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As Gunman Rampaged Through Florida School, Armed Deputy ‘Never Went In’
Updated, Feb. 24, 2018: The Broward County Sheriff’s Office said it was investigating whether other deputies from the department did not go into Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School to engage the gunman. FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla. — The only armed sheriff’s deputy at a Florida high school where 17 people were killed took cover outside rather than charging into the building when the massacre began, the Broward County sheriff said on Thursday. The sheriff also acknowledged that his office received 23 calls related to the suspect going back a decade, including one last year that said he was collecting knives and guns, but may not have adequately followed up. The deputy, Scot Peterson, resigned on Thursday after being suspended without pay after Sheriff Scott Israel reviewed surveillance video. “He never went in,” Sheriff Israel said in a news conference. He said the video showed Deputy Peterson doing “nothing.” “There are no words,” said Sheriff Israel, who described himself as “devastated, sick to my stomach.” Two other deputies were placed on restricted duty on Thursday because they may have mishandled tips called in to the sheriff’s office over the past two years warning that the suspect, Nikolas Cruz, appeared intent on becoming a school shooter, Sheriff Israel said. The sheriff’s office said in a statement on Saturday that it was investigating whether other deputies had failed to enter the high school to engage the suspect after he opened fire. Officers from the Coral Springs Police Department, who also responded to the shooting, told CNN that at least a few Broward County deputies had hung back during the law enforcement response. Police protocol requires officers to try to confront active shooters as quickly as possible, without waiting for backup. The revelations added to a growing list of failures and missed signs by the authorities that might have helped prevent one of the deadliest school shootings in American history. The F.B.I. received a tip last month from someone close to Mr. Cruz that he owned a gun and had talked of committing a school shooting, the bureau revealed last week, acknowledging that it had failed to investigate. The tip about Mr. Cruz appeared to be the second in four months, after another person told the bureau about an online comment apparently posted by Mr. Cruz that he wanted to become “a professional school shooter.” The Florida Department of Children and Families, the state social services agency, looked into Mr. Cruz’s well-being in 2016 after he posted on social media that he was cutting himself, but investigators determined he was not at risk of harming himself or others. The Broward County Public Schools had disciplinary complaints on Mr. Cruz dating back to when he was in middle school, including a long history of fighting. Sheriff Israel said he informed Deputy Peterson on Thursday that he was being suspended without pay and placed under internal investigation. At 12:37 p.m. on Thursday, sheriff’s office records show, Deputy Peterson, signed his retirement papers, which amounted to a resignation. He had been with the office for more than 32 years. “The investigation will continue,” Sheriff Israel said. The surveillance video, which was not released, showed Deputy Peterson remained outside the west side of the building for at least four minutes while the gunman was inside, according to Sheriff Israel. The shooting rampage at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School lasted less than six minutes. The video was corroborated by witness statements, Sheriff Israel said. The New York Times reported on Wednesday that an officer from the Coral Springs Police Department who responded to the shooting had seen Deputy Peterson in a Stoneman Douglas High parking lot. The deputy “was seeking cover behind a concrete column leading to a stairwell,” Officer Tim Burton said. In the chaos immediately after the shooting, there were other missteps. A 20-minute delay in school surveillance video confused Coral Springs police officers trying to find the gunman, said Chief Tony Pustizzi. By then, the suspect had already left the building. Chief Pustizzi called it a communications failure. The video system allows for real-time playback. “At first the guys are hearing, ‘Oh, he’s on the second floor.’ Well, it’s not true, ’cause we have people on the second floor and the people are saying, ‘Well, he’s not on the second floor,’ ” Chief Pustizzi said, adding that, if anything, the officers were “more expeditious” as they moved through the school under the belief the gunman was still there. Coral Springs police have said they were the first to respond to the shooting. Sheriff Israel, who defended his office’s response on Wednesday and said his own deputies had not hung back outside the building, said on Thursday that the Coral Springs officers acted “heroically.” Samantha Fuentes, an 18-year-old senior at Stoneman Douglas High who was shot in both legs, said she never saw Deputy Peterson during the “30 minutes” that passed before SWAT officers arrived at the first-floor classroom in which she and other students had been taking a class. “He is not someone who has much of a presence” in the school, she said. Sheriff Israel, flanked by two of his top aides, appeared emotional Thursday during the news conference in which he described Deputy Peterson’s conduct. His eyes appeared to glisten, and his speech was sometimes halting. The two other deputies placed on restricted duty pending an internal investigation were identified by the sheriff’s office as Edward Eason and Guntis Treijs. In November 2017, a caller told the authorities that Mr. Cruz had been stockpiling guns and knives. In a summary of the call, the sheriff’s office said the caller, located in Massachusetts, worried that Mr. Cruz “will kill himself one day and believes he could be a school shooter in the making.” A deputy contacted the person who called, but no report was filed. The caller was referred to the sheriff’s office in Palm Beach County, where the caller said Mr. Cruz lived. In February 2016, the sheriff’s office received what it described as “thirdhand information” that Mr. Cruz “planned to shoot up the school” and had posted a picture on Instagram of a “juvenile with guns.” A deputy determined that Mr. Cruz had knives and a BB gun and forwarded the information to the school resource officer at Stoneman Douglas High. That was Deputy Peterson. Some of the other calls reveal further details about Mr. Cruz’s troubled childhood. In November 2014, someone reported that a person fitting Mr. Cruz’s description shot a chicken with a possible BB gun. Mr. Cruz was found to own an airsoft rifle, which he admitted to using, but denied he shot chickens. And in September 2016, a peer counselor at Stoneman Douglas High alerted the school resource officer — likely Deputy Peterson — that Mr. Cruz “possibly ingested gasoline” the week prior “in an attempt to commit suicide and is cutting himself.” “Mental health counselor advised Cruz did not meet criteria for Baker Act,” the summary said, referring to the Florida law that allows the police to commit the mentally ill against their will. Stoneman Douglas High initiated a “threat assessment” on Mr. Cruz after the counselor’s report. The Florida Department of Children of Families looked into whether Mr. Cruz was at risk of harming himself or others and concluded he was not because he was living with his mother, attending school and seeing a counselor. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Natalia Ananjeva
Natalia Ananjeva (Russian: Наталья Ананьева, born January 5, 1946) is a Russian herpetologist, zoologist, and a specialist in taxonomy, phylogeny, the biogeography of Eurasian reptiles and amphibians, and the conservation of their biodiversity.
Biography
Natalia Ananjeva was born in Leningrad on January 5, 1946, to the family of Professor Boris Gerasimovich Ananjeva, a psychologist. In 1968, after graduating from Leningrad University, she entered the graduate school of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. Three years later, she joined the ornithology and herpetology laboratory staff as a junior researcher. In 1993, after defending her doctoral thesis, she became a leading researcher. Since 1996, Ananjeva has served as head of the laboratory of ornithology and herpetology at the Russian Academy of Sciences. From 2006 to 2017, she also served as Deputy Director of Research at the Zoological Institute of the RAS.
Named species
As of 2021, Ananjeva has taken part in the description of 21 reptile species:
* Acanthosaura brachypoda
* Acanthosaura prasina
* Calamaria concolor
* Colubroelaps nguyenvansangi
* Cophotis dumbara
* Cyrtodactylus caovansungi
* Cyrtodactylus chauquangensis
* Cyrtopodion belaense
* Cyrtopodion golubevi
* Cyrtopodion persepolense
* Diploderma menghaiense
* Diploderma ngoclinense
* Phrynocephalus ahvazicus
* Phrynocephalus sakoi
* Pseudocalotes ziegleri
* Pseudocophotis kontumensis
* Pseudotrapelus aqabensis
* Pseudotrapelus chlodnickii
* Pseudotrapelus jensvindumi
* Scincella darevskii
* Teratoscincus mesriensis
Species named after
* Kurixalus ananjevae
* Phrynocephalus ananjevae
* Ptyodactylus ananjevae
* Acanthosaura nataliae | WIKI |
India Equity Movers: Essar, Jubilant Life, Weizmann Forex, Karma
The following companies had unusual
price changes in India trading. Stock symbols are in parentheses
and prices are at the 3:30 p.m. close in Mumbai. The Bombay Stock Exchange Sensitive Index, or Sensex, rose
80.04, or 0.4 percent, to 18,492.45, the highest level in three
weeks. The BSE 200 Index added 0.3 percent to 2,281.42. New listing: Weizmann Forex Ltd. (WEIZF IN) shares traded
at 69.9 rupees and Karma Energy Ltd. (KENG IN) at 20.9 rupees on
their debut. The two units that were spun off from Weizmann Ltd. (WEIZ)
began trading on stock exchanges following the
reorganization of the company’s business. Essar Oil Ltd. (ESOIL) rose 1.2 percent to 121.3 rupees,
the highest price in more than 10 days. The operator of India’s
second-biggest non-state refinery sold 35,000 metric tons of
naphtha for loading in July to Total SA, said two traders who
declined to be identified. Jubilant Life Sciences Ltd. (JOL) surged 10 percent to
198.05 rupees, the steepest since November 2009. A unit signed a
drug discovery pact with Belgium ’s Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V.,
according to an exchange filing. To contact the reporter on this story:
Ameya Karve in Mumbai at
akarve@bloomberg.net ; To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Darren Boey at
dboey@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee Elections December 2018/Candidates/Mkdw/Statement
Mkdw
* Hello, I am Mkdw. I was first appointed to the Arbitration Committee in 2016 and I am putting myself forward for a second term.
* To tell you a little bit about my time on Wikipedia, I first began editing in 2006. I worked on a number of regionally related articles and portals (when they were a much more common entity). I stepped away while at school and came back in 2012. I became an administrator in 2013 (RFA) and I retain access to OTRS and UTRS.
* I consider myself one of the more active participating members of the Arbitration Committee and take on some of the internal clerical work with some others. It has meant my time has shifted away from editing but I am typically on everyday. ArbCom is far less busy with cases but receives a significant number of appeals and inquiries by email. We have been exploring a way to publish statistics. Hopefully a way can be found. There have been some reforms that are mid-process or being discussed that I would like to see completed, such as a better process and set of requirements for functionary activity. Undisclosed paid editing and checkuser appeals are steadily on the rise and my experience at SPI has been very helpful.
* Transparency has been a defining issue for the Arbitration Committee. It has been tremendously challenging to deal with matters that require strict confidentiality while also preserving the trust of the community. While it is not always possible to disclose information about those situations, despite inquiries from the community, it is unquestionably important that the community trusts in the individuals with whom they have appointed to make these decisions. As such, any appointment process largely benefits from having a broad selection of candidates to best represent the community with whom they elect. I am here to stand as one of those options.
* As a current member of the Arbitration Committee, I have signed the Confidentiality Agreement for Non-public Information and will comply with the criteria.
* My inactive alternate accounts are User:Mkdw Bot and User:Mkdw VF. I recently registered User:Mkdw (Public) as part of a workshop and outreach partnership with the main public library branch in my city. | WIKI |
The Winston Churchill Story
Winston Churchill was an English politician and military leader during World War II and World War I. He was born in 1874 and grew up in South Kensington, London. His childhood friend, Stanley Baldwin, once said of Churchill, “He never was a sentimentalist and never a sentimentalist at all.” He is also said to have been called the “British Winston Churchill.”
Winston Churchill’s character traits are the stuff of legends. He was a passionate fighter for his beliefs and his cause. He was an extremely courageous soldier. He was also highly intelligent. He was an extremely gifted speaker and was able to inspire those around him.
Winston Churchill’s personality is reflected in his writing. The book that changed his life was ‘The River War.’ This book won the Nobel Prize for Literature. He was also known for his writing of poetry, such as ‘Churchill’s Column’The Battle of Britain.’ He was also known for his humorous writing.
His love of writing and speaking made him famous and he became a book writer, as well as a public speaker. He wrote a number of books, including ‘The River War,’ which he called “the greatest war book I have ever written.” He also wrote ‘The Gathering Storm’ as well as ‘Churchill’s Chalkboard ‘The Second World War.’ In addition to his writing, he also spoke publicly on a number of subjects.
Churchill became an author of war and peace books that were both popular and successful. Some of his best-selling books include ‘Winston S. Churchill’Churchill’s Chalkboard.’
Winston Churchill is famous for his leadership of the British army during World War II and the end of World War I. He was an advisor to several British governments, including the last two Conservative prime ministers, Edward VIII, and Clement Attlee. He was the youngest of nine children and grew up in South Kensington. He went to the Imperial School, Cambridge. He became a keen athlete and played rugby, baseball, and football.
He was a very passionate man and the last four months of World War II were very tough. Churchill was a fighter and always kept his head held high, despite the hardships he had to face. He is also very devoted to his family and the people of South Kensington.
Winston Churchill was a very famous public speaker. He is credited with inspiring many people and being an inspiration to many. He was a great speaker and a wonderful writer.
He was a very good public speaker. He was known to have been able to inspire many people to overcome many challenges. He was well known for his speeches at the time and he was known to be a good speaker.
Churchill was a very good speaker at the time of the outbreak of World War II. He was an adviser to the British government during the time and was involved in the decision-making process. He was responsible for the invasion of France and the D Day invasion of London. He was a key player in the British military and he was a key member of the Cabinet.
Churchill was the commander of the British forces in France and was in command of the British forces during the Second World War. He was known to be a fierce and determined man. His leadership was not always the same throughout the years of his service in the Army. He always kept his head held high. He was very loyal and a great leader.
He was also a great speaker, a good public speaker, and a good public speaker. He was a great organizer and he was known as the ‘Bulldog of the British Army.’ His leadership of the British forces was a big part of his career in leadership.
He is also famous for his contributions during the Second World War. He was a leader in the war effort. He was the first to give his speech after the end of the war. | FINEWEB-EDU |
7. Zebra‑necrosis.
Zebra‑necrosis, for which we propose the symbol (zn) is a new character that produces necrotic transverse areas in the leaves. It appears in plants that have developed about half way to maturity. The necrotic zones expand, covering the leaves almost entirely, producing a premature drying of the plant. The zn plants produce pollen normally and in vigorous stocks they even produce good ears. This characteristic appeared in the progeny of a selfed plant from culture 37,977 of the commercial variety "Colorado Klein". Zebra-necrosis is linked with Og as proven by the following backcross data:
Backcross:
+ Og
x
xn +
zn +
Og +
Og zn
+ +
+ Zn
Total
36
4
10
44
94
Recombination Og - zn = 14.9%
S. Horovitz
Note: Dr. S. Horovitz's present address is as follows: Catedra de Genetica, Facultad de Ingenieria Agronomica, Caracas‑El Valle, Venezuela. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Overview
There is an increasing recognition of the importance of the impact of diffuse pollutants such as legacy banned flame retardants through to the emerging nanoparticles or oxidation products. Agricultural land, brownfield sites, recreational and amenity sites involve a wealth of interactions from the use of biosolids recycling to optimise crop yield through to regeneration and urban redevelopment in cities. An understanding of the fate of substances is critical to a sustainable circular economy and resilience in the use of substances and to protect the environment
This project aims to develop a comprehensive framework of experimental and computational methods that can be used in combination to predict the fate and effects of substances in soil, air and water prior to their release into the environment. Contributions of additional PhD projects over the next five years will build on the existing UK research investment, including the UKWIR £200M Chemical Investigations Programme, which have themselves not created the framework for developed the required computational models. The ambition is to create a centre of excellence as an enduring legacy of the Centa2 investment.
The project will deliver a series of soil, air and water experiments representative of real environments and develop validated models for different UK landscapes and will include determination of transport pathways in soil, air and water, uptake into vegetation and elucidation of bio-degradation products. These will be used to predict the fate, transport and persistence of substances in the environment, which in turn will contribute to the assessment of the environmental impacts that these substances may cause.
In addition to developing the framework the main objective of the results database will be to inform a multi-media fate and transport computation model that will assist the partners and scientists in this area to inform advanced environmental risk based approaches. It will provide technology and knowledge transfer to the industrial partners, environmental agencies and the wider scientific community. The experimental and computational methods will be available in an electronic written format that can be used as guidance for determining the fate and effects of substances in soil and water environments (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1 Development of a comprehensive framework of experimental and computational methods to determine the fate and transport of hazardous substances in the environment
Methodology
The overall purpose and output methodologies will be tailored to the needs of multiple end users supporting investment decisions around resilience, remediation and environmental protection. The project will be divided into three phases. The first phase involves a comprehensive literature review to identify and evaluate suitable multi-media fate and transport models for hazardous substances in soil, air and water. The second phase involves setting up of soil, air and water experiments in controlled conditions to gain empirical data to be used in the multi-modelling. This part of the project builds on current PhD research that focuses on methods for determination of soil, air and water transport pathways at Cranfield University. Phase 2 involves the development of appropriate laboratory scale tests, and analysis of the soil, air and water contaminants to investigate the fate and effects of selected hazardous substances. The methods will be verified by using a series of controlled experiments representative of the chosen UK landscapes. Finally, for phase 3 the combined results from phase 2 will be used to support and evaluate the efficacy of multimedia fate and transport models.
Training and Skills
Cranfield University houses world class experimental facilities, making it well equipped to carry out such project. Cranfield is a post graduate-only establishment and hence highly versed in effective provision of qualifications at this level. Cranfield’s approach to researcher development is based around the Vitae and the Researcher Development Framework. As such, a strong emphasis is placed on developing technical knowledge, through access to specialist modules (e.g. multimedia modelling) as identified jointly with the student, and research methods (e.g. critical literature reviews) as part of the mandatory Core Skills training; and personal effectiveness, through the transferable skills training and “life after Cranfield” sessions. This project will be part of the environmental science group, therefore extra educational courses will be offered in the areas of hazardous materials in the environment, an introduction to explosives and manufacturing material properties. Students will also have the opportunity to attend courses in environmental modelling (Goldsim) and environmental risk assessment.
Timeline
Year 1: Undertake full literature review of existing multi-media models for the transport of hazardous substances in air, soil and water. Design controlled set-ups for fate and transport experiments of soil, air and water, alongside selecting four to six representative landscapes in the UK (Temple et al., 2018b).
Year 2: Implement controlled experiments for fate and transport in the laboratory. Devise and undertake collection of contaminates for testing by selection of appropriate analytical techniques. Design and develop larger up scaled experiments to be undertaken in representative landscapes in the UK (Kumar et al., 2017) (Temple et al., 2018a)
Year 3: Collate and analysis data to support selected multi-media modelling. Test and verify modelling. Write up thesis for submission and undertake oral viva.
Partners and collaboration (including CASE)
This project aims to develop a framework that enables a continuation of projects for the next five years. Therefore, to support these projects in the most effective way four external sponsors have been approached to collaborate and contribute to the project by offering resources, e.g. technical support and funding to help with resources. However, funding is indicative and provisional, and subject to outcome, although there could be a total of £80k. The £80k would be £5k each for four years from each sponsor organisation, see below for potential contributors:
Atkins
Severn Trent Water
UK Water Industry Research
Environment Agency
Further Details
Contact Name : Temple, T, Ladyman, M, Mai, N, Coulon, F
Contact email: t.temple@cranfield.ac.uk; s.cipullo@cranfield.ac.uk; s.cipullo@cranfield.ac.uk; m.ladyman@cranfield.ac.uk; n.mai@cranfield.ac.uk; f.coulon@cranfield.ac.uk
Address: Cranfield University, Centre for Defence Chemistry, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 7LA, UK / Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
Website: https://www.cranfield.ac.uk/centres/centre-for-defence-chemistry/life-assessment https://www.cranfield.ac.uk/people/professor-frederic-coulon-746115
The student will be based at the Cranfield University CDS campus at Shrivenham in Wiltshire - https://www.cranfield.ac.uk/About/How-to-find-Cranfield/How-to-find-Shrivenham | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Installing Feeders
The FTP PCB has two different types of components that need to be placed: resistors and LEDs. Each will need its own feeder so that the LumenPnP can pick each type of component.
Import Board
1. Download the FTP board design. It's in the LumenPnP_PCBs.zip artifact on the latest major release.
2. Navigate to the Job tab in the top right. Job Tab
3. Click that "Add" Icon button to add a new board and select New Board. Save the board in the same directory as the job. Add a new board to the job
4. Click on the newly-created board in the list to select it. Select the board to import the design
5. Go to File > Import Board > KiCAD .pos Start importing the board
6. In the Import popup:
1. Select the ftp-top.pos file you downloaded earlier as the Top File
2. Enable the Assign Parts checkbox.
3. Enable the Create Missing Parts checkbox.
4. Click Import
Fill out the board import dialog
7. In the Parts tab on the top right, find the lines for the newly created components: LED_0603_1608Metric-LED_Small and R_0603_1608_Metric-R_Small. Set their Height values to 0.5mm by double-clicking the cell. Set the part height
8. Go to File > Save Job As and save your FTP job. Save Job As
Installing the N045 Nozzle
1. Grease the nozzle holder before installing the N045 nozzle. Grease the nozzle holder before installing the N045 nozzle
2. Install your N045 nozzle onto the nozzle holder. Install the N045 nozzle
3. Wipe off any excess grease. Wipe excess grease from the nozzle holder
4. Go to the Machine Setup tab in OpenPnP. Switch to the Machine Setup Tab
5. Navigate to Heads > ReferenceHead H1 > Nozzles > ReferenceNozzle N1. Select Nozzle N1
6. In the lower-right pane, switch to the Nozzle Tips tab. Switch to the nozzle tips tab
7. For row N045, check both the Compatible and Loaded checkboxes. If you haven't set up automatic nozzle changing, you will receive a popup saying that you're required to manually load the nozzle on the toolhead. Load Nozzle N045
8. Go to the Packages tab in the top-right pane. Switch to the Packages Tab
9. Select LED_0603_1608Metric from the list. Select the LED package
10. In the lower-right pane, you'll be in the Nozzle Tips tab. Click the Compatible on the N045 row. Mark compatible with N045 nozzle
11. Similarly, select R_0603_1608Metric from the Package list. Select the resistor package
12. And click the Compatible checkbox on the N045 row. Mark compatible with N045 nozzle
13. Under the bottom-left Machine Controls pane, select Nozzle: N1 - N045 (Head:H1) to enable the left toolhead. Select Nozzle N1
Attach Feeders
Powered Feeders
If you purchased any 8mm Photon Feeders and would prefer to use them for your FTP, follow the steps for setting them up now, and then you'll come back to this guide to finish preparing for the FTP by setting up the board.
1. Use two M3x10 button head screws and two M3 wingnuts to secure the printed tray feeder through onto the staging plate using holes: C15 and E15. Install the feeder to the staging plate
2. For each component, cut a strip of component tape off the reel about 125mm long.
3. Slide the Resistors into the left-most tray feeder, and the LEDs the adjacent tray.
4. In OpenPnP, connect to your LumenPnP and home it. Connect to your LumenPnP and home it
Add Feeders
1. Navigate to the Feeders tab in the top-right pane. Switch to the feeders list
2. Click on the "Add Feeder" icon button. Start adding a new feeder
3. Select ReferenceTrayFeeder and click Accept. Select and add a new reference tray feeder
4. In the lower-right panel, you'll be in the Configuration tab. Change the Part to be R_0603_1608Metric-R_Small. Assign the resistor to the tray feeder
5. Set the Y Offset to -4. This is the space between components on the tape. Set feeder offset
6. Set the Y Tray Count to 30. This is the number of components available on the feeder before it needs to be manually moved forward. Set the feeder tray count
7. Set the Pick location to: X=45, Y=175, Z=20 as a starting point. Set the starting location for the left feeder
8. Click on the "Position Camera" icon button to move the top camera roughly over the left feeder. Move the top camera over the left feeder's approximate location
9. Position the center of the top camera feed over the center of the top-most slot holding a resistor in the tray. You can drag the reticle in the camera feed, or use the jog buttons. Manually move closer to the correct feeder location
10. Zoom in on the camera feed and precisely position the center of the reticle over the center of the slot holding the resistor. The resistor itself may not be perfectly centered, that is fine. Manually move closer to the correct feeder location
11. Click the "Capture Camera Location" icon button to save the XY position of the start of the feeder. Save the current camera position as the start place for the feeder
12. Click Apply to save the feeder settings Save feeder settings
13. Click the Enable checkbox in the feeder list. Enable the feeder so that it is used
14. Do the same procedure again for the LED feeder. You'll assign the part LED_0603_1608Metric-LED_Small to the new feeder.
Fine-tuning feeder height
1. Navigate to the Feeders tab in the top-right pane. Switch to the feeders list
2. Click on the "Position Nozzle" icon button to bring the nozzle over the feeder. Position the nozzle over the feeder
3. Use the Jog controls to lower the Z axis until the nozzle is touching the surface of the plastic tape cover. Use the jog controls to position the nozzle over the feeder Position the nozzle over the feeder Position the nozzle over the feeder
4. Click on the "Capture Nozzle" icon button to save the new Z height of the feeder. Save the nozzle position
5. Jog the XY gantry away from the feeder. Move the Tool Head away from the feeder
6. Remove the tape cover from the feeder.
7. Click the "Pick" icon button to pick a component from the feeder. If the component is picked up properly, your Z-height is correct. If not, you should: Pick from the feeder
1. Lower the Z height of the feeder by 0.1mm
2. Press Apply to save the change
3. Home the machine
4. Try picking a component from the feeder again.
8. After you've successfully picked a component, in the machine Machine Controls pane, switch to the Special Tab. Switch to the special tab
9. Recycle the component you've successfully picked up Recycle the component you've picked up
10. Copy the final Z height, select the other feeder, paste it for the other feeder, and press Apply Apply the z height from the first feeder to the second one
11. Test picking a component from the other feeder Pick from the feeder
Next Steps
Next is Setting Up The Board. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Beakerhead
Beakerhead is a multi-day festival held every September in Calgary, Alberta, Canada that combines the arts/culture sectors with the science/technology sectors to encourage collaboration, innovation, and science education through interactive art exhibits, engineered installations, entertainment, and workshops – drawing international presenters and attendees. Beakerhead also includes a year-round education and outreach initiative.
Through public art installations, science on the streets, and community and school competitions, Beakerhead promotes the progression of education at the intersection of arts, science, and engineering. Since its inception in 2013, Beakerhead has become one of Calgary's largest collaborations, bringing together students, artists, scientists, engineers, Calgarians, and tourists in indoor and outdoor public spaces and venues throughout Calgary. Presenters have included: former astronaut and musician Chris Hadfield, ArcAttack, Zimoun, Bee Kingdom Glass, Wu Tang Clan's GZA, Dr. Chris Emdin, MondoSpider, El Pulpo Mecanico, Amanda Parer, and CompressorHead.
Past Programs
* Four-to-Six: an entertaining daily exhibit full of hands-on encounters with robots, music, street experiments, edible anatomy, science busking, and a variety of artists and performers.
* Beakerbites (formerly Engineered Eats): Food and drink meet science at participating restaurants and bars featuring Beakerhead-themed creations. Themes: Eggs (2015), Milk (2016), Barley (2017) and Canola (2018).
On-going Programs
* Workshops and Tours: Beakerhead hosts workshops, talks, screenings, and readings for guest artists, engineer academics, and the general public.
* The Spectacle: An evening event featuring dance parties, performances, and indoor and outdoor installations. Previous events have included crane riding, massive 3D projections, inflatable artworks, science demonstrations, a human-sized hamster wheel, fire breathing dragons and interactive art.
Past Programs
* Beakerhead Big Bang: an interactive public art proposal and residency program that helped support the creation of new artwork, which would debut in Calgary during the five-day long Beakerhead event every September. The program invited artists, architects, scientists, and other creative professionals to propose an interactive public art installation that incorporated science, technology, and collective experience. The selected projects were funded by Beakerhead and built in Calgary over the course of a year, beginning with a weeklong planning residency hosted at Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity.The inaugural Big Bang Residency was awarded to the BASS SHIP by Beama. The BASS Ship, which stands for Beama Applied Sciences Sector Ship, is a 30-foot high interactive audio-visual spaceship that invites participants to explore ideas about non-verbal communication, culture, and civilization.
* SciComm Lab: for over 10 years, the co-founders of Beakerhead, Jay Ingram and Mary Anne Moser, have hosted a science and communications program at the Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity where participants could learn to present science with a compelling, audience-focused approach. Previously, the SciComm labs have been intensive two-week summer courses, in 2017, Beakerhead extended the program and offering courses across Canada. Previous course sessions included "Elevator Pitch," "Personalizing the Impersonal," "Audience-Focused Communications," and "Improv."
School Programs
* Beakerhead works with the kindergarten to grade 12 education system to provide curriculum-related experiences that allow students to explore the combination of both artistic and scientific skills. In 2015, Beakerhead worked with 24,200 students in 104 participating schools. The current school programs include field trips, school visits, and an annual Ingenuity Challenge and the Science Genius Rap battles.
2013
The first edition of Beakerhead took place September 11–15, 2013. The main events and attractions included:
* Sustainival: The world's first green carnival and midway, powered by vegetable oils, wind, solar, and other forms of renewable energy.
* Four-to-Six: Stephen Avenue Walk between 1 Street SE and 4 Street SW was transformed into an entertaining exhibit featuring street-based science experiments and robots making art.
* Engineered Eats: Dining became an experimental experience where food and drink met science at Beakerhead's participating restaurants and bars.
* Shell International Engineering Competition: Engineering students from across Canada, the United States, and Europe competed in a 24-hour challenge of ingenuity.
* Theatre and music performances including the Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra, DieSpace 3.0, and i-ROBOT Theatre.
* Catharsis Catapults: Teams designed and built catapults to toss love-to-hate items.
* Beakernight: An evening featuring dance parties, performances, and outdoors and indoor installations, including a nine-foot laser cat and musical tesla coils that shot bolts of lightning.
2014
The second edition of Beakerhead took place September 10–14, 2014. The main events and attractions included:
* Little Big Street: A miniature neighbourhood featuring interactive structures such as a human-sized nest and an inflatable giant lotus.
* Laser Cat: A 16-foot engineered art installation from Art Directors Club in the United States and Hungry Castle in Barcelona with an outdoor dance floor and videographic light and art.
* Four-to-Six: Stephen Avenue Walk between 1 Street SE and 4 Street SW was transformed into an entertaining exhibit featuring street-based science experiments and robots making art.
* Engineered Eats: Dining becomes an experimental experience when food and drink meet science at Beakerhead's participating restaurants and bars.
* Theatre performances including Ghost River Theatre's adaptation of Ray Bradbury's Tomorrow's Child.
* The Periodic Table: A sustainable energy ferris-wheel-turned-dining-room where diners can enjoy a meal created by chef Nicole Gomes, a contestant on Top Chef Canada.
* Net Blow-Up: A self-supporting, climbable structure designed by three artists from Vienna, Austria, called Numen/For Use.
* Beakernight: An evening featuring dance parties, performances, and outdoors and indoor installations including a two-storey high, fire-breathing octopus from El Pulpo Mecanico.
2015
The third edition of Beakerhead took place September 16–20, 2015. The main events and attractions included:
* Sandbox of Human Ingenuity: A giant sandbox featuring The Claw, a larger-than-life sized version of the classic arcade game.
* A performance from science advocate and rapper GZA of Wu-Tang Clan.
* A String (Theory) of Incredible Encounters: An outdoor gallery of engineered art installations, including Intrude, five huge bunnies designed by Australian artist Amanda Parer in Central Memorial Park, and the Fabulist, an interplanetary inflatable designed by Bee Kingdom Glass.
* The Gorgeous Libation: A one-night-only pop-up bar where patrons could explore the history and future of energy.
* The Seven Wonderers: A night of science storytelling led by John Rennie, former editor-in-chief of Scientific American; Rose Eveleth, host and producer of Meanwhile in the Future; Torah Kachur, national science columnist for CBC Radio, Jennifer Gardy, regular guest host of the Nature of Things for CBC TV; Sarah Chow, science comedian and former host of This Week at UBC; Raj Bhardwaj, medical columnist for CBC Radio; and Ivan Semeniuk, science reporter for the Globe and Mail.
* Beakernight: An evening featuring dance parties, performances, and outdoors and indoor installations including a fire-spitting skee ball and large-scale 3D projections.
2016
The fourth edition of Beakerhead took place September 14–18, 2016. The main events and attractions included:
* Rock 'n Roll History of Space Exploration: Jay Ingram and his band, the Cosmonauts, led the audience on a visual and musical journey of space exploration.
* Four-to-Six: Stephen Avenue Walk between 1 Street SE and 3 Street SW was transformed into an entertaining exhibit featuring mobile contraptions and a cornstarch walk.
* BASS Ship: A 30-foot interactive audio-visual spaceship installation designed by Beama.
* Tentacles: Giant octopus tentacles designed by UK artists Filthy Luker and Pedro Estrellas emerge from the McGill Block.
* The Seven Wonderers: A night of science storytelling led by Nathaniel Barr, a professor of creativity and creative thinking at Sheridan College; Kori Czuy, a PhD student at the University of Calgary studying sensual mathematics; Gill Deacon, a CBC Radio host, ward-winning broadcaster, and bestselling author; Dr. Christopher Emdin, an associate professor at Columbia University and a leading researcher in hip-hop, science, and education; Randy Frank, executive director of research and development at 3M Canada; Seema Goel, an artist in residence at the Faculty of Science at the University of Manitoba; Kristofer Kelly-Frere, a strategist with the Civic Innovation Project at the City of Calgary.
* Beakernight: An evening featuring dance parties, performances, and outdoors and indoor installations including a can-crushing cow and human-sized hamster wheel.
2017
The fifth edition of Beakerhead took place September 13–17, 2017. The main events and attractions included:
* Snakes and Ladders: A segment of 14 sites focusing on the ups and downs of invention in celebration of Canada 150.
* Serpent Mother: Created by San Francisco’s Flaming Lotus Girls, Serpent Mother is a fire-breathing installation at Beakerhead, 168 feet long and with 40 pillars of fire.
* Scent Bar: A blindfolded sensory performance experience based on our sense of smell, located at Chophouse.,
* Spectral Illuminations II: Site-specific projections projected on the surface of Memorial Park Library, presented by EMMEDIA Gallery and Production Society and the Calgary Public Library.
2018
The sixth edition of Beakerhead took place September 19–23, 2018. The main events and attractions included:
* Treeter Totter: A giant see-saw exhibit that teaches users about climate change, with deciduous trees on opposite ends of a wooden plank that raise and lower according to movement, demonstrating human's ability to change the course of nature.
* Becons: A sculpture made of recycled materials by Alberta artist Max Streicher, educating individuals on the Dung Beatle.
* 30 ft high Tesla Coils connected to a piano that you can play.
* An eye-catching balloon installation called "Dreams Never Die" created by Maria Galura.
2019
The seventh edition of Beakerhead took place from 18-22, 2019. The main events and attractions included:
* The Long View Polar Bear, created by Don Kennell. A 35 foot sculpture made out of car hoods to represent the greatest threat to polar bears: climate change. At the spectacle The Long View Polar Bear was projection mapped by AZMA.
* Paraluna, by Christopher Schardt. A mesmerizing array of LED lights spinning to make beautiful images for the audience lying on the grass below.
* A visit from True North Absurdities, a local artist team who brought with them two fire-breathing, interactive sculptures: Notorious B.A.D. and Trippity Twitchit.
* Amanita Arcade, an interactive larger-than-life, mushroom-shaped memory game created by Shadow Puppet Productions.
* The Portal by The PRGM, an interactive portal lit by LED lights and fire.
* Performances by MakeFashion and Le Cirque de la Nuit. | WIKI |
A π -Bonded Azo-Transition Metal Complex. The Structure of Bis(tert-butyl isocyanide) (azobenzene) nickel (0)
Ron S. Dickson, James A. Ibers*
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
80 Scopus citations
Abstract
The structure of bis(tert-butyl isocyanide)(azobenzene)nickel(0), Ni(C6H5N=NC6H5)((CH3)3C—N≡C)2, has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data collected by counter methods. The compound crystallizes in space group C2h5-P21/c of the monoclinic system, with four molecules in a cell of dimensions a = 12.404 (8), b = 17.154 (8), c = 12.487 (6)Å, β = 117.46 (6)°. The structure has been refined by least-squares techniques to a final R factor on F of 7.0% based on 2694 observations above background. The coordination about the Ni atom is trigonal if the azobenzene is regarded as a monodentate ligand. The molecule possesses essentially C2 symmetry. The dihedral angle between the Ni-NN (of azobenzene) and Ni-CC (of tert-butyl isocyanide) planes is 1.2 (3)° and the inner coordination sphere is essentially planar. The tert-butyl isocyanide ligands are very nearly linear, and the average Ni-C distance is 1.841 (5)Å. The azobenzene nitogen atoms are equidistant from the metal, with an average Ni-N bond length of 1.898 (4)Å. The N-N distance of 1.385 (5) Åis very close to an N-N single bond distance. The phenyl rings of the coordinated azobenzene are twisted 14° from ideal planarity, and there is a dihedral angle of 26.8 (4)° between the two N-N-C (phenyl) planes. The bond lengthening and the geometry within the coordinated azobenzene are both consistent with the usual description of πbonding of olefinic-type ligands to transition metals. The complex is suggested as a suitable model for consideration of the possible role of π-bonded diimide in the biological fixation of nitrogen.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2988-2993
Number of pages6
JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society
Volume94
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - May 1 1972
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Catalysis
• Chemistry(all)
• Biochemistry
• Colloid and Surface Chemistry
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Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:CocoStan/sandbox
I liked this week’s readings a lot. It made me think of a lot of concepts of writing in the discipline and outside of the discipline. What I appreciated the most was Clark’s piece, where he draws a difference between writing outside of the discipline, he mentioned “writing in the discipline is the difference between knowledge and knowing, relatively static content knowledge versus disciplines as active ways of knowing.” (387). This concept reminded me of students’ learning in academia and during their service-learning/internship. Being a student I gained knowledge on how to create content, write for the audience, the importance of rhetoric in a technical context, etc., while my internship provided me an opportunity to practice the knowledge I gained in academia. In my case, I can say writing serves as a testing tool of my learning (McLeod et all. 579). As McLeod & Maimon mentioned, “the audience is public, sometimes distant, and the purpose is to explain something to that audience or convey information, to model the sort of professional writing tasks students will have outside the academy.”(579) I realize every day what that means to write for the audience. For each content, I create for the website I need to analyze what the audience needs are. What resonated with me in Nieusma and Blue’s “Engineering and War,” article is “engineers are actually writing about other writing.” (69) To me, this can address Hannah’s prompt “open up a discussion of what engineering is and ought to be” (p. 61). Engineers should shift from writer-centered to reader-centered content creators. | WIKI |
Emiel van Lennep
Jonkheer Emile (Emiel) van Lennep (15 January 1915 – 2 October 1996) was a Dutch official (treasurer general), diplomat and Minister of State.
Life
Van Lennep was born in Amsterdam as a son of Louis Henri van Lennep and Catharina Hildegonda Enschede. He studied law from 1932 to 1937 at the Municipal University of Amsterdam.
From 1951 to 1969 he was treasurer general, which is the highest official rank of the Dutch Ministry of Finance. From 1969 to 1984 he was secretary general of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Van Lennep was instrumental in making the OECD a more effective forum for international cooperation. In the 1970s he was named several times to be a candidate for a function in the government of the Netherlands, but he did not have political aspirations. After his career at the OECD he was appointed to be Minister of State from 1986 until his death in 1996.
In 1987 he was appointed one of the members of a distinguished external panel to conduct a review of the Asian Development Bank. The results of the review were issued in 1989 as the Report of a Panel on the Role of the Asian Development Bank in the 1990s.
He married Alexa Labberton and had two sons and two daughters. In 1990 he was rewarded with a Four Freedoms Award in the category freedom from want. Van Lennep died in 1996 at the age of 81 years. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dallas James Pritt
The result was delete. -- Cirt (talk) 04:44, 30 March 2010 (UTC)
Dallas James Pritt
* – ( View AfD View log • )
Recreation of deleted article from 2007 and contested PROD. Regional actor of questionable notability. What few sources are provided only mention the subject in passing. No significant coverage in independent reliable or verifiable sources. TheRealFennShysa (talk) 18:46, 23 March 2010 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions. -- • Gene93k (talk) 00:34, 24 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete. My original prod reasoning was "Just 26 non-wiki ghits for this performer, zero gnews hits. Not finding professional reviews of his performances or other items to suggest notability", and even with the additional sources, my opinion is unchanged. The "Datony" award (which appears to be a local award) was for being part of an ensemble, and wasn't even the top award for an ensemble. The "Best Supporting Actor" award is unreferenced, and not enough info is given to tell who gave out this award. None of the references in the article show notability.-- Fabrictramp | talk to me 00:37, 26 March 2010 (UTC)
| WIKI |
User:Hunterkoda11/sandbox
Original Stub
Smilax glauca, the cat greenbriar or catbriar is a woody vine in the family Smilacaceae. It is native to central and eastern portions of the United States, where it is a common and conspicuous part of the forest vegetation. It is also common across much of Mexico.
Smilax glauca has thorny stems climb by means of tendrils. Leaves are notably gray-glaucous to whitish beneath. Commonly inhabiting wooded areas and fences and often found growing with other species of Smilax. The plants tend to be evergreen in the more southern United States. ). | WIKI |
Sleep AT Examples
[中文]
This document provides an introduction and detailed command examples to illustrate how to utilize AT commands to set sleep modes on ESP32-C6 series of products.
Introduction
With the use of advanced power-management technologies, ESP32-C6 series can switch between different power modes. Currently, ESP-AT supports the following four power consumption modes (for more sleep modes, please refer to the datasheet):
1. Active Mode: CPU and chip radio are powered on. The chip can receive, transmit, or listen.
2. Modem-sleep Mode: The CPU is operational and the clock speed can be reduced. Wi-Fi baseband, Bluetooth LE baseband, and radio are disabled, but Wi-Fi and Bluetooth LE connection can remain active.
3. Light-sleep Mode: The CPU is paused. Any wake-up events (MAC, host, RTC timer, or external interrupts) will wake up the chip. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth LE connection can remain active.
4. Deep-sleep Mode: CPU and most peripherals are powered down. Only the RTC memory is powered on.
By default, ESP32-C6 will enter Active mode after system reset. When the CPU does not need to work all the time, such as waiting for external activities to wake up, the system can enter low-power modes.
For current consumption of ESP32-C6, please refer to ESP32-C6 Series Datasheet.
Note
• Setting ESP32-C6 to sleep modes in Wi-Fi mode and Bluetooth LE mode will be described separately.
• In single Wi-Fi mode, only station mode supports Modem-sleep mode and Light-sleep mode.
• For Light-sleep mode in Bluetooth LE mode, please ensure that there is an external 32 KHz crystal oscillator. If there is no external 32 KHz crystal oscillator, ESP-AT will work as the Modem-sleep mode.
Measurement Method
In order to avoid some unnecessary interference during the power consumption test process, it is recommended to use the Espressif modules that integrate the chip for the test.
Refer to the following figure for hardware connection. (Note that the development board below only has the ESP32-C6 module on board, and all other peripheral components have been removed.)
ESP32-C6 Hardware Connection
ESP32-C6 Hardware Connection
Set Modem-sleep mode in Wi-Fi mode
1. Set the Wi-Fi mode to station mode.
Command:
AT+CWMODE=1
Response:
OK
2. Connect to an router.
Command:
AT+CWJAP="espressif","1234567890"
Response:
WIFI CONNECTED
WIFI GOT IP
OK
Note:
• The SSID and password you entered may be different from those in the above command. Please replace the SSID and password with those of your router settings.
3. Set the sleep mode to Modem-sleep mode.
Command:
AT+SLEEP=1
Response:
OK
Note
• RF will be periodically closed according to AP DTIM (routers generally set DTIM to 1).
Set Light-sleep mode in Wi-Fi mode
1. Set the Wi-Fi mode to station mode.
Command:
AT+CWMODE=1
Response:
OK
2. Connect to an router. Set listen interval to 3.
Command:
AT+CWJAP="espressif","1234567890",,,,3
Response:
WIFI CONNECTED
WIFI GOT IP
OK
Note:
• The SSID and password you entered may be different from those in the above command. Please replace the SSID and password with those of your router settings.
3. Set the sleep mode to Light-sleep mode.
Command:
AT+SLEEP=2
Response:
OK
Note
• CPU will automatically sleep and RF will be periodically closed according to listen interval set by AT+CWJAP.
Set Deep-sleep mode
1. Set the sleep mode to Deep-sleep mode. Set the deep-sleep time to 3600000 ms.
Command:
AT+GSLP=3600000
Response:
OK
Note:
• When the time is up, the device automatically wakes up, calls Deep-sleep wake stub, and then proceeds to load the application.
• For Deep-sleep mode, the only wake-up method is timed wake-up. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Richardstone15
richardstone15
I'm 20, a part time worker and part time student going for my assosciates in Industrial Technology.
I'm an avid watcher of the Alkaline Trio wikipage, seeing as they are one of my favorite bands.
I also play four string bass and guitar, too.
Overall, I intend to fix what I beleive is inaccurate and proceed on to the next page that garners my interest. | WIKI |
Xinyi Anhe metro station
Taipei Metro Xinyi Anhe station is a station on the Red Line located beneath Xinyi Rd., Sec. 4 at the intersection of Xinyi Rd., Sec. 4 and Anhe Rd. in Daan District, Taipei, Taiwan. The station was opened on 24 November 2013.
History
Originally, the station was to be named "Anhe Road Station". The construction of the station began in July 2005. However, the Department of Rapid Transit Systems felt that the name was too broad. Thus, on 22 July 2011, it was announced that the station would be renamed to Xinyi Anhe station to more accurately describe the station location.
The station is 210 m long and 30 m meters in wide. Excavation depth is at 22 m meters. It has five entrances, two elevators for the disabled and two vent shafts. One of the entrances will be integrated into a joint development building.
Public Art
The design theme for the station is "Life melody - creation of a spatial atmosphere of a refined metropolitan lifestyle".
Around the station
* Taipei Film Commission
First and Last Train Timing
The first and last train timing at Xinyi Anhe station is as follows: | WIKI |
Free Support Forum - aspose.com
Set rtf content to email body
Hi,
I have an RTF file and I need to send an email by setting the content of rtf to message body.
the message body should be same as RTF with colors and table format and images.
i am extracting the rtf text and passing to body content “rtf text” but the message is not going in a format.
mapiMsg.SetBodyContent("", BodyContentType.Rtf);
MailMessage eml = msg.ToMailMessage(new MailConversionOptions());
Can you please let me know the exact way to do it in JAVA. is there any direct method to do it. if not tell me the process.
or Also tell me how can i convert rtf file to html which includes embedded images and table. So that i can set it to SetHtmlBody() method.
Don’t worry about the above post. i figured it out.
This code worked for me but images are not displaying in the email
MapiMessage mapi = new MapiMessage();
SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("user name", port, "username",
"password");
client.setSecurityOptions(SecurityOptions.Auto);
Document doc = new Document("rtf path ");
MailMessage eml = mapi.toMailMessage(new MailConversionOptions());
eml.setFrom(new MailAddress("to@domain"));
eml.getTo().addMailAddress(new MailAddress("from@domain"));
eml.setHtmlBody(doc.toString(SaveFormat.HTML));
client.send(eml);
Please tell me how can i display the images.
Thanks for your help.
@kishanaasa,
Please share your sample input file with us for further investigation a team our end.
When I try to upload RTF file in the reply block it is throwing an error with the unsupported file type, it is only allowing me to upload (jpg, jpeg, png, gif, zip, pdf) . So, any RTF file with an image will work for me.
i tried some of sample RTF file with images available on google. Even those are not showing up on my email body. Can you please tell me what to do now.
@kishanaasa,
In order to set the html to mail message with image, the image needs to be part of html as Base64 encoded. Please try the following code sample at your end.
Sample Code
Aspose.Words.Saving.HtmlSaveOptions options = new Aspose.Words.Saving.HtmlSaveOptions();
options.ExportImagesAsBase64 = true;
options.SaveFormat = SaveFormat.Html;
Document doc = new Document("doc with image.rtf");
doc.Save("doc with image.html", options);
MailMessage eml = MailMessage.Load("doc with image.html", new Aspose.Email.HtmlLoadOptions());
eml.From = (new MailAddress("username@gmail.com"));
eml.To = "to@gmail.com";
SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("smtp.gmail.com", 587, "username", "password");
client.Send(eml); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Raju399
new log law called RM law cause it's developed and found by mahad.
log a,base x+log b,base y=log c,base z;
log a,base x+log b,base y=log(ab),base x+log b,base y(1-log y,base x);
log c,base z=log(ab),base x+log b,base y(1-log y,base x);
Thats the new law found in 2020.by mahad | WIKI |
Danielle Wainer, Paolo Di Marco
Danielle Wainer and Paolo Di Marco Gómez were married July 3 at the city clerk’s office in Manhattan. Shunya Togashi, a staff member of the New York City clerk’s office, officiated. Ms. Wainer, 34, works in Bogotá, Colombia, as a vice president of Elevar Equity, a venture capital firm. She graduated magna cum laude from Brown and received an M.B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania and a master’s degree in international economics from Johns Hopkins. The bride is a daughter of Irene B. Wainer and Mario E. Wainer of New York. The bride’s father is the maître d’hôtel at L’Atelier de Joël Robuchon, a French restaurant in New York. He was previously a maître d’hôtel at Le Cirque, a French restaurant that was in New York. Her mother retired as a teacher at Public School 88 Seneca in Ridgewood, Queens. Mr. Di Marco, 34, is an engagement manager for McKinsey & Company, a consulting firm with headquarters in Manhattan. He graduated from Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá and received an M.B.A. from N.Y.U. The groom is a son of Margarita M. Gómez de Di Marco and Víctor R. Di Marco of Bucaramanga, Colombia. The groom’s parents are the owners a group of retail clothing stores in Bucaramanga. The couple met in Bogotá in 2016, after being introduced through the bride’s sister and brother-in-law. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Virus (LaFee song)
"Virus" is a song written by Bob Arnz and Gerd Zimmermann and recorded by German singer LaFee. It was released as the first single from LaFee's debut album LaFee. The single reached fourteen in both the German and Austrian Singles Charts when released in March 2006. An English version of the song, entitled "Scabies", later appeared on LaFee's third studio album Shut Up.
Track listing
* CD Maxi Single
* 1) "Virus" - 3:55
* 2) "Virus" (Akustik version) - 3:56
* 3) "Virus" (Radio edit) - 3:46
* 4) "Du lebst" - 4:24 | WIKI |
Marengo order of battle
The Battle of Marengo (14 June 1800) was fought between the French army of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and an Habsburg army led by General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas. With Napoleon's army lying across the Habsburg army's line of communications to the west, Melas resolved to attack. Early in the morning, the Habsburg army advanced from the city of Alessandria and took the French army by surprise. It was not until 9:00 am before Melas' army completely moved through a bottleneck at the Bormida River bridges. At first the Austrian attack stalled, slowed by bitter French resistance. By 3:00 pm, the Habsburg army compelled their outnumbered opponents to retreat. Sore from having two horses killed under him, Melas handed over command of the pursuit to a subordinate and went to the rear. Later in the afternoon, a newly-arrived French division suddenly attacked the pursuing Austrians. Combined with a quick burst of cannon fire and a well-timed cavalry charge, the surprise assault caused a complete collapse of the Austrian center column, which fled to the temporary safety of Alessandria. The French suffered at least 7,700 casualties, including two generals killed and five wounded. The Austrians admitted losing 9,416 killed, wounded and missing, but some estimates range as high as 11,000–12,000 casualties. The Austrians lost one general killed and five wounded. The next day, Melas requested an armistice. The victory gave Bonaparte enough bargaining leverage to gain control of northwest Italy during the subsequent negotiations.
General Staff
* First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte
* Commander-in-Chief: General of Division Louis-Alexandre Berthier (acted as Chief of Staff and Reserve Commander)
* Chief of Staff: General of Division Pierre Dupont de l'Étang
* Chief Engineer: General of Division Armand Samuel de Marescot
* Chief of Artillery: General of Brigade Auguste de Marmont
General Staff
* Commander-in-chief: General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas
* Chief of Staff: General-major Anton von Zach | WIKI |
Abu Bakar Bah
Abu Bakar Bah (born October 10, 1978) is a Sierra Leonean former professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.
Club honors
* Al Ahed
* Lebanese FA Cup (2): 2003–04, 2004–05
* Lebanese Federation Cup (2): 2004, 2006 | WIKI |
2024 Columbus Crew season
The 2024 Columbus Crew season is the the club's twenty-ninth season of existence and their twenty-ninth consecutive season in Major League Soccer, the top flight of soccer in the United States. It is their second season under head coach Wilfried Nancy. The Crew are defending MLS Cup champions, having won the 2023 MLS Cup against Los Angeles FC. On December 20, 2023, MLS released its schedule, with Columbus playing its opening match of the season against Atlanta United FC at home on February 24.
U.S. Open Cup
Columbus Crew was not sent to the tournament, and neither was their MLS Next Pro team Columbus Crew 2 following the deal reached on March 1, 2024 due to participation in the 2024 CONCACAF Champions Cup. | WIKI |
User:Malimure/sandbox
Anansa is the Efik goddess of the sea, allure, and beauty. Known to be most popular in southern Nigeria, she has her own statue in the city of Calabar, Nigeria. The ekombi dance is attributed to her, thought to invoke the spirit of Anansa. She is also known to posses young girls, when said girls are possessed they know the ekombi dance automatically. | WIKI |
-- Rosneft, Sberbank, VTB, Transneft: Russian Stocks Preview
The following companies may have
unusual price changes in Russian trading. Stock symbols are in
parentheses and share prices are from the previous close. Russia’s Micex Index rose 0.2 percent to 1,493.49. The
dollar-denominated RTS Index fell 0.9 percent to 1,556.74. OAO Rosneft (ROSN RX): Russia may sell up to a 15 percent
stake in Rosneft between 2012 and 2015 and lower its interest to
below controlling after that if “all that’s planned for Rosneft
up to 2015” is fulfilled, Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov
said. Rosneft rose 0.4 percent to 209.60 rubles. OAO Sberbank (SBER03 RX): Russia may lower its interest in
OAO Sberbank, the nation’s biggest lender, to a controlling
stake between 2011 and 2014, Shuvalov said. Sberbank rose 2.2
percent to 97.54 rubles. VTB Group (VTBR RX): Russia “will try to complete” the
sale of a 10 percent stake in VTB Group and may sell an
additional 10 percent in 2011, and 10 to 15 percent in 2012,
Shuvalov said. VTB Group, Russia’s second-largest lender, rose
0.9 percent to 0.0936 rubles. OAO Transneft (TRNFP RX): The government isn’t considering
selling stakes in OAO Transneft, a pipeline operator, and the
OAO Zarubezhneft oil producer at the moment, Shuvalov added.
Transneft rose 1.1 percent to 38,703.50 rubles. To contact the reporter on this story:
Maria Levitov in Moscow at
mlevitov@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Willy Morris at
wmorris@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Tạp chí
NGHIÊN CỨU TÁC DỤNG GIẢM ĐAU, CHỐNG VIÊM CỦA LOÀI STEPHANIA DIELSIANA Y.C.WU THU HÁI Ở BA VÌ (HÀ NỘI) (Tạp chí Dược liệu, tập 14, số 6/2009)
NGHIÊN CỨU TÁC DỤNG GIẢM ĐAU, CHỐNG VIÊM CỦA LOÀI STEPHANIA DIELSIANA Y.C.WU THU HÁI Ở BA VÌ (HÀ NỘI) (Tạp chí Dược liệu, tập 14, số 6/2009)
Summary
Analgesic, Anti-imflammatory Activity of Stephamia dielsiana Y.C.Wu
Was Grown in Bavi District - Hanoi
In taxonomy, Stephania is a large genus which includes Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers.; Stephania kuinanennis H.S.Lo et M.Yang.; Stephania pierrei Diels. In our investigation we had studied this genus and found one new species Stephania dielsiana Y.C.Wu. were grown in Bavi district, Hanoi. Base on relief pattern of Koster and Turner, we found that rats were obviously relieved pain by extract of the species at the dose 2.5g/kg and 5 g/kg body weight. Based on the model of pain by acetic acid, the extract in dose of 2.5g/kg and 5.0g/kg of body weight exhibited the analgesic effect, but not on the model of hot plate. In dose 2.5g/kg and 5 g/kg body weight on rats, the extract had provoked acute anti-inflammatory effect through inhibiting carrageenin induced edema in hind paw. Stephania dielsiana Y.C.Wu in dose 5 g/kg body weight on mice had a chronic anti-inflammatory effect. Anti-inflammatory effect is equivalent to prednisolon 5 mg/kg body weight on mice.
