GraniteSand (talk) 20:29, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
You guys need to deescalate a little bit. Take a breather. The article as it stands now clearly identifies her as a socialist. It only uses the term Marxist once, with two citations to speeches. She self-identifies as a Marxist at 0:47 into the video (so, the very beginning). Primary sources can be problematic, but in this case, there is no room for misinterpretation, so per PRIMARY, I would favor including the term. (Relevant text from WP: "A primary source may only be used on Wikipedia to make straightforward, descriptive statements of facts that can be verified by any educated person with access to the source but without further, specialized knowledge.") She's pretty clearly a Marxist. As for her being a Trotskyist, she is a member of the Socialist Alternative, which, to my understanding, is a Trotskyist political organization. My opinion is that these labels are appropriate and not over-used.Ljpernic (talk) 21:03, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* It's less than convincing that you have to find YouTube videos where you find one brief sentence where she sometimes uses an off-the cuff phrase like, "socialist or Marxist" in passing, loosely using the terms as equivalent, while on the other side you have dozens and dozens of instances of her using socialist, not Marxist. And 135 or so news stories that only say socialist. GraniteSand agrees that Marxists are a subset of socialists; so saying socialist is accurate. The fact that the overwhelming majority of sources, including Sawant's own words and publications, prefer socialists is evidence that there is a nuanced difference and socialist is preferred. All of these are reasons why the least controversial term is socialist. The most straightforward term is socialist. She was ran on the Socialist Alternative, not Marxist Alternative ticket.If somebody thinks the most accurate term is Marxist, that somebody should be a published expert and we should attribute that opinion to them by name. Simple. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 21:13, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* This helps me understand the root of your apparent confusion. Marxism and socialism are not in any way mutually exclusive. They're independent terms. It is analogous to a Republican or Democrat identifying themselves as a libertarian. To identify Republican or Democrat as a libertarian of any sort in no way undercuts their status as a Republican or Democrat. Sawant is a Marxist. Sawant is also socialist. GraniteSand (talk) 21:24, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* No worries, of course, but it isn't really an off the cuff phrase. She says, "And so I'm an economics teacher at Seattle Central Community College, which is a very odd profession for a Marxist to be an economist in today's world." I can't really speak to her preferences, of course, but it's funny -- I would have honestly said that Marxist is the less controversial term. Generally in the US, the only time I hear someone call someone else a socialist, it is as an insult! (Of course, I'm also from the South, so it could be a regional thing?). Also, I'm not sure I agree with your point that she "ran on the Socialist Alternative, not Marxist Alternative ticket." The Socialist Alternative is a Trotskist organization (I believe, any way), and Trotskyism is a form of Marxism... So she did indeed run on a Marxist ticket. You might be able to make the argument that it is redundant to include both Marxist and Trotskyist, but honestly, it seems like we should use the most specific term (which in this case, I guess, would be Trotskist). Using the generic term "socialist" is less specific, and therefore less accurate. For the purposes of the article, though, it seems to me that Marxist and socialist are equally valid here. Ljpernic (talk) 21:29, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
I've removed the term "Marxist" from the intro because it wasn't supported by the listed references. I think that the best way to address this issue is to somehow cite the speech inline and note that shes happens to identify specifically as a Marxist and leave it at that. This allows for the inclusion of the statement without putting it at the forefront of the article which simply cannot justify with the given sources. John Reaves 21:37, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* I support your change to the lead but don't feel there's any need for changes to the body of the article. Her references to being a Marxist are not confined to a single instance and it's instructive to the reader. I don't generally like the sort of hedging that comes with in-text extrapolation on the nature of sources. It makes for tortured reading and I feel that it's either good enough to cite or not and anyone who wishes to review the source may do so in the notes. GraniteSand (talk) 21:44, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* First you tried to claim that all the other editors were happy with this page, and that I was the only one with complaints. Then somebody else comes along, and you edit war with them too. Please stop. Seek consensus and proceed after that.--Dennis Bratland (talk) 23:55, 17 November 2013 (UTC)
* An analogy that might help explain why the Marxist label is a problem is if you consider a Republican whose statements indicate they are in agreement with the agenda of the Tea Party subset of the GOP. If an article about that politician places too much emphasis on that, repeatedly calling them a "Tea Party Republican", the indication is that they are a rigid ideologue who will not compromise, even with other Republicans. Some Republicans are explicitly members of the Tea Party and all that implies, but others balance their beliefs with the "big tent" strategy.Sawant clearly is positioning herself as a socialist, not strictly a Marxist, so that we can't infer that she is unwilling to compromise with non-Marxist socialists. Going beyond what the mainstream sources say and changing "socialist" to "Marxist" is misleading because it leads the reader to think she rejects other forms of socialism.Perhaps she does -- some critics have accused her of being a rigid ideologue who will attempt to impose a one-sided agenda. Or that she is doomed to being ineffective because she won't compromise with anyone. But those criticisms must be attributed by name to the critic in question, because the mainstream, objective sources don't label her that way. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 00:03, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* She calls herself a Marxist. She literally says that she is a Marxist. That doesn't have anything to do with her willingness/unwillingness to deal with other forms of socialism. Why would her ascribing to Marxist ideology mean that she would be unwilling to compromise with other socialists? And why would that be relevant when she literally calls herself a Marxist?Ljpernic (talk) 00:16, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* Repeatedly? She is identified as a Marxist once, in the section covering her political advocacy. I'm unsure what you mean by "positioning herself". Could you elaborate on what this means and why it should affect the way we edit her article? You've made several references to how things could come off and now you're talking about how she politically positions herself in elections. This all very much sounds like your concerned with the optics of her politics to readers instead of fidelity to her and her politics. GraniteSand (talk) 00:56, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* She literally calls herself socialist about 100 times more often than Marxist, and our best sources go with that. We follow sources. We don't "correct" our sources with our own opinions. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 00:31, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* Which is why you'll see the term socialist often in this article. This is not a reason to forgoe identification of her specific political philosophy, especially one in which she has repeatedly identified and campaigned on. Your insistence on excluding her overt identity as a Marxist is trending toward the bizarre. GraniteSand (talk) 00:56, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* John Reaves removed references to Marxism because the citations failed to support them. C.J. Griffin added a quote showing Sawant supports Democratic socialism, a much broader, more flexible system than Trotskyism or Marxism. Are we all so bizarre? Are are we just following the general sense of best sources? --Dennis Bratland (talk) 01:12, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* You're the only one who is advocating the removal of the descriptive from the article. And, again, Marxism and socialism and not mutually exclusive. GraniteSand (talk) 01:15, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* I agree that Marxist is a less accurate label than Socialist and should not be highlighted in the same way. She belongs to the Socialist Alternative party and clearly prefers to self-identify as a Socialist rather than a Marxist. (Not that they are mutually exclusive, but both terms are floating signifiers anyway.) Unlike the collectivizing Amazon issue which had received a lot of attention and needed to be included and resolved, there's very little sources that discuss her Marxism. It would be really bad if new secondary sources start referencing her Marxism solely because of its inclusion in this article, since that would make Wikipedia a primary source. On the other hand, I'm not convinced that GraniteSand over-emphasized the Marxist label enough to constitute POV-pushing, so that was unfair, and burying the term she herself used solely because it evokes "turn of the century" negative connotations is highly inappropriate. It's not like it's a false claim. How about create a subsection for her economic policies and reference Marxism with appropriate emphasis there? Bencmcclain (talk) 02:04, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* I'm curious how that would look. Could you provide a draft or example? Forgive my presumption but if you need help setting up a draft page let me know. GraniteSand (talk) 02:22, 18 November 2013 (UTC)he
* I'd like to see this implemented, it sounds like a good solution here. John Reaves 04:00, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* The article is already mostly about various opinions expressed at different times which have nothing to do with her City Council campaign. The only reason she is notable is that she was elected to the Seattle City Council. Why so much time spent on things that are totally outside the scope of her office? She's spent the last several months campaigning on city issues related to her actual office. The press has reported on city issues. She has endorsement questionnaires where she discusses zoning, transit, the Seattle Police department, schools, etc. Local Seattle issues, not how we should abolish borders and institute a world government or some other far off dream.It would be fine to include this other content, but only after giving due weight to the more important things: city council business, and the campaign she ran which defeated a scandal-free, well-liked, well-funded incumbent. That's the real story: how did this third party socialist succeed where so many others failed? WP:UNDUE requires expanding that first and these ancillary background details later.Until the relevant content is expanded to proper proportion, the less pertinent material should be left out or kept on a workpage or this talk page until a properly balanced article can be written. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 04:14, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* This is a biography, not an article about her City Council Campaign. GraniteSand (talk) 04:57, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* That is incorrect. Please read Biographies of living persons. "BLPs should not have trivia sections ... Do not give disproportionate space to particular viewpoints; the views of tiny minorities should not be included at all ... The idea expressed in WP:Eventualism – that every Wikipedia article is a work in progress, and that it is therefore okay for an article to be temporarily unbalanced because it will eventually be brought into shape – does not apply to biographies. Given their potential impact on biography subjects' lives, biographies must be fair to their subjects at all times ... Ask yourself whether the source is reliable; whether the material is being presented as true; and whether, even if true, it is relevant to a disinterested article about the subject..." I could go on and on and on. From beginning to end in the BLP policy it makes clear that balance is paramount. You are not allowed to just dig up every random fact and stitch them together and call it a biography. It must be on topic, relevant, and balanced. The live article must be in this state, not some future version that may take months or years. This policy is not optional. Remove the ancillary material, expand the relevant parts to their full proportions, then put her opinions about non-Seattle issues back at that time. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 05:19, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* Exactly. Sawant is a academic and activist, what some would call a public intellectual. She's also a recently elected public official. Correspondingly, her biography centers on her political and academic beliefs in addition to her positions on public policy. GraniteSand (talk) 05:46, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* Yes, there is a place for all her political beliefs, However, the primary reason for her notability is her election to the Seattle City Council, and that is where most of our source material is found. Our sources tell us the main reason they think she's worth writing about is the City Council. We should organize this article in proportion to that.The Seattle Times has emphasized that they think 2 of the 3 points in her platform, the millionaire's tax and rent control, require changes in state law, so are above the office of City Council. Others disagree. But the criticism is that she lacks an effective agenda for how she will use her office, and will instead focus on telling other lawmakers what they should be doing. An activist, not a city council member. When you write an article that disproportionately focuses on ancillary issues and ignores the greater weight the press has given to her City Council agenda, then you surreptitiously spin the article in support of that criticism.This is why undue weight is so central to the BLP policy. What we choose to emphasizes colors the way the person is perceived. The structure of the article should be balanced, and the criticism that she is an activist working above her office should be stated openly and attributed. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 17:24, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* Her election to the Council alone would make her notable enough for an article but it's not the sole pillar of her notability. Much of her notability and coverage is driven by her politics in conjunction with her election to the Council which makes those politics central, not ancillary, to her biography. It's an historic set of circumstances in the United States. Additionally she was a central figure in Occupy Seattle, was a notable candidate for the House with a notable platform, and been an advocate in Seattle on education, environmental and financial issues, come of which she has been arrested for. Which reminds me, I need to dig up that source. GraniteSand (talk) 17:38, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* Can you back up that assertion? I see zero Google news hits for "Kshama Sawant" prior to January 1, 2012. I see a few hundred after. HighBeam has zero before 1/1/2012, and 48 after. General OneFile, same thing. Counting news hits is not a perfect instrument, but in this case the difference between zero and some makes it glaringly obvous that as an Occupy activist and community college teacher, nobody was writing news articles about her. Virtually all coverage is about her city council run. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 17:53, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* Sure her name wasn't popping up on search results in 2010/11 but we don't use Google results to determine notability, we use reliable sources. We also don't create chronology of notability by the publishing dates of secondary sources. By that metric Ted Kaczynski didn't do anything biographically notable before April of 1996 (sorry, poor association). We both know that's not how notability works, I would think. GraniteSand (talk) 17:59, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* Wrong again. We do sometimes use Search engine test to make broad generalizations, as I have done. "Raw "hit" (search result) count is a very crude measure of importance. ". In this case "crude" is fine because the results are so lopsided. The biggest problem with Google is that it may overstate Sawant's notability. I mentioned two other news databases that give exactly the same result. Zero news coverage about her for Occupy, or anything else. Your assertion that she was notable for Occupy is demonstrably false. Not one news story means no notability whatsoever. Out of 38 footnotes in the article right now, 35 are in response to her city council run, all from 2012 and later. Two earlier ones are academic papers by the subject, and one is a non-notable, non-reliable local blog post with an itinerary that includes her name and zero attention. The evidence is overwhelming.Kaczynski is a terrible example. At least compare Sawant to other local politicians.Other editors are doing good work in making this article somewhat better. Please do not undo their work as you have done up to now. The next step is to expand the City Council positions section to get it into proportion to the actual coverage. Right now there is 5 to 10 times as much content about other things than about her City Council positions, which deviates too far from our sources.--Dennis Bratland (talk) 18:22, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
NPOV tag
Well, there's a NPOV tag on the article now. User:Dennis Bratland has been a moving target of criticism for the past couple days now. He's tried and failed to get the article locked on his preferred version. He's tried and failed to undermine the legitimacy of uncontroversial primary sources, tried and failed to argue that Marxist and socialist are mutually exclusive terms, tried and failed to strip the article's subject of an identity she actively promotes, tried and failed to confine her biography to her City Council election and tried and failed to remove language from the article which he thinks might provoke a negative emotional response from some people. The other half dozen editors here have not support any of this so he seems to be concluding his lone dissension with tactic of muddying the waters with an NPOV tag.
I'm sure he'll have a different recollection but the history of the article seems pretty clearly laid out to me. If interested editors could weigh in here on this so as to quickly resolve this issue and remove the unilateral tagging of the article I would appreciate it. I've made my case on most of the respective issues. GraniteSand (talk) 19:02, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* I don't see it quite that way. Dennis has made some valuable points (though threatening on GraniteSand's talk page to revoke his ability to edit was unnecessarily aggressive). I agree with him that the political positions section is disproportionately long (right now it reads like a campaign questionnaire; subsections 3.4 and 3.5 should probably be dropped entirely), that more specific facts about the City Council race and why it's historically important are needed for balance, and that 'socialist' is a much more appropriate label than the weakly sourced 'marxist.' I also think that all parties may have been a little too quick with the reverts. But I disagree with Dennis that only Sawant's most recent campaign is relevant, since back in 2012 it seemed noteworthy to me at least that a socialist was on the same general election ballot as the president, even if she lost. I also disagree with Dennis's attempts to get the page locked. This discussion is vibrant and the article is progressing quickly, in large part due to GraniteSand's hard work. I think the NPOV tag should be removed if it has a chilling effect on new contributions to the article, but otherwise I'm fine with leaving it until a majority consensus emerges. Bencmcclain (talk) 21:12, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* Since WP:BLP requires this article be balanced now, not some indeterminate time in the future, I have moved the excessive details about non-city council issues to Talk:Kshama Sawant/Workpage, a complete copy of the article with the categories commented out. I consolidated the positions related to the city council campaign section (something that should have been done regardless) and temporarily removed the other opinions and positions. Anyone who would like to keep expanding that material can do so on the workpage. Once the city council positions section has been fully expanded to give it due weight, in proportion to the vastly greater press coverage of the city council race over everything else she has said and done, all the rest can be put right back in the article.This keeps us on the right side of the BLP policy and doesn't cause any serious harm. It is really not that hard to work up 3 or 4 more paragraphs about her positions in the campaign. In particular the 3 main points should be expanded, with some of the reaction from critics of her 3 points and her replies. See her Reddit AMA, for example, and various editorials. We've already established that the sources are there.If you want to revert, then put the POV tag back, and here we are. I think my compromise is a better way out. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 22:15, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* A recent example of a mainstream, straight news story (from a paper with a rightward editorial slant) that makes no mention of Marxism, Trotskism, nationalizing corporations, or any of these other hotbutton issues. Instead, it focuses on the minimum wage, and it takes at face value Socialist Alternative's stated approach of working with others to build a coalition, rather than being ideologically rigid. A neutral article would have a similar tone and similar emphasis as mainstream straight news articles, while only giving brief mention of sources that take a more sensationalistic approach. Sorry I haven't fixed this myself yet, but the NPOV tag needs to stay until someone does. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 04:34, 25 December 2013 (UTC)
* You immediately bring into question the comparability of your paradigm with the NPOV policy by labeling the editorial position of the Seattle Times as "rightward" and then attempting to tie that editorial board's supposed ideological inclinations to their news department. I very much hope I wouldn't need to reiterate basic tenets of this encyclopedia, such as the fact that we don't draw an article's content from a single source, with an editor as experienced as you. The idea that I'd even have to suggest such casts a lot of doubts. I also think you've very much misinterpreted the tone of that article. GraniteSand (talk) 07:17, 25 December 2013 (UTC)
Marxism and Trotskyism problem
The article fails to explain that she is not a "classical" Marxist (the original thought of Marx and Engels), but a Trotskyist.. The difference is really this, Trotskyism is a development (or officially, the continuation of) Leninist interpretation, and what many consider, development of Classical Marxist thought. Secondly, the word Trotskyist should be used instead of socialist. To take one example, a social democratic politician is a socialist, but you refer to him as a social democrat.. A communist politician is a socialist, but you call him a communist politician. Sawant is a socialist, but more specifically she is a Trotskyist politician. Why so precise? Because Trotskyism is a socialist ideology which some people consider the correct interpretation of Lenin's thought and its continuation... I haven't made these changes since there seems to be a discussion going on here. What am I saying? It would be factually more correct, and more neutral to call here a Trotskyist. --TIAYN (talk) 23:56, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* I'm totally aware of all of this and I sympathize with your points. The thing is that, while we have cites for Marxist and socialist, we don't for Trotskyist. She never actually made the declaration and no reliable secondary source identifies her, specifically, as such. She very deliberately ran as a generic socialist in a Trotskyist party with a generic name so that's what most of the secondary sources and campaign material have to say. As time goes on I have little doubt she'll get more specific and secondary sources will take greater interest. Until then we have to work with what we have. GraniteSand (talk) 00:02, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
* Actually you have an overwhelming majority of sources that don't say Marxist at all. They just say socialist. You really have to dig into primary sources to find the word Marxist mentioned, and then only in passing. We need to conform to what the almost all the best sources say: "socialist" and nothing more.<P>And we do not "have to work with what we have". We can -- and should -- remain silent when we have uncertainty like this in a BLP. Read WP:BLP; it's very clear. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 01:56, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
* She is a member of a Trotskyist organization that operates under democratic centralism. She simply wouldn't be allowed membership if she wasn't a Trotskyist. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:15, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
* Anybody can join Socialist Alternative. The sources that Wikipedia relies on don't call her a Trotskyist. It's something that is kept alive mostly in Internet forums and other open media -- like Wikipedia. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 03:23, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
* Yes, anyone can join. But as a Leninist organization, the CWI would not permit its members to break from its agreed theoretical position without a debate and vote on the issue. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:31, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
* Source? And how come you know this but virtually every other media source we have doesn't? --Dennis Bratland (talk) 03:35, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
* 'In Defence of Leon Trotsky', by their leader Peter Taaffe - http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/4097 <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:53, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
* What connection is there between Peter Taaffe of the Socialist Party of England and Wales and Socialist Alternative (United States)? This is becoming strained. Wikipedia is not here to dig out buried secrets. Wikipedia reports well-established facts. Particularly about living persons. The conspiracy stuff goes on other web sites. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 04:24, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
* Taaffe is the founder of the CWI and a member of its International Secretariat. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:41, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
* See WP:SYNTH. Stick to what the sources say about Kshama Sawant. It's that easy. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 04:44, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
* She's a member of the CWI, are you denying that? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:49, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
* Dennis is correct, this is original research in the form of synthesis. Everyone here understands your train of logic but the rules we operate under here say that assertions cannot be backed my putting two or more sources together to reach a conclusion not explicitly stated in those sources. Until such time that a reliable third party or the subject herself identifies as being a Trotskyist we simply cannot, by our own rules, label her as such. GraniteSand (talk) 05:31, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
First elected socialist in US?
