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Sunday, September 14, 2008
password recovery in coldfusion
Users and Forgotten Passwords
You know the situation. You require your visitors to create a username and password in order to access your Web site (or at least certain sections). And of course, 90% of those users will forget their password within the first week.
It?s an inconvenience for them if they have to wait for you to send them their password. The Web is about instant gratification, and there?s just too much competition out there to risk a situation like that.
This tutorial will deal with two possible ways that you can resolve this situation.
E-mailing a Password
This method will allow a user to enter their user name and/or e-mail address, and an e-mail will automatically be sent to them with their password.
In order for this to work, let?s assume a database setup as follows:
tbl_user
column name datatype
userID autonumber/identity
username char
password char
email char
This is merely a suggestion. userID is a primary key; a unique autonumber. However, it?s not really necessary. In theory, usernames should be unique, as well as e-mail addresses. Either of those could just as well serve as primary key, negating the need for the userID column.
It is important to make sure that email addresses are unique. When new users sign up, check the database to make sure the email the new user is signing up with is not already in the database. If it is, prompt the user to enter a different e-mail address (or, if they have an account but forgot their password, offer to send them their password via the method outlined below).
In our database, we might have records such as:
userID Username password email
1 CJ 123abc charlie@griefer.com
2 BillyBob 987xxx bb@aol.com
What happens if CJ forgets his password? Well, we already know his e-mail address (charlie@griefer.com)?so we can easily send him his password.
This process requires two pages?one to allow the user to enter their e-mail address, and another to validate the user, and send the user their password.
password_request.cfm
<html>
<head>
<title>Password Request</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action=?password_send.cfm? method=?post?>
Please enter your e-mail address below:
<input type=?text? name=?email? />
<br />
<input type=?submit? value=?proceed? />
</form>
</body>
</html>
password_send.cfm
<!--- see if this email address exists in the database --->
<cfquery name=?checkEmail? datasource=?myDSN?>
SELECT username, password
FROM tbl_user
WHERE email = <cfqueryparam value=?#trim(form.email)#? cfsqltype=?cf_sql_char?>
</cfquery>
<html>
<head>
<title>Password Request</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--- was a record returned from the query? --->
<cfif checkEmail.recordCount>
<cfmail to=?#form.email#?
from=?webmaster@yoursite.com?
subject=?your password?>
Hello #checkEmail.username#.
You recently requested your password from [NAME OF YOUR WEB SITE HERE].
Your password is: #checkEmail.password#.
Please write this down for future reference.
Thank You,
Webmaster
</cfmail>
Thank you, #checkEmail.username#. Your password has been sent and should
arrive shortly.
<!--- no record found, display message to the user --->
<cfelse>
We?re sorry. We were unable to locate that email address in our database. Please <a href=?password_request.cfm?>try to enter your email address again</a>.
</cfif>
That?s it! Your visitors can now get results immediately.
Using a Secret Question
There?s another method that some sites employ that don?t? even require your visitors to have to wait for an email.
This would entail asking the visitor a ?secret question?. Something only he or she would know, in order to prove their identity.
This will require two additional columns in the table that we used above:
tbl_user
column name datatype
userID autonumber/identity
username char
password char
email char
secretQuestion char
secretAnswer char
As you can see, we?re storing a secret question (and answer) for each user. This information would be gathered during their initial sign up process. You can possibly provide them with a list of secret questions, of which they get to pick one?
for example:
• mother?s maiden name
• favorite sport?s team
• favorite pet name
• street you grew up on
Store both the question, and the answer the user enters into the database.
This method will require 3 templates:
1. a template where the visitor can enter their user name
2. a template that retrieves/displays the secret question, and allows the user to input the answer
3. a template that checks the given answer against the database, and displays the results to the user.
password_request.cfm
<!--- this is the template that will allow the user to enter his/her username --->
<html>
<head>
<title>Request Password</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action=?display_question.cfm? method=?post?>
Please enter your user name below, and click ?proceed?.
<br /><br />
<input type=?text? name=?username? />
<input type=?submit? value=?proceed? />
</form>
</body>
</html>
display_question.cfm
<!---
this template checks the username entered on the previous page. if no username was found, the form is displayed again, and the user is asked to re-enter their username.
if a username is found, we output the secret question, with a form to collect the answer. it?s important to note that we are passing the username to the next template in a hidden form field!
--->
<cfquery name=?getQuestion? datasource=?myDSN?>
SELECT secretQuestion
FROM tbl_user
WHERE username = <cfqueryparam value=?#trim(form.username)#? cfsqltype=?cf_sql_char?>
</cfquery>
<html>
<head>
<title>Request Password </title>
</head>
<body>
<cfif getQuestion.recordCount EQ 0>
We?re sorry?we could not find that user name in our database. Please try again.