(Nguồn tin: ) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
TAPAS, a web-based service of atmospheric transmission computation for astronomy [IMA]
http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.4169
Spectra of astronomical targets acquired from ground-based instruments are affected by the atmospheric transmission. The authors and their institutes are developing a web-based service, TAPAS (Transmissions of the AtmosPhere for AStromomical data). This service, freely available, is developed and maintained within the atmospheric ETHER data center. TAPAS computes the atmospheric transmission in the line-of-sight to the target indicated by the user. The user files a request indicating the time, ground location, and either the equatorial coordinates of the target or the Zenith Angle of the line-of sight (LOS). The actual atmospheric profile (temperature, pressure, humidity, ozone content) at that time and place is retrieved from the ETHER atmospheric data base (from a combination of ECMWF meteorological field and other informations), and the atmospheric transmission is computed from LBLRTM software and HITRAN data base for a number of gases: O2, H2O, O3, CO2, and Rayleigh extinction. The first purpose of TAPAS output is to allow identification of observed spectral features as being from atmospheric or astrophysical origin. The returned transmission may also serve for characterizing the spectrometer in wavelength scale and Instrument Line Spectral Function (ILSF) by comparing one observed spectrum of an atmospheric feature to the transmission. Finally, the TOA (Top Of Atmosphere) spectrum may be obtained either by division of the observed spectrum by the computed transmission or other techniques developed on purpose. The obtention of transmissions for individual species allows more potentialities and better adjustments to the data. In this paper, we describe briefly the mechanism of computation of the atmospheric transmissions, and we show some results for O2 and H2O atmospheric absorption. The wavelength range is presently 500-2500 nm. The address is this http URL
Read this paper on arXiv…
Tue, 19 Nov 13
73/75 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
James Alphege Brewer
James Alphege Brewer (1881-1946) was a well-known early 20th century producer of colour etchings - notably of English and European Cathedrals and churches and other scenes.
Family and early life
Brewer was born on 24 July 1881, in Kensington, London, the son of Henry William Brewer, noted artist of historical architecture. His brothers included the painter Henry Charles Brewer and the novelist and organist John Francis Brewer. Their grandfather was the historian John Sherren Brewer and their great uncle was E. Cobham Brewer, compiler of Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable.
Brewer's father and grandfather John Sherren Brewer were notable adherents of the Oxford Movement, inspired by Augustus Pugin. Henry William Brewer and his family, including James Alphege Brewer, became high-profile converts to the Roman Catholic Church.
On 23 July 1910, Brewer marries Florence née Lucas at Our Lady of Tours Catholic Church in Acton. Florence was an accomplished painter, and great niece of David Lucas (engraver) who created engravings for John Constable. Brewer and his wife Florence Lucas lived on Avenue Road in Acton throughout their marriage. Henry Charles Brewer also lived in Acton, and the brothers collaborated on many pictures.
Professional life
Like his brother Henry Charles Brewer, Brewer attended St Charles Catholic College in Kensington, before studying at the Westminster School of Art with Frederick Brown.
Brewer exhibited at the Royal Academy of Art and thereafter at the Royal Institute of Painters in Watercolour, at the Paris Salon of the Académie des Beaux-Arts, and in the shows of the Royal Cambrian Academy. He was also a member of the Society of Graphic Art, and the Ealing Art Group, where he was first Honorary Art Secretary and then Honorary Art Chairman.
Brewer is believed to be the model for his brother Henry Charles's wall paintings created for the Lady Chapel of St Peter's Church, Ealing in 1928. An etching by Brewer, donated in 2023, can also be found in the chapel.
Brewer died on February 4, 1946, at the age of 64 and is buried in Acton Cemetery near to his brother, Henry Charles. | WIKI |
File:Independent Television Authority logo 1972.png
Summary
Logo of the Independent Television Authority (UK) which later became the Independent Broadcasting Authority in 1973. The ITA and IBA no longer exist. This logo was scanned from a personal letter.
History of Image:Independent Television Authority logo 1972.gif
* 2008-05-31T04:42:50Z SkierRMH (Talk | contribs) (789 bytes) ( adding FUR using FURME )
* 2008-05-23T03:17:43Z Rockfang (Talk | contribs) (339 bytes) ( Image is missing fair use rationale and will be deleted in seven days if it is not added. )
* 2008-04-22T19:37:14Z Malpass93 (Talk | contribs) (293 bytes)
* 2008-04-22T19:36:47Z Malpass93 (Talk | contribs) (280 bytes)
* 2007-06-15T14:47:58Z Michael Wincott (Talk | contribs) (245 bytes) ( /* Summary */ )
* 2007-06-15T14:43:59Z Michael Wincott (Talk | contribs) (253 bytes) ( Logo of the Independent Television Authority (UK) which later became the Independent Broadcasting Authority in 1973. Scanned from a letter my father received at the time. The ITA and IBA no longer exist. ) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Lunes of Hippocrates
* The following is an archived discussion of a featured article nomination. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the article's talk page or in Wikipedia talk:Featured article candidates. No further edits should be made to this page.
The article was not promoted by Maralia 11:21, 11 February 2009.
Lunes of Hippocrates
* Nominator(s): Johnlemartirao (talk)
I am nominating this for featured article because it is for the benefit of students. Lunes and quadratures of it is not known mainly to everyone.Johnlemartirao (talk) 12:21, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
* Recommend withdrawal: There are elements of an FA here, but there are some fundamental problems. The article needs a reorganization, there's a section with the same title as the article, a heading with no section underneath it, inappropriate tone throughout, a list with no context, etc. Sarcasticidealist (talk) 13:19, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
I already made the necessary changes for the article.--Johnlemartirao (talk) 13:50, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
* With the greatest of respect: you haven't even come close. Don't feel bad, though - you've really done a very good job given that the article is only two days old. I'd suggest you track down somebody with a record of doing good work on mathematics-related articles and ask for their help in bringing this one to the next level. Sarcasticidealist (talk) 13:55, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
* Strong oppose; recommend withdrawal Upon investigation, the article is one big copyright violation from various webpages. Budding Journalist 14:30, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
* BuddingJournalist is quite right, and I've G12ed it. Not sure what the procedure is for FACs for deleted articles... Sarcasticidealist (talk) 14:44, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Studies on alanine aminotransferase from pig heart
Doctoral thesis English OPEN
Austin, Ian Maxwell
• Subject: QD
Ala. AT was purified from pig heart by a new procedure , which consisted of an homogenisation, ammonium sulphate fractionation, heat treatment and a second AS fractionation, followed by DEAE cellulose and Sephadex G200 chromatography\ud \ud Thee purified enzyme had a specific activity of 450 units/mg protein, and appeared to be at least 95 % pure, from electrophoresis.\ud \ud Sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamidee gel electrophoresis indicated a submit molecular weight of 52000. The concentration of' the coenzyme was measured: it was 1 mole/54 00 gm protein.\ud \ud The kinetic parameters for four different assays and the inhibitor constants for several inhibitors were determined, at 25°C, at several pHs. These parameters were found to vary considerably with buffer concentration. For this reason, the values of these parameterswere extrapolated to zero buffer concentration.\ud \ud From a study of the affinities of several different assays and the inhibitor from ala AT, at pH 8.0, it seems that the ˂(carboxyl end side group of the substrate, (as well as the <.amiro and ˂ (keto groups), are involved in binding to the enzyme.\ud \ud A Dixon analysis of the results shows the existence of certain catalytically important pKs in the free forms of the enzyme, the enzyme-substrate complexes, and the enzyme-inhibitor complexes.\ud \ud The nature and role of the enzyme groups that are involved in.substrate binding are deduced, in part. \ud \ud Visible absorption spectra were recorded at 25°C. PL-ala AT shows a spectral pK at pH 7.6. This pK is raised to about pH 8 by fumarate or acetate binding. The dissociation constants obtained are similar to the inhibition constants. TSC binding produces an intense absorbance peak at 390 nm: a similar result has been obtained with asp AT. \ud \ud Substrates were titrated with ala AT and spectra of the enzyme-substrate complexes were calculated. An absorbance peak at 490 nm is observed. It is very probably a deprotonated, (highly conjugated), complex: i.e. there are separate deprotonation and protonation steps. A rough estimate is made for the relative concentrations of the different spectral forms of the enzyme-substrate complex, at pH 7.0.\ud \ud The pH dependence of the L alanine-pyruvate equilibrium enzyme-substrate complex spectrum was studied. The changes between pH 5.5 and. 10.5 can be ascribed to three pKs, and were used to explain the pKs of the complex, that were shown by kinetic analysis.\ud \ud The inactivation of the enzyme was studies using heat, (65°C), 5.6 M urea, formaldehyde, nitrite, TNM, and. photo-oxidation by rose Bengal and methylene blue. \ud \ud Both methylene blue photo-oxidation and TNM inactivation of ala AT give results similar to those obtained by 1Martinez-Carrion, for asp AT.\ud \ud With methylene blue, an essential residue is modified, which has a low pK end is believed to be a catalytic base; it is probably a histidine. \ud \ud With rose Bengal phot-oxidation, nitrite and TNM, inactivation is incomplete and the nature end role of the modified residue is v most uncertain.\ud \ud The results with formaldehyde inactivation suggest that it inactivates by a reaction at the active site: the possibility that this reagent cross-links a histidine end a lysine group is discussed.\ud The inactivation results, all together, indicate that two different conformational changes can occur, when substrate is bound to ala AT. The nature of these changes and their relation to the kinetic results are discussed.\ud \ud A detailed model of the catalytic activity of ala AT is presented.\ud
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Sculpt Sexy Abs in 15 Minutes
When you want to sculpt lean, sexy abs, doing crunches is highly overrated. Why? On-your-back moves target just one part of your midsection and leave out the deep-lying muscles that cinch in your waist. This upright abdominal workout, created by Bernardo Coppola, a celebrity personal trainer in L.A., engages all the muscles you need for a bikini-worthy middle—minus the neck strain. You'll be strengthening your entire core, the dozens of muscles that make up your hips, pelvis, lower back, and abs. And this will improve your posture and ensure you perform everyday tasks, such as lugging heavy grocery bags or running to catch a bus, more efficiently. Complete three or four sets of each exercise as instructed, resting for 30 seconds between sets, two or three times a week.
Four Upright Exercises
1. Dumbbell Side Bend
Hold a pair of dumbbells at your sides, arms straight and core engaged (a). Without twisting your upper body, slowly bend to the left as far as you can, lowering the weight toward your left knee. (b). Pause, then slowly return to an upright position. Repeat, bending to the right side. That's one rep. Do 10. 2. Standing Core Stabilization
Standing with your feet hip-width apart, use both hands to hold a dumbbell straight out in front of your chest, core engaged (a). Moving your torso slightly, slowly rotate your arms to the left as far as you can (b). Pause, then rotate to the right. That's one rep. Continue for a total of 10 reps.
3. Bow Extension
Hold a dumbbell in both hands above your right shoulder and point your left foot out to the side (a). In one motion, draw your elbows down to lower the weight as you bend your left knee toward your chest (b). Reverse the movement to return to start. That's one rep. Do 10, then switch sides and repeat.
4. Reverse Dumbbell Chop
Bend your knees, rotate your torso, and hold a dumbbell in both hands outside your left thigh (a). Keeping your arms straight, swing the weight above your right shoulder as you straighten your legs (b). Reverse the movement to return to start. That's one rep. Do 10, then switch sides and repeat.
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Page:Dictionary of National Biography. Sup. Vol I (1901).djvu/390
BRUNLEES, JAMES (1816–1892), son of John Brunlees and his wife Margaret, daughter of John Rutherford of Kelso, was born on 5 Jan. 1816 at Kelso. His father was gardener and steward to the Duke of Roxburgh's agent. James was educated at the parish school, and afterwards at a private school, and on leaving this he engaged in gardening and farm work in order to prepare himself to become a landscape gardener. He had, however, a natural taste for engineering work, and, becoming acquainted with a surveyor on the Roxburgh estates, he picked up a considerable knowledge of surveying, and was eventually employed to make a survey of the estates. During this time he saved money to pay for attendance on classes at the Edinburgh University, where he studied for several sessions.
In 1838 he was an assistant on the Bolton and Preston line, and afterwards on the Caledonian line to Glasgow and Edinburgh. He then became an assistant to (Sir) John Hawkshaw [q. v. Suppl.] on the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway. He carried out railway works in the north of Ireland and Lancashire from 1850 to 1866 (Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. xiv. 239, xvii. 442).
In 1856 Brunlees began the preparation of plans and estimates for the construction of several important railways in Brazil, including the São Paulo railway, a line across the very steep slopes of the Serra do Mar, where he had to adopt the system of inclined planes and stationary engines. This system was fully described in a paper by the resident engineer, Mr. D. M. Fox {''Proc. Inst. Civil Eng''. xxx. 29). For his success in carrying this work to completion he was in 1873 granted the order of the Rose of Brazil.
Another fine and remarkable piece of railway construction for which Brunlees was in part responsible was the Mersey railway, with the tunnel under the river between Birkenhead and Liverpool; he was joint engineer with Mr. (now Sir) Douglas Fox, and on the completion of the work in 1886 they were both knighted. The tunnel was described in a paper by Mr. F. Fox {''Proc. Inst. Civil Eng''. lxxxvi. 40). He was also, with Hawkshaw, engineer to the original Channel Tunnel Company.
The most important of the harbour and dock works for which Brunlees was responsible was the construction of the Avonmouth dock for the city of Bristol, the trade of the city of Bristol having suffered severely from the difficulties of approach to the city through the narrow and tortuous course of the river Avon. This dock was in construction from 1868 to 1877 (see Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. lv. 3).
Brunlees also designed several important piers, the longest being those of Southport and Southend. He became a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1852, served on the council for many years, and was president during 1882-3.
He died at his residence, Argyle Lodge, Wimbledon, on 2 June 1892 at the age of seventy-six. A bust of Sir John is now in the possession of his son, Mr. J. Brunlees of Westminster. He married on 6 Aug. 1845 Elizabeth, daughter of James Kirkman of Bolton-le-Moors.
He wrote the following professional papers, in addition to those already mentioned: 'The Construction of Sea Embankments in Morecambe Bay,' 1855. 'Proposed Ship Railway across the Isthmus of Suez,' 1859. 'Proposed Wet Docks at Whitehaven,' 1870, 'Report on proposed Site for Docks at Bristol,' 1871. 'Railway Accidents, their Causes and Means of Prevention' {''Proc. Inst. Civil Eng.'' xxi. 345). 'Presidential Address ' (ib. lxxii. 2). BUCHANAN, GEORGE (1831–1895), physician, the elder son of George Adam Buchanan, was born in Myddelton Square, Islington, where his father was in general medical practice, on 5 Nov. 1831, He received his early education at University College School, and in 1851, after graduating B. A. in the university of London, he entered University College as a medical student. After a distinguished career both at the college and university he graduated M.B, London in 1854 and was admitted M.D. in the following year.
lie then became resident medical officer at the London Fever Hospital, where he afterwards served as physician (1861-1868) and consulting physician. He was admitted a member of the Royal College of Physicians of London in 1858, and at that date he was practising as a physician in Gower Street, holding the post of assistant physician to the Hospital for Sick Children in Great Ormond Street. In 1866 Buchanan was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London, where he served the office of censor, 1892-4, and Lettsomian lecturer in 1867, He was president of the Epidemiological Society in 1881, and in 1882 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society.
Buchanan was attracted gradually to the | WIKI |
Source
EYui / EYuiAjaxAction.php
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} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
CONS
ΣA e = Effective shear area in the direction of the earthquake considered in any floor
ΣA g = Total of cross-sectional areas of the
structural system elements working as a curtain parallel to the earthquake direction considered at any floor ΣA k = masonry filling parallel to the earthquake direction considered in any floor total of wall areas (excluding door and window openings)
ΣA w = Total effective body areas of column cross-section at any floor
η ci = Strength Irregularity Coefficient defined at i'th floor
B1, Interstorey Strength Irregularity, in reinforced concrete buildings, in any of the two orthogonal earthquake directions, the total effective cutting area of any floor, Strength is defined as the ratio of the total effective cutting area on an upstairs Irregularity Factor η c 's 0.80' is less than the case. The Strength Irregularity Coefficient η ci is defined as follows.
ηci = ( ΣAe )i / ( ΣAe )i+1 < 0.80]
Definition of effective cutting area in any floor:
(ΣA e ) i = (ΣA w ) i + (ΣA g ) i + (0.15 ΣA k ) i
In buildings with B1 type irregularities according to TBDY 3.6.2.3 ,
• If the sum of the filling wall areas on the i'th storey considered is more than the upper storey, the infill walls will not be taken into account in the calculation of η ci .
• Considering the floor where η ci is the smallest, the load-bearing system behavior coefficient given in Table 4.1 between 0.60 ≤ (η ci ) min <0.80 will be multiplied by 1.25 (η ci ) min value and applied to the whole building in both earthquake directions.
• η ci will not be <0.60. Otherwise, the earthquake calculation will be repeated by increasing the strength and stiffness of the weak floor.
In the Irregularity Report , B1 type irregularity is checked and necessary conditions are applied. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Elias Hill
Elias Hill (c. 1819 - March 28, 1872) was a Baptist minister and leader of a York County, South Carolina congregation that emigrated to Arthington, Liberia. In May 1871, during the Reconstruction era, he was among the victims in a series of attacks in York County against local blacks by members of the Ku Klux Klan. His situation received wide attention on account of his condition, as Hill had been stricken by an illness while a child which had left him crippled with his arms and legs in a withered state. He was known for preaching about rights and equality, and taught local children how to read and write.
Early life
Elias Hill was born in 1819 to Dorcas and Elias in York County, South Carolina. The elder Elias was possibly born in Africa. He was stricken with a disease at age seven in 1826 which left him crippled. Some observers described him as a dwarf, and he described the disease as rheumatism, but it was probably polio. It may also have been muscular dystrophy; in any case, he was crippled in one arm and leg. As an adult, his legs remained extremely skinny, his arms were withered, and his jaw was deformed. While still young, Hill's father purchased the freedom of his wife, Hill's mother, for $150. Hill's master included the crippled boy in the transaction.
The Hills were owned by a famous Hill family, which included future Confederate general Daniel Harvey Hill. As a boy, Elias learned to read and write from white school children in York County. No one objected to having such a compromised child hanging around the school. Thus Hill gained certain privileges, but he was also ridiculed for his condition by other children. Daniel Harvey Hill was among those who taught Elias to read. Elias was very intelligent and driven, and his intellectual possibilities were not noticed by the white community around him due to his condition.
After the Civil War ended in 1865, Hill worked as an ordained Baptist preacher moving from congregation to congregation in the South Carolina Piedmont. He also taught reading and writing. By 1871 at the age of 50 he was president of the local Union League. He regularly held political meetings at his cabin and was a popular and powerful preacher, serving a congregation in Clay Hill, near Rock Hill, South Carolina.
Lynchings of Jim Williams, Solomon Hill, and June Moore
In February 1871, Hill met with local Ku Klux Klan (KKK) leaders to negotiate the safety of blacks in the community. The KKK worked to impose white supremacy in the postwar South. Around February 12, eight black men were killed by 500 to 700 whites in black gowns with masks; these murders were followed by nightly Klan raids for months.
After the Civil War, ex-slave and Union veteran Jim Williams returned to York County and began work with Hill for the civil rights of blacks. Williams led a black militia group, one of what were known as Union Leagues. Some whites claimed Williams had threatened to kill local whites and that Williams's militia was stockpiling weapons. They also repeated a rumor that Williams claimed to desire to rape white women if he could. On March 6, 1871, about forty men seized Williams from his home and hanged him from a tree, also shooting him with many bullets. Local KKK leader J. Rufus Bratton, brother of Williams's former owner John S. Bratton, was said to have placed the noose around Williams' neck. Williams was subsequently brought to Bratton's office where Bratton, in his medical capacity, served the inquest.
The mob visited several other homes of men involved in the Union League militia, succeeding in gathering 23 guns but no other members. Members of the league swore vengeance, but did not act. Companies B, E, and K of George Armstrong Custer's Seventh U.S. Cavalry led by Major Lewis Merrill arrived in the area to try to quell the violence, Hill stepped in to lead the League, now in disarray. In another raid, Hill's nephews, Solomon Hill and June Moore, were attacked and forced to renounce their Republican Party affiliation in the local paper, the Yorkville Enquirer.
Assault on Elias Hill
On May 5, 1871, a masked neighbor came to Hill's brother's cabin, which was next door to Hill's own. The neighbor slapped Hill's sister-in-law, demanding to know where the "uppity" Hill resided. Next, Hill was dragged by his arms and legs into the yard and beaten with a horsewhip. He was charged with denouncing the KKK, inciting a riot, and ravishing white women. They threatened to throw him in the river and told him to desist preaching against the KKK. The Klan also demanded Hill denounce the Republican Party, as had his nephews, and cancel his subscription to the Republican paper.
This was the first episode of Ku Klux Klan violence which Merrill witnessed in York County, and he was unable to step in to protect the black citizens. Eight days after the attack, Merrill met with community leaders demanding change, although violence continued over the summer. Merrill's efforts eventually led to the dismantling of much of the Klan in the county. But Bratton, who ran away to Canada for a number of years to escape prosecution, was never successfully prosecuted.
Emigration to Liberia
Hill was afraid for his life and contacted Congressman Alexander S. Wallace and the American Colonization Society, seeking to escape the United States. Along with 135 other blacks, he sailed across the Atlantic to settle in Liberia in October 1871. Before leaving, he testified before a congressional committee that emigration was the best solution: "We do not believe it is possible from the past history and present aspect of affairs, for our people to live in this country peaceably and educate and elevate their children to any degree which they desire." At least 21 of the 31 households that were part of the Clay Hill emigrant group either had suffered Klan attacks or had near relatives in York County who had been victims. "That is the reason we have arranged to go away," Hill said.
The congregation boarded the Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta Railroad and traveled to Charlotte, North Carolina, and then to Portsmouth, Virginia. They sailed to Liberia on the Edith Rose, a trip that included 243 regular passengers and two stowaways, all former slaves like Hill, except for the youngest and a few freedmen. The group settled in Arthington, Liberia.
Life in Liberia and death
Arthington had been founded in 1869 by Alonzo Hoggard and his congregation from Bertie County, North Carolina. In 1870, John Roulhac and his party arrived. In 1871, parties led by Jefferson Bracewell and Elias Hill arrived, and in 1872 another group led by Aaron Miller came.
Conditions in Liberia were much worse than colonists had been told. Colonists believed that mortality and illness were low. However, as many as 20% of immigrants would die of malaria. And Hill discovered when he arrived that the government was in "great disorder". Liberia's president, Edward James Roye, was overthrown in late 1871 in the wake of a financial scandal and was assassinated in early 1872. Hill died of malaria on March 28, 1872, after only six months in Liberia.
Legacy
The Clay Hill congregation remained in Arthington. Hill and Moore, run by Hill's nephews, became a major firm in Liberia and its success enabled the pair to endow a nearby Baptist institute.
In Albion W. Tourgée's book, Bricks Without Straw (1880), the character of Eliab Hill was based in part on Elias Hill.
The story of Elias Hill also inspired Katharine DuPre Lumpkin's novel Eli Hill, which was written in the 1950s and published in 2020 by University of Georgia Press. | WIKI |
Charles Sharpe
Charles Sharpe may refer to:
* Charles Sharpe (cricketer) (1851–1935), English amateur first-class cricketer
* Charles Sharpe (politician) (born 1938), American politician
* Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe (1781?–1851), Scottish antiquary and artist
* Charles Richard Sharpe (1889–1963), English recipient of the Victoria Cross | WIKI |
How To Decide The Best Type of Tyre For Your Car?
Tyre
Buying tyres is another expensive part of owning a car. Tyres are a key maintenance issue for vehicles because they are the rubber that meets the road every day. They must be checked regularly to monitor their tread wear to keep drivers safe from riding on bare tires. Car manufacturers automatically recommend that we replace our tyres after several years (6 to 10) anyway. Vehicles with good treads drive smoother and more safely on a roadway. When the roads are wet with snow or rain, worn tyres can cause slippage and when you are driving, this is hazardous. Speaking of weather, tyres are also exposed to sun, heat, ice, mud, snow, potholes, and sharp objects left on the road that we may not see until we have run over the top of it.
Tread Wear
Outdoor conditions will definitely change the way tyres fit on the car in addition to damaging them. When it is time to buy new tyres, many of us cringe because they are expensive and a necessary part of the car. You know when your car tyre treads are worn because the old method of taking an Australian 20c coin and placing it in the tread grooves is a truism. If the tread does not reach the bill of the platypus, then your tyres need to be changed quickly.
Tyre treadwear rating is important in how long the tread will last. If you have a tyre rated 200 then you can assume that it will last longer than a tyre tread of 100. When you get ready to buy a tyre also look at each manufacturer’s wear ratings. The lower the tyre tread works best on older model vehicles. The higher tyre tread rating is best for newer vehicles that you will have for years to come.
Purchase Tyres Online
There is never any excuse not to purchase new tyres for yourself. If you don’t have the budget and you need to buy tyres then many retail stores are more than cooperative in having you pay for tyres a little at a time. However, buying tyres online is easier and you save more money. Search for a trusted website that allows you to choose your new tyres ahead of time so that when you come into the business, you don’t have to wait.
Online tyre stores feature off-road tyres online and a wide range of tyre brands to fit all driving styles. Online stores help your tyre shopping easier by supplying the following options for the right fit. This includes the tyre size, your budget range, your type of vehicle, the tyre category, i.e., all-terrain or high performance, and all your favourite brands.
How To Buy Tyres
Buying the right tyres is knowing a little bit about what you need and what works best for your vehicle. We have discussed tread wear, therefore, there are an additional 6 points to consider while purchasing tyres:
1. Traction/Temperature:
You may need to know your traction rating which can be found on your car’s maintenance literature. The tyre ratings are from highest to lowest as AA, A, B, and C. Australia doesn’t always rely on this measurement, but when shopping online, this information may be required from time to time based on U.S. treadwear rating. Both Australia and the U.S. follow the Uniform Tyre Quality Grading system. Included in traction rating is the temperature rating, meaning how much a tyre can disperse heat. The rating is based on the alphabet with the highest rating of A, followed by B, and then C.
1. Rolling resistance:
Rolling resistance is the amount of energy used by vehicles on the road. The lower the resistance, the less fuel is used. Tyres play an important role in rolling resistance.
1. Tyre designs:
Tyres are directional. This means that tyres are to be fitted in a specific direction. If you are not knowledgeable about directional tyres, your tyre company can help you find the right tyre (directional, asymmetrical, space-saver) to be fitted to the rim.
1. Tyre code:
Tyres feature a code system that is moulded into the sidewall consisting of numbers and lettering. This code provides information on tyre size, construction, and its capacity and speed. The first three numbers represent the width of the tyre, the following two numbers stand for the percentage of a tyre’s height and width. The remaining letter and numbers stand for the wheel rim and wheel load capacity.
1. Present Fit:
Tyres are purposefully designed to make sure they fit your type of vehicle. For example compact, high-performance 4×4, off-road, vans, mid-sized, campers, hybrids, MPVs, or electrical.
1. Trust the Brand:
If your present brand has been working for you, keep that brand. If you need a different brand, then ask about how a tyre brand operates on the road, how it rides, are there any noise issues on the road, wear rate, efficiency, braking, speed rating, load rating, and naturally its size for your particular vehicle.
Conclusion
The importance of keeping tyres healthy is necessary to help to save lives. They are responsible for keeping traction and braking on the roadways, they must handle a vehicle’s load, tyres must absorb shocks, and they keep vehicles in the right direction while safely driving on the road
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Feasibility of muscle synergy outcomes in clinics, robotics, and sports: A systematic review
Juri Taborri, Valentina Agostini, Panagiotis Artemiadis, Marco Ghislieri, Daniel A. Jacobs, Jinsook Roh, Stefano Rossi
Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review
28 Scopus citations
Abstract
In the last years, several studies have been focused on understanding how the central nervous system controls muscles to perform a specific motor task. Although it still remains an open question, muscle synergies have come to be an appealing theory to explain the modular organization of the central nervous system. Even though the neural encoding of muscle synergies remains controversial, a large number of papers demonstrated that muscle synergies are robust across different tested conditions, which are within a day, between days, within a single subject, and between subjects that have similar demographic characteristics. Thus, muscle synergy theory has been largely used in several research fields, such as clinics, robotics, and sports. The present systematical review aims at providing an overview on the applications of muscle synergy theory in clinics, robotics, and sports; in particular, the review is focused on the papers that provide tangible information for (i) diagnosis or pathology assessment in clinics, (ii) robot-control design in robotics, and (iii) athletes' performance assessment or training guidelines in sports.
Original languageEnglish (US)
JournalApplied Bionics and Biomechanics
Volume2018
DOIs
StatePublished - 2018
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Biotechnology
• Medicine (miscellaneous)
• Bioengineering
• Biomedical Engineering
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One wan, 2 public subnets. How to configure?
• I've got an internet connection coming my way from a tier 1 provider but they're using a configuration that's got me a little confused when it comes to implementation.
They've provided me 2 public address ranges, one is a /30 that I am to use for my router, the other is a /27 that are the public IPs to use for services.
Will pfSense automatically understand what's happening if I just add virtual IPs to the wan interface for the entire /27 range? I'm hoping it'll see traffic for that IP hitting it on the /30 address and just handle it. I'm in the process of building an environment to test this now but if someone else can confirm I'd be grateful!
• My suggestion is to assign the /30 on wan and /27 on a dmz interface.
• Thanks.
I went ahead and threw a VM on the wan subnet and tested hitting IP aliases that belonged to another /27 and it worked without issue.
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| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
triple parentheses
Noun
* 1) The parentheses "()" placed around a name or thing (used to indicate that somebody or something has a Jewish background or is thought to be insidiously controlled by the Jews). | WIKI |
Forgotten in New Orleans
NO discussion of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina fails to focus on the stark class and racial differences that supposedly determined its residents' fates. The city's Lower Ninth Ward has become an international symbol of the neglect suffered by low-income African-Americans, while the white middle- and upper-class neighborhoods on higher ground are portrayed as having hardly been affected. But as gripping as that story may be, it's an oversimplification. New Orleans was also home to a large black middle class, which is now in a quandary. Although we are white, we know this firsthand. Along with tens of thousands of black middle-class families, we lost our homes and our belongings in the low-lying section of the city called New Orleans East, the northern part of the Ninth Ward. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Masaka–Mutukula–Mwanza High Voltage Power Line
The Masaka–Mutukula–Mwanza High Voltage Power Line is a proposed high voltage electricity power line, connecting the high voltage substation at Masaka, in Masaka District, in the Central Region of Uganda, to another high voltage substation at Mwanza, in Mwanza Region, in the Republic of Tanzania.
Location
The power line starts at the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited (UETCL) 220kV substation in Masaka. The line travels in a general southwesterly direction to Mutukula, at the international border with Tanzania. From Mutukula, the power line continues in a general southeasterly direction to Bukoba, on the western shores of Lake Victoria. From Bukoba, the line loops around the lake, and continues eastwards to end at Mwanza. The Ugandan portion of the power line measures 82 km. The distance travelled by the power line in Tanzania is approximately 500 km.
Overview
This power line is intended to enable Uganda and Tanzania to share electric energy. As part of the energy-sharing protocols of the East African Community, and Nile Basin Initiative, Uganda plans to increase energy sales to Tanzania, when Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station comes online. The construction of this high voltage power line has been planned as far back as 2011.
Construction
As of January 2018, the feasibility study, environmental impact assessment and population resettlement plans were complete. Plans to construct the power line were underway, under the auspices of the East African Community. In February 2019, Uganda's junior energy minister, Simon D'Ujanga announced that funds had been secured to upgrade this power line to 400kV.
In May 2022 during meetings held in Entebbe, Uganda between Presidents Yoweri Museveni of Uganda and his guest, Samia Suluhu of Tanzania, an MOU was signed for the two countries to source funds and build this power line at 400kV. In the EastAfrican newspaper the power line is referred to as the Masaka–Mutukula–Kyaka–Nyakanazi–Mwanza High Voltage Power Line. | WIKI |
How Long Does It Take to Get Into Ketosis getfitqueen.com
How Long Does It Take To Get Into Ketosis?
How long it takes you to get into Ketosis varies from person to person.
For some, although it as low as 2 days. While for others, getting into ketosis can extend to 10 days.
Reaching ketosis depends on many factors including your eating schedule, activity level, fat intake, protein intake, carb intake, stress, sleep, and more.
For example, people who used to eat a very high-carb diet before starting the keto diet may take longer to reach ketosis.
While people who used to eat a healthy moderate carbs diet may take less time to reach ketosis. This is due to you ought to be fully fat-adapted to reach full-blown ketosis and get all the benefits of the keto diet.
5 tips to reach ketosis faster.
It’s impossible to tell the exact time to reach ketosis. But there are some things you can do to reach ketosis faster and avoid the most common mistakes people make. Here are some tips to reach ketosis faster.
1. Avoid eating out
eating out keto
Eating out makes it tough to monitor your carbohydrate intake and you will probably consume hidden carbs without even knowing. unless the restaurant you visit has keto-friendly options you should avoid eating out.
2. Make sure you are eating enough fat
Generally, 70% of calories should come from fat.
Make sure to get your fats from healthy sources like avocados, nuts, seeds, eggs, coconut, olives, olive oil, full-fat greek yogurt, fatty fishes, cheese, butter, coconut, and coconut oil.
3. Get enough sleep and Limit stress
keto sleep
When starting the keto diet it is advisable to keep your problems just possible.
Due to stress, our body produces a stress hormone called “cortisol”, which releases glucose in our bloodstream, followed by higher levels of insulin as well.
Higher levels of insulin suppresses ketone production and prevent your body to enter in ketosis.
Getting enough sleep reduces stress and boosts metabolism, which helps you reach ketosis faster.
4. Try Intermittent fasting
Incorporating intermittent fasting into your keto diet may help you reach ketosis faster than the keto diet alone.
That’s because when you fast, your body maintains its energy balance by utilizing fat stores as a fuel source, This exact process happens when you follow the keto diet.
So, following a keto diet and intermittent fasting together can help a person achieve ketosis faster.
5. Limit your protein intake to 20% percent
too many calories keto
Remember that the keto diet is not a high protein diet.
Too much protein intake can prevent ketosis through the process called gluconeogenesis.
Basically, to eat more protein than recommended, some of its amino acids will be turned into glucose and prevent your body from going into ketosis.
How to know if you are in ketosis
The most accurate and reliable way to know if buy ketosis or not is to measure ketone levels in your blood.
To measure ketone levels in your blood, you’ll need a blood glucose meter designed to test for ketone levels.
A blood ketone levels 1.5 to 3 mg/dL indicates that your body is in nutritional ketosis.
You can even use urine and breath tests to check ketone levels, but these methods are less reliable compared to blood tests.
Other than urine or blood tests, Usually there are some common symptoms that indicate that buy ketosis.
These symptoms include Headache, Fatigue, Dizziness, Nausea, Brain fog, Gastrointestinal discomfort, Low energy, Feeling faint. These symptoms are usually called as keto flu.
In simple words, Keto flu means bunch of flu-like symptoms that appear when your body is adapting fat for fuel.
These symptoms are short-term and should be resolved once your body is fully fat adapted.
Once your body fully adapted to fat, you should notice a rise in positive effects, such as weight loss, feeling more energized, and reduced hunger cravings.
Conclusion
For most individuals, it should take only about 2-4 days to enter into ketosis.
But for a few people, it may be the equivalent of 10 days.
The time it takes depends on many factors including your eating schedule, activity level, fat intake, protein intake, carb intake, stress, sleep, and more.
Following proper macros, getting enough sleep, and avoiding stress are the most useful ways to reach ketosis faster.
Copyright © 2021 GetFitQueen | Lose Weight and Feel Great | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Paracrine roles of extracellular vesicles released by mouse mesoangioblasts
Risultato della ricerca: Book/Film/Article reviewpeer review
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) represent an important mediator ofcell-to-cell communication and are involved in both autocrineand paracrine signaling, with a critical role in a number of physiologicaland pathological conditions.1 The bioactive moleculescontained within EV simultaneously activate several differentpathways resulting in the synergistic stimulation of target cells.The discovery and characterization of EV have added a novelunderstanding to regenerative medicine, namely the finding thatstem cells are an abundant source of EV.1-2 A6 mouse mesoangioblasts,vessel-associated multipotent progenitor stem cellsthat are capable of differentiating into different mesodermalcell types, are able to release in the extracellular environmentmembrane vesicles, which contain structural proteins, FGF-2 and the two gelatinases MMP2 and MMP9.3 Moreover, we havealready demonstrated that EV released by these cells containHsp70 as a transmembrane protein, which is involved in anautocrine signaling responsible for increased cell migration.4 Inthis study we have investigated the possible paracrine effects ofA6 derived EV with other cell types, and the effects of theseinteractions. Firstly, we have focused our attention on theirinteraplay capacity with human endothelial cells, which areinduced to form capillary-like structures in vitro and to increasetheir motility. Furthermore, we have analyzed EV immunomodulatoryeffect on Jurkat lymphocytes, demonstrating that theyare able to inhibit both their activation and proliferation.Finally, we have investigated the role of sugar residues on themembrane of A6 derived EV in their interaction with other celltypes, by enzymatic removing of N-linked glycans on their membrane.In particular, PNGase F that is responsible for the cleavagebetween asparagine and GlcNAc in all types of glycanchains induces a substantial reduction in EV-target cell interaction.On the contrary, the use of EndoH, which is responsible forthe cleavage between two residues of GlcNAc, increase targetcell-EV interaction.
Lingua originaleEnglish
pagine (da-a)4-4
Numero di pagine1
RivistaEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY
Volume61/supplement 1
Stato di pubblicazionePublished - 2017
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Talk:Call Boy (horse)
Race confusion
Some sources give the name of the race won by CB between the Guineas and the Derby as the "Sledmere Plate/Stakes" others call it the Newmarket Stakes. Could be different names for the same race. The Newmarket Stakes would have been the obvious target so that's the one I've chosen. Tigerboy1966 (talk) 01:59, 9 November 2011 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/544
* SPOTTISWOODE. 468 SPRAGUE. London. He was educated at Balliol College, Ox- ford. His memoirs on the contact of curves and surfaces in the Philosophical Transactions and various other scientific journals are important and original. Among his works are: Medita- tiones AnalyticcE (1847); Elementary Theorems Jielaiing to Determinants (1851 ; a second edition appeared in Crelle's Journal, 1856) ; A Tarantasse Journeif Throui/h Eastern Russia (1857) ; Polar- ■isatio7i'of Liyht (1874) ; A Lecture on the Elec- trical DiKvhiirii'-, its Form anil Functions (1881). SPOTTSYLVANIA COURT HOITSE, B.T- TLES OF. A series of battles during the Civil War, fought between May 7 and May 21, 1864, at and near Spottsyivania Court House in Virginia, 49 miles north by west of Richmond, between the Federal Army of the Potomac, under Cieneral Jleade, and the Confed- erate Army of Northern Virginia, under General Lee. As in the battle of the Wilderness (q.v.), the movements of the Federal army were directe'd by General Grant. Both armies paused for lii-eath after the battle of the Wilderness (ilay 5th, 6th), and prepared to renew the struggle. The Federal wagon trains were early in the afternoon of the 7th drawn to the eastward to clear the direct road to Spottsyivania Court House, upon which a night march had been ordered. This was. however, anticipated by General Lee. and Longstreet's corps (under R. H. Anderson) moved toward the same point, which (having a shorter line) they reached early on the morning of the 8th in time to oppose the advance of War- ren's corps. Anderson had been ordered to liegin his march at about the hour when (forced to move earlier by the burning forest in which he could not bivouac) he actually arrived at his destination. Notwithstanding the celerity with which Anderson moved. Watson's division of the Federal cavalry reached the Court House some hours earlier, a'nd had not, as alleged, Sheridan's dispositions been countermanded by ileade, the result might have been different. Anderson im- mediately intrenched, and, although attacked by Warren with vigor, was enabled to maintain his position until heavily reinforced. By noon of the 9th the relative positions of the opposing forces were as follows : The Con- federate line formed a semicircle in front of the Court House, facing north, northwest, and northeast, with Anderson, Ewell. and Early from left to right. Confronting them were Warren, Sedgwick, and Burnside from right to left in order named; Hancock had not yet arrived, but had been ordered to threaten Lee's left. In the course of these movements the distinguished commander of the Sixth Corps — General Sedgwick — was killed by a sharpshooter, and was succeeded by General Wright. It was discovered that Han- cock's movement had caused Lee to draw troops from his right, and Grant thereupon (on the 10th) delivered a severe blow upon that part of his enemy's line. Combining for the purpose the Fifth, Sixth, and part of the Second Corps, all under Hancock, while Burnside was to cooperate (a storming party of 12 regiments under Colonel Upton being a feature of the attacking column), he scaled the enemy's intrenchments and took sev- eral guns and some hundreds of prisoners. The general attack failed, and was repulsed with loss; it was renewed with success and Upton's men (their commander severely wounded) were final- ly withdrawn, bringing their prisoners with tiicni, but leaving the guns behind. On the 11th there was no fighting. A reconnaissance made on the 11th from Han- cock's corps discovered a salient, at the right centre of the Confederate intrenchments. At 4 o'clock the next morning a combined attack of Hancock and Burnside was made, resulting in the capture of 4000, prisoners, 30 guns, sev- eral thousand stand of arms, and many colors. This success was only achieved after the most severe hand-to-hand fighting that occurred dur- ing the war. The captured artillery was turned upon the defenders of the position, who, heavily reinforced, resisted most strenuously. Five times Lee's men made desperate attempts to dis- lodge Hancock, each time losing heavily. It was 3 o'clock next morning before the fighting ceased, after the troops had been for nearly twenty hours under fire. Lee retired to a fresh position in rear of the one previously occupied and strongly intrenched. Until the 18th the two armies lay facing each other, engaging in sev- eral minor conflicts, and Grant then, on Jlay 19th-21st, transferred his army to the North Anna River. On the 8th Sheridan had been de- tached with his command and sent on a raid in the direction of Richmond and against Lee's com- nuniications. He was promptly followed by the Confederate cavalry, but, notwithstanding their efforts, succeeded in passing entirely around Lee's army. He had four severe engagements with Stuart's cavalry, in one of which that dis- tinguished leader was mortally wounded, re- captured 400 Federal prisoners, captured large quantities of supplies and war material, de- stroyed miles of railroad and telegraph, passed within the outer defenses of the enemy's capital, and after a fortnight's absence reached Grant's headquarters. The Federal losses at Spottsyi- vania are estimated at 6820 ; those of the Con- federates at 9000, in killed, wounded, and missing. Consult: Offi<-ial Records; Johnson and Buel (eds.). Battles and Leaders of the Ciril ^yar (New York, 1887); Humphreys. The Vir- ffinia Campaign of ISG-i and ISOo (New York, 1883) ; Grant, Personal Memoirs (last ed.. New York, 1895) : Badeau, Military History of Ulysses S. Grant (New York, 1868-81) ; and Swinton, Campaicins of the Army of the Potomac (new ed.. New York, 1882). S. P. Q. R. The abbreviation of Senatus populusque Romanus (the senate and the Roman people), the motto surmounting the Roman stand- ards. SPRAGUE, sprag, Charles (1791-1875). An American poet, born in Boston, Mass. Leaving school at an early age, he became a merchant's clerk, and in 1820 teller in a bank. From 1825 to 1865 he was cashier in the Globe Bank of Boston. His literary skill was chiefly shown in occasional poems, which were first collected in 1841. In 1850, 1855, and 1876 editions of his Poetical and Prose Writings were pub- lished. Much of his verse i.s in the familiar rhymed couplet of the eighteenth century, to which period its literary feeling chiefly belongs. SPRAGUE, William (1830—). An Ameri- can manufacturer and politician, bom at Cranston, R. 1. After studying at the Irving Institute, Tarrj'town, N. Y., he entered his fa- | WIKI |
How to add a new window to the ygwm framework ?
20120829: init by whygee@f-cpu.org
20120906
20130806 : removed target="blank"
20140223: INIT() renamed
UNFINISHED
Windows and keys
A window or tool can be started/launched/run by
All these mechanisms rely on an internal system of "keys" : a key is a short string that names and identify the window. So the first thing to do is to choose a key that doesn't exist yet. Look at keys.js to find a suitable key : unambiguous, distinctive, human-readable but short.
Here is a list of the keys currently used on this interface :
Then look at the template and how it is written, as well as how it is connected to the other parts. The template files are available at
test/template.js
test/template.en.html
HTML
Languages and names
The .html suffix is always preceded by a 2-characters language name. Always have a .en.html available because this is the fallback language when the currently selected language has no translation. For a list of the currently supported languages, look at gui-js/lang.js
Basically you can start by writing a HTML page containing your text, with all the markup but keep the JavaScript separate because it will not be interpreted inside the HTML page.
Except for special cases, the convention is to use the same file name for the JavaScript and HTML files, in the same directory.
Format
The HTML files contain a normal page but stripped from headers, so it's the contents of the <body> tag. There is often a special header so people can still see the contents but without all the style sheets and dynamic alterations. It is also search engine friendly :-)
Anything in the HTML file before the <!--startHTMI--> tag or after <!--endHTMI--> is ignored and not displayed in a ygwm window.
The HTML can also be post-processed after it is displayed by gui-js/winman.js:patchInnerLinks() so you can add some nifty stuff:
Gluing it all with JavaScript
So you can write your HTML code and look at it in a normal browser (more or less). Integrating this HTML, which can get VERY dynamic and depend on many other features offered by ygwm and all the other files, can be quite delicate.
The easy way : doc.js
doc/doc.js starts with a list of keys it handles itself, with the necessary properties such as menu bar title, menu bar name, color style, and JS code to execute when creating the page.
You may add your own page in the list, with the caveat that the key name is also the path to your file. The language (en, fr...) and .html suffixes are appended automatically.
The harder way : write your own code
The presentation is rendered from HTML but is controlled (through the browser's DOM) by JavaScript. So you need to write JavaScript code that gets integrated into the whole ygwm system.
This starts with a .js file, ideally of the same name as the key (or similar). The first thing to do is to declare a new object, which will contain all our data and code, cleanly separated from the rest of the software :
// MyKey.js file
MyKey={
// my private data and code
}
But to work and become integrated into ygwm, it must be "connected" somehow.
The method needs these steps :
• Register the new .js file at the end of the list in index.dev.js
It contains the js_list array, with the names of all the files to use. It's the first level of loading the whole site, the objects and codes are loaded and analysed in order but initialisation comes later.
It works a bit like a fstab file: just put 1 and 1, because a 0 will prevent your file to work both in the development and production versions of the site.
[1, 1, "Mydirectory/MyKey"], // the .js extension is added automaticly
Be careful to add your filename at the end, BUT before the "keys" and "body_start" files.
• Register the new object by "pushing" it in the list of objects.
The list of all the objects to initialise is called INIT_list, as defined in ygwm/init.js. To register a new object in it, just surround the object declaration with some code :
INIT(MyKey={
// my private data and code
});
• Add a startup/initialisation function in your object
INIT_list[] is scanned after all the files are loaded and analysed. For each of the objects in the array, the initialisation code will execute a function inside them, called INIT_func.
This initialisation code typically adds a new entry in the menu bar and/or instantiates or resets data. This is the second stage of startup.
INIT(MyObj={
// my private data and code
INIT_func: function(){
// Adds a new menu item for the key "MyKey"
menu.subMenuItem(menu.list["Doc"],["My Key","Ma clé"], "MyKey");
}
});
If your code does not need any initialisation or integration in the menu bar, you can skip all the INIT()/INIT_func() steps.
Registering the new key
If you don't go through doc/doc.js, there are two other ways to register a new key :
Starting the key's window
When the key is called, winman.js will look at the key list, find the associated JavaScript object and call the start() inside it.
That is where the window is created. start() will return the window ID that was created so the key can be marked as "open" in case multiple open windows are not allowed.
The window creation, population, initialisation etc. is the responsibility of start(), that you have to create and adapt to your needs. Look at the template and similar files for details of how to call ygwm.new_window().
Triggers
Keys can receive parameters or new data. Yes ! You can send messages or force a configuration parameter if you provide the code to analyse it. The only limitation is the size and encoding: these data are passed as a string and may be in a URL, such as this one :
<a href="#!ASM/asm#a?MOV%208000h%20R1">
The whole key starts after the #! signs but it can also contain other # signs, which are separately passed to the window AFTER it is opened.
The magic happens by declaring a function called "trigger" in the window object. This function will be called by the keys manager in winman.js, passing everything that follows the first # sign/
Compaction
In the above procedure, I assumed that you are using index.dev.html because this is the one that loads the other .js files dynamicly.
The file index.html however is generated by a compaction system which gathers all the .js files and reduces the size.
Once your code is working well with index.dev.html, you can regenerate the index.html with the following procedure :
1) Flush your browser's cache. You don't want old versions of the files to be used.
2) start index.dev.html#!compact
3) click on "Save index.prod.html"
4) save the generated file in the same subdirectory as the currently running index.dev.html
5) if a JavaScript error appears when running index.html, re-do 4) after enabling the "Debug \n" option, so you can locate the error's cause more easily. A forgotten semicolon is the most probable cause. Then redo 4) without the option to check that it still works. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
less than 1 minute read
Gene Expression: Overview of Control
Combinatorial Regulation Of Gene Expression
Some eukaryotic gene regulatory proteins work individually, but most act within a complex of proteins. Furthermore, a single gene regulatory protein may participate in multiple types of regulatory complexes. For example, a protein might function in a complex that activates the transcription of one gene and in a complex that represses transcription of another gene.
A gene that must be turned on at different times and in different tissues during development might have gene regulatory proteins clustered at multiple sites along its regulatory region. These complexes can then regulate the expression of the gene in a variety of developmental processes. The rate of RNA synthesis initiation will depend on the combination of regulatory proteins bound to the control regions of the gene. Thus, we can think of the regulatory region of the gene as an information processor, like a computer, that integrates input from all the regulatory proteins present and determines an appropriate level of RNA synthesis.
Additional topics
Medicine EncyclopediaGenetics in Medicine - Part 2Gene Expression: Overview of Control - The Flow Of Genetic Information From Genes To Proteins, Gene Control Occurs At Several Levels, How Do Cells Regulate Transcription? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Symbionese Liberation Army
The Bonnot Gang
It may just be my fancy, but I'd like to work in a link to the Bonnot gang, who I think were similar in style to the SLA. They were politicals/revolutionaries who robbed banks, used the technology of the times to advantage (The Bonnot Gang used cars to escape, the SLA manipulated the media), and both were decimated by bloody police shoot-outs. Any comments, am I taking this too far? An An 04:44, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)
Nix to absurd Bonnot Gang link
You might as well have a link to everyone who has ever been known to wear shoes, since, after all, say what you will about them but the members of the SLA were all known to be shoe-wearers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Miasnikov (talk • contribs) 05:03, 23 November 2009 (UTC)
Camilla (and Nancy): armed/unarmed?
Right now the section about the shootout says"One woman came out to surrender and the police shot her in the head." This doesn't jibe with the page on Camilla Hall, which states that
"Camilla died in a shootout (May 17, 1974, 9 000 rounds fired) with police in which five other SLA members were killed. Reportedly, she was shot in the head while charging the police with a pistol."
So which is it? Did the police shoot an unarmed woman who was trying to surrender, or an armed one who was charging them? This is significant, especially given what the police are quoted as saying a few sentences earlier. ("Come on out! The house is on fire! You will not be harmed.")
Note: The page on Nancy Ling Perry adds this, which contradicts the "one woman" part above. Hmph.
"As the their hideout burned, Perry and fellow SLA member Camilla Hall exited the back door. Police claimed that Perry came out firing a revolver while Hall fired an automatic pistol. Police shot them both immediately. Perry was shot twicel; one shot hit her right lung, the other shot severing her spine. Hall was shot once in the forehead. Investigators working for her parents claimed that Perry had come walking out of the house intending to surrender."
--Ultra Megatron 02:15, 25 February 2006 (UTC)
There appear to be stories. Impossible from here to know which is correct. Both should probably be included. Justforasecond 18:27, 26 February 2006 (UTC)
Why did someone remove the section about the SLA's move to Los Angeles?<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:26, 4 December 2011 (UTC)
There are strong elements of fantasy in this account, primarily the fault of using sources dedicated more to point of view than fact, e.g., Stone's film. To correct them all would require a complete rewrite of the article. I'll confine myself to this one comment and refer others to my own "talk" comments attached to the "Patricia Hearst" article.
The house at 1466 E. 54th Street (where the shootout and fire occurred), like many residences in Southern California, was built on slab with a crawl space beneath it. The six SLA members surrounded by the police and fire departments eventually sought refuge in this space after the house caught fire. But, Nancy Ling Perry was claustrophobic and exited the house through a vent into this space. She had with her the Rossi revolver initially used (by someone -- not necessarily Ling) to shoot Robert Blackburn, and LAPD officers say she fired it at them while she was fleeing the house. Camilla Hall tried to follow her but did not get very far (she was much bigger and could not squeeze through the vent). Ling was the one shot through the lungs, and Hall was the one shot through the head. This account is supported by the radio logs of the Los Angeles Police Department (which clearly relate that Ling was firing the revolver), the official reports of the area search (which pinpoint the location of Ling's body and the Rossi), and the subsequent medicolegal investigation conducted by Dr. Thomas Noguchi (LA county coroner), which established cause of death. The entry wound in Ling's back was occasioned when the first of the slugs that hit her spun her around (she was only about 98 pounds).
The best evidence here is the official reports and logs (the radio logs were made contemporaneous with the battle and hardly could be faked).
Claims the two were killed while trying to surrender are false, and any claim that the SLA was part of a CIA conspiracy is pure fantasy -- Mae Brussell nonsense. The house probably caught fire when police launched a tear-gas canister into it, and it alighted near a can of gasoline that had been shot full of holes (the canisters at the time worked by incendiary action, and the black smoke initially observed is indicative of a petrol-fed ignition). The fire department's battalion chief, Willard Reifke, then had a heated debate with the Officer in Charge at the scene -- the police commander wanted Reifke to put out the fire, even to the point of bringing in aircraft, but Reifke asserted that the tar-paper roof of the structure made this a useless gesture (water or retardant would just bounce off the roof and never get to the base of the flames). Reifke then angrily said, "I'm not sending my men into a burning building full of a bunch of crazy idiots; this is a 'let-burn' situation, and you know it!" That remark was overheard by local residents watching the battle, who told newsmen [Newsweek] that the police had said, "Let it burn." Newsweek reported the "Let it burn" claim and added that its reporters had had to dodge shrapnel after police threw grenades into the house. The reality is that then Asst. Chief of Police Darryl Gates specifically denied the SWAT teams permission to use explosives, and the grenades were the SLA's grenades which detonated as a result of heat from the fire. (Gates's order also is confirmed by the radio logs, and a homemade grenade made from a metal 35mm film can was found on Wolfe's body.)
By then, however, the damage was done -- Patricia Hearst became absolutely convinced that the police were trying to kill her, and that locked her into remaining with the SLA survivors, who had not hesitated to tell her that such was what the police had planned for her all along. See e.g., the remarks by Little and Remiro in Robert Brainard Pearsall's book, The Symbionese Liberation Army.
Robert Crim — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:46, 23 April 2014 (UTC)
* Note - Pearsall's book is a compilation of documents and records by and about the SLA, published in 1974.Parkwells (talk) 16:36, 8 August 2022 (UTC)
Healthy Skepticism of Hearst
I'm certainly not going to act as an apologist for the SLA but...
In the conditions of captivity section (especially) and in some other places there were some disputable claims regarding Hearst's captivity that were treated as facts. I've tried to `correct those by adding "Hearst claims..." and such.
Also, there were some rather strange remarks that didn't seem to serve any purpose beyond making the SLA seem really, really bad. The line, for example, that claimed DeFreeze was "remorseless" regarding the killings during the Hibernia bank and that he "rationalized" them as "accidents" in the communique. I've heard the communique: While it may be fair to describe the tone as "remorseless" it's certainly dangerously close to editorializing, no? Further, he doesn't exactly "rationalize" them as "accidents." First, "rationalize" like "remorseless" smacks of editorializing. Second, "accidents" implies they didn't mean to shoot them. DeFreeze makes clear that their intent was to shoot the victims and he coldly lays out why.
Finally, it doesn't seem fair to suddenly start using "Tania" for Hearst's name in the discussion of her crimes. While her "Tania" identity has been established earlier in the article, it seems confusing to suddenly start using it for just one section.
I think that covers the edits I made.
Nicks1199 23:26, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* I pretty much agree with your edits, except for the SLA's claim that the conditions of Hearst's captivity were in accordance with the Geneva Conventions; it's not a POV statement for the entry to point out that this claim was untenable.--Galliaz 00:34, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
Infobox headers
Three items in the box strike me as problematic: (1) Listing the SLA's "Role" as "Guerilla Warfare," (2) including a listing for "Battles/Wars," and (3) omitting the Hearst kidnapping. I would list the SLA's role as "Armed Political Action," and replace "Battles/Wars" with "Activities," and include the Hearst kidnapping. It is profoundly mistaken to describe the assassination of the two unarmed school administrators as a "battle."--Galliaz 12:14, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
* Even though my initial query received no response, I still think this is quite a serious problem which mars the entry. Since I can't edit the infobox without breaking it (which I'd rather not do, of course), I'd appreciate a good-faith engagement with the questions I've raised here.--Galliaz 22:07, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
* The Hearst kidnapping has been added and the I added a field to the infobox template to make the label an editable field. I used the word "actions" which I think sounds better than "Activities,". As for changing SLA's role from "Guerilla Warfare," to "Armed Political Action,": I don't think "Armed Political Action," goes far enough but I would comprise if you have another term between "Guerilla Warfare," and "Armed Political Action," -- Esemono 01:22, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
* I'm inclined to agree with you: finding an alternative to "Guerilla Warfare" is pretty difficult. I vote to keep it as it is.--Galliaz 02:12, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
Symbiowhat?