Today's The Times of India headline states that Sawant is the "first elected socialist in the US". This appears at odds with the article lede. Incidentally, the last two paragraphs of the Times story appear to be lifted word-for-word from this article. — Brianhe (talk) 23:46, 20 November 2013 (UTC)
* No, she's not. There have been many socialists elected to office in the US. The lede doesn't explicitly say first in the US and headlines are often written by non-journos. Regardless, much of that article seems to be a poorly translated plagiarization of several various internet sources, including this one. The Times published it, the actual author of the article is PTI which is similar top the Associated Press in the United States. I'm going to review PTI sources and removed potentially controversially assertions backed only by them. GraniteSand (talk) 00:04, 21 November 2013 (UTC)
* ToI's "Indian activist poised to be first ever elected socialist in US", currently the article's reference #1, seems to have the same headline truthiness problem. But I can't tell if the author is reliable. — Brianhe (talk) 00:25, 21 November 2013 (UTC)
* Like I said, headlines and articles are seldom written by the same person to the same standard. The only assertion I see that backing is her place of birth in Pune. It seems non-controversial and from what I can recall something I never saw anywhere before finding it there, making it likely to be an original piece of information. I think it was subsequently mentioned in another non-TOI source but I'll have to look. I'm comfortable leaving it in but if you're not I won't object to its removal. GraniteSand (talk) 00:36, 21 November 2013 (UTC)
* Nevermind, I found a better source. It actually predates the TOI piece by some time so if the rest of the PTI articles are an indication it was probably Subject Zero. GraniteSand (talk) 00:47, 21 November 2013 (UTC)
* Unfortunately, this "first socialist" thing seems to be getting spread around, e.g. yesterday's New York Daily News: "...the first socialist to be elected to a public office in the US..." in the article body. This is from IANS and the biographical details are also suspiciously close to the wording in this article. I guess we'll just have to be vigilant about sources on this. — Brianhe (talk) 00:54, 21 November 2013 (UTC)
* Right, NY Daily didn't write that article, their website just published it off the IANS wire service, a competitor of PTI. Basically one of them fires something off, the other parrots it and then various internet publications publish both because nobody has international bureaus or actual staff writers anymore. Hoo-ray internet. GraniteSand (talk) 01:01, 21 November 2013 (UTC)
* Lame. First Rand Paul, now the Times of Inida? Whats the world coming to? I think they were trying to say first socialist + Indian-born to be elected in the US, but could never find the phrasing they needed. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 03:05, 21 November 2013 (UTC)
Hugh De Lacy
This edit removed the citation for the reference to Hugh De Lacy (politician), and the explanation for what it's about. So instead of saying, "The last socialist on the city council was A. W. Piper, who served 1877–1879, notwithstanding Representative Hugh De Lacy, said by historian Harvey Klehr to have been secretly a member of the Communist Party USA when elected to the city council in 1937" it only says "...notwithstanding Representative Hugh De Lacy."<P>If we're going to mention De Lacy we have to say why -- which is that he was secretly a communist, not a Democrat, which is what he was elected as. And we need to keep the citation no matter what. If we can't explain what his name is doing in this article, then we should delete him altogether. Making readers click through to try to figure out why we mention him is an WP:EASTEREGG.<P>I think it sort of does sound like red baiting but it's unavoidable. If we want to describe accurately the history of socialists on the City Council, we have to mention him, if only to clarify that the voters didn't pick a socialist in 1937. Only in 1877 and 2013. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 03:55, 22 November 2013 (UTC) <P> , I just tried a different wording. One way to avoid red baiting would be to frame the issue as related to the persecution of communists or socialists for much of the 20th century, as a barrier people like Sawant had to overcome. I agree the "secret communist" stuff smacks of red baiting, but it's also relevant so we should try to find a way to bring it in.--Dennis Bratland (talk) 16:31, 22 November 2013 (UTC)
* Why mention Hugh De Lacy at all? It seems to me to be a sneaky way to inject the right-wing viewpoints of anti-communist historians like Harvey Klehr into the article. The following should be removed: "notwithstanding Representative Hugh De Lacy, a Democrat whom historian Harvey Klehr said was secretly a communist when elected to the city council in 1937."--C.J. Griffin (talk) 22:06, 22 November 2013 (UTC)
* So if it's true then we can cite sources other than Klehr, and if it's not true then we'll remove it completely. We don't need to mention Klehr at all. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 23:59, 22 November 2013 (UTC)
* Klehr's personal feelings on the practicality of communism (which I'm not knowledgeable of) aren't relevant. He's either a reliable source or he's not and if he is then there is no reason to qualify the statement in the text of this article. De Lacy's article goes into greater detail and includes notes. If anyone is curious as to know more about de Lacy (or Klehr) they can follow the link. Having reliable sources establishing de Lacy as a very small group of Washington State politicians that Sawant is now a part of is contextually relevant and I see no reason not to include it here. As for red-baiting, we should be careful not to prescribe negative connotations to certain left-wing politics and then use that subjective standard to exclude information. What is red-baiting to one person is affirming historical precedent to another. GraniteSand (talk) 01:24, 23 November 2013 (UTC)
* I'd be persuaded either way: show me independent sources that show Klehr is unreliable and De Lacy was not a communist in 1937, then we should remove it. Or show me sources that say De Lacy was a member of CPUSA in 1937 and it should stay. There were a couple stores in the NYT that seemed to take Klehr at his word, though they were discussing De Lacy later in the House, not in the city council years. But surely there are other historians who can clear this up? --Dennis Bratland (talk) 16:51, 23 November 2013 (UTC)
* I removed it for now, because doubt exists, so might as well leave it out. If sources other than Klehr are cited saying he was a communist in 1937, it might be put back. What's important anyway is that in the cases of Piper, Strong, and Sawant, the public voted in a socialist, indicating the direction of electoral sentiment. Secreet allegiances are mere curiosities unless they are directly connected to some policy enacted while in office. De Lacy walked like a Democrat, talked like a Democrat, so what's the point? --Dennis Bratland (talk) 00:58, 1 December 2013 (UTC)
Separation
The whole question of separation and living apart from her husband had nearly zero attention in reputable media, and nobody had even thought to ask about her marital situation until it was made an issue in this source:. Barnett is one of Seattle's most erratic reporters even when she is attempting straight news, and the source here is purely editorial, not straight news. Everything else Barnett wrote at seattlemet.com throughout the campaign was pretty clearly pro-Conlin and the marriage story is basically op-research for the Conlin campaign. The point being, I don't think we have objective, non-partisan sources saying the subject's family status is relevant. We have hostile editorialists prying into private family affairs, but that doesn't meet the WP:BLP standards for respect of privacy. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 00:44, 1 December 2013 (UTC)
* Privacy in the realm of BLPs is largely confined to the sort of information that could be exploited for the purposes of things like identity theft, personal safety concerns, or things which could unfairly impugn a persons reputation, the latter being something already laboriously covered in other areas of BLP. There has been no assertion in the article as to the legal status of Sawant's separation from her husband. Barnett at Seattle Met did bring it up that her husband is a wealthy tech worker and questioned how this contextualized in her political platform. The Sawant campaign subsequently took up the topic and made several clarifying statements as to her marital status and its affects on her financial situation. These facts make it pertinent to the biography but benign to her actual person. I see no reason not to include her marital status in the article. I see no conflict with policy and it's in the interest to the reader, as made clear by the fact it is sourced as both a political and biographical issue. GraniteSand (talk) 07:13, 1 December 2013 (UTC)
* The first reason it is private is that Sawant stated that she preferred the issue not be public. The second reason is that only Barnett made it an issue. No reputable media agreed with her accusation that her husband's income was relevant, and therefore the question of separation is irrelevant. The fact that Sawant replied to the smears is not a free pass to treat the issue as encyclopedic. It never was in the first place. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 17:47, 1 December 2013 (UTC)
* Sawant's desire for her private life to remain private is irrelevant, Wikipedia deals with facts. And as a public official, her personal details are entirely relevant to the article. Jbottero (talk) 16:28, 21 October 2014 (UTC)
* "Wikipedia deals with facts" is a highly misleading thing to say in this context. It's basically false, if you're implying that just because something is a fact, we must put it into an article. Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of facts. It is more correct to say "Wikipedia is an encyclopedia". As an encyclopedia, there are many things Wikipedia is not, which is to say, there are many facts that don't belong. Please read the Biographies of living persons policy, in particular the section WP:BLPNAME emphasizes that non-notable family members should have their privacy respected. Wikipedia does not go out of its way to shine a spotlight on anyone's private life, no matter who they are. If we had sources which published intelligent reasons why Sawant's private life deserves more attention, then we could be convinced by those arguments. But "because it's there" or "because it's a fact" is not an argument, and the presumption is against throwing it in there without a purpose. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 19:11, 21 October 2014 (UTC)
NYT profile and socialist mayor Edwin J. Brown (1922)
Sawant was profiled in the NYT today, which mentions that Seattle had a socialist mayor in 1922. That would be Dr. Edwin J. Brown, a lawyer and dentist, elected in 1922, and re-elected in 1924. Brown was involved in a split of the Washington Socialist party in 1909, leading the right wing of the party to try to form a separate faction. The City Clerks records don't list Brown as a socialist.. Here is a think piece on Brown's career and election in 1922, attributing it to reaction against the incumbent rather than support of Brown, noting that Brown had as many enemies among the left as the right, and had a reputation as a gadfly. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 22:48, 29 December 2013 (UTC)
* Dr. E.J. Brown should be added at List of elected socialist mayors in the United States. Also found a 1911 election banner for some Brown who ran as a socialist but I can't read the first name: Here's another source for Dr. Brown as a socialist; he was involved in a Seattle paper called Socialist Voice — Brianhe (talk) 23:22, 29 December 2013 (UTC)
* One of the links above calls Brown a "sometime socialist" and Mill Town says in 1915, prior to the Everett massacre, "During an uproarios evening, Dr. Edwin Brown of Seattle, a dentist and a prominent moderate whom the state's radicals had excommunicated a few years before, came to Everett and told a large audience about the 'corruption' and 'trickery' oof the 'reds', including James Salter..." So I'm not entirely sure Brown was strictly a Socialist by 1922. The essay above also says the Seattle Union Record did not endorse him, but rather was silent. It also mentions that his dentistry advertisements were filled with (I presume hilarious) attacks on his many enemies, so we must write an article on this guy and get copies of his screeds. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 23:43, 29 December 2013 (UTC)
* On the other hand this says the Union Record did endorse him, and that he asserted his views in 1922 were unchanged from previous years. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 23:48, 29 December 2013 (UTC)
* I think if University of Washington Professor James Gregory and the New York Times staff writers want to call the guy a socialist, there would have to be pretty strong countervailing evidence not go go with it. — Brianhe (talk) 00:23, 30 December 2013 (UTC)
* Labor historian Harvey O'Connor too: — Brianhe (talk) 00:35, 30 December 2013 (UTC)
* Definitely he was a socialist for most of his career. But possibly by 1922 he had moved to the center and was a Democrat, maybe driven away by personal conflict with other socialists. Bertha Knight Landes became acting mayor when Brown left to attend the Democratic National Convention. Why did he attend? --Dennis Bratland (talk) 03:25, 30 December 2013 (UTC)
SOTU rebuttal
I think the SOTU rebuttal is worth including because it is evidence that Sawant is the most prominent Socialist in the US. The event received mention in several local media outlets, plus the HuffPo and various politics blogs. I wouldn't use this stuff in a notability discussion, but for purposes of whether it belongs in an article it seems sufficient (see WP:NNC). --Dennis Bratland (talk) 01:59, 24 January 2015 (UTC)
* Most prominent Registered Socialist would be more of an apt way to describe it, Bernie Sanders is a socialist and he is far more prominent than her. - SantiLak (talk) 02:00, 24 January 2015 (UTC)
* I'm not up in arms about it or anything but my edit summary pretty much covers my position. I see it as having no inherent biographical value so unless there is something demonstrably notable about the responses themselves I see no reason to include them. It feels like we're just advertising her speeches on the article at this point. GraniteSand (talk) 02:10, 24 January 2015 (UTC)
* I second argument. - SantiLak (talk) 02:18, 24 January 2015 (UTC)
* As I'm the one who added the content I of course agree with argument. It was notable enough for the Huffington Post, among other media outlets, so why should it be completely excluded here? HP is where I first read about it in fact. I would suggest restoring the content but removing the link to the speech on the Socialist Alternative website.--C.J. Griffin (talk) 16:24, 26 January 2015 (UTC)
* I recognize that it's been mentioned by someone writing at HuffPo but, as HuffPo is nearly user-driven content, that's a really low bar and even the provided reference doesn't actually make any assertion of notability. It simply mentioned that it happened and promotes a streaming embed. Maybe there's another ref out there which makes a case for why it matters and, if that's the case, I can live with a mention of the rebuttals in the "X did Y which Z" type format, where Z is the assertion of notability. GraniteSand (talk) 02:04, 27 January 2015 (UTC)
* Just to repeat, Notability guidelines do not apply to content within an article makes it very clear that the notability criteria don't apply here. Nobody is proposing writing a separate article on the SOTU rebuttal. The criteria are, Is it reliably sourced? Can we verify she gave the rebuttal? And is this something a reader ought to be aware of to get a complete picture of who Kshama Sawant is? If you had no idea that she has given these annual SOTU rebuttals, would you be ignorant of something important about Sawant? --Dennis Bratland (talk) 02:31, 27 January 2015 (UTC)
* You keep linking to NNC as if you believe I'm not familiar with our notability guideline, something, after all our previous interaction, I'd have thought impossible by now. Just because something can be verified as being true does not inoculate it from having to be contextually appropriate or discernibly notable. You misapplied this exact argument about her marital status a year ago. Wikipedia is not a soapbox, we don't exist to aggregate rhetoric. GraniteSand (talk) 06:11, 27 January 2015 (UTC)
* I think when you use the word "notable" in this context you should expect to reminded that this isn't a notability discussion. We don't add or remove any content from articles based on whether it's notable or not. A valid argument to delete content would be either that it's unverifiable, or that it's undue weight, or unencyclopeic (like a how-to manual, or directory) none of which I've heard here as reasons to remove the SOTU rebuttal. You said it has no biographical value because it's not "demonstrably notable", an irrelevant criteria for an article's content. Your edit summary asked if it's "independently notable". What is independently notable? Worthy of an independent article? Or what?<P>By the way, Bernie Sanders has been a registered Independent since 1979. Sawant is the most prominent Socialist in the US. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 06:24, 27 January 2015 (UTC)
* I would suspect that you can adequately use "meaningful" or even "relevant" as synonyms without any undue burden to my point. As I'm sure you're aware, this is one of the multitude of ways in which our notability guideline is infuriatingly parsed. By "independently notable" I mean as a uniquely discernible event, outside an overarching narrative, as it was prosaically treated as such. I'm not going to delve into the finer points of Sanders' political positioning as it doesn't much matter what we have to say on the subject, especially with so little to be had from sources in relation to the subject at hand. GraniteSand (talk) 06:36, 27 January 2015 (UTC)
Sources with links
On Wikipedia, sources don't have to have Internet links; they're nice, but it's not required in any way that a source be available on the Internet. It's bad practice to remove sources with broken links, rather than either removing the links, noting that they're broken or searching for a new link to the given material.