<br /><br />
<form action=?display_question.cfm? method=?post?>
<input type=?text? name=?username? />
<input type=?submit? value=?proceed? />
</form>
<cfelse>
Please answer the following question:
<form action=?show_password.cfm? method=?post?>
<cfoutput query=?getQuestion?>
<input type=?hidden? name=?username? value=?#form.username#? />
#secretQuestion#
</cfoutput>
<br /><br />
<input type=?text? name=?secretAnswer? />
<input type=?submit? value=?proceed? />
</form>
</cfif>
</body>
</html>
show_password.cfm
<!---
finally, we query the database for the username (taken from the hidden form field on the previous page), and the secret answer (from the previous page?s form).
if the user has entered the correct answer, we can go ahead and display their password to them.
--->
<cfquery name=?checkpassword? datasource=?myDSN?>
SELECT password
FROM tbl_user
WHERE
username = <cfqueryparam value=?#form.username#? cfsqltype=?cf_sql_char?>
AND
secretAnswer = <cfqueryparam value=?#form.secretAnswer#? cfsqltype=?cf_sql_char?>
</cfquery>
<html>
<head>
<title>Request Password</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--- if a record was returned from our query? --->
<cfif checkpassword.recordCount>
<cfoutput>
Hello, #form.username#. Your password is #checkpassword.password#. Please write this down for future use.
</cfoutput>
<!--- no record was returned --->
<cfelse>
Sorry, but we were unable to verify your identity based on the information that you provided. Please <a href=?password_request.cfm?>try and enter your information again</a>.
If you feel an error has been made?please <a href=?mailto:webmaster@mysite.com?>send an e-mail to webmaster@mysite.com</a>.
</cfif>
</body>
</html>
That?s it! Depending on the level of security you want, it?s also possible to combine the two methods above, and ask a user for their e-mail address *and* the answer to a secret question before e-mailing the password.
Either way, both methods allow you to deliver instant customer service to your visitors. Something that they?re sure to appreciate, and something that will keep them coming back.
1 comment:
DFW said...
Thanks, you just saved me a ton of time.
I am sending you a link below talking about best practices in dealing with password resets -- I learned much from it, and offer it not as criticism of your approach, but just to inform you.
Thanks for sharing so generously.
David | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tahini roll
A tahini roll or tahini bread roll is a sweet pastry found commonly in the cuisines of Arab countries, Armenia, Cyprus, Greece and Turkey. Tahini roll originated in Armenia, where they are called tahinov hatz.
They are a popular street food in Cyprus. In the Cypriot capital of Nicosia, street vendors with carts or bikes, as well as bakeries sell tahini rolls.
Its name varies by location. In Arab countries it is known as khubz tahini. The Armenian name is Թահինով Հաց. In the Greek language it is known as ταχινόπιττα (tahinopitta) or τασιηνόπιττα (tasinopitta); in Cypriot Greek the pronunciation is "tashinopita" with a "sh" sound as opposed to "h" in mainland Greek. In the Turkish language, the general term is tahinli çörek, although in Cypriot Turkish it is known simply as tahınlı or tahınnı.
The dough includes sugar and oil and has a texture between a bread and a cookie. It is leavened with yeast and can be baked after the first rise. Sometimes the pastry may be soaked in syrup of sugar or honey and flavored with cinnamon.
Tahini rolls are made by rolling the dough flat, spreading it with the tahini mixture, sprinkling with sugar and rolling into a log shape. The dough is then sliced into smaller pieces and flattened to form a circle. | WIKI |
2,131 Tutorials
How to create an email signature in Gmail
Webmail service offers the same functions as an email client
Free webmail services, such as Google's Gmail, are just as good as using an email address from your ISP coupled with an email client such as Microsoft's Outlook. They ensure users can access the same functions, such as email forwarding and even the ability to add a signature to every message that's sent.. Here's how to set up a signature in Gmail.
Step one
Sign in to Gmail, then from the settings menu (depicted by the image of a cog) on the right-hand side choose Mail settings.
Step two
Scroll down to the section labelled signature and enter the text you want pasted on each email in the box. You can add basic formatting including changing the font, colour, alignment and even adding bullets or images.
Step three
Now check the box next to the signature text and press Save changes. Your signature will now be added to every email you send.
Send to a friend
Email this article to a friend or colleague:
PLEASE NOTE: Your name is used only to let the recipient know who sent the story. Both your name and the recipient's name and address will not be used for any other purpose. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Yet Another Youtube Down Loader
⌈⌋ branch: yaydl
Artifact [50cf4cc5b2]
Artifact 50cf4cc5b2270472c03dfaa2de9fde46bc520fd5481668f3ba8fbaed10a06d4a:
• File Cargo.toml — part of check-in [57ab458f3b] at 2021-06-21 11:00:50 on branch trunk — yaydl 0.6.7: Now that we use the new YouTube API, the need for cipher decoding should be a thing of the past. (user: Cthulhux size: 587)
[package]
name = "yaydl"
description = "yet another youtube (and more) down loader"
version = "0.6.7"
authors = ["Cthulhux <git@tuxproject.de>"]
edition = "2018"
license = "CDDL-1.0"
repository = "https://code.rosaelefanten.org/yaydl"
categories = ["command-line-utilities"]
keywords = ["youtube", "downloading", "video"]
[dependencies]
anyhow = "1.0"
cienli = "0.1"
clap = "3.0.0-beta.2"
indicatif = "0.15"
inventory = "0.1"
regex = "1.4"
scraper = "0.12"
serde_json = "1.0"
ureq = { version = "2.1", features = ["json"] }
url = "2.2"
urlencoding = "1.1"
[profile.release]
lto = true | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
A system administrator can retrieve or update a cloud-wide set of system properties. These properties specify default values and behaviors for the cloud and all of the organizations in it.