Is "symbionese" a proper English adjective to "symbiosis", or was it a freely invented where the proper word is "symbiotic"? Oh, those revolutionaries! If the latter is true, I think that ought to be mentioned in the article. Maikel 08:36, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
Language
"Foster, an African American, was popular on the left and in the black community, and his murder was unanimously viewed as counterproductive; " Dont think this is appropriate, what murder would the author have viewed as productive? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:57, 10 October 2007 (UTC)
* Agreed; that language suggests that some murders are productive. I'll remove the whole second part of that sentence ("... and his murder was unanimously viewed as counterproductive; thus, the S.L.A. garnered no support from that event.") The word "unanimously" is misused anyway, unless there was a survey I don't know about. Gingerwiki 21:25, 4 November 2007 (UTC)
* Some Murders are productive, such as those that remove tyrants from power.--Degen Earthfast (talk) 22:29, 19 September 2009 (UTC)
* The Associated Press said that his murder alienated the black community and leftists. The SLA apparently thought their action would help them recruit new members from the community. They were way out of touch.Parkwells (talk) 16:41, 8 August 2022 (UTC)
Fair use rationale for Image:Timehearst.jpg
Image:Timehearst.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.
BetacommandBot (talk) 19:52, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
Hibernia Bank Robbery
The article linked to the Hibernia National Bank for the Hibernia Bank robbery, but I think this is wrong; HNB was in Lousiana, while the robbery was in San Francisco; I think they're two different banks (with similar names)! I'm going to remove the link for now, unless someone can confirm I'm way off. Laser813 (talk) 05:00, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
No, Laser183, you are right. The Hibernia Bank that was robbed was headquartered in San Francisco. It later merged into Security Pacific National Bank in 1988. See the 79th Annual Report of the California Superintendent of Banks. Interstate banking was not permitted until the Riegle-Neal Act of 1994, so it would not have been possible for it to have been HNB. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pchas (talk • contribs) 19:51, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
Funny that this took over 5 years to fix. Being somewhat familiar with HNB (now part of Capital One), as part of cleaning up that article I just split this bank off as Hibernia Bank (San Francisco); I only ran into this in cleaning up old HNB links. --RBBrittain (talk) 15:14, 14 September 2013 (UTC)
"Recent Trials" section needs correcting
Paragraphs 1 and 6 in the "Recent Trials" section contain contradictory information about Sarah Jane Olson (date of release, length of sentence, etc.)<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:56, 21 March 2008 (UTC)
Where's that famous corny statement they used to make?
"Death to the fascist insect that preys upon the life of the people!" —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:00, 28 July 2008 (UTC)
Ideology could be clearer
I'm still scratching my head over what the hell they were about. Presumably Marxist/Anarchist, but black liberationist? The picture of members shows only one person who has obvious African ancestry. There should be more about their alleged purpose. The article has a lot on their activities - fair enough - but it needs to say more about their raison d'etre.--MacRusgail (talk) 13:46, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
* Yeah, I agree. I can't really figure out what they are for or against. All I can see is they like terrorism, random Hindu things, and seven-headed cobras.--Metallurgist (talk) 21:46, 15 March 2009 (UTC)
It's really difficult to figure them out, which is why this doesn't seem so far-fetched:
''Wolfe had been slain in the L.A. shoot-out. His family hired Lake Headley-- an ex-police intelligence officer who was chief investigator at Wounded Knee-- to find out what had really happened. He and fellow researchers Donald Freed and Rusty Rhodes concluded that the SLA was part of the CIA's CHAOS program'' Cleshne (talk) 19:08, 11 August 2010 (UTC)
Another thing that should be mentioned under "ideology" is that the "seven principles" symbolized by the 7 headed cobra were in fact directly copied from the "seven principles of Kwanzaa." —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:35, 19 January 2011 (UTC)
* There was really no ideology to speak of. Whatever they said was usually just an echo of what other people were saying around Berkeley at the time. "SYMBIONESE LIBERATION ARMY Communiqué No. 1" issued after they killed the school officials in Oakland is one of their more coherent documents. Its written by someone who had been worked up into a paranoid frenzy within the crazy atmosphere of Berkeley at that time. They were convinced that the fascists had targeted the Oakland schools as part of a plan to destroy the revolutionary movement in the Berkeley area. They convinced themselves that there were going to be concentration camps for schoolkids and that police with shotguns were going to be deployed to control the schools. They worked themselves up into a totally crazy state, killed two people and then spent all their time afterward in reactive mode until they were mostly shot to pieces in LA a few months later. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:06, 16 January 2014 (UTC)
Stone 2004 is throughout the article. Is that a reference?
Why does it say (Stone 2004) throughout the article? If that is a reference towards something, then it should use a proper reference tag. D r e a m Focus 05:47, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
* From the article, "Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst, directed by Robert Stone, 2004. (Released under the alternate title : Neverland: The Rise and Fall of the Symbionese Liberation Army.)"
Pop Culture: Network (1976) - Valid?
The article states that the SLA is parodied in the film Network by a group in discussed in the film, the (apparently, though I haven't looked into it) fictional Ecumenical Liberation Army. However, in the movie, BOTH are mentioned, the ELA initially being mistaken by one character to be the SLA, whereupon they're corrected that the two are seprate, distinct groups. Due to the factual mention of the SLA, acknowledging their existence, this hardly qualifies as parody of the group, to me. Should the SLA not have been mentioned, and the ELA stood as an analogue for the SLA, I believe proper parody would be achieved. I propose either a change of wording from "parody" to a "mention" etc. or removal of the list item. Mr.troughton (talk) 07:54, 17 November 2010 (UTC)
Gonna go ahead and change that then. Lemme know if you disagree, but for the sake of practicality and my sanity please be polite about it.
Mr.troughton (talk) 07:56, 17 November 2010 (UTC)
It has been made known to me that during the time of the kidnapping of Patty Hearst, there was a plan in place to use the hypnotic characteristics of "The Catcher in the Rye" to produce action against Ronald Reagan and John Lennon, by name. There were others mentioned that had been or would be actions taken against. These are said to represent two fangs of the hydra (a five headed cobra), in the name of Raul and Ramone Castro, Fidels brothers. There were other people mentioned also, in pairs.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:18, 16 September 2013 (UTC)
External links modified
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I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Symbionese Liberation Army. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20121023155432/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080321/ap_on_re_us/sla_olson to http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080321/ap_on_re_us/sla_olson
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infobox
The "war faction" infobox doesn't fit this group. a "gang" infobox, maybe.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:17, 4 February 2016 (UTC)
James Michael Hamilton
There is unreferenced material in the article about a supposed bomb-maker for the group named James Michael Hamilton, who is said to have died in 2001. The bulk of the material was added in 2013, though Hamilton has been listed in the Associates and sympathizers section since 2006. Both edits were done by unregistered users. As I can find no reference to him other than items that are derived from this Wikipedia entry, I am going to remove the material. It's disappointing when inaccurate material goes undetected so long. --Larrybob (talk) 23:45, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Symbionese Liberation Army. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070815204928/http://www.courttv.com/trials/soliah/slahistory5_ctv.html to http://www.courttv.com/trials/soliah/slahistory5_ctv.html
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Members eluding articles
Some members have eluded having Wikipedia articles writing on them. Bill Harris, a leader of the SLA for much of its existence (as is quite evident by his on-air statements on the SLA in the 2018 CNN special on Patty Hearst), is not represented by any biography article.Dogru144 (talk)
I noticed this after watching the CNN special today and hearing Harris blab on and on as a perceived victim. He was "really angry" to be charged with the Opsahl murder under the felony murder rule despite having escaped being called to account for 20 years. Why is there no article? Emily is also interesting in her seeming perception as a victim rather than the person who literally KILLED Mrs. Opsahl. (Their statements about "the revolution" and their ideology were laughable back then and are laughable today.) Harris should be appropriately memoralized in Wikipedia. Avocats (talk) 06:51, 25 November 2018 (UTC)
* Agree with this suggestion. Both had prominent roles post-May 1974 deaths of others in LA.Parkwells (talk) 16:46, 8 August 2022 (UTC)
"Terrorist"
The MO of the SLA undoubtedly qualifies it as a terrorist organization, i.e. one which uses violence to intimidate or coerce a civilian population or government, to further ideological objectives. Please do not revert this description User:Vif12vf Tobor0 (talk) 04:22, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
* See MOS:TERRORIST. FDW777 (talk) 06:54, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
* FDW777 Later in this very article, they are described as a terrorist organization, and that description has a ref. Nonetheless, I will attach a different ref here for this very obvious and undisputed characterization. Tobor0 (talk) 16:52, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
* Again see MOS:TERRORIST. If there is any part of that you don't understand, please say so. FDW777 (talk) 16:59, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
* I understand it. The FBI and the NY Times are the source for this designation. The FBI is the national law enforcement agency of the US, and the New York Times is the most widely read source of news in the US. This means the application of the term terrorist here is reliable and widely used, and according to the referenced manual page these terms "are best avoided unless widely used by reliable sources to describe the subject " (my emphasis). These are not by any means the only sources available to substantiate this usage, only the most prominent. Since we are talking about a descriptor widely used by reliable sources, the manual further advises to use in-text attribution, which I have done. You were initially correct to point me to the MOS, because this usage requires in-line attribution. However now that I've done that, it seems to me that your reversions go against the manual. Please stop reverting this edit unless you have another, different objection. --Tobor0 (talk) 04:04, 2 October 2021 (UTC)
* Quite clearly you don't understand it, since your addition completely ignores it. You did not add in-text attribution at all. FDW777 (talk) 07:06, 2 October 2021 (UTC)
* Demonstrably false. Please provide specific criticism or stop your obviously bad faith reversions. Tobor0 (talk) 16:11, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
* Demonstrably true. Please learn the difference between an in-line citation and in-text attribution. FDW777 (talk) 16:37, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
* I've reworked the entire first paragraph. You were markedly unhelpful in this process and your initial objection was totally irrelevant. This article already labels the group as a terrorist organization and uses in-line attribution to do so. My addition was only to pull that information into the summary paragraph. This pedantry only serves to lower the quality and usefulness of articles. Tobor0 (talk) 16:55, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
Lead is too long
The Lead needs editing, as it is too long.Parkwells (talk) 20:49, 18 January 2023 (UTC)
DeFreeze Arrest
This page and the Donald DeFreeze page conflict on his reasons for arrest. This page says that he robbed a prostitute, but that claim is not cited and I can find no other source that backs that up. In contrast, the Donald DeFreeze page says he was in a battle with police and had stolen a $1,000 check. Is there a source that confirms either viewpoint? Wazwazirene (talk) 18:54, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
Terminology
In the opening paragraph I've changed "militant" to "terrorist" to more accurately reflect the group's activities — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:01, 20 June 2023 (UTC)
* And that's been repeatedly removed, to more accurately reflect the WP:CONSENSUS regarding use of the term. --jpgordon𝄢𝄆𝄐𝄇 18:42, 22 June 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
The Southern boundary of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina, is marked by Fontana Lake, and the area along its north shore, Hazel Creek, is one of the most remote and isolated parts of the park.
Accessible only by boat or after a long hike, this region is also one of the largest stretches of roadless land in the eastern United States.
But it wasn’t always this way.
85% of the national forest was owned by timber companies, and 15 % of the national forest was owned by small landholders.
These were quaint, self-sufficient communities….now ghost towns.
Underneath Fontana Lake lies the lost town of Proctor, a once-booming lumber town on Hazel Creek, a tributary of the Little Tennessee River.
Proctor, along with the other communities of Hazel Creek, was flooded when the Fontana Dam was created in the wake of the Pearl Harbor attack to power a nearby aluminum plant—The Aluminum Company of America in Alcoa—for the war effort.
The lake formed by the dam displaced the local residents from their homes and most of the town was submerged by the rising water.
The floodwaters also washed out Highway 288, the only major road leading in or out of Hazel Creek.
Gravesites below the waterline were moved (although not all of them were actually moved, as many Native American gravesites are still there, or if the families couldn’t be reached, graves remained).
On the other hand, gravesites above the waterline were left because the federal government promised the residents who gave up their land for the Fontana Dam that they would soon have a road constructed on the north side of the lake so that they could have access to their family cemeteries. Some families were told by authorities that they’d even be able to return to their land once the road was built so they left sites as if they were coming back, but most of the remaining buildings were burned leaving only the foundations and fireplaces. You can still see many of these if you hike around the area.
In fact, back in 1943, the displaced townspeople were promised as a consolation by the federal government agreed a road to the north shore of the new lake, providing access to the parts of Hazel Creek that remained above the water level, such as the local cemeteries. Only seven miles of the road was ever built, however.
The unfinished road remains in place still today, now known as the Road to Nowhere, and it’s just a creepy tunnel that goes nowhere.
The only time group transportation is available is during the annual Decoration Days event hosted by the Park Service, when visitors are shuttled via pontoon boat to visit the graves at four cemeteries and share a meal together. Otherwise, the Hazel Creek area of the Great Smokies can now only be reached by boat or by hiking around 10 miles from the nearest road.
The town of Proctor was named after the first European settlers of Hazel Creek, Moses and Patience Proctor, the first European-American settler to this area.
In the early 20th century it was a thriving company town that grew up around the local lumber industry, despite by the 1930s had declined with it too.
Today, little is left of the former boomtown, and It remains submerged unless lake levels are very low.
Except for the remains of the old Ritter Lumber Mill, a single house that is now used by the National Park Service, and the cemeteries, located above the water level.
Soon after the dam was built, Proctor and the rest of Hazel Creek became part of the newly established Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and what remained of the village was razed. Today, the former site of Proctor is a serene backcountry campsite in the national park.
Once across the lake, visitors (and former residents) can hike up the quaint trails, through what little remains of Proctor and the other surrounding ghost towns to explore the overgrown cemeteries of the north shore.
Images from web – Google Research | FINEWEB-EDU |
Mossley Hall
Mossley Hall, formerly known as Mossley Town Hall, is a former municipal building in Stamford Road, Mossley, a town in Greater Manchester in England. The building, which served as the offices and meeting place of Mossley Borough Council, is a grade II listed building.
History
The building was commissioned as a private house by a local cotton mill proprietor, George Mayall and his wife, Esther Mayall. The Mayall family owned Bottoms' Mill on Mill Street on the east side of the railway and had installed a large number of new cotton-spinning machines there. The site they selected for their house was on the west side of Stamford Road, on the site of an old quarry.
Work began on the new building in 1861. It was designed by William Williamson in the Italianate style, built by Edward Marland in ashlar stone at a cost of over £60,000 and was completed in 1864. The design involved an asymmetric main frontage of eight bays facing Stamford Road. Esther died before the building was completed, and it was instead occupied by their son, Edmund Lees Mayall, and his wife, Martha. Martha lived in the house after Edmund died in 1877. The house had two lodges and was known as Whitehall.
In 1885, the local area was incorporated as a municipal borough and the Mossley local board of health was succeeded by Mossley Borough Council. In 1891, the new council purchased the building for just £4,000. It was refurbished and officially opened by the mayor, Joseph Fearns Lawton, as Mossley Town Hall on 7 May 1892.
A serious accident occurred in Mossley on 20 October 1911, when a tram ran away down Stamford Road, derailed and crashed onto the railway at Mossley railway station, killing the guard and four passengers and seriously injuring four passengers. The ensuing inquest was held in the town hall.
During the First World War the building was used as a venue to hear appeals against conscription. It was also the meeting place of the Food Control Committee, which organised food rationing in the area. A memorial, in the form of a female figure sculpted in white marble standing on a pedestal, which was intended to commemorate the lives of local service personnel who had died in the war, was unveiled in front of the town hall by the mayor, John Platt, on 9 October 1920.
The building was grade II listed in 1966. It continued to serve as the headquarters of the borough council for much of the 20th century, but ceased to be the local seat of government when the enlarged Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council was formed in 1974. The building subsequently became disused and, after being declared surplus to requirements by the council, it was eventually sold in 1986. Many of the lavish interior fittings were removed in 1999, when it was acquired for residential use by Philip and Carol Wilson. They initiated an extensive refurbishment programme, which was completed in 2015.
Architecture
The two-storey building is constructed of stone, with a slate roof. The third bay on the left, which is projected forward, features a tri-partite window on the ground floor, a pedimented sash window on the first floor and a gable above. The second bay on the left features a porch, which is also projected forward and formed by piers supporting arches with keystones. The porch is highly ornamented with various carved panels, a balustrade above, and urns on the corners. | WIKI |
Michael Bloomberg's Twitter account tweeted some quirky things during the Democratic debate
Washington (CNN)Michael Bloomberg wasn't present at Tuesday night's Democratic presidential debate, so his campaign appealed to voters in a different fashion: quirky tweets. Throughout the night, the Team Bloomberg account posted "interesting facts" about the candidate and off-beat jokes. The former New York City mayor and billionaire is self-funding his campaign and thus didn't meet the debate's donor requirements. "Test your political knowledge: SPOT THE MEATBALL THAT LOOKS LIKE MIKE," the account tweeted along with a photo of meatballs. One tweet joked that Bloomberg can "telepathically communicate with dolphins." "In lieu of an inaugural address, Mike plans on singing 'Shallow' with Lady Gaga. #BloombergFacts #DemDebate," another tweet read. Bloomberg campaign spokeswoman Gail Slayen told CNN the campaign was "trying something fun last night" and noted that the effort was teased in advance. Before the debate, the campaign sent an email to supporters saying it would be tweeting out "fun stuff." "The debate is tonight. And since Mike isn't taking donations, he won't be on stage. But we'll be watching and tweeting stuff. Fun stuff. The very best stuff. Some say it's the best stuff in the world," the email wrote in language that apparently nodded to President Donald Trump's famous syntax. "Join us on the Team Bloomberg 2020 Twitter account if you'd like to follow along. We'd love for you to be a part of the fun." Later in the night, Bloomberg shifted the focus back on the 2020 election, tweeting a video from his personal account of Trump speaking at a rally in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. "Now that my team @mike2020 has your attention, I think it's important that you see what @realDonaldTrump said to voters in Wisconsin tonight," he tweeted. "Battleground states like Wisconsin will decide the 2020 election. This is not a joke." This story has been updated to include comments from Bloomberg's campaign. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Burton Stevenson--The marathon mystery.djvu/266
240 it was the same. There was no need to apply any finer tests.
“I remember him now,” said Jones, looking from one photograph to the other, “very well. He was a quiet, well-behaved chap-had been captain of a little tramp steamer, I believe. He had a perfect mania for cutting pieces out of newspapers and pasting them in a scrap-book. He spent all his leisure time that way. Oh, yes; I remember, too, he tried to escape, but his pal went back on him and left him layin’ out yonder by the wall. His pal was a bad one, he was; he got away and I’ve often wondered what become of him. Here he is.”
He swung open another compartment, and I found myself staring at Tremaine!
Not until I was quite near New York did I recover sufficiently from the effects of this discovery to heed the cry of the train-boy as he went through the coaches with the evening papers.
“All about th’ Edgemere murder!” he was crying, and the name caught my ear.
“Edgemere,” I repeated to myself. “Edgemere. I’ve heard that name somewhere.”
Then in a flash I remembered; and in a moment more the whole story of the tragedy of the night before—the murder of Graham and the theft of Mrs. Delroy’s necklace—lay before me. With what intensity of interest I read it can be easily imagined; I was shaken, nervous, horror-stricken. That there was some connection between this second tragedy and the one in suite fourteen I did not doubt; and I read and | WIKI |
Man Linux: Main Page and Category List
NAME
sge_execd - Sun Grid Engine job execution agent
SYNOPSIS
sge_execd [ -help ]
DESCRIPTION
sge_execd controls the Sun Grid Engine queues local to the machine on
which sge_execd is running and executes/controls the jobs sent from
sge_qmaster(8) to be run on these queues.
OPTIONS
-help
Prints a listing of all options.
LOAD SENSORS
If a load sensor is configured for sge_execd via either the global host
configuration or the execution-host-specific cluster configuration (See
sge_conf(5).), the executable path of the load sensor is invoked by
sge_execd on a regular basis and delivers one or multiple load figures
for the execution host (e.g. users currently logged in) or the
complete cluster (e.g. free disk space on a network wide scratch file
system). The load sensor may be a script or a binary executable. In
either case its handling of the STDIN and STDOUT streams and its
control flow must comply to the following rules:
The load sensor must be written as an infinite loop waiting at a
certain point for input from STDIN. If the string "quit" is read from
STDIN, the load sensor should exit. When an end-of-line is read from
STDIN, a load data retrieval cycle should start. The load sensor then
performs whatever operation is necessary to compute the desired load
figures. At the end of the cycle the load sensor writes the result to
stdout. The format is as follows:
o A load value report starts with a line containing only either the
word "start" or the word "begin".
o Individual load values are separated by newlines.
o Each load value report consists of three parts separated by colons
(":") and containing no blanks.
o The first part of a load value information is either the name of the
host for which load is reported or the special name "global".
o The second part is the symbolic name of the load value as defined in
the host or global complex list (see complex(5) for details). If a
load value is reported for which no entry in the host or global
complex list exists, the reported load value is not used.
o The third part is the measured load value.
o A load value report ends with a line with only the word "end".
ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES
SGE_ROOT Specifies the location of the Sun Grid Engine standard
configuration files.
SGE_CELL If set, specifies the default Sun Grid Engine cell. To
address a Sun Grid Engine cell sge_execd uses (in the
order of precedence):
The name of the cell specified in the environment
variable SGE_CELL, if it is set.
The name of the default cell, i.e. default.
SGE_DEBUG_LEVEL
If set, specifies that debug information should be
written to stderr. In addition the level of detail in
which debug information is generated is defined.
SGE_QMASTER_PORT
If set, specifies the tcp port on which sge_qmaster(8)
is expected to listen for communication requests. Most
installations will use a services map entry for the
service "sge_qmaster" instead to define that port.
SGE_EXECD_PORT If set, specifies the tcp port on which sge_execd(8) is
expected to listen for communication requests. Most
installations will use a services map entry for the
service "sge_execd" instead to define that port.
RESTRICTIONS
sge_execd usually is started from root on each machine in the Sun Grid
Engine pool. If started by a normal user, a spool directory must be
used to which the user has read/write access. In this case only jobs
being submitted by that same user are handled correctly by the system.
FILES
sgepasswd contains a list of user names and their
corresponding encrypted passwords. If available, the password file
will be used by sge_execd. To change the contents of this file
please use the sgepasswd command. It is not advised to change that
file manually.
<sge_root>/<cell>/common/configuration
Sun Grid Engine global configuration
<sge_root>/<cell>/common/local_conf/<host>
Sun Grid Engine host specific configuration
<sge_root>/<cell>/spool/<host>
Default execution host spool directory
<sge_root>/<cell>/common/act_qmaster
Sun Grid Engine master host file
SEE ALSO
sge_intro(1), sge_conf(5), complex(5), sge_qmaster(8).
COPYRIGHT
See sge_intro(1) for a full statement of rights and permissions. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
1975 Berlin Marathon
The 1975 Berlin Marathon, known as the Berlin Volksmarathon, was the second running of the annual marathon race held in Berlin, West Germany, held on 28 September. A West German husband and wife duo won the races, with Ralf Bochröder taking the men's race in 2:47:08 hours and Kristin Bochröder the women's race in 3:59:15. A total of 236 runners finished the race, comprising 232 men and 4 women. | WIKI |
How Effective Is Provigil For ADHD Really?
Published 2017-02-24 00:00:00
modafinil for adhd banner
Is Provigil (modafinil) an effective treatment for ADHD? Good question! At one time in my life I was wondering the same thing myself.
Thankfully we don't need to guess. Researchers have tested[^1][^2] whether Provigil (modafinil) works for ADHD in clincial trials.
Before delving into these studies let's back up for a moment. Why might we expect that modafinil could be useful for ADHD? Also, why should we care? There are plenty of medications available to ADHDers already.
As you'll find out, modafinil has advantages over traditional psychostimulants like Ritalin (methylphenidate).
Why Modafinil Treats ADHD
If you suffer from ADHD, you know firsthand that staying focused can be a constant challenge.
People who don't suffer from ADHD have a sense of urgency about finishing their homework and paying their taxes. But if you have ADHD you lack this sense of urgency; mundane tasks are a struggle.
Neurobiologically, ADHD is probably caused by alterations in dopamine and norepinephrine. These are neurotransmitters that regulate psychological, reward, arousal, fear, and attention.
The neurobiological profile of people with ADHD is the reason modafinil can help.
Modafinil affects a lot of pathways:
• histamine
• orexin
• dopamine
• serotonin
• glutamate
• gap junctions
But modafinil's key mechanism still remains poorly understood. It's still debated[^3] whether modafinil's effect on dopamine plays a role in its benefits for patients with ADHD. The concensus is that modafinil's affinity for the dopamine transporter (DAT) is too weak to be clinically meaningful.
Whatever modafinil's mechanism may be, we know its effects from behavioral studies in humans and animal. Modafinil tends to improve concentration, arousal, executive function, and wakefulness.
A Closer Look At The Evidence
Showdown: Provigil vs Dextroamphetamine
Dr. Taylor[^2] compared the efficacy of modafinil to dextroamphetamine for the treatment of ADHD. Note that dextroamphetamine (an ingredient in Adderall) is essentially the gold standard of ADHD treatments.
To test his hypothesis, Taylor conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in 21 adults with ADHD.
Taylor used the DSM-IV checklist to compare the effects of modafinil, dextroamphetamine, and placebo in patients with ADHD. Here are the results:
The authors concluded that:
The magnitude of improvement in ADHD symptoms after modafinil treatment was comparable to the magnitude of improvement following treatment with d-amphetamine.
These results are promising, but the study suffered from some important limitations:
• Taylor's study was underpowered - more than 21 participants would have been better
• Another limitation was the study's short duration (2 weeks)
Provigil For ADHD - Metanalyses
Wang et. al.[^1] published a metanalysis on the efficacy of Provigil (modafinil) for ADHD.
Wang aimed to assess the safety and the effectiveness of modafinil in the treatment of teenagers and kids with ADHD. The study authors found 5 randomized clinical trials. Their meta-analysis showed statistically superior efficacy of modafinil compared with placebo for treating adolescents and kids with ADHD.
Other takeaways from the study:
• In terms of primary efficacy measures, mean change in ADHD-RS-IV Home and School, the difference between placebo and modafinil were moderate and very close to large (SMD = -0.77 for ADHD-RS-IV Home and SMD = -0.71 for ADHD-RS-IV School).
• The effect sizes in the present study were comparable to those from previous meta-analysis investigating multiple drugs, where the effects sizes were found to be varied 0.6 through 0.8 indicating a robust medication effects in the treatment of ADHD despite of methodological and medication bias factors.
• In terms of tolerability and safety, modafinil was generally well tolerated.
• Interestingly, the total dropout rate of modafinil was significantly lower than that of placebo. The dorpout rate is the rate at which study participants exit the study due to intolerable side effects.
• Previous meta-analyses of modafinil in other conditions, suggested that modafinil’s dropout rate due to all cause and adverse event is either comparable to or worse than placebo.
FDA Approval of Provigil For ADHD
As we've seen, there's strong evidence for the benefits of Provigil (modafinil) in patients with ADHD. Yet modafinil lacks FDA approval for this indication. Even so, modafinil is increasingly being prescribed off-label for ADHD by psychiatrists.
Modafinil's lack of FDA approval for ADHD is probably motivated by economics. As of this writing, all of Cephalon's patents on modafinil have expired. Thus there is little incentive for Cephalon to pursue FDA approval of modafinil for ADHD.
Provigil's FDA-Approved Uses
Provigil is currently approved for the following indications:
• Obstructive Sleep Apnea
• Narcolepsy
• Shift Work Disorder
The common theme in all these conditions in excessive daytime sleepiness. As a wakefulness enhancer, modafinil combats fatigue and the urge to sleep.
Advantages of Modafinil Over Traditional Psychostimulants
What's a "traditional psychostimulant"? The classic psychostimulants are drugs like Adderall (mixed amphetamine salts) and Ritalin (methylphenidate).
Traditional psychostimulants all work by boosting catecholamines (dopamine, in particular). A big downside of Ritalin and Adderall is the potential for neurotoxicity. In contrast, modafinil may be neuroprotective.
However, modafinil is no magic bullet and is not without side effects.
Modafinil Experiences on Reddit
Reddit is a great place to look for experience reports.
NewlyOCD's report was particularly noteable:
Look at me, I think I'm interesting enough for an AMA!
About 6 months ago I started taking Modafinil to see how it would affect my ADHD. After the first month of taking it semi-regularly I decided that I had decided that I was going to perpetually self-medicate.
Since then I've lost 35 pounds, and quit drinking (5 months now).
I read books now, one every week or two, and I could never keep focused long enough to do that before. I now start AND FINISH projects! I just finished stripping, sanding, and painting my bicycle with a custom frame.
It's like it turns "I should" into "I am currently doing". Many more changes I'm sure will come out in the answers to your questions.
AMA!
You can read the questions and responses here
References
[^1]: Wang SM, Han C, Lee SJ, et al. Modafinil for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;84:292-300.
[^2]: Taylor FB, Russo J. Efficacy of modafinil compared to dextroamphetamine for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2000;10(4):311-20.
[^3]: Wisor JP, Eriksson KS. Dopaminergic-adrenergic interactions in the wake promoting mechanism of modafinil. Neuroscience. 2005;132(4):1027-34. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Christopher Lewis (priest)
Christopher Andrew Lewis (born 4 February 1944) is a Church of England priest and academic. He was Dean of St Albans from 1994 to 2003 and Dean of Christ Church from 2003 to 2014.
Early life and education
Lewis was born on 4 February 1944, to Admiral Sir Andrew Lewis and his wife, Rachel Elizabeth (née Leatham). He was educated at Marlborough College, an all-boys public school in Wiltshire. He went on to study sociology and theology at the University of Bristol, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1969. He later returned to studying, and graduated from Corpus Christi College, Cambridge with a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in theology in 1974. He trained for ordination at Westcott House, Cambridge.
Military service
Lewis served in the Royal Navy from 1961 to 1966. He served aboard a minesweeper during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation. He was promoted from acting sub-lieutenant to sub-lieutenant on 1 September 1965. He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 March 1966.
On 17 October 1966, Lewis transferred to the Permanent Royal Navy Reserve in the rank of lieutenant. This ended his full-time military service.
Ordained ministry
Lewis was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1973 and as a priest in 1974. He served as assistant curate of Barnard Castle (1973–76). From 1976 to 1979 he was both Director of the Oxford Institute for Church and Society and a tutor at Ripon College Cuddesdon. He was Senior Tutor at Ripon College Cuddesdon (1979–81) and (Vice Principal) 1981–82. He was also priest-in-charge of Aston Rowant with Crowell from 1978 to 1981. He was Vicar of Spalding from 1982 to 1987 when he was appointed a canon residentiary of Canterbury Cathedral. He was also Director of Ministerial Training for the Diocese of Canterbury from 1989 to 1994.
Lewis was Dean of St Albans Cathedral from 1994 to 2003. He was for some time Chairman of the Association of English Cathedrals. In 2003, he was appointed Dean of Christ Church; this made him both head of Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford and of the associated college of the University of Oxford. He retired on 4 February 2014, his 70th birthday.
Personal life
In 1970, Lewis married Rhona Jane Martindale. They have two sons and one daughter. | WIKI |
Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Charlotte Georgine Luise Friederike; 17 November 1769 – 14 May 1818) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and a Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz by birth and a Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen through her marriage to Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (later Duke of Saxe-Altenburg).
Family
Charlotte Georgine was born in Hanover, Electorate of Hanover. She was the eldest child and daughter of Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg and his first wife, Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt.
Charlotte and her sisters, Queen Louise of Prussia, Queen Frederica of Hanover and Princess Therese of Thurn und Taxis, were considered the most beautiful women of their time. Jean Paul Friedrich Richter dedicated his novel Titan to the "four beautiful and noble sisters on the throne".
Childhood and youth
Charlotte grew up in Hanover, where her father served as governor, on behalf of his brother-in-law, King George III of the United Kingdom, who lived in London. When Charlotte was twelve years old, her mother died and she was brought up by her mother's sister, Charlotte, who married her father in 1784, and also by Magdalena of Wolzogen. Her sisters were brought by her grandmother, Countess Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Falkenburg-Dagsburg in Darmstadt. Charlotte had then already moved to Hildburghausen.
Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen
On 3 September 1785, at the age of fifteen, Charlotte married Duke Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, who stood until 1787 under regency of his great-great uncle Joseph Frederick. The marriage was not a happy one; Charlotte was mentally superior to Frederick, who began to ignore her. They also had financial problems; Saxe-Hildburghausen had been financially ruined by the disastrous policies of Frederick's predecessors and in 1806 it had been put into Imperial receivership. The receivers allowed the Duke and Duchess only a reduced Civil List.
Charlotte's father and two brothers often stayed with Charlotte in Hildburghausen. In 1787, her father moved to Hildburghausen permanently, and became president of the credit committee. In 1792, Charlotte's grandmother and her sisters fled before the advancing French army from Darmstadt to Hildburghausen. Her grandmother noticed of Charlotte's husband ''.... of all his duties, he only fulfills his marital duties with zeal. Charlotte, who never loved this man, is always pregnant''. The family spent several carefree weeks at Hildburghausen. In 1793, Charlotte's grandmother returned from exile and travelled with Charlotte's sisters to Frankfurt am Main, where Louise met her future husband, Frederick William.
Charlotte had a very intimate and loving relationship with her sister Friederike and relatives in Strelitz. In 1803 and 1805, the Prussian royal couple visited Hildburghausen. For this occasion, the receivers allowed the ducal couple to renew some of their furniture. On 9 October 1806, Charlotte and her sister Therese were visiting their sister Louise at the headquarters in Erfurt of king Frederick William III of Prussia, when he declared war on Napoléon Bonaparte. Louise had helped draft the declaration of war.
Christian Truchseß von Wetzhausen zu Bettenburg was a friend of the ducal couple and godfather of Charlotte's son Edward. After Charlotte and her daughter Therese, who was Crown Princess of Bavaria at the time, visited his Bettenburg Castle in Franconia, Christian wrote to Fouqué: Our Crown Princess of Bavaria and the Hereditary Princess of Weilburg were visiting their mother, the Duchess of Hildburghausen; and since I have known these lovely daughters since childhood, and they had always been kindly disposed towards me, they felt the urge to visit the old Truchseß on his castle and they and their brother George and the Hereditary Prince of Weilburg, the brave man of Waterloo and really only a small suite came to me on a Sunday afternoon. Many spectators had come to see the Bavarian Crown Princess. When receiving his guests, Truchseß tried to lead the lower-ranking Charlotte first into his castle, but she refused, referring to her daughter. Truchseß replied: Your Highness will forgive me, but as long as this castle has stood here, mothers have always enjoyed precedence before their daughters. Therese then grabbed the baron's other arm, and the three of them walked through the gate together.
The Duchess gave about half of her annual income to the poor, pensioners, and education and apprenticeships for the lower classes. After her sister's death in 1815, she erected the Louise Memorial in the Hildburghausen City Park.
Court of the Muse
Charlotte was interested in literature and avidly promoted the arts at court. She relaxed the rules and etiquette and brought musicians, painters, and poets to the court, among them the writer Jean Paul Friedrich Richter, who arrived in May 1799. On 25 May 1799, he wrote to his friend Otto: ''I've been here a week now, and I'm quite weak. For starters, imagine the heavenly Duchess, with beautiful child-like eyes, her face full of love and attraction and youth, a glottis like a nightingale and a mother's heart [...] they love and read me [...]. They ask me in the afternoon and in the evening [...]. Yesterday, I improvised for the court on the grand piano. Besides, there's a decent parish of brothers and sisters here, and I can be Zinzendorf''. On 27 October 1799, he again wrote to Otto: ''I knew ahead of time that the court would stay at their Jagdschloss at Seidingstadt; I went there today. The Duchess was already there when I arrived and saw me within minutes of my arrival. Apart from a lover, I know of nothing more beautiful than her sweet shape.''
Charlotte gave the commoner Jean Paul Friedrich Richter the title of a Legation Council and the writer was engaged to one of her ladies in waiting. However, the engagement to Caroline Feuchter von Feuchtersleben was later dissolved.
Under Charlotte, the Court developed to a "little Weimar". The current slogan of the town of Hildburghausen, "Little Classic", refers back to this period. Beside Jean Paul, other contemporaries have also testified to Charlotte's extraordinary singing talent. She was given the nickname "Singlotte" and the reputation of being one of the greatest singers of her day. She was taught singing in Hanover by an Italian named Giuliani and sang in concerts at court and church services. During Holy Week, she regularly sang "Death of Jesus" by Carl Heinrich Graun at Christ Church of Hildburghausen, in which the entire population was allowed into the church.
Death
Charlotte died in Hildburghausen, Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen, on 14 May 1818 after a long illness. Her daughter Therese reported to her sister Louisa, "Eight or ten days ago, during an anxious night, in which the end seemed near, she said us all a farewell and blessed all you far away loved ones - that's the best a good loving mother can give to her children [...] That night, when she bade us farewell in the most touching manner, I knelt down beside her bed of pain and asked for her blessing. When her hand rested on my head, I spoke for us all, dear mother - and she answered [...]. We all have received a (ring) from her dear hands. Looking at it, my intent to always live a life worthy of my mother, grew ever more steadfast in my heart.
Charlotte decreed that she was to be buried in the newly planned cemetery at Backsteinfeld in Hildburghausen. She was provisionally buried in the church of the castle, and reburied at Backsteinfeld in 1819. Her tomb was designed by Heim, the court carpenter, and was completed in 1824. The green bronzed candelabra stands on four black balls with blazing flames in lead in a shell at the top. The inscription was written by Friedrich Carl Ludwig Sickler. The vault has a height of 4 meters and a diameter of about 12 meters. When the church of the castle was converted into a courtroom, the bodies of all the royals were moved from the royal crypt to Charlotte's tomb.
Marriage and issue
Charlotte married Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (later Duke of Saxe-Altenburg), youngest child of Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen and his third wife, Princess Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar, on 3 September 1785 in Hildburghausen. Charlotte and Frederick had twelve children:
* Prince Joseph Georg Karl Frederick (Hildburghausen, 12 June 1786 – Hildburghausen, 30 July 1786).
* Princess Katharina Charlotte of Saxe-Hildburghausen (17 June 1787, Hildburghausen – Bamberg, 12 December 1847); married on 28 September 1805 to Prince Paul of Württemberg.
* Princess Caroline Auguste (born and died Hildburghausen, 29 July 1788).
* Joseph Georg Friedrich Ernst Karl, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (Hildburghausen, 27 August 1789 – Altenburg, 25 November 1868).
* Princess Fredericke Luise Marie Caroline Auguste Christiane (Hildburghausen, 18 January 1791 – Hildburghausen, 25 March 1791).
* Princess Therese Charlotte Luise Friederike Amalie (Hildburghausen, 8 July 1792 – Munich, 26 October 1854); married on 12 October 1810 to King Ludwig I of Bavaria.
* Princess Charlotte Luise Fredericka Amalie Alexandrine (Hildburghausen, 28 January 1794 – Biebrich, 6 April 1825); married on 24 June 1813 to Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau.
* Prince Franz Frederick Karl Ludwig Georg Heinrich (Hildburghausen, 13 April 1795 – Hildburghausen, 28 May 1800).
* Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (Hildburghausen, 24 July 1796 – Hummelshain, 3 August 1853).
* Prince Frederick Wilhelm Karl Joseph Ludwig Georg (Hildburghausen, 4 October 1801 – Altenburg, 1 July 1870).
* Prince Maximilian Karl Adolf Heinrich (Hildburghausen, 19 February 1803 – Hildburghausen, 29 March 1803).
* Prince Eduard Karl Wilhelm Christian (Hildburghausen, 3 July 1804 – Munich, 16 May 1852). | WIKI |
Flavonoids inhibit genetic toxicity produced by carcinogens in cells expressing CYP1A2 and CYP1A1
S Lautraite, AC Musonda, J Doehmer, Gareth Edwards, James Chipman
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
66 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
The effects of the flavonoids quercetin, apigenin and chrysin (10 microM) on the genetic toxicity of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was investigated at sub-cytotoxic concentrations in Chinese hamster V79 cells expressing human or rat cytochromes P450. In V79 r1A2-NH and V79 h1A1-MZ cells, none of the flavonoids increased DNA strand breaks (SB) (measured by the Comet assay) or produced detectable DNA adducts (measured by 32P-post-labelling). Neither IQ nor BaP produced DNA damage in the absence of expressed CYP1A2 or CYP1A1, respectively. DNA damage measured as SB and DNA adducts was detectable in V79 r1A2-NH cells expressing rat CYP1A2 when treated with IQ (2.5-50 microM) and this was inhibited by quercetin. Likewise, DNA damage (SB and DNA adducts) was elevated in V79 h1A1-MZ cells expressing human CYP1A1 when treated with BaP (0.1-0.5 microM) and this was inhibited by chrysin and apigenin, but not by quercetin. The specificity of CYP1A1 inhibition by chrysin and apigenin and CYP1A2 inhibition by quercetin was confirmed by ethylresorufin O-deethylase assay.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)45-53
Number of pages9
JournalMutagenesis
Volume17
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jan 2002
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Flavonoids inhibit genetic toxicity produced by carcinogens in cells expressing CYP1A2 and CYP1A1'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Auto restart BTT every 6 hours
Love using BTT all the time for the shortcuts that i have configured on my touchpad.
However, after extensive use in the day, I have realized sometimes BTT automatically stops responding to the shortcuts. However, a quick restart of BTT does the job.
To make our lives easier - can you please add an option in the settings to silently restart BTT every x hours so that we don't even have to think about restarting it?
your best best is setting up a cron job. that's what I did, basically kill BTT every hour, on the hour.
So, i do have a cron - but the issue is that the command open -a BetterTouchTool opens the GUI as well
I want it to be seamless and without any interruptions
If the assumption is that BTT still reacts, you can try this:
If you kill BTT using e.g. "killall BetterTouchTool" it will also relaunch itself
That's cool - didn't know this existed.
I will try just killall BetterTouchTool.. i see that it restarts after a few seconds
fwiw, the following crontab worked well for me
0 */3 * * * killall -q BetterTouchTool && killall -q BTTRelaunch && sleep 1 && open -ja BetterTouchTool
(mostly every thing works normally without the need to restart - just the snap to edges functionality stops working after a while) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- Montmartre’s French Fries Are New York’s Best: Review
Why are we eating at Montmartre, a French brasserie in a city with too many French brasseries? Because Gabe Stulman and Tien Ho are involved, that’s why. Stulman is New York’s next Danny Meyer , a young restaurateur whose commitment to hospitality is nearly unrivaled in an era where service has become expendable. And Tien is one of our best of carnivore cooks, a chef who does epic things with liver, beef and blood. Don’t expect cornichons or pickles to cut the richness of shredded pork shoulder. Instead, Tien anoints the musky rillettes with creamy foie gras, a fat-on-fat preparation that’s equal parts deconstructed pate grand-mere and porky sundae. There’s even a cherry on top, in the form of mostarda. It’s all another victory for Stulman’s Little Wisco empire of affordable restaurants that includes Chez Sardine (Japanese-American), Perla (Italian), Fedora (eclectic), Jeffrey’s Grocery (oysters) and Joseph Leonard (American). They’re never empty. Montmartre, in Chelsea, is the first Wisco spot outside the West Village . And after an inaugural month, it appeared as if it would be Stulman’s first failure. The kitchen was sending out bland rib steaks and over-salted lamb neck. Wasn’t pretty. French Vietnamese So Tien rebooted and started cooking a style of Asian- and North African-inflected French fare that sets him apart from the Pastis-Balthazar axis. He gives us luscious black pudding ($14), a delicate sausage that tastes like the maroon stick of dynamite it resembles. That’s because Tien (late of Ma Peche) slicks the plate with Sichuan peppercorn vinaigrette. He tosses raw Hamachi with apples, chili and kaffir, letting each element speak for itself before the fatty fish dissolves on the tongue. Monkfish, already rich, is suffused with the smoke of chorizo and the earthiness of maitake mushrooms. Tien bombards moules frites with a heavy handful of clams to double the brine, then finishes it with coconut milk and cilantro. I don’t want mussels any other way, anywhere else. On Track This is luxurious food in a non-luxurious space. Montmartre looks about as wide as a commuter train car and feels about as comfortable. Stubby little wine tumblers hold a passable, not-quite-cellar temperature Cabernet ($12). And coupe glasses are the (incorrect) stems used for a nimble rose sparkler from the Loire ($12). No Champagne by the glass, nothing over $89 on the short wine list. Sorry, banker buds; this is for the salary man and woman. The “Mifflin Street Moonlight,” a mix of Meyer lemon vodka, strega, ginger and honey, has the right zip and zing to keep up with an Aleppo pepper and sumac-spiked quail ($17). Follow that up with beef tartare ($26), not too cold and cut from good Niman Ranch sirloin. What makes the dish great, however, is the fries. Tien fortifies them with mustard, onion powder, salt and -- don’t cringe -- sugar. The sweet-salty spear is a Gallic analogue to American kettle corn. It will be copied around town in the coming months, but remember, you ate it here first. Pot-au-feu ($44, for two) becomes pot-au-pho, with cinnamon-clove aromas coming off the beef and intense marrow-spiked broth. It’s loaded with oxtail richness and the clean spank of Thai basil that makes this hot soup okay for summer. On Quack Duck for two ($78) is code for duck tacos, thanks to buckwheat pancakes. Giant slabs of roasted breast meat give way to your knife with ease, while braised leg practically shreds itself after a good stare. Your salsa? Braising liquid made with vadouvan, a French-Indian Indian spice mix. Finish with coconut rice pudding ($10). Stulman smooths Montmartre’s casual edges with light touches of fancy. Every guest receives an amuse, sometimes a deeply earthy mushroom ricotta. Every meal ends with a sweet, maybe a caramel chew with that invokes burnished creme brulee. And every server, bartender and host appears to be genuinely excited to be working here. You leave Montmartre not just well-fed, but happy. Is it an act? I think it’s the tone set by the owners, a slightly hipper, let’s-have-a-beer inflection of Danny Meyer-style warmth. It’s evident at every Little Wisco restaurant. That’s no small feat. Rating: ** The Bloomberg Questions: Price: Most dishes $34 or less. Sound Level: Bustling, around 75 decibels. Date Place: Depends on how you feel about cramped quarters. Inside Tip: Skip the ho-hum pork chop and one-note chicken. Special Feature: Free bread. Back on my own dime? Yes, especially when the garden opens. Montmartre is at 158 Eighth Avenue . Information: +1-646-596-8838; http://montmartrenyc.com . Sound-Level (in decibels): 51 to 55: Quiet enough to converse. 56 to 60: Speak up. 61 to 65: Lean in if you want to hear your date. 66 to 70: You’re reading one another’s lips. 71 to 75: You’re yelling. 76 to 85: Ear-splitting din. (Ryan Sutton writes about New York City restaurants for Muse, the arts and leisure section of Bloomberg News . The opinions expressed are his own. Follow him on Tumblr at www.thepricehike.com or www.thebaddeal.com.) Muse highlights include Scene and books . To contact the writer of this column: Ryan Sutton in New York at rsutton1@bloomberg.net or qualityrye on http://twitter.com/qualityrye To contact the editor responsible for this story: Manuela Hoelterhoff at mhoelterhoff@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The Indian Mutiny of 1857.djvu/29
Rh cause but the right one. He would show himself, he said, how these Europeans should be met. He had heard, the very day of the defeat of his cavalry, that a small force, composed of 230 Frenchmen and 700 trained sipáhís, was approaching Madras from Pondichery, and would attempt to cross the little river Adyár, near St Thomé, on the 4th (November). Máphuz Khán had at his disposal 10,000 men. He took at once a resolution worthy of a great commander. He marched with his whole army to St Thomé, occupied a position on the northern bank of the Adyár, so strong and so commanding that he could not fail, if the combatants were at all equal in military qualities, to crush the little force marching on Madras.
Máphuz Khán was on the chosen spot, eager for combat, when the small French force appeared in sight. Paradis, who commanded it, was an engineer, a man who knew not fear, and who was not easily moved from his purpose. He saw the serried masses in front of him, barring his way. To attack them he must wade through the river, exposed to their fire. Had he hesitated an instant the story of the Europeans in India might have been different. But Paradis recognised, as many English commanders after him have recognised, that the one way for the European to pursue when combating Asiatics is to go forward. He did not hesitate a moment. Without waiting even to reconnoitre, he dashed into the river, scrambled up the bank, formed on it in line, delivered a volley, and charged. The effect was momentous. Never was there fought a more decisive battle, a battle more pregnant with consequences. The army of the Nuwáb was completely defeated. Vigorously pursued, it vanished, never again to appear in line against a European enemy, unless supported by the presence of that enemy's European rival. | WIKI |
Page:The Works of H G Wells Volume 1.pdf/456
Rh after a wholesome and uneventful life (devoted, I understand, chiefly to the laying of parquet flooring), in 1887. Gottfried's age is seven-and-twenty. He is, by virtue of his heritage of three languages, Modern Languages Master in a small private school in the south of England. To the casual observer he is singularly like any other Modern Languages Master in any other small private school. His costume is neither very costly nor very fashionable, but, on the other hand, it is not markedly cheap or shabby; his complexion, like his height and his bearing, is inconspicuous. You would notice perhaps that, like the majority of people, his face was not absolutely symmetrical, his right eye a little larger than the left, and his jaw a trifle heavier on the right side. If you, as an ordinary careless person, were to bare his chest and feel his heart beating, you would probably find it quite like the heart of any one else. But here you and the trained observer would part company. If you found his heart quite ordinary, the trained observer would find it quite otherwise. And once the thing was pointed out to you, you too would perceive the peculiarity easily enough. It is that Gottfried's heart beats on the right side of his body.
Now that is not the only singularity of Gottfried's structure, although it is the only one that would appeal to the untrained mind. Careful sounding of Gottfried's internal arrangements by a well-known surgeon seems to point to the fact that all the other unsymmetrical parts of his body are similarly misplaced. The right lobe of his liver is on the left side, the left on his right; while his lungs, too, are similarly 424 | WIKI |
Skins Pure
"Skins Pure" is a feature-length episode of the E4 television series Skins. Airing in two parts in 2013, "Skins Pure" was the second of three feature-length episodes of a specially commissioned seventh series to bring the series to a close. While in its first six series Skins was a teen drama focusing on the life of Bristolian teenagers, "Skins Pure", as with previous episode "Fire", is a filmically and tonally distinct drama revisiting one of the show's characters as they adjust to adulthood.
"Skins Pure" focuses on the character of Cassie Ainsworth (Hannah Murray), a main character in the show's first two series. Formerly a daydreaming party girl with a number of mental problems, Cassie has put many of her problems behind her, and waitresses at a café in London after having spent several years travelling around America with Sid Jenkins (Cassie's on and off boyfriend from the first two series who travelled to America to find her at the end of the second series). In the story, Cassie forms an odd friendship with her stalker (Olly Alexander), and tries to support her younger brother, Reuben, as their father, Marcus (Neil Morrissey), fails to cope with the death of their mother.
Part 1
Cassie (Hannah Murray), now 23, lives in a shared house in London and works as a waitress at a café. While Cassie prefers to spend time alone in her apartment, and lives a relatively isolated existence, she receives occasional calls from her father, Marcus (Neil Morrissey), and younger brother, Reuben, who are now living in Wales following the death of Cassie's mother. One day, shortly after having a one-night stand with her Israeli co-worker, Yaniv (Daniel Ben Zenou), Cassie is approached by an artist at her work. The artist shows her a popular website called "Oblivion", which shows some dramatic and intense photographs of her. Shocked, Cassie looks through the website and discovers an entire collage of photos of her, some showing her standing by her bedroom window, dressed only in her underwear. Visibly shaken, Cassie confides in Maddie (Charlene McKenna), an acquaintance who lives a floor below her, and, upon further examination, realises that the photos of her bedroom window were most likely taken from the abandoned office building opposite. Through some deception, she is able to gain access to the empty office building, and finds evidence that someone is regularly accessing it. She hides, and waits for her stalker to appear. To her shock, it turns out to be Jakob (Olly Alexander), the young chef at the café where she works, and she attacks him before taking his camera. Cassie installs makeshift window blinds and continues with her life. When Jakob pleads with Cassie to return his camera, she ignores him. Later, she notices that she is attracting recognition from patrons of the café, and Maddie takes a look at the photos and tells Cassie that they are very beautiful. Cassie returns to the office building where Jakob hid and confronts him there. He admits that he has no sexual interest in her, and that his photos were purely for the benefit of others. He also chides Cassie for not being aware of her own beauty. Cassie then agrees to let him continue taking pictures of her.
Part 2
Part 2 takes place some time after the events of the first part. Cassie and Jakob take a trip together to Wales to visit her father and Reuben. Cassie discovers that her father is an alcoholic, and has not been sending Reuben to school as he promised, and feels angered by his inability to pull himself together after the death of her mother. Jakob has a talk with him, and later photographs Cassie and Reuben on the beach. Cassie returns to London and is invited by Maddie for a night out at a club. At the club, Cassie sees that some of the photographs and videos of her and Reuben that Jakob took are being displayed on the screen and returns home abruptly, shocked. In a later phone conversation with Jakob, she learns that he had not sold them, and they had simply been lifted from his website. She tells Jakob that she loves him, which he reciprocates. The next day at work, she is approached by the photo artist who first showed her the pictures, along with a photographer, and asks her to model for a photoshoot. Cassie attends the photoshoot and the photos are later featured in a magazine. When she attempts to share her news with Jakob, he is furious that she allowed herself to be photographed by someone else for money, and accuses her of sleeping with the photographer, telling her not to come back when she storms off. The next day, Cassie is still distraught from the night before, and ends up going home with Yaniv after he offers her consolation. As they are about to have sex again, she receives a message from Jakob, who calls her a bitch and shows a photograph he covertly took of her kissing Yaniv. Outraged, Yaniv marches outside and beats Jakob up. Cassie stops the fight, but gets hurt in the process. Deciding that both men are a hindrance to her, she marches off, leaving the pair standing in the rain. She then returns to her apartment and looks for Maddie, but discovers that she has abruptly moved out. Later, she learns that both Jakob and Yaniv have left the country. Soon after, she is visited at her house by her father, who reveals that he has stopped drinking and is planning a trip to Italy with Reuben to clear his head and start painting again. He intends to take Reuben along and enroll him in a school there, but Cassie requests he stay in London with her for school, which he accepts. Cassie adapts to her new focus well. The episode ends with Reuben receiving a haircut from her co-worker Amanda (Red Madrell) and Cassie telling him that "everything's good."
Writing
In part one of "Skins Pure", Cassie refers to an ex-boyfriend, but the character is unnamed in the episode. Co-creator Bryan Elsley confirmed using Twitter that this was intended to be a reference to Sid Jenkins from the show's first two series. This confirms that Sid found Cassie all those years ago in New York and they shared a happy relationship until it ended for unknown reasons.
Reception
Part one received a generally positive response, with reviewers expressing slight apprehension in light of the ending for "Skins Fire". Den of Geek writer Caroline Preece said that "Skins Pure" fit in with the style of Cassie's original episodes, as these were "the most aesthetically beautiful" of the series, and, in relation to the previous episode, commented: "This is a different kind of young adulthood than the one encountered by girls like Effy Stonem, and that doesn't make it any less real or worth exploring." Preece also stated that a "world-weary Cassie is hard to take at first, but it’s strikingly different from what the show has done before." Morgan Jeffery of Digital Spy commented that part one provided little "light relief" from "the pitch-black 'Skins Fire'." | WIKI |
1978 in video games
1978 saw the release of new video games such as Space Invaders. The year is considered the beginning of the golden age of arcade video games. The year's highest-grossing video game was Taito's arcade game Space Invaders, while the best-selling home system was the Atari Video Computer System (Atari VCS).
Highest-grossing arcade games
Space Invaders was the top-grossing video game worldwide in 1978. The following table lists the top-grossing arcade games of 1978 in Japan, the United Kingdom, United States, and worldwide.
Japan
In Japan, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games of 1978, according to the third annual Game Machine chart, which lists both arcade video games and electro-mechanical games (EM games) on the same arcade game chart. Taito's Space Invaders was the first video game to become highest-grossing overall arcade game on the annual Game Machine charts, after the two previous charts were topped by an EM game, F-1 by Namco.
The following titles were the highest-grossing games on each Game Machine arcade chart. Nintendo's EVR Race was the highest-grossing medal game for the third year in a row.
United States
In the United States, the following titles were the top ten highest-grossing arcade video games of 1978, in terms of coin drop earnings according to the annual Play Meter and RePlay charts.
Events
* Consumer-oriented video game journalism begins with the golden age of arcade video games, soon after the success of Space Invaders, leading to hundreds of favourable articles and stories about the emerging video game medium being aired on television and printed in newspapers and magazines.
* In North America, the first regular consumer-oriented column about video games, "Arcade Alley" in Video magazine, is penned by Bill Kunkel, Arnie Katz, and Joyce Worley.
Business
* New companies: Automated Simulations (later Epyx), Koei, Muse, Supersoft, Synergistic, U.S. Games.