As a further note, the link for Sawant's graduate thesis is not actually broken - this works fine for me. NorthBySouthBaranof (talk) 08:18, 25 January 2016 (UTC)
* Agreed and thank you for the correction. As for her dissertaion, it also worked for me but it did not mention her family life. Raggz (talk) 08:58, 25 January 2016 (UTC)
* Perhaps but that's a clear primary source. I'm not seeing any evidence why that matters. Was it ever cited anywhere? Why is the Clark paper there as well? Is it important other than it exists? -- Ricky81682 (talk) 09:01, 26 January 2016 (UTC)
Removing citations inappropriately
Raggz, you need to slow way, way down on your removal of citations claiming they don't support the material in the article, because in at least one case that's clearly incorrect. In this edit, you claim the LA Times article cited does not support the statements about her family history, when it most certainly does. The linked source states '''When pressed to divulge more than just vote counts and policy planks, the reticent councilwoman-elect said her entire family still lives in India. Her mother, a high school history and geography teacher who retired as a school principal, lives in Bangalore, the capital of India's Karnataka state. Her civil engineer father was killed by a drunk driver when she was 13.''' NorthBySouthBaranof (talk) 08:29, 25 January 2016 (UTC)
* If you say this is true then I accept your claim Raggz (talk) 08:56, 25 January 2016 (UTC)
Ideological identification in the lead
I object to the ideological identification of Sawant in the lead sentence; as per Wikipedia style, it appears to be deprecated to include detailed discussion of a politician's particular ideology in the lead sentence of their biographies. See, for example, Rand Paul, Newt Gingrich, Hillary Clinton or Ted Cruz, all of whom are simply described as an "American politician" in the lead sentence of their biography. They are not called "conservative," "radical," "libertarian," "leftist," etc. Detailed discussion of ideological positions should be left to the body text of the article, and I object to its inclusion in this article. NorthBySouthBaranof (talk) 08:45, 25 January 2016 (UTC)
* I agree after some searching. Raggz (talk) 08:55, 25 January 2016 (UTC)
* I hacked at it a bit. The lede doesn't need her teaching history (and nowhere else!). -- Ricky81682 (talk) 08:33, 26 January 2016 (UTC)
Arrest section
Why is the 2014 arrest put in the Kshama_Sawant section while the 2012 arrest is in Kshama_Sawant? The Occupy at least provides context to it while the 2014 one doesn't. Also this article is severely lacking in actual dates which is pretty typical when the sources are largely primary sourced interviews by her. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 08:56, 26 January 2016 (UTC)
Self published sources and Sawant's positions
It's incorrect to delete sections about Sawant's positions merely because they are sourced to Sawant's own website and other self-published sources. The guidelines at WP:BLPSELFPUB proscribe a list of areas where we shouldn't cite material Sawant published about herself, but this is not one of them. The best source for Sawant's political goals, positions, talking points, agenda and so on is Sawant. Reputable criticism and comment is of course welcome (not rando bloggers, Tweets and YouTube though!).
Also, what's wrong with filling in the yawning whitespace next to the table with a map showing what parts of Seattle she represents? The districts are brand new, and lots of people aren't used to them yet. Sawant is often mistaken the "Capitol Hill council member", but her district is more complex than that. All the new districts span the traditional neighborhoods of Seattle in non-intuitive ways. I'd put the same map on any article for the rest of the Seattle city council district representatives. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 04:06, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* I still think this language should be removed. WP:SELFSOURCE is fine but this material is clearly self-serving (unduly self-serving I'd say). It's literally saying that a politician supports "expanding public transit and bikeways, ending corporate welfare, ending racial profiling, reducing taxes on small businesses and homeowners, protecting public sector unions from layoffs, living wage union jobs, and social services" directly from her campaign website. It's over the top to me and doesn't add anything but puffery. Why a map? I've looked at a number of politicial bios and I've never seen "here's a map of her district". It's helpful for the district itself, not for her. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 04:06, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* In politics, it's the counterpoint to other, more conservative, Council members who say they support "Families, economic growth, free enterprise, public safety, the American Flag, neighborhood autonomy and golden retrievers". Yes, these all sound like good things but which good things you put on your wish list and which you leave off is what sets a candidate apart.<P>Of course her district map is important -- who her constituents are and aren't is vital to a politician's career. I'll tell you why you don't see many of these maps: they're hard to draw, if you don't own an expensive copy of GIS software. With free tools, you have to go through an awkward conversion process to plot the boundaries accurately and overlay them on a map correctly. I'm getting the hang of it though, and with any luck I'll carpetbomb Wikipedia bios with electoral district maps. And why not? It fills in a big empty hole, especially since somebody nuked all the other illustrations for some bizarre reason. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 04:15, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* You really think saying that supports a end to corporate welfare quoting directly from her own campaign page isn't unduly self-serving? It's literally the most bland campaign issues commentary you can have. The issue is one of WP:UNDUE, what her campaign says is the issues she's fighting on is nice and all but I'd rather know what reliable sources say her campaign is about. The map I won't fight on, put all pictures of the entire district if you want, it's just odd to me. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 04:20, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* So it's self-serving because it's bland? If you want to reword the section I don't have any inherent objection but the signaling involved in both the language and the position is relevant. GraniteSand (talk) 04:24, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* It's not so simple. What corporate welfare comes from the Seattle city government? It's primarily a state and federal issue tax and subsidy issue. One of the most frequent knocks against Sawant, and one of the main points of attack from her last opponent, was that she was a super star, a national figure who was distracted from the pedestrian meat and potatoes tasks of being a city council member. Stop signs, snow removal, condo development. There's pretty much nothing on the Council agenda that would end corporate welfare, and so the fact that she is spending time on that sends the message to her critics that she is neglecting her real job -- a less visionary council member would do a better job of serving her district's needs. If she wants to end corporate welfare, she ought to run for Congress. It's worse because Sawant already has been taking heat for other issues, like rent control or nationalizing Microsoft, or SeaTac's minimum wage, that are outside of the scope of her office. To others it sends the message that she's on the right side. It's not self-serving; it's just a fact whose meaning is in the eye of the beholder. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 04:30, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
Strange how none of that is in the article. There's literally no comment from a critic of hers. Fine, we're going to keep arguing in circles. Would you both consider WP:DRN on the subject? It's pretty straightforwad I think. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 04:38, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* So what's stopping you from adding the missing material to the article? The Seattle Times covered it in detail, and it's all online. DRN is a waste of time when the real solution is staring you in the face: expand the article with the missing balance. The snowball clause is about not wasting time going through the motions of the process when that process it moot. Start with quoting all the things Pameala Banks had to say about Sawant's off-topic agenda. Or the Seattle Times endorsement of Banks. I googled "Pamela Banks Sawant" and the top hit was this headline Kshama Sawant vs. Pamela Banks: Grandiose designs vs. local grounding. Bam! It's all right there. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 04:43, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* I concur that some due diligence is in order, before Death By DRN. GraniteSand (talk) 04:48, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* I still think we should remove this content. Dennis is the one saying it's necessary because of her campaign critics. If so, we can discuss the exact same thing by citing her critics, not her campaign. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 04:49, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* It makes me so sad because the amount of time you spent writing these arguments could have been spent writing an equal number of words from Sawant's critics and the article would be better, and Wikipedia's readers would be better off. Instead, it's all words words words on the talk page, and more words at DRN, and still nothing gets written into the article. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 04:53, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* "Necessary" is not the litmus we use for inclusion of material. If you're saying you like to follow Dennis' advice and add additional resources with a reword I'd say that's a great place to start. I see no mandate to remove the material as it exists now and the work you'd go through at DRN is comparable to what you could put in to make the article better. You'll get to where you want with less work by contributing. GraniteSand (talk) 04:56, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
I find it sad that there's literally no bending here. It's all "her campaign is the best source for what she supports" while you acknowledge that she's been criticized on numerous issues but don't suggest including the wording from her opponents. For example this page which you mentioned alleges that she abstained from the actual $15 an hour vote. You've never thought to include that in the article but have no issue with parroting her campaign language that she supports a living wage? Instead I get "fine we're going to keep her campaign lines in there but you should go and find opposing information even though we could but we don't think it's necessary" (which is fine). I'm not putting up a giant POV tag here, I just say how about we don't literally quote her campaign on what her issues as that is unduly self-serving. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 05:03, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* I feel like you're not only not listening, but now putting words in other people's mouths. The material doesn't need to be removed, but if you'd like to improve the material with additional sourcing and context that would be great. GraniteSand (talk) 05:10, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* Nobody told you you can't reword it. GraniteSand invited you to do so. Every single omission on this article is not my personal responsibility. I didn't write most of it. Wikipedia is a work in progress. If this were in some way libeling Sawant, then WP:NOCONSENSUS would support the removal. But since it's not really defamatory, there isn't an urgent need to nuke it, and the policy says that generally we should keep it in its old stable form until consensus is reached. I guess you could try to somehow argue that the presence of this is harming somebody and so WP:NOCONSENSUS supports removal post haste, but really? Who? The election ended two months back. We have time.<P>Take a look at a Featured Article like Barack Obama. You see whole long sections listing Obama's agenda and his accomplishments, and hardly a word of the criticism he faced for literally every single thing he ever did or didn't do. Wikipedia biographies are not attack pages. We go easy on people, even politicians. We just present who they are and what they're about. We aren't here to right great wrongs or take them down a peg.<P>That said, we should all work together to expand the article and this whole thing would be a non-issue. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 05:12, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* I'll move on. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 07:16, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
* Positions etc. should be verified by reference to secondary sources, to prove they're worth mentioning in the first place. If we allow a subject's own works to dictate what we should put in an article, there is hardly a rationale to decide on inclusion or exclusion. One could look at a subject's Facebook page and pluck content that the subject has "like"d to include in here. If a strong secondary source mentions someone's position, it's worth mentioning; otherwise, not. Drmies (talk) 03:11, 28 January 2016 (UTC)
* Interesting Facebook page! I could fill an entire article with it. Drmies (talk) 03:13, 28 January 2016 (UTC)
Reorganize sections
We need to place a separate Campaign issues section under both the 2013 Campaign and 2015 Campaign sections. Currently there's circa 2013 quotes where Sawant is taking shots at Richard Conlin under the 2015 campaign; it makes it look like she doesn't remember who her 2015 opponent was. Also, politicians change their platforms from one campaign to the next, so we need to be clear about which issues they ran on in each campaign. In 2013 the minimum wage was as much pie-in-the-sky as rent control or income tax, but after it passed, and spread nationally, Sawant pivoted to run as a successful reformer, not a mere dreamer. In 2013 she was attacked as someone whose whole agenda was impossible. In 2015 the main line of attack was that she was too busy campaigning for minimum wage increases across the US to serve Seattle. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 17:35, 28 January 2016 (UTC)
* Dennis, you put the campaign issues under one of the campaigns. It's too lengthy to go into issues that came from the 2013 campaign since it seems like more of those things ultimately faded. I eliminated the endorsements and split the endorsements up into the two separate sections to distinguish between them. I was thinking there would be a "2013 campaign", "work she did her first term" (tenure is terrible title but I couldn't think of a better one), "2015 campaign" and then current tenure. Political positions may still be there but it would gutted and moved up in a more complete timeline. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 17:58, 28 January 2016 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Kshama Sawant. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
* Attempted to fix sourcing for http://votesawant.org/?q=node/3
* Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20120805201048/http://www.socialistalternative.org/news/article10.php?id=1882 to http://www.socialistalternative.org/news/article10.php?id=1882
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Indigenous Peoples’ Day
A couple notes on Indigenous Peoples' Day in Seattle: Sawant can probably claim some credit for her promotional efforts, but keep in mind this same thing passed the school board, and had recently been proclaimed in several other cities and states in 2014.
* The Seattle Times gets the story right in 2014 when they point out that Washington never had any observance of Columbus Day on a state level, and the City of Seattle never had an observance on the books. It's a Federal holiday. Several sources say Seattle "renamed" or changed the name of or "replaced" Columbus Day. Seattle ordinances have no effect on Federal holidays. Seattle added a symbolic proclamation observing Indigenous Peoples' Day on the same day as Columbus Day. The Seattle proclamation doesn't close any city offices or otherwise create a "holiday", such as allowing free parking.
* A similar unanimous vote by the Seattle School Board to observe Indigenous People's on the same day is also purely symbolic.
* All 8 Democrats on the council voted for the measure, and it was signed by Democratic Mayor Ed Murray. Sawant, the lone Socialist, has little "force" to make the majority bend to her will. It's true she used her outspoken style and habit of inviting supporters to Council chambers to push for this measure, but the Native American activist groups working for this existed years before Sawant came along. There's no evidence this wasn't going to happen anyway, with or without Sawant. She was quoted in some national news stories, perhaps misleadingly amplifying her role, but many stories also quoted Murray, or Council President Bruce Harrell. Journalists seem to like Sawant quotes because they are spicy, rather than the duller words of the much more powerful Council President, or Mayor.
* It's true Tony Anderson from the Order Sons of Italy in America said they were offended, but they did not single out Sawant, but rather said Councilmember Nick Licata is "not a very good Italian" for voting for the proclamation.
This thing could belong on some other Seattle article, but it has very little to do with Kshama Sawant, except perhaps as one example of the ways that Sawant's views conform with every other council member and the Mayor, with whom she often clashes. I wish I could have back the time I wasted researching this. Nothing here. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 03:46, 22 May 2017 (UTC)
Photo
We might want to switch to this photo. I think it looks better than the current one. - Jmabel | Talk 02:45, 29 November 2017 (UTC)
External links modified
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Re-inclusion of Qwest Field/Washington Income Tax Initiative information
I am requesting the re-inclusion of some or all of the text below, which was removed by JesseRafe ("Not particularly relevent [sic] to an article about her, per balance and wp:notnews"). I believe it is relevant because it discusses specific economic policy positions, namely her opposition to the Qwest Field ballot initiative and her support for the Washington Income Tax Initiative.
Sawant criticized Paul Allen's reputation as a philanthropist shortly after his death, including for his involvement in Qwest Field and his opposition to the Washington Income Tax Initiative.
We could remove the references to Paul Allen if need be, but I believe the policy position are worthy of inclusion, neither of which are clearly articulated in the article as it stands. PvOberstein (talk) 18:45, 18 October 2018 (UTC)
* (I refactored your comment to put the refs (which don't belong on the Talk page) in situ, rather than moving to the bottom of the page with each additional comment.) A plain reading of that edit suggests you didn't even try to make it about "specific economic policy positions" but to sensationalize the audacity she must have to criticize someone who had died, at which point all human beings automatically become saints, it is to be understood. If what you say in the this first paragraph here is your intention (contrary to what you added to the article and quoted here), then there are, I am sure, dozens of good sources that expound on the economic policy for her position, none of which have anything to do with Paul Allen living or dead. JesseRafe (talk) 18:53, 18 October 2018 (UTC)
* I don't spent much time on Talk pages, alas, so I'm not entirely sure what refactoring the comments does. re: Paul Allen - I genuinely have no real care one way or another whether she criticized him (I personally don't give a shit about criticizing dead people and have no strong feelings one way or the other on Mr. Allen), I was merely intending to situate her position in the context in which she articulated it. Would:
Sawant opposed the ballot initiative to fund Qwest Field, and supported the 2010 Washington Income Tax Initiative
* be acceptable? PvOberstein (talk) 19:14, 18 October 2018 (UTC)
* I overused the term to basically mean I edited your comment (usually something that is not done) to make the whole conversation easier to understand for other readers (and I did it again on this one too, adjusting the indent. Yes, I think a sentence like that would be a welcome and relevant addition, properly sourced. For context, do look at the other additions made to the page at around the same time as your edit for explaining what I perceived to be your intent, apologies. JesseRafe (talk) 19:55, 18 October 2018 (UTC)
Sawant was sued for defamation for calling police officers "murderers". How is that not mentioned anywhere on this page?