The SystemSettings element includes all system settings for this cloud. The element also includes links that allow you to retrieve these subsidiary elements, which define specific categories of settings.
GeneralSettings
Control the configuration and behavior of the entire cloud.
NotificationsSettings
Control the vCloud Director AMQP notifications service.
LdapSettings
Specify details of the system LDAP directory service.
AmqpSettings
Specify credentials and connection information for the AMQP broker that handles notifications and blocking task messages.
EmailSettings
Define configuration and connection parameters for the system default email service, and specifies properties of email alerts that the system sends.
License
System license serial number and related settings.
BrandingSettings
Customize the branding of the vCloud Director Web Console and some of the links that appear on the vCloud Director Home login screen.
BlockingTaskSettings
Control the behavior of blocking tasks and enable blocking for specific operations.
PasswordPolicySettings
Specify default policies to be followed when a user in any organization enters an incorrect password. Organization administrators can override this default for their organizations.
LookupServiceSettings
Specify the vSphere Lookup Service URL so system administrators can authenticate using vSphere Single Sign-On (SSO).
CatalogSettings
Specify the schedule for background synchronization of catalogs that have an external subscription. These settings apply to all organizations in the system.
You can retrieve the entire SystemSettings element to view all of these settings. To update an individual subsection, retrieve it with a GET request, modify it, and update it with a PUT request.
Verify that you are logged in to the vCloud API as a system administrator.
1
Retrieve the SystemSettings element.
Use a request like this one.
GET https://vcloud.example.com/api/admin/extension/settings
2
Examine the response to locate the Link elements that you can use to retrieve an individual subsection.
These links have a rel attribute value of down.
3
Use the link to retrieve the subsection.
Make a GET request to the href value of the link.
4
(Optional) Modify the retrieved subsection.
Subsections that you can modify include a link where rel="edit".
5
(Optional) To update the subsection, PUT the modified subsection to the href of the link described in Step 4. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Pressure cooker - latimes
WHEN he was in his late 40s, Bill Buford, founding editor of Granta magazine, author of Among the Thugs (a book about soccer hooliganism) and former fiction editor of the New Yorker (where he is now a staff writer), went to Italy to apprentice himself to Tuscany's most famous butcher, Dario Cecchini. Buford arrived in the remote hill town of Panzano on a Sunday afternoon and found the butcher shop full of customers drinking and eating free samples of pig fat. His mentor-to-be spotted him in the crowd and immediately began intoning Dante: Midway through the road of life, I found myself in a dark wood, on a lost road. This butcher knew a midlife crisis when he saw one. Heat: An Amateur's Adventures as Kitchen Slave, Line Cook, Pasta-Maker, and Apprentice to a Dante-Quoting Butcher in Tuscany is the literary outcome of Buford's vertical plunge into the world of professional cooking and food writing. Exuberant, hilarious, glorying in its rich and arcane subject matter, Heat is Plimpton-esque immersion journalism -- an amateur bumbling among the adepts -- but it also has much in common with spiritual autobiography, especially that genre in which the student's epiphanies are generously interspersed with drudgery, abasement and humiliation at the hands of mercurial, possibly crazy gurus. Buford's Virgil on his journey is Mario Batali, a.k.a. Molto Mario of Food Network fame, the red-haired cooking genius of superhuman appetites. Five or six years ago -- the book's chronology is annoyingly murky -- Buford, an amateur but enthusiastic home cook, had invited Batali to his home for dinner and concluded that he was an insane, eccentric wild man ... that is, a perfect subject for a New Yorker profile. Unable to find a writer for the profile -- one somehow doubts he tried all that hard -- Buford took on the task. I ... suspected, correctly, that I might be able to use the assignment to get into Mario's kitchen. Indeed, he worked in the kitchen at Babbo, Batali's flagship Italian restaurant in Manhattan, for six months. The two-part Batali profile appeared in August 2002; two months later, haunted by the fact that he'd been on the verge of discovering something about food, about myself, Buford left his desk job and returned to the Babbo kitchen -- thus going from a day spent sitting down to one spent standing up, to learn a knowledge not found in books. Heat incorporates and expands upon the New Yorker profile of Batali and its inside peek into the kitchen culture at Babbo. Buford also makes frequent jaunts to Europe, where he befriends Batali's first mentor, the brilliant British restaurateur Marco Pierre White (the most foul-tempered, most mercurial, and most bullying of chefs), and eventually apprentices himself to Batali's own pasta mentor in Italy, Betta Valdiserri, and then to Cecchini, the Tuscan butcher under whom Batali's father trained during his midlife crisis. (A former chemical engineer at Boeing, Armandino Batali now operates his own small artisanal salumi plant and shop in Seattle.) As he embarks on his culinary quest, Buford asks Mario Batali what he might learn. The difference between the home cook and the professional, Batali responds. You'll learn the