* The American arcade game market earns a revenue of $1 billion (equivalent to $ in 2024).
* The American home video game market is worth $200 million.
Games
* Arcade
* June – Taito releases Space Invaders in Japan. The worldwide success of Space Invaders marks the beginning of the golden age of arcade video games. It sets the template for the fixed shooter genre and influences most subsequent shooters.
* October – Midway gives Space Invaders a wide release in North America.
* October – Namco releases their first arcade video game, Gee Bee, in Japan.
* Atari, Inc. popularizes the trackball controller with Football.
* Atari, Inc. releases Super Breakout, the multi-directionall scrolling game Fire Truck, Canyon Bomber, and Avalanche. Avalanche later inspires Activision's Kaboom!
* Konami Corporation releases their first arcade video game, Block Game.
* Nintendo releases their first arcade video game, Computer Othello.
* Computer
* The book BASIC Computer Games, microcomputer edition, is released.
Hardware
* Computer
* Elektor releases the TV Games Computer.
* Console
* December – Magnavox launches the Odyssey².
* APF Electronics releases the APF-M1000.
* Bally/Midway releases the Bally Professional Arcade.
* Entreprex releases the Apollo 2001.
* Interton releases the VC 4000. | WIKI |
Schadowstraße
Schadowstraße is a shopping street in Düsseldorf, Germany, located in the districts of Stadtmitte and Pempelfort. The street cuts through downtown Düsseldorf, starting at Königsallee, passing the Tausendfüßler and reaching up to Berliner Allee. Schadowstraße is named after the German Romantic painter Wilhelm von Schadow.
The Western section towards Königsallee is a pedestrian zone and has some landmark buildings, such as the Schadow Arkaden, a shopping mall designed by German architect Walter Brune in 1994, and the Peek & Cloppenburg flagship store, designed by American architect Richard Meier in 2001. A new underground station named "Schadowstraße" is currently under construction at the junction with Berliner Allee and scheduled to open in 2014. It is one of the most frequented shopping streets in Düsseldorf. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals/Archive/August 2007
This is an archive of discussions from WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals for the month of August 2007. Please move completed August discussions to this page as they occur, add discussion headers to each proposal showing the result, and leave incomplete discussions on the Proposals page. After August, the remainder of the discussions will be moved to this page, whether stub types have been created or not.
Those who create a stub template/cat should be responsible for moving the discussion here and listing the stub type in the archive summary.
Stub proposers please note: Items tagged as "nocreate" or "no consensus" are welcome for re-proposal if and when circumstances are auspicious.
* Discussion headers:
* sfp create
* sfp nocreate
* sfp other (for no consensus)
* sfp top for customized result description (use ).
* Discussion footer: sfd bottom
Hesperiidae-stub
Hi, I'm proposing a stub for family Hesperiidae for WikiProject Lepidoptera. We have the following stubs already with us : butterfly (for generic articles), moth, nymphalidae, lycaenidae, pieridae and papilionidae. The only butterfly family left out is Hesperiidae. The hesperiidae articles use butterfly-stub as of now. There are about 446 butterfly stubs of which approx half belong to this family. This is the only family which doesnt have its own stub in butterflies. I already have 79 red-links in List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae), List of butterflies of India (Hesperiinae) and List of butterflies of India (Pyrginae) lined up with many more to come. But amending later is a pain, so I propose that this stub be created before we start major work on hesperiids. I have made a draft template at hesperiidae-stub. Requesting a SPEEDY approval. Regards, AshLin 15:20, 4 August 2007 (UTC)
* More than 200 articles and more to come? Speedy for both template and category. Valentinian T / C 15:54, 4 August 2007 (UTC)
* Speedy, on the basis both of clear and present need, and existing pattern/completism grounds. Alai 17:07, 4 August 2007 (UTC)
* The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the template's or category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this section.
Upmerged template now used on 60 articles. I suggest speedy but I thought it better to relist this one, given that I accidentally mentioned a nonstandard name last time I brought this one up, see the section for Laos below. The name suggested here matches with the name of the permcat. Valentinian T / C 22:59, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
* Speedy. Waacstats 23:05, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
* The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the template's or category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this section.
Belarus-athletics-bio-stub
This template now has over 60 articles and should be deupmerged. Speedy? Waacstats 22:36, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
* Impressive. Speedy. Valentinian T / C 22:42, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
* The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the template's or category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this section.
US Roads
The purpose of creating these would be to place them on the state route articles of the different states. Stubs already exist for the other states, US Highways and Interstate Highways.
--Son 14:45, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
* Idaho-road-stub
* Louisiana-road-stub
* Maine-road-stub
* Mississippi-road-stub
* Montana-road-stub
* New-Mexico-road-stub NewMexico-road-stub
* North-Dakota-road-stub NorthDakota-road-stub
* South-Dakota-road-stub SouthDakota-road-stub
* Tennessee-road-stub
* Oppose, from what I see, none of these have over 30 articles in which they would be used on and, thus, are unnecessary. I'd also rather see the stubs use "road-stub" than "State-Highway/Route-stub", as using the state highway names restricts how wide-reaching the stub cat can be. -- T M F Let's Go Mets - Stats 17:47, 1 August 2007 (UTC) I forgot about the possibility of creating only upmerged templates earlier. Must've slipped my mind. In any case, support upmerged templates, oppose separate categories until the minimum threshold is reached. -- T M F Let's Go Mets - Stats 01:33, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
* Comment. I'm suggesting the creation of these to help organize a task force that would govern the remaining states that don't have state level task forces or WikiProjects. See User:Son/State Route task force (which is an early work in progress). I plan on working state-by-state (and hopefully with the help of others) to create more road articles. --Son 18:39, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
* Oppose, I agree with TMF. I would rather see quality articles be written outright rather than go stub-crazy here. master son T - C 18:51, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
* Support to upmerge - Seeing the purpose of them, I can see the templates being created master son T - C 22:02, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
* Support as upmerged templates only. There's clearly no need for separate categories as yet, but there's no problem with making the templates now - though they should be in line with the naming conventions (hence I have altered the original proposal slightly - hope you don;'t mind, Son!). Grutness...wha? 01:14, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
* The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the template's or category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this section.
deupmerge 2 templates
is on the oversize list. 2 upmerged templates with over 60 articles exist also suggest a new upmerged template Waacstats 22:23, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
* fed by Kannada-film-stub
* fed by Telugu-film-stub
* Malayalam-film-stub
* Suggest speedying the first two. I think the third might be viable in its own right: my count says there's 88 in the corresponding permcat, but a large number seems to be in other languages too, so it's a judgement call as to whether double-stubbing would be appropriate. Alai 23:03, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
* The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the template's or category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this section.
Water-supply-stub
Proposal is to create a stub for the subject of water supply. Category:Water supply and its sub-categories like Category:Drinking water and Category:Water treatment together have many stub-class articles whose expansion would be helped by being better organized into a common stub type. The following are 70 appropriate articles. This new stub would be recommended to be a child of Category:Health stubs and Category:Urban studies and planning stubs. Please note that Template:Water-stub is already being used for Category:Water transport stubs.
--Kurieeto 15:40, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
* 1) 1998 Klang Valley water crisis
* 2) Akash Ganga
* 3) Artesian aquifer
* 4) Banks Pumping Plant
* 5) Baoli
* 6) Belmar Spring Water
* 7) Bethany Reservoir
* 8) Big Bend Water District
* 9) Big Well (Kansas)
* 10) Biscayne Aquifer
* 11) Briones Reservoir
* 12) Brisbane Water (utility)
* 13) Cadillac Desert
* 14) California State Water Project
* 15) Clean Water Services
* 16) Coliban water
* 17) Cultural eutrophication
* 18) Desalination in the United Kingdom
* 19) Drinking water quality legislation of the United States
* 20) GE Betz
* 21) Grainger challenge
* 22) Great Recycling and Northern Development Canal
* 23) Hand pump
* 24) Hartlepool Water
* 25) Hippo water roller
* 26) Jardine Water Purification Plant
* 27) Johad
* 28) Kelda Group
* 29) Kwinana Desalination Plant
* 30) Lithia water
* 31) Loudoun County Sanitation Authority
* 32) Meltwater
* 33) Multiple-effect humidification
* 34) Mythe Water Treatment Works
* 35) Nanofiltration
* 36) Nevada Irrigation District
* 37) North West Water
* 38) Northwest Florida Water Management District
* 39) Northumbrian Water
* 40) Oroville Dam
* 41) Overdrafting
* 42) Pennon Group
* 43) Plumbosolvency
* 44) Portsmouth Water
* 45) Purified water
* 46) Reverse osmosis plant
* 47) Rotating biological contactor
* 48) San Antonio Reservoir (Alameda County)
* 49) San Francisco Water Department
* 50) Santa Clara Valley Water District
* 51) Screen filter
* 52) Settling basin
* 53) Solar humidification
* 54) Solar Powered Desalination Unit
* 55) South Bay Pumping Plant
* 56) South West Water
* 57) Southwest Florida Water Management District
* 58) Spring box
* 59) Standpipe (street)
* 60) Sulfur water
* 61) Tap water
* 62) Three Valleys Water
* 63) Treadle pump
* 64) United Water
* 65) Vapaire
* 66) Village Level Operation and Maintenance (pumps)
* 67) Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission
* 68) Water Authority of Western Australia
* 69) Water Sampling Stations
* 70) Yorba Linda Water District
* Support the stub type - BTW, there are lots of dams and reservoirs in the struct-stubs and geo-stubs which could potentially be double-stubbed with this one, too (keeping the geo/struct type as a second template). I have some concerns about the name, though. You're right that water-stub is already in use, which is the main problem, since it isn't a good name for water transport. But if we moved it, a lot of people would think that water-stub would still be in use for it, so if we gave this water-stub, there'd be considerable mis-sorting. Watersupply-stub would be a little more in keeping with stub naming, I think, since we don't have a supply-stub. Grutness...wha? 00:18, 8 August 2007 (UTC)
* Great, I've gone ahead and created watersupply-stub and will begin populating it. Kurieeto 00:04, 16 August 2007 (UTC)
* The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the template's or category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this section.
Central and South American schools
In the school stubs category there are a lot of schools in Central or South America. Therefore I'm proposing a new stub category for Central and South American schools. If there are a lot of these stubs then it might be necessary to split them into 2 stub cats (one for Central, one for South). I've listed them separately for now in case that happens.
I am sorting these stubs into Central and South according to the Wikipedia entry for the country each school is in. Sorry if any of them are wrong. KZF 09:57, 10 August 2007 (UTC)
Central-South-America-Schools-stub (43 stubs)
* Central-America-school-stub (7 stubs)
* 1) Academia Británica Cuscatleca
* 2) American Nicaraguan School
* 3) Colegio Centro América
* 4) List of Schools in Nicaragua
* 5) List of schools in Costa Rica
* 6) Mayatan School
* 7) St. John's College, Belize
* South-America-school-stub (36 stubs)
CentralAm-school-stub and SouthAm-school-stub, but it looks like we're nowhere near the number of articles needed for CentralAm. Is there a WikiProject for either of these areas? If so, support SouthAm for now. If not, upmerge template for SouthAm. Her Pegship (tis herself) 18:09, 10 August 2007 (UTC)
* 1) ACCAS
* 2) Academia Cotopaxi
* 3) Anglo-Peruvian School
* 4) Associação Escola Graduada de São Paulo
* 5) Asunción Christian Academy
* 6) Bishops' High School, Guyana
* 7) COTIL
* 8) Cochabamba Cooperative School
* 9) Colegio Bernardo Valdivieso
* 10) Colegio Nacional de Ushuaia
* 11) Colegio Pestalozzi
* 12) Colegio San Agustín
* 13) Colegio San Pedro Claver
* 14) Colégio Bandeirantes de São Paulo
* 15) Colégio Bandeirantes de São Paulo
* 16) Colégio Dom Amando (Santarém, Brazil)
* 17) Colégio Notre Dame (Campinas)
* 18) Colégio Pedro II (Rio de Janeiro)
* 19) Colégio Santa Maria (São Paulo)
* 20) Escuela Secundaria Técnica Química Industrial y Minera
* 21) Instituto Abel
* 22) Instituto Chaminade Marianistas
* 23) International School of Monagas
* 24) List of schools in Argentina
* 25) List of schools in Brazil
* 26) List of schools in Paraguay
* 27) List of schools in Venezuela
* 28) Mackenzie High School (Guyana)
* 29) Martin Zapata High School
* 30) Mission Ribas
* 31) Nicaragua Christian Academy
* 32) Pan American Christian Academy
* 33) Queen's College, Guyana
* 34) Santa Rosa Secondary School
* 35) St Paul's School, Brazil
* 36) Stella Maris College (Montevideo)
* The coding would most likely be
* We don't generally scope things as South-and-Central-together (or as Latin America, etc), though the reasons for not doing so could stand some examination, in my view. At the very least, an upmerged template for both would seem appropriate. Alai 21:25, 10 August 2007 (UTC)
* Thanks, those shortened versions are much better! What about an overall Americas category, with North and South American schools as subcats (Central when there are enough articles to justify it)? KZF 10:24, 11 August 2007 (UTC)
* Now that, we have done on occasion. But again, due to numbers, it would be upmerged templates, rather than subcats. Alai 17:46, 11 August 2007 (UTC)
* Ok, sorry to be a pain but I've tried to figure out for myself what upmerged templates are and had no luck :$ can someone point me towards a handy explanation? KZF (talk • contribs) 22:09, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
* I went ahead and created the templates; articles tagged with them will currently fall into, which is what "upmerging" means. Once we get 60+ articles tagged with either template we can create a separate category for them. Cheers, Her Pegship (tis herself) 23:24, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
* Thank you! KZF (talk • contribs) 12:13, 16 August 2007 (UTC)
* We don't group the Americas as one unit in other context, and we don't normally group Central and South America together. No problem with upmerged templates for either region (CentralAm-school-stub and SouthAm-school-stub respectively) but oppose the other suggestions. Valentinian T / C 12:45, 11 August 2007 (UTC)
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Deupmerging of Czech geos
User:Darwinek has been busy moving articles to the new upmerged Czech regional geo-stub templates, and at least two are now at the stage where they can be de-upmerged:
* CentralBohemia-geo-stub - (about 80 stubs)
* SouthBohemia-geo-stub - (about 80 stubs)
There are still quite a few stubs in the main Czech geo-stub category to sort, and it's possible that several other regions will also reach threshold. The following are getting close: We'll need to keep an eye on these as the sorting continues, but for now, I'd suggest speedying the first two, and possibly doing the same for Hradec Králové. Grutness...wha? 00:48, 8 August 2007 (UTC)
* HradecKrálové-geo-stub - 55 stubs
* ÚstíNadLabem-geo-stub - 50 stubs
* SouthMoravia-geo-stub - 48 stubs
* Vysočina-geo-stub - 47 stubs
* Olomouc-geo-stub - 46 stubs
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Split of
Oversize category, the following should help Waacstats 21:49, 10 August 2007 (UTC)
* / Canada-film-director-stub
* / France-film-director-stub
* / India-film-director-stub
* / Japan-film-director-stub
* / Asia-film-director-stub
* / Europe-film-director-stub
* / SouthAm-film-director-stub and Argentina-film-director-stub
* Good plan, support. For the continental ones, I suggest as many upmerged by-country templates as people have the patience to create. Alai 17:41, 11 August 2007 (UTC)
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Cincinnati-stub
Hello. I am looking to speedy create a Cincinnati stub for WP:CINCINNATI. There are 100s of articles that could use this. Thanks. (Mind meal 14:58, 5 August 2007 (UTC))
* Oppose speedying, past experience with city-specific stub types is much too mixed. These 100s of articles, are they of places? Buildings? There's the issue of cutting across existing types. Alai 17:57, 5 August 2007 (UTC)
* Cincinnati is one of the largest cities in Ohio, and is home to both a professional baseball and football team. It is a major U.S. city, like Chicago. "Hundreds" was mighty conservative, as this will eventually reach the thousands I am sure. Yes, of course, they are buildings, townships, companies, and even noteworthy persons from my hometown. I would not ask if there was not a need. (Mind meal 18:24, 5 August 2007 (UTC))
* Which is why I didn't ask about any of that. Would you might addressing what I actually did? Alai 06:47, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
* Lets just keep it friendly here. I thought I did answer your question on what it will be used for. What else did you want to know? Please explain "cutting across existing types". If by this you mean inclusion of counties and townships, I have stated below that I would not use it for that purpose. See Category:WikiProject Cincinnati for an idea of how many articles we potentially are talking about here. Mind you, there are many more yet to appear there. I can't imagine a stub like this being so controversial. Can anyone explain this "controversy" to me. Seems straightforward enough to me.(Mind meal 16:23, 6 August 2007 (UTC))
Oppose the speedying bit as other similar proposals have been controversial in the past. That said, * does seem to have quite a large number of articles relating to Cincinnati, so we're certainly over the 30 article mark. Provided that such a template were approved, the relevant articles should still be tagged with the Ohio- templates to avoid messing up the system. Valentinian T / C 21:58, 5 August 2007 (UTC)
* Oh, and the relevant permcat would be (just in case I'm not the only European unfamiliar with the U.S. practice of including state names). :) Valentinian T / C 22:01, 5 August 2007 (UTC)
* It's not speediable, but is potentially useful... as long as it's remembered that standard stub parctice would be not to include geographical items in there. Buildings (double-stubbed with ohio-struct-stub), okay, items about the city's history, sports teams, radio stations etc, fine (again double-stubbed where necessary, but neighborhoods and the like would get whichever county geo-stub already exists, assuming ohio has been split by county (ISTR that it has). Articles on individual people shouldn't really be given this stubtype either (long-standing reassons involving the fact that people tend to m,ove from place to place). If there are still a reasonable number of stubs withot that (weith a specific WP, that would be only 30 stubs), I don't see too much of a problem. As V implies, the releant stub cat should be called . Grutness...wha? 01:52, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
* Ohio geography is indeed already split by county/*SA combination, including a Greater Cincinnati category fed from a Hamilton County template and several others. Hence my comment about cross-catting. Alai 06:47, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
* Sorry for my confusion! I can definitely adhere to common practice as outlined by Grutness, and I'll add such language at the project, also. Is it possible I could create some more Cincinnati-related stubs? If the following is not plausible, perhaps those familiar with this process could nominate more "doable" stubs for Cincinnati. I just want the project to have everything it needs from the start. Here are further proposals:
* Cincinnati-bio-stub
* Cincinnati-hist-stub
Thanks again. (Mind meal 02:52, 6 August 2007 (UTC))
* Cincinnati-bio-stub is likely to be problematic for the usual reason that it'd be susceptible to "scope creep" from "people whose notability relates primarily to " to was born in/went to university at/some other tangential connection to . Tag them with a Wikiproject talk-page template if you really must keep tabs on people on such a basis. -hist- I'd want to see a more useful indication of likely size in terms of current stub articles on, not vague prognostications on what a lot of history Cincinnati has (or else for it to be created upmerged). For what's likely to be sensible in the first instance, look at the existing subcats of, to take the most obviously related type. Alai 06:47, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
* I'd agree that a bio-stub is likely to be a problem (for reasons I've already mentioned above). A better idea might be to start with just a Cincinnati-stub and see how you go with that. If there look like there are likely to be enough stubs for a second stub type come back here with a definite proposal for a specific type (although be aware that the threshold of 30 stubs for a wikiproject only relates to a first basic WP stub type - you'd need 60 for a second type). Other than that, Peg's comments below are possibly a better soluton still - with a talk-page assessment template (cf. WPBeatles) you can mark all Cincinnati related articles, not just stubs (why do I keep wanting to add a second T in Cincinnati?). Grutness...wha? 01:26, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
* Oppose stub type but support the talk page WP:C template. There are 72 items under and its immediate sub-cats which are stub-size, but nearly every one can be (and is) tagged with a current template, such as US-writer-stub, US-baseball-bio-stub, or a variety of building & structure stubs. Stub types are created after a significant number of applicable articles are created...not in anticipation of them. Cheers, Her Pegship (tis herself) 22:29, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
* I just want all the tools other projects are privy to, such as WP:CHICAGO. This sort of stub is certainly not without prior precedent, and I'd really appreciate being able to have such a stub to only add to the number of options future project members will have. (Mind meal 02:58, 7 August 2007 (UTC))
* In fact, WP:CHICAGO has only one stub template: Chicago-stub. Support a generic Cincinnati-stub, Oppose a -bio template. People move around a lot more than they used to, and we don't use such templates for similar material. Weak oppose to a -hist template. Such a template will be very narrow in scope and it might be a problem to keep it well "fed" with new material. I might be swayed though provided that this material shows a lot of growth. Valentinian T / C 22:57, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
* There is also a Chicago-geo-stub, it must be said, as well as a separate one for the containing MSA. However, given the modest size of, an analogue for Cincinnati proper would seem less than needed at present. (Upmerged, I'd have no objection to.) Alai 06:10, 9 August 2007 (UTC)
* So is that a go for Cincinnati-stub? The discussion has been dead for a while and nobody has closed the discussion. It seems that the majority have no objection to Cincinnati-stub. (Mind meal 21:34, 13 August 2007 (UTC))
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New wintersports cats
While looking at cutting down the Italy bio category I found a large number of Lugers, looking further a field I want to propose the following categories All categories should have atleast 60 articles. Waacstats 14:35, 12 August 2007 (UTC)
* Luge-bio-stub
* Italy-wintersport-bio-stub
* Italy-luge-bio-stub
* Germany-wintersport-bio-stub
* Germany-luge-bio-stub
* Austria-luge-bio-stub
* bobsleigh-bio-stub
* Switzerland-bobsleigh-bio-stub
* US-bobsleigh-bio-stub
* Germany-bobsleigh-bio-stub
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Model Rail
model-rail-stub (29 stubs) Zabdiel 15:31, 10 August 2007 (UTC)
* 1) 7mm Narrow Gauge Association
* 2) Dapol
* 3) EM gauge
* 4) Eureka Models
* 5) Ferris railways
* 6) Fiddle yard
* 7) Heljan
* 8) Inglenook Sidings
* 9) JMRI
* 10) Kadee
* 11) Kato Precision Railroad Models
* 12) LGB (Lehmann Gross Bahn)
* 13) Linn Westcott
* 14) Lyddle End
* 15) Märklin Digital
* 16) Märklin-6084
* 17) National Train Show
* 18) Normen Europäischer Modelleisenbahnen
* 19) Nigel Lawton 009
* 20) O-14
* 21) OO9
* 22) P4 gauge
* 23) Peco
* 24) ScaleSeven
* 25) Skaledale
* 26) Trainorama
* 27) Virginian and Ohio
* 28) Woodland Scenics
* 29) Worsley Works
* You might have missed a few, but it looks touch and go to make it to 60. But this merits at least an upmerged template, certainly; the existing taggings (generally "rail-stub" or "toy-stub") aren't really satisfactory. Alai 17:43, 11 August 2007 (UTC)
* A separate template is certainly a good idea - as a former OO and OO-9 buff, I'd agree that the current category scheme isn't ideal, but that's not a large number opf stubs. A template will allow us to shift things more easily if and when it gets closer to 60 stubs. Grutness...wha? 23:53, 11 August 2007 (UTC)
* PS - there are quite a few more stubs in things like : Accurail Inc., Athearn, Bowser Manufacturing, Broadway Limited Imports, HAG, Penn Line Manufacturing, Rokal, and Varney Scale Models - that takes us to 37.... Grutness...wha? 23:53, 11 August 2007 (UTC)
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subtypes
Oversized, and getting moreso as we speak. (No prizes for guessing of what.) I'll update with additional order-based counts (or finer-grained same) as things progress. Alai 02:37, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
* 371
* 192
* 108
* 81
* 68
* Certainly a busy bot. Support Valentinian T / C 22:51, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
* Don't even get me started... Alai 06:04, 9 August 2007 (UTC)
Updated counts, at the order level: and for families: It's not impossible some nuancing with infraorders and superfamilies, and the like, might be required or advisable in places too. Alai 07:42, 9 August 2007 (UTC)
* 1502 Stylommatophora
* 784 Mesogastropoda
* 108 Pulmonata
* 72 Basommatophora
* 68 Sorbeoconcha
* 58 Archaeogastropoda
* 344 Hydrobiidae
* 166 Camaenidae
* 163 Charopidae
* 119 Hygromiidae
* 108 Achatinellidae
* 90 Pleuroceridae
* 89 Pupillidae
* 84 Partulidae
* 76 Thiaridae
* 71 Orthalicidae
* 67 Planorbidae
* 66 Helicarionidae
* 63 Streptaxidae
* 60 Helicidae
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Plant articles in this category have no where else to be except under the large umbrella plant-stub. An intersection of (and its subcats) and found 51 pages. More may not be tagged with or not categorized. --Rkitko (talk) 02:34, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* You could probably divide by family, many might fall into Crassulaceae and Saxifragaceae, leaving the remainder in Saxifragales if it is handy. Will most general Wikipedia editors know what to do with stub situations like this, though, rather than asking plant editors in particular? The question on the Asteraceae stubs got no non-plant responses here simply because the taxonomy is not in the general knowledge of non-plant editors. You might find more useful responses asking plant editors, as there are a couple at least who work with Crassulaceae. I don't generally know anything about stub sorting, either, and questions on the plant page would have indicated I should have been adding stub tags to articles that I have not been adding. In this case, I think creating at least two families, maybe even one, would be useful. KP Botany 03:49, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* Well, the stub categories for families in Saxifragales wouldn't be large enough to maintain a viable stub category, I suspect. See Alai's suggestion above about an upmerged template. I think that idea works the best. --Rkitko (talk) 13:01, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* I can't even find the Saxifragales stubs--this is red-linked. Can you link to the category you're talking about? Upmerging is fine if that's convenient, but I'm not sure what you're saying above. I thought the issue was they had no place but "under the large umbrella," which seems to be saying they need a more specific place, not a less specific one. KP Botany 16:30, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* Category:Saxifragales stubs doesn't exist yet. What I believe Alai was saying above is that a template Saxifragales-stub could be created that would place articles that are tagged with that template in the main Category:Plant stubs. At least that's what I think "upmerged template" means! Is there a glossary around here of terms for newbies to this page? --Rkitko (talk) 17:24, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* If you find one, pop it on my talk page. No, there's no glossary and Wikipedia is jargon-laden, and difficult to navigate through to find information. I thought you were the one who posted the Saxifragales stubs issue? If there isn't one, there are enough articles to create one, it seems. These need to be discussed on WP:Plants, anyhow, as there are more knowledgable folks about this, there. KP Botany 17:30, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* Indeed. That was my proposal that we create one for those stubs. I located at least 51 articles that would fit in that category. Sorry if that wasn't clear. --Rkitko (talk) 18:25, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* Oh, yes, create one please. KP Botany 18:42, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* Yes, that's exactly what's meant by an "upmerged template". I believe there is a glossary entry for that... somewhere. I'd have no objection to templates at the family level, if there's an anticipation of significant future use, but strictly speaking they'd all end up upmerged to, at present. (Though 51 is likely to be in the "you'd get away with a category if you created it" zone, to be honest.) Alai 23:28, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* An incomplete quick run through the articles in the Saxifragales found 10-15 more articles that would fit this stub category, some that were categorized in . --Rkitko (talk) 00:21, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* Yay. I suggest a stub type with that scope, then, and as many upmerged by-family categories as the plantistos reckon would be useful in the longer term, and/or that you have the inclination to create. Alai 01:00, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* Done. 92 articles in stub category. Found more than I thought! --Rkitko (talk) 15:33, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
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Deupmerge Luxembourg-sport-bio-stub
There are currently 61 such stubs, and increasing. Deupmerge to in stubcats, ,. Bastin 20:42, 12 August 2007 (UTC)
* Speaking personally, I think this is a) speediable, and b) pretty astonishing... Alai 00:13, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* I've gone ahead and speedily created it. As for astonishing, I can only say that I wish I had a resource like Polbot's. That never ceases to amaze me. Bastin 12:16, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* The Polbot comparison gives me a distinct sinking feeling. Is the implication that you'd use it to create an article for every person in Luxembourg? :) Alai 23:24, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* Hehe. Fortunately not (although the fact that there are probably almost as many species in that database as there are people in Luxembourg is somewhat scary...). Having said that, I would like to be able to have articles on as many domestic athletics, cycling, and swimming champions as possible, which would number in the hundreds altogether. Bastin 09:45, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
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Split of
This category is over 700 and filled with all sorts of things that probably shouldn't be in there so I propose the following to try and clear some of these out for articles relating to the variuos sports involving racing motorcycles for biographical articles relating to racing motorcycles. I'm not to sure on the names or the templates so any suggested improvements are welcome, also any suggestions as to the text on the template would also be appreciated.Waacstats 15:17, 12 August 2007 (UTC)
* Motorcycle-racing-stub
* Motorcycle-racing-bio-stub
* The main article and permcat are at motorcycle sport and, so I'd suggest that as the name and scope, and motorcycle-sport-stub as the template. I'd suggest a bog-standard template text around that article-link scope, unless I'm missing some subtlety. Otherwise, support. Alai 02:00, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* Support change to -sport- rather than -racing- to match permcat. waacstats 12:35, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
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split of
Category currently over 700. The only single country I can find with enough articles for a stub type is England so i propose after that i propose templates by governing body as per split of biography with categories for those that reach 60 so note names are chosen to match biography stubs that is why NorthAm and Oceania cats are different, also with split by governing body most of Central America and the Caribbean goes into NorthAm and Australia goes into Asia. Waacstats 14:58, 12 August 2007 (UTC)
* England-footy-competition-stub
* Africa-footy-competition-stub
* Asia-footy-competition-stub
* Euro-footy-competition-stub
* NorthAm-footy-competition-stub
* Oceania-footy-competition-stub
* SouthAm-footy-competition-stub
* Support the idea, but not the template names! Remember that many - probably most - competitions are not leagues, but are knockout cup competitions (the FA Cup being the best known). Unless you want two templates for each category (X-footy-league-stub and X-footy-cup-stub) we need better names. Oh, and there's no need to capitalise soccer in the cat names, either. Grutness...wha? 00:53, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* good point about the capital Soccer/soccer I have changed that. Regarding the templates, when I looked at the category it was showing as -league-, 12hrs later User:Alai came along and changed it to -competition- so I have changed the proposal to match (It appears that -competition is the official template and not -league-).Waacstats 12:05, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* Which I did after noticing this discussion, of course. :) (The template'd been moved long ago, but the category remained referring to the redirect.) Alai 23:34, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
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Africa-cuisine-stub
While I haven't counted, I'm estimate that there are enough articles in Category:Cuisine stubs to justify a template (see Nigeria for a good amount of articles, and those are only Nigerian ones). Picaroon (t) 17:45, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* To clarify, this would he replacing cuisine-stub on articles in Category:Cuisine stubs. Picaroon (t) 00:11, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* Yeah, that's standard practice, since "cuisine" is part of the new stub. Usual procedure in nthis case would be to make the template upmerged (i.e., pointing at the general Cuisine stubs and Africa stubs categories) and start using it - once we know for sure there are 60 stubs using it, then we can just re-point it to a new separate subcategory. I can't recall how we split cuisine stubs, but by continent or nation seems reasonable - mind you, for some reason we have a Japan-food-stub, with the Japan-cuisine-stub as a redirect. I'd like someone who knows more about the way they've been split in the past to comment here before giving a definite yay or nay. Grutness...wha? 00:40, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* My vague impression is that this is somewhat a case of, "ZOMG, the stubs are oversized, let's split them by country", as against systematically planned decisions as to whether "food" or "cuisine" made the most sense at the country level. If we were to start to try to regularise them after the fact, presumbably "cuisine" would be current norm -- though equally one might argue that "food" was the more inclusive. Oh well. One does wonder if the distinction between the two is really clear and critical enough to be worth the candle in the first place... Alai 04:20, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
* I think by the whole continent is the best in this case, with the possibility of further splitting down by region eventually. I doubt we'd have enough stubs to split this proposed template down by country for quite a while. Picaroon (t) 01:18, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* Yeah, I though that too - but the point about X-cuisine-stub vs X-food-stub still applies. Grutness...wha? 02:36, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* The Japanese category seems to be the odd one out, everything else is cuisine. Shall I create Africa-cuisine-stub, without a category (for now), soon? Picaroon (t) 03:33, 19 August 2007 (UTC)
* That would seem to be the general trend of the discussion, so yes. Alai 03:40, 19 August 2007 (UTC)
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Same as below with Saxifragales. Bryophyte articles include plenty of existing articles with a lot of potential creation of stubs in the future to fill in the non-vascular land plants. An intersection of (and its subcats) and located 65 articles. More are not tagged or categorized. --Rkitko (talk) 03:07, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
Please don't post post mechanically-generated lists of articles here: the page gets plenty big, plenty quickly, as things stand. A link would suffice. Indeed, just a number generally does so. This one I'll happily support; for the Saxifragales, since the plant-stubs are currently at a very manageable size, and they're below theshold, perhaps just an upmerged template. Alai 04:06, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* Ah, sorry about that; I didn't know not to post lists. I'd agree with you on the Saxifragales, then. I just started weeding through the plant stubs category and found a large number of Saxifragales along the way. --Rkitko (talk) 12:55, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
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Would like to propose creating this stub type and category. An intersection of and its subcats with + found 64 articles. This category would be categorizing the stubs more specifically while removing some articles from the near-oversized protist stubs category and the plants category (green algae). --Rkitko (talk) 18:28, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
* Support. There's some potential taxonomic headaches in here, but this aligns with the permcat, and seems highly useful on the basis of likely differential editing. Alai 21:12, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
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Economics of education
Proposal to create/keep the stub Economics of education. Pardon my creating of the stub before its suggestion. It has been called for deletion, as such I propose that it remain; or, if that it is deleted that the stub be created. The article would be classed high priority for both economics and education. --Kenneth M Burke 23:54, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
* As I have noted on the user's talk page, there was some confusion; this was an article nominated for deletion and thus not relevant to this discussion. Cheers, Her Pegship (tis herself) 18:22, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
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Christopher Scott, Professional Photographer
I believe that there needs to be a stub created for Christopher Scott, a professional photographer from Jackson, Mississippi. He has made his way from 'up and coming freelancer' to 'phenomenal professional', having photographed several celebrities, bands, and models, as well as maintaining a high profile clientele. His website can be viewed at Christopher Scott Gallery. He deserves to be on Wikipedia since he is catching the Art and Fashion industry by storm. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ecuador234 (talk • contribs)
* This page is only for the approval of templates and categories, not for articles. I've left a note on your talk page. Valentinian T / C 14:20, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
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Upmerged templates for Asian politicians
Some time ago, User:Thomas.macmillan sorted the entire material relating to African politicians by country, creating templates for next to all of these countries (if I remember correctly, Western Sahara is missing due to its status as a disputed territory and so are a few minor French islands near Africa), and South and Central America only lack three templates to be split off the same way as well (Suriname, Guyana and Belize). I've been thinking about creating upmerged -politician-stub templates for the Asian nations since is at 500+ and rather unwieldy given the large number of countries. Trouble is that I haven't done a proper count of this material for quite a while. Should I do a count for each of them and list them all on here or is this too bureaucratic? My guess would be that Palestine-politician-stub would be only template that might cause problems, but on the other hand, we already have both Palestine-stub and Palestine-bio-stub, so I think even this one will be in the clear. Thoughts? Valentinian T / C 09:42, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* Sounds sensible to me - in fact it sounds very much like what I've been doing with the geo-stubs - in Africa the only missing ones are the politically problematical Western Sahara and the "how to name it" problem of British Indian Ocean Territories. Virtually every nation/territory/whatever now has a Foo-geo-stub, and it's probably worth having Foo-bio-stub, Foo-stub, and Foo-politician-stub for them too, upmerged wherever necessary. Grutness...wha? 12:12, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* A lot of things will get easier once we have the most common templates in place for all nations. I was considering upmerged templates for the European politicians as well (except for the usual problematic cases: Kosovo, Moldova/Transnistria and Cyprus). Valentinian T / C 13:12, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* On the subject of which, I've just speedied a new version of TRNC-geo-stub and protected it :( Hmmm. I wonder if the articles in should get Vatican-politician-stub... :) Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 13:34, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* Well, if we'd had a Cardinal-stub it might have made a nice redirect. (grin). Valentinian T / C 13:52, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* I don't think we need counts or size thresholds for upmerged templates at all, and I'd certainly support all these. Anything "countryish" enough for a general or -geo- stub type (or even template) should be fine to also have -politician- template. (For -bios, there's admittedly the possible difficulty with disputed regions of whether they fall foul of the 'subregion' issues of identification and "movement".) Alai 01:17, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* In that case, I'll more or less interpret this as a general go-ahead for creating upmerged -politician templates. My first priority is to create templates for the missing entries in Asia and Europe. The Caribbean and Oceania aren't that urgent, but then again, we might as well get it done. Speaking of Europe, I'm not sure what to do with Cyprus and Moldova. Cypriot -bio and -footy-bio templates have previously been approved on this page but they've never been created. What do we do? Ignore the island or create the three missing templates and lock them down right away? In the case of Moldova, the -politician template shouldn't be that much of a problem, except that I have a feeling I'll hear no end of **, if I add it to material relating to items east of a certain river. I still consider it to be advertisement for a secessionist regime to have Transnistria-stub around. Btw, unless I hear any massive protests, I'll remove the sesessionist flag from this template. Valentinian T / C 19:52, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* I would in fact strongly urge removal of said flag. Such rationale as we might have for a Transnistria-stub would be that it's either a state-of-sorts, or it's a subdivision of Moldova, and we could have a stub type for either of those. Iconifying it thusly nails things down to the former in an acceptable POV way, I believe. The disputed regions aren't necessarily covered by the above suggestion: it depends rather whether they exist because there's some sort of consensus to have them, or because of a mere absence of a consensus them. If they're in the latter state, feel free to ignore them as regards being any sort of precedent. Alai 23:14, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* Flag removed. That leaves us with the Cypriot problem. It would make sense to me if an admin created the three missing upmerged templates (-bio, -footy-bio, and -politician) and locked them down afterwards. Valentinian T / C 06:43, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
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A rag-tag bag of geo-stub categories templates, part 1
As I've mentioned here and at other stub process pages several times recently, I've been going through the remaining "countries" adding upmerged geo-stub templates, with the aim of having a specific geo-stub template name for every country, territory, or other "country-like entity". All but a handful now have, the remainder being - no offense intended by this comment - the "dregs" of the sorting: several tiny states which have problems relating to their naming or status which makes a straightforward templating less straightforward. The following few are all straightforward enough in terms of political status, but have naming concerns, so I'm bringing them here for discussion before creating templates for them - any suggestions regarding the names are welcome:
* British Indian Ocean Territory: possible names -
* UK-IndianOcean-geo-stub
* BIOT-geo-stub
* BritishIndianOcean-geo-stub
* BritishIndianOceanTerritory-geo-stub
* Chagos-geo-stub (BIOT is also called the Chagos Archipelago, though this name is a little less obvious for a template)
* British Virgin Islands
* BritishVirgins-geo-stub
* UK-Virgins-geo-stub
* United States Virgin Islands
* UnitedStatesVirgins-geo-stub
* USVirgins-geo-stub
* US-Virgins-geo-stub
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* Turks-geo-stub (to parallel Trinidad-geo-stub, Antigua-geo-stub, etc)
* TurksandCaicos-geo-stub
* TurksCaicos-geo-stub (To parallel SaintKittsNevis-geo-stub)
* Turks&Caicos-geo-stub
Whatever is decided for the Turks and Caicos Islands would also hopefully be usable as a model for Wallis and Futuna and for Saint Pierre and Miquelon.
My own preferences would be for BritishIndianOceanTerritory-geo-stub, BritishVirgins-geo-stub, USVirgins-geo-stub and Turks-geo-stub (and therefore Wallis-geo-stub and SaintPierre-geo-stub). Input would be very welcome!
Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 12:32, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* Just to be 100% clear, are you proposing categories, per the header, or upmerged templates? Name-wise I'd have the same preference as yourself, with a slight caveat about Turks-geo-stub: might that not be slightly ambiguous-sounding? I'm possibly marginally leaning towards TurksCaicos-geo-stub. Alai 12:45, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* My fault - yeah, just upmerged templates. None of these have over about 20 stubs. Turks is perhaps a tad ambiguous, which is one of the reasons I brought it here - SaintKittsNevis-geo-stub is an anomaly, largely because there's a big seperatist sentiment in Nevis (IIRC there was even a vote on independence not that long ago), so the name was designed to keep everyone as happy as possible. Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 14:08, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* Just to avoid any fun remarks when we begin creating generic templates for the BVI and the USVI, how about names that contain "VirginIslands" one way or the other? Valentinian T / C 19:41, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* Yeah I suppose so, though all other island groups avoid the word "{islands" in their templates. Still, redirects could keep the "island-less" form consistent. Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 00:20, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
* My hunch on the naming business would be TurksCaicos-geo-stub, BritishIndianOcean-geo-stub, USVirginIslands-geo-stub and BritishVirginIslands-geo-stub. I normally hate redirects but perhaps BVI-geo-stub and USVI-geo-stub might make sensible redirects. Valentinian T / C 14:07, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
Okay. Looks like redirects will be useful here, so I'll go with Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 01:06, 23 August 2007 (UTC)
* BritishIndianOcean-geo-stub (redirect from BritishIndianOceanTerritory-geo-stub)
* BritishVirginIslands-geo-stub (redirects from BritishVirgins-geo-stub and BVI-geo-stub)
* USVirginIslands-geo-stub (redirects from USVirgins-geo-stub and USVI-geo-stub)
* TurksCaicos-geo-stub
* WallisFutuna-geo-stub
* SaintPierreMiquelon-geo-stub
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A few speedy candidates
The following templates have all passed 60 articles so propose the accompaning catagories the following have passed 60 when added together Waacstats 22:32, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
* DominicanRepublic-bio-stub /
* Nicaragua-politician-stub /
* Zimbabwe-politician-stub /
* Honduras-politician-stub /
* Croatia-politician-stub /
* Madagascar-bio-stub and Madagascar-politician-stub /
* Mongolia-bio-stub and Mongolia-politician-stub /
* Kiribati-stub, Kiribati-geo-stub and Kiribati-bio-stub /
* As you say, speedy 'em. Alai 22:43, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
* Speedy. Valentinian T / C 15:30, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
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upmerged template has over 60 articles ready for a speeddily created category? Waacstats 10:30, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
* Looks like it. Valentinian T / C 10:34, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
* Speedy. Alai 18:52, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
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, by order
Alai 00:48, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
* 389
* 160
* 144
* 114
* 103 Lecythidales-labelled articles, which according to that article, should really be Ericales
* 66 Campanulales articles; on the same basis, should be either Asterales or Solanales
* 60
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subtypes, by order
Parent oversized; no immediately obvious problems with these, according to the corresponding articles. Alai 00:35, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
* 379
* 339
* 94
* This list looks good to me. I was going to propose the first two myself, but was beaten to it. --EncycloPetey 16:39, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
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; subcats at family (?) level
Parent is oversized, of course. Alai 00:19, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
* 345
* 186 (seems OK)
* 121 (Cronquist dustbin issues)
* 94 (according to the article, not a Malpighiales family at all, but in the Ericales order)
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is oversized, and of the upmerged UA templates, Redcar-geo-stub is the largest, in the mid-50s. An alternative would be to split out the large North Yorkshire county council (from the existing North Yorkshire ceremonial county), but I suspect that would be somewhat confusing -- witness the fact that there's not even a separate article on it. Alai 22:20, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
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Model Rail (upmerged)
Speedy Creation - S1 - the creation of a category for which an approved upmerged template already exists and is now in use on more than 60 articles.
The approval of the upmerged template is here
model-rail-stub (61 stubs) Zabdiel 09:02, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
* (List snipped, per the existence of whatlinkshere...) Support, nifty. Alai 11:18, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
* Thought it wouldn't be long. Good work. Go for it. Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 00:19, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
* Done --Zabdiel 11:13, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
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US road regional stubs
The US road stub cat is currently at 300 stubs. Although not terribly massive, I believe that the time has come to create the remaining three regional categories and templates. This idea was initially brought up at the Utah state highway task force regarding the Western US road stub; the southern one already exists and there's plenty of articles to feed the potential midwestern and northeastern cats. Namely, the categories/templates to be made are:
* - US-northeast-road-stub
* - US-west-road-stub
* - US-midwest-road-stub
The template names are a guess after glancing over existing stub types. Of course, if that is the NC, then the southern US road stub template needs to be renamed as well... -- T M F Let's Go Mets - Stats 09:31, 26 August 2007 (UTC)
{
* Actually it was originally brought up at the same time as I created the first one, so technically this is "speediable". At any rate, support cats, at any desired speed. However, my preference would be for categories only, with upmerged per-state templates (I'm not sure how many of these are still "missing). I'm assuming there's unlikely to be many stubs that'd require multiple by-state tags. Regional templates would probably just end up being progressively replaced and eventually deleted. Alai 04:19, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
* Regarding the templates, I thought about that scenario last night, especially in the northeast, where I believe every state but Maine has a per-state template. So leaving the templates as red-links is fine. As for the southern US road stub template, I guess once every area (state/district) in the region has a per-area stub, then we can delete it instead of worrying about the convention. -- T M F Let's Go Mets - Stats 04:24, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
* An upmerged Maine-road-stub was created recently, and there's a long-standing RhodeIsland-road-stub, so that's the full set for the NE. I've completed the "South" templates, though I'm a bit disappointed to see that the regional template (which IMO there was little point in creating in the first place) is actually in fairly heavy use. Hopefully once all by-state templates are in place, and now that the names are nice and symmetric, people will get used to using those on a more systematic basis. Alai 05:08, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
* I went ahead and made the remaining by-state stub templates and the two missing regional cats. -- T M F Let's Go Mets - Stats 07:24, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
* Excellent. I've re-sorted the US-road-stubs for those candidates pertaining to one (or a couple of) state(s), and it's down to around 40 bona fide articles. Alai 17:35, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
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Plant taxonomy stubs
Polbot is at it again! I propose the following stub categories to split the overstuffed (or soon-to-be-overstuffed), , and by order:
* Asterid stubs
* - at least 277 stubs
* - at least 194 stubs
* - at least 75 stubs
* Rosid stubs
* - at least 131 stubs
* - at least 253 stubs
* - at least 277 stubs
* - at least 65 stubs, though we may have to eventually split off and as Polbot continues. Upmerged templates would be fine for those orders until such time.
* - at least 64 stubs
* Monocot stubs
* - at least 165 stubs
* - at least 211 stubs
* - at least 68 stubs
This follows this discussions with WP:PLANTS. Thoughts? --Rkitko (talk) 16:12, 21 August 2007 (UTC)
* Support. Possible speedy, given long-standing precedent for taxon-based stub types, and in the hopes of heading Polbot off at the pass. Alai 23:23, 21 August 2007 (UTC)
Here's some counts at the order -- or, alleged order -- level: Some of these look less than completely current, it must be said... Alai 04:25, 22 August 2007 (UTC)
* 135 Magnoliales
* 115 Rubiales
* 100 Scrophulariales
* 84 Laurales
* 73 Urticales
* 56 Primulales
* Indeed, the IUCN uses an older taxonomy circumscription. Scrophulariales is largely now Lamiales, which we already have a stub category for; Rubiales is Gentianales, proposed above; Urticales is now in the Rosales, which is already another stub type, and Primulales are in the Ericales, proposed above. That's mostly work done by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Problem is that every taxonomy circumscription is an opinion and it's difficult for Wikipedia to be consistent in that respect, though we have tried to explain the differences on the article pages. But for the sake of categorization, it's been difficult to maintain order when there are so many competing taxonomic systems. Most of those orders were used in the Cronquist system, which was by far the most popular plant taxonomy circumscription until the APG II system. To finally make my point: The stub types already in place align themselves with the APG II system (e.g. rosids, asterids) so we should probably continue to do so and make a note of it in the stub categories. Rkitko (talk) 12:30, 22 August 2007 (UTC)
* Oh well. Evidently we need not just a species creation bot, but a (cleaning up after the first bot) bot, and then a stub-sorting bot. As against, oh, just a modicum of care and communication to get it all done in the first place as to obviate the need for the followup work. Or indeed, just rolling out this ludicrous number of articles on this sort of pace, at all. Alai 17:48, 22 August 2007 (UTC)
Further counts; by order: and by family: I'll ask for further input at the plant project, and otherwise attempt to do something about any taxons flagged as dustbins, polyphyletic, or otherwise deprecated. Alai 23:48, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
* 549 Myrtales
* 549 Magnoliales
* 490 Rubiales
* 383 Ebenales
* 289 Laurales
* 226 Celastrales
* 146 Piperales
* 127 Primulales
* 112 Cycadales
* 107 Fagales
* 490 Rubiaceae
* 317 Sapotaceae
* 261 Melastomataceae
* 248 Annonaceae
* 246 Lauraceae
* 228 Myristicaceae
* 193 Myrtaceae
* 126 Myrsinaceae
* 120 Piperaceae
* 110 Zamiaceae
* 97 Fagaceae
* 97 Celastraceae
* 95 Aquifoliaceae
* 62 Magnoliaceae
* So, are we able to create some of these stub categories, then? The proposal that you have above didn't re-mention some of these. Especially thinking of Piperales, Laurales, the monocots split. --Rkitko (talk) 02:32, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
* Yes, I think we can go ahead with any and all of these that aren't "problem taxons". I didn't actually intentionally re-list any, I assumed they'd be more or less disjoint, if the existing stub types were being used consistently. Though thinking about it now, it does seem more than a little suspicious that the rosids and asterids had only grown somewhat, and the "plants" so massively, so obviously, they're not. Alai 04:12, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
* One note on the net effect of the above, in combination: between those tagged with plant-stub, and with rosid-stub, the look as if they themselves will be oversized. So family-level instead (or, as well as?) seems the better option in that case. Alai 01:10, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
* Perhaps I didn't read through thoroughly enough, but I couldn't find how many stubs is too many in a category. When does one become oversized? will have over 500 when BotanyBot finishes stub sorting. --Rkitko (talk) 03:16, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
* Family level as well as where necessary. The articles themselves aren't bound by APG II, and if it is the existing stub sorting system, it's probably useful. Just create lower level ones as needed. PolBot can and will stub tag them as dictated by us. I greatly appreciate Quadell's work getting these plant stubs up. Rkitko, as far as I am concerned however you choose to go about it, is fine. Alai has been some great help actually creating the categories also. KP Botany 03:52, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
* We don't have an "official" definition of "too many", but for purposes of the project "to-do list", it's set at 800 stubs. (It's been suggested that 600 would be a better number, but it would be a large task to get anywhere close to that for the foreseeable future, so I suggest we burn that bridge when we come to it.) As far as actual utility is concerned, it becomes "too many" when people working on those articles start to find it onerous to trawl through a category to find an article they're able/willing/interested in expanding, as distinct from the various somewhat-related ones. Given that for species, we're in some cases creating stub types for higher taxons that're themselves stubs -- or in extreme cases redlinks at time of type creation -- I'd guess we're if anything more in the opposite danger, i.e. of creating types so narrow (but nonetheless heavily-populated, largely by bot-created nano-stubs) that they don't attract subject-specialists at all. So in short, if a type is someplace between 60 and 800 articles, it's "off WSS's radar" as far as size concerns go; within that, we'd be glad of input from domain experts as to what's a reasonable granularity. Alai 04:16, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
* If you're talking about categories tied to articles that are red-linked, I can put up quick stubs on most plant taxa. Let me know on my user page, if htis is the issue. KP Botany 02:39, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
* I haven't come across it for any plant taxon yet, IIRC it was a batch of fish taxa. But I'll let you know if I do, thanks for the offer. (Plant-stubs are down to just under a page, so the immediate hair-rending may be close to being at an end.) Alai 07:34, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
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foo-bio-stub templates
As we seem to have ongoing work at creating geo and politician templates for all countries I thought I would work on the same for bio templates. On this I propose the following templates: User:waacstats/bios (list of approx 35 templates placed on user page to save space here) This would give every UN member state a bio template. I have taken the nation part from the geo stubs and the only one I am not sure on is the Marshall Islands. Waacstats 15:35, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
* Sounds like a grand plan, throughout. Support. Alai 16:34, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
* Support naturally. May I suggest that you add the future category name in comment form the same way as I do with the politician templates (e.g. Albania-politician-stub) ? Just in case you haven't drawn up the list already :) I compiled a list of category names that would match the permcats some time ago, see: User:Valentinian/Country stub templates. Valentinian T / C 19:17, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
* Support from me, too. I must make a similar list to V's for the geo-stubs (at least at national level), since they're probably the most nearly complete of any of these Foo-x-stub splits. Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 00:01, 21 August 2007 (UTC)
* Good idea, G. It will also make it easier to check that we use consistent template names. Valentinian T / C 08:19, 21 August 2007 (UTC)
* I've made a start at User:Grutness/Geo-stub list - I'll complete it during the next few days. Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 02:24, 22 August 2007 (UTC)
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subtypes
Yes, I realize it only seems like ten minutes ago that this was created, but now it's oversized. We could split by genre, or by decade. Any preferences? Alai 03:20, 19 August 2007 (UTC)
* By decade would probably be more clear-cut, since genres are, almost by definition, pretty blurry-edged. Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 00:18, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
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A UK Tram stub, for use with the WP:UK Trams
Pretty much any article with metro tag on it, that's related to the UK, and any article withing WP: Streetcars that's UK related, and any project within WP:Trains thats UK related. Bluegoblin7 16:32, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
* I'm a bit concerned about the likely size of this, the need (or lack), and the possible cross-tagging, given the existence of UK-metro-stub, and at least one 'regional transport' stub type (for London). We could very quickly end up with inconsistent and/or multiple tagging into all sorts of very small stub types. Perhaps a wider discussion on whether to sort primarily by location or by mode of transport would be useful. Alai 20:33, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
* The problem with the metro one is that it relates to metros and trams, not just trams, thus the error there. Bluegoblin7 09:11, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
* It includes trams. Thus the above comments (and lack of error therein); please address. Alai 16:36, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
* I dont care any more ive left wikipedia Bluegoblin7 16:39, 20 August 2007 (UTC) ive returned, and i wish to put up a fight once more.
* yes, it includes trams, but its not exclusively for trams. why not have one for metros, and one for trams? give other people a chance. metros and trams are completely different, otherwise, wouldnt they be classified together a lot more? its a popular misconception that they are the same thing. Bluegoblin 7 18:46, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
* and please remove the banners until a solution has been come up with.