Has this also been scrubbed from this historical record, just like the other pages for Seattle City Council members?
https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-has-spent-258752-78-so-far-gets-partial-win-in-1-sawant-suit/ https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/crime/judge-dismisses-defamation-lawsuit-against-kshama-sawant-filed-by-2-police-officers-over-brutal-murder-comments/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:25, 31 March 2019 (UTC)
Capitol Hill Seattle / Socialist Alternative as BLP "Blog" sourced
An editor recently took issue with Capitol Hill Seattle, the blog that has been reporting local news from the main neighborhood in Kshama's district of Seattle since 2006, for being a blog. The BLP comments about sourcing from a blog WP:BLPSPS but Capitol_Hill_Seattle_Blog even has a wiki entry and seems more to fall under using "blog" to denote independent. I'd suggest the CHS website has existed for long enough with a stable editor that it's local news site and not a self-published blog in a fly-by-night/anyone can post light. If CHS fails the blog test, then the majority of material sourced to the publication Socialist Alternative, which is heavily influenced by Sawant and relatives, would also fail the "blog" test. --Jwfowble (talk) 19:35, 22 April 2020 (UTC)
* A blog cannot be used as a source for most information, and certainly not personal BLP information. One person hosting a blog is not reliable just because that one person has been doing it for a while. I see no evidence that the posts on the blog have any editorial oversight or factchecking process, and most look to be self-published by the founder. Also, the site clearly says on its about page, "On CHS, anybody can add to the site. You just need to login and start posting." The Socialist Alternative publication would not be blog, although I have no opinion on its reliability. Two wrongs obviously don't make a right. However, a quick look at the article, and I do not see any inappropriate BLP material being sourced to Socialist Alternative. Some of the material is likely not WP:DUE because it is not found in independent reliable sources, but limited information about an entity is allowed to be used even when published by that entity. – wallyfromdilbert (talk) 00:32, 9 May 2020 (UTC)
Durkan/Sawant clash
I have added, with some additional content, a few lines about the clash between Durkan and Sawant, which appears to me to be well-sourced and noteworthy. The text includes both the gist of the mayor's statements and the gist of the councilmember's response. I do not think this will be controversial but am bringing the matter for here for discussion in the event anyone objects. Neutralitytalk 14:42, 1 July 2020 (UTC)
* Support additions, with thanks. This is an important development that should not go unnoticed in Wikipedia's BLP of a contentious figure. NedFausa (talk) 15:10, 1 July 2020 (UTC)
Recall
A judge has ruled that a recall effort against Sawant can proceed, stating "the following accusations are justification: Sawant relinquished her duties of office to an outside political organization; misused city resources; misused her position by letting protesters into City Hall; led a protest to the mayor's house despite her address being protected by a state program due to threats stemming from her time as a U.S. Attorney." Dropping this here in case anyone is interested in determining what's WP:DUE to add to the article. Schazjmd (talk) 00:41, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
Complained about police doing too little when she was a crime victim
In this edit, User:JesseRafe removed the following content:
In October 2022, the Councilor discovered times where feces had been thrown or spread on her home. When she requested extra steps in an ongoing investigation and the posting of a direct police guard for her home, it raised concerns of why she would need more than the average citizen's allotment from a police force with drindling manpower to cover a mere case of vandalism from someone who has repeatedly asked for a dwindling police force.
and commented, “Rv, non-npov.”
I think it's notable that a politican who supports defunding the police is acting the exact opposite when she herself is the vicim of criminal activity. I propose rewriting and resoring info on this. This is my proposal:
In October 2022, Sawant sent a letter to the Seattle police where she criticized them for "failing to investigate" six recent incidents where someone had thrown human feces into her yard. In her letter, she stated, "Needless to say, it is disturbing that right-wing media, including a police-run website named [Law Officer], portrays these attacks on my home as justified against an elected representative who has the temerity to criticize the police or attempt to hold them accountable. That is certainly a dangerous direction, especially if it is embraced by police and de facto supported by SPD leadership and the city’s Democratic Party establishment.”
What do others here think of this?
SquirrelHill1971 (talk) 17:28, 26 October 2022 (UTC) SquirrelHill1971 (talk) 17:28, 26 October 2022 (UTC)
Resignation from Socialist Alternative and ISA
I added a small comment to the article to cover Kshama's recent resignation from her positions in Socialist Alternative, and her subsequent resignation from SA and the ISA. But this will need more references from publicly available reputable sources. ابو علي (Abu Ali) (talk) 06:29, 19 June 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Michael Chilov
University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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• Brighu N Swamy · Michael Chilov · Kathy McClellan · Con Petsoglou ·
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ABSTRACT: To assess the effect of topical Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory drugs in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Systematic Review. Data Sources and study selection: Reports of comparative randomized trials of topical NSAIDs and placebo identified by searches of Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers assessed trials for eligibility and quality and extracted data independently. Data were synthesized (random effects model) and results expressed results for dichotomous outcomes as relative risk and continuous outcomes as weighted mean difference. Sensitivity analysis was used to examine potential heterogeneity by differences in study quality. Eight studies incorporating 712 patients were included. The difference between the decrease in allergic sign and symptom score for NSAID treatment compared to placebo was between 4 and 19 percentage points. Topical NSAIDs produced significantly greater relief for conjunctival itching (cardinal symptom) than did placebo (combined standardized mean difference -0.54 (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval -0.84 to -0.24). The results for the other allergic symptoms: ocular burning/pain, eyelid swelling, photophobia and foreign sensation were not significant. Topical NSAIDs produced significantly greater reduction of conjunctival injection than did placebo (combined standardized mean difference -0.51 (p = 0.03; 95% confidence interval -0.97 to -0.05). Topical NSAIDs did not reduce the allergic signs of conjunctival chemosis, conjunctival mucus, eyelid swelling and corneal disturbance. Topical NSAIDs had a significantly higher rate of burning/stinging on application of medication compared to placebo (P < 0.0001; odds ratio 3.97 (95% CI 2.67 to 5.89). This meta-analysis confirms that topical NSAID are significantly more effective at relieving the cardinal symptom: conjunctival itching and improving the cardinal sign: conjunctival injection than placebo treatment. A systematic review comparing topical NSAIDs to topical antihistamines/mast cell stabilizers in treatment of allergic conjunctivitis is warranted as this will compare the topical NSAIDs to current therapeutic guidelines.
Ophthalmic Epidemiology 09/2007; 14(5):311-9. DOI:10.1080/09286580701299411 · 1.15 Impact Factor | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Motorcycling: Marquez wins Catalunya GP after Lorenzo takes out rivals
BARCELONA (Reuters) - MotoGP world champion Marc Marquez won his home Grand Prix of Catalunya on Sunday after Honda team mate Jorge Lorenzo took out the Spaniard’s main rivals in a mass crash on the second lap. French rider Fabio Quartararo finished second and 2.660 seconds behind, after starting on pole and dropping to eighth, for the Petronas Yamaha team with Italian Danilo Petrucci third for Ducati. Marquez’s closest rival Andrea Dovizioso and the Yamaha factory pairing of Valentino Rossi and Maverick Vinales went down like skittles after Lorenzo lost control of his Honda at turn 10. The triple MotoGP champion was late on the brakes as he tried to pass Vinales on the inside, first colliding with Dovizioso before the sliding bikes swept up the two Yamaha riders. Rossi stayed upright as he went wide onto the runoff before Lorenzo’s riderless Honda did for him as well. “I feel really sorry for Maverick, Andrea and Valentino because they are fighting for the championship,” said Lorenzo, who had rocketed from 10th on the grid to fourth after the opening lap. “It’s a big disaster and I feel sorry for them.” The incident knocked the stuffing out of what had been shaping up as a thrilling battle at the front, with three podium contenders abruptly eliminated and Marquez enjoying an easier ride to the chequered flag. Petrucci, winner of the previous race in Italy, was engaged in a lively battle with Spaniard Alex Rins for second before the Suzuki rider went wide with seven laps to go and fell to sixth before climbing back to fourth. Quartararo made his move a few corners later and slotted in to second place. Marquez’s fourth win of the season means he now has a 37-point lead over Dovizioso after seven of 19 races. The podium was a first for Quartararo in his rookie season and came less than two weeks after he had surgery on his arm in Barcelona. “It feels incredible,” he said. “It was a really nice race, really tough at the end. Ten days ago we were in the hospital for surgery and now we are on the podium.” Reporting by Alan Baldwin, editing by Pritha Sarkar | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Multilevel if-then-else
From Linux Shell Scripting Tutorial - A Beginner's handbook
Jump to: navigation, search
← Nested ifsHomeThe exit status of a command →
if..elif..else..fi allows the script to have various possibilities and conditions. This is handy, when you want to compare one variable to a different values.
if condition
then
condition is true
execute all commands up to elif statement
elif condition1
then
condition1 is true
execute all commands up to elif statement
elif condition2
then
condition2 is true
execute all commands up to elif statement
elif conditionN
then
conditionN is true
execute all commands up to else statement
else
None of the above conditions are true
execute all commands up to fi
fi
In if..elif..else..fi structure, the block of the first true condition is executed. If no condition is true, the else block, is executed.
Example
A simple shell script to determine if the given number is a negative or a positive number (numest.sh):
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter a number : " n
if [ $n -gt 0 ]; then
echo "$n is a positive."
elif [ $n -lt 0 ]
then
echo "$n is a negative."
elif [ $n -eq 0 ]
then
echo "$n is zero number."
else
echo "Oops! $n is not a number."
fi
Save and close the file. Run it as follows:
chmod +x numest.sh
./numest.sh
← Nested ifsHomeThe exit status of a command → | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Starr Clark Tin Shop and Underground Rail Road Museum
The Underground Railroad (1820 – 1861)
At the heart of the Underground Railroad were the beliefs of the abolitionist movement. The 18th Century Quakers, members of the Religious Society of Friends, were the first organized abolitionists, believing that slavery violated Christian principles. By the first decades of the 1800s, every state in the North had legally abolished slavery. Abolitionist ideas then spread West into the territories that would soon become Indiana and Ohio. Abolitionists firmly believed that slavery was against their Christian faith. Others considered the contradictory aspects of independence for a country that held enslaved individuals, which led many to become active on the Underground Railroad.
Not content to wait for laws to change or for slavery to implode itself, railroad activists helped individual fugitive slaves find the light of freedom.
The Underground Railroadoperated at night. Slaves were moved from "station" to "station" by abolitionists. These "stations" were usually homes and churches — any safe place to rest and eat before continuing on the journey to freedom, as faraway as Canada. Often whites would pretend to be the masters of the fugitives to avoid capture. Sometimes lighter skinned African Americans took this role. In one spectacular case, HENRY "BOX" BROWN arranged for a friend to put him in a wooden box, where he had only a few biscuits and some water. His friend mailed him to the North, where bemused abolitionists received him in Philadelphia.
Most of the time, however, slaves crept northward on their own, looking for the signal that designated the next safe haven. This was indeed risky business, because SLAVE CATCHERS and sheriffs were constantly on the lookout. Over 3,200 people are known to have worked on the railroad between 1830 and the end of the Civil War. Many will remain forever anonymous.
The Underground Railroad was established to aid enslaved people in their escape to freedom. The railroad was comprised of dozens of secret routes and safe houses originating in the slaveholding states and extending all the way to the Canadian border, the only area where fugitives could be assured of their freedom. Shorter routes led south from Florida to Cuba or from Texas to Mexico. The Underground Railroad also included the smuggling of fugitive slaves onto ships that carried them to ports in the North or outside the United States.
“People might not get all they work for in this world, but they must certainly work for all they get.”
The song “Steal Away” is said to be born in a cotton field where there were a great number of slaves hoeing cotton. The leader who always planned the date when the slaves would go secretly, after nightfall, to hear a Northern white clergyman preach the gospel of salvation through Christ would first whisper, “Steal away,” to the slave next in line to him. This whispered word, spoken over rhythmic measures of hoe strokes of the choppers, was passed along the line until it reached the last individual. Work, of course, took on a more lively gait from this moment. Then the spoken word gradually took on melody which surged forth increasingly on the rhythmic verve of spirited melody of a decidedly African idiomatic pattern."
“I was the conductor of the Underground Railroad for eight years, and I can say what most conductors can't say; I never ran my train off the track and I never lost a passenger.”
Douglass became the first African American nominated for vice president of the United States.
Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross, c. March 1822 – March 10, 1913) was an American abolitionist and political activist. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, including family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. Harriet Tubman is sometimes referred to as the Moses of her people because of the way she led them out of slavery.
During the American Civil War, she served as an armed scout and spy for the Union Army. In her later years, Tubman was an activist in the struggle for women's suffrage.
Language of the Underground Railroad
Ever since the first African slaves came to this country in the 1600s, there were many attempts to escape to freedom. However, they didn’t have a phrase for this effort until around 1830. America’s first railroads began to run that year. People who helped organize these escapes began to think of their work in terms of a railroad. They added “underground” because their work was underground, or very secretive.
They called the people who helped slaves escape “conductors,” like the people who ran the trains. Harriet Tubman was a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad.
The safe places where escaping slaves could hide were called “stations,” just like the stations on a railroad. The “station master” was a person in charge of that hiding place, just as the station master was in charge of a railroad station.
The people who were traveling were sometimes called “passengers,” just as they would be on a regular train. At other times, they were referred to as “baggage.”
In his third autobiography, American abolitionist, editor, orator, author, statesman, and reformer Frederick Douglass reflected upon his life, observing that he had lived several lives in one: first, the life of slavery; secondly, the life of a fugitive from slavery; thirdly, the life of comparative freedom; fourthly, the life of conflict and battle; and fifthly, the life of victory, if not complete, at least assured.
Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave who became a prominent activist, author and public speaker. He became a leader in the abolitionist movement, which sought to end the practice of slavery, before and during the Civil War.
Because many slaves knew the secret meanings of some songs, they could be used to signal many things. Harriet Tubman, for example, used the song "Wade in the Water" to tell excaping slaves to leave the trail and walk in the water to make sure the slavecatchers dogs couldn't sniff out their trail. | FINEWEB-EDU |
File:Sohat.jpg
Summary
Logo of the mineral water brand, Sohat, taken from the sticker on the bottle. Sohat is a Lebanese brand of mineral water from the source of Falougha in Lebanon. | WIKI |
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN | ERRORS | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR | COLOPHON
LIBPFM(3) Linux Programmer's Manual LIBPFM(3)
NAME top
pfm_get_event_next - iterate over events
SYNOPSIS top
#include <perfmon/pfmlib.h>
int pfm_get_event_next(int idx);
DESCRIPTION top
Events are uniquely identified with opaque integer identifiers.
There is no guaranteed order within identifiers. Thus, to list all
the events, it is necessary to use iterators.
Events are grouped in tables within the library. A table usually
corresponds to a PMU model or family. The library contains support
for multiple PMU models, thus it has multiple tables. Based on the
host hardware and software environments, tables get activated when
the library is initialized via pfm_initialize(). Events from
activated tables are called active events. Events from non-activated
tables are called supported events.
Event identifiers are usually retrieved via pfm_find_event() or when
encoding events.
To iterate over a list of events for a given PMU model, all that is
needed is an initial identifier for the PMU. The first event
identifier is usually obtained via pfm_get_pmu_info().
The pfm_get_event_next() function returns the identifier of next
supported event after the one passed in idx. This iterator stops when
the last event for the PMU is passed as argument, in which case the
function returns -1.
void list_pmu_events(pfm_pmu_t pmu)
{
struct pfm_event_info info;
struct pfm_pmu_info pinfo;
int i, ret;
memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
memset(&pinfo, 0, sizeof(pinfo));
info.size = sizeof(info);
pinfo.size = sizeof(pinfo);
ret = pfm_get_pmu_info(pmu, &pinfo);
if (ret != PFM_SUCCESS)
errx(1, "cannot get pmu info");
for (i = pinfo.first_event; i != -1; i = pfm_get_event_next(i)) {
ret = pfm_get_event_info(i, &info);
if (ret != PFM_SUCCESS)
errx(1, "cannot get event info");
printf("%s Event: %s::%s\n",
pinfo.present ? "Active" : "Supported",
pinfo.name, info.name);
}
}
RETURN top
The function returns the identifier of the next supported event. It
returns -1 when the argument is already the last event for the PMU.
ERRORS top
No error code, besides -1, is returned by this function.