reality of the restaurant kitchen.... Consistency under pressure. And that's the reality: a lot of pressure.... You'll also develop an expanded kitchen awareness. You'll discover how to use your senses. You'll find you no longer rely on what your watch says. You'll hear when something is cooked. You'll smell degrees of doneness. To acquire such skills, Buford discovers, you keep having to be a slave -- to not one master but several, one after another, until you arrive at a proficiency (whatever that might be) or your own style (however long it takes) or else conclude that, finally, you just know a lot more than anyone else. Restaurant kitchens offer the miraculous pedagogy of relentless repetition. After some months, Buford can chop carrots into an acceptable fine dice; after cooking, peeling, trimming and slicing 150 lamb tongues, he declares himself an expert. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
ABSTRACT
In this book I have attempted to show that there is much to think about with respect to SCD beyond important work in basic and clinical science. In the early chapters of the book, I tried to stress that sickle cell is first and foremost a genetic adaptation to malarial pressures and not an essential correlate of black skin. It is a complex as well as variable condition, and Chapter 1 discussed how the simplifications devised for community education do sickle cell a disservice in two crucial respects. First, the shape of the red blood cell that has given sickle cell its very name (in the Global North) has meant that not only were SCD and sickle cell trait inadequately distinguished (since both were associated with sickling in the sickle solubility test) but also that other key mechanisms, for example, the ongoing premature destruction of red blood cells then associated with anaemia, and with increased blood flow to the brain, with implications for strokes, are not considered. Second, the focus on sickled cells blocking narrow blood vessels ignores a host of interactive, generative and cumulative physiological processes, as much, if not more important than the mechanics of blocking. But the emblematic role of the sickle shape and the blocking mechanisms in community education permits the types of discourse that conflate SCD and sickle cell trait to flourish in popular media, journalism and everyday understanding of sickle cell. This has deleterious consequences. A more nuanced understanding would not permit the assertion of a relationship of sickle cell trait to sudden deaths, whether in state custody, military training or professional sports training, to pass unremarked. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
List of craters on 253 Mathilde
This is a list of named craters on 253 Mathilde, an asteroid of the asteroid belt, approximately 53 kilometers in diameter. Because Mathilde is a dark, carbonaceous body, all of its craters have been named after famous coalfields from across the world. As of 2017, there are 23 officially named craters on this asteroid. | WIKI |
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Domain controller replacement rebuild???
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• Domain controller replacement rebuild???
I have a quick question. I have a small 2003 network with two 2003 servers and 1 domain server along with several workstations.
I have a question if the domain controller died and was not backed up.
If I rebuilt the domain controller with the same name, ip, etc.. would I be able to reattach the other servers and workstations to the "new" domain controller - if they had never been removed from the original domain server when it went down?
I hope that makes sense. Any advice or refrences would be deeply appreciated.
Robert
• #2
Hiya
Things that need to be done:
1) Check that your surviving server has all the FSMO roles. If not, then you will need to seize them. IMPORTANT NOTE: Make sure that your defunct DC is NEVER placed back on the network after seizing the FSMO roles.
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/255504
2) Rebuild new server. Recomend different netbios name and IP.
3) Run DCPROMO on your new server to make it a domain controller.
4) Run a Metadata cleanup to remove the records of the old server out of AD.
http://support.microsoft.com/?id=216498
5) Start backing up your Domain Controllers with NTBACKUP. Backup the system state on your DCs. This will give you more options done the track and the ability to recover if you lose both DCs.
Comment
• #3
Re: Domain controller replacement rebuild???
Originally posted by rmarlan
If I rebuilt the domain controller with the same name, ip, etc.. would I be able to reattach the other servers and workstations to the "new" domain controller - if they had never been removed from the original domain server when it went down?
I think what MrCaps was trying to say was No, this is not possible. All SID's etc would be completely different, best to take a system state backup, which is only small anyway.
topper
* Shamelessly mentioning "Don't forget to add reputation!"
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Working...
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User:Arbin bajracharya
Its been 15 years ive landed on earth and 14 years. I love to write poems and improve handwriting.
My favourites are... Football=lampard Basketball=durant Wrestling = sheamus Cricket= De villiers Swimming= Phelps | WIKI |
Iván Salgado López
Iván Salgado López (born 29 June 1991) is a Galician Spanish chess player, who attained the rank of Grandmaster in 2008. He won the Iberoamerican Chess Championship in 2012 and the Spanish Chess Championship in 2013, and again in 2017.