* I can see the benefit of this stub type. The current Category:United Kingdom metro stubs contains 120+ pages which, I suspect, could be divided roughly equally between tram systems, which involve a substantial degree of on-street running, and metro systems, which don't. Both would come under the same 'rapid transit'/'rapid transport' parent, and both would (just about?) meet the required thresholds. The creation of this stub type would also allow the correct classification of articles about the many historical tram systems in the UK, none of which could be described as 'rapid' (!), were almost exculsively street-running based, and existed (and ceased to exist!) long before the terms 'rapid transit' and 'metro' were coined. -- EdJogg 10:15, 21 August 2007 (UTC)
* The main discussion can be found here, after it was proposed to be deleted. But, I think it should remain, for reasons listed there. Bluegoblin 7 18:56, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
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A speediable geo-stub cat (yes really a category this time :)
The Marshall Islands have just passed the 60-stub mark. Time for a category? Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 11:19, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
* Done. Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 02:03, 23 August 2007 (UTC)
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A pronunciation category
For example: Pronunciation:Artist Names
* I don't really see that as having anything to do with stubs, which is what this page is for... Perhaps Village pump (proposals) would be a better place to suggest this? Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 00:39, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
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Split of North and South Korea geo-stubs
Hi all. For a long time now we've kept Korean stubs together in one place rather than separating them into North and South. While that makes a lot of sense for hostiry stubs and a reasonable amount of sense for bio-stubs, it makes very little sense for geo-stubs, since the border's been pretty much fixed for half a century or more. I'd therefore like to propose splitting into two categories, one each for north and south: This would allow us also to delete, redirecting the general-purpose Korea-geo-stub to , with a "now deprecated" note similar to that on CentralAm-geo-stub. Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 01:28, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* SouthKorea-geo-stub -
* NorthKorea-geo-stub -
* Support new types, on the basis of it being the "usual and expected" way to scope geos. Not 100% sure about deletion; there's a permcat, so it's not too silly to have that as a parent. I don't know if overlap/double-stubbing is much of a consideration. Alai 03:05, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* Support the new types, but keep the existing template and cat, as there are some stub articles of physical and historical geography that span both countries and isn't ever going to be deleted unless the region gets a name change. Caerwine <small style="font-family:sans-serif;color:darkred">Caer’s whines 06:02, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* Support new items; keep umbrella category per Caerwine. Her Pegship <small style="color:green;"> (tis herself) 15:21, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* Support the new items, but let's keep the original umbrella ones. Valentinian T / C 19:55, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* Comment Might want to include redirects from RKorea and DPRKorea to correspond with the RCongo and DRCongo stub families. Caerwine <small style="font-family:sans-serif;color:darkred">Caer’s whines 01:32, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
* Good idea. Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 02:08, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
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Upmerged templates for Asian politicians
Some time ago, User:Thomas.macmillan sorted the entire material relating to African politicians by country, creating templates for next to all of these countries (if I remember correctly, Western Sahara is missing due to its status as a disputed territory and so are a few minor French islands near Africa), and South and Central America only lack three templates to be split off the same way as well (Suriname, Guyana and Belize). I've been thinking about creating upmerged -politician-stub templates for the Asian nations since is at 500+ and rather unwieldy given the large number of countries. Trouble is that I haven't done a proper count of this material for quite a while. Should I do a count for each of them and list them all on here or is this too bureaucratic? My guess would be that Palestine-politician-stub would be only template that might cause problems, but on the other hand, we already have both Palestine-stub and Palestine-bio-stub, so I think even this one will be in the clear. Thoughts? Valentinian T / C 09:42, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* Sounds sensible to me - in fact it sounds very much like what I've been doing with the geo-stubs - in Africa the only missing ones are the politically problematical Western Sahara and the "how to name it" problem of British Indian Ocean Territories. Virtually every nation/territory/whatever now has a Foo-geo-stub, and it's probably worth having Foo-bio-stub, Foo-stub, and Foo-politician-stub for them too, upmerged wherever necessary. Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 12:12, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* A lot of things will get easier once we have the most common templates in place for all nations. I was considering upmerged templates for the European politicians as well (except for the usual problematic cases: Kosovo, Moldova/Transnistria and Cyprus). Valentinian T / C 13:12, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* On the subject of which, I've just speedied a new version of TRNC-geo-stub and protected it :( Hmmm. I wonder if the articles in should get Vatican-politician-stub... :) Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 13:34, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* Well, if we'd had a Cardinal-stub it might have made a nice redirect. (grin). Valentinian T / C 13:52, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
* I don't think we need counts or size thresholds for upmerged templates at all, and I'd certainly support all these. Anything "countryish" enough for a general or -geo- stub type (or even template) should be fine to also have -politician- template. (For -bios, there's admittedly the possible difficulty with disputed regions of whether they fall foul of the 'subregion' issues of identification and "movement".) Alai 01:17, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* In that case, I'll more or less interpret this as a general go-ahead for creating upmerged -politician templates. My first priority is to create templates for the missing entries in Asia and Europe. The Caribbean and Oceania aren't that urgent, but then again, we might as well get it done. Speaking of Europe, I'm not sure what to do with Cyprus and Moldova. Cypriot -bio and -footy-bio templates have previously been approved on this page but they've never been created. What do we do? Ignore the island or create the three missing templates and lock them down right away? In the case of Moldova, the -politician template shouldn't be that much of a problem, except that I have a feeling I'll hear no end of **, if I add it to material relating to items east of a certain river. I still consider it to be advertisement for a secessionist regime to have Transnistria-stub around. Btw, unless I hear any massive protests, I'll remove the sesessionist flag from this template. Valentinian T / C 19:52, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* I would in fact strongly urge removal of said flag. Such rationale as we might have for a Transnistria-stub would be that it's either a state-of-sorts, or it's a subdivision of Moldova, and we could have a stub type for either of those. Iconifying it thusly nails things down to the former in an acceptable POV way, I believe. The disputed regions aren't necessarily covered by the above suggestion: it depends rather whether they exist because there's some sort of consensus to have them, or because of a mere absence of a consensus them. If they're in the latter state, feel free to ignore them as regards being any sort of precedent. Alai 23:14, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* Flag removed. That leaves us with the Cypriot problem. It would make sense to me if an admin created the three missing upmerged templates (-bio, -footy-bio, and -politician) and locked them down afterwards. Valentinian T / C 06:43, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
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subtypes, assorted
is the latest to be hugely overfull of bot-created articles. There's two aspects to this: firstly, there's over 900 actual cichlids, from which it would seem to be sensible to split out subfamilies and genera, as viable. Secondly, there's even more non-cichlids (around 1300) that have been mis-tagged into here, that would in any case have oversized the fish-stub parent (itself getting on for 800 at present), which can be split by order and family. Some other existing stub types would be "spilled into", complicating getting any sort of sensible count. I'll update as things become clearer... Alai 07:19, 6 August 2007 (UTC) OK, first of all, the orders: Don't be too alarmed at the size of the Perciformes: that includes the Cichlidae (at least according to the taxonomy the infoboxes are using), so the parent won't itself be oversized. Alai 07:48, 6 August 2007 (UTC) And to start to deal with the actual cichlids, one genus is clearly viable:, at 120. The rest might have to be arranged into tribes and subfamilies, which will require better information than I have to hand... Alai 07:50, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
* 1498
* 200
* 179
* 148
* 131
* 78
* 63
* Update: the mis-sorted seem to have been largely fixed, otherwise situation is still as above, with both the fish-stubs and the cichlid-stubs oversized. At the cichlid tribe level, it looks as if the following would work:
* 67
* 64
* The tribe Haplochromini would be "over-viable" at 500-odd. (Note we have articles on none of these taxons at present: I'm using this site as a reference.) Alai 01:51, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
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Category very nearly oversized suggest the following splits: The last 4 are currently short of requiring a cat but I prefer to propose them with these but only create upmerged templates unless I find 60 articles then I don't need to come back for a speedy proposal. Please can some one else check I have the capitalisation correct. Waacstats 10:30, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
* US-winter-Olympic-medalist-stub / / (95)
* Germany-winter-Olympic-medalist-stub / / (166)
* Switzerland-winter-Olympic-medalist-stub / / (74)
* Italy-winter-Olympic-medalist-stub / / (54)
* Austria-winter-Olympic-medalist-stub / / (52)
* Russia-winter-Olympic-medalist-stub / / (45)
* Canada-winter-Olympic-medalist-stub / / (38)
* Should be capital Ws. Alai 18:52, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
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subtypes by family
These all look OK, on the basis of the corresponding articles. Alai 00:57, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
* 188
* 161
* 84
* 74
* 70
* 68
* Looks good to me. I'm responsible for a good bit of those Lentibulariaceae stubs and more are on the way (to total about 200 or so, mostly in the genus Utricularia). Good work proposing all these. --Rkitko (talk) 01:49, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
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Ancient-Rome-politician-stub (upmerged)
* This one should have been included in my last proposal for creating upmerged -politician templates for various countries, but I forgot to mention it back then. The name conforms with the other templates for Ancient Rome, and it would make sense given that it would cover at least 15 articles with a little more sorting, and quite a few more if the consuls are included. I must also admit that part of my motivation is that I find it very inappropriate to see the EU flag on articles like Gaius Pomponius Graecinus but apparently some editors have concluded that the 12 stars isn't predominantly an EU symbol. I still plan to create upmerged -politician templates for all remaining countries in Europe (give or take one or two of the usual headaches). Valentinian T / C 00:16, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
* Seems fair enough, support. On the template name, I remain dubious about the hyphen for this group: not only do we not have a Rome-politician-stub, if we did, it'd not be a supertype of this stub. The latter consideration is also true of the other "Ancient-Rome-" types. I'd suggest a redirect-preserving move of all. Alai 02:12, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
* I chose the name simply to get consistency with the other templates relating to Ancient Rome. Wouldn't mind if we change the format for the entire lot, though. Technically speaking, we don't have a Rome-politician-stub, but we do have Pope-stub and Bishop-stub. Valentinian T / C 15:30, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
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Pet Care Stub
- pet-care-stub
I'll list 60 articles here, which I have found throughout the site in different stub categories that would be better served here:
Alpo (pet food), American Rabbit Breeders' Association, Aquarium fish feeder, Aquarium furniture, Artemis (pet food), Australian Companion Rabbit Society, Beggin' Strips, British Rabbit Council, Cat Fancy (magazine), Cat tree, Cavapoo, Chew toy, Chuck Wagon (dog food), Diamond Pet Foods, Doane Pet Care, Dog Bakery, Dog bone, Dog Chow, Dog Fancy, Dog toy, Doggie door, Dogs in Canada, Elizabethan collar, Eukanuba, Fish medicine, Flemish Giant, French Lop, Freshwater And Marine Aquarium, Gravy Train (dog food), Hairball, Hamster wheel, Happidog, Heat rock, Herman (rabbit), Hypoallergenic dog breeds, Koi (magazine), Lap dog, Lassie's Pet Vet, Litter robot, Martingale (collar), Meow Mix, Mutt Mitt, ONE (Purina), Organic pet food, Pinnacle (pet food), Pot-bellied pig, Pounce (cat treats), Practical Fishkeeping, Puppy BASICS, Rug (animal covering), Science Diet, Sheba (cat food), Sipper water bottle, Solid Gold (pet food), Tender Vittles, The Blue Buffalo Company, The GoodLife Recipe, Tropical Fish Hobbyist, Undertank heater, Worming
--Procrastinatrix 21:42, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
* Sounds good, though I'd like some debate on the template name - we don't have a "care-stub", so pet-care-stub doesn't seem right. perhaps petcare-stub would be more NG-standard? Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 23:52, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
* Why not the somewhat broader-sounder and simpler pet-stub / ? Many of the above seem only vaguely related to "care", and more like "pets in general". Alai 04:05, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
* Hey, pet-stub works for me. At least it's better than finding some of these articles in stub categories for animals (too general) and agriculture (misleading!). I can't even begin to go through all the animal stubs to see which rodents, birds, reptiles, etc. are actually pet stubs, and not general animal stubs. That area needs a huge overhaul, but that's a project for another day and another Wikipedian. ;-) --Procrastinatrix 20:13, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
* Why not? Because it would imply that it's going to be used for the animals themselves, which it isn't. This isn't a stub for pets, it's one for pet care. I'd oppose that name for that reason. Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 00:14, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
* That'd be the stub analogue of, and what I'm suggesting is the analogue to the permcat , which is inclusive of , , et al, as well as that category. What we once upon a time would have called , and no longer do for all the well-rehearsed reaons. (BTW, there's no .) The template name one could make a case either way about, but I'd not be opposed to additional upmerged templates, on a belt and braces basis. (Though petcare-stub is hardly a model of obviousness, if one hadn't just looked it up, or remembered it existing in that form.) Alai 01:24, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
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subtypes
Usual deal, in any number of respects. Alai 20:14, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
* 469
* 171
* 106
* 77
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subtypes
Oversized, usual reason. Quick and not-too-dirty fix here would be to un-upmerge dragonfly-stub and damselfly-stub to suborder-based subcategories. An alternative would be split out some of the larger families. Alai 01:16, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
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subtypes
In the latest "blindsided by Polbot" episode, these are now oversized. It looks as if by 'tribe' is the most likely basis on which to split; I can't give you much in the way of exact counts, since many of the tribe articles are redlinks, and the new articles seem to generally lack any information as to tribe. Doubtless something will come out in the wash. Failing tribe, we could split by subfamily. Alai 00:26, 5 August 2007 (UTC)
* I'd like to go with subfamilies split into tribes according to Panero and Funk 2002. I'll put my proposal on WP:Plants, though, and you can bring it back here as necessary, as I don't know if there will be enough input here as to subfamilies versus tribes. KP Botany 20:05, 5 August 2007 (UTC)
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Bats, by family
Bats are significantly oversized; I suggest the generic split-by-taxon approach, in this case, family seeming to do the job: One might also throw in the Emballonuridae, at 54; after that, it falls off dramatically. (Two catch-all suborder cats would also be a possibility.) Alai 06:35, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
* 359
* 179
* 176
* 100
* 82
* 74
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MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED, Plaintiff-Appellee, Federation Internationale De Football Association, Defendant-Appellee, v. VISA INTERNATIONAL SERVICE ASSOCIATION, INC., Non-Party-Appellant.
Docket Nos. 06-4433-cv (L), 06-4947-cv(CON).
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
Argued: Nov. 3, 2006.
Decided: Dec. 18, 2006.
Marc E. Ackerman, White & Case LLP (Daren M. Orzechowski, White & Case LLP, and Jay G. Safer, Lord, Bissell & Brook LLP, on the brief), New York, N.Y. for Non-Party-Appellant.
Martin S. Hyman, Golenbock Eiseman Assor Bell & Peskoe LLP, New York, N.Y. (Adam C. Silverstein, Elizabeth A. Jaffe, Shira Franco, Golenbock Eiseman Assor Bell & Peskoe LLP, New York, N.Y. and Noah Hanft, Eileen Simon, Cheryl Givner, Mastercard International Incorporated, Purchase, NY, on the brief) for Plaintiff-Appellee.
Before MINER, POOLER, and KATZMANN, Circuit Judges.
POOLER, Circuit Judge.
Non-party movant-appellant Visa International Service Association (“Visa”) moved to dismiss the underlying action contending that it is a necessary and indispensable party under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 19. Visa also moved to intervene in the action under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 24. Both motions were denied by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Preska, /.). The district court concluded that Visa was neither necessary nor indispensable to the underlying breach of contract action between plaintiff-appellee MasterCard International Incorporated (“MasterCard”) and defendant Federation Internationale de Football Association (“FIFA”). The district court further concluded that Visa failed to satisfy the conditions for intervention under Rule 24. Due to the expedited nature of these proceedings, this court issued an order indicating its disposition in this case on November 6, 2006. As we stated in our order, the appeal originally filed by Visa in docket no. 06^1433 is dismissed for lack of jurisdiction and the district court’s decision is otherwise affirmed. We now issue this opinion explaining our disposition.
BACKGROUND
FIFA is the worldwide governing body of soccer (or football, as it is known outside the United States), and the organizer of the World Cup soccer tournament held every four years. The underlying lawsuit is a breach of contract action brought by MasterCard against FIFA seeking enforcement of an alleged contractual provision giving MasterCard “first right to acquire” exclusive sponsorship rights in its product category for the FIFA World Cup event in 2010 and 2014. MasterCard’s complaint alleges as follows. For the past sixteen years, MasterCard has had a contractual relationship with FIFA to act as a sponsor for the World Cup. MasterCard served as an official sponsor of the World Cup event in 1994, 1998, 2002, and 2006. Although soccer is still catching on among American television audiences, the World Cup is the most-viewed sporting event in the world. The 2002 World Cup drew a cumulative television audience of 28.8 billion viewers from over 200 countries.
In 2002, MasterCard and FIFA entered into a contract by which MasterCard acquired exclusive sponsorship rights in its product category for FIFA competitions between 2003 and 2006, including the 2006 World Cup (“the MasterCard Contract”). This contract also allegedly contained a “first right to acquire” provision that gave MasterCard a right of first refusal to sponsorship rights during the next FIFA sponsorship cycle, covering FIFA competitions from 2007 — 2010. According to MasterCard, under this provision, FIFA may not offer these sponsorship rights to another entity within MasterCard’s product category without first providing MasterCard the opportunity to purchase these rights on comparable terms. Pursuant to this provision, FIFA allegedly offered MasterCard exclusive sponsorship rights for all FIFA competitions between 2007 and 2014, including the 2010 and 2014 World Cups. Negotiations between the parties continued over several months and allegedly culminated with FIFA sending MasterCard a 96-page “final” agreement on March 3, 2006, which MasterCard signed and returned to FIFA.
Meanwhile, FIFA was also in negotiations with Visa regarding these sponsorship rights. On March 30, 2006, MasterCard learned that FIFA had decided to finalize an agreement with Visa. On April 5, 2006, MasterCard received a letter from FIFA’s president stating that FIFA had entered into a contract with Visa granting Visa the exclusive sponsorship rights to FIFA competitions, including the World Cup, through 2014 (“the Visa Contract”). The Visa Contract becomes effective January 1, 2007. Upon learning of the FIFA-Visa deal, MasterCard notified both FIFA and Visa that it considered FIFA’s actions a violation of the right of first refusal provision in the MasterCard Contract and MasterCard would seek legal redress if FIFA went forward with the Visa Contract.
On April 10, 2006, Visa issued a press release announcing its contract with FIFA for exclusive sponsorship rights in the World Cup through 2014. On April 20, 2006, MasterCard filed suit in the Southern District of New York for breach of contract and sought injunctive relief “enjoining FIFA from consummating, effectuating or performing” any terms of the Visa Contract and ordering FIFA to perform its obligations under the alleged contract granting MasterCard exclusive rights through 2014. Federal jurisdiction is premised solely on diversity of citizenship.
On June 15, 2006, MasterCard filed a motion for a preliminary injunction. After FIFA’s motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction and motion to compel arbitration were both denied, the district court scheduled the preliminary injunction hearing for September 18, 2006, and later adjourned it to September 26, 2006. Email communication produced in this case indicates that Visa has been in contact with FIFA regarding this litigation since the time it was filed. On September 11, 2006, two weeks before the preliminary injunction hearing, Visa sent a letter to the district court stating that it was a necessary -and indispensable party to the litigation because of its contractual entitlement to the FIFA sponsorship rights. Visa claimed that because it was an indispensable party, the case must be dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Since MasterCard and Visa are both incorporated under the laws of Delaware, Visa’s join-der would destroy diversity jurisdiction— the sole basis for federal jurisdiction.
The district court construed Visa’s letter submission as a motion to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 19 and scheduled a hearing for September 21, 2006. At the conclusion of that hearing, the district court denied Visa’s motion, finding that Visa was not a necessary party under Rule 19(a), and even assuming that it were, Visa was not an indispensable party under Rule 19(b) requiring dismissal of the action (“Rule 19 Order”). The district court reasoned that because the underlying litigation involved the MasterCard Contract and whether FIFA had breached that contract, Visa’s presence was unnecessary to decide the dispute between MasterCard and FIFA. Moreover, even if MasterCard prevailed in this lawsuit, Visa’s right to sue FIFA for breach of the warranty provision in the Visa Contract would not be prejudiced. Finally, since Visa conceded that it had no knowledge of the negotiations between MasterCard and FIFA or the MasterCard Contract, it would have nothing to contribute to the outcome of that lawsuit. Thus, the district court found that the case could proceed without Visa.
On September 25, 2006, Visa filed a notice of appeal of the district court’s Rule 19 Order. Visa also filed a motion to stay the district court proceedings and a motion for expedited appeal with this court. In addition, Visa filed in the district court a motion to stay and a motion to intervene in the MasterCard-FIFA litigation under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 24. Visa apparently hand-delivered these papers on Friday, September 22, 2006, but they were not received by the district court until Monday, September 25th. On September 25th, the district court denied Visa’s motion to stay. That same day, the district court held a telephonic hearing on Visa’s motion to intervene, and denied that motion as well. The district court also promptly issued a written decision regarding Visa’s motion to intervene (“Rule 24 Order”). See Mastercard Int’l Inc. v. FIFA, No. 06 Civ. 3036, 2006 WL 3065598 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 26, 2006).
Meanwhile, also on September 25th, this court in response to Visa’s emergency motion temporarily stayed the proceedings in the district court pending hearing of Visa’s motion. After hearing oral argument, this court granted Visa’s motion to stay the proceedings for the remainder of the appeal, set an expedited briefing schedule, and placed the appeal on the court’s calendar for November 3, 2006. Approximately ten days before this court was scheduled to hear Visa’s appeal of the Rule 19 Order, Visa filed its notice of appeal of the district court’s Rule 24 Order. Recognizing the overlap of issues presented by these appeals, we ordered consolidation and heard oral argument as scheduled on November 3rd. Cognizant of the impending January 1, 2007 trigger date for the Visa Contract and the need for expeditious resolution of the underlying lawsuit, this court issued an order on November 6, 2006, indicating its disposition in this case, vacating the stay previously granted by this court, and remanding the matter to the district court. We now explain the basis of our decision.
DISCUSSION
I. Jurisdiction
Before we can discuss the merits of Visa’s appeal, we must first establish that we have jurisdiction to do so. See Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env't, 523 U.S. 83, 94, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998) (“On every writ of error or appeal, the first and fundamental question is that of jurisdiction, first, of this court, and then of the court from which the record comes.”) (internal quotation marks omitted). MasterCard contends that we lack jurisdiction to entertain Visa’s original appeal of the Rule 19 Order because it is an uncertified interlocutory appeal. Visa asserts that we have jurisdiction under the collateral order doctrine. Visa cites no case in which this court has entertained an interlocutory appeal of a denial of a motion to dismiss under Rule 19. We too have found no such authority. We attribute the absence of prior case law on this issue to the fact that Visa, as a non-party to the underlying action, should not have been allowed to file a motion to dismiss in the district court. The proper procedure would have been for the district court to construe Visa’s letter submissions as a motion to intervene under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 24. This rule provides the mechanism by which non-parties who believe they have a valid and sufficient interest in a litigation can assert their rights. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 24(a)-(b). Rule 24 explicitly contemplates motions by non-parties. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 24(c) (setting forth procedural requirements for persons seeking to file motions to intervene). We find nothing in the text or notes to Rule 19 that would indicate strangers to an action may file motions to dismiss under that rule.
This is not to say, however, that the district court was prohibited from considering the issue of whether Visa was an indispensable party to the underlying litigation. Because Rule 19 protects the rights of an absentee party, both trial courts and appellate courts may consider this issue sua sponte even if it is not raised by the parties to the action. See, e.g., Manning v. Energy Conversion Devices, Inc., 13 F.3d 606, 609 (2d Cir.1994) (“[E]ven in the absence of an objection under Rule 19(a), we are obliged to consider whether M & N and OSMC are indispensable parties under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 19(b).”); Havana Club Holding, S.A. v. Galleon, S.A., 974 F.Supp. 302, 311 (S.D.N.Y.1997) (“[W]hen a court believes that an absentee may be needed for a just adjudication, it may raise compulsory party joinder on its own motion.”); 7 Charles Alan Wright, Arthur R. Miller, Mary Kay Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1609 (3d ed. 2006) (“[B]oth the trial court and the appellate court may take note of the nonjoinder of an indispensable party sua sponte.”); 4 James Wm. Moore et al., Moore’s Federal Practice — Civil, § 19.02[4][a] (3d ed. 2006) (“The district court may raise compulsory party joinder on its own motion.”); see also Provident Tradesmens Bank & Trust Co. v. Patterson, 390 U.S. 102, 111, 88 S.Ct. 733, 19 L.Ed.2d 936 (1968) (instructing courts to take steps on their own initiative to protect an absentee party); Delgado v. Plaza Las Ams., Inc. 139 F.3d 1, 2 (1st Cir.1998) (rejecting argument that district court lacked jurisdiction to consider Rule 19 issue because “[w]e have squarely held that a district court may raise the issue of nonjoinder sua sponte”); Pickle v. Int’l Oilfield Divers, Inc., 791 F.2d 1237, 1242 (5th Cir.1986) (“[A] Rule 19 objection can even be noticed on appeal by the reviewing court sua sponte.”)', McCowen v. Jamieson, 724 F.2d 1421, 1424 (9th Cir.1984) (Rule 19 issue “is sufficiently important that it can be raised at any stage of the proceedings — even sua sponte.”); Finberg v. Sullivan, 634 F.2d 50, 55 (3d Cir.1980) (in banc) (“[A]n appellate court should consider, on its own motion, any plausible argument that the interest of an absent party requires that party’s join-der.”). Therefore, although the district court erroneously permitted non-party Visa to file a motion to dismiss under Rule 19, the district court was not precluded from considering the issue on its own accord. Since appellate courts have an equal duty to consider compulsory joinder issues sua sponte and ensure that indispensable parties are adequately protected, we will interpret the district court’s decision to entertain Visa’s “motion” as an exercise of its duty to examine Rule 19 issues on its own initiative and will reach the merits of the Rule 19 Order if appellate jurisdiction exists to review that Order.
We agree with MasterCard that the appeal of the Rule 19 Order originally filed by Visa is an uncertified interlocutory appeal that does not fit within the exception created by the collateral order doctrine. The denial of a motion to dismiss is not a final order and is therefore only appealable under the collateral order doctrine. See Bernard v. County of Suffolk, 356 F.3d 495, 501 (2d Cir.2004); see also Merritt v. Shuttle, Inc., 187 F.3d 263, 267 (2d Cir.1999) (“Generally speaking, an order denying a motion to dismiss is interlocutory and hence nonappealable.”); Catlin v. United States, 324 U.S. 229, 236, 65 S.Ct. 631, 89 L.Ed. 911 (1945) (“[Djenial of a motion to dismiss, even when the motion is based upon jurisdictional grounds, is not immediately reviewable.”), superseded by statute on other grounds.
The collateral order doctrine is a “narrow exception to the general rule that interlocutory orders are not appealable as a matter of right.” Schwartz v. City of New York, 57 F.3d 236, 237 (2d Cir.1995). An interlocutory order is appealable under the collateral order doctrine only if it satisfies all of the following conditions: (1) it “conclusively determine[s] the disputed question”; (2) it “resolve[s] an important issue completely separate from the merits of the action;” and (3) it is “effectively unreviewable on appeal from a final judgment.” Whiting v. Lacara, 187 F.3d 317, 320 (2d Cir.1999) (quoting Coopers & Lybrand v. Livesay, 437 U.S. 463, 468, 98 S.Ct. 2454, 57 L.Ed.2d 351 (1978)). The appeal of the Rule 19 Order originally filed by Visa fails the third prong of this test. As Visa has amply demonstrated by its filing of a second appeal, the Rule 19 Order is not “effectively unreviewable on appeal from a final judgment.” The second appeal challenges the district court’s denial of Visa’s motion to intervene. “It is settled law that this Court has jurisdiction over an order denying intervention.” United States v. Peoples Benefit Life Ins. Co., 271 F.3d 411, 413 (2d Cir.2001) (citing N.Y. News, Inc. v. Kheel, 972 F.2d 482, 485 (2d Cir.1992) (“Because a district court’s order denying intervention is a final order, we have appellate jurisdiction.”)); see also Ionian Shipping Co. v. British Law Ins. Co., 426 F.2d 186, 189 (2d Cir.1970) (“[T]he proper and sensible course is to assume that an order denying intervention is final for the purposes of appeal ... ”). Since the substance of the Rule 19 Order is renewable on appeal of the Rule 24 Order, Visa’s original appeal of the Rule 19 Order does not satisfy the collateral order exception and is accordingly dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.
We therefore turn our attention to the second appeal filed by Visa. As indicated above, we have jurisdiction to review the denial of a motion to intervene. See Peoples Benefit Life Ins., 271 F.3d at 413; Kheel, 972 F.2d at 485. Once appellate jurisdiction is established, “we may simultaneously consider another issue not itself entitled to interlocutory review if the otherwise unappealable issue is inextricably intertwined with the appealable one, or if review of the otherwise unappealable issue is necessary to ensure meaningful review of the appealable one.” Merritt, 187 F.3d at 268-69 (internal quotation marks omitted). We find review of the district court’s Rule 19 Order is necessary to ensure meaningful review of the Rule 24 Order. As we explained in Merritt, “[t]he existence of subject matter jurisdiction goes to the very power of the district court to issue the rulings now under consideration ... [0]ur review of the district court’s order ... would be meaningless if the district court was without jurisdiction over that claim in the first instance.” Id. at 269 (citing U.S. Catholic Conference v. Abortion Rights Mobilization, 487 U.S. 72, 77, 108 S.Ct. 2268, 101 L.Ed.2d 69 (1988)); see also San Filippo v. United Bhd. of Carpenters and Joiners of Am., 525 F.2d 508, 513 (2d Cir.1975) (“Where ... there is an appeal otherwise properly before this Court, and the absence of subject matter jurisdiction is suggested, that issue may be reviewed.”), superseded by statute on other groimds. Thus, in Merritt, we first reviewed the otherwise unappealable denial of the defendant’s motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction because it was necessary to ensure meaningful review of the order that was properly before the court. 187 F.3d at 269. The same situation is before us. If the district court’s ruling that Visa is not a necessary and indispensable party is erroneous, then, because Visa’s joinder would destroy diversity jurisdiction, the underlying action must be dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Thus, because the Rule 19 Order implicates the district court’s subject matter jurisdiction over this litigation, we must first examine the correctness of this ruling before we turn to the merits of the Rule 24 Order. See, e.g., Filetech S.A. v. Fr. Telecom S.A., 157 F.3d 922, 929 (2d Cir.1998) (“We are duty-bound, as was the district court, to address the issue of subject matter jurisdiction at the outset.”); Saint John Marine Co. v. United States, 92 F.3d 39, 43 (2d Cir.1996) (“We have the duty to determine whether subject matter jurisdiction exists even if the issue is not presented by the parties.”).
II. Rule 19 Order
We review the district court’s failure to join a party under Rule 19 only for abuse of discretion. See ConnTech Dev. Co. v. Univ. of Conn. Educ. Props., Inc., 102 F.3d 677, 682 (2d Cir.1996). “A district court ‘abuses’ or ‘exceeds’ the discretion accorded to it when (1) its decision rests on an error of law (such as application of the wrong legal principle) or a clearly erroneous factual finding, or (2) its decision — though not necessarily the product of a legal error or clearly erroneous factual finding — cannot be located within the range of permissible decisions.” Jonesfilm v. Lion Gate Int’l, 299 F.3d 134, 139 (2d Cir.2002) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Zervos v. Verizon New York, Inc., 252 F.3d 163, 169 (2d Cir.2001)). A party is “necessary” under Rule 19 if:
(1) in the person’s absence complete relief cannot be accorded among those already parties, or (2) the person claims an interest relating to the subject of the action and is so situated that the disposition of the action in the person’s absence may (i) as a practical matter impair or impede the person’s ability to protect that interest or (ii) leave any of the persons already parties subject to a substantial risk of incurring double, multiple, or otherwise inconsistent obligations by reason of the claimed interest.
Fed.R.Civ.P. 19(a). Visa contends that it fits within all three of these categories. We disagree.
A. Rule 19(a)(1)
A party is necessary under Rule 19(a)(1) only if in that party’s absence “complete relief cannot be accorded among those already parties.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 19(a)(1) (emphasis added). Visa’s absence will not prevent the district court from granting complete relief between MasterCard and FIFA. Visa argues that without it in the case, MasterCard can receive only partial relief because Visa still holds contractual rights to the sponsorship rights and will file suit against FIFA to enforce the Visa Contract. While there is no question that further litigation between Visa and FIFA, and perhaps MasterCard and Visa, is inevitable if MasterCard prevails in this lawsuit, Rule 19(a)(1) is concerned only with those who are already parties. MasterCard can obtain complete relief as to FIFA without Visa’s presence in the case. If MasterCard prevails and is granted its requested relief, FIFA will be enjoined from awarding the sponsorship rights to another party, including Visa. This will resolve the dispute between MasterCard and FIFA, and Visa’s presence is unnecessary to decide those questions. Thus, Visa is not a necessary party under Rule 19(a)(1).
B. Rule 19(a)(2)(i)
We find no abuse of discretion in the district court’s conclusion that Visa was not a necessary party under Rule 19(a)(2)(i). Visa claims that because MasterCard seeks to enjoin FIFA from performing the Visa Contract, its interests are clearly implicated and it is therefore entitled to appear in this litigation. Visa relies primarily on this court’s decision in Crouse-Hinds Co. v. InterNorth, Inc., 634 F.2d 690 (2d Cir.1980), which it characterizes as controlling here. In Crouse-Hinds, the defendant asserted a counterclaim alleging that a proposed merger between the plaintiff and a third party, Belden, was unfair under the business judgment rule because it lacked any legitimate business purpose and was entered into solely to defeat the defendant’s tender offer. Id. at 697 & n. 15. The counterclaim sought to enjoin the merger. Id. On appeal of the district court’s grant of a preliminary injunction, this court noted its disagreement with the district court’s conclusion that Belden was not a necessary party to the action because “Belden’s rights [under the merger agreement] would clearly be prejudiced if the relief sought by InterNorth were to be granted.” Id. at 700-01 (citing Lomayaktewa v. Hathaway, 520 F.2d 1324, 1325 (9th Cir.1975) (“No procedural principle is more deeply imbedded in the common law than that, in an action to set aside a lease or a contract, all parties who may be affected by the determination of the action are indispensable.”)).
Visa’s reliance on this case is misplaced. In Crouse-Hinds, the actual contract involving the absent third party was the basis of the claim. The counterclaim specifically challenged the validity of the merger agreement and sought to set aside that agreement. If the defendant prevailed on this counterclaim, the merger agreement would be deemed invalid, which would presumably affect Belden’s ability to then sue for breach of that agreement or invoke any of the protections in that agreement. Thus, non-party Belden was faced with the possibility of having its contract terminated in its absence. In contrast, in this ease, while the Visa Contract may be affected by this litigation, it is not the contract at issue in MasterCard’s lawsuit. The underlying litigation involves the MasterCard Contract and whether MasterCard had a right of first refusal to the World Cup sponsorship rights. Even if MasterCard prevails and receives the relief it seeks, that does not render the Visa Contract invalid. It means that FIFA likely has breached the warranty provision of that contract, and Visa has the right to sue FIFA for that breach.
Furthermore, in Crouse-Hinds, because the absent non-party was a party to the contract at issue, its ability to protect its interest in that contract would have been seriously impaired if it were not made a party to the action. This places the absentee non-party in Crouse-Hinds in a distinctly different position from Visa, whose contract with FIFA is not at issue here. As the district court correctly found, Visa’s ability to protect its interest in its contract with FIFA will not be impaired if is not joined here. The primary flaw in Visa’s argument is that it has construed Rule 19(a)(2)® to extend to any party whose interests would be impaired or impeded by a litigation. This overlooks a key element of the definition of “necessary” party under Rule 19(a)(2)®. It is not enough under Rule 19(a)(2)® for a third party to have an interest, even a very strong interest, in the litigation. Nor is it enough for a third party to be adversely affected by the outcome of the litigation. Rather, necessary parties under Rule 19(a)(2)® are only those parties whose ability to protect their interests would be impaired because of that party’s absence from the litigation. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 19(a)(2) (defining necessary party as one with an “interest relating to the subject of the action and is so situated that the disposition of the action in the person’s absence may ... as a practical matter impair or impede the person’s ability to protect that interest” (emphasis added)). Thus, while Visa may have an interest that would be impaired by the outcome of this litigation, Visa still does not qualify as a necessary party under Rule 19(a)(2)® because the harm Visa may suffer is not caused by Visa’s absence from this litigation. Any such harm would result from FIFA’s alleged conduct in awarding Visa sponsorship rights it could not legally give. We would be significantly broadening both Rule 19(a)(2)® and the principle discussed in Crouse-Hinds if we found that because the outcome of this case may impact a separate contract involving a different party, that finding would transform the action into “an action to set aside a lease or a contract.” Crouse-Hinds, 634 F.2d at 701 (quoting Lomayaktewa, 520 F.2d at 1325). Crouse-Hinds involved an actual .action to set aside a contract; here we have an action that could in the future impact a third party’s rights under a separate contract. We, therefore, do not find Crouse-Hinds controlling here and decline to broaden its scope to reach the facts before us, particularly since doing so would read a key element out of the text of Rule 19(a)(2)®.
Visa also relies on several cases that recite the general proposition that a party who claims title to a piece of property that is the subject of an action has sufficient interest in the action to justify compulsory joinder, and urges us to follow that reasoning here. Visa attempts to characterize this case as if it were a proceeding to determine the rightful owner of a piece of property to which MasterCard and Visa have competing claims. While we have held in cases involving this factual scenario that all claimants to the property at issue are necessary parties to the action, see, e.g., Brody v. Village of Port Chester, 345 F.3d 103, 117-19 (2d Cir.2003) (holding that in action by property owner to recover land taken by eminent domain, current titleholder to land might be necessary party if district court were to restore land to plaintiff); Kulawy v. United States, 917 F.2d 729, 736 (2d Cir.1990) (holding that in an action to quiet title by aggrieved tax payer against government seeking to recover automobiles sold to satisfy tax lien, purchasers of automobiles were necessary parties), we do not find this reasoning applicable here. In Brody and Kulawy, the district courts were required to determine who among several parties had title to a piece of property. Thus, the district court could not grant the relief sought— declaring the plaintiff the titleholder — in the absence of the current or competing titleholders to that piece of property. As MasterCard correctly notes, the MasterCard-FIFA dispute is not an in rem proceeding between competing claimants with the district court tasked with deciding who has superior rights to a piece of property. The district court only need decide whether MasterCard has a right of first refusal under its prior contract with FIFA. While this has the effect of determining who will get the sponsorship rights, that does not transform this case into an in rem proceeding nor does it place Visa in the same position as MasterCard as a competing claimant. Unfortunately for Visa, there is nothing it can do about the fact that MasterCard’s prior contractual rights with FIFA may preclude FIFA’s ability to grant the sponsorship rights to Visa. Visa’s problems here are due to FIFA’s alleged actions, not Visa’s absence from this litigation. Nor will its absence prevent Visa from seeking the only remedy available to it if MasterCard indeed has a right of first refusal to the sponsorship rights: Visa can sue FIFA for breach of the warranty provision in the Visa Contract. For these reasons, we find the district court properly rejected Visa’s contention that it is a necessary party under Rule 19(a)(2)(i).
C. Rule 19(a)(2)(ii)
The district court’s conclusion that Visa does not satisfy Rule 19(a)(2)(ii) is also not an abuse of discretion. Visa presents us with the following scenario: MasterCard prevails in the underlying lawsuit and is granted injunctive relief that prohibits FIFA from performing its obligations under the Visa Contract; Visa then sues FIFA for breach of the warranty provision in the Visa Contract seeking specific performance; Visa prevails and is granted specific performance requiring FIFA to perform its obligations under the Visa Contract. According to Visa, the possibility exists that FIFA could be under court order to perform the Visa Contract and under court order not to perform the Visa Contract, and this potential for inconsistent obligations renders Visa a necessary party to this litigation. Once again, Visa is ignoring a critical element in Rule 19(a)(2)(ii): the substantial risk of inconsistent obligations must be caused by the nonparty’s absence in the case. See Fed. R.Civ.P. 19(a)(2) (defining necessary party as one with an interest related to the action who “is so situated that the disposition of the action in the person’s absence may ... leave any of the persons already parties subject to a substantial risk of incurring double, multiple, or otherwise inconsistent obligations by reason of the claimed interest” (emphasis added)). FIFA’s risk of multiple obligations to different parties is not a result of Visa’s absence in this lawsuit; it is the result of FIFA allegedly breaching its contract with MasterCard and awarding Visa sponsorship rights it was contractually prohibited from granting. Visa’s presence in this lawsuit will not remedy that fact. Whether Visa is or is not a party in the underlying lawsuit, FIFA and Visa will litigate their dispute under their contract later on down the road if MasterCard prevails here. Visa cannot re-litigate and undo a finding in this case that the MasterCard Contract contains a right of first refusal or that FIFA breached its contract with MasterCard since these issues admittedly have nothing to do with Visa.
We are also not persuaded that the scenario envisioned by Visa, in which the court below enjoins FIFA from performing the Visa Contract while a subsequent court orders FIFA to perform the Visa Contract, presents a “substantial risk” of inconsistent obligations, as required by Rule 19(a)(2)(ii). It is difficult to believe that a subsequent tribunal faced with a party under a prior courUordered injunction will nevertheless order that party to perform the very obligations a prior court has prohibited it from performing. While Visa is correct that it will not be bound by any injunction entered in the underlying litigation in its absence, FIFA is certainly bound by any such injunction and a subsequent proceeding will have to recognize and respect the injunction ordered by the district court in this case. It is worth noting that FIFA, the party supposedly facing this grave predicament, has not advanced the argument that it would be prejudiced by Visa’s absence from this case. FIFA never raised the Rule 19 defense before the district court, it did not join in Visa’s motion below, and it has not participated in any way in the proceedings before this court. If FIFA actually believed it would suffer prejudice if Visa is not a party in this case, it surely would have had something to say on this point.
For these reasons, we cannot say that the district court’s conclusion that Visa is not a necessary party under Rule 19(a)(2)(ii) was an abuse of discretion. Having found that Visa satisfies none of the three criteria for compulsory joinder, we affirm the district court’s decision that Visa is not a necessary party under Rule 19(a).
D. Rule 19(b)
The district court also found that even assuming Visa were a necessary party, it was not indispensable under Rule 19(b). Since we affirm the district court’s conclusion that Visa is a not a necessary party, we need not discuss whether the district court properly found that Visa was not an indispensable party. See Viacom Int’l, Inc. v. Kearney, 212 F.3d 721, 724 (2d Cir.2000) (“If a party does not qualify as necessary under Rule 19(a), then the court need not decide whether its absence warrants dismissal under Rule 19(b).”); see also Jonesfilm, 299 F.3d at 139 (“A party cannot be indispensable unless it is a ‘necessary party’ under Rule 19(a).”). Accordingly, we reject the challenge to the district court’s subject matter jurisdiction over the underlying action.
III. Rule 24 Order
We now turn to the district court’s order denying Visa’s motion to intervene under Rule 24. Intervention as of right under Rule 24(a)(2) is granted when all four of the following conditions are met: (1) the motion is timely; (2) the applicant asserts an interest relating to the property or transaction that is the subject of the action; (3) the applicant is so situated that without intervention, disposition of the action may, as a practical matter, impair or impede the applicant’s ability to protect its interest; and (4) the applicant’s interest is not adequately represented by the other parties. See United States v. Pitney Bowes, Inc., 25 F.3d 66, 70 (2d Cir.1994). The district court found that Visa’s motion was untimely. See MasterCard, 2006 WL 3065598, at *1-2. The district court also noted that, for the reasons stated at the hearing on the Rule 19 motion, Visa failed to satisfy the other conditions as well. Id. at *3. We will reverse a district court’s denial of a motion to intervene only for abuse of discretion. See Pitney Bowes, 25 F.3d at 69 (noting that deferential review is appropriate since motions to intervene are fact-intensive inquiries and a district court “has the advantage of having a better ‘sense’ of the case than we do on appeal”).
We find no abuse of discretion in the district court’s decision to deny Visa’s motion to intervene. First, even assuming Visa’s motion was timely, if a party is not “necessary” under Rule 19(a), then it cannot satisfy the test for intervention as of right under Rule 24(a)(2). As Visa conceded during oral argument, these provisions contain overlapping language and thus if it failed to satisfy Rule 19(a), it could not satisfy Rule 24(a)(2). Rule 19(a)(2)© applies if a person “claims an interest relating to the subject of the action and is so situated that the disposition of the action in the person’s absence may as a practical matter impair or impede the person’s ability to protect that interest.” Similarly, Rule 24(a)(2) provides for intervention as of right “when the applicant claims an interest relating to the property or transaction which is the subject of the action and the applicant is so situated that the disposition of the action may as a practical matter impair or impede the person’s ability to protect that interest, unless the applicant’s interest is adequately represented by existing parties.” These rules are intended to mirror each other. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 24 advisory committee’s note (“Intervention of right is here seen to be a kind of counterpart to Rule 19(a)(2)(i).... The [1966] amendment provides that an applicant is entitled to intervene in an action when his position is comparable to that of a person under Rule 19(a)(2)(i).”); 4 James Wm. Moore et al., Moore’s Federal Practice — Civil, § 19.03(3)(f)(i) (3d ed. 2006) (“[C]ompulsory joinder under the ‘impair or impede’ clause of Rule 19 serves the same goal as intervention of right under Rule 24. Indeed, the operative language of the two Rules is identical because the Rules were revised to emphasize their interrelationship in 1966.”) (internal citation omitted). As we discussed in Section II.B supra, Visa does not satisfy the definition of necessary party under Rule 19(a)(2)(i) because its absence from this litigation is not the cause of any harm to its interests. Nor will Visa’s presence allow it to protect those interests. This finding also forecloses Visa’s ability to intervene under Rule 24(a)(2). Visa must establish not only that it has an interest relating to the subject of the action but also that it “is so situated that without intervention the disposition of the action may, as a practical matter, impair or impede [Visa’s] ability to protect its interest.” Pitney Bowes, 25 F.3d at 70 (emphasis added). Visa’s ability to protect its interest will not be impaired or impeded because it is denied intervention in this case. As we have discussed, any harm to Visa’s interests would result from FIFA’s alleged conduct in breaching its contract with MasterCard and granting the sponsorship rights to Visa. And Visa cannot change this fact through intervention here since it is a stranger to the contractual dispute between MasterCard and FIFA.
Furthermore, we agree with the district court that Visa’s motion to intervene was untimely. Factors to consider in determining timeliness include: “(a) the length of time the applicant knew or should have known of [its] interest before making the motion; (b) prejudice to existing parties resulting from the applicant’s delay; (c) prejudice to [the] applicant if the motion is denied; and (d) [the] presence of unusual circumstances militating for or against a finding of timeliness.” United States v. New York, 820 F.2d 554, 557 (2d Cir.1987). The district court properly found that these factors weigh against Visa. First, as the district court noted, Visa has known of MasterCard’s position that it has prior claim to the sponsorship rights since the time this litigation began in April 2006. Visa has been in contact with FIFA throughout the course of this litigation, and MasterCard’s complaint and other filings, including its motion for preliminary injunctive relief filed in June, are publicly available for anyone to access. Nevertheless, Visa did not file its motion to intervene until the eve of the preliminary injunction hearing. See, e.g., D'Amato v. Deutsche Bank, 236 F.3d 78, 84 (2d Cir.2001) (noting that “[a]ppellant offers no explanation for waiting to file his intervention motion until three days prior to the Fairness Hearing” in finding motion to intervene untimely). Considering that Visa argued in support of its Rule 19 motion that it has a significant interest in this litigation that will be gravely prejudiced if the matter proceeds in its absence, the district court could properly find Visa’s delay unjustified. Second, Visa’s delay has resulted in prejudice to the existing parties because it has postponed resolution of the MasterCard-FIFA dispute, which, due to the impending January 1, 2007, trigger date for the Visa Contract, prejudices all parties. Finally, as we have discussed at length, Visa is not prejudiced if it is denied intervention since its absence from the litigation is not the cause of any harm Visa may suffer if MasterCard prevails in this lawsuit.
Accordingly, the district court could properly find Visa’s motion to intervene untimely. For this reason, we also find no abuse of discretion in the district court’s decision denying Visa permissive intervention under Rule 24(b). “A motion for permissive intervention, like one for intervention of right, must be timely.” Catanzano by Catanzano v. Wing, 103 F.3d 223, 234 (2d Cir.1996); see also NAACP v. New York, 413 U.S. 345, 365, 93 S.Ct. 2591, 37 L.Ed.2d 648 (1973) (“Whether intervention be claimed of right or as permissive, it is at once apparent, from the initial words of both Rule 24(a) and Rule 24(b), that the application must be ‘timely.’ If it is untimely, intervention must be denied.”). Thus, we affirm the district court’s order denying Visa’s motion to intervene under Rule 24.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we dismiss the appeal originally filed by Visa of the district court’s Rule 19 Order, reject Visa’s argument that the district court lacks subject matter jurisdiction because Visa is a necessary and indispensable party, affirm the district court’s Rule 24 Order, vacate the stay previously granted by this court, and remand the matter to the district court.
. Although listed in the official caption as an "appellee,” defendant FIFA did not oppose or join in the motions below, nor did it participate in this appeal.
. Since Visa’s concerns only arise if MasterCard prevails in the underlying lawsuit, we recite the facts as alleged in MasterCard’s complaint. We, of course, express no opinion as to the merit of these allegations.
. Although Visa had stressed the need for speedy resolution of these matters when it requested expedited review from this court, it then chose to wait until the last possible day to file its appeal of the Rule 24 Order.
. Both parties stated during oral argument that additional briefing on the appeal of the Rule 24 Order was not needed.
. MasterCard argues that Visa did not articulate this theory to the district court and therefore cannot raise it here for the first time. As we discussed above, Rule 19 issues may be raised for the first time on appeal, and therefore we need not decide whether Visa properly raised this argument below.
. In addition, there is no dispute that complete relief can be granted without Visa’s presence if FIFA prevails in the underlying lawsuit.
. For its part, MasterCard contends that this case is governed by our decision in ConnTech Dev. Co. v. Univ. of Conn. Educ. Props., Inc., 102 F.3d 677 (2d Cir.1996). We do not agree that ConnTech is applicable here. While that case did state the general rule that a "nonparty to a commercial contract ordinarily is not a necessary party to an adjudication of rights under the contract,” the absent non-party in that case, the State of Connecticut, had explicitly disclaimed any interest in the proceeding or in the contracts at issue in the litigation by deliberately including language in the contracts that appeared to disavow any such interest. Id. at 682-83. Thus, the court found that the "express language of [the contract at issue] clearly demonstrates that Connecticut, ConnTech and UCEPI all intended to keep Connecticut at arm’s length.” Id. at 683. In this case, of course, Visa has vigorously claimed an interest in the underlying lawsuit.
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Page:Bird-lore Vol 04.djvu/43
22 Bird - Lore
Pennsylvania, central and northern New York, and Ontario, to western Massachusetts, Vermont and New Hampshire. and appears to he yearly extending its range eastward, In winter it ranges southward to South Carolina and Texas.
Sultan—The Horned Lark is found in the middle-eastern states as a winter Visitant between October and May. The Prairie Horned Lark is resident throughout the larger part of its breeding range, but wanders southward between October and Aprilr
Calvin—Larks are almost invariably colored dull brownish, gray, or sandy above and. vith few exceptions, are whitish streaked or blotched with black below.
Size.-The average size of Larks is from 7 to 8 inches, few species being much smaller than these dimensions
[ix/(rim! Structm-v.—An unusually long hind toe-nail is the common characteristic of almost all Larks: the back of the tarsus is rounded; the outer primary is usually short or rudimentary. the bill, in our species, is rounded and rather slender, and in the genus Otatarj‘x a pair of feather- tufts or "horns " appears on the sides of the head.
zip/mummy and Habitt.—Larks are terrestrial and consequently are walkers, not hoppers. They inhabit open tracts of country, where, after the nesting season, they usually are found in flocks. The Horned Larks have the outer tail feathers marked with white, which shows when the bird takes flight—an excellent field-mark, which, however, is also pos— sessed by the Vesper Sparrow.
Sang.—Great variability is exhibited in the songs of Larks, the Sky Lark having vocal powers which have made it famous, while some species are comparatively unmusical. As a rule, however, they all agree in sing- ing on the wing, as is customary among terrestrial species which do not mount to a perch when uttering their song.
FAMILY 3, CROWS AND JAYS. Cora/ides. 6 species, 3 subspecies.
Range.—The nearly 200 Crows and Jays known to science are found in all parts of the world except New Zealand. They are more common in the northern than in the southern hemisphere, and in America no Crows, and comparatively few Jays, are found south of the' Isthmus of Panama.
Stator—Changing the nature of their food as circumstances require, Crows and Jays are usually resident wherever found. Our Crows and Blue Jays, however, migrate and are less common, or wanting, at the northern limit of their range in winter than in summer.
C0[DI‘.—CI'OWS and their near allies are, as a rule, entirely or largely black; Jays are usually more or less brightly colored, blue being varied with black and white, being a common type of coloration. In both groups the sexes are essentially alike in color. | WIKI |
Walter Dorning Beckton
Walter Dorning Beckton (1866 – 17 or 18 March 1931) was a British philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1921. He was a Manchester solicitor by profession in the firm of Hockin, Beckton & Hockin.
Collecting
Beckton began to collect stamps as a boy in 1879. Greece and Italy were two of his particular interests and in competitive philately he won medals for his Greece, Straits Settlements, Japan, British West Indies, and Romania. He won the Lindenberg Medal in 1931.
Organised philately
Beckton was one of the Manchester school of philately which advocated the scientific study of all aspects of stamp production including paper, watermark, printing and perforation. He was president of the Manchester Philatelic Society for thirty-five years consecutively. He joined The Royal Philatelic Society London in February 1892, eventually becoming president of that society from 1929 until his death in 1931. He was also vice-president of the International Philatelic Union. He wrote extensively on philately and was a regular contributor to the Philatelic Journal of Great Britain and other philatelic periodicals.
Legacy
Beckton's death was unexpected, reportedly from "angina pectoris", over the night of 17–18 March 1931 while he was still president of the Royal. He was survived by a sister and brother. His collection of philatelic literature of over 900 volumes was donated to the Manchester public library in 1934 where it is still available as the Beckton Philatelic Library. His collection of Greece was auctioned by H.R. Harmer in two sales of 1935 and 1936.
Selected publications
Selected papers and articles reprinted from The London Philatelist:
* The Stamps of Greece. Plymouth: W. Brendon and Son, 1897. (with G. Duerst)
* Philatelic Nomenclature as Applicable to Lithographed Postage Stamps, 1928. (Paper given at the Philatelic Congress of Great Britain).
* British Honduras: The Local Surcharges of January 1888. Plymouth: Mayflower Press, 1925.
* The Carlist Stamps of Spain & Further note on the reprints. c.1927.
* Italy – The 15 Centesimi of May 1863. 1928. | WIKI |
From: Gerhard Sittig Date: Mon, 17 Jan 2022 18:44:24 +0000 (+0100) Subject: sigrok-cross-mingw: Temporarily unbreak Windows CI builds in dirty ways. X-Git-Url: http://sigrok.org/gitweb/?p=sigrok-util.git;a=commitdiff_plain;h=HEAD sigrok-cross-mingw: Temporarily unbreak Windows CI builds in dirty ways. A typical use of the cross-compile scripts are CI builds, which currently fail in the Python tarball download step. Disable certificate checks when sigrok.org build machines fetch data from the sigrok.org site. Keep the Zadig download unaffected. Another typical use is the convenient local compilation from source at users' sites, which should be rare since nightlies are available, while developers don't run the cross-compile scripts which are designed for single shots instead of multiple iterations including local source code modifications. Which should make this change acceptable for this use case as well, and happens to unbreak it, too. Add a TODO comment, ideally this commit soon gets reverted. --- diff --git a/cross-compile/mingw/sigrok-cross-mingw b/cross-compile/mingw/sigrok-cross-mingw index dbbaa3a..2a4b29d 100755 --- a/cross-compile/mingw/sigrok-cross-mingw +++ b/cross-compile/mingw/sigrok-cross-mingw @@ -107,6 +107,11 @@ mkdir -p $PREFIX $ECHO "preparing Python dependency ..." +# This is a HACK which temporarily unbreaks Windows CI builds. +# TODO Remove this line as well as $WGET_SR references below +# when the Python34 download works again. +WGET_SR="$WGET --no-check-certificate" + # Cross-compiling Python is highly non-trivial, so we avoid it for now. # The download below is a repackaged tarball of the official Python 3.4.4 MSI # installer for Windows: @@ -114,7 +119,7 @@ $ECHO "preparing Python dependency ..." # - https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.4.4/python-3.4.4.amd64.msi # The MSI file has been installed on a Windows box and then c:\Python34\libs # and c:\Python34\include have been stored in the Python34_*.tar.gz tarball. -$WGET http://www.sigrok.org/tmp/Python34_$TARGET.tar.gz -O $PREFIX/Python34.tar.gz +$WGET_SR http://www.sigrok.org/tmp/Python34_$TARGET.tar.gz -O $PREFIX/Python34.tar.gz tar xzf $PREFIX/Python34.tar.gz -C $PREFIX # Fix for bug #1195. @@ -143,8 +148,8 @@ EOF # The file python34.zip contains all files from the 'DLLs', 'Lib', and 'libs' # subdirectories from an installed Python on Windows (c:\python34), i.e. some # libraries and all Python stdlib modules. -$WGET http://www.sigrok.org/tmp/python34_$TARGET.dll -O $PREFIX/python34.dll -$WGET http://www.sigrok.org/tmp/python34_$TARGET.zip -O $PREFIX/python34.zip +$WGET_SR http://www.sigrok.org/tmp/python34_$TARGET.dll -O $PREFIX/python34.dll +$WGET_SR http://www.sigrok.org/tmp/python34_$TARGET.zip -O $PREFIX/python34.zip # In order to link against Python we need libpython34.a. # The upstream Python 32bit installer ships this, the x86_64 installer | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Father and Daughter, Mistaken for Deer, Are Fatally Shot, Officials Say
The man and his 9-year-old daughter were shot while hunting on New Year’s Day in South Carolina. A South Carolina man and his daughter were killed after they were mistaken for deer and were shot during a New Year’s Day hunt, the authorities said. The victims were among four hunters who “were attempting to move deer, also known as driving deer, near Barracada Road in Walterboro when two hunters were shot after being mistaken for a deer,” according to a statement released by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. It was not clear whether they were wearing brightly colored safety gear. David Lucas, a department spokesman, said the details of the shooting would not be released until the investigation was complete. The department did not release the names of any of the hunters. Richard M. Harvey, the Colleton County coroner, said the victims were Kim Drawdy, 30, and Mr. Drawdy’s daughter Lauren, 9. Mr. Harvey said the father and daughter were shot with a shotgun. Their autopsies will be performed on Sunday. “They were deer hunting, so they were using what we would call buckshot,” he said. The shooting took place about half a mile into the woods in Colleton County, about 50 miles west of Charleston, according to Colleton County Fire-Rescue, which responded to the scene. “I was devastated,” Mr. Drawdy’s brother Benny told WIS-TV in Columbia. “I couldn’t believe it when I got the news. I said, ‘It couldn’t be.’ It broke my heart and I couldn’t believe it.” The father and daughter shared a love for the outdoors, Johnny Powell, who said he lived near the family, told WCIV-TV in Charleston. “They were just, you know, side by side,” he said. “She loved him to death, and he loved her.” The girl was a fourth grader at Cottageville Elementary School, according to the Colleton County School District. “We are devastated by this news, and we send our deepest sympathies to Lauren’s family,” the school district said in a statement. The district said it would have a support team in place at the school on Jan. 6 to help students process her death. South Carolina has four game zones. Hunting season began on Aug. 15 and ended on Wednesday where the Drawdy family was. Licenses and permits are required for hunting in the state. Before they can obtain hunting licenses, people born after June 30, 1979, are required to successfully complete a hunter education course approved by the state. Children under 16 are not required to have a license, according to Mr. Lucas of the Department of Natural Resources. “They typically would be under the supervision of an older family member or mentor,” he said. South Carolina has several hunting accidents each year, according to Mr. Lucas. In 2018, there were 16 hunting accidents, he said. Eleven of those involved firearms, which resulted in two deaths. He said he didn’t know the total number of accidents for the 2019 season, which ended on Wednesday. In November, a 9-year-old boy died after he was shot by his father as they were rabbit-hunting in Orangeburg County. “Any accident is bad and a fatality, doubly so, but when it’s a young person, I think it really hits everyone hard in the hunting community,” Mr. Lucas said. “Everyone is thinking about the family now.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Lucy Weber
Lucy McVitty Weber (born August 5, 1952) is a Democratic member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, representing the Cheshire 1st District since 2006.