SEE ALSO top
pfm_find_event(3)
AUTHOR top
Stephane Eranian <eranian@gmail.com>
COLOPHON top
This page is part of the perfmon2 (a performance monitoring library)
project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨http://perfmon2.sourceforge.net/⟩. If you have a bug report for this
manual page, send it to perfmon2-devel@lists.sourceforge.net. This
page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨git://git.code.sf.net/p/perfmon2/libpfm4 perfmon2-libpfm4⟩ on
2018-02-02. (At that time, the date of the most recent commit that
was found in the repository was 2018-01-25.) If you discover any
rendering problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe
there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
September, 2009 LIBPFM(3) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
DOJ: Dems appear to be trying to harass Trump by seeking personal finances
The Justice Department urged a federal appeals court on Tuesday to overturn a ruling requiring President Donald Trump's accounting firm to turn over years' worth of the president's financial records to Congress, suggesting Democrats are attempting to "harass" Trump rather than legislate. In a 30-page filing submitted to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, Justice Department lawyers argued that efforts by congressional Democrats to access Trump's financial information — from accounting firm Mazars USA — were impermissible because they lacked a clear "legislative purpose." It's the first time the Trump administration has waded into the delicate dispute. Trump's personal attorneys previously made similar arguments. "A congressional demand for the President’s personal records raises the specter that members of the Legislative Branch are impermissibly attempting to interfere with or harass the Head of the Executive Branch, or at least that the subpoena will have that effect, especially given the possibility of a multitude of such subpoenas," DOJ lawyers wrote in a brief signed by Assistant Attorney General Joseph Hunt, his deputy Hashim Mooppan and attorneys from DOJ's civil division. "This risk requires a commensurately searching evaluation by the Judicial Branch." The input from the Justice Department is a significant escalation in the confrontation between the Trump administration and House Oversight Committee Democrats investigating whether Trump lied about his assets and net worth — an allegation based in part on testimony provided by his former personal lawyer and fixer Michael Cohen. Democrats say their investigation is aimed at rooting out potential conflicts of interest and corruption, but Trump's personal attorneys — now with the backing of the Justice Department — have claimed it's really an effort to indiscriminately cast about for potential illegal conduct by the president. Responding to such inquiries, DOJ lawyers wrote, tramples on the separation of powers and unfairly burdens the president. "Even if Congress does not intend its subpoenas to burden the President, there is a serious risk they will, especially where there are myriad simultaneous inquiries," the attorneys wrote. "Unlike investigations in criminal and civil proceedings, which are confined to discrete controversies and subject to various protective measures, congressional committees may issue successive subpoenas in waves, making far-reaching demands that harry the President and distract his attention." The Oversight Committee already won the first round of its legal battle with Trump in June: a resounding District Court ruling from Judge Amit Mehta that rejected Trump lawyers' arguments and determined Congress has wide latitude to investigate a president. “Congress plainly views itself as having sweeping authority to investigate illegal conduct of a president, before and after taking office,” Mehta wrote. “This court is not prepared to roll back the tide of history.” Mehta also rejected the notion that Congress must divine its true intent when it launches an investigation. It "is not the court’s role to decipher whether Congress’s true purpose in pursuing an investigation is to aid legislation or something more sinister such as exacting political retribution,” wrote Mehta, an appointee of former President Barack Obama. The three-judge appeals court panel seemed sympathetic to Congress' arguments as well, though the one Trump-appointed judge — Neomi Rao — questioned why the full House hadn't voted to endorse the Oversight Committee's investigation. House counsel Douglas Letter argued Rao's question was out of bounds for a court to consider, that the courts have no role in how the House chooses to delegate its power internally. Still, to guard against her concerns, the House passed a resolution last month retroactively approving all Trump-related subpoenas issued by its investigative committees. During the initial appeals court hearing, Rao also wondered why the Justice Department hadn't been a party to the matter "to protect the office of the president." The court then invited DOJ to submit a brief by Tuesday afternoon. DOJ lawyers, like Trump's own legal team, argued that this resolution is insufficient to justify the subpoena because it wasn't specific enough about its intent. They also argued, like Trump's lawyers, that the House's inquiries "bear some of the hallmarks" of a law enforcement effort, rather than an effort to craft legislation. Notably, the Justice Department argues that congressional subpoenas connected to an impeachment process would be permissible without identifying specific legislation — but that the Oversight Committee is not involved in impeachment matters. "The House’s impeachment power is an express authority whose exercise does not require a connection to valid legislation," DOJ lawyers note. "But the Committee has asserted neither jurisdiction over, nor an objective of pursuing, impeachment, and its counsel expressly disavowed that end." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
How to convert kilowatts to kilowatts-hour
How to convert kilowatts to kilowatts-hour
How to convert electric power in kilowatts (kW) to energy in kilowatt-hour (kWh).
You can calculate kilowatt-hour from kilowatts and hours, but you can't convert kilowatt to kilowatt-hour, since kilowatt and kilowatt-hour units represent different quantities.
Kilowatts to kilowatt-hour calculation formula
The energy E in kilowatt-hour (kWh) is equal to the power P in kilowatts (kW), times the time period t in hours (hr):
E(kWh) = P(kW) × t(hr)
So
kilowatt-hour = kilowatt × hour
or
kWh = kW × hr
Example
What is the energy consumption in watt-hour when the power consumption is 5 kilowatts for time duration of 3 hours?
E = 5kW × 3h = 15 kWh
How to convert kWh to kW ►
See also
© 2017 CalculatorX. All rights reserved. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Hittites, an ancient Anatolian tribe, were near their nadir in 1400 BCE; after the death of Telipinu I around a century before their territories had steadily retrenched. To the south, the Egyptian Empire was at its zenith under the 18th Dynasty, but the Hittites were too parochial for this to signify: in their neighbourhood, the Mittani were pre-eminent. The Mittani were an Aryan people, who had migrated to, and taken control of, the Hurrian homelands and then extended their rule east to Mesopotamia and west to the Mediterranean at the expense of Assyria and the Hittites respectively. In the early 14th century BCE, Arzawa gained its independence from the Hittites, who were repeatedly marauded by the Kashka tribes to their north. During this period, even the Hittite capital, Hattusas, was sacked and burned, although there is no record of the culprit. From 1344 BCE, Suppiluliuma I would begin the Hittite resurgence.
— OR —
Call 0113 4577 990 | FINEWEB-EDU |
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff, Appellee, v. Bernard V. BAUS, et al., Defendants, Appellants.
No. 87-1332.
United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.
Heard Oct. 6, 1987.
Decided Dec. 11, 1987.
Richard A. Kaye with whom Kathleen L. Torres and Kaye, Fialkow, Richmond & Rothstein, Boston, Mass., were on brief, for appellants.
Lydia Pelegrin, Asst. U.S. Atty., with whom Daniel F. Lopez-Romo, U.S. Atty., Hato Rey, P.R., was on brief, for appellee.
Before BOWNES, Circuit Judge, TIMBERS, Senior Circuit Judge, and SELYA, Circuit Judge.
Of the Second Circuit, sitting by designation.
BOWNES, Circuit Judge.
The appellants in this action are guarantors of a loan from the Economic Development Administration (EDA), an agency of the United States Government, to National Medical Products Corporation (NMP), a now-defunct manufacturer of medical supplies in Puerto Rico. When NMP defaulted on the loan, the government filed suit in United States District Court in Puerto Rico to collect on the guaranties. The case was eventually settled and judgment entered against the guarantors in accordance with a stipulation of settlement. Seven years later, the government, for the first time, moved to execute its judgment. The guarantors filed a motion for relief from judgment under Rule 60(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The district court denied the motion as untimely. The guarantors raise two claims on appeal: (1) the judgment in this case was not a final one because it was contingent upon a further determination of damages by the district court, and (2) the district court abused its discretion in denying the Rule 60(b)(6) motion. We reverse and remand.
I. BACKGROUND
On April 17, 1970, Bernard V. Baus, Re-gine Lagier Baus, Samuel H. Casey, Imogene McCraw Casey, Robert S. Warshaw, and Elaine S. Warshaw executed a joint and several guaranty for a $217,800 loan from EDA to NMP. The guarantors were all stockholders in NMP. The EDA loan was secured by a chattel mortgage on all of NMP’s machinery and equipment, but the guaranty provided that, in the event NMP defaulted, EDA could collect directly from the guarantors without first exhausting its rights to the collateral. And default NMP did, in December of 1974. At that time, representatives of EDA took possession of NMP’s plant and all of its contents, including $100,000 worth of finished products in inventory. On May 28, 1976, the government filed a complaint against the guarantors in Puerto Rico district court seeking to collect $146,277.19, the balance due on NMP’s loan.
During the pendency of that action, Gary Fischer, the president of NMP, notified EDA that an unsecured creditor had obtained a judgment against NMP and had attached various items of NMP’s machinery which were included in EDA’s mortgage. Fischer told EDA that the loss of this crucial equipment would substantially lessen the value of the remaining equipment. He also asked EDA to take measures to secure the plant in order to prevent this kind of illegal attachment, as well as theft and vandalism. EDA took no action at that time and the attached items were auctioned off and removed from the plant.
In March of 1978, the guarantors entered into negotiations with the government to settle the ongoing lawsuit. An agreement in principle was reached and the first draft of a stipulation of settlement circulated on March 20. Under its terms, the guarantors confessed liability in return for the government’s promise to attempt to retrieve the equipment attached by the unsecured creditor and “to exhaust their remedies against the entire mortgaged collateral, foreclosing said mortgage in complete or partial satisfaction” of the guarantors’ obligation. The first draft was rejected by the guarantors because it provided that they waived all defenses to liability. Thereafter, a second draft was drawn up, which eliminated the waiver of defenses language and also provided that the government would have the mortgaged collateral appraised, the appraisal to serve as a “protective bid” at the auction. This draft was approved and executed by all parties. On May 15, 1978, the district court entered judgment against the guarantors in accordance with the terms and conditions of the stipulation.
After obtaining judgment, the government waited six months before undertaking its promised proceedings against the unsecured creditor and nearly two years before conducting the foreclosure sale in March of 1980. For most of this time, and despite NMP’s complaints, the plant remained unlocked and unguarded. As a result, various NMP assets, including the $100,000 worth of finished inventory, were stolen or vandalized. By the time of the public auction, the government could obtain only $37,227 for the assets of NMP; after deduction for expenses, the net proceeds were $12,131. The government’s appraisal had placed a $411,000 market value and $128,000 liquidation value on NMP’s assets, exclusive of the $100,000 in stolen inventory. The government did not enter a protective bid at the auction.
Immediately following the auction in 1980, the government provided the guarantors with invoices for the goods auctioned off, but it was not until June of 1985 that the guarantors were given a “statement of account” prepared by EDA, indicating their total alleged indebtedness under the stipulation. In the meantime, the guarantors had undertaken negotiations with three successive Assistant United States Attorneys in Puerto Rico to settle their obligation. Each assistant stated that the judgment was not final and that a judicial determination of indebtedness would be necessary before the United States could collect its debt. Each declined to seek such a judicial determination or to execute the judgment. Then, in September of 1984, the government requested that the judgment be certified for registration in another district. Despite the fact that judgments in favor of the United States can be executed in any district without registration, 28 U.S. C. § 2413, the clerk for the United States District Court in Puerto Rico certified the judgment on September 26, 1984, and forwarded it to the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York. Since only final judgments can be registered, 28 U.S.C. § 1963, the clerk’s action amounted to certifying that the judgment was final.
In April of 1985, the United States Attorney in New York demanded full payment of NMP’s outstanding debt from Robert and Elaine Warshaw, who were residents of New York. Instead of a challenge to the judgment in New York, a motion for relief from judgment was filed in the United States District Court for Puerto Rico. In support of their Rule 60(b)(6) motion, the guarantors set forth a number of verified factual allegations relating to the execution of the stipulation and subsequent events. The gist of the guarantors’ argument was that the government had breached its obligations under the settlement agreement, both by the way it foreclosed on NMP’s assets and by attempting to execute the judgment without a judicial determination of indebtedness, and thus was not entitled to enforce the agreement against the guarantors.
The guarantors also pointed out to the district court that the ninth paragraph of the stipulation, as written, contained a typographical error and was incomplete. The pertinent portion of the paragraph reads:
9. In consideration of the above, defendants acknowledge their debt as guarantors and agree to pay plaintiff for any possible deficiency outstanding after plaintiff auctions the mortgaged collateral and hereby confess to judgment up to the amount of said possible 30 days from the date of the auction; in compliance with the agreement of the parties, the details of which are set forth below. ...
(Emphasis indicates place of omitted language). In the first draft, the waiver of defenses language had appeared between the words “possible” and “30 days,” but, in the process of deleting that language, some additional language was also inadvertently deleted. The guarantors claimed that the language inadvertently deleted gave them the right to retain all defenses and objections, that the parties intended the final stipulation to read as follows:
9. In consideration of the above, defendants acknowledge their debt as guarantors and agree to pay plaintiff for any possible deficiency outstanding after plaintiff auctions the mortgaged collateral and hereby confess to judgment up to the amount of said possible [deficiency, retaining all possible defenses and objections, said confessed judgment to be final and enforceable within] thirty (30) days from the date of the auction, in compliance with the agreement of the parties, the details of which are set forth below....
(Brackets indicate guarantors’ claimed language).
The government moved to dismiss the guarantors’ motion but neither submitted counteraffidavits nor contested any of the factual allegations made by the guarantors. Rather, relying on the guarantors' allegations, the government argued that the motion was untimely and failed to put forth sufficient justification for extraordinary relief under Rule 60(b)(6). The government made no argument regarding the missing language in paragraph nine of the stipulation.
In a short opinion, the district court agreed with the government:
We find that defendants, who were aware of the foreclosure proceedings held on March 10, 1980, have failed to assert any justifiable grounds for waiting over five years before coming to the Court to complain of the Government’s alleged breach of its duties under the stipulation.
Even assuming defendants’ position is correct and that it was for the Court to assess the deficiency, the stipulation provided that this be done within 30 days from the sale. Thus, defendants have been aware since 1980 of the alleged breach of the stipulation they are raising at this time.
The judge never explicitly ruled on guarantors’ attempt to read additional language into the stipulation at the point of the typographical error. In denying the guarantors’ motion, the court did note, however, that “we do not read the stipulation as defendants do” and, when quoting the pertinent portion of the stipulation, inserted the word “deficiency” to make the affected sentence read as follows:
[Defendants acknowledge their debt as guarantors and agree to pay plaintiff for any possible deficiency outstanding after plaintiff auctions the mortgaged collateral and hereby confess to judgment up to the amount of said possible [deficiency] 30 days from the date of the auction. ...
This appeal followed.
II. FINALITY
By its own terms, Rule 60(b) applies only to final judgments. See Campos v. Puerto Rico Sun Oil Co., 536 F.2d 970, 972 n. 6 (1st Cir.1976). In ruling on the guarantors’ Rule 60(b)(6) motion, therefore, the district court inferentially held that the stipulated judgment was a final one. The guarantors now argue that this was error. Initially, we note that this argument comes somewhat suspectly from the guarantors, since it was they who requested Rule 60(b)(6) relief, and only Rule 60(b)(6) relief, in the district court. Nevertheless, the guarantors did argue to the district court that the stipulation was contingent upon further judicial proceedings. If that were true, the judgment would not be final, and so we cannot say that the argument has been waived. At any rate, we hold that the judgment was final.
The stated test for finality under Rule 60(b), like that of Rule 54, is whether the judgment is appealable. Solaroll Shade and Shutter Corp. v. Bio-Energy Systems, Inc., 803 F.2d 1130, 1131 (11th Cir. 1986). We recognize that while a consent judgment may become the final judgment of a court, it is not “appealable” in the usual sense. Nevertheless, by treating the provisions of a consent judgment as if they were part of a judicial decision on the merits, the appealability test can be a useful tool for determining finality. We also realize that finality “is frequently so close a question that decision of that issue either way can be supported with equally forceful arguments, and that it is impossible to devise a formula to resolve all marginal cases coming within what might well be called the ‘twilight zone’ of finality.” Gillespie v. United States Steel Corp., 379 U.S. 148, 152, 85 S.Ct. 308, 311, 13 L.Ed.2d 199 (1964). See also Massachusetts Ass’n for Retarded Citizens v. King, 643 F.2d 899, 904 n. 12 (1st Cir.1981).
The Court has said that, traditionally, an appealable final judgment is one that “ends the litigation on the merits and leaves nothing for the court to do but execute the judgment.” Stringfellow v. Concerned Neighbors in Action, — U.S. —, 107 S.Ct. 1177, 1181, 94 L.Ed.2d 389 (1987) (quoting Catlin v. United States, 324 U.S. 229, 233, 65 S.Ct. 631, 633, 89 L.Ed. 911 (1945)). In determining whether the litigation on the merits has ended, a practical rather than a technical approach should be used. Brown Shoe Co. v. United States, 370 U.S. 294, 306, 82 S.Ct. 1502, 1513, 8 L.Ed.2d 510 (1962); Cohen v. Beneficial Indus. Loan Corp., 337 U.S. 541, 546, 69 S.Ct. 1221, 1225, 93 L.Ed. 1528 (1949). The Court has also called for a balancing of two “competing considerations”: “the inconvenience and cost of piecemeal review on the one hand and the danger of denying justice by delay on the other.” Gillespie, 379 U.S. at 152-53, 85 S.Ct. at 311 (quoting Dickinson v. Petroleum Conversion Corp., 338 U.S. 507, 511, 70 S.Ct. 322, 94 L.Ed. 299 (1950)).
The guarantors’ finality argument is a simple one: when the parties signed the stipulation, they contemplated that the district court would have to make a final determination of indebtedness, therefore the judgment is not final. That argument, in turn, relies strongly on the language that the guarantors would read into the stipulation at the place of the typographical error. If, as the guarantors argue, the stipulation provided that they were to retain all defenses, then by implication it could not have been executed prior to a judicial consideration of those defenses. The district court, however, did not read the stipulation in that way but instead inserted the word “deficiency" to fill the gap. Since the issue of the missing words was squarely before the district court, we interpret the court’s action as a finding of fact and, under the circumstances, we cannot say that it was clearly erroneous. See 7 J. Moore & J. Lucas, Moore’s Federal Practice ¶ 60.28[3], at 60-325 (1987) (findings of fact in Rule 60(b) determinations are subject to clearly erroneous rule). We must, therefore, read the stipulation as found by the district court.
So read, the stipulation and judgment are final. The stipulation both established the liability of the guarantors and set a formula for damages. Cf. United States v. One Hundred Nineteen Thousand Nine Hundred Eighty Dollars, 680 F.2d 106, 107 (11th Cir.1982) (where stipulated judgment resolved both liability and damages, it was final for Rule 60(b) purposes). All that remained was for the government to carry out the foreclosure sale in accordance with the stipulation. It was, of course, possible — and indeed turned out to be the case— that the parties would dispute the adequacy of the government’s handling of the foreclosure. But the possibility of such a dispute does not necessarily undermine finality. A somewhat analogous case is Bell v. New Jersey, 461 U.S. 773, 103 S.Ct. 2187, 76 L.Ed.2d 312 (1983). In Bell, the United States Department of Education had issued orders assessing deficiencies against two states, but leaving for further “discussion” the method of payment. The question then arose whether the orders were final and the Supreme Court said:
The possibility of further proceedings in the agency to determine the method of repayment does not, in our view, render the orders less than “final.” The situation here corresponds to the ordinary adjudication by a trial court that a plaintiff has a right to damages. Although the judgment in favor of the plaintiff is not self-executing and he may have to undertake further proceedings to collect the damages awarded, that possibility does not prevent appellate review of the decision, which is final.