In 2011 Salgado López won the Ciutat de Barcelona round-robin tournament edging Yasser Seirawan on tiebreak score. He played for the Spanish national team which finished tenth in the 41st Chess Olympiad, held Tromsø, Norway in August 2014. | WIKI |
User:Keithhussey42/sandbox
Gordon Hopkins Nickname: Hoppy
Career: 1952-1954 Position: 1b, 2b Team: Indianapolis Clowns Born: June 30, 1934, Olney, Maryland
Baseball Career Highlights: "I batted .400 during a post-season All Star barnstorming tour in 1953."
Professional Personal Accomplishments: Hopkins served in the U.S. Marine Corps in the Engineering Battalion from 1954-1958 and played for the Camp Lejeune Marines baseball team. He was selected as a shortstop for the 1956 All Star game. He also played with the Parris Island Marines baseball club in 1958. After leaving the military, Hopkins worked for many large contractors in the Washington, D. C. area. For the past 24 years, he has been self-employed and involved with home improvement! remodeling contracts.
Awards, Honors, Titles, Championships, Schools, Colleges: • All-Marine Championship - 1955 • Fleet Marine Championship - 1956 • All-Marine Championship - 1958
Source: NLBM Legacy 2000 Players' Reunion Alumni Book, Kansas City Missouri: Negro Leagues Baseball Museum, Inc., 2000.
Gordon Hopkins photo Gordon Hopkins | WIKI |
The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended
The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended is a work of historical chronology written by Sir Isaac Newton, first published posthumously in 1728. Since then it has been republished. The work, some 87,000 words, represents one of Newton's forays into the topic of chronology, detailing the rise and history of various ancient kingdoms throughout antiquity.
Contents
The treatise is composed of eight primary sections. First is an introductory letter to Caroline of Ansbach, the Queen of England, by John Conduitt MP, the husband of Newton's niece, followed by a short advertisement. After this is found a section entitled "A Short Chronicle" which serves as a brief historical list of events listed in chronological order, beginning with the earliest listed date of 1125 BC and the most recent listed at 331 BC. The majority of the treatise, however, is in the form of six chapters that explore the history of specific civilizations. These chapters are titled:
* Chap. I. Of the Chronology of the First Ages of the Greeks.
* Chap. II. Of the Empire of Egypt.
* Chap. III. Of the Assyrian Empire.
* Chap. IV. Of the two Contemporary Empires of the Babylonians and Medes.
* Chap. V. A Description of the Temple of Solomon.
* Chap. VI. Of the Empire of the Persians.
According to John Conduitt's introductory letter, The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended was Isaac Newton's last personally revised work before his death but had actually been written much earlier. Some of its subject material and contents have led many people to categorize this work as one of Isaac Newton's occult studies.
The work treats figures from Greek mythology, such as the centaur Chiron and the Argonauts, as historical fact. | WIKI |
.NET => COM Invalid Cast Exception
Comments Off on .NET => COM Invalid Cast Exception
If you get an InvalidCastException when accessing a COM object from .NET, it generally means that there is a version mismatch between the .NET interop dll and the COM object.
1. Use Lutz Net Reflector to open the interop dll and disassemble the definition of the interface that you are trying to cast to. Note the interface ID (GUID).
2. Use OLE Viewer to open the COM dll as a type library. Examine the interface definition to make sure the GUID is the same.
3. If using DCOM/COM+, run Component Manager, open the component, open the interface list, right-click on the interface and select Properties. Once again the GUID should match.
If everything checks out, make sure that the COM interface is actually registered on your machine. Using an unregistered interface produces the same error message as using the wrong version. Note that if you are using DCOM remoting you do not need to have the component dll registered on the client machine, but you must register the dll that defines the interface that you are using. Just having the interop is not enough.
This is fairly obvious stuff once you figure it out, but it just took me several hours to track it down. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
8 Medication Questions for Caregivers to Ask Doctors
CARE TIPS:
People with Alzheimer’s generally take a lot of medicine. Some drugs boost memory and cognition, while others help with mood, behavior and the many conditions that affect the elderly. Learn how caregivers can help ensure medication is taken safely and correctly.
There are 2 things that can be said about all FDA-approved medications:
1. They help many people.
2. They have side-effects.
The key is to get the right balance. Here is where to start:
Learn the Basics
Know each medicine (prescription and over-the-counter) the person with Alzheimer’s disease takes. Ask the doctor or pharmacist:
1. Why is this medicine being used?
2. What positive effects should I look for, and when?
3. How long will the person need to take it?
4. How much should he or she take each day?
5. When does the person need to take the medicine?
6. What if the person misses a dose?
7. What are the side effects, and what can I do about them?
8. Can this medicine cause problems if taken with other medicines?
Managing medications is easier if you have a complete list of them. The list should show the name of the medicine, the doctor who prescribed it, how much the person with Alzheimer’s takes, and how often. Keep the list in a safe place at home, and make a copy to keep in your purse or wallet. Bring it with you when you visit the person’s doctor or pharmacist.