Weber went to the Vermont Law School and practices law in Vermont. | WIKI |
Women in Ragtime
When you think about Ragtime, you should automatically think of the piano. As it can be defined as a genre of musical composition for the piano. This composition was specific to the duple meter – a primary division of 2 beats to the bar, it also contained a highly syncopated treble over a steady bass. A composition for ragtime is typically devised with three to four juxtapose strains, each measuring 16 or 32.
Many might wonder why the highlight of women in this genre, but this was a time when women had to conform to many societal standards. The women of Ragtime were able to set the bar for all women that succeeded them. Ragtime lasted a total of 24 years, from 1896-1920.
We are currently in the 21st century, where women are still fighting for equality in many aspects of life – imagine what they were going through more than a century before. During the late 1800’s, and well into the 1900’s women weren’t valued. We were thought to be submissive, fragile, obedient, and dependent on our husbands for protection and finances. A woman’s job was to serve her man, nurture the kids and maintain a household. Well, the women in Ragtime showed them who’s boss.
Among the greats was Anita Owen, a successful publisher and composer of ragtime music. Born the daughter of a music teacher and composer, she grew a knack for the music industry. With her tingling fingers and an ear for music, Anita started to make big bank. She sold her first composition around the 15 or 16 – “Sweet Bunch of Daisies”, which sold over one million copies. After word of her success spread, female artists from all around began to follow suit. It was as though she had unlocked a trapped door. And there, the musical industry for women began.
Anita not only sang and played the piano, she was versed in every arena of the music industry. Before she was out of her teens, her father helped her become established as a composer. She started her own company called the Wabash Music Company, where she was able to not only compose but publish and distribute music as well. Now this isn’t all, in years to come, Anita discovered another hidden talent of hers. She realized that she was fully capable of writing lyrics. Resultantly, from the 1900’s on, she wrote the lyrics to all her songs in addition to their compositions.
In later years, Anita sold her company and moved to New York. The new owner not only acquired rights to her works, but also her (the composer). Therefore, though she was in New York he remained the publisher of her music. She also worked closely with a company in her new hometown, in which she agreed to write a total of ten songs per year. As a result, Owen was generating a yearly income greater than any professionally working woman of her time. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Page:American Journal of Sociology Volume 6.djvu/53
SOCIAL CONTROL 39
If it is the schemer or the gallant that is their darling, he will be the hero of their epics. If they prize ease or risk or sensual gratification, they will never sing the praises of meditation and prayer.
How changed this same people in the later stages of its social development ! Gone is the genuineness and raciness of song and tale. From being sporadic the culture has become uniform ; from being local it has become national ; from being popular it has become social. Proverb and folk-lore with their frank note of cunning and self-seeking are more and more thrust out of sight. The literature and religion bear the stamp of a superior class engaged in maintaining a higher ethics than the folk cares for. The culture ceases to fit, for they have made it celebrate new pleasures and set up new goals. Popular forms of expression die out, but the literary guilds and the learned clans fail to utter what is in the heart of the people. A rift has opened. To idealize is no longer the same as to idolize. The type most praised or sung is an acquired taste. Literature honors the just man, but the multitude bows to the man of suc- cess. The saint gets the shrines, but the gladiator or bull fighter gets the crowds. The hero of duty gets the monuments and biographies, but it is the boss or money-maker that the people acclaim and want to resemble. A people that would love to be like Solomon has Isaiah's "Servant of Yahweh" set before it as its model. The Arabs at one time have Antar as their pattern, but in a few generations it is the "servant of Allah" they are called upon to imitate. The Hindus, still Vedic in temper, have set before them the ideals of the Upanishads. Under the pressure of Christian missionaries the Germans suffer their old folk ethos to be partly displaced by Semitic-Latin ideals devel- oped under wholly alien conditions. In such cases the ideals crowned are a little like constitutional monarchs : They reign, but they do not govern. 1
Now, the age of hypocrisy begins with a hardening of ideals that run counter to the common inclination. There opens a gap between social ethos and folk ethos, and, though the latter gradu- ally rises, the gap is never quite closed. In Israel the mainstay | WIKI |
0
I've defined a hash like so in my nodes.pp:
net::addr { "eth5":
rt => {
rt1 => {
address => '192.168.10.0',
netmask => '255.255.255.0',
gateway => '192.5.28.19',
src => '192.5.28.21'
},
}
What I can't get to access is the title of the hash in my templates, so I want to print out the title of the hash i.e. "eth5", how can I do that? Also I have a variable called $int in my define class in the file for my module (/etc/puppet/modules/net/addr.pp), how can I access that using the scope.lookupvar function from this template in the same module?
Thanks Dan
2
• In the case of that example, the eth5 is the title of the resource being defined, not related to the hash variable being used as a parameter to the resource - can you clarify how this this fits in with the defined type you're using? – Shane Madden Feb 21 '13 at 7:41
• Hi Shane, I'm using the following in my class: define addr::net ($route={},){$int = $name file { "routes-${name}": ensure => 'present', mode => '0655', owner => 'root', group => 'root', path=> "/opt/routes/route-${name}", content => template('net/routes-temp.erb'),}. In my templates file I can't don't know how to access this $int or $name variable from my templates alternatively how would I access the title from my template? Thanks Dan – Dan Feb 21 '13 at 9:36
0
The variables set in the defined type are available as local scope variables to the contents of a template.
Simply using <%= title %> or <%= int %> in the template should be using the variable that was set for that specific instance of the defined type.
0
In your example, you should be using the namevar, $name.
For example, if you define a resource like this:
objecttype { "namevar": parameter=>"value" }
Then the variables will be set thusly:
$name = "namevar"
$parameter = "value"
Within templates called from the define, these can be simply referred to a $name and $parameter (but watch out for reserved words!).
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Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Manual of the New Zealand Flora.djvu/436
396
Herbs or shrubs, usually with milky juice. Leaves alternate, seldom opposite, entire or toothed, rarely lobed or dissected; stipules wanting. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, regular or irregular. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; limb 4–6- usually 5-lobed. Corolla gamopetalous, epigynous, regular or irregular and split to the base at the back, 4–6-lobed; lobes valvate, often induplicate. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and alternate with them, epigynous or more rarely inserted on the tube of the corolla; anthers free or united into a tube. Ovary inferior, rarely semi-superior, 2–5-celled; style single; stigmatic lobes as many as cells to the ovary; ovules numerous, anatropous, placentas in the inner angles of the cells. Fruit a capsule or berry. Seeds numerous, small; albumen fleshy; embryo straight, axile; radicle next the hilum.
A tall erect leafy herb, often woody at the base. Leaves large, alternate, doubly serrate. Flowers large, in terminal racemes. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, limb 5-partite. Corolla oblique, curved, split to the base at the back, 2-lipped; upper lip of 2 linear acute lobes, lower of 3 oblong spreading ones. Stamens exserted; filaments pubescent, free for the greater part of their length; anthers cohering into a tube, pilose on the connective and at the | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/James Wells (activist)
The result was delete. The primary editor would have been a good candidate for notification, but since they have not edited at all since June, this is little grounds for holding up consensus. Courcelles 22:37, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
James Wells (activist)
* – ( View AfD View log • )
That James Well was an "activist" is a bit of a stretch. Only real notability was his relation to Ida Wells. Marcus Qwertyus 21:00, 22 September 2010 (UTC)
* Delete. WP:NOTINHERITED Jeremy McClean (Talk) 22:08, 22 September 2010 (UTC)
* Delete but a sentence or two summary in Ida B. Wells would be fine. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 22:32, 22 September 2010 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. --E♴ (talk) 02:00, 23 September 2010 (UTC)
* Delete per nom, but agree with Andrew L. above that some of the basic info could be added to Ida B. Wells. Keristrasza (talk) 09:17, 23 September 2010 (UTC)
* Delete as there is absolutely no notability, which can not be inherited. Armbrust Talk Contribs 15:54, 23 September 2010 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of People-related deletion discussions. -- • Gene93k (talk) 16:50, 23 September 2010 (UTC)
* Comment - The significant editor of this article Jpatros was not notified, that's a pity since they may have been in the best position to provide evidence for notability. -- CáliKewlKid (talk) 08:47, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Mysterious 66th Street NYC building at center of Jeffrey Epstein web
An apartment building on the Upper East Side of Manhattan has been home for years to young models, girlfriends, pilots, and lawyers associated with multimillionaire sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.Almost all the apartments in the building are owned by Epstein's brother, the real-estate developer Mark Epstein. He purchased them from the billionaire Leslie Wexner, Jeffrey Epstein's only known client.Residents have repeatedly spotted former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak visiting the building.MC2, the modeling agency Epstein invested in, used the apartments to house overseas models. MC2's founder, Jean-Luc Brunel, had an apartment there.Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.Before his extended stay in New York's Metropolitan Correctional Center began in July, disgraced sex offender Jeffrey Epstein dwelled in some of the city's most exclusive real estate, laying his head in a palatial Upper East Side townhouse and conducting his mysterious business out of a landmarked mansion on Madison Avenue.But it hasn't been all private islands and 7,000-acre ranches for the half-billionaire. For decades Epstein has run some of his operations quietly out of a squat Second Avenue residential building owned by his brother, Mark Epstein, and frequently visited by the former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak.According to property records and court filings, Jeffrey Epstein has long housed girlfriends, associates, employees, and businesses in a handful of units at 301 East 66th St. There are 200 units at the address, and the majority of them are owned on paper by his brother's development firm, Ossa Properties. While Ossa nominally owns the units connected to Jeffrey Epstein, the aforementioned records and filings show that Epstein effectively controls them. A light-filled lobby on a less upscale block
The postwar white-brick high-rise sits atop a nail salon, a coffee shop, and an Italian restaurant along a traffic-choked stretch of Second Avenue. Topped by a green canopy, the front door opens to a doorman guarding a hallway that leads to a light-filled lobby decorated with two couches and an armchair. Though the building shares a ZIP code with Epstein's townhouse, its share of the neighborhood east of Park Avenue is less upscale, catering more to families and young professionals than foreign heads of state.Some of Epstein's activity at the apartment building appears to be business-related: New York state corporate registrations tie 9 East 71, an LLC named after his townhouse, and NES LLC, which owns the townhouse and pays his pilots' paychecks, to the building.Over the years, he's assigned units in the building to his house managers, and used two one-bedrooms to house his pilots during New York layovers. In the next-door garage, attached to 301 East 66th St. by a private entrance, he stored a Chevrolet Tahoe.The agency that Epstein invested in housed underage models '4 girls to an apartment'Over the years, a number of Epstein's friends have also called 301 East 66th St. home, including his ex-girlfriend, the socialite Eva Andersson (who is now married to hedge-fund star and Epstein confidant Glenn Dubin), and his former business partner, MC2 Models founder Jean-Luc Brunel. (According to a Page Six report, the modeling agency was named after Einstein's famous equation, with the missing "E" standing for Epstein. "He thinks everyone is too dumb to figure it out," the paper said.)
Then there were the underage models. Many of them were foreign and scouted by Brunel, according to a 2010 deposition given by a former MC2 bookkeeper named Maritza Vasquez. (Vasquez could not be reached for comment but her sworn statement was supported by Epstein's former house manager, Alfredo Rodriguez, whose annotations of Epstein's address book include "Apt. for models" next to the 66th Street entry.)"I know that the models were staying in different apartments belonging to Jeffrey Epstein," Vasquez said in her deposition. "There is not only one girl. There is not only one apartment. I believe there were like, two or three apartments. And they were put in between four girls per apartment."All 4 of the named 'coconspirators' in Epstein's plea deal have been associated with the buildingVasquez said part of her job was helping to obtain visas for the girls, and she recalled fielding an angry call from Epstein after a model visa application for a 14-year-old, Nadia Marcinkova, fell through. Part of the problem, Vasquez said, was she wasn't really a model."That girl never work, she was never a model. She was living in his place but she disappear," Vasquez said she was told by a coworker who worked directly on the application. "She never actually even worked as a model."Indeed, according to a Palm Beach Police Department report from 2006, Epstein told one of his victims that Marcinkova was a "sex slave" he had purchased from her parents in Yugoslavia when she was a teen. According to the report, Marcinkova frequently participated in sexual acts with Epstein and his underage victims.
By 2007, she was 22 and working as an assistant for Epstein when she and three other women were granted immunity as possible coconspirators in his controversial plea deal with federal prosecutors. Records show that all the women named in that agreement, who were accused of helping to coordinate or physically participating in Epstein's sex trafficking operation — Marcinkova, Sarah Kellen, Adriana Ross, Lesley Groff — shared something else in common: the 66th St. address.It's not clear when Ross left the building, but Groff was still operating out of a 10th-floor unit as Epstein's assistant and an employee of NES LLC, in 2009, according to a deposition given that year by Epstein's pilot, Larry Visoski. (The company, now registered in the Virgin Islands, is still active. In March, after a judge invalidated Epstein's plea deal, someone operating as NES LLC shipped a 193-pound tile and carpet extractor from Epstein's private island to his Manhattan townhouse.)Epstein's longtime lawyer has a corporate address there tooBoth Kellen and Marcinkova (who later shortened her name to Marcinko) continued to live or work at 301 East 66th St. for the next decade, records show. The building is the active registration address for Marcinko's company, Aviloop, and was listed as the delivery address for Kellen's company, SLK Designs, up until this month. A group of young model types photographed with Epstein in 2016 have also been linked to the building, according to public records databases.According to court documents and his attorney-registration files, Epstein's lawyer, Darren Indyke, used a 10th-floor unit as his primary office address for nearly a decade; he also used the address to receive mail for his corporation, DKI PLLC. It was later listed as the point of contact for Epstein's private foundation in 2008, the same year Epstein began serving out his sentence in Palm Beach.
One of Epstein's units, previously linked to Marcinko and listed as a mailing address for a number of Epstein ventures, is now home to the studio of Joyce Anderson, a fashion photographer who specializes in headshots and "children/pre-teen sessions," according to her website.She's been there since 2007, when she moved her studio from 30 Vandam Street — another building owned by Mark Epstein. (The Vandam Street building, a mixed-use six-story structure in Manhattan's Hudson Square, is also where a company called "Saint Model and Talent" was registered to Mark Epstein in 2005, business records show. According to the New York Department of State's Division of Corporations, it is still active, although there's no public trace that it operates.)
Anderson and Mark Epstein to a New School scholarship fund in 2007, and appear to have a longstanding relationship. Reached by phone, Anderson declined to comment on her work as a photographer or her connection to the Epstein brothers, saying: "I have no information to offer you. Have yourself a wonderful day, thank you." After this post was published, Mark Epstein clarified in an email that Anderson is his "ex" and that she had "no relationship with Jeffrey and never worked for him."Former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak visited 'often'Former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak hasn't been photographed entering or leaving 301 East 66th St., like he was outside Epstein's infamous townhouse in 2016, but he made an impression nonetheless. Residents say he has been periodically visiting the building for years.One former resident says she "often" saw Barak and his security detail in the building, with a sighting as recent as this calendar year. Another former resident, who confirmed Barak was a frequent visitor, said he once accidentally rode the elevator with Barak and two unfriendly security guards after sliding in through the doors at the last second.Barak's presence in the building was often announced to residents by way of a visible security detail with Suburbans idling on the street outside, witnesses say. One source who visited the building in 2017 recalls seeing what the source described as "Mossad agents" — meaning Israeli security guards — waiting downstairs, and former residents said at least one member of the security team would typically be posted in the lobby with an earpiece when Barak was upstairs. On at least one occasion, the former resident said, NYPD officers were also stationed outside.
Barak's name and contact information appeared in Epstein's "little black book," which Gawker published in 2015. His name had been circled by Rodriguez, the house manager who had stolen it and tried to sell it to lawyers representing Epstein's victims. According to The Washington Post, Rodriguez told FBI agents that he had circled the names of "witnesses" to Epstein's activities.Barak admitted to the Daily Beast last month that he had visited two of Epstein's Manhattan residences and his private island but denied meeting any girls there. He kept the details otherwise vague, telling the outlet that he and Epstein ultimately met "more than 10 times and much less than a hundred times, but I can't tell you exactly how many. I don't keep count."Barak didn't mention the state of Florida in his statement, but Alan Dershowitz testified in a 2015 deposition that Epstein maintained a suite of guest bedrooms in his Palm Beach home, which were "assigned to people like Senator George Mitchell, Ehud Barak, prominent guests who would stay in his house."
Barak is now reportedly working to dissolve a limited partnership he formed with Epstein in 2015, saying he didn't realize at the time of their agreement that Epstein's crimes involved minors. A spokesperson for Barak did not respond to a request for comment.A doorman on duty at the building last week confirmed seeing security details outside, but said he wouldn't be able to determine if any visitors to the building were underage, suggesting at one point that a 30-year-old reporter standing in the lobby could be a teenager for all he knew.Mark Epstein says he has nothing to do with his brother's businesses or alleged sex traffickingEpstein's brother, Mark, has also long denied any knowledge of his brother's activities in the building."I don't live in that building, I don't monitor who uses those apartments," he told Crains New York last month. "I'm not sure who pays it, but Jeff's been renting there for years."Reached by phone, Mark declined to answer any questions, referring a reporter to previous statements before abruptly hanging up. In response to an emailed list of questions, he wrote, "We didn't get disconnected, I hung up on you. Be clear about that."But in the interview with Crains New York, Mark denied any business crossover between his company, Ossa Properties, and his brother. When a 2004 Harlem charter school filing characterized Ossa as "an affiliated NYC real estate investment company" of his brother's investment firm, J. Epstein & Co., he characterized it as a "mistake.""There's no business relationship between those entities," he told the newspaper. But records show at least two 1991 filings where Ossa's address is listed as "475 Madison Avenue" — the home of J. Epstein & Co. and a charitable foundation named "Epstein Interests." It's also the same office where Jeffrey Epstein's attorney, Darren Indyke, first registered a company called E Management. According to court documents, E Management was operated by Brunel, the owner of MC2.Mark Epstein purchased his units from Leslie Wexner, his brother's only known client
Since its inception in the early 1980s, J. Epstein & Co. has had only one public client — the billionaire Les Wexner, who apparently gave Epstein the $70 million townhouse he now calls home before their personal and professional affiliation ended in 2007.It turns out that the mansion isn't the only patch of New York real estate that Wexner transferred to an Epstein: Mark told Crains New York that he bought the units at 301 East 66th St. in the early 1990s from Wexner. His brother tipped him to the opportunity.But a former classmate of Epstein's interviewed in James Patterson's book "Filthy Rich" made it sound like more of a partnership."He was a diamond in the rough, you see," Gary Grossberg told Patterson. "People recognized Jeffrey's brilliance very early on. But he had a gift for recognizing opportunities very quickly. He started buying properties in Manhattan, including 301 East 66th St. He asked his brother — did Mark want to join him? He did."With additional reporting by John Cook and J.K. Trotter.Do you have a story to share about Jeffrey Epstein, his brother Mark, or 301 E. 66th St.? Contact this reporter at gabriellebluestone@gmail.com. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
Polling order
Question: Should the polling list in chronological order? Please add your opinion to reach consensus. —GoldRingChip 18:40, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
Yes. Reverse order makes no sense. There's no purpose in seeing it in reverse order when other information on this page is in forward order. Just because it's wrong on other pages doesn't mean it should be wrong here.—GoldRingChip 18:40, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
* "Wrong" is your personal opinion, let's keep that clear first off. Secondly, the consensus on other pages is for reverse chronological order, so let's not automatically assume that whatever consensus is decided on here automatically applies to the other pages. I prefer reverse chronological order. I know that different people have different views, but to me the current political situation is the most important and deserves a more prominent position in the ordering. Maybe polls from a year ago can be useful if you want to track how you the race is progressing, but that can be seen just as easily using reverse chronological order. Rxguy (talk) 20:42, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
* It absolutely makes sense to have the most recent poll at the top of the list. It's how every polling website on the internet does it. Doing it differently here is stubborn to the point of being obtuse. Examples: 1, 2, 3, 4. Moreover, this isn't just how every list of polls on every website (including wikipedia) does things. This is generally how all lists of time-sensitive stories/reports/polls/news items are presented everywhere. johnpseudo 21:16, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
* Will this remain "time sensitive" next year, after the election is over?—GoldRingChip 11:30, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
* By "time-sensitive", I mean that old polls quickly lose their relevance once a new poll is published. So yes, a year from now the polls immediately before the election will be more relevant than the polls several months before. In either case, the ability to look at this historic record remains, and like I said- readers expect polls to be arranged in this order. Flipping things around has no utility. johnpseudo 14:06, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
In some articles, I've noticed other things in reverse chronological order, too. E.g.: California's 15th congressional district. Can we devise a standard?—GoldRingChip 14:13, 29 March 2012 (UTC)
* This has been discussed extensively. No consensus is attainable. Professional pollsters list in reverse because the try to gain media attention, with the newest at the top. This is an encyclopedia, not newsmedia, so the standard is chronological. See quasi-edit-war at Talk:New York's 26th congressional district special election, 2011, sections "Polling in reverse order - misleading" and "Polling again". Nevertheless, the pollsters don't budge, and neither should the encyclopedians... Kraxler (talk) 21:03, 7 May 2012 (UTC)
Again, I don't think it's appropriate to change the order of the polls here from how every other article (20+ articles in the 2012 Senate category alone) does polling order. If you want to change the way we do things, you should try to get some broader consensus. Perhaps take it to the Politics WikiProject page or leave notes linking back here on some of the other more heavily-trafficked articles. johnpseudo 14:38, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
* I agree that we should seek a broader consensus at a better-trafficked page, such as a Wikiproject page. Until then, however, this page remains in correct chronological order.—GoldRingChip 15:23, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
* Johnpseudo, you do your reverse order at your polling sites or your campaign headquarters, not at Wikipedia. Chronological order for all historic events is total consensus here, and written into a guideline. Why should pollsters get an exception? Wikipedia does not just copy from other sources, encyclopedians re-write text and re-arrange tables to present a matter in an understandable way. Kraxler (talk) 15:42, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
* Okay, so I suppose you're going to change every other election article on wikipedia? (BTW, you need to look up what consensus means if you think 2 vs 1 = consensus) johnpseudo 16:14, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
* Johnpseudo, First: it's not a question of 2 to 1 here, it's a question of Wikipedia vs. outside usage, see above. Outside Wikipedia you can write up the polls in Chinese characters if you like. And second, please do not believe that I've never heard a fallacious argument before. I (or GoldRingChip or whoever) will change other articles as they get aware of them, or as they find the time to do so. Imagine, you get a speeding ticket, and you ask the policemen if he will fine every speeder at all times, or if some might get away with it. So, if not (obviously he can't, not being ubiquitous), why shouldn't he let you go too? Think about it. (Note: This was a metaphor). Kraxler (talk) 17:50, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
* My point is that this arguments obviously needs more input from other editors. Based on the fact that nearly every election article outside of this one uses reverse chronological order, I feel pretty comfortable that the overall consensus is on my side. This isn't a list of historic events like the articles you seem to be familiar with. This is a situation where a poll closer to the date of an election is just more important than a poll taken months prior. A poll taken a year before is basically just speculation. Often the main candidates haven't even entered the race, or some major event has yet to occur that will make the poll irrelevant. If an article is about the election itself, the article should prioritize information that is still relevant to that election rather than telling the story of how the race has developed over time. For example, if you opened an article about the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, you wouldn't expect to find 3 pages of biographical information about all the people in Lincoln's political career who unsuccessfully plotted to kill him before hearing about how the Booth actually did the deed. The most relevant information about an election is who wins or is predicted to win, not who was first expected to win when someone first decided to poll the race. johnpseudo 18:51, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
* Actually, this is a list of historic events like the articles I seem to be familiar with. I'd be happy to engage in a further discussion seeking consensus on a website with a broader readership, just as you suggest. —GoldRingChip 19:35, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
I agree with johnpseudo. I can't even find one example of people listing polls in chronological order. It doesn't happen. This has broad consensus across all of Wikipedia and the rest of the web. It seems as though you are left totally without a valid argument. Respectfully, Light-jet pilot (talk) 21:54, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
* I was asked on my talk page for my opinion on this matter, and I would agree with those supporting listing polling data in reverse chronological order. While an election's final outcome is the only poll that truly matters in the end, the most recent polling data have more importance during the course of a campaign than figures from weeks and months prior. While what Kraxler mentioned about professional pollsters listing polls in reverse chronological order to get media attention is true, I would think that a lot of people come to Wikipedia for the latest, most up-to-date information as well. In my work on the 2010 and 2012 Connecticut U.S. Senate articles, reverse chronological order has been the standard used.
* While my support today goes to using reverse chronological order, I do wonder if perhaps sortable tables might be something worth exploring in the future. —Sgt. R.K. Blue (talk) 11:13, 10 May 2012 (UTC)
* GoldRingChip, do you have any more thoughts? It'll be hard to make much more progress if you don't add to the conversation. If you have the time to revert changes, you have the time to talk. So far I've seen very little substantive discussion from you or Kraxler- you both seem focused more on the "we're different from pollsters" angle, rather than talking about why exactly chronological order is appropriate in this case. johnpseudo 12:31, 11 May 2012 (UTC)
* Let's build a consensus on a website with a broader readership, just as you suggest.—GoldRingChip 15:00, 11 May 2012 (UTC)
* I already left notices on the 2012 US Senate elections article talk page and the Elections wikiproject. That's where Light-jet pilot and Sgt. R.K. Blue came from. I thought we could just bring more editors here rather than actually restarting the conversation elsewhere. johnpseudo 15:55, 11 May 2012 (UTC)
* I suggest you restart the conversation there freshly. Just propose it without all the huff-and-puff dialog we've had here. Ask people to support or oppose your proposal. Cross post it with Project Congress, Project U.S., WikiProject United States Public Policy, WikiProject United States Government, WikiProject U.S. Presidents, and WikiProject United States presidential elections. Direct them all to the elections wikiproject. In fact, make a new subpage dedicated just to polling and ask for a consensus.—GoldRingChip 18:21, 11 May 2012 (UTC)
* Actually, since the rest of wikipolling is already in reverse-chronological order, and this is the only example of chronological order, the "proposal" would be yours to make. Light-jet pilot (talk) 22:48, 11 May 2012 (UTC)
Ah, this old chestnut again. The fact is, almost every single page that features polling, whether it's in the US or the UK or Canada etc has the most recent poll at the top. It's only in the odd page, like this one, that some editors go against the consensus and put the most recent polls at the bottom. To be honest, it's not really something worth arguing and debating over. 99% of pages do it one way, which is easier to read and also to update and there's the 1% of pages that don't. If editors want to make a proposal, they are welcome to but I just don't see the point. Tiller54 (talk) 23:21, 11 May 2012 (UTC)
* Importance is irrelevant, historic events are told in chronological order. We (encyclopedians) don't start a bio with the most important things in a person's life, and then jump around according to decreasing importance, and possibly causing edit-wars because editors haggle about what is more or less important, we use a chronological sequence, beginning with the subject's birth, and ending with the subject's death. It sounds reasonable to me.
* The problem here is that no ordinary editor here adds polls, it's done only by real-life pollsters who do not care for encyclopedic content, but abuse Wikipedia as a campaign platform. About the alleged quasi-"consensus", there is the fallacious argument agian. We don't allow rapists to use guns to threaten their victims because most rapists threaten their victims with guns, or do we? Polls are non-events, they are fabricated misinformation, as the totally different actual election results show many times. Nevertheless, the polls were made and published, so they might as well be added here, if the chronological sequence of events could be maintained. Kraxler (talk) 13:59, 12 May 2012 (UTC)
* "The problem here is that no ordinary editor here adds polls, it's done only by real-life pollsters who do not care for encyclopedic content, but abuse Wikipedia as a campaign platform". 1. I'm not a "real-life pollster". 2. I'm not here to abuse Wikipedia, I'm here to contribute just like most editors are. Thanks for assuming good faith, btw. 3. I don't work for any campaign or have a platform to promote. You clearly have no interest in sensible discussion of this issue, you're just pursuing some ridiculous vendetta against me and other editors who add polling data. Tiller54 (talk) 20:30, 13 May 2012 (UTC)
* Well said, Tiller54! Nothing but the truth! >>Light-jet pilot (talk) 03:15, 14 May 2012 (UTC)
"Everybody else does it" is not consensus. "Everybody, once informed and discussed, agrees" is. For the third time, I ask you to post a discussion at a more broadly-read place. I've allowed you to phrase it yourself, thereby letting you phrase the question in your own way. I've advised you on where to cross-post it. I think this is a very emotional issue for you (out-of-chronological-order) editors, so I've let you control the debate. But until you give me either a logical reason or a consensus reason, I can't learn why we should post a chronological list in reverse chronological order.—GoldRingChip 10:44, 14 May 2012 (UTC)
* Simply demanding that other editors follow your orders (creating a new venue for discussion when this one is perfectly suitable) is not a productive way to add to the discussion. I've put notices on the relevant article talk pages to direct whoever is interested to add to this discussion. Three editors have obviously taken me up on that. They've all supported my position. It's up to you to move this argument forward in any method you feel to be appropriate. If you refuse to add any substantive to the discussion, and Kraxler continues to repeat his screed against "pollsters abusing Wikipedia", I will suggest that we start the path down Wikipedia's official dispute resolution process. johnpseudo 19:46, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
* I give up. I let you make the argument any way, any where, any how. And you're still not satisfied?—GoldRingChip 23:35, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
* All I want is for us to have a discussion. You seem to be refusing to have one here. And you seem unwilling to start a new discussion elsewhere. johnpseudo 16:09, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
* At New York's 26th congressional district special election, 2011, 6 editors added polls in chronological order, and were reversed every time by self-ordained patrolman Tiller54, causing an edit-war. So much for "everybody else does". Apparently everybody else does not, but gets tired of being reversed by a small abusing minority. Be my guest, johnpseudo, hope to see you soon before the arbitration committee. Kraxler (talk) 01:12, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
* Where are these editors? I'd love to have them (or anyone else) come here to join in the discussion. Maybe I wasn't broad enough in my invitation to have other editors come here to give their input. I'll go ahead and spread the word, since we have a general dearth of substantive conversation coming from you or GoldRingChip. I really don't want to waste the time of the mediators/arbitrators, but nobody seems to be adding anything new. johnpseudo 16:09, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
I'm just responding from the post left @ WPUS. Without reading the long string above, why can't we just make the table sortable? Then the reader could sort it how they want rather than how we think it should be built? Kumioko (talk) 16:49, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
* Ideally, the polling results should be discussed in prose text. In an encyclopedia, data tables supplement and support prose; they don't substitute for prose. The prose discussion would normally be in forward chronological order, which means that the supporting table(s) should also use forward chronological order. --Orlady (talk) 17:18, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
* True thats a good point. In fact if an article goes to FA or FL they require that the information be presented in chronological order. Kumioko (talk) 19:04, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
* I'm primarily just hoping that whatever we decide here can help guide a standard that can be applied to all of the hundreds of election articles with poll lists. This is the only one I'm aware of that uses chronological order. johnpseudo 19:07, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
* They should all use Chron order IMO, since that is what would be required if they got to featured. Kumioko (talk) 19:29, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
* Being a featured article requires chronological order? That surprises me. Can you confirm (cite) that?—GoldRingChip 21:46, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
* @johnpseudo; This is the only one I'm aware of that uses chronological order. - Quite surprising, since I mentioned the NY26 special election twice already. FYI, that uses chronological order too. I guess you ignored it on purpose. See you at arbitration... Kraxler (talk) 00:34, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
* @Kraxler, if you're going to take it to arbitration, than actually take it to arbitration. If you're NOT going to...don't say it. >>Light-jet pilot (talk) 04:24, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
* Quit being a drama queen, Kraxler. It slipped my mind. And there's not much difference between one or two articles in the context of the hundreds in reverse-chronological order. johnpseudo 11:41, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
* @johnpseudo Please observe WP:CIVIL. We are debating issues here, not other editors. There is a difference of exactly 100 % between one and two, and there may be more. Besides, it shows that you do not read other editors arguments, and that you do not check out data/links which are contributed to the debate by opposing editors. That's why I quit debating the issue (waste of time, under the circumstances), and am very anxious to see you at arbitration. I doubt that the arbitration committee makes a decision without reading the full discussion. I won't take it there (I hope somebody does) as long as you don't mess up this article (or any other article I come across) with reverse order. I know the guidelines, I suggest you read WP:POINT. (I quote: "Do not disrupt Wikipedia, just to make a point!") Kraxler (talk) 16:14, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
* You know, we actually benefit from dropping this argument. You will "win" your little vendetta, and 98% of Wikipolling will still be as we like it. And as for WP:CIVIL, you are breaking it more than he is. >>Light-jet pilot (talk) 16:26, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
* As little as chronological order makes sense to me in this context, leaving this article in a different order than (nearly) every other article makes even less sense. I want to resolve this, preferably without needing to involve anyone who hasn't volunteered their opinion. Going through the official conflict resolution process would show a failure on our part to work this out. I want to work this out, and I want all of the articles to be consistent. I'm in the process of trying to convert the tables into sortable tables (although that's going to be extremely time-consuming), and I've found one wikipedia guideline that may be relevant here:
* "Special cases which specifically require frequent daily additions, such as Deaths in 2012, may use reverse chronological order for temporary convenience, although these articles should revert to non-reverse order when the article has stabilized, such as Deaths in 2003."
* This isn't precisely relevant, given that this is not a stand-alone list and is not being updated daily. It also isn't taking into account the special circumstances I believe exist in this case, where earlier events are less important than later events. Still, I could see some logic in using reverse-chronological order up until the election and then chronological order afterwards. johnpseudo 17:13, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
* I'd be fine with that. >>Light-jet pilot (talk) 03:05, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
Yes. The narrative of most WP election articles and politicians' blps follows a chronological order in general. Most non-specialist readers and new editors would reasonably expect the polling section to follow the same pattern as the rest of the article of which it is a part. The claims that "almost every single page that features polling, whether it's in the US or the UK or Canada etc has the most recent poll at the top" and "the problem here is that no ordinary editor here adds polls, it's done only by real-life pollsters" are simply wrong — depending on how "features" is defined (does it mean any articles that include several polls conducted at different time points?). It may be that the majority of elections articles that include poll data do follow reverse chronological order (I do not know), but if so, there are still a significant minority of articles describing high-profile candidates and races that do not. In fact, had I not seen the notice of this debate on one of the elections & referenda projects pages, I would not have realized that this is even an issue of concern for some editors. A few pages I have recently read or edited that have not been following a strict reverse chronological order in the polls section include Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012; Florida gubernatorial election, 2010; Ron Paul presidential campaign, 2012; Governorship of Mitt Romney (not an election article, but still a list of several polls is included in a chart). In these cases, each article's edits seem to have been made by a variety wikipedians, editors who apparently are not professional pollsters (although I have no way of knowing that). The polls sections in these cases also contain relatively few data points and seem to lack the gloss and polish that you will find in the more comprehensive charts, such as at Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2008. My sense is that when an article's polls sections is tended by experienced editors who are familiar with and prefer the reverse-chronological pattern, the polls section will be kept in reverse-chronological order; but when the editors who are contributing are not familiar with that convention, such as is usually the case with newer or infrequent editors, the result is more likely to be a natural outgrowth of the narrative chronological order that already characterizes the rest of the article (assuming it's not a polls-only article). The exception to the latter situation would be when a large number of polls is being added at some time removed from when most of the polls were conducted, in which case the editors are more likely to have the convenience of relying on a ready-made collection of polls in a single or handful of sources (eg, in the US, realclearpolitics.com), in which the polls are already listed in reverse-chronological order; in that case, it's less work to simply copy the polls from the source(s) to the WP article than to reverse the order to the (forward) chronological.
I think the sortable-table idea is definitely worth considering, but (in the software's current configuration) it would make edits harder for new or infrequent editors. Rules that make editing harder are a barrier to the growth of wikipedia. The threshold for adoption of such rules should be that the clarity that results from the rules outweighs the loss of contributions by editors who are intimidated by the rule requirements. I'm not sure that that threshold would be met for cases in which there are only a few polls to deal with. (Although the goal of a sortable table would be great as a guideline for high-profile elections with many data points.)
As for the suggestion that polls be listed chronologically until the conclusion of the election, then switched to reverse-chronological thereafter, this could work out, but would require a bit of extra work. It would also be likely to result in a number of lower-profile articles tending to be indefinitely left out of compliance with the formal standard. (Could a script that would switch the data be written to help out?) A related but broader question is Should the polls sections of all WP articles on politicians (not just elections articles) be written in reverse-chronological order? It would be somewhat confusing to adopt a standard that applied only to elections articles, since polls sections are not limited to elections articles. Dezastru (talk) 15:19, 1 June 2012 (UTC)
* I suppose I should clarify, for anyone to whom it isn't abundantly obvious, that my thoughts above are on what a general policy should be across wikipedia rather than for this article per se. Dezastru (talk) 16:19, 1 June 2012 (UTC)
* It's reasonable for such current events ("live") articles to list the latest poll first, and to list all in reverse order if you wish. 'Afterward, such as coverage of 2008 polls today or December 2008, any such list should be forward chronological. -P64 [now outdent]
Here are my five cents. The latter three provide for illustration three articles where I have worked heavily. The last doesn't add anything new, so please consider 4.1 one of my five cents. --P64 (talk) 16:11, 7 June 2012 (UTC)
* Five cents on chronological list order
* 1) Where ordering by chronology is reasonable, rather than by name or another alternative, lists should use forward chronological order. Some WP guideline or policy prescribes this. Some suggests or permits reverse order for lists that grow frequently because they follow frequent current events. Consider your WP:WATCHLIST, but this is permitted or suggested for some list articles. (This month I have read it but now don't find it quickly. I might later provide links and delete this note.)
* 2) So the 2012 Boston Red Sox season ("show" template) might display reverse order, iiuc. To me that would make sense if the log were a WP:standalone list, where there would be a case for showing the recent listings on the first screen for many visitors.
* 3) I support the organization of Bermuda Bowl which covers a now-biennial competition. The historical record is chronological but section "Latest rendition" precedes all of the history. Internally, that section too is mainly chronological but coverage of the outcome and "Final" match is first. For most other competitions in the same family, there is no full "Latest rendition". Brief coverage of the latest and next renditions still precedes the generally chronological narrative because it appears in the last lines of the lead (as here where there is a full Latest rendition).
* 4) Many articles on annual literary awards list winners (Kate Greenaway Medal) or winners and finalists (Caldecott Medal) in reverse chronological award (violating policy or guideline, iiuc). I converted the former plain list to a wikitable last month, improving the display in some ways but retaining reverse order. I made the table sortable, and its first column gives the dates in sortable fashion (despite some markup), so that many readers can readily undo the reverse order. The subsequent list of finalists is backward and fixed, however. (I added 2012 to the top of that list. If I were British, maybe I would have made that "Current rendition" following the lead. I did put brief coverage of the current rendition at the end of the lead.)
* 5) The equivalent U.S. Caldecott Medal presents winners and runners up in chronological order, intermingled in one sortable table. The chronological order can be reversed, but that complicates the intermingling. Editors have used a distinct color background for the annual winner in order to help interpret the table when sorted or re-sorted by any of its first three columns.
* For U.S. National Book Award award categories, one of our four lists of winners and finalists displays 2011 to 1984 backward, 1964 to 1983 forward, and 1963 to 1950 backward. I wrote the very long middle section in forward order because I expect the other parts to be re-ordered someday. And because National Book Award for Nonfiction, the case in point, thereby reflects our technically simple coverage of the other three award categories: two backward and one forward!
Came here from WikiProject U.S. Congress; perhaps a compromise? 'Most recent polls' at top and 'Other polls' chronological thereafter? Barring a compromise I'll note Wikipedia has made exceptions for other 'industry-wide standards' (see WikiProject Birds, naming), and note we a) provide introduction summaries, normally listing current position without (German language waiting 100 words for the verb). b) Most recent polls could easily be a separate section, available from the Contents table, whether it's above or below. Dru of Id (talk) 12:55, 8 June 2012 (UTC)
* Either compromise sounds good. >>Light-jet pilot (talk) 13:52, 8 June 2012 (UTC)
Endorsements
What's the point of listing the endorsements? The Republicans are going to endorse the Republican and likewise the Democrats. Hardly worthy of noting in an encyclopedia.—GoldRingChip 12:05, 29 March 2012 (UTC)
* Except when Democrats endorse Brown. Hot Stop 02:50, 8 May 2012 (UTC)
How dare you take out the endorsement page it adds a lot to the article it is legitimate info well cited and the brown page included a lot of democratic endorsements as well as senator snowe who generally doesn't endorse in out state races anyway I worked hard on that page and am reinstating it immediatelyCotton Rogers (talk) 22:52, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
Also included celebrity endorsement of Dave Cowens and we have an endorsement page for the general presidential election why not delete that too. also democrats endorsed brown and that is worth noting anyway do not re-delete or I will report it as vandalism Cotton Rogers (talk) 22:58, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
* "How dare you" is not a good way to open a discussion. I'm sorry I took something out that offended you. I've restored it. That you put a lot of work into it shouldn't be relevant, nor that it's done elsewhere (such as in the presidential election), because the material should stand on its own merit. Perhaps we should maintain the section with limits for unusual endorsements such as the ones you mention. Just a long list of obvious endorsements, however, seems irrelevant and doesn't meet the standards of an encyclopedia. So what do you say?—GoldRingChip 17:07, 28 May 2012 (UTC)
* Thanks for the apology and I concede I was out of line in my opening, but you where out of line when you deleted that information for reasons of opinion that were not at all factually correct since there were many cross party endorsements not to mention that endorsements are usually a section of other articles pertaining towards elections is absolutely relevant since that is a clear sign of common consensus of what the encyclopedia and wiki community has deemed relevant and necessary to include in an article also to claim that all members of the same political party always give an official endorsement to another in their party is erroneous Brown was mostly endorse by moderate GOP mostly not by those usually associated with the tea party unlike the last election which is important to note for historical posterity same goes for Warren who is mostly endorsed by Liberal democrats and not by those typically associated with the moderate wing such as Joe Lieberman it is important to see where each candidate fits in the complicated prisms of their respective political parties another point is that Obama does it always endorse the democratic candidate some do not want it such as southern and Midwestern dems while others who want it are refused it see Frank Caprio or Rhode Island gubernatorial election, 2010. I think you view of the mechanics, customs and usual workings of a political party are oversimplified it is much more complicated then all of that therefore I'm for letting the section stand and continue as it is now, it might be imperfect but the best course of action is not to set any limits to itCotton Rogers (talk) 21:55, 28 May 2012 (UTC)
* Forgot to say in my previous rant that you did not restore it, I did by undoing your edit Cotton Rogers (talk) 21:59, 28 May 2012 (UTC)
* We can let it stand, as you suggest.—GoldRingChip 14:45, 29 May 2012 (UTC)
Warren as the presumptive nominee
The Democratic primary is contested in name - but by that argument so is the current presidential republican nomination. Can someone explain why we can't put the presumptive nominee up? Hipocrite (talk) 16:20, 7 May 2012 (UTC)
* Sources for presumptive -, , , and I could honestly do this all day. Hipocrite (talk) 16:24, 7 May 2012 (UTC)
* She's presumptive, I agree. She's very likely, I'll add. I think we could put that discussion in the body of the article with citations. But I don't see a reason to declare it a done deal in the info box. Perhaps in the body of the article you could say something like, "Elizabeth Warren is greatly leading the race to be the Democratic nominee." —GoldRingChip 16:38, 7 May 2012 (UTC)
* Do you think that other, more widely watched articles like United States presidential election, 2012 should guide our decision making here? I mean, Ron Paul could still win all the remaining primaries and sew up the nomination, right? Hipocrite (talk) 16:48, 7 May 2012 (UTC)
* I suppose, but I'm reluctant to expand it to a larger precedent. Once difference, for example, is that Mitt Romney has actually been though a slough of primary elections, whereas Elizabeth Warren has just polled well. Polling is a lot less reliable than elections, even incomplete primaries. I'm suggesting therefore, that we leave the info box blank (or TBD) and put more discussion in the body.—GoldRingChip 17:07, 7 May 2012 (UTC)
* Individual state elections reflect much less than polls over the entirety of the area that will be elected in the future. Again - Ron Paul could sweep the remaining primaries - not that this is very likley, but it's about as likley as Warren not being the nominee, and if we just looked at the most recent primary, we'd argue that's what is the most likley case. We should not be forced by technicalities to reflect the race wrongly, and the word "presumptive," works both here and there, and is sourced. Hipocrite (talk) 17:31, 7 May 2012 (UTC)
* I just don't think it belongs in the info box. That box is more black-letter. Just leave the info box without a stated nominee and write elsewhere that Warren is presumptive.—GoldRingChip 17:45, 7 May 2012 (UTC)
* Quite right, GoldRingChip. Hipocrite, please check at WP:What Wikipedia is not. It's not newsmedia, and it's not a campaign platform, and it's not a forecast of future events. Nominations are called nominations after they were made. Leading the polls should be called here "leading the polls", is that too difficult to understand? This is an encyclopedia, it states facts. Kraxler (talk) 09:45, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
* She is not merely "leading in the polls," she is reliably sourced as the presumptive nominee. Further, remain civil. Hipocrite (talk) 13:34, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
* Newsmedia can write what they like, but Wikipedia does not presume. Check it out at the link I gave you above, Hipocrite. The infobox can only be filled after the primary, and that's absolute. Describe the current state of things in the text of the article. Kraxler (talk) 15:33, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
* We all agree she is "presumed" to be the nominee. Can't we just write that in the body but leave the infobox 'tbd'?—GoldRingChip 15:35, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
Campaign content
Quite empty, please help around ! Positive proposals, attacks on the other side, budget. Yug (talk) 14:55, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
Coatrack problem
Someone keeps pasting an old version of Elizabeth_Warren into the 'General_election_campaign' section of this article. This violates WP:COATRACK. If it doesn't belong in the section about her senate run in the article on Elizabeth Warren, it certainly doesn't belong here. Will the person doing this please stop. FurrySings (talk) 05:32, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
* WP:COATRACK does not apply to the section on Warren's Native American heritage controversy because it is not irrelevant. This story has been one of the most publicized of this campaign and belongs in a section about the general election. --Hirolovesswords (talk) 05:56, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
* WP:COATRACK applies directly to this issue, and what you wrote shows that you are determined to ignore policy. Looking at your other edits, it appears that you are editing with a consistent bias. Please respect Wikipedia policy and guidelines and stop introducing POV into articles, especially about living persons. Respect WP:BLP. FurrySings (talk) 12:19, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
* First, Coatrack is an essay, not a policy. Second, these edits do not violate WP:BLP which states "If an allegation or incident is noteworthy, relevant, and well-documented, it belongs in the article — even if it is negative and the subject dislikes all mention of it." --Hirolovesswords (talk) 14:52, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
* Coatrack or not, it was an excessive amount of discussion about a trivial subject. It's a politicized issue: Republicans are running hard on it, and Democrats are trying to brush it away. At most, it deserves a single sentence, no more.—GoldRingChip 22:31, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
* This story has received significant coverage beyond a relatively short news cycle by a variety of sources including The Boston Globe, The New York Times, The Boston Herald, The Washington Post, MassLive.com, ABC News, CBS News, and WFXT. Reducing it to one sentence gives it less WP:WEIGHT than it deserves. --Hirolovesswords (talk) 02:47, 9 September 2012 (UTC)
* Agreed. This has been the major story of the campaign so far, and deserves at least a paragraph. Hot Stop (Edits) 03:50, 9 September 2012 (UTC)
Put it in the Elizabeth Warren article if you can. If you can't it certainly doesn't belong here. This is a BLP violation, and I will continue to treat it as such. Stop your politically biased editing. FurrySings (talk) 05:00, 9 September 2012 (UTC)
* It's not. It's well sourced from a variety of news sources. And there's no consensus to keep removing it. Hot Stop (Edits) 05:11, 9 September 2012 (UTC)
* There is no consensus to add it. There was consensus on the Elizabeth Warren article that the material was a political attack, and it was removed from that article. Adding it here without consensus is a violation of WP:POVFORK and WP:BLP. FurrySings (talk) 08:05, 9 September 2012 (UTC)
* I've got to agree here. This is NPOV violating coatrack. There's way too much emphasis on this here, and anyone interested in writing a neutral balanced article and not pushing a POV should be able to see that. AniMate 08:30, 9 September 2012 (UTC)
* This article is about the election, not Warren. Political controversies should included in this article as they are at United States Senate election in Missouri, 2012, Controversies of the United States Senate election in Virginia, 2006, and United States Senate election in Tennessee, 2006, Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 1986, and Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 2010. If User:AniMate feels there is too much of emphasis on it here, why not trim it down instead of eliminating it entirely? --Hirolovesswords (talk) 09:10, 9 September 2012 (UTC)
* The reason I reverted is, at least partially, because I don't feel the information was added in good faith. The Cherokee controversy is almost twice as long as the entire section about Scott Brown. This wasn't an attempt to write a balanced article, the was an attempt to add as much negative information about one candidate as possible. AniMate 10:42, 9 September 2012 (UTC)
The dominant news story (Cherokee identity) of the election for 6 months is a WP:COATRACK????
This Article reports on the election. Early on, Warren made a series of unforced mis-statements to the press, and raised questions about whether she had ever taken advantage of what has turned out to be a false family narrative. This dominated the airwaves in the only market that counts, the State. It has attracted more attention than any economic policy or campaign ad. For a time, neither Warren nor Brown could appear in public without being dogged by questions about the false Indian narrative, and both avoided the question, Brown successfully, Warren, not so much. This article CANNOT be considered NPOV WITHOUT an extensive section on the controversy, whether you "Like" it (WP:JUSTDONTLIKE) or not. It does not matter if it is a substantive issue or not, Wikipedia does not care, nor is it edited to conform to a person's "likes".
The Rationale given for CONDENSING the story on the Elizabeth Warren page was that it overshadowed her much longer academic career, and that WP:UNDUE applied, since the Senate Campaign was a short part of her personal narrative. Not sure that was appropriate, since the Campaign is also the most notable, but that matters little. We are now speaking of the ELECTION CAMPAIGN, and the most reported story of THE CAMPAIGN has to be there, and must be MUCH longer than lists of not-candidates, obscure polls far removed from the election, and comments on comments by obscure CEOs or Missouri pols. WP:COATRACK is just ridiculous.--Anonymous209.6 (talk) 14:40, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
Independent Bill Cimbrelo on ballot but no mention ?
As he is at last check on the ballot for the November election for said senate seat in the 2012 Massachusetts Senate election (running as an independent Campaign Page) should he not at least be mentioned and or noted and at least put in the 'Results' section. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:39, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
* Please add details about Bill Cimbrelo, citing a reliable source. FurrySings (talk) 06:29, 9 September 2012 (UTC)
Deadline for completion of filing for a Non-Party, or Independent Candidate is Aug 28, so the lack of an update on the Secretary of State site may not imply the negative (they haven't posted Primary results either). [] is marginal as a WP:RS, but the Patriot Ledger definitely qualifies,[] though it only announces his INTENTION to join race, not if he qualified to be on the ballot. Good luck, good catch.--Anonymous209.6 (talk) 15:18, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
* Unofficially confirmed that Cimbrelo failed to get 10,000 signatures by deadline, and will NOT be on ballot. Still a write-in. Welcome comment if this qualifies, IMHO, no.--Anonymous209.6 (talk) 22:01, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
RfC
There is disagreement about the extent to which Elizabeth Warren's Cherokee self-identification should be discussed in this article. --Hirolovesswords (talk) 08:42, 9 September 2012 (UTC)
* It could be mentioned, as a short statement of fact, with sources. It should certainly not be discussed. Besides, similar shortcomings of the incumbent should be mentioned, to get a balanced article. In principle, it should be discussed (in real life, everywhere, not especially here on Wikipedia) whether political campaigns were originally created for mud-slinging or for debating political issues and proposals for the administration-to-come. Kraxler (talk) 13:39, 9 September 2012 (UTC)
* I agree that it should be mentioned, perhaps as a condensed verseion of what is seen at Elizabeth Warren. RedSoxFan2434 (talk) 01:13, 10 September 2012 (UTC)
* I also agree that it should be mentioned, perhaps in a short paragraph o even two. It is notable to the election, but it is not essential, as it is not the only important fact in the election. Grammarxxx (talk) 2:07, 10 September 2012 (UTC)
* WP:UNDUE requires this article to include items based on their importance to the Article subject, in this case, the Senatorial Campaign. Neither I, nor (more importantly) WIKIPEDIA care if an editor doe not "Like" a subject, it MUST be included according to its importance. Argue all you want that this is not an "Important" issue; Wikipedia does not care what YOU think SHOULD be important, only that it HAS been important to the Senatorial Campaign. Further, the comments of Kraxler are astoundingly contrary to all Wikipedia guidelines; a truly BIZARRE take on what "balance" is. If a judge says someone killed a victim (aka conviction), you don't then allege (falsely) that the judge also killed someone, to achieve "balance". Warren has blundered in her campaign, and it has dominated the campaign to this point, for better or worse, whereas Brown has not. That is a fact, and that is what Wikipedia cares about, and defines as "importance".--Anonymous209.6 (talk) 14:54, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
* This rant says more about Anonymous209.6's biases than about what should or shouldn't be in this article. Warren made an impromptu speech which became a viral video. Her theme has been picked up by President Obama and other Democrats. She spoke on prime time TV during the Democratic National Convention. Her anti-Wall-Street-bailouts speech has been widely covered on national media. And Anonymous209.6 thinks that the most important event in the campaign is some manufactured 'controversy' (covered in a few newspaper reports) over Warren having listed herself as a minority in a Harvard faculty directory for a few years in the hopes of being invited to some minority events. Reliable sources have reported: she did not bring up her background during the hiring process and it had no impact on Harvard's decision to hire her. FurrySings (talk) 16:43, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
* The only bias is towards WP:NPOV and elimination of WP:UNDUE. All discussions have to be centered on representing relevance TO THE SUBJECT OF THE ARTICLE, namely the Senate race. If a reader lived in Minsk, it is unlikely that they would have heard much about factors that ACTUALLY influence and are of importance TO THE SUBJECT OF THE ARTICLE, namely the Senate race. They might have heard that she spoke at the DNC. If you were arguing about the international view of the US, fine, but the eyeballs in Minsk matter little to an election in Massachusetts. The viral video (impromptu? hardly) was nice, and fired up her base, helping her in the Primary; the DNC speech got a single article in most MA newspapers and TV news broadcasts. Very nice, mention them. The Warren campaign bumbling through contradictory statements, unsupported claims, and making a hash of responding to pretty simple reporters' questions, on the other hand, was a non-stop series of stories and columns in every major MA newspaper's A section for 6 months. The article is supposed to report importance TO THE SUBJECT OF THE ARTICLE, the Senate race, and by that yardstick, it isn't even close. The Cherokee issue IS what has introduced most MA voters to Warren, and has major impact on the race, on the local (the only discussion that counts, since Minskers don't mostly vote) coverage and on the local discussion of the race.
* If you wanted to argue in isolation which was more "important", Brown's contribution to Military Jurisprudence, or a TV ad showing him folding laundry, I'd vote for the former. It doesn't matter here; the TV ad has had a major impact ON THE SUBJECT OF THIS ARTICLE, the Senate race, whereas no-one, including Brown, has chosen to mention the former in the Senate race; relevance to this Article is not even close. --Anonymous209.6 (talk) 18:31, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
* One sentence about it, maybe two, will be sufficient in this article.—GoldRingChip 18:36, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
* This story has been covered in a more than a few newspaper reports as FurrySings claims.