Id. at 779, 103 S.Ct. at 2191. Likewise here, we do not think that the possibility of future proceedings — including the present ones — prevented the judgment from becoming final.
To bolster their argument, the guarantors cite Laffey v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 642 F.2d 578 (D.C.Cir.1980). But Laf-fey is clearly distinguishable. The court order at issue in Laffey had determined the appropriateness of injunctive relief only, and left the issue of damages for future negotiation between the parties. The Laf-fey district court also said that any disputes relating to the negotiated damages should be referred to it for disposition. Id. at 584. Here, however, the issue of damages was resolved by the stipulation and the court did not indicate that it contemplated any further judicial intervention.
Although not specifically designed for judgments pursuant to settlement agreements, we think that the balancing of competing considerations proposed by the Supreme Court in Dickinson v. Petroleum Conversion Corp., 338 U.S. 507, 511, 70 S.Ct. 322, 324, 94 L.Ed. 299 (1950), provides a useful tool for analyzing finality in this case. On the one hand, the inconvenience and costs of piecemeal review lies in the fact that the government undertook certain obligations under the stipulation and, if the judgment was final, there would be no way to enforce those obligations short of a motion to set aside the judgment or a separate action for breach of contract. As already noted, however, we believe that a dispute over the government’s performance is sufficiently collateral to the underlying action so as not to preclude finality, especially since Rule 60(b) provides a mode of relief short of filing an entirely new action.
The competing consideration under Dickinson is the danger of denying justice through delay. The pertinent delay here is that of the government in being unable to enforce its judgment prior to the conclusion of an additional judicial determination. Through its own seven-year delay, the government has shown that speedy resolution of this case was not a primary concern. Moreover, we do not think that a short hearing following the foreclosure sale would have unduly hindered the government, even if it had been diligent. If, however, we treat the stipulation as if it were a judicial decision on the merits, the possibility of delay becomes a much more serious concern. With the central issues of liability and damages resolved, we think it would subvert the finality doctrine to indefinitely postpone the parties’ rights to appeal because of the possibility that, in the future, one of the parties might not live up to its obligations under the judgment. If a decision on the merits containing the same provisions as the stipulation would have been appealable, it follows that the stipulated judgment in this case was final for Rule 60(b) purposes. Cf. Bostick Foundry v. Lindberg, 797 F.2d 280, 283 (6th Cir. 1986) (“Once concluded, a settlement is as binding, conclusive, and final as if it had been incorporated into a judgment — ”), cert. denied, — U.S.—, 107 S.Ct. 953, 93 L.Ed.2d 1002 (1987); Zimmerman v. Quinn, 744 F.2d 81, 82 (10th Cir.1984) (consent judgments are indistinguishable from litigated judgments for purposes of Rule 60(b) relief). We next consider the guarantors’ request for relief from judgment under Rule 60(b)(6).
III. THE GUARANTORS’ RULE 60(b)(6) MOTION
The standard of review for denial of a Rule 60(b)(6) motion is simply stated. “For the purpose of this opinion, we take the facts to be as the [guarantors] allege, for all we are to do on this appeal is determine whether those allegations, if proved, would justify relief.” United States v. Cirami, 563 F.2d 26, 28 (2d Cir.1977); see also United States v. Karahalias, 205 F.2d 331, 333 (2d Cir.1953).
A. Timeliness
The district court’s decision was based solely on the ground that the guarantors waited too long after the foreclosure sale to file their motion for relief from judgment. Because a Rule 60(b)(6) motion is addressed to the sound discretion of the district court, Chang v. Smith, 778 F.2d 83, 85 (1st Cir.1985), we can reverse that decision only if the district court’s failure to find a justification for the guarantors’ delay is so unwarranted as to constitute an abuse of discretion. United States v. Berenguer, 821 F.2d 19, 20 (1st Cir.1987).
Rule 60(b) contains two separate time limits. Subsections (1) through (3), granting relief on account of mistake, excusable neglect, newly discovered evidence, fraud, or other misconduct, carry an absolute one-year time limit. Berenguer, 821 F.2d at 21; Chang, 778 F.2d at 85. Motions filed under subsections (4) through (6), which cover relief from void or discharged judgments, from judgments which should no longer have prospective application, or for “any other reason,” need only be filed within a “reasonable” time. For that reason, and because subsection (6) has a catch-all quality, relief under subsection (6) is only appropriate where subsections (1) through (5) do not apply. Klapprott v. United States, 335 U.S. 601, 613, 69 S.Ct. 384, 389, 93 L.Ed. 266, modified, 336 U.S. 942 (1949); Chang, 778 F.2d at 85. In determining temporal reasonableness under subsection (6), we must review “the specific circumstances of the case,” while bearing in mind that subsection (6) relief “is reserved for extraordinary cases in which the unusual circumstances justify a party’s delay.” Berenguer, 821 F.2d at 21. See also Ackermann v. United States, 340 U.S. 193, 71 S.Ct. 209, 95 L.Ed. 207 (1950) (denying relief under subsection (6) for failure to establish extraordinary circumstances).
This case comes to us in a procedural posture similar to that presented to the Supreme Court in Klapprott v. United States, 335 U.S. 601, 69 S.Ct. 384, 93 L.Ed. 266, modified, 336 U.S. 942 (1949). The petitioner in Klapprott was born in Germany, but in 1933 was granted a certificate of naturalization as an American citizen. Nine years later, the government moved in United States District Court to revoke the petitioner’s citizenship on the ground that his oath of allegiance had been falsified. During the sixty days that the petitioner had to answer the complaint, he was arrested on separate criminal charges and confined in a federal prison. For the next four and a half years, the petitioner was held continuously on a series of charges, all of which were eventually overturned by the courts. Meanwhile, when the petitioner failed to answer the government’s complaint, a default judgment was entered against him and his certificate of naturalization cancelled. In moving for relief from default, the petitioner set forth a series of factual allegations relating to his inability to defend the denaturalization proceedings while in federal custody. The government did not deny any of the alleged facts.
While accepting the undenied allegations as true, the district court denied the requested relief, citing a four-year delay in filing for relief as “willful and inexcusable neglect.” 335 U.S. at 603, 69 S.Ct. at 385. The court of appeals affirmed, but the Supreme Court reversed. Agreeing with the district court that the petitioner’s undenied factual allegations must be accepted as true, the Court found that they “certainly” justified the petitioner’s delay in filing for relief. Id. at 615, 69 S.Ct. at 390. For one thing, the default was entered “at a time when [the] Government was then holding the citizen in jail with no reasonable opportunity for him effectively to defend his right to citizenship.” Id. Finding that Rule 60(b)(6) “vests power in courts adequate to enable them to vacate judgments whenever such action is appropriate to accomplish justice,” the Court said that, based on the allegations before it, the default judgment should be set aside. Id.
Likewise here, the guarantors have set forth a number of verified and uncontested factual allegations relating to their delay in seeking Rule 60(b)(6) relief. Treating these allegations as true, our task is to decide whether there are any extraordinary and unusual circumstances in this case which justified the guarantors in waiting until after the government’s belated effort to execute the judgment to file their motion for relief. We think that there are. Accordingly, we hold that the district court abused its discretion in denying the motion without a hearing.
First, the uncontroverted affidavits before the district court established that, during the period between the foreclosure sale in 1980 and the request for certification of judgment in 1984, three successive Assistant United States Attorneys assured the guarantors that the government would not attempt to collect on the guarantors’ obligation until there had been a judicial determination of indebtedness. This government assurance to the guarantors was not addressed by the district court. Although it is sometimes permissible to proceed on affidavits alone in ruling on a Rule 60(b)(6) motion, see 7 J. Moore & J. Lucas, Moore’s Federal Practice ¶ 60.28[3], at 60-324 to 325 (1987), a district court following that course cannot ignore one party’s uncontested allegations. Here, the government filed no counteraffidavits nor otherwise challenged the sworn allegations contained in the guarantors’ motions. As succinctly stated in its motion to dismiss, the government’s position was “that the allegations set forth in defendants’ motion preclude application of [Rule 60(b)(6)].”
We think it irrelevant that the stipulated judgment is a final one not necessitating further judicial action. The point is that, because the government initially promised not to execute on the judgment until there had been a judicial determination of indebtedness, the guarantors had no reason to file their Rule 60(b)(6) motion prior to the time the government changed its mind in 1985 and undertook collection.
In addition to its repeated promises not to immediately execute on the judgment, the government’s substantial delay in actually attempting to enforce its rights under the stipulation is a second important factor bearing on the reasonableness of the guarantors’ delay. The government harshly criticizes the guarantors for waiting five years after the foreclosure sale to file their Rule 60(b)(6) motion, but is unable to explain its own lack of diligence in waiting seven years after the signing of the stipulation to ask for payment. Such a lengthy delay could have created the impression in the guarantors that the government was simply not interested in pursuing the matter at all. The government’s delay takes on greater significance in light of a third factor: the government’s apparent breach of its own obligations under the stipulation.
The stipulation provides that the foreclosure proceeds, with the protective bid amount as a minimum, would be applied “in complete or partial satisfaction” of the guarantors’ debt. Yet the government waited two years to hold a foreclosure sale —during which time many of the goods in its possession were stolen or destroyed— and failed to enter a protective bid at the auction. We need not decide here the merits of the claim that the government breached its contractual obligations. For the purpose of determining whether the motion was filed within a “reasonable” time, the appropriate inquiry is simply whether the guarantors’ conclusion that a material breach had occurred was a reasonable one. We think that it was. The guarantors had good reason to think that the government would not, perhaps could not, force them to honor the settlement agreement. Further, as a result of the government’s apparent breach, the amount owing under the agreement, if any, was a matter of considerable uncertainty. To be sure, the government provided the guarantors with receipts from the 1980 auction and, with these, the guarantors could have mechanically calculated their potential liability under the stipulation of settlement. But until EDA provided a statement of account in 1985, the guarantors had good reason to believe that the government would credit them with the appraised value of the collateral or allow some other offset to compensate for the government’s failure to treat the appraisal as a protective bid. No one has suggested that, once the government did announce its intention to hold the War-shaws to the entire $146,277.19 deficiency, the guarantors did not act promptly to have the judgment set aside in Puerto Rico.
Thus, while we recognize that the district court has considerable discretion in disposing of Rule 60(b)(6) motions, we find that the circumstances of this case do not support the district court’s conclusion that the motion was time-barred because it was not filed immediately after the foreclosure sale. It would result in manifest unfairness to deny relief to the guarantors on account of their failure to seek Rule 60(b)(6) relief prior to the government’s 1985 collection effort, when: (1) the government lulled the guarantors into delaying through its promises, (2) the government itself delayed two years in holding a foreclosure sale and another five years in demanding payment, and (3) the government apparently breached its obligations under the settlement agreement. The government especially should not be allowed by words and inaction to lull a party into a false sense of security and then by an abrupt volte-face strip the party of its defenses without a hearing.
B. Extraordinary Circumstances
Even if timely filed, the Rule 60(b)(6) motion for relief from judgment must still establish that there are extraordinary circumstances warranting relief in order for the guarantors to prevail. See Ackermann, 340 U.S. at 199-202, 71 S.Ct. at 212-14; Berenguer, 821 F.2d at 21. The extraordinary circumstances claimed by the guarantors relate to the government’s alleged twofold breach of its obligations under the settlement agreement: its failure to enter a protective bid at the auction, and its failure to safeguard NMP’s assets pending the sale. The issue of the government’s alleged breach was before the district court, having been briefed both by the guarantors and by the government, but, because the district court found the motion time-barred, the question was not reached. On appeal, the merits of the guarantors’ claim for relief, as well as the timeliness issue, has again been presented by the parties.
Faced with a similar situation in Klap-prott, the Supreme Court relied on the petitioner’s undenied allegations to reach the merits of whether there were sufficient extraordinary circumstances for relief from judgment. It decided that there were, and its original decision read: “The judgments accordingly are reversed and the cause is remanded to the District Court with instructions to set aside the judgment by default....” 335 U.S. at 616, 69 S.Ct. at 391. Without explanation, this judgment was later modified to read: “The judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed and the cause is remanded to the District Court with directions to receive evidence on the truth or falsity of the allegations contained in petitioner’s petition to vacate the default judgment entered in the denaturalization proceedings.” 336 U.S. at 942, 69 S.Ct. 391. Later courts, interpreting this modification, have held that when reviewing a district court denial of a Rule 60(b)(6) motion based on uncontested allegations, the appropriate course is for the court of appeals to decide whether the allegations, if proven, would justify relief. If so, the district court should be directed to hold an evidentiary hearing in order to determine if the allegations are indeed true; if not, the district court’s decision should be affirmed. See United States v. Cirami, 563 F.2d 26, 28-29 (2d Cir.1977); United States v. Kar- ahalias, 205 F.2d 331, 333 (2d Cir. 1953); United States v. Backofen, 176 F.2d 263, 269 (3d Cir.1949).
Thus, while we have already held that the district court erred in dismissing the motion on timeliness grounds, we go on to consider whether, on the facts presented, the guarantors have made out a claim for relief under Rule 60(b)(6). As a legal matter, it is well-accepted that the material breach of a settlement agreement which has been incorporated into the judgment of a court entitles the nonbreaching party to relief from judgment under Rule 60(b)(6). See, e.g., Fairfax Countywide Citizens Ass’n v. Fairfax County, 571 F.2d 1299, 1302-03 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1047, 99 S.Ct. 722, 58 L.Ed.2d 706 (1978); Aro Corp. v. Allied Witan Co., 65 F.R.D. 513, 514 (N.D.Ohio 1975), aff'd, 531 F.2d 1368, 1371 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 862, 97 S.Ct. 165, 50 L.Ed.2d 140 (1976); McGoff v. Rapone, 78 F.R.D. 8, 23 (E.D.Pa. 1978). This accords with the purpose of Rule 60(b)(6). “Where the [settlement] agreement is made, as here, under the eyes of the court, it is a most solemn undertaking, requiring the lawyers, as officers of the court, to make every reasonable effort to carry it through to a successful conclusion.” Warner v. Rossignol, 513 F.2d 678, 682 (1st Cir.1975). Material breach of such a solemn obligation presents an extraordinary situation of permitting a party to benefit from a judgment the terms of which it has deliberately disregarded. Since the guarantors had no opportunity to raise the government’s alleged breach, their only remedy, if the judgment is not vacated, would be to pay out the disputed amount and then try to recoup the money in a separate action for breach of contract.
We must, therefore, on the facts alleged, decide whether the government has materially breached its obligations under the settlement agreement. The first breach claimed by the guarantors relates to paragraph 9(e) of the stipulation, which provides: “Plaintiff will have the chattels to be foreclosed appraised by an official appraiser of the Small Business Administration, and the value assigned them will serve as a protective bid at the foreclosure sale.” While such an appraisal was made, the government did not enter a protective bid at the auction. The government now argues that the stipulation should be read so as not to actually require it to enter a protective bid. According to the government’s brief, the stipulation provides that the appraised value “was to serve as [a] protective bid, not that S.B.A. was going to make the protective bid.” (Emphasis in original). The government offers no substantiation for this conclusory assertion, which is unsupportable on the record before us.
The Small Business Administration— which was representing EDA in the matter of the NMP loan — routinely makes and enters protective bids at auctions when it forecloses on outstanding debts. E.g., United States v. Warwick, 695 F.2d 1063, 1066 (7th Cir.1982); McIntyre v. Ticor Title Ins. Co., 658 F.Supp. 944, 947 (D.Alaska 1986); United States v. Champion Sprayer Co., 500 F.Supp. 708, 710 (E.D.Mich. 1980). The purpose of a protective bid, in the SBA’s own words, is “to insure that the equipment does not sell at less than its under-the-hammer value; that it doesn’t sell too cheaply.” United States v. Whitehouse Plastics, 501 F.2d 692, 696 (5th Cir. 1974), cert. denied, 421 U.S. 912, 95 S.Ct. 1566, 43 L.Ed.2d 777 (1975). Obviously, that purpose, or indeed any purpose at all, would not be served if the SBA simply appraised NMP’s assets for the purpose of establishing what a protective bid might be, without actually making the bid at the auction. The appraisal could not possibly “serve” as a protective bid, as the stipulation requires, unless the government entered the bid at the auction. On the facts before us, we therefore reject the government’s interpretation of the agreement and hold that the government was obliged under the agreement to enter a protective bid at the auction. The government's failure to do so was a material breach.
Although, as we note below, the stipulation of settlement is a contract superseding the original guaranty, it still evidences the guarantors’ debt to the government in relation to NMP’s loan and, as such, must be construed as a matter of federal law. 13 C.F.R. § 101.1(d)(2) (1987). In determining materiality in federal contract law, courts look to all the circumstances surrounding the contract and the breach and are also guided by general principles of contract law and the Restatement (Second) of Contracts (1979). Eastern Illinois Trust & Sav. Bank v. Sanders, 826 F.2d 615, 616 (7th Cir.1987); Ferrell v. Secretary of Defense, 662 F.2d 1179, 1181 (5th Cir.1981). Here, the factors set forth in section 241 of the Restatement, as well as good sense, dictate that the breach was material. First, because no protective bid was entered, the guarantors received only a credit of $37,227 for the assets auctioned off instead of the $128,000 appraised value they reasonably expected, and, second, the government has not offered to cure its breach nor otherwise indicated an intention to deal in good faith with the guarantors. This means that, based on the facts before us, the judgment entered pursuant to the settlement agreement should be vacated. The case must be remanded to the district court for a hearing at which the truth or falsity of the guarantors’ allegations can be determined.