People with Alzheimer’s should be monitored when a new drug is started. Follow the doctor’s instructions and report any unusual symptoms right away. Also, let the doctor know before adding or changing any medications.
Use Medicines Safely
People with Alzheimer’s disease often need help taking their medicine. If the person lives alone, you may need to call and remind him or her or leave notes around the home. A pillbox allows you to put pills for each day in one place. Some pillboxes come with alarms that remind a person to take medicine.
Often, you will need to keep track of the person’s medicines. You also will need to make sure the person takes the medicines or give the medicines to him or her.
Some people with Alzheimer’s take medicines to treat behavior problems such as restlessness, anxiety, depression, trouble sleeping, and aggression. Experts agree that medicines to treat behavior problems should be used only after other strategies that don’t use medicine have been tried. Talk with the person’s doctor about which medicines are safest and most effective. With these types of medicines, it is important to:
• Use the lowest dose possible
• Watch for side effects such as confusion and falls
• Allow the medicine a few weeks to take effect
People with Alzheimer’s should NOT take anticholinergic drugs. These drugs are used to treat many medical problems, such as sleeping problems, stomach cramps, incontinence, asthma, motion sickness, and muscle spasms. Side effects can be serious for a person with Alzheimer’s. Talk with the person’s doctor about other, safer drugs.
Other Safety Tips
Some people, especially those with late-stage Alzheimer’s, may have trouble swallowing pills. In this case, ask the pharmacist if the medicine can be crushed or taken in liquid form. Other ways to make sure medicines are taken safely:
• Keep all medications locked up.
• Check that the label on each prescription bottle has the drug name and dose, patient’s name, dosage frequency, and expiration date.
• Call the doctor or pharmacist if you have questions about any medicine.
For information about medicines to treat Alzheimer’s disease, see the “Alzheimer’s Disease Medications Fact Sheet.”
STUDIES ARE ENROLLING NOW!
MEMORY LOSS
For those who are struggling with memory loss, a memory screen is a step in the right direction to keeping their minds healthy. Apply for a FREE memory screen today! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:PaulinaOsiecka/sandbox
= Department of Information, Library and Book Studies at University of Lodz =
The University of Lodz's Department of Information, Library and Book Studies is a didactic and scientific division that is a component of the Faculty of Philology's organizational framework. Dedicated to book and library science, it was Poland's first establishment, founded in 1945. It took part in putting into practice Poland's first book knowledge study program. The Department's present location is the University of Lodz's new Faculty of Philology building, located at 171/173 Pomorska Street in Lodz.
History
Prof. Jan Muszkowski organized the Department and started conducting scientific and research activities in 1945. Muszkowski started teaching students without waiting for the Ministry of Education to approve the curriculum. In 1948, Adam Łysakowski became the first person in Poland who received a habilitation in book science, even though the field was still in its infancy.
Helena Więckowska took over as the Department's head following the passing of Jan Muszkowski. For seventy years, the University of Lodz has trained librarians exclusively inside the Faculty of Philological Faculty, after the partition of the Faculty of Humanities in 1951 into the Faculty of History and Social Sciences, and the Faculty of Philology. A unified, national library science curriculum was introduced in 1976 and was taught at all Polish universities' training facilities for library science experts.
The department’s location has shifted four times since the 1960s. Starting from the University of Lodz Library Building and moving down Kociuszko Street, Matejki Street, and finally Pomorska Street, the Faculty of Philology's building. The department has been located there since 2014.
Heads of Department
Following Professor J. Muszkowski's passing in 1953, Professor. Helena Więckowska, a historian, bibliologist, librarian, and director of the University Library in Lodz, took over as head of the department. The department's head was appointed prof. dr hab. Boleslaw Swiderski, a librarian and scholar of library science, in 1969. Prof. Hanna Tadeusiewicz, a polonist, bibliologist, and press specialist, has been in charge since 1987. Subsequently, the director of the department was dr hab. Jadwiga Konieczna, who also chairs the editorial committee of the magazine "Bibliotekarz" and the University of Lodz Library Council. Since 2015, prof. UL, dr hab. Mariola Antczak, an information scientist and bibliologist, has held the role of head.
Activities and didactics
the Department's employees have a very broad and diverse range of scientific interests. It has multidisciplinary components in addition to the usual bibliological problems. The employees also organize numerous conferences, workshops, lectures, seminars and exhibitions. They also edit the scientific periodical "Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Librorum".
The department currently offers a bachelor's degree program called Information in the Digital Environment and a master's degree program called Information Science with Business English.