* WP:WEIGHT is based on prevalence in reliable sources. Elizabeth Warren's Cherokee self-identification has been more prevalent in reliable sources than her viral video. If that receives a whole paragraph, this should receive as least as much. --Hirolovesswords (talk) 19:45, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
* Level of coverage is ONE factor in determining weight, but not the only one; impact on the race tracks well with MA coverage, not with international/national coverage. Not arguing against your point, just expanding.--Anonymous209.6 (talk) 20:03, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
* I believe that Warren's Cherokee self-identification should be discussed in this article. I could add a few lines or perhaps someone else wants to do it. BTW, what do you all think of the way I put headings for each candidate? Also, I removed a fair amount from Warren's section as it was, by comparison to Brown, too long. Could someone more familiar with Brown find some more information for his section to even it out better? Gandydancer (talk) 21:06, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
* Like the reorganization. I would be a little careful of just trimming the Warren profile. I've taken a stab at ONLY taking out redundancy and grammar problems, but the real trim ought to be of the unfiltered platitudes from the website. They aren't that informative, and analysis of what paid ads the two campaigns have released gives a MUCH better picture of actual issues and campaign strategy. I think just trimming the Warren profile ONLY to make it match the Brown one isn't the best approach, would be better to instead get balance by expanding the Brown section. Good work, though.--Anonymous209.6 (talk) 19:10, 12 September 2012 (UTC)
* Include as it has received significant coverage and attention and the media has brought it up specifically as it relates to the race. Instaurare (talk) 04:20, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
* Include but reduced for the sake of fairness. Brown's supporters think this should be the dominant theme of the campaign, and Warren supporters want it to disappear. This is a real factual controversy, but dedicating more than a couple sentences to it gives it undue weight.—GoldRingChip 14:19, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
* Good wording. I support inclusion but not the previous excessive version. I was disappointed with the edit summary for the extensive version as well: restoring the dominant story for most of the campaign. As per WP:NPOV, WP:DUE, prior consensus, and RfC) since that clearly was not where the discussion was at. I had suggested a couple of sentences and that editor should have posted his/her thoughts rather than move boldly ahead and edit whatever s/he wanted into the article. Gandydancer (talk) 14:39, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
* Removal of the section, as was done, has no support whatsoever, and so needs to be undone. Length and emphasis are still being debated, and that is reasonable. I welcome your editing, I merely restored the last existing version as a starting point. I would add that the blow by blow of genealogy should be summarized, not expounded on, and the emphasis should be on Warren's contradictory statements and the impact on the race instead, so I also am not entirely pleased with THAT version. I would say that the discussion of how many sentences is non-productive; there should instead be a discussion of what aspects of the mis-handling of the issue should be included. --Anonymous209.6 (talk) 15:32, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
* Total unanimous consensus it should be included, but certain editors argue that we should reduce it for "fairness", or invent some equivalent blunder (which does not exist) by Brown for "balance". Neither has anything to do with Wikipedia policy. The campaign is what it is, and this cannot possibly be argued that it is not a major influence on the campaign, nor that it has dominated coverage for a significant proportion of the campaign. --Anonymous209.6 (talk) 14:40, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
* Note: Preceding comment is the second response added by Anonymous209.6 — FurrySings (talk) 16:34, 18 September 2012 (UTC)
* Please try to be civil. There was nothing wrong with noting that Brown's section was shorter than Warren's section. You are going out of your way to disrupt and create drama here and I hope you will stop it. Gandydancer (talk) 14:53, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
* Dear Gandydancer; absolutely no criticism intended of your observation that the two sections are of uneven length, and I heartily endorsed your comment above, just advocated expanding the Brown section rather than condensing the Warren section. Our simultaneous posting confused which comment I was referring to, and I apologize for any insult that caused; completely unintended. --Anonymous209.6 (talk) 15:21, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
* I'm sorry my attempt at fairness appears to you as a way to hurt the Brown campaign.—GoldRingChip 14:47, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
* Not concerned with whether your editing hurts a campaign, just that it violates every Wikipedia principle. WP:NPOV specifically excludes the concept that if there is a negative report on one campaign there must be a negative report on the other. That is not what WP defines as balance or fairness. The horrific blunder of Todd Akin does not require several articles on Claire McCaskill scandals unless they also have impact on the campaign, and, of course, exist. --Anonymous209.6 (talk) 15:21, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
* It doesn't violate "every Wikipedia principle." There is no reason for excessive discussion of an issue that one side wants to over-play and the other side wants to eliminate. Two sentences is fine.—GoldRingChip 15:37, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
* AGAIN. You are approaching this as if we need to write an article that does not have too much of what a candidate WANTS, basically treating the whole issue as if it is divided into "sides". That is exactly how WP must NOT be edited. The "neutral" in NPOV refers to writing about a subject AS IT IS, namely with the weight being determined by importance, which is partly coverage, partly what is factual, and partly what would give the most accurate accounting of what happened. If a factor affects a race, it is written about in accordance with its impact, not whether your opinion of it is that it is trivial, or whether you think it "should" affect the race. --Anonymous209.6 (talk) 22:10, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
* Then, by the logic of "what affects the race," the entire controversy should be removed, because it had no affect on the poll numbers at the time. Since I don't think that's the correct standard, I suggest instead mentioning it, albeit briefly.—GoldRingChip 00:24, 14 September 2012 (UTC)
* The 'correct standard' is to use verifiable reliable sources. —ADavidB 06:33, 14 September 2012 (UTC)
* Exactly We seem to be dividing into those who want to follow WP guidelines and those who don't, or at least who do not refer to WP standards when arguing. I would have added that other editor's appeals to "fairness" or "balance" aren't really appeals to fairness or balance, but a desire for the Article to conform to what THEY think is fair or balanced. Did not make that observation first, since what is important is what WP guidelines say is important, and insertion of what YOU think is fair or balanced is the very definition of writing opinion not fact.--Anonymous209.6 (talk) 12:47, 14 September 2012 (UTC)
* Anonymous, you are using the word 'consensus' wrong, it doesn't mean 'what I think is true'. Also, you are not allowed to vote !vote twice in the same RFC. FurrySings (talk) 15:02, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
* None of this RfC is set up as a "Vote", and neither are my comments (the "C" in RfC) so don't know what you are talking about.--Anonymous209.6 (talk) 22:10, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
* You are not supposed to respond twice to the same RfC. There are guidelines about this. I suggest you follow them.FurrySings (talk) 14:19, 14 September 2012 (UTC)
* So THIS response and your post above violate RfC policy??? Makes no sense. Most RfCs have multiple comments from individual editors. If there is an actual !Vote structure (and there isn't) and someone marks a comment as their !Vote (which I have not done ONCE, yet), that gets confusing. The consensus remark was confimation that while disagreement still exists on how much material (really should be a discussion on WP:DUE, not arbitrary length), there was ZERO sentiment supporting the total exclusion of the material. (which was your view on the "Coatrack section". There is now ONE !Vote. --Anonymous209.6 (talk) 14:54, 15 September 2012 (UTC)
* This is from the Request for Deletion guideline: "You can explain your earlier recommendation in response to others, but do not repeat your recommendation on a new bulleted line." The same protocol applies here. Please change your response to follow guidelines, or if you prefer, I will correct it for you. FurrySings (talk) 05:58, 16 September 2012 (UTC)
* Since you refuse to correctly format your two responses, I have added a note so that it is less misleading for readers of this RfC. FurrySings (talk) 16:37, 18 September 2012 (UTC)
'''
* Include But ensure that the amount of material meets WP:UNDUE. It has been a campaign issue. Should state it with a basic summery, and that is it. 1 to 3 sentences. Casprings (talk) 06:40, 14 September 2012 (UTC)
* Include it's gotten more attention than anything else in this campaign. Hot Stop (Edits) 03:06, 15 September 2012 (UTC)
* Exclude Not notable why include? To smear her as a mixed-blood? Are you going to analysis her opponents ancestry as well or will this be an undue weight issue? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:15, 15 September 2012 (UTC)
* Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia. Any implications that racist themes were being used in a campaign would be subject to stringent oversight ( see rules at WP:BLP), and if you find them, please bring them to editors' attention. I don't think anyone has been concerned with anything but the contradictory statements of Professor Warren on how her listings came about, by whom, when and why. The negative press has almost all slanted to the idea (now almost certainly proven) that she is NOT of Indian ancestry. You are correct that the details of a candidates ancestry would not ordinarily be of note, but in this case, the candidate, the intermingling of those claims with institutional race policy, and the conflicting and provably false explanations by the candidate have made it an issue. Just as a tip (I know you just started editing), certain words have definitions on Wikipedia that are a little more stringent than the way they are used in common language. "Notable" on Wikipedia refers to WP:N, a set of editing rules, as does "undue" WP:UNDUE, and both argue definitively for significant expansion on this article. Good luck, and welcome. --Anonymous209.6 (talk) 12:21, 15 September 2012 (UTC)
* Anonymous, I want to remind you that BLP policy extends to talk pages as well. You are defaming Elizabeth Warren (and breaking BLP policy) by stating as facts your own opinions. Please do not do that in the future. FurrySings (talk) 14:19, 15 September 2012 (UTC)
* What BLP violation? Grow up. Hot Stop (Edits) 14:23, 15 September 2012 (UTC)
* You should grow up and learn to speak politely. It is policy here. FurrySings (talk) 05:59, 16 September 2012 (UTC)
* Exclude Why does this matter to her bio uno iota? DoctorLuther (talk) 04:02, 16 September 2012 (UTC)
* exclude - WP:TRIVIA. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:21, 16 September 2012 (UTC)
* [Note; both the above accounts were begun and only edited on September 16]--Anonymous209.6 (talk) 22:49, 21 September 2012 (UTC)
* Include - observe WP:UNDUE. The current amount of information seems appropriate; I don't see what additional information would contribute. FurrySings and Anonymous209.6 both seem to have axes to grind, and might better spend their time debating on their talk pages, as their discussion has become disruptive. Jacotto (talk) 18:19, 17 September 2012 (UTC)
Fundraising section
Need a section on Fundraising, and the pact between Brown and Warren to donate to charity any money spent on their behalf by Super-PACs. Might mention (a subject of much discussion) that most of Warren's money comes from OUTSIDE of the State, Brown's from WITHIN, and that BOTH take a lot from Financial companies.--Anonymous209.6 (talk) 20:12, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
* Actually, I've read that like most Republicans, Brown gets a large part of his funds from Wall Street and finance. Considering how much Warren opposes Wall Street bankers, I find it hard to believe that they would donate large sums to her. FurrySings (talk) 01:31, 17 September 2012 (UTC)
* There already is a section on fundraising, and as I suspected, 8 out of the top 10 contributors to Brown are financial companies (mostly from New York), while none of the top 10 contributors to Warren are financial companies. This shows how reliable talk page pronouncements of 'facts' generally are. Which is why BLP policy applies to talk pages as well as articles. FurrySings (talk) 07:37, 17 September 2012 (UTC)
* Although the actual data, while limited is useful, your ininformed analysis is not. Brown is well known among the local mutual fund community (which donated heavily) for having (quite publicly) solicited input on how Dodd-Frank, which was SUPPOSED to reign in arbitrage and options trading (ie not what they do), would negatively affect institutions NOT involved in risky speculation (and which mostly handle retirement funds). The compromise he worked out on that bill, in exchange for his deciding vote was extremely well received, in Boston, but NOT in New York/Wall Street. Something about his bipartisan compromise on Dodd-Frank deserves to be in the article, and only THEN would the inclusion of his popularity among the local financial community through fundraising be appropriate.--Anonymous209.6 (talk) 19:21, 17 September 2012 (UTC)
* Blah blah blah, Brown gets most of his money from investment banks and financial companies, but it was for a good reason, and it was very well received. FurrySings (talk) 15:35, 18 September 2012 (UTC)
Purpose of this article
Just so we all understand: Not a single vote in this election will be changed by this Wikipedia article. The election will not be affected by this article. Anyone seeking to help Brown or Warren should hold signs, canvass supporters, or work the phones. Wikipedia is not a soapbox, a newspaper, democracy, or battleground. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia. This article may be time-sensitive, but it is intended to endure for the ages. Imagine what this article should look like in 1, 10, or 50 years. So let's all not get bogged down in the minutiae of he-said-she-said, thinking it might somehow help a candidate. It won't. This is a book — a history — that's being written for the future. Let's make it something for which we can all be proud.—GoldRingChip 22:37, 16 September 2012 (UTC)
* Why anybody thinks they can use Wikipedia articles to change even one person's vote is beyond me. In the RfC above, both Anonymous209.6 and FurrySings have good points but have also each violated policy (in some cases, the ones one claims the other is violating). The truth is, both editors have collectively turned the RfC into a debate, with Anon on the side of Brown and FurrySings on the side of Warren - a debate no longer about whether or not this should be included, but simply attacking each other. "He-said-she-said" that is verifiable and influential on the election should be included, but with the NPOV neither Anon nor FurrySings has provided.RedSoxFan2434 (talk) 22:48, 18 September 2012 (UTC)
Predicted rankings
I have removed the Predicted rankings section because the ones posted were taken very recently, and gave undue security to the Warren campaign. When the race first began, many were Tossup to Leans R, but the ones up made it appear that this election was a safe Democrat win. Unless all predicted rankings for this race can be complied, I feel they should be kept out, in place of polling which more accurately shows the progress of the race and campaigns. I would also like to point out that very few other election articles have predicted ranking sections. Grammarxxx (What'd I do this time?) 20:36, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
* I agree with Grammarxxx that a single snapshot should not be used. See the other polls, for example, that cover over a years' worth of polling. If the prediction rankings had historical comparisons (with citations, of course), then it would be OK.—GoldRingChip 21:32, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
Polling table
Every senate, gubernatorial, congressional and even mayoral election page uses exactly the same polling table, except for one single senate election page: this one. I propose that it is changed to bring it into line with all the others. I changed it myself but GoldRingChip objected. I don't see there's any reason for keeping this one as the odd one out but some might disagree. Thanks, Tiller54 (talk) 22:26, 2 November 2012 (UTC)
* I disagree, although a standard type of poll table is a good thing, not many other elections are a close as this one. The candidates have polled even several times, the margin section only means to assist readers, and portray how close this election is. This is a better than average election article, and as such, we must utilize all nessasary tools to convey the information in this article. Grammarxxx (What'd I do this time?) 23:32, 2 November 2012 (UTC)
* Well for starters I wouldn't even say that this race has been the closest. The senate election in Virginia has been a tossup for 18 months and it's been more volatile, certainly more so than this one. Plenty of other races have had the candidates close to each other - Virginia, Nevada, Montana, Missouri, Connecticut, Wisconsin, the New Hampshire gubernatorial election and so on. Not to mention all the other races in previous election cycles... Singling out this race as the "closest" or saying that highlighting the margin between the candidates is more useful in this election and this one alone than any other election doesn't make sense to me. Tiller54 (talk) 01:10, 3 November 2012 (UTC)
Moved material from Elizabeth Warren page
I just moved a bunch of material from the Warren page that should be here, as this is the main page on the election. I am just moving it, not endorsing it. People should edit as they see fit to make the material fit the page. Darx9url (talk) 06:14, 24 November 2014 (UTC)
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* Added tag to http://assets.wnec.edu/112/SenatePressReleaseTables_03_14_11.pdf
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130131220801/http://reporting.sunlightfoundation.com/outside-spending/race_detail/S/MA/00/ to http://reporting.sunlightfoundation.com/outside-spending/race_detail/S/MA/00/
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 20:21, 3 July 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
AH-F13-3859
13 y.o. female with a Hx of Intellectual Disability (mild), Developmental Speech Delay, Craniofacial Dysmorphism (potential FASD?), GERD/GI issues, RAD, ODD, and PTSD who was brought to the ED by her foster mother due to becoming acutely agitated (on her way to PHP) and became aggressive towards foster sibling and foster mother (e.g. pulled foster sibling’s hair, attempted to bite foster sibling & mother, threw things). Current presentation appears consistent symptoms of hyperarousal (e.g. irritability, anger, agitation) likely related to her previously diagnosed ODD and PTSD. Based on her current presentation (e.g. lack of behavioral/safety issues, able to make her needs known, etc.), medication adherence, relatively limited behavioral issues in the community, and her current diagnostic picture (i.e. no significant, active symptoms of mental illness), acute inpatient psychiatric admission is not currently indicated. As she is no longer able to return to her foster home, a new placement will need to be made. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Round trip
A round trip (American English), or return or return travel (British English), means travel to the destination and back again.
Round trip may refer to:
Film
* Roundtrip (film), a 2004 comedy film
* Andata e ritorno, a 1985 documentary film
Music
* Round Trip (Phil Woods album), 1969
* Round Trip (Ralph Moore album), 1987
* Round Trip (Sadao Watanabe album), 1974
* Round Trip (The Gap Band album), 1989
* Round Trip (The Knack album), 1981
* Round Trip (Tony Harnell album), 2010
* Roundtrip, a 2007 album by Kirk Whalum
Other uses
* Round-tripping (finance), a type of financial transaction | WIKI |
Wesley Chapel, North Carolina
Wesley Chapel is a village in Union County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 8,681 at the 2020 census and was estimated to be 8,883 in 2021.
Geography
Wesley Chapel is located in the townships of Monroe and Sandy Ridge in eastern Union County, North Carolina. Part of the Charlotte metropolitan area, it sits east of Weddington, north of Waxhaw, west of Monroe, and south of Indian Trail.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 9.8 square miles (25.39 km2). It has a population density of 787.4 people per square mile. The majority of the village's area is land, aside from Price Mill Creek and some small residential ponds.
NC-84 passes through the village as Weddington Road. The village's main attractions are its central business district, known as Wesley Chapel Village Commons, and Dogwood Park.
History
The village of Wesley Chapel's existence can be traced back to the establishment of Wesley Chapel United Methodist Church, one of many United Methodist churches to be named after Methodism founder John Wesley's chapel in London. The Wesley Chapel church was founded in 1832 on the remains of an abandoned campground outside nearby Mineral Springs known as McWhorter Campground. The community became first recognized in the early 20th century as residents of Monroe and Vance Township in the early 20th century declared themselves as part of the Wesley Chapel vicinity of Sandy Ridge Township, taking the name from the Methodist church.
The village was originally known as Price's Mill, named after the family of Joseph Price and his son James Newton Price. The Price family began as farmers but acquired a significant portion of the land of Wesley Chapel and contributed to much of the village's early development.
James Newton Price served in the North Carolina General Assembly for four terms, during which he established Wesley Chapel High School in 1901 and served as the first director of the Wesley Chapel School District Board of Trustees. Wesley Chapel High School was the first rural public high school in North Carolina. The school burnt down in 1955 and reopened in 1961 as Wesley Chapel Elementary School following the opening of Sun Valley High School in Indian Trail. The school was destroyed in a fire and rebuilt again in 1966.
Wesley Chapel was officially incorporated as a village of Union County in 1998.
2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 2,707 households in Wesley Chapel with an average of 3.2 people per household.
54.5% of the population was between the ages of 18 and 65. 29.9% were younger than 18, with 3.1% of those being younger than five. 12.5% are over the age of 65. 52.7% of residents were men, and 47.3% were women.
96.2% of the population were homeowners, with the median home value being $368,200. The median income was $124,716 per the 2020 census. 3.3% of the population lives below the poverty line.
66.2% of men and 53.1% of women in Wesley Chapel were employed. 85.7% of people above the age of 25 had a high school diploma, while 37.6% held a bachelor's degree or higher.
2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 2,549 people, 867 households, and 762 families in the village. The population density was 302.8 PD/sqmi. There were 912 housing units at an average density of 108.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.02% White, 1.41% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.35% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.88%.
Of the 867 households 43.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 79.4% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.0% were non-families. 9.3% of households were one person and 2.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.14.
The age distribution was 29.1% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.7 males.
The median household income was $74,188 and the median family income was $73,000. Males had a median income of $41,620 versus $30,739 for females. The per capita income for the village was $30,143. About 4.1% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.4% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over. | WIKI |
Senate of Barbados
The Senate of Barbados is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Barbados. The Senate is accorded legitimacy by Chapter V of the Constitution of Barbados. It is the smaller of the two chambers. The Senate was established in 1964 to replace a prior body known as the Legislative Council. Besides creating and reviewing Barbadian legislation, the Senate generally reviews approved legislation originating from the House of Assembly (Lower House). One main constraint on the Senate is that it cannot author monetary or budget-related bills. Most of the non-political appointees to the Senate have been selected by the President of Barbados, from civil society organisations, labour collectives and public associations in Barbados. Prior to Barbados becoming a republic on the 30 November 2021, these fuctions were performed by the Governor-General, who was the viceroy of the Monarchy of Barbados which has since been abolished.
According to the Constitution of Barbados, 7 are chosen at the President's sole discretion, 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister and 2 on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition. In the absence of an opposition leader, the president appoints 2 extra senators bringing the total amount of independents to 9. The Senate sits for 20 to 25 days a year. The term of the Senate, and the House of Assembly, is five years; both chambers are dissolved before each election.
Composition
All 21 Barbadian Senators are formally appointed by the President, but this duty, as most of the President's duties, is carried out on the advice of other people. The President appoints 12 Senators on the advice of the Prime Minister and two on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition. This means that the Prime Minister effectively gets to appoint 12 Senators and the Leader of the Opposition effectively gets to appoint 2. The remaining seven Senators are nominated by the President at their discretion (that is, the President is not bound by other political leaders' advice in these appointments) to represent various religious, social, economic, or other interests in Barbados. In the absence of an opposition leader in parliament (i.e. in the case of a landslide victory where one party takes all 30 seats in the House of Assembly, as occurred in 2018 and 2022) the president will then appoint the remaining two senators in the opposition's stead allowing for 9 independents instead.
Potential Senators must meet certain criteria before they can be nominated to the upper chamber. In order to be eligible for appointment, a person must be a Barbadian citizen of at least 21 years of age who has resided in the country for the past twelve months. A person is ineligible for appointment if they are in bankruptcy, have a mental illness, hold an allegiance to a foreign state, have a capital punishment sentence, have been in prison for a time exceeding six months, or have been convicted of a crime involving electoral fraud, treason, or other dishonourable acts. Furthermore, a Senator cannot also serve as a civil servant, a member of the armed forces or police, a judge, a public prosecutor, a controller, or a current sitting member of the House of Assembly. Senators serve for five years.
Powers
Both the Senate and the House of Assembly constitutionally share most of the same powers, however, much as in other Westminster System Parliaments, the lower house is dominant. All legislation can be introduced and amended in either house with the exception of money bills; money bills always originate in the House of Assembly, and the Senate is limited in the amendments it can make to them. If the budget is approved by the House of Assembly, but it is not approved un-amended by the Senate within one month, it can be directly submitted to the President. If regular legislation is approved by the House of Assembly twice in two consecutive sessions, but is not approved of by the Senate either time, it can also be submitted directly to the President.
Officers
When a session begins, the senate elects a president and a vice president, who may not be ministers or parliamentary secretaries. The president of the senate usually votes only to break a tie. The president of the senate serves as acting president if the president of Barbados is suspended from office due to pending impeachment proceedings. | WIKI |
[No. S119046.
Aug. 15, 2005.]
STATE OF CALIFORNIA, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. ALTUS FINANCE, S.A. et al., Defendants and Respondents.
Counsel
Bill Lockyer, Attorney General, Manuel M. Medeiros, State Solicitor General, Andrea Lynn Hoch and James Humes, Chief Assistant Attorneys General, Taylor S. Carey, Acting Chief Assistant Attorney General, Christopher Ames, Assistant Attorney General, Larry G. Raskin, Randy L. Barrow and Jan Zabriskie, Deputy Attorneys General; Shartsis, Friese & Ginsburg, Arthur J. Shartsis, Mary Jo Shartsis and Charles R. Rice for Plaintiff and Appellant.
Phillips & Cohen, Eric Havian, Collette G. Matzzie; James Moorman and Amy Wilkins for Taxpayers Against Fraud as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Plaintiff and Appellant.
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, Theodore J. Boutrous, Jr., Christopher Chorba, Robert S. Warren, Robert L. Weigel, Marhsall R. King and James P. Clark for Defendants and Respondents Artemis S.A., Artemis Finance S.N.C., Artemis America Partnership, Aurora S.A. and Francois Pinault.
White & Case, Travers D. Wood, C. Randolph Fishburn, Catherine A. Stone, Caroline A. H. Sayers, Richard J. Holwell, Thomas McGanney, Joseph Nocella; Cleary Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton, Lawrence B. Friedman and Jennifer L. Kroman for Defendants and Respondents Crédit Lyonnais S.A., Consortium De Realisation S.A. and CDR Enterprises.
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, James E. Lyons, Thomas E. Stevens; Arnold & Porter, John J. Quinn and John A. Kronstadt for Defendants and Respondents Apollo Advisors, L.P., Leon D. Black, Craig M. Cogut, John J. Hannan, Lion Advisors, L.P., Pegasus Insurance Partners and Eric B. Siegel.
Sidley Austin Brown & Wood, Theodore N. Miller, Robert A. Holland, Joshua E. Anderson, Richard D. Bernstein, Virginia A. Seitz and Jacqueline G. Cooper for Defendants and Respondents Aurora National Life Insurance Company and New California Life Holdings, Inc.
Pillsbury Winthrop, Philip S. Warden, John M. Grenfell, Robert L. Wallen; Foley & Lardner, William Carlisle Herbert, Lori V. Minassian, Kathleen R. Pasulka-Brown, Susanne R. Blossom; McNitt & Loeb and Robert L. McNitt for Bank of New York, Bank of New York Corporate Trust, Chase Bank Texas, Chase Manhattan Trust Company, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, Minnesota, N.A., National Organization of Life and Health Insurance Guaranty Associations and Structured Settlements Trade Association as Amici Curiae on behalf of Defendants and Respondents.
Horvitz & Levy, David M. Axelrad and Daniel J. Gonzalez for 21st Century Insurance Company as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Defendants and Respondents.
Opinion
MORENO, J.
We granted the request of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit to answer two questions of law. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 29.8.) (1) Can the Attorney General pursue civil remedies, under the California False Claims Act (CFCA) (Gov. Code, § 12650 et seq.) and the unfair competition law (UCL) (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 17200 et seq.) concerning the assets of an insolvent insurance company for which the Insurance Commissioner is acting as conservator or liquidator, or does the Insurance Code, particularly section 1037, give exclusive authority to the Insurance Commissioner to bring civil actions? (2) Do assets to which the Insurance Commissioner acquires title from an insolvent insurance company under Insurance Code section 1011 constitute “state funds” within the meaning of the CFCA?
Answering the second question first, we conclude that the Insurance Commissioner (Commissioner), as a conservator of the insolvent insurance company’s assets, holds these assets in trust for private parties, primarily the insurance company’s policyholders. These assets do not become “state funds” within the meaning of Government Code section 12650. The CFCA does not apply because it was intended to prevent false requests or demands that impact the public treasury.
Turning to the first question, we conclude that the Attorney General may not pursue an action under the CFCA because the assets in question are not “state funds” within the meaning of the CFCA. As to the UCL claims, as explained below, these claims must be parsed according to the type of remedies sought. The Attorney General seeks to pursue three remedies under the UCL: restitution, civil penalties, and injunctive relief. The first, restitution from the losses resulting from the allegedly fraudulent acquisition of the insolvent insurance company’s assets, trespasses directly on the core function of the Commissioner as conservator of the company. We conclude the Attorney General may not, consistent with Insurance Code section 1037 subdivision (f), pursue such a remedy. In pursuing the second remedy, civil penalties based on defendants’ allegedly unlawful conduct in violating state and federal statutes, the Attorney General acts primarily in his role as the state’s chief law enforcement officer, seeking to punish and deter unlawful conduct. We conclude that the Attorney General may pursue such a remedy under the UCL. Third, the Attorney General seeks injunctive relief, but the object of the injunctive relief is unclear from the record. As explained, post, he may pursue that relief only to the extent that it implicates core law enforcement functions rather than duplicating the role played by the Commissioner as conservator of the insolvent company.
I. Statement of Facts
We state the facts as they appear in the Ninth Circuit’s request to this court. Because the case came to the Ninth Circuit as a motion to dismiss, its statement of the facts is based on the Attorney General’s pleadings. They are as follows:
More than a decade ago, Executive Life Insurance Company (ELIC), a California insurance company with approximately 300,000 insureds, became insolvent when many policyholders cashed out their policies because of concerns about ELIC’s large junk bond portfolio. Pursuant to California law (see Ins. Code, § 1011), the Commissioner seized ELIC’s assets on April 11, 1991, by order of the superior court and put ELIC into conservatorship.
The Commissioner adopted and implemented a two-part plan to rehabilitate ELIC. First, defendant Altus Finance, S.A. (Altus), a French company, purchased the company’s junk bond portfolio. Second, other French investors, the MAAF Group, formed a holding company, New California Life Holdings (NCLH), that in turn purchased ELIC’s insurance business and named the new company Aurora National Life Assurance Company (Aurora). The MAAF Group owned two-thirds of NCLH.
According to the Attorney General, the corporation behind these transactions was Credit Lyonnais, a French bank owned in part by the government of France, operating through its subsidiary, Altus. Credit Lyonnais and affiliated companies are among the defendants here, along with American investment bankers (hereinafter Apollo) and other purported coconspirators that acted as fronts for Altus. The complaint alleges that “[t]he Commissioner did not know that the MAAF Group was controlled by Altus or that Apollo would share in the profits generated by the Insurance Business or the Bonds. California law required disclosure of such an interest.” Moreover, Apollo and Altus/Crédit Lyonnais knew they could not meet the announced bidding requirements because neither had any experience operating an insurance business, and state and federal law prohibited Altus from owning or operating the insurance business anyway. Apollo also knew that the Commissioner would not approve of Apollo acquiring any financial interest in the insurance business because of its bad public image as a result of its extensive connections with Drexel Burnham Lambert and Michael Milken.
The Attorney General alleges that Altus fraudulently acquired ELIC’s insurance company assets from the Commissioner, in violation of state insurance and federal banking law. Insurance Code section 699.5 precludes foreign governments, agencies, or subdivisions thereof from owning, operating, or controlling, directly or indirectly, a California insurance company. The Bank Holding Company Act, 12 United States Code section 1841 et seq., prohibits a foreign bank from owning an American insurance company.
Altus and its fronts purportedly made false statements denying that Credit Lyonnais would have any equity interest in or control over the buyers. Yet after Altus secretly acquired the insurance company assets, “[ujsing a backdated and falsified agreement, Altus sold Artemis [S.A., a French company owned in part by Credit Lyonnais and Frangois Pinault] the insurance business, and Apollo orchestrated the timing of formal transfers of ownership from the phony fronts to Artemis in order to avoid public scrutiny.” The Attorney General’s complaint states that “[h]ad the true facts been disclosed, the Commissioner could not and would not have approved the Altus/NCLH bid.”
Artemis subsequently obtained the Commissioner’s approval to buy shares in NCLH from the MAAF Group, using applications that did not disclose the Artemis-Altus relationship. By 1995, Artemis had acquired all of the MAAF Group’s interest in NCLH and therefore controlled Aurora.
After the Commissioner discovered that the purchasers of ELIC’s insurance company assets were controlled by prohibited foreign entities, he filed suit in state court on February 18, 1999, alleging fraud and seeking damages. Credit Lyonnais removed the case to federal court. The same district court judge who decided the instant case is hearing that litigation, in which most of the defendants are also defendants here.
Also in February 1999, a qui tam plaintiff (RoNo LLC) filed a sealed whistleblower complaint. The Attorney General intervened in the qui tam action, which was subsequently removed by defendants to federal court based on the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, 28 United States Code sections 1330, 1602 et seq., and consolidated with the Commissioner’s action for discovery and pretrial purposes. In January 2002, the Attorney General filed his first amended complaint, naming the Apollo parties as additional defendants. The Attorney General asserts that the State of California was damaged in an amount in excess of $2 billion by defendants’ unlawful transactions, because the ELIC business could have been sold to other entities at a higher price and a lower cost had the truth been known, with the result that more money would have been available for ELIC’s policyholders.
The present lawsuit seeks, inter alia, treble damages under the CFCA, as well as “civil penalties and an order for restitution of all monies and property obtained and disgorgement of all profits derived ... as well as injunctive relief’ under the UCL.
The district court found that Insurance Code section 1037 subdivision (f), which as explained, post, grants the Commissioner, as conservator and liquidator of the insolvent insurer’s assets, exclusive authority to litigate matters in connection therewith, precludes the Attorney General from prosecuting this action. The court expressed concern that the Attorney General’s claims are “utterly dependent on the testimony of the Insurance Commissioner .... Plaintiff has failed to make a single argument (and this Court cannot conceive of one) why it is necessary or even beneficial for two entirely separate and different agencies of the Executive Branch of the State of Cahfomia to pursue virtually identical claims against substantially the same defendants.” As a matter of statutory interpretation, the district court held that “[although these respective cases have been consolidated for discovery and probably could be consolidated at trial, the continued prosecution of superfluous lawsuits causes inherent and great delay, huge additional expenses and a host of complicated conceptual and practical problems. The California Legislature surely did not intend such a result when it enacted section 1037 [subdivision] (f) of the Insurance Code.”
The Attorney General appealed, and the Ninth Circuit requested a decision from this court on the above questions.
II. Discussion
A. Are Assets of the Insolvent Insurer “State Funds”?
We answer the second question first, i.e., whether assets to which the Commissioner acquires title constitute “state funds” within the meaning of the CFCA, and specifically Government Code section 12650, subdivision (b)(1) (hereinafter Government Code, section 12650(b)(1).)
The CFCA imposes liability on any person who “[k]nowingly presents or causes to be presented to an officer or employee of the state ... a false claim for payment or approval.” (Gov. Code, § 12651, subd. (a)(1).) The CFCA defines a “claim” as “any request or demand for money, property, or services made to any employee, officer, or agent of the state or of any political subdivision, or to any contractor, grantee, or other recipient, whether under contract or not, if any portion of the money, property, or services requested or demanded issued from, or was provided by, the state (hereinafter ‘state funds’)____” (Gov. Code, § 12650(b)(1).)
The Attorney General argues that ELIC’s assets temporarily became “state funds” when the Commissioner exercised his authority under Insurance Code section 1011 to acquire and subsequently distribute those assets to the defendants in the ELIC conservatorship proceedings. Insurance Code section 1011 provides in pertinent part: “The superior court of the county in which the principal office of a person described in Section 1010 [i.e., insurance companies and specified other entities] is located shall, upon the filing by the commissioner of the verified application showing any of the following conditions hereinafter enumerated to exist, issue its order vesting title to all of the assets of that person, wheresoever situated, in the commissioner or his or her successor in office, in his official capacity as such, and direct the commissioner forthwith to take possession of all of its books, records, property, real and personal, and assets, and to conduct, as conservator, the business of said person, or so much thereof as to the commissioner may seem appropriate, and enjoining said person and its officers, directors, agents, servants, and employees from the transaction of its business or disposition of its property until the further order of said court: [][]... [f] (d) That such person is found, after an examination, to be in such condition that its further transaction of business will be hazardous to its policyholders, or creditors, or to the public.” (Ins. Code, § 1011, italics added.)
The statute is part of a statutory scheme found in chapter 1, article 14 of the Insurance Code (hereinafter article 14), relating to the Commissioner’s treatment of insolvent insurers. Article 14 is the functional equivalent of federal bankruptcy laws, which generally do not apply to insurance companies. (11 U.S.C. § 109(b)(2).) After acquiring title to the insolvent insurer’s assets, the Commissioner’s role is as “a trustee for the benefit of all creditors and other persons interested in the estate of the person against whom the proceedings are pending.” (Ins. Code, § 1057.) The Commissioner acts as “conservator or liquidator” of the assets. (Id., § 1037.) Public policy favors rehabilitating the insurance company if possible, with liquidation as a last resort. (Id., § 1016 [proceeding to liquidation when conservation is “futile”]; Commercial Nat. Bank v. Superior Court (1993) 14 Cal.App.4th 393, 398 [17 Cal.Rptr.2d 884].) In order to effect rehabilitation, the Commissioner may enter into a court-approved rehabilitation agreement. (Ins. Code, § 1043.) The Commissioner’s conservatorship is terminated by the court at the behest of either the Commissioner or the insurer when the ground for such conservator-ship “does not exist or has been removed” and when the insurer “can properly resume title and possession of its property and the conduct of its business.” (Id., § 1012.) If the Commissioner goes the liquidation route, his or her role terminates after executing a court-approved plan for disbursing the insurer’s assets among its creditors. (Id., § 1035.5.)
The Attorney General argues that the phrase “issued from” as it appears in Government Code, section 12650(b)(1) encompasses the transfer of property at issue in this case, i.e., property temporarily controlled by the Commissioner as a trustee on behalf of private parties. “In statutory construction cases, our fundamental task is to ascertain the intent of the lawmakers so as to effectuate the purpose of the statute. [Citation]. ‘We begin by examining the statutory language, giving the words their usual and ordinary meaning.’ ” (Estate of Griswold (2001) 25 Cal.4th 904, 910-911 [108 Cal.Rptr.2d 165, 24 P.3d 1191].) The Attorney General contends that the dictionary definition of the phrase “to issue” supports his position. Specifically, the Attorney General points to Black’s Law Dictionary (5th ed. 1979) page 745, which defines the verb “to issue” as, inter alia, “[t]o send out, to send out officially ... to deliver, for use or authoritatively . . . .” The Attorney General also cites Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (1981) page 1201, which defines “to issue” as, inter alia, “1. to cause to come forth .... 3.a. to cause to appear or become available by bringing out for distribution to or sale or circulation among the public.”
“ ‘[T]o seek the meaning of a statute is not simply to look up dictionary definitions and then stitch together the results. Rather, it is to discern the sense of the statute, and therefore its words, in the legal and broader culture. Obviously, a statute has no meaning apart from its words. Similarly, its words have no meaning apart from the world in which they are spoken.’ ” (Hodges v. Superior Court (1999) 21 Cal.4th 109, 114 [86 Cal.Rptr.2d 884, 980 P.2d 433] [considering the term “arising out of’].) In the present case, we do not believe that the Attorney General’s proffered dictionary definitions shed light on the narrow question at issue here. The term “to issue” is generally employed as an abstract legal term that can apply to a broad range of activities—including “issuing” a search warrant or “issuing” capital stock of a company. (Black's Law Dict. (7th ed. 1999) p. 836.) Although the dictionary definitions of “to issue” cited by the Attorney General could theoretically encompass a transfer of private property held in trust by a public official, the use of the general term “issued from” does not definitively resolve whether the Legislature intended that specific meaning. Certainly, the term “issued from” has no special or connotative meaning that points inexorably to its application in the present context.
Because the language of the statute does not answer the question before us, “ ‘we look to a variety of extrinsic aids, including the ostensible objects to be achieved, the evils to be remedied, the legislative history, . . . and the statutory scheme of which the statute is a part.’ ” (Granberry v. Islay Investments (1995) 9 Cal.4th 738, 744 [38 Cal.Rptr.2d 650, 889 P.2d 970].) The legislative history of the CFCA indicates that the statute’s purpose was to protect the public treasury and the taxpayers. The principal drafter of the statute testified before the Assembly Committee on the Judiciary that the statute, which has a whistleblower component (see Gov. Code, § 12653), would be self-executing in that it would “deputiz[e] citizens to join the fight to protect the public treasury.” (Sen. Com. on Judiciary, Rep. on Assem. Bill No. 1441 (1987-1988 Reg. Sess.) appended testimony of David Huebner, representative of the Center for Law in the Public Interest, before Assem. Com. on Judiciary, May 6, 1987, p. 3) Moreover, “taxpayers benefit because their hard-earned dollars are no longer squandered through fraudulent practices .... [T]axpayers see their elected representatives . . . calling upon the source of the funds, the taxpayers themselves, for assistance. The only losers ... are those who . . . expect to get away with raiding the public treasury.” {Id., p. 4.) The statute’s legislative sponsor, Assemblyman Floyd, stated in his letter urging Governor Deukmejian to sign the CFCA: “This bill lets the state recover treble damages plus penalties from contractors who try to rip off the taxpayer.” (Assemblyman R.E. Floyd, letter to Governor Deukmejian re Assem. Bill No. 1441 (1987-1988 Reg. Sess.), Sept. 15, 1987.)
California courts have consistently reaffirmed that the Legislature “obviously designed [the CFCA] to prevent fraud on the public treasury,” (Southern Cal. Rapid Transit Dist. v. Superior Court (1994) 30 Cal.App.4th 713, 725 [36 Cal.Rptr.2d 665] (Southern Cal. Rapid Transit Dist.), and that “[t]he ultimate purpose of the [CFCA] is to protect the public fisc.” (City of Hawthorne ex rel. Wohlner v. H & C Disposal Co. (2003) 109 Cal.App.4th 1668, 1677 [1 Cal.Rptr.3d 312]; accord, Laraway v. Sutro & Co., Inc. (2002) 96 Cal.App.4th 266, 274 [116 Cal.Rptr.2d 823]; City of Pomona v. Superior Court (2001) 89 Cal.App.4th 793, 801 [107 Cal.Rptr.2d 710]; Levine v. Weis (1998) 68 Cal.App.4th 758, 765 [80 Cal.Rptr.2d 439].)
Because the purpose of the CFCA is to protect the public treasury and the taxpayer, we next inquire into whether that purpose would be fulfilled by treating the property at issue in this case as “state funds.” Our starting point is Carpenter v. Pacific Mutual Life Ins. Co. (1937) 10 Cal.2d 307 [74 P.2d 761] (Carpenter), in which this court addressed the nature of the Commissioner’s property interest in the assets of an insolvent insurance company. In Carpenter, policyholders of an insolvent insurer subject to rehabilitation proceedings under Insurance Code section 1011 challenged a court order affirming the rehabilitation plan, arguing that the Commissioner improperly used the insolvent insurer’s assets to purchase stock in a new insurance company. (Carpenter, supra, 10 Cal.2d at p. 339.) The policyholders asserted that in using the assets to purchase stock of another company, the “commissioner as conservator” violated a California constitutional provision (Cal. Const., former art. XII, § 13, now art. XVI, § 17), prohibiting the state from loaning its credit to, subscribing to, or otherwise being interested in the stock of a corporation.
This court acknowledged that Insurance Code section 1011 “vest[s] the commissioner with title to all the assets of the [insolvent insurance] company.” (Carpenter, supra, 10 Cal.2d at p. 330.) It also recognized that the Commissioner is a “state officer” and that the “state has an interest in rehabilitating insolvent insurance companies.” (Id. at p. 340.) Carpenter nonetheless rejected the argument that the Commissioner’s temporary control over the property rendered the state “interested” in the stock of the new insurer. “Of course the insurance commissioner is a state officer, and of course the state has an interest in rehabilitating insolvent insurance companies, but that interest is not a vested interest as is contemplated by the above constitutional provision. Section 1057 of the Insurance Code . . . expressly provides that in all proceedings thereunder the commissioner acts as trustee for the benefit of all of the creditors of the insolvent company. It is quite clear that the commissioner by subscribing to the stock of the new company has not loaned the credit of the state to the new company. Not a penny of state money has gone into the treasury of the new company .... The commissioner acting pursuant to statute, with court approval, took certain assets of the old company and transferred them to the new company in exchange for the stock which he holds as trustee for the benefit of the creditors of the old company. Obviously, the commissioner as a state officer did not subscribe to the stock of the new company so as to make the state a stockholder.” (Ibid., italics added.)
Thus, both Carpenter and the Insurance Code provisions cited, ante, demonstrate that the assets to which the Commissioner holds title do not become part of the public treasury, but are held in trust for the benefit of private parties. This point is underscored by what the Commissioner actually did with the proceeds of the sale of ELIC’s assets in the present case. As recounted by the district court in this case, these proceeds were not transferred to the state’s General Fund, but rather were initially invested in an escrow account established by the Commissioner, and were ultimately conveyed to private corporations. (State of California ex rel. RoNo, LLC, (C.D.Cal. 2002) No. CV01-8587AHM (CWX), 2002 WL 1008251 at *9; see also In re Executive Life Ins. Co. (1995) 32 Cal.App.4th 344, 360-361 [38 Cal.Rptr.2d 453].) At no time did these funds in any sense become public funds.
The Attorney General’s argument that the assets are state funds is further undermined by language elsewhere in the CFCA, particularly Government Code section 12651, subdivision (a). That subdivision states that the penalty for a violation of the CFCA is “three times the amount of damages which the state . . . sustains.” In the present case, in which the state holds property in trust for private beneficiaries, the state has sustained no damages. The Attorney General contends that absent defendants’ allegedly fraudulent bid for ELIC’s assets, another bidder would have paid more money for the property. But the Attorney General does not dispute that any additional money paid for ELIC’s assets by an alternate bidder would have ultimately been distributed to policyholders and other creditors of ELIC rather than deposited into the state treasury. (See Ins. Code, § 1033.) Indeed, the state has disclaimed any liability under the rehabilitation plan, which states that “the parties hereto agree and acknowledge that the State of California is not a party and shall have no liability with respect hereto.”
The Attorney General cites Southern Cal. Rapid Transit Dist., supra, 30 Cal.App.4th 713, for the proposition that a false claim under the CFCA does not require financial harm to the public treasury. In that case, the court held that the defendants’ false documentation regarding their status as a disadvantaged business enterprise fell within the scope of the CFCA. The distinction between that case and the present one is fundamental. In Southern Cal. Rapid Transit Dist., the defendants’ fraudulent documentation was in connection with a bid that would have led a governmental entity to provide funds from the public treasury under false pretenses. In other words, it was an attempt to defraud the government out of public funds. In the present case, no such public funds are at issue. In fact, Southern Cal. Rapid Transit Dist. stated that “As a statute obviously designed to prevent fraud on the public treasury, [Government Code] section 12653 plainly should be given the broadest possible construction consistent with that purpose.” (Southern Cal. Rapid Transit Dist., supra, 30 Cal.App.4th at p. 725, italics added.) Although the CFCA authorizes civil penalties for attempts to misappropriate public funds that were not in fact completed by payment from the treasury (see Gov. Code, § 12651, subd. (a)(1) [anyone who “[k]nowingly presents or causes to be presented ... a false claim for payment or approval” may be liable under the CFCA]), we are aware of no successful CFCA case that did not involve either potential or actual harm to the public treasury.
Moreover, the CFCA “is patterned on similar federal legislation” and it is appropriate to look to precedent construing the equivalent federal act. (Laraway v. Sutro & Co., Inc., supra, 96 Cal.App.4th at pp. 274—275.) Federal authority construing the FFCA supports our construction of the CFCA. In Hutchins v. Wilentz, Goldman & Spitzer (3d Cir. 2001) 253 F.3d 176 (Hutchins), the court affirmed the dismissal of a claim brought under the FFCA based on fraudulently inflated legal bills submitted to the United States Trustee and United States Bankruptcy Court in various bankruptcy proceedings. Although the fraudulently procured check in Hutchins was signed by a “government agent,” payment came not from the United States government but from the assets of those in bankruptcy. Like the CFCA, the FFCA defines “claim” to include requests for property “if the United States Government provides any portion of the . . . property.” (31 U.S.C. 3729(c).)
The Hutchins court held there was no false claim under the FFCA. The court first reviewed the legislative history behind the statute. “The False Claims Act was originally adopted following a series of sensational congressional investigations into the sale of provisions and munitions to the War Department. Testimony before Congress painted a sordid picture of how the United States had been billed for nonexistent or worthless goods, charged exorbitant prices for goods delivered, and generally robbed in purchasing the necessities of war. Congress wanted to stop this plundering of the public treasury. At the same time it is equally clear that the False Claims Act was not designed to reach every kind of fraud practiced on the Government.” (Hutchins, supra, 253 F.3d at p. 183.)
The Hutchins court then concluded that the bills submitted to the bankruptcy court and United States Trustee were not within the scope of the FFCA because “the submission of false claims to the United States government for approval which do not or would not cause financial loss to the government are not within the purview of the False Claims Act.” (Hutchins, supra, 253 F.3d at p. 184.) “[T]he purpose of the [FFCA] ‘was to provide for restitution to the government of [any] money taken from it by fraud.’ [Citation.] It was not intended to impose liability for every false statement made to the government. . . .” {Ibid) “Extending the [FFCA] to reach any false statement made to the government, regardless of any impact on the United States Treasury, would appear to impermissibly expand standing doctrine and essentially permit any [qui tarn] plaintiff to sue on behalf of the government when false or misleading statements are made to any government agent including the courts, the legislature or any law enforcement officer.” (Id. at p. 184, fn. 5.)
The Attorney General contends Hutchins is distinguishable because in that case the United States Trustee may not have been acting as a bankruptcy trustee, analogous to the conservatorship role played by the Commissioner in this case, but merely as an administrator overseeing bankruptcy proceedings. Yet whether the United States Trustee was serving as a trustee or merely supervising trastees, the significant similarity remains: false claims were made to assets that never became public funds, and therefore those claims had no potential or actual impact on the public treasury.
The Attorney General argues that the Commissioner, in discharging his duties under article 14, is primarily acting not as a trustee of private funds but as a public officer. He cites Insurance Code section 1059, which provides that in the performance of any of his duties under article 14, the Commissioner “shall be deemed to be a public officer acting in his official capacity on behalf of the State.” (Ins. Code, § 1059.) In that connection he also cites Mitchell v. Taylor (1935) 3 Cal.2d 217 [43 P.2d 803]. In Mitchell, the Commissioner was appointed liquidator of an insolvent insurance company and on appeal from an adverse ruling, sought to avoid a statutory filing fee. The Mitchell court found that the Commissioner was acting in his official capacity on behalf of the state, and thus was exempt from the fee under former Political Code section 4295, which stated that “ ‘the state ... or any public officer . . . acting in his . . . official capacity on behalf of the state . . . shall not be required to pay or deposit any fee for the filing of any document or paper, or for the performance of any official service ....’” (Mitchell, at p. 218.) In arriving at this conclusion, the Mitchell court reasoned that the “state has an interest” in the liquidation of insolvent insurance companies and that the Insolvency Act has “made provision for a state officer to protect and advance that interest.” (Id. at p. 219.)
There is no question that when the Commissioner acts to rehabilitate an insolvent insurer, he does so as a public officer and furthers a public interest. But it is equally clear that, when he performs that particular public office, he also serves as a conservator and trustee on behalf of private policyholders and creditors. “The Commissioner is an officer of the state [citation] who, when he or she is a conservator, exercises the state’s police power to carry forward the public interest and to protect policyholders and creditors of the insolvent insurer.” (In re Executive Life Ins. Co., supra, 32 Cal.App.4th at p. 356.) The Commissioner’s role as a public officer is wholly consistent with his role as a trustee under article 14. Nothing in Mitchell suggests that, because the .Commissioner acts as a public officer under article 14, he or she transforms': tjhe assets acquired pursuant to Insurance Code section 1011 into public funds.
In sum, we conclude that the “state funds” necessary to state a claim under the CFCA only include funds that are in some sense part of the public treasury, the diminution of which harms or would harm taxpayers. When the Commissioner takes title to the assets of an insolvent insurer pursuant to Insurance Code section 1011, he holds them as a trustee for the benefit of private parties, and they never become part of the public treasury. Because the Attorney General alleges that defendants falsely procured private, rather than public, funds, he may not allege a claim under the CFCA.
Our holding that such fraud is not within the scope of the CFCA obviously does not mean that those perpetuating the fraud may escape liability. As the record makes clear, the Commissioner, as trustee of the insolvent insurance company, has sought both substantial compensatory and punitive damages against at least some of the defendants in this action for their alleged fraud and misconduct. All that we hold is that the specific remedies under the CFCA are available not for any fraud against the government but rather one which leads to potential or actual injury to the public treasury and the taxpayer. No such injury is present when false claims involve the insolvent insurers’ assets that the Commissioner holds in trust for private parties.
B. The Attorney General’s Standing to Pursue His Claims in Light of Insurance Code Section 1037, Subdivision (f).
We turn now to the first question, that is, can the Attorney General pursue civil remedies, under the CFCA and the UCL, concerning the assets of an insolvent insurance company for which the Commissioner is acting as conservator or liquidator, or does the Insurance Code, particularly section 1037, subdivision (f), give exclusive authority to the Commissioner to bring civil actions?
As discussed in the first part of this opinion, the assets to which the Commissioner acquires title from an insolvent insurance company under Insurance Code section 1101 are not “state funds” within the meaning of the CFCA. Therefore, the Attorney General has no standing to pursue a CFCA claim that pertains to those assets.
As for the UCL claim, as explained, post, we conclude the answer varies depending upon the remedy sought. Accordingly, each remedy the Attorney General seeks under the UCL—restitution, civil penalties, and injunctive relief—will be discussed in turn.
1. Restitution
“Through the UCL a plaintiff may obtain restitution and/or injunctive relief against unfair or unlawful practices in order to protect the public and restore to the parties in interest money or property taken by means of unfair competition.” (Kraus v. Trinity Management Services, Inc. (2000) 23 Cal.4th 116, 126 [96 Cal.Rptr.2d 485, 999 P.2d 718] (Kraus); see Bus. & Prof. Code, § 17204.) A UCL action may be prosecuted by the Attorney General, by certain specified local law enforcement officials, “or by any person who has suffered injury in fact and has lost money or property as a result of such unfair competition.” (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 17204.)
Business and Professions Code section 17205 provides: “Unless otherwise expressly provided, the remedies or penalties provided by [the UCL] are cumulative to each other and to the remedies or penalties available under all other laws of this state.” Therefore, the fact that there are alternative remedies under a specific statute does not preclude a UCL remedy, unless the statute itself provides that the remedy is to be exclusive. (See Stop Youth Addiction, Inc. v. Lucky Stores, Inc. (1998) 17 Cal.4th 553, 573 [71 Cal.Rptr.2d 731, 950 P.2d 1086] (Stop Youth Addiction).) We conclude that Insurance Code section 1037, subdivision (f) is such an express limit on the authority of the Attorney General to seek a restitutionary remedy under the UCL.
As discussed in the previous part of this opinion, Insurance Code section 1057 defines the Commissioner’s basic role in insolvent insurance company proceedings: “In all proceedings under this article, the commissioner shall be deemed to be a trustee for the benefit of all creditors and other persons interested in the estate of the person against whom the proceedings are pending.” Insurance Code section 1037 further defines the Commissioner’s role when he takes possession of the property of the insolvent company. It provides in pertinent part: “Upon taking possession of the property and business of any person in any proceeding under this article, the commissioner, exclusively and except as otherwise expressly provided by this article, either as conservator or liquidator. [][]... [f] (f) May, for the purpose of executing and performing any of the powers and authority conferred upon the commissioner under this article, in the name of the person affected by the proceeding or in the commissioner’s own name, prosecute and defend any and all suits and other legal proceedings, and execute, acknowledge and deliver any and all deeds, assignments, releases and other instruments necessary and proper to effectuate any sale of any real and personal property . . . .” (Italics added.)
The purpose of article 14 is, like federal bankruptcy law, to ensure the equitable distribution of an insolvent debtor’s property among creditors, but it also has “the additional and more urgent purpose of protecting an insurance company’s policyholders, as well as its creditors, by preventing dissipation of the company’s assets when it is found by the Commissioner to be in a hazardous condition.” (Garamendi v. Executive Life Ins. Co. (1993) 17 Cal.App.4th 504, 519 [21 Cal.Rptr.2d 578].) Insurance Code section 1037, subdivision (f) recognizes that the Commissioner as trustee has the exclusive right to protect the interests of policyholders and other creditors. The statute is therefore in accord with the law of trusts, which generally gives the trustee, rather than the beneficiaries of the trust, the right to sue on behalf of the trust. (See City of Atascadero v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith (1998) 68 Cal.App.4th 445, 461—462 [80 Cal.Rptr.2d 329]; see also 4 Scott on Trusts (4th ed. 1989) § 282, pp. 26-28.) The Attorney General recognizes that the purpose of article 14 is to preclude “common-law derivative actions by interested persons which are historically barred under trust laws.”
A UCL claim for restitution seeks to compel “defendants] to return money obtained through an unfair business practice to those persons in interest from whom the property was taken, that is, to persons who had an ownership interest in the property or those claiming through that person.” (Kraus, supra, 23 Cal.4th at pp. 126-127, fn. omitted.) The Attorney General affirms that the restitutionary remedy “will inure to the benefit of ELIC’s creditors.”
There can be little doubt that if, for example, a policyholder attempted a common law action seeking restitution as a remedy to restore property lost by an insolvent insurance company, such an action would be precluded by Insurance Code section 1037, subdivision (f). The suit would fall squarely within the exclusive role of the Commissioner, as conservator and trustee, to “prosecute and defend any and all suits and other legal proceedings” pertaining to the insolvent insurer’s property and business. (Ibid.) There can also be little doubt that a policyholder’s suit seeking such a restitutionary remedy on behalf of the insolvent company would be precluded by section 1037, subdivision (f), regardless of whether the claim for restitution was brought under the UCL or under a common law theory. In either case, the claim, in substance, would usurp the Commissioner’s exclusive role as conservator and trustee under article 14 generally and section 1037, subdivision (f) specifically.