At that time, the district court should also consider the second breach alleged by the guarantors: the government’s failure to proceed diligently and in good faith when foreclosing on NMP’s assets. The guarantors argue that as a result of the government’s failure to safeguard the NMP assets in its possession, the goods were stolen and vandalized and their value substantially diminished by the time of the auction, leaving the guarantors with an inadequate credit. The government has not argued — either in the district court or on appeal — that it in fact acted diligently. Rather, its position is this: “The stipulation does not require the United States to proceed diligently, post guards or protect the factory in other ways. If Defendants-Appellants wanted this wording in the stipulation they should have included it there.” The government is, of course, correct to the extent it claims that the stipulation does not explicitly provide that the government had to act diligently in protecting the loan collateral prior to the auction. The guarantors are not, however, simply relying on a literal reading of the stipulation. Rather, they point to the established obligations of a mortgagee in possession diligently to protect the collateral in its possession, even when such an obligation is not reduced to writing in a particular agreement. The government’s answer to this is the waiver of defenses clause in the original guaranty but, as set out below, we think that this waiver argument misses the point.
It is well-established that when a secured creditor seizes and disposes of loan collateral after a default, the creditor must do so in good faith and in a commercially reasonable way. This obligation is incorporated into the Uniform Commercial Code, which has been enacted in forty-nine states and the District of Columbia. While, as we have noted above, the stipulation and guaranty must be construed as a matter of federal law, the courts in applying federal law in this area have repeatedly referred to the U.C.C. because it supplies a well-accepted and uniform rule. United States v. Cain, 736 F.2d 1195, 1197 (7th Cir.1984); United States v. Willis, 593 F.2d 247, 251-54 (6th Cir.1979); United States v. Conrad Pub. Co., 589 F.2d 949, 953 (8th Cir.1978); United States v. Terrey, 554 F.2d 685, 691-93 (5th Cir.1977). A secured creditor’s duty of commercial reasonableness under the U.C.C. includes diligently safeguarding loan collateral in its possession. E.g., Bank of Josephine v. Conn, 599 S.W.2d 773 (Ky.Ct.App.1980); T. Quinn, Quinn’s Uniform Commercial Code Commentary and Law Digest H 9-504[A][4][k] (Cum. Supp. No. 2 1986). Where a creditor does not act in a commercially reasonable way, the debtor may either defend collection proceedings under section 9-504 on that ground or may affirmatively seek to restrain the creditor before sale under section 9-507(1). Willis, 593 F.2d at 257-58. Moreover, absent an effective waiver of defenses, the duty of commercial reasonableness has been said to extend to guarantors as well as the primary debtor. E.g., Willis, 593 F.2d at 254-56 (collecting cases); Terrey, 554 F.2d at 691-93.
As the government points out, the original guaranty did contain a clause waiving all defenses, including all rights to the loan collateral. This court and other courts have upheld this exact waiver of defenses clause, which is part of the SBA standard form guaranty, and have said that once guarantors agree to this clause, the SBA does not owe them a duty of commercial reasonableness in handling loan collateral. United States v. Mallett, 782 F.2d 302, 302-04 (1st Cir.1986); United States v. Cain, 736 F.2d 1195, 1197-99 (7th Cir. 1984); United States v. H & S Realty Co., 647 F.Supp. 1415, 1417-25 (D.Me.1986). But contrary to the government’s assertion, these cases are inapposite here, because the guaranty has been superseded by a stipulation of settlement. Unlike the guaranty, the stipulation does oblige the government to foreclose on the loan collateral in satisfaction of the guarantors’ debt. In upholding the waiver clause in Mallett, we explicitly noted that the government had not made such a superseding promise to the guarantors. 782 F.2d at 303. The law is clear that in construing the government’s obligations under the stipulation, the merits of its underlying claim on the guaranty are irrelevant. See Bostick Foundry v. Lindberg, 797 F.2d 280, 283 (6th Cir.1986) (once a settlement agreement is concluded, the merits of the antecedent claims will not thereafter be examined), cert. denied, — U.S.—, 107 S.Ct. 953, 93 L.Ed.2d 1002 (1987); Clinton Street Greater Bethlehem Church v. City of Detroit, 484 F.2d 185, 189 (6th Cir.1973) (same); Autera v. Robinson, 419 F.2d 1197, 1201 n. 17 (D.C.Cir.1969) (same). To the extent the government had an obligation of commercial reasonableness in handling NMP’s assets under the stipulation of settlement, it was therefore unaffected by the waiver of defenses language in the guaranty.
Based on the facts before us, it seems likely that a breach of the government’s commercial reasonableness obligation has occurred, but the guarantors’ allegations are incomplete on this point. Since the case must be remanded for an evidentiary hearing in the district court on the grounds set out above, we think that the best course is for the district court, at that time, to make a determination on the alleged breach of the commercial reasonableness obligation as well. A material breach of that obligation would, of course, constitute an independent ground for vacating the judgment entered pursuant to the settlement agreement.
Should the district court vacate the judgment on account of material breach, we note that it also has the power to enforce the settlement agreement, which is a contract, and to determine the amount owed, if any, by the guarantors to the government. See, e.g., Joy Mfg. v. National Mine Serv. Co., 810 F.2d 1127, 1128 (Fed.Cir.1987); Aro Corp. v. Allied Witan Co., 531 F.2d 1368, 1371 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 862, 97 S.Ct. 165, 50 L.Ed.2d 140 (1976); Meetings & Expositions, Inc. v. Tandy Corp., 490 F.2d 714, 717 (2d Cir.1974); Lichtenstein v. Lichtenstein, 454 F.2d 69, 71 (3d Cir.1972). This power to enforce “has its basis in the policy favoring settlement of disputes and the avoidance of costly and time-consuming litigation.” Kukla v. National Distillers Prods. Co., 483 F.2d 619, 621 (6th Cir.1973). In order to ensure that settlement agreements are an effective form of dispute resolution, district courts who enter judgment pursuant to such an agreement necessarily have the power to mandate compliance with it. Mathewson Corp. v. Allied Marine Indus., Inc., 827 F.2d 850, 852 (1st Cir.1987) (“Without doubt, a district court possesses the authority to insure due compliance with [a court-approved settlement].”).
IV. SUMMARY
On remand, the district court shall hold a hearing and determine first whether the guarantors can prove the affidavit allegations as to the delay in filing their Rule 60(b)(6) motion. If the court finds that they are proven, then the guarantors shall have an opportunity to prove alleged breaches of the stipulation. If the court finds that one or both of the alleged breaches has been proven, then the motion for relief from judgment shall be granted.
Reversed and remanded.
. The district court made few factual findings. The facts here are drawn largely from the stipulation of settlement and the allegations in the guarantors’ verified motions filed in the district court, which have not been disputed by the government.
. The May 15, 1978 judgment was entered only against Bernard Baus, Robert Warshaw, and Samuel Casey. On September 7, 1978, the judgment was amended to include the spouses Re-gine Baus, Imogene Casey, and Elaine War-shaw.
. The expenses were largely attributable to the cost of security guards which the government began posting on December 29, 1979, after the finished inventory had disappeared.
. 28 U.S.C. § 2413 provides:
A writ of execution on a judgment obtained for the use of the United States in any court thereof shall be issued from and made returnable to the court which rendered the judgment, but may be executed in any other State, in any Territory, or in the District of Columbia.
. 28 U.S.C. § 1963 provides in pertinent part:
A judgment in an action for the recovery of money or property now or hereafter entered in any district court which has become final by appeal or expiration of time for appeal may be registered in any other district by filing therein a certified copy of such judgment. A judgment so registered shall have the same effect as a judgment of the district court of the district where registered and may be enforced in like manner.
.Additional factual allegations are contained in the guarantors’ verified reply to the government's motion to dismiss.
. Rule 60(b) provides in pertinent part:
(b) Mistakes; Inadvertence; Excusable Neglect; Newly Discovered Evidence; Fraud, etc. On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or a party’s legal representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; (2) newly discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(b); (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation or other misconduct of an adverse party; (4) the judgment is void; (5) the judgment has been satisfied, released, or discharged, or a prior judgment upon which it is based has been reversed or otherwise vacated, or it is no longer equitable that the judgment should have prospective application; or (6) any other reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment. The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) not more than one year after the judgment, order, or proceeding was entered or taken.
. The guarantors’ original Rule 60(b)(6) motion did request a stay under Rule 62(b), but only as an interim matter pending disposition of the Rule 60(b)(6) motion.
. Section 101.1(d)(2) provides:
Instruments evidencing a loan, obligation of security interest in real or personal property payable to or held by the Administration or the Administrator, such as promissory notes, bonds, guaranty agreements, mortgages, deeds of trust, and other evidences of debt or security shall be construed and enforced in accordance with applicable Federal law.
. Section 241 provides:
Circumstances Significant in Determining Whether a Failure Is Material In determining whether a failure to render or to offer performance is material, the following circumstances are significant:
(a)the extent to which the injured party will be deprived of the benefit which he reasonably expected;
(b) the extent to which the injured party can be adequately compensated for the part of that benefit of which he will be deprived;
(c) the extent to which the party failing to perform or to offer to perform will suffer forfeiture;
(d) the likehood that the party failing to perform or to offer to perform will cure his failure, taking account of all the circumstances including any reasonable assurances;
(e) the extent to which the behavior of the party failing to perform or to offer to perform comports with standards of good faith and fair dealing.
.U.C.C. § 9-504 provides in relevant part:
(1) A secured party after default may sell, lease or otherwise dispose of any or all of the collateral in its then condition or following
any commercially reasonable preparation or processing.
(3) Disposition of the collateral may be by public or private proceedings and may be made by way of one or more contracts. Sale or other disposition may be as a unit or in parcels and at any time and place and on any terms but every aspect of the disposition including the method, manner, time, place and terms must be commercially reasonable. U.C.C. § 9-207 provides in relevant part:
(1) A secured party must use reasonable care in the custody and preservation of collateral in his possession.
(3) A secured party is liable for any loss caused by his failure to meet any obligation imposed by the preceding subsections but does not lose his security interest. U.C.C. § 1-203 provides:
Every contract or duty within this Act imposes an obligation of good faith in its performance or enforcement.
. U.C.C. § 9-507(1) provides in relevant part: If it is established that the secured party is not proceeding in accordance with the provisions of this Part disposition may be ordered or restrained on appropriate terms and conditions. Comment No. 1 to section 9-507(1) provides in relevant part:
The principal limitation on the secured party’s right to dispose of collateral is the requirement that he proceed in good faith (Section 1-203) and in a commercially reasonable manner. See Section 9-504. In the case where he proceeds, or is about to proceed, in a contrary manner, it is vital both to the debtor and other creditors to provide a remedy for the failure to comply with the statutory duty. This remedy will be of particular importance when it is applied prospectively before the unreasonable disposition has been concluded. This Section, therefore, provides that a secured party proposing to dispose of collateral in an unreasonable manner, may, by court order, be restrained from doing so, and such an order might appropriately provide either that he proceed with the sale or other disposition under specified terms and conditions, or that the sale be made by a representative of creditors where insolvency proceedings have been instituted. The Section further provides for damages where the unreasonable disposition has been concluded, and, in the case of consumer goods, states a minimum recovery.
. We recognize that some courts have recently questioned a district court's ability to enforce a settlement agreement in some situations. E.g., McCall-Bey v. Franzen, 777 F.2d 1178 (7th Cir. 1985); Londono v. City of Gainesville, 768 F.2d 1223, 1227 (11th Cir.1985); Fairfax Countywide Citizens Ass’n v. Fairfax County, 571 F.2d 1299, 1302-03 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1047, 99 S.Ct. 722, 58 L.Ed.2d 706 (1978). These cases are grounded in a strict view of federal subject matter jurisdiction, the idea being that while federal courts necessarily have the power to vacate their own judgments, they do not necessarily have jurisdiction to hear collateral disputes arising under state contract law, at least not where the district court has not explicitly retained jurisdiction, McCall-Bey, 777 F.2d at 1186-90, or where the district court has not approved of the settlement agreement and incorporated it into an order of the court, Fairfax, 571 F.2d at 1303 n. 8, or where there is not some independent basis for federal jurisdiction over the contract dispute. Fairfax, 571 F.2d at 1303 n. 8. Not all courts have agreed with the McCall-Bey/Londono/Fairfax approach, however, and some still maintain that federal courts have inherent jurisdiction to enforce settlement agreements. Eg., Kent v. Baker, 815 F.2d 1395, 1398-1400 (11th Cir.1987) (disagreeing with Londono); Joy Mfg. v. National Mine Serv. Co., 810 F.2d 1127, 1128 (Fed.Cir.1987); Bostick Foundry v. Lindberg, 197 F.2d 280, 283 (6th Cir.1986), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 107 S.Ct. 953, 93 L.Ed.2d 1002 (1987); Estate of Jones v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 795 F.2d 566, 573 (6th Cir.1986). In this case, it is unnecessary to choose sides in this ongoing debate. Where the United States is a party, the federal courts have jurisdiction over the contract dispute. U.S. Const, art. Ill, § 2, cl. 1; 28 U.S.C. §§ 1345-46.
. We leave it for the district court to make the requisite findings of fact in this regard; nothing contained herein should be construed as expressing any opinion on our part as to whether or not any of the alleged breaches occurred.
| CASELAW |
Article
Novel Use of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanoparticles for Fluorescent Nucleic Acid Detection
State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin, China.
ACS combinatorial science 02/2012; 14(3):191-6. DOI: 10.1021/co2001394
Source: PubMed
ABSTRACT In this paper, we demonstrate the novel use of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanoparticle as a very effective fluorescent sensing platform for the detection of nucleic acid sequences. The principle of the assay lies in the fact that the adsorption of the fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probe by PEDOT nanoparticle leads to substantial fluorescence quenching, followed by specific hybridization with the complementary region of the target DNA sequence. This results in desorption of the hybridized complex from PEDOT nanoparticle surface and subsequent recovery of fluorescence. A detection limit as low as 30 pM could be achieved in this sensing system. We also demonstrate its application for multiplexed detection of nucleic acid sequences. Furthermore, this sensing system can realize the detection of single-base mismatch even in multiplexed format. It is of importance to note that the successful use of this sensing platform in human blood serum system is also demonstrated.
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ABSTRACT: The formation of specific interaction between poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and adenine (A), cytosine (C) and thymine (T) single stranded homonucleotides has been investigated, complementing our previous investigation on complexes formed by PEDOT and guanine (G) homonucleotide (B. Teixeira-Dias et al, Soft Matter, 2011, 7, 9922–9932). Results derived from UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopy suggest that A and, especially, C homonucleotides form adducts dominated by non-specific electrostatic interactions, while complexes with T homonucleotides show a behavior that differ from those found for A-, C- and G-containing systems. Results provided by molecular dynamics simulations were consistent with these experimental observations. Thus, specific interactions are much less abundant in A- and C-containing complexes than in those involving G. Moreover, simulations allowed us to detect a structural re-organization in the T-containing complexes, which occurs after their initial formation. This has been attributed to the optimization of electrostatic interactions rather than to the formation of new specific interactions, as was previously found in complexes with G. From the analysis of the interaction of the different nucleotides with an EDOT molecule it is concluded that the most stabilizing specific interaction corresponds to the formation of N-HOEDOT hydrogen bonds. Stabilization comes from electrostatic interactions, although the covalent contribution is non negligible.
RSC Advances 12/2012; 3(8). DOI:10.1039/C2RA22640E · 3.84 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A novel one-step electrochemical synthesis of the reduced graphene oxide and poly(m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, ABSA) nanocomposite (PABSA-rGNO) via pulse potentiostatic method (PPM) for direct and freely switchable detection of target genes is presented. Unlike the most of electrochemical preparation of hybrids based on rGNO and polymer, electrochemical synthesis of PABSA (during the pulse electropolymerization section of PPM) and electrochemical reduction of rGNO (during the resting section of PPM), in this paper, were alternately performed. The total progress synchronously resulted in PABSA-rGNO nanocomposite. This nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The PABSA-rGNO nanocomposite integrated graphene (a single-atom thick, two-dimensional sheet of sp2 bonded conjugated carbon) with PABSA (owning rich-conjugated structures, functional groups, and excellent electrochemical activity), which could serve as an ideal electrode material for biosensing and electrochemical cell, etc. As an example, the immobilization of the specific probe DNA was successfully conducted via noncovalent method due to the π-π* interaction between conjugated nanocomposite and DNA bases. The hybridization between the probe DNA and target DNA induced the product dsDNA to be released from conjugated nanocomposite, accompanied with the self-signal regeneration of nanocomposite ("signal-on"). The self-signal changes served as a powerful tool for direct and freely switchable detection of different target genes and the synergistic effect of PABSA-rGNO nanocomposite effectively improved the sensitivity for the target DNA detection.