Research workers
* prof. UL, dr hab. Mariola Antczak
* dr Alina Brzuska-Kępa
* dr Grzegorz Czapnik
* dr Zbigniew Gruszka
* dr hab. Stanisława Kurek vel Kokocińska
* dr Monika Wachowicz
* dr hab. Agata Walczak-Niewiadomska
* prof. dr hab. Andrzej Wałkówski
* dr Michał Żytomirski | WIKI |
Dotty Documentation
0.13.0-bin-SNAPSHOT
package dotty.tools.dotc.typer
[-] Constructors
[-] Members
[+] object Applications
[+] trait Applications
[+] object Checking
[+] trait Checking
[+] object ConstFold
[+] trait Deriving
A typer mixin that implements typeclass derivation functionality
[+] object Docstrings
[+] object Dynamic
[+] trait Dynamic
Handles programmable member selections of Dynamic instances and values with structural types. Two functionalities:
1. Translates selection that does not typecheck according to the scala.Dynamic rules: foo.bar(baz) = quux ~~> foo.selectDynamic(bar).update(baz, quux) foo.bar = baz ~~> foo.updateDynamic("bar")(baz) foo.bar(x = bazX, y = bazY, baz, ...) ~~> foo.applyDynamicNamed("bar")(("x", bazX), ("y", bazY), ("", baz), ...) foo.bar(baz0, baz1, ...) ~~> foo.applyDynamic(bar)(baz0, baz1, ...) foo.bar ~~> foo.selectDynamic(bar)
The first matching rule of is applied.
1. Translates member selections on structural types to calls of selectDynamic or applyDynamic on a Selectable instance. @See handleStructural.
[+] object ErrorReporting
[+] object EtaExpansion
Lifter for eta expansion
[+] @sharable object ForceDegree
An enumeration controlling the degree of forcing in "is-dully-defined" checks.
[+] class FrontEnd
[+] object FrontEnd
[+] trait ImplicitRunInfo
Info relating to implicits that is kept for one run
[+] object Implicits
Implicit resolution
[+] trait Implicits
The implicit resolution part of type checking
[+] class ImportInfo
Info relating to an import clause
[+] object ImportInfo
[+] object Inferencing
[+] trait Inferencing
[+] class Inliner
Produces an inlined version of call via its inlined method.
[+] object Inliner
[+] class LiftComplex
Lift all impure or complex arguments
[+] object LiftComplex
[+] class LiftImpure
Lift all impure arguments
[+] object LiftImpure
[+] object LiftToDefs
Lift all impure or complex arguments to defs
[+] abstract class Lifter
A class that handles argument lifting. Argument lifting is needed in the following scenarios: - eta expansion - applications with default arguments - applications with out-of-order named arguments Lifting generally lifts impure expressions only, except in the case of possible default arguments, where we lift also complex pure expressions, since in that case arguments can be duplicated as arguments to default argument methods.
[+] class Namer
This class creates symbols from definitions and imports and gives them lazy types.
Timeline:
During enter, trees are expanded as necessary, populating the expandedTree map. Symbols are created, and the symOfTree map is set up.
Symbol completion causes some trees to be already typechecked and typedTree entries are created to associate the typed trees with the untyped expanded originals.
During typer, original trees are first expanded using expandedTree. For each expanded member definition or import we extract and remove the corresponding symbol from the symOfTree map and complete it. We then consult the typedTree map to see whether a typed tree exists already. If yes, the typed tree is returned as result. Otherwise, we proceed with regular type checking.
The scheme is designed to allow sharing of nodes, as long as each duplicate appears in a different method.
[+] object NamerContextOps
[+] trait NamerContextOps
[+] trait NoChecking
[+] object NoLift
No lifting at all
[+] object PrepareInlineable
[+] object ProtoTypes
[+] trait ReChecking
[+] class ReTyper
A version of Typer that keeps all symbols defined and referenced in a previously typed tree.
All definition nodes keep their symbols. All leaf nodes for idents, selects, and TypeTrees keep their types. Indexing is a no-op.
Otherwise, everything is as in Typer.
[+] class RefChecks
Post-attribution checking and transformation, which fulfills the following roles
1. This phase performs the following checks.
• only one overloaded alternative defines default arguments
• applyDynamic methods are not overloaded
• all overrides conform to rules laid down by checkAllOverrides.
• any value classes conform to rules laid down by checkDerivedValueClass.
• this(...) constructor calls do not forward reference other definitions in their block (not even lazy vals).
• no forward reference in a local block jumps over a non-lazy val definition.
• a class and its companion object do not both define a class or module with the same name.
1. It warns about references to symbols labeled deprecated or migration.
2. It eliminates macro definitions.
3. It makes members not private where necessary. The following members cannot be private in the Java model:
• term members of traits
• the primary constructor of a value class
• the parameter accessor of a value class
• members accessed from an inner or companion class. All these members are marked as NotJavaPrivate. Unlike in Scala 2.x not-private members keep their name. It is up to the backend to find a unique expanded name for them. The rationale to do name changes that late is that they are very fragile.
todo: But RefChecks is not done yet. It's still a somewhat dirty port from the Scala 2 version. todo: move untrivial logic to their own mini-phases
[+] object RefChecks
[+] abstract class SearchHistory
Records the history of currently open implicit searches.
A search history maintains a list of open implicit searches (open) a shortcut flag indicating whether any of these are by name (byname) and a reference to the root search history (root) which in turn maintains a possibly empty dictionary of recursive implicit terms constructed during this search.