It is difficult to see how the situation would be different if it were the Attorney General, rather than a policyholder, bringing a UCL action for restitution. It is true that the Attorney General is the state’s chief law enforcement officer, and that restitution may have a collateral law enforcement effect, punishing the wrongdoer against whom restitution is sought. But the primary purpose of the Attorney General’s attempt at restitution is to recover lost property on behalf of an insolvent insurer’s creditors and policyholders. As such, he seeks to perform an action that is quintessentially within the scope of the Commissioner’s power as conservator and trustee of the insolvent company. Because Insurance Code section 1037, subdivision (f) assigns the role of pursuing such restitutionary remedies on behalf of creditors and policyholders of the insolvent company exclusively to the Commissioner, we conclude that the Attorney General may not pursue that remedy.* ******
The Attorney General cites People v. Pacific Land Research Co. (1977) 20 Cal.3d 10 [141 Cal.Rptr. 20, 569 P.2d 125] (Pacific Land Research Co.) in support of his position. In that case the Attorney General sought civil penalties, injunctive relief, and restitution pursuant to Business and Professions Code section 17535 against a company alleged to have made the misrepresentations in connection with the sale of land. This court rejected the defendant’s contention that the Attorney General’s action for restitution was in substance a class action lawsuit that was required to comply with the same procedural safeguards as private class action suits. (Pacific Land Research Co., supra, 20 Cal.3d at p. 16.) As we stated, in distinguishing the Attorney General’s action from a private class action suit: “An action filed by the People seeking injunctive relief and civil penalties is fundamentally a law enforcement action designed to protect the public and not to benefit private parties. The purpose of injunctive relief is to prevent continued violations of the law and to prevent violators from dissipating funds illegally obtained. Civil penalties, which are paid to the government [citations], are designed to penalize a defendant for past illegal conduct. The request for restitution on behalf of vendees in such an action is only ancillary to the primary remedies sought for the benefit of the public. [Citation.] While restitution would benefit the vendees by the return of the money illegally obtained, such repayment is not the primary object of the suit, as it is in most private class actions.” (Id. at p. 17.)
While the above is true, it is not significant in the present context. Although the action by the Attorney General for restitution may be ancillary to the “primary remedies” tied directly to law enforcement actions, the Attorney General cannot, when the Commissioner acts as conservator of an insolvent insurance company, pursue such remedies without trespassing on the Commissioner’s role.
The Attorney General also cites cases holding that the UCL endowed the Attorney General and the Commissioner with concurrent jurisdiction over violations of the Insurance Code. In Farmers Ins. Exchange v. Superior Court (1992) 2 Cal.4th 377 [6 Cal.Rptr.2d 487, 826 P.2d 730], for example, we concluded that a statutory scheme that permitted those improperly denied a good drivers discount to pursue an administrative remedy with the Commissioner (see Ins. Code, §§ 1858, 1861.02 and 1861.05) did not preclude the Attorney General’s UCL action, although we held the Commissioner had primary jurisdiction over the complaint. (Farmers Ins. Exchange, supra, 2 Cal.4th at pp. 394-395, 398-399.) But in that and other cases cited by the Attorney General, the Commissioner acted as a regulator, and there was nothing in the regulatory scheme to suggest an exception to the rule that UCL remedies are “cumulative ... to remedies and penalties available under all other laws of this state.” (Id. at p. 395; see also People ex rel. Orloff v. Pacific Bell (2003) 31 Cal.4th 1132, 1155 [7 Cal.Rptr.3d 315, 80 P.3d 201] [district attorney may pursue UCL action against public utility for misleading representations despite the Public Utility Commission’s concurrent jurisdiction].) In the present case, the Commissioner is acting primarily not as regulator but as conservator and trustee, and is given, as discussed, the exclusive authority to act on behalf of the insolvent insurer’s policyholders and creditors in civil actions. This exclusive authority precludes the Attorney General from exercising concurrent jurisdiction in a manner that would essentially duplicate the Commissioner’s legal action. The Attorney General’s claim for restitution under the UCL does precisely that and is therefore barred by Insurance Code section 1037, subdivision (f).
2. Civil Penalties
The Attorney General’s claim for civil penalties under the UCL is a different matter. Civil penalties are authorized by Business and Professions Code section 17206, which provides in pertinent part: “(a) Any person who engages, has engaged, or proposes to engage in unfair competition shall be liable for a civil penalty not to exceed two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500) for each violation, which shall be assessed and recovered in a civil action brought in the name of the people of the State of California by the Attorney General,” and by district attorneys, city attorneys and county counsel under specified circumstances. Thus, unlike Business and Professions Code section 17204, which authorizes that the injunctive and restitutionary remedies provided in the UCL may be pursued by “any person who has suffered injury in fact,” section 17206 limits the acquisition of civil penalties to the Attorney General and other specified government officials.
Further, Business and Professions Code section 17206, subdivision (c) provides: “If the action is brought by the Attorney General, one-half of the penalty collected shall be paid to the treasurer of the county in which the judgment was entered, and one-half to the [State] General Fund. If the action is brought by a district attorney or county counsel, the penalty collected shall be paid to the treasurer of the county in which the judgment was entered.” The recent amendment of section 17206 by Proposition 64 further provides that the penalty funds “shall be for the exclusive use by the Attorney General [and other public officials] for the enforcement of consumer protection laws.” (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 17206, subd. (c), as amended by Prop. 64, as approved by voters, Gen. Elec. Nov. 2, 2004.)
In the present case, defendants are alleged to have violated several laws, including California Insurance Code section 699.5, precluding foreign governments from owning or controlling a California insurance company, and the Bank Holding Company Act, 12 United States Code section 1841 et seq., prohibiting a foreign bank from owning an American insurance company. Defendants concede Insurance Code section 1037, subdivision (f) does not preclude the Attorney General from bringing a criminal action against them. We fail to discern a difference, for present purposes, between the Attorney General’s seeking criminal penalties or civil penalties. “Civil penalties, which are paid to the government [citations] are designed to penalize a defendant for past illegal conduct.” (Pacific Land Research Co., supra, 20 Cal.3d at p. 17.) Such penalties are not primarily concerned with restoring policyholders’ or creditors’ property. Thus the public, penal objective of civil penalties under the UCL differs fundamentally from the Commissioner’s purpose under article 14 of protecting the beneficiaries of the insolvent insurance company. We conclude that nothing in article 14 precludes the Attorney General from suing for civil penalties under the UCL.
3. Injunctive Relief
We employ the same analysis when it comes to injunctive relief. As we have recognized, injunctive relief may fall into two categories: injunctions intended “to remedy a public wrong” (Broughton v. Cigna Healthplans (1999) 21 Cal.4th 1066, 1080 [90 Cal.Rptr.2d 334, 988 P.2d 67]) and injunctions primarily intended to resolve “a conflict between the parties and rectify [] individual wrongs” (id., at p. 1080, fin. 5). Injunctions sought under the UCL may fall into either category. (See Cruz v. PacifiCare Health Systems, Inc. (2003) 30 Cal.4th 303, 315 [133 Cal.Rptr.2d 58, 66 P.3d 1157].)
In line with the above discussion, we hold that when the Attorney General seeks an injunction that will protect the public and prevent defendants from committing future unlawful acts, he is fulfilling primarily a law enforcement function. Such a claim is therefore not prohibited by Insurance Code section 1037, subdivision (f). If however, he seeks an injunction designed to resolve a conflict or in some way change the relationship between defendants and policyholders, creditors or others represented by the Commissioner as conservator and trustee of the insolvent insurance company, that injunction would be precluded by Insurance Code section 1037 subdivision (f). It is unclear from the record before us into which category the Attorney General’s requested injunctive relief falls.
III. Conclusion
We conclude that assets held in trust by the Insurance Commissioner pursuant to Insurance Code section 1011 are not state funds within the meaning of the CFCA, and that the Attorney General has standing only to pursue civil penalties and possibly injunctive relief under the UCL.
George, C. J., Kennard, J., Baxter, J., Yegan, J., and Zelon, J.," concurred.
Since accepting the Ninth Circuit’s request, we have been informed by the Attorney General that he has entered into a settlement with some but not all of the defendants, apparently in conjunction with a settlement between these defendants and the Commissioner. The defendants include Credit Lyonnais, Aurora, and NLCH.
The Attorney General also argues that one category of damages that the state can recover is the cost of the rehabilitation proceeding, as well as the cost of the subsequent governmental investigation in this case, citing United States v. Halper (1989) 490 U.S. 435, 445 [104 L.Ed.2d 487, 109 S.Ct. 1892]. But Halper merely held that investigation costs could be included as one category of damages under the federal False Claims Act (FFCA, 31 U.S.C. § 3729 et seq.). (Halper, supra, 490 U.S. at p. 445.) It did not hold that investigation costs of a claim that is outside the purview of that statute are reimbursable under the statute, or that investigation costs transmute a common law fraud claim into an FFCA claim.
The Attorney General cites various cases which purportedly stand for the proposition that “federal courts find cognizable a claim under the [FFCA] if the false claim impairs the government’s achievement of public goals and objectives, irrespective of financial harm to the treasury.” However, the cited cases do not prove the Attorney General’s proposition, nor do they contradict our conclusion that the underlying purpose of the FFCA is to deter fraud on public funds. (See Rex Trailer Co. v. United States (1956) 350 U.S. 148, 150 [100 L.Ed. 149, 76 S.Ct. 219] [action for recovery under the Surplus Property Act predicated upon false statements made in obtaining government property]; U.S. v. Mackby (9th Cir. 2003) 339 F.3d 1013, 1018 [action under the FFCA involving fraudulent demands for Medicare reimbursement]; Bly-Magee v. California (9th Cir. 2001) 236 F.3d 1014, 1017 [qui tarn action under the FFCA seeking to recover allegedly misappropriated federal funds made available to the State of California for vocational rehabilitation services].) Although the above cases state that financial loss is not a prerequisite to recovery under the FFCA, they clearly involve claims for public, rather than private funds.
The United States Trustee, who is appointed in each of 21 regions, assumes various administrative responsibilities in bankruptcy cases, including supervising bankruptcy trustees and serving as trustee in certain cases. (1 Cowan, Bankruptcy Law & Practice (7th ed. 1998) § 2.09, pp. 174-175.)
The Attorney General cites Hayes v. CMC Electronics, Inc. (2003) 297 F.Supp.2d 734 (Hayes), in support of its position and to illustrate the limits of Hutchins. In Hayes, the United States contracted with AEG Electronics (AEG) for the purchase of defense equipment, and AEG in turn contracted with the Canadian Marconi Corporation (CMC) to fill the necessary order. The United States then resold the equipment to Saudi Arabia under an agreement authorized by the Arms Export Control Act, 22 United States Code section 2751 et seq. (See 22 U.S.C. § 2762, under which the President may sell defense articles and services to eligible foreign entities.) The United States intervened in a qui tarn action brought against CMC under the FFCA, alleging that CMC submitted fraudulently inflated invoices for the defense equipment to the United States. The district court upheld the FFCA action against the defendant’s motion to dismiss.
The Attorney General, citing 22 United States Code section 2762(a), argues that in Hayes “[n]o government funds were involved, since Saudi Arabia was required to protect the federal government against any risk of loss and to advance the money used to purchase the radios.” But the Hayes court identified several tangible potential harms to the United States Treasury from the alleged false claim: “First, the Government paid more money than it otherwise would have paid if CMCE had disclosed that the radios contained used parts. . . . Second, the U.S. government is likely to be required to reimburse the Saudi government for the loss sustained by the Saudi government. Third, the Government suffered damage to the integrity of the contracting process as Saudi Arabia received used radio sets despite paying for new ones. Finally, it is possible that Saudi Arabia will have less money to spend on other defense needs, thereby forcing the U.S. to increase its expenditures by a like amount to obtain the same level of global security. [][] Even if the false claim had thus far resulted in only the potential for loss to the U.S. Government, this would be sufficient for a cause of action under the [F]FCA.” (Hayes, supra, 297 F.Supp.2d at pp. 737-738.)
Hayes explicitly distinguished Hutchins. “The Third Circuit [in Hutchins] recognized that ‘the False Claims Act seeks to redress fraudulent activity which attempts to or actually causes economic loss to the United States Government.’ [Citation.] . . . CMCE’s claim was made for funds in the United States Treasury. Thus, CMCE’s alleged fraudulent or false statements are within the category contemplated in Hutchins as actionable under the [F]FCA.” (Hayes, supra, 297 F.Supp.2d at pp. 738-739, fns. and boldface omitted.) The present case, as discussed, ante, resembles Hutchins rather than Hayes, involving funds that were not part of the public treasury and a fraud that did no damage to the public fisc.
We have left open the question whether Business and Professions Code section 17205 precludes the Legislature from impliedly repealing a UCL remedy if the two are “ 1 “ ‘clearly repugnant, and so inconsistent that the two cannot have concurrent operation.’ ” ’ ” (Stop Youth Addiction, supra, 17 Cal.4th at p. 574.) Because we decide the limit on UCL remedies is express in the present case, we need not decide that question.
The Attorney General refers in his complaint to “restitution/disgorgement” remedies. As we explained, “[a]n order that a defendant disgorge money obtained through an unfair business practice may include a restitutionary element, but is not so limited. . . . [S]uch orders may compel a defendant to surrender all money obtained through an unfair business practice of all unlawfully obtained profits even though not all is to be restored to the person from whom it was obtained or those claiming under those persons.” (Kraus, supra, 23 Cal.4th at p. 127.) In this case, although the Attorney General refers to a disgorgement remedy, we understand his claim as essentially one for restitution, i.e., to return the money to the insurer’s creditors. Moreover, outside the class action context, a disgorgement remedy in the sense described, ante, is not authorized. (Id. at p. 137.)
The principal exception to the rule that the trustee rather than the beneficiary may prosecute lawsuits against those who harm trust property is under certain circumstances in which the trustee itself breaches its duty to the trust and third parties participate with the trustee in the breach. (City of Atascadero v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., supra, 68 Cal.App.4th at pp. 462-467.) There is no suggestion in the present case that the Commissioner has breached his duty as trustee, and we do not consider whether the Attorney General’s UCL action for restitution would be warranted under such circumstances.
Business and Professions Code section 17535, which pertains to certain forms of misleading advertising, provides essentially the same remedies as the UCL under Business and Professions Code section 17203.
Associate Justice of the Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division Six, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.
Associate Justice of the Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division Seven, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.
| CASELAW |
-- U.S. Crew of Cargo Ship Said to Be Arrested in Venezuelan Port
The crew of a U.S.-owned merchant
ship was arrested in the Venezuelan port of Maracaibo after
weapons were found on board, a U.S. embassy official said. The captain and 14 crew members, all U.S. citizens, were
arrested Aug. 31 following an inspection in which three assault
rifles were discovered on the cargo ship Ocean Atlas, said the
official, who wasn’t authorized to discuss the case publicly.
Venezuelan authorities weren’t satisfied when told that the
rifles were aboard the craft because of fears of attacks from
pirates, the official said. The arrests follow the August detention of an unnamed U.S.
citizen attempting to enter Venezuela from Colombia whom
President Hugo Chavez said may be a “mercenary.” The U.S. and
Venezuela have frequently clashed since Chavez, a self-declared
“anti-imperialist,” came to power 13 years ago. Chavez, who
faces elections on Oct. 7, accuses the U.S. of having supported
a 2002 coup against him. The Ocean Atlas is a heavy-lift, box-hold, multipurpose
vessel, according to a description of the ship on the website of
New Orleans-based Intermarine LLC. Chalice McGee, head of corporate communications at
Intermarine, didn’t immediately return a message seeking
comment. A press official at the Interior and Justice Ministry
wasn’t immediately available. A press official at the Ports
Ministry deferred comment to the Interior Ministry . To contact the reporters on this story:
Charlie Devereux in Caracas at
cdevereux3@bloomberg.net ;
Daniel Cancel in Caracas at
dcancel@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Joshua Goodman at
jgoodman19@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Florence Rabier
Florence Rabier (born 1964) is a French meteorologist who is Director-General of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. She works on numerical weather prediction. She was appointed a Knight of the Legion of Honour in 2014.
Early life and education
Rabier joined Météo-France as an undergraduate engineer in meteorology from the École nationale de la météorologie. After completing her undergraduate she joined the Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier University, where she earned a master's degree in meteorology. She moved to the University of Paris (Pierre and Marie Curie University) for her doctoral studies, where she researched variations in meteorological data in the presence of barlocline instabilities. She became a senior scientist in 1998.
Research and career
Rabier held various positions at Météo-France, where she worked on numerical weather prediction. In 1997, she developed data assimilation methods to optimise the use of satellite observations in weather forecasting. In particular, Rabier worked on four dimensional variation methods. She was appointed Head of the Observation Section of Météo-France in 2001.
In 2003, Rabier was made Chief Engineer of Bridges and Roads. and General Engineer in 2013. She worked on the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), an instrument for European meteorological satellites. The IASI is an interferometer that permits the measurement of atmospheric and humidity profiles. IASI has been operating since 2007 and considerably improved operational meteorology. During the International Polar Year (2007-2008) Rabier was part of a field campaign over Antarctica.
Rabier moved to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in 2013, where she served as Director of Forecasts. In 2016 Rabier was appointed Director-General of ECMWF. She uses supercomputers to better analyse and forecast the weather.
She was Chair of the European Space Agency Advisory Committee on Earth Observations from 2021 to 2023.
Awards and honours
* 2014 Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
* 2014 Académie de l'air et de l'espace Grand Prix de l'Académie
* 2024 Académie des Technologies | WIKI |
Alireza Kamali
Alireza Kamali is a paralympic athlete from Iran competing mainly in category F58 discus throw events.
Kamali competed in the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens where he finished third in the F58 discus. | WIKI |
DOKK / manpages / debian 11 / clc-intercal / theft-server.1p.en
THEFT-SERVER(1p) User Contributed Perl Documentation THEFT-SERVER(1p)
theft-server - CLC-INTERCAL networking
theft-server --port=port [options]
The theft-server mediates the communication between two CLC-INTERCAL programs with the internet extension. It keeps a list of process IDs running on the current computer so it can provide lists of processes which can be engaged in INTERcal NETworking; it also responds to broadcasts allowing other CLC-INTERCAL programs on the LAN to know there is something happening on this computer.
Under normal conditions, the theft-server is started automatically by a CLC-INTERCAL programs with the internet extension (unless one is already running, of course!) because the extension cannot operate without a server on the local computer. However, it is possible to start one manually, for example from a /etc/init.d or /etc/rc.d.
If the program is started automatically, it uses defaults for all its configuration; when started manually, it accepts the following options:
Uses the given port (number or service name) for communications, instead of using the default one from a configuration file.
Waits the specified time for a connection, then exit. The default is 600 (10 minutes). The timeout applies when the program starts and also when all existing connections are closed. This allows the program to be started on demand by CLC-INTERCAL programs, and to automatically exit when no longer required (unless more programs start up during the timeout).
This function is disabled by setting the timeout to 0 (i.e. -l0); for example, if starting the server from /etc/init.d or equivalent one would disable the timeout.
Tells everything it's doing (on Standard Error). Also, prevents the program from detaching from the current terminal and going into the background.
IPv6 is not yet implemented.
Hey! The above document had some coding errors, which are explained below:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head1'
2021-01-07 perl v5.32.0 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3)
From ETHW
MIL-STD-464 broadly defines Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) as:
"The impact of the electromagnetic environment upon the operational capability of military forces, equipment, systems, and platforms. It encompasses all electromagnetic disciplines, including electromagnetic compatibility; electromagnetic interference; electromagnetic vulnerability; electromagnetic pulse; hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel, ordnance, and volatile materials; and natural phenomena effects of lightning and p-static."
This is a highly specialized subject matter, covering all aspects of electromagnetics engineering. It can be subcategorized into several smaller disciplines, such as, equipment and system compatibility, health and safety, and electro-physics of natural phenomena.
Impacts of E3 have been historically costly in terms of equipment failures and losses, severe damages to infrastructures, and of course, undue injuries and tragic fatalities. Today, E3 management programs have been instituted to effectively mitigate such risks.
A good historical summary of E3 is found in "Electromagnetic Environment Effects Summary Report to the Chief of Naval Material"; TESS Action Council, US Department of the Navy; 30 September 1977. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
What it's like to live on minimum wage in the U.S.
Dougleshia Nicholson is a single mother of six trying to survive on minimum wage in Kansas City, Missouri. One of her sons has asthma, and she estimates she's been to the emergency room for her kids six or seven times so far this year. But her cashier job at Church's Chicken doesn't come with paid time off and every shift is essential. "It's stressful because I basically have to pick and choose what's more important," Nicholson tells CNBC Make It. "Of course my child is more important, but at the same time, I have to work and make money to be able to support and take care of them." While Nicholson, 28, makes $8.60 an hour, $1.35 more than the federal minimum wage, thanks to a recent state increase, she says it's still not enough money to get by, especially since her hours (and paycheck) can vary significantly week to week. "The hours are constantly shifting. I don't have a set schedule," Nicholson says, adding she's notified about her start time the night before via text message. Sometimes that doesn't come until 1 a.m. "By that time, me and my children are in bed." Church's did not immediately respond to a request for comment. To support herself and her kids, Nicholson is forced to rely on assistance from both her family and the government. "I'm currently homeless, so I stay with my mother," she says, adding that she helps with rent when she can. She also relies on food stamps to buy groceries for her family. Yet even with that support, there are weeks where she doesn't have the $15 needed to take the bus to and from work. Instead, she walks, rain, snow or sun. "You can be doing everything right and it's still not enough," she says. "It's a constant struggle every day." It's been 10 years since Congress set the current federal minimum wage at $7.25. Yet across the board, wages simply are not keeping up as day-to-day costs continue to soar. Pew Research found that the average paycheck has the same purchasing power it did 40 years ago. That's true even in smaller metro areas where the cost of living can be lower. In fact, it's more difficult than ever to get ahead, especially if you're trying to do so on minimum wage. When it was signed into law in 1938 by Franklin D. Roosevelt, minimum wage was designed to provide workers a livable salary. Yet Nicholson's typical 20 hours a week at Church's Chicken adds up to about $8,300 annual pay, far below the $78,407 the Economic Policy Institute estimates a family of four needs to live modestly in Kansas City. Dramatic increases in education, child care and housing costs are at the core of this struggle, especially for families like Nicholson's. U.S. median home prices have increased at nearly four times the rate of household incomes since 2000, according to research from real estate data company Clever. The battle to raise the minimum wage isn't new: The Fight for $15, a campaign to raise wages for fast food workers, first launched in New York City in 2012. Nearly all the Democratic presidential candidates support doubling the federal minimum wage, and this week, Democrats are bringing legislation to the floor of the House of Representatives. The Raise the Wage Act aims to gradually raise the federal minimum wage to $15 by 2025. In recent years, some cities and states have taken steps to increase local minimum wage statutes, there are still 21 states where the minimum wage remains frozen at $7.25. The National Employment Law Project predicts that by 2024, a single adult will need to earn at least $15 an hour, a gross income of roughly $31,200 per year, to achieve an adequate standard of living nationwide. In some areas such as New York and California, this is already the minimum required. While just 2.1% of all hourly workers make the federal minimum wage, many of whom are teenagers, there's a significant portion of U.S. adults who still fall short of a wage that would sustain a family of four at the poverty threshold. And roughly 36% of U.S. workers earn less than $15 an hour, according to estimates from the EPI. Research shows women and minorities are disproportionately affected by the minimum wage issue. Democratic lawmakers have tried to increase the minimum wage for years, but the most recent bill, the Raise the Wage Act, introduced by Rep. Bobby Scott (D-Va.) in January has gotten the furthest. The bill, which now has 203 cosponsors, is set for a House floor vote on Thursday morning. But the legislation, even if it passes the House, is far from a sure thing. Predictive intelligence firm Skopos Labs estimates the Raise the Wage Act has a 24% chance of being enacted. Many opponents of the bill say they're concerned raising the minimum wage to $15 may cause significant job loss. A report from the Congressional Budget Office released last week found that a mandatory $15 minimum wage may eliminate as many as 3.7 million jobs across the U.S. because companies will look to cut costs. Additionally, the report projected that real income — the compensation and purchasing power you have after taking into account inflation — would fall by about $16 billion for families above the poverty line, which would reduce their total income by about 0.1% due, in part, to consumers potentially paying higher prices. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, a conservative business lobby group, sent a letter to House members saying the organization had "serious concerns" about the Raise the Wage Act. It added that while it's "willing to work with members of Congress to develop a legislative package that includes an increase guided by economic conditions, $15 per hour is not that number, and the Raise the Wage Act is not that legislation." That same CBO report also noted, however, that a $15 federal minimum is estimated to increase wages for as many as 27 million Americans and potentially lift as many as 1.3 million families out of poverty. "The CBO's report comes to a clear conclusion: The benefits of gradually raising the minimum wage to $15 an hour over five years far outweighs any potential costs to American workers," Scott said during a call with reporters last week. The EPI estimates that the benefit could be even wider, calculating that 33.5 million workers would see increased wages. Of those workers, the National Women's Law Center estimates that one in three working women would directly receive a raise. And 43% of single mothers in the U.S. would see an increased income for their families, the EPI calculates. Jessica Davis, 27, who worked for years at minimum wage or near-minimum wage jobs, says she's had to work hard for every penny she's earned at these types of jobs. "They will make you bend over backwards and it's crazy how much work they give you when you're making that much money," Davis tells CNBC Make It. Davis, who completed some college and has $14,000 in student loan debt, says the last minimum wage job she held was working at Dollar General outside Nashville, Tennessee. She worked at the store for about nine months in 2016, and spent her entire 8-to-10-hour shifts on her feet. The store was routinely understaffed, Davis says, which meant she was trying to juggle checking out customers, managing the inventory and keeping the store clean. "It's physical," she says, adding each shift was a workout. "They wanted me to run over to this area, open up boxes and put out stock, and then run to register every time there was a customer. And they had a customer every five to 10 minutes," she says. "My job now is hard, but it's nothing like the [minimum wage] jobs I used to work." A spokeswoman for Dollar General tells CNBC Make It that the company prioritizes investing in its employees and regularly promotes from within, as well as provides opportunities to help workers realize their career aspirations. "We believe career opportunities, our competitive wages and benefits and the engaging environment we offer that is rooted in our mission of 'serving others' allows us to remain an employer of choice," the company said in a statement. While working at Dollar General, Davis brought home about $1,000 a month. At the time, she split rent and utilities with her boyfriend, but housing costs still ate up about $580 a month — more than 50% of her income. There was little left for extras, let alone big life events such as getting married and starting a family. "We would be married, but that costs too," Davis says, adding that she'd like to have a small wedding at some point. But juggling the costs and planning associated with a wedding just wasn't feasible. "Things like that get put on the back burner." At the end of the day, having a support system is critical if you're going to make ends meet on $7.25 an hour. Both Davis and Nicholson credit their friends and family, rather than employers, for helping them survive on minimum wage. "Nobody can make it by themselves living on minimum wage," Davis says. "There's no way one person could pay for bills every month with a minimum wage job." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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Unofficial API for YouTube Music
codyduong
codyduong
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codyduong/ytmusicapiJS
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ytmusicapiJS: Unofficial API for YouTube Music
ytmusicapiJS is a TypeScript implementation of the Python 3 library ytmusicapi for NodeJS
It emulates YouTube Music web client requests using the user's cookie data for authentication.
This library is intended to carry the same functionality as the library it is inspired by. As such, unless the need becomes great enough for a specific feature in this library, I recommend all API specific changes be directed to ytmusicapi instead.
Features
See API here https://codyduong.github.io/ytmusicapiJS/
Setup and Usage
npm yarn
npm install @codyduong/ytmusicapi yarn add @codyduong/ytmusicapi
For authenticated requests
To run authenticated requests you need to set up you need to copy your request headers from a POST request in your browser. To do so, follow these steps:
• Open a new tab
• Open the developer tools (Ctrl-Shift-I) and select the “Network” tab
• Go to https://music.youtube.com and ensure you are logged in
• Find an authenticated POST request. The simplest way is to filter by /browse using the search bar of the developer tools. If you don’t see the request, try scrolling down a bit or clicking on the library button in the top bar.
A sample headers.json is provided below:
{
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0",
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.5",
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"X-Goog-AuthUser": "0",
"x-origin": "https://music.youtube.com",
"Cookie" : "PASTE_COOKIE"
}
Either point to this file when instantiating YTMusic, or load the file with JSON.parse ahead of time and pass in the object.
const ytm = new YTMusic({auth: 'path/to/headers.json'})
const ytm = new YTMusic({auth: JSON.parse('path/to/headers.json')}
// Or even a raw string object is accepted
const ytm = new YTMusic({auth: fs.readFileSync('path/to/file', {encoding: 'utf-8'})}
Quick Usage
Quick Usage Snippet
import YTMusic from '@codyduong/ytmusicapi';
const ytm = new YTMusic()
const results = await ytm.search('Rickroll')
results
[
{
category: 'Top result',
resultType: 'video',
title: 'Never Gonna Give You Up',
views: null,
videoId: 'dQw4w9WgXcQ',
duration: null,
year: null,
artists: [ [Object], [Object] ],
thumbnails: [ [Object] ]
},
{
category: 'Songs',
resultType: 'song',
title: 'Never Gonna Give You Up',
album: null,
feedbackTokens: { add: null, remove: null },
videoId: 'lYBUbBu4W08',
duration: null,
year: null,
artists: [ [Object], [Object] ],
isExplicit: false,
thumbnails: [ [Object], [Object] ]
},
{
category: 'Songs',
resultType: 'song',
title: 'Rickroll',
album: null,
feedbackTokens: { add: null, remove: null },
videoId: 'oBKeQItWbnA',
duration: null,
year: null,
artists: [ [Object], [Object], [Object] ],
isExplicit: false,
thumbnails: [ [Object], [Object] ]
},
...
]
Documentation
For more demos, look in tests/index.test.ts
Contributing
The library is intended to keep features within the same scope of the original Python 3 library. This may/may not change at my discretion.
Pull requests are welcome, esp. with regards to resolving any API differences that occured through mistakes or otherwise. However, note that I would like to remain with similar API to the original library, so it is unlikely new API features will be approved (unless strictly relevant to the JS/TS version).
The source code is structured almost identically to the Python 3 Library. I've also mocked some other dependencies, this is to maintain readability and ease of changes between the two APIs.
Acknowledgements
A majority of this codebase is possible thanks to the work done by sigma67 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Special to Kiss Me
The Special To Kiss Me commonly stylized as The Special To KISSME is the first album made completely for fans by the South Korean boy band UKISS. The music video was released on June 9, 2012. .
Release
Hoon and AJ were the first to get their picture teasers released on May 31, 2012. It was then followed by Soohyun, whose picture was released on the same day. The next day Eli's picture was released and then the following day Kiseop's was. Kevin and Dongho had picture teasers released soon after. The music video for the title song "Believe" was released on June 9, 2012. The digital album was released on June 5, followed by the physical album release on June 7.
The song "Te Amo" was a single that was released ahead of time on May 31, 2012. It is a "fierce and fresh new track that echoes the sounds of the saxophone and it allows listeners to feel as though they’ve escaped to an exciting, upbeat South American club."
Track listing
The EP's tracks are as follows: | WIKI |
Clevedon, New Zealand
Clevedon (Te Wairoa), previously known as Wairoa South, is a rural town to the south-east of Auckland, New Zealand, in the local government area of Franklin. The area is part of the rohe of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, who settled around the Wairoa River. The original township was founded in the 1850s, and was named Clevedon in 1866. Over time, it has developed into a centre for the dairy industry south-east of Auckland.
Several popular beaches are close to Clevedon, including Umupuia Beach and Kawakawa Bay. The Duder Regional Park is between these two beaches.
Geography
Clevedon is located along the Wairoa River, a stream which grows into an estuarial arm of the Hauraki Gulf, at the navigable headland of the river. It is 20 km south-east of the Auckland City Centre. It is 29 km south-east of the Auckland City Centre, and 14 km from the Manukau Central. To the south-east of Clevedon rise the rugged hills of the Hunua Ranges.
Prior to human settlement, the area was swampland, and Bush moa, Mantell's moa and North Island giant moa bones have been found in the vicinity.
Māori settlement
The area was visited by the Tainui migratory waka around the year 1300. Tainui followers of Manawatere, who identified as Ngā Oho, decided to settle the Pōhutukawa Coast and the Wairoa River. Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki traditional stories talk about the land already being occupied by the supernatural Tūrehu people, and many place names in the area reference Tūrehu figures, such as Hinerangi and Manawatere. The Wairoa River's traditional name, Te Wairoa ("The Great River") was named by early Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki ancestors of the Tainui waka, referencing Te Vairoa in Rarotonga, which in turn took its name from a similarly named river in Tahiti. Te Wairoa was a name applying to the river mouth and surrounding area, while Ōtau referred to the areas further upstream, including around Clevedon.
The early Tāmaki Māori hapū of the Wairoa river valley between the 14th and 16th centuries included Te Ngungukauri, Te Uri Kupai, Ngāti Ruangaingai and Ngāti Parahanga, who identified as both Ngāti Tai Manawaiti, and Ngā Iwi (Waiohua). The related hapū were united under the rangatira Te Wana in the early 18th century, under the name Ngāti Tai (now more widely known as Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki). The river mouth formed the traditional heartland of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki. Ngāi Tai peoples traditionally lived in seasonal cycles, focusing on fishing and shellfish collecting, cultivations and collecting berries and snaring birds in the river's upper reaches, depending on the season. The river-mouth was used as a summer pioke (Shortspine spurdog shark) fishing ground, which were dried for the winter months. Ngāi Tai settled at many pā and kāinga along the river, especially at the river's mouth.
Ngā Tai settlements in the area include Ōtau and Tuawa near modern-day Clevedon, Tararua near the mouth of the Rautawhiti Stream, and at Takatekauere, Te Totara, Te Ruato and Pehuwai on the western side of Te Wairoa River. Between the 1830s and 1863, the Te Hingawaka hapū of Ngāti Pāoa lived at the base of Te Oue pā, north-west of the Wairoa River mouth.
When William Thomas Fairburn visited the area in 1833, it was mostly unoccupied due to the events of the Musket Wars, as most members of Ngāi Tai had fled to temporary refuge in the Waikato. In 1836, Fairburn purchased 40,000 acres between Ōtāhuhu and Umupuia (Duders Beach), including much of the catchment of the Wairoa River. Fairburn's Purchase was investigated by the New Zealand Land Commission in 1841 and 1842 and found to be excessive and reduced in size. The disallowed parts of his purchase were not returned to Ngāi Tai, however in 1854 a reserve was created for Ngāi Tai around Umupuia.
European settlement
The first settlers in the area were D. McNicol and Mr G. Hoye, who purchased 1,100 acres on the eastern banks of the Wairoa River, and settled with their families circa 1852. They were joined by other early settlers within the next few years, and a community called Wairoa was established around the navigable headland of the Wairoa River. Early settlers cleared native bush for farming, worked flax mills in swampy areas, and harvested kauri logs, which were transported to Auckland to be processed. Ngāi Tai held a defended settlement on the eastern banks of the Wairoa River opposite the new settlement, known as Ōtau. During the first decade post European settlement, Ngāi Tai and the European settlers had cordial relations, trading goods and assisting each other. In September 1863 during the Invasion of the Waikato, Ōtau was attacked by the British army, and the village was evacuated. After which, the residents moved to live in communities at the river's mouth. For the remainder of the war, Ngāi Tai were designated as a "friendly" people by the Crown, and remained neutral in the fighting. During the war, military blockades were placed on either side of the Wairoa River, including the Galloway Redoubt. After the Native Lands Act of 1865, the Native Land Court individuated the collective Ngāi Tai lands, and in the process the majority of land near the Wairoa River was alienated and sold to European farmers. During European settlement, most of the Wairoa River catchment was deforested.
The first bridge across the Wairoa River was constructed by the early 1860s from timber. In 1865, 150 new immigrants from Scotland on board the Viola arrived at Wairoa, settling around the former Ōtau kāinga. The allotments were not sufficient to sustain a village, and the immigrants gradually moved away or closer to the settlement near the Wairoa Bridge. In 1866, the settlement changed its name to Clevedon. The name was chosen by local residents C.W. Stephens and Le Gally, named after the town of Clevedon in Somerset, England, where Le Gally. Many of the early settlers were Scottish, and had difficulties adopting the name. All Souls Church, built in the Selwyn style and located in Clevedon, is registered by Heritage New Zealand as a Category II structure, with registration number 682. Dairy farming became the major industry in Clevedon until the 1900s.
Demographics
Statistics New Zealand describes Clevedon as a rural settlement, which covers 5.32 km2 and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2. Clevedon settlement is part of the larger Clevedon statistical area.
Before the 2023 census, Clevedon had a larger boundary, covering 10.03 km2. Using that boundary, Clevedon settlement had a population of 606 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 51 people (9.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 45 people (8.0%) since the 2006 census. There were 189 households, comprising 297 males and 312 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female, with 123 people (20.3%) aged under 15 years, 105 (17.3%) aged 15 to 29, 288 (47.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 93 (15.3%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 91.1% European/Pākehā, 5.9% Māori, 3.0% Pacific peoples, 6.9% Asian, and 2.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 43.1% had no religion, 44.6% were Christian, 1.0% had Māori religious beliefs, 2.5% were Hindu, 2.5% were Buddhist and 1.5% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 138 (28.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 60 (12.4%) people had no formal qualifications. 138 people (28.6%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 279 (57.8%) people were employed full-time, 84 (17.4%) were part-time, and 6 (1.2%) were unemployed.
Clevedon statistical area
Clevedon statistical area covers 48.67 km2 and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2.
Before the 2023 census, Clevedon statistical area had a larger boundary, covering 49.97 km2. Using that boundary, the statistical area had a population of 1,515 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 63 people (4.3%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 171 people (12.7%) since the 2006 census. There were 507 households, comprising 762 males and 753 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.01 males per female. The median age was 43.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 294 people (19.4%) aged under 15 years, 261 (17.2%) aged 15 to 29, 756 (49.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 207 (13.7%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 92.5% European/Pākehā, 7.1% Māori, 1.8% Pacific peoples, 5.0% Asian, and 1.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 21.0, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 49.5% had no religion, 41.2% were Christian, 0.4% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.2% were Hindu, 0.2% were Muslim, 1.2% were Buddhist and 1.4% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 351 (28.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 144 (11.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $44,200, compared with $31,800 nationally. 375 people (30.7%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 690 (56.5%) people were employed full-time, 234 (19.2%) were part-time, and 27 (2.2%) were unemployed.
Amenities
Clevedon Scenic Reserve is a 100 ha nature reserve that was established in 1930, formerly a part of William Thorp's farm. The reserve includes native bush such as pūriri, tōtara and taraire, a wetland, a quarry that was abandoned in 1957, and a viewpoint at the top of a 225 m hill.
The local Umupuia Marae and Ngeungeu meeting house is a traditional meeting place for Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki and the Waikato Tainui hapū of Ngāti Koheriki and Ngāi Tai.
Education
Clevedon School is a coeducational full primary school (years 1–8) with a roll of as of The school began in 1859 as Wairoa School and moved to its current site in 1878. In 1895 it became Clevedon School.
Local government
The first local government in the area was the Wairoa Highway District, established in 1862, and was absorbed into the Manukau County in 1918. Clevedon became a part of Manukau City in 1965, and in November 2010, all cities and districts of the Auckland Region were amalgamated into a single body, governed by the Auckland Council.
Clevedon is part of the Franklin local board area, who elects members of the Franklin Local Board. Residents of Clevedon also elect the Franklin ward councillor, who sits on the Auckland Council.
Notable people
* Phil Goff, politician and Auckland mayor | WIKI |
Basically, the effect of exercise on our weight is vastly overrated. That’s why it’s only number 15 on this list. There are other things you need to take care of first. It’s not a good idea to eat bad food, drink sugar water (so-called “sports drinks”) or be on medications which force you to exercise for hours daily just to compensate. Metaphorically that’s like digging a hole, into which you put your ladder, on which you stand and paint the basement-level windows of your house.
3. Twist: One foot placed slightly in front of the other with body facing the corner. This should resemble the movement of wringing a towel while taking knees further “inward” and opening body in the opposite direction. Start with knees bent and straighten with the twist by lifting the hip and leading it to the opposite corner.10 reps each side, then 10 again (total of 20, alternating after 10)
In reality, losing belly fat takes time. Although you probably won't completely transform your physique in two months, you can see progress in just a matter of eight weeks. Eric Bowling, an NASM-certified personal trainer at Ultimate Performance in Los Angeles who helps clients with weight loss, told POPSUGAR you can achieve "drastic and tangible improvements" in eight weeks.
2. Cut out some carbs. A simple, short-term trick to losing weight is to cut back on carbs until you’re at your goal. Eat lean protein and vegetables at every meal and limit carbs to before and after your workouts, and you’ll probably see the scale shift rather quickly. Easy, low-carb meal ideas include egg-white omelettes with vegetables, Whey Protein Powder shakes made with water, salads with lean protein (chicken, tuna, or turkey), and grilled or broiled lean beef, poultry, or fish with vegetables.
If you’re wanting to get your own bottle of the Keto Shred Supplement, your best bet is going to be to find their official website. We don’t think that KetoShred is a bad product, but we also don’t think that it’s going to make us change our favorite. If you want to know why we like our favorite so much, go check it out for yourself! It’s linked in the photos on this page. We hope you like it too!
"With all the different tips out there, it can be tricky to understand exactly which exercises work the best. HIIT is great for fat burning and will get your heart rate up, but I’d also recommend including strength (resistance) exercises too. Try lifting weights, using resistance bands or using the weight machines at the gym as these will increase your metabolism to help with weight loss, and increase your muscle strength. It’s important to mix-up your whole-body workouts so you don’t get bored."
Fleury, N., Geldenhuys, S., & Gorman, S. (2016, October 11). Sun exposure and its effects on human health: Mechanisms through which sun exposure could reduce the risk of developing obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(10), 999. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/10/999/htm
Weight loss isn’t a linear event over time. When you cut calories, you may drop weight for the first few weeks, for example, and then something changes. You eat the same number of calories but you lose less weight or no weight at all. That’s because when you lose weight you’re losing water and lean tissue as well as fat, your metabolism slows, and your body changes in other ways. So, in order to continue dropping weight each week, you need to continue cutting calories.
Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that your body can't digest, and it helps regulate the body's use of sugar as it slowly passes through your digestive system. Increasing your daily fiber intake can result in greater satisfaction after meals, less blood-sugar spiking and crashing, and subsequent reductions in the amount of calories eaten for the rest of the day. When trying to trim belly fat, aim to get at least 25 grams of fiber in your diet each day. Foods that are rich in fiber include pulses, like lentils and beans; apples and pears, with the skin; nuts and seeds; and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and Brussels sprouts. Try this recipe for Tabbouleh with Chickpeas for a fiber-packed side dish or a one-dish dinner!
Using a layered approach is another great way to build a good veggie habit. For example, start with a food you already enjoy — say, pasta — and layer some veggies into your bowl. This can help you explore a new food with one you already love eating, and from there, you can try new ways to savor it. Take spinach, for instance. After trying it with pasta, you may want fold it into an omelet or another favorite food, or explore it on its own with different cooking techniques (sautéed or steamed) or different flavor additions (garlic or golden raisins). The possibilities are limitless!
Dr. Smith applies this same idea to diet. He maintains that if you eat the same foods all the time, your body adjusts to that specific diet. Your metabolism stabilizes and fat accumulates as a result. By varying the types and quantities of food you eat, you’ll prevent your metabolism from slowing down and trick your body into burning more calories. In this way, diet confusion keeps your metabolism off-kilter and fuels your fat-burning engines.
Drop Off Paper Shredding — The national average for drop off shredding is $1 per pound. One copy paper box full of papers usually weighs about 30 pounds. Since drop off shredding is charged by the pound, It is convenient to drop off your boxes of papers to be shredded at a retail location. You don’t get to witness your papers being shredded if you us the drop off service.
‘Do it for a couple of minutes in bed and you’ll actually be able to wind down and fall asleep more easily. But it’s a skill, so it requires a commitment to practice it, as with anything. Think of it a bit like dating – the first time you do it it’s terrible, it’s uncomfortable, nobody knows what they’re doing, but the more dates you go on the better it gets.
You know the drill: Replace refined, overly processed foods with more natural, whole foods. Sure, all foods fit, but they don’t all fit equally. Here’s why: Every time you eat, your metabolism increases as your body works to process your meal. Studies that compare the metabolic boost of calorie-matched whole foods to processed ones find that your body can burn up to 50 percent more calories after a meal made with more real food ingredients compared to a similar meal made with more processed fare. The fact is, your body has to work harder to break down whole foods in order to grab the raw materials it needs so if you exist on a lot of packaged foods and fast foods (think: chips, donuts and drive-thru fare), it’s going to be tougher to lose weight and keep those pounds from coming back.
"It’s easy to become impatient and frustrated when you’re trying to lose weight and haven’t seen the results yet. But be realistic – you won’t see the affect overnight. Your brain’s wiring plays a huge part in resisting changes in lifestyle, and it takes time to establish new habits – up to 12 weeks. Stick with it for at least eight weeks and you should notice a change."
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Edward Hopper (born – 22nd July in 1882, died – 15th May in 1967), is one of the most prominent 20th century American Realist painters, born to a middle-class family in Newyork. Edward Hopper painted scenes of everyday routine in an American Life; lovely roads, offices, apartments, restaurants, predominantly, on a dark palette.
Hopper once quoted, “In general, it can be said that a nation’s art is greatest when it most reflects the character of its people,” and he abided by his work around the following words.
His landscapes and cityscapes engraved the life and works of ordinary society. They portrayed the actuality of human beings, the overwhelming silences in life’s most fundamental activities. Some of his best-known works contain oil paintings, but he was also prolifically proficient as a watercolourist and a printmaker.
From New-England towns to Newyork city’s modest architecture, Edward Hopper captured it all. Some of his paintings are mysteriously melancholy because he always sketched isolated figures. They are said to depict the shadows of his temperament.
He had a comfortable childhood, with his parents in support of his art career. Edward Hopper had been a good student since grade school. He demonstrated immense talent in drawing from the age of five, wherein, his sketches include charcoal drawings of geometric shapes such as a cup, a vase, a bowl, etc.
During the years 1900-1906, he enrolled at the NY School of Art, wherein, he experimented with his works from illustrations to fine arts. Hopper detested illustrations but was eventually constrained with them until the mid-1920s because of monetary necessities. Often, individuals quote that Edward Hopper was remarkably inclined towards the writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. As a child and a college student, he used to read his words, again and again. In his later years, he admitted that his words helped him find a way to his art.
After graduating, between 1906-1910, Edward Hopper travelled internationally, three times, which build an incredible impact on his art career. The three trips he went on were destined in Europe, specifically Paris. The city, its history, traditions, culture, art, architecture, and lights are considered decisive parameters for his growth, both, as an individual and an artist.
During his tour in 1906, Paris was considered the artistic centre of the western globe, and no other city was as persuasive as Paris for the rise of modern art. Through the same period, Picasso became one of the most integral artists by co-founding the cubist movement. He painted the legendary “Les Demoiselles d’avignon” in 1907. Still, Hopper later alleged that he never knew about Picasso or the evolution.
Hopper may not have known about the art movement in Paris, but certainly got to know about Impressionists such as Van Gogh and Monet. One can identify the difference of his persuasions from when he painted Old Interiors in Newyork as a student; the dark strokes of past belief guided by European artists like Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Diego Velazquez, and the light and quick strokes after his encounter with Impressionism.
His excursions to Paris led him to generate art that stemmed from nature and manifested his particular attractions. The light and the architecture in the paintings encompass more drama and revolve around a specific theme. He returned the painting with a misty palette soon after because according to him, it was more comfortable and satisfying.
Throughout his college life, the tours, and his later career, Hopper remained fascinated with realist art, and hence composed scenes from cafés and streets with enticing architecture.
The cycles of Struggle – What components kindled the artist’s philosophy, and how did he become the remarkable 20th-century realist painter?
Every artist holds a story behind their best works. Some have a cauldron filled with struggles, depression, and discontent, while others have glorifying inception with years of accomplishments. In the case of Edward Hopper, the first expression is accurate.
After returning from Paris in 1910, Hopper rented a studio in Newyork city, to define art as his custom. He fought his way through for almost a decade, where recognition and art, both did not come easily to him. During the primary 1920s, Hopper had to start with illustration again to fund himself.
According to his fellow friends and illustrators, Edward Hopper was unable to decide what to put on a canvas, and sometimes, the emotional state would carry on for months before he could raise his hand to hold the brush again.
Between 1910 to 1920s, Hopper worked as an illustrator in diverse magazines and agencies as a freelancer, designing posters for theatricals and movies, which eventually influenced form compositions for his paintings. He also tried selling his paintings in exhibitions throughout these years. They encompassed a few self-portraits, oil-paintings, etching works, and murals, but could not project a significant light on them.
By 1923, Hopper produced most of his works in etching that received some public recognition. They included urban scenes from both Newyork and Paris and made a dire impact on his upcoming artworks. But, Edward Hopper’s actual breakthrough arose after his many years of endeavour and marriage with Josephine Nivison. She was a former student of Robert Henri and an artist herself, but after marrying him, managed all his interviews, and was also his primary model.
Edward Hopper obtained his very first open invite for a one-person exhibit at the age of 37. The following exhibition, held at Whitney Club featured sixteen of his supreme samples of art. This exhibition proved to be a quintessential step towards his career because it helped him become a more notable and known individual amongst realist painters.
After this point, his art marched towards the light and acknowledgment he deserved. His second stand-alone exhibit, held at the Frank KM Rehn Gallery in Newyork city, attracted a substantial crowd because now art enthusiasts were aware of the work Edward Hopper shaped.
His paintings depicted one particular element; his love and attraction for Parisian and American urban and rural architecture. Many of his critics defined his various urbanscapes as “direct and vital.” In many of his interviews, Edward Hopper admitted that one of his favourite elements to capture while painting these houses was the “sunlight.” He loved the effect of sunlight and the shadows that different architectural components like porches, columns, towers, mansard roofs, etc. cast.
Some of his famous paintings include “House by the Railroad,” “The Nighthawks,” “Lighthouse Hill,” etc. All these artworks have highly identifiable and a mature outlook towards the mundane things of life. His urbanscapes and landscapes that included the exterior and interior architecture, the empty silences and a momentary effect created a sense of minimalism and modernism, which was apprehended and admired by many.
The Themes of Edward Hopper’s Paintings- Was Loneliness a root of his brilliance?
An introverted man when seen from the outside, Edward Hopper surprisingly contained a gentle sense of humour and straightforward mannerisms. “The picture painted touches you where you feel most vulnerable,” is what his paintings generally portray. Individuals claim that precarious encounters and the characteristics of isolation captivated him. And, one can easily see what the art enthusiasts meant.
Let us consider the paradigm of one of his most famous artworks, the Nighthawks. Although he is known to paint his subjects either solo or in groups of two, the Nighthawks is painting with a gathering of four people, sitting in an all-night diner. The perspective of the viewer here is cinematic. The interaction between the subjects is minimum, with shockingly harsh lighting in the restaurant, setting it different against its dark surroundings. The difference in illumination sets a subtle mood, where one can easily focus on the melancholy enacted by his subjects.
According to Hopper, the inspiration for the painting may have arrived from the short story “The Killer” by Ernest Hemingway, but the audience interpreted it in an entirely discrete style. In reality, the painting is stimulated by “a restaurant on New York’s Greenwich Avenue where two streets meet.”
The mood of the composition, per the audience, sometimes reflects the expression of wartime anxiety. The congregation of the three customers is a timeless and mundane activity. But everyone seems lost in thoughts of their own. This unique piece of art is the unhindered inception of human isolation and urban emptiness.
Other than the coherent ascertainment of solitude and desolation, Edward Hoppers chose poignant ideas like monotony, regret, and abandonment. He focused on these themes and displayed them in varying environments such as offices, empty hotel rooms, on the road, and other public spaces.
Most of his paintings with solo subjects incorporated women (mostly performed by his wife) in either a dressed, nude, or semi-nude form. His artworks like Automat (released in 1927) and Hotel Room (completed in 1931) represent a balance that emphasizes the lonesome.
Overall, the choice of his background, the colours, and the places somehow always felt impulsive. People say that the artist was locked in a constant battle with a chronic dullness, which he eventually used as an urge to paint.
Through the decades that Edward Hopper continued to paint, the artistic scene evolved, with abstract as the most influential, but he never disembarked his intimate knowledge. He did not tamper with his inner intuitions or his vision. He painted the feeling most familiar to humans; our profound connection to this existence, and the seclusion of the self.
Till his demise in 1967, Edward Hopper had gained a dominant appeal and declared his artistic talents to become a prominent American Realist Artist. | FINEWEB-EDU |
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P190 Complement system genes mutation spectrum in russian children with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
1. Alexey Tsygin,
2. Petr Ananin,
3. Alexandra Mazo,
4. Olga Komarova,
5. Tatiana Vashurina,
6. Olga Zrobok,
7. Alexander Pushkov,
8. Kirill Savostianov
1. 14_15_00994 Supported by Russian Science Fund grant
2. Scientific Centre of Children’s Health, Moscow
Abstract
Background atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare, mostly genetic disease caused by complement system disorder. In contrast with classic post diarreal HUS it has a severe, often relapsing course with an outcome into end stage renal disease. There is a variable mutation spectrum reported worldwide. The efficacy of the only approved medication- Eculizumab needs a further study to build up a proper approach.
Aim of the study: to investigate the prevalence of complement system genes mutations in Russian children with aHUS, to study a genotype to phenotype correlations, to evaluate the efficacy of Eculizumab treatment.
Methods We investigated CFH, CFI, CFB, MCP and THBD genes mutations by new generation sequencing and CFHR1/CFHR3 deletions by MPLA technique. The cases reports of children with aHUS were analysed to find a possible relation of clinical and laboratory data during the onset and follow up to genetic data and Eculizumab efficacy.
Results Seventy one child (31 male and 40 female) aged 6 months to 17 years with aHUS were investigated. In 46,5% the mutations in CFH (12,7%), CFI (1,4%), CFB (11,3%), MCP(8,5%), THBD(1,4%) u CFHR1/CFHR3 (16,9%) genes were found. Another 7% had rare polymorphisms in these genes. We did not find any differences in clinical data at the onset. The only significant difference at the follow up was a more frequent relapses in mutation carriers. Eculizumab was efficient even if started later than 6 months after the onset allowing to stop dialysis in most (15 of 18) of the patients while all without Eculizumab had to continue dialysis. After at least one year of treatment Eculizumab was successfully discontinued in five children without mutation whose condition was stabilised and renal function restored. All 4 mutation carriers relapsed after Eculizumab discontinuation.
Conclusion The prevalence of gene mutations in Russian children with aHUS is compatible with worldwide data. The genetic data may help to predict a disease course and duration of Eculizumab treatment.
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Rh of articles which he has contributed to the "Uniao Medica" and the "Jornal do Commercio" of that city, on such subjects as "Animal Emanations," "The Sewers of Rio de Janeiro and their Influence upon the Public Health," and "Popular Counsels on Matters of Hygiene."
vivid presentation of the ills which follow in the track of the botching plumber and drain-builder is this by Dr. Teale. Convinced that pictures are more effective than words, the author depicts in seventy plates various faults of sewerage, most of them actual cases, and accompanies each with a few paragraphs of explanation or history. The course of sewer-gas is indicated by blue arrows, and the flow, the leakage, and infiltration of sewage are also represented in blue. Among the faults described are untrapped waste and overflow pipes passing directly into a soil-pipe, traps emptied by evaporation or by the flow of water past their outlets, drain-pipes of poor quality or badly joined, and drains running uphill. A particularly striking group of pictures, entitled "How People drink Sewage," shows the danger to be expected from drains passing near or over wells. Among the interesting histories is the following: "Enteric (typhoid) fever broke out in a gentleman's house, from which it spread into the village. On examination I found that the water-closet was in the center of the house, and that the soil-pipe discharged into a common stone drain running under a tiled entrance-hall. This drain was almost without fall, so much so that it had become blocked, and the sewage had found its way under the flooring of the passage and rooms. It goes to a man's heart to take up a tiled hall in order to inspect a drain. Moral—the drain ought never to have been placed under the hall." Some twenty additional defects are noted without plates, and methods for detecting the escape of sewer-gas are given. The book contains also some hints on ventilating houses and carriages.
modest aim of the author of this book has been, in the absence of any work exclusively devoted to limestones and marbles known to him, to present the facts and speculations of original writers "so selected and arranged as to illustrate the value of limestones in some departments of geology, but more especially their use in the mechanic and fine arts, and their history in civilization." These stones are so abundant and so diversified, their uses are so multifarious, and they play so important a part in every field, that there is certainly room and use for a book of this kind. Mr. Burnham does not claim that he has entirely filled the vacant place. That would be more than it were possible for one compiler to do at a first effort. But he has made a creditable attempt, and has produced a book embodying a large amount of authentic information concerning limestones in all parts of the globe, and their uses in all periods of history. The first chapters are devoted to a scientific consideration of limestones, describing the different classes, the fossils so abundant in them, and of which many of them are so largely composed, and the general divisions of geological time. The more particular account of the several classes of limestones and marbles follows, beginning with those of the United States, which are grouped by "regions"—Atlantic, Mississippi, and the Rocky Mountains and Pacific coast. Other limestones are classified and described as those of British America, the West India Islands, Mexico, and South America. European stones are similarly described, by countries, as well as those of Asia, Australia, and Africa. The description of the Grecian marbles is accompanied with a few remarks on their application in Greek art; and in the later chapters are given accounts of the "Antique Marbles," "Antique Alabasters, Serpentines, Basalts, Granites, and Porphyries," "Antique Stones and Works of Art in Modern Rome," and "Antique Stones used to decorate Roman Churches." The appendix gives tabular views of the "Age and Locality of the Principal Limestones," "French Marbles," and | WIKI |
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