Analytical Chemistry 12/2012; 85(3). DOI:10.1021/ac3030009 · 5.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: DNA hairpin structure probes are usually designed by forming intra-molecular duplex based on Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds. In this paper, a molecular beacon based on silver ions-mediated cytosine-Ag(+)-cytosine base pairs was used to detect DNA. The inherent characteristic of the metal ligation facilitated the design of functional probe and the adjustment of its binding strength compared to traditional DNA hairpin structure probes, which make it be used to detect DNA in a simple, rapid and easy way with the help of DNA strands displacement reaction. The method was sensitive and also possesses the good specificity to differentiate the single base mismatched DNA from the complementary DNA. It was also successfully applied to study the damage effect of classic genotoxicity chemicals such as styrene oxide and sodium arsenite on DNA, which was significant in food science, environmental science and pharmaceutical science.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 10/2013; 118C:806-810. DOI:10.1016/j.saa.2013.09.084 · 2.13 Impact Factor
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Talk:The Shackled City Adventure Path
On Spoilers
Just a heads up for anyone tweaking the spoilers section: Even the individual adventure titles can be spoilers. So I suggest leaving the individual adventure titles in a section labelled spoiler. This is why (for example) I don't name the adventure added to the hardcover book in the introduction.
For an example of a spoiler (SPOILER!), as a player only up to "The Demonskar Legacy", knowing that the next chapter is "Test of the Smoking Eye" is a big deal as the Smoking Eye is a concept revealed in "Zenith Trajectory" that I was (up to today) unaware we would be encountering again. Indeed, it suggests that Zenith might actually be a prophet, and not (just) insane.
Alan De Smet | Talk 16:45, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
* For anyone who's come across this talk page in the decade and a half since 2007, see WP:SPOILERS for an explanation of current practice. V2Blast (talk) 07:20, 5 April 2020 (UTC)
Set in Greyhawk?
The text currently reads that the Cauldron is "nominally" set in the World of Greyhawk. I'm not sure that's correct. I downloaded the PDF of the introduction from the Paizo Web site, and that says: "The Shackled City Adventure Path is not set in any particular campaign world. It uses deities from the core D&D pantheon, and some proper names from the Greyhawk campaign setting, but the campaign itself has been designed for easy integration into any Dungeons & Dragons campaign." (Page 5). Perhaps the wording in the article should be adjusted? Fairsing 23:23, 22 June 2006 (UTC)
* SCAP appears to have originally been set in a "generic" setting. However, about midway through the AP, someone decided to set the series in Greyhawk (there's a reference to the Amedio Jungle in one of the adventures (perhaps in the "Demonskar Legacy"? I'm not sure). In addition, when Paizo released its Greyhawk map, the cities of Cauldron & Sasserine were plainly noted in the southwestern portion. There are also references to Cauldron, Sasserine, & Redgorge in the Age of Worms AP, & the Savage Tide AP begins in Sasserine. Since both of the later APs are so heavily saturated with Greyhawk references and history, and have clear connections to the first AP, one can safely assume that Cauldron is, at least, "nominally" set in GH.--Robbstrd 02:41, 24 June 2006 (UTC)
* Great, thanks for clarifying. Fairsing 06:10, 24 June 2006 (UTC)
* No problem.--Robbstrd 08:48, 24 June 2006 (UTC)
Someone just tried to remove all references to Greyhawk from the article without comment. I restored these. While it would be good to have a detailed discussion of the late shift of setting, the hardcover version is clearly set in Greyhawk, including maps that refernece many Greyhawk locations; Greyhawk deities and other powers; etc. It's hard to separate many references to the core setting from Greyhawk because they are the same on so many levels, however, Sasserine, the Amedio Jungle and the Hellfurnaces are not part of the core setting. Therefore, given that they are mentioned repeatedly and early in the hardcover, we should be clear about what setting they refer to in the article. -Harmil 23:15, 14 October 2006 (UTC)
* I know this is quite a bit after the fact, but, I wanted to make a helpful clarification in the event anyone tries the "Removing Greyhawk from the Article" thing again.
* While I'm fairly sure Sasserine may've been a new place for the adventure, the Amedio Jungle and Hellfurnaces absolutely were in the "core" world. For example, the 3rd Edition DMG and the "splat books", such as Sword and Fist, Tome and Blood, Defenders of the Faith', etc. had very exact language in them regarding the world in which D&D was set. They included specific statements in the intros of the books delineating which world was core in case there was ambiguity. Additionally, the D&D Gazetteer was very clear on the topic of defining what the "core world" was. The D&D Gazetteer included both the Amedio and Hellfurnaces - on p22 and p24, respectively. "Sword and Fist, p4. wrote: 'When place names are given, these names refer to the D&D world, as defined in the D&D Gazetteer.' D&D Gazeteer, Ch.1, p.2 wrote: 'This is the core world for D&D game products … The D&D game setting is located on the sphere of Oerth, most specifically on the continent of Oerik, in its easternmost portion called the Flanaess. 3.5 DMG, p.6 also calls '… the Greyhawk ® setting the standard D&D campaign setting …'." The "core" world is very clearly defined as being Greyhawk. -- IcarusATB (talk) 19:33, 24 June 2020 (UTC)
Publication Date
I believe the publication date was 25-Jul-2005. I don't see that in the main article, and am not sure where it goes so I didn't edit it in myself. RainOfSteel 18:27, 1 January 2007 (UTC)
Overly wide sidebar
There's no reason for a sidebar to be that wide, and the over-scaling of this image is only one good reason that it should never happen that way. -Harmil 18:20, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
* I reduced the image to 200 pix.--Robbstrd 00:39, 13 June 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
Amazon fires employees for leaking customer email addresses and phone numbers
For the second time in a week, Amazon has acknowledged that its employees improperly accessed customer data. The company notified customers Friday that it fired several employees after they shared customer email addresses and phone numbers with third parties. The news was first reported by TechCrunch. "The individuals responsible for this incident have been terminated and we are supporting law enforcement in their prosecution," an Amazon spokesperson said in a statement. Amazon said no other user information was shared. The company declined to say how many employees were terminated, the number of customers impacted by the incident or why the information was shared with third parties. The company notified affected users of the incident in an email on Friday, according to a customer email posted to Twitter. In the email, Amazon said it's against company policy for employees to share data with third parties. In a separate incident this week, Amazon said it fired four Ring employees for abusing their access to customers' video feeds. After it terminated the employees, Amazon said Ring now limits "such data access to a smaller number of team members" and will continue to review the access to those privileges, to determine whether "they have a continuing need for access to customer information." Amazon acknowledged a nearly identical incident in October 2018, when it fired an employee for sharing customer email addresses with a third party. In November 2018, Amazon disclosed an incident wherein an unknown number of customer names and email addresses were exposed due to a "technical error." The company also said it was investigating claims of employees leaking data for bribes, following a report from The Wall Street Journal. Third-party sellers have become increasingly crucial to Amazon's overall business, allowing it to greatly expand the selection of products available on its site. The marketplace now represents more than half of Amazon's overall sales and has attracted millions of third-party sellers who sell products on the platform. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
List of ambassadors of Russia to the United States
The Russian ambassador to the United States is the official representative of the president of the Russian Federation and the Russian government to the president of the United States and the United States government. The ambassador's official title is the ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation to the United States of America.
The ambassador and his staff work at large in the Embassy of Russia in Washington, D.C. The ambassador to the United States is concurrently appointed as the Russian representative to the Organization of American States. The ambassador's residence is located at 1125 16th Street Northwest. Russia also maintains consulates general in New York and Houston. Since 21 August 2017, the post of is held by Anatoly Antonov. | WIKI |
These are parameter generating functions that can be used for modeling, especially in conjunction with the parsnip package.
trees(range = c(1L, 2000L), trans = NULL)
min_n(range = c(2L, 40L), trans = NULL)
sample_size(range = c(unknown(), unknown()), trans = NULL)
sample_prop(range = c(1/10, 1), trans = NULL)
loss_reduction(range = c(-10, 1.5), trans = log10_trans())
tree_depth(range = c(1L, 15L), trans = NULL)
prune(values = c(TRUE, FALSE))
cost_complexity(range = c(-10, -1), trans = log10_trans())
Arguments
range
A two-element vector holding the defaults for the smallest and largest possible values, respectively.
trans
A trans object from the scales package, such as scales::log10_trans() or scales::reciprocal_trans(). If not provided, the default is used which matches the units used in range. If no transformation, NULL.
values
A vector of possible values (TRUE or FALSE).
Details
These functions generate parameters that are useful when the model is based on trees or rules.
• trees(): The number of trees contained in a random forest or boosted ensemble. In the latter case, this is equal to the number of boosting iterations. (See parsnip::rand_forest() and parsnip::boost_tree()).
• min_n(): The minimum number of data points in a node that is required for the node to be split further. (See parsnip::rand_forest() and parsnip::boost_tree()).
• sample_size(): The size of the data set used for modeling within an iteration of the modeling algorithm, such as stochastic gradient boosting. (See parsnip::boost_tree()).
• sample_prop(): The same as sample_size() but as a proportion of the total sample.
• loss_reduction(): The reduction in the loss function required to split further. (See parsnip::boost_tree()). This corresponds to gamma in xgboost.
• tree_depth(): The maximum depth of the tree (i.e. number of splits). (See parsnip::boost_tree()).
• prune(): A logical for whether a tree or set of rules should be pruned.
• cost_complexity(): The cost-complexity parameter in classical CART models.
Examples
trees()
#> # Trees (quantitative) #> Range: [1, 2000]
min_n()
#> Minimal Node Size (quantitative) #> Range: [2, 40]
sample_size()
#> # Observations Sampled (quantitative) #> Range: [?, ?]
loss_reduction()
#> Minimum Loss Reduction (quantitative) #> Transformer: log-10 #> Range (transformed scale): [-10, 1.5]
tree_depth()
#> Tree Depth (quantitative) #> Range: [1, 15]
prune()
#> Pruning (qualitative) #> 2 possible value include: #> TRUE and FALSE
cost_complexity()
#> Cost-Complexity Parameter (quantitative) #> Transformer: log-10 #> Range (transformed scale): [-10, -1] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
%0 Journal Article %A Van Lieshout, Ryan J. %A Boyle, Michael H. %A Saigal, Saroj %A Morrison, Katherine %A Schmidt, Louis A. %T Mental Health of Extremely Low Birth Weight Survivors in Their 30s %D 2015 %R 10.1542/peds.2014-3143 %J Pediatrics %P 452-459 %V 135 %N 3 %X OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk for psychiatric disorders among extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors in their early to mid-30s and to determine whether those born small for gestational age or those exposed to a full course of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) were at particularly high risk.METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal, population-based cohort of 84 ELBW survivors and 90 normal birth weight (NBW) control participants born in Ontario, Canada from 1977 to 1982 were assessed by interviewers naive to birth weight status using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview.RESULTS: ELBW survivors had lower odds of an alcohol or substance use disorder but higher odds of current non–substance-related psychiatric problems (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–5.14). Those born ELBW and SGA exhibited the same patterns with larger effects. ACS-exposed ELBW survivors had even higher odds of any current non–substance-related psychiatric disorder (OR = 4.41; 95% CI, 1.65–11.82), particularly generalized anxiety disorder (OR = 3.42; 95% CI, 1.06–11.06), the generalized type of social phobia (OR = 5.80; 95% CI, 1.20–27.99), and the inattentive subtype of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (OR = 11.45; 95% CI, 2.06–63.50).CONCLUSIONS: In their early to mid-30s, ELBW survivors were less likely to have alcohol or substance use disorders but may be at greater risk for other psychiatric problems. Those exposed to ACS were at especially high risk and manifested no reduction in alcohol or substance use disorders. ELBW survivors exposed to ACS may be a special group at risk for psychopathology in adulthood. %U https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/135/3/452.full.pdf | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
PMSE
PMSE can refer to:
* Polar mesospheric summer echoes, the phenomenon of anomalous radar echoes found in the polar atmosphere.
* Programme making and special events, a term used to denote equipment that is used to support broadcasting and other events.
* Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering Division, part of the American Chemical Society | WIKI |
Aisha Ghazal Mahdi
Aisha Ghazal Mahdi (عائشة المساري) (born 1971), is an Iraqi politician, member of the Council of Representatives since 2014 representing the Baghdad Governorate with the Muttahidoon between 2014 and 2018 and with National Coalition since 2018, being member of the Services and Constructions Committee. She got a bachelor's degree in Education and a certificate of higher qualification in Management. Previously served as a member of the Baghdad Provincial Council (2009-2014). | WIKI |
Routine Inspection And Maintenance Of Iko Plastic Bearings
Routine Inspection And Maintenance Of Iko Plastic Bearings
2022年2月27日
Importance Of Lubrication Of Koyo Self-Aligning Ball Bearing To Rolling Sound
Importance Of Lubrication Of Koyo Self-Aligning Ball Bearing To Rolling Sound
2022年2月28日
Causes And Maintenance Methods Affecting The Service Life Of Iko Self-Aligning Ball Bearing
Service Life
First, the bearing size is limited.
Self aligning ball bearings can usually be installed with limited space. In most cases, it is based on mechanical design or other design limitations.
The type and size of IKO bearings, so the decision to select the bearing diameter is based on. Therefore, the main dimension tables of standard self-aligning ball bearings are based on the diameter prepared by international standards.
In many forms, the standard bearing size is used in the design of mechanical equipment. The selection, size and direction of standard self-aligning ball bearings are constantly changing.
In general, the basic load rating is shown in the size of the table. However, axial load and radial load can also be an important factor in the selection of appropriate self-aligning ball bearings. When the size is quite long, IKO bearings usually have high load capacity and bear large vibration and impact loads.
2、 Speed of bearing.
The allowable speed is determined based on the type, size, accuracy, cage type, load, lubrication, cooling mode and other factors of self-aligning ball bearing.
IKO bearing table lists the allowable speed under the standard accuracy of lubricating oil bearing and grease. In general, deep groove ball bearings, self-aligning ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings are suitable for high-speed applications.
Causes And Maintenance Methods Affecting The Service Life Of Iko Self-Aligning Ball Bearing
3、 Tolerances for self-aligning ball bearings.
The dimensional accuracy and rotation accuracy of self-aligning ball bearings are based on International Organization for Service Life Standardization (ISO) and JIS standards. High precision, high-speed machinery, it is recommended to use five-year or more accurate self-aligning ball bearings,
deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings or cylindrical roller bearings, which are suitable Service Life for high machine operation accuracy. Rigid, self-aligning ball bearing will produce elastic deformation when the contact pressure between the roller and the raceway.
Some machines need to reduce elastic deformation. It has a smaller elastic deformation than ball bearing and roller bearing.
The maintenance of IKO bearing must also master the following points:
1. Regularly check the use status, and pay attention to whether there is abnormal noise and local sharp Service Life temperature rise at the part;
2. Fill lubricating oil or grease regularly and quantitatively as required;
3. According to the service condition of the vehicle, the lubricating oil shall be completely replaced at least once every six Service Life months and carefully checked;
4. Inspection method under maintenance: clean the disassembled with kerosene or gasoline, carefully observe whether there is sliding or creep on the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces,
whether there is peeling and pitting on the inner and outer raceway surfaces, whether the rolling Service Life element and cage are worn and deformed, etc., and judge whether they can continue to be used according to the comprehensive situation of IKO bearing inspection.
Key requirements of grease injection quantity for fag thin wall bearing lubrication
Precautions For Use Of Fag Tapered Roller Bearing Lubrication Device
For sealed thin-walled bearings, the production has been filled with appropriate grease, and the seal is set on the host to prevent grease leakage. Note that too little fat Service Life content can easily lead to lack of fat or dry friction, affecting service life.
Grease can cause excessive temperature rise. A large number of grease leaks not only pollute the environment, but also waste. Therefore, on the premise of Service Life entering the amount of grease in thin-walled bearings, better fag bearings can ensure sufficient lubrication.
Lubrication friction: the resistance to mechanical friction, which is formed on the surface of the film. Cooling temperature: take away heat through oil circulation to prevent sintering. Clean: clean the friction parts and other materials produced by metal on the working surface by flowing oil.
Sealing and leak proof: reduce gas leakage and external pollutants. Rust: it can be adsorbed on the surface to prevent water stop, air, Service Life acid, harmful gas and contact parts. Buffer zone: a sharp rise in engine cylinder pressure,
a sudden increase in the oil load on the piston, piston pin, connecting rod and crankshaft can withstand the impact load and play a buffer role.
Grease lubrication refers to the direct application of grease to the moving surfaces of thin-walled bearings. However, when inputting grease into the raceway and sliding working surface of fag bearing, the following five principles must be followed:
(1) The grease must penetrate the working surface of the Thin-walled bearing and the internal gap of the bearing, so that the grease can fully play the role of lubrication.
(2) A certain amount of grease shall be retained on the working surface of fag bearing for a certain period of time, but it is also necessary to prevent excessive loss of grease.
(3) The flow direction of grease input and discharge shall be consistent with the sealing requirements, which is conducive to the discharge of invading dirt.
(4) On the premise of ensuring good lubrication, minimize the amount of grease.
(5) An outlet hole is opened at the end of the flow direction of the grease, so that the newly supplemented grease can squeeze out the old grease and ensure good lubrication.
In particular, when lubricating fag bearings with grease, pay attention to the working temperature range of Thin-walled bearing grease. If it is not within the appropriate temperature range, the effect will be counterproductive. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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