A search history provides operations to create a nested search history, check for divergence, enter by name references and definitions in the implicit dictionary, lookup recursive references and emit a complete implicit dictionary when the outermost search is complete.
[+] final class SearchRoot
The the state corresponding to the outermost context of an implicit searcch.
[+] final class TermRefSet
A set of term references where equality is =:=
[+] object TypeAssigner
[+] trait TypeAssigner
[+] class Typer
[+] object Typer
[+] class VarianceChecker
[+] object VarianceChecker
Provides check method to check that all top-level definitions in tree are variance correct. Does not recurse inside methods. The method should be invoked once for each Template.
[+] object Variances | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:RudyB
From Cape Cod, Massachusetts
I am a formerly active member of the Wikipedia community. I still pop in from time to time to make minor edits to articles or partake in a discussion, but I no longer do any substantial editing.
"Rubinstein's Immortal"
George Rotlewi vs Akiba Rubinstein, Tarrasch Defense: Symmetrical Variation, Lodz, 1907 | WIKI |
0
Direct connection from bOS Config to server
Francois Lesueur 2 years ago in bOS Configurator updated by Jürgen Jürgenson 2 years ago 3
Hello,
I'm trying to connect bOS configurator directly to the server, i.e. not using the public address. Of course the PC running bOS configurator is on the same LAN than the server.
In the configurator I create a profile manually, indicating the server IP address. But I'm getting the "Error connecting to server" message.
An automatic profile with the server name does connect, but it is connecting from the outside (i.e. the PC goes on the Internet to the ComfortClick server public address, which is very slow and creates frequent disconnect).
From the PC, I can connect to the server using Internet Edge : it displays bOS client, and it's working perfectly. So, the PC does see the ComfortClick server IP address.
From an iPad on the same LAN, a manually created profile with the local IP address is working fine as well.
So I don't understand why it's not working from bOS configurator. Any ideas ? Anything specific to the configurator that could explain ? I'm using V 4.8.15, and I can't upgrade as I don't want to upgrade my server.
Thank you very much,
François
Hey,
I would suggest you make a ticket for this issue. Or make a backup copy of your bOS server folder and update/install the latest bOS 4.9.14. Though I personally did not have any problems with configurator not connecting. We did have problems with Android phones not connecting tho.
This is the answer for our Android clients not connecting to 4.8 or older servers: "We had some complaints where clients couldn't connect via Android, because since some latest android updates, some SSL certificates that are running on some older machines expired and latest version of bOS needed to be installed in order to make the connection work."
Hello,
Thank you for your quick answer.
I can't backup the bOS server folder as I'm on Jigsaw (the old Z-Wave version)
Can it be linked to TLS as I got some TLS warning message displayed on the themes in place of the screens. I had to authorize older TLS standards to fix it. But I still can't connect directly.
Then I think you need to make a ticket. bOS support can check it remotely.
If the external connection works with configurator then try to make a backup with it.
Old TLS 1.0 may also be the problem as its not supported anymore... To fix the problem temporarily, launch Internet Properties, go to Advanced and select Use TLS 1.0.
And If it then configurator connects try to backup and update jigsaw. As Android is already having problems with bOS 4.8 and older I don't there's a way around it. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The role of amino acids
- Jun 12, 2018 -
The role of amino acids as the first nutrient element in the body, its role in food nutrition is obvious, but it can not be directly used in the human body, but by being turned into small amino acid molecules after being used. That is, it is not directly absorbed by the human body in the gastrointestinal tract of the human body, but it is absorbed in the small intestine through the action of various digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract, which decomposes the polymer protein into low-molecular-weight polypeptides or amino acids. Enter the liver along the portal vein. Some amino acids decompose or synthesize proteins in the liver; another part of amino acids continues to distribute with the blood to various tissues and organs, allowing them to select and synthesize various specific tissue proteins. Under normal circumstances, amino acids enter the bloodstream at almost the same rate as their output, so normal human blood has a fairly constant amino acid content. If amino nitrogen is used, the content per milliliter of plasma is 4 to 6 milligrams, and the content per milliliter of blood corpuscle is 6.5 to 9.6 milligrams. After eating the protein, a large number of amino acids were absorbed and the blood amino acid levels temporarily increased. After 6 to 7 hours, the content returned to normal. It shows that the amino acid metabolism in the body is in a dynamic equilibrium, with blood amino acid as its equilibrium hub, and the liver is an important regulator of blood amino acids. Therefore, food proteins are absorbed by the body after being digested and broken down into amino acids, and antibodies use these amino acids to synthesize their own proteins. The human body's need for protein is actually a need for amino acids.
Nitrogen balance
When the quality and amount of protein in the daily diet are appropriate, the amount of nitrogen ingested by the feces, urine and skin is equal to the amount of nitrogen, which is called the total balance of nitrogen. It is actually a balance between the constant synthesis and decomposition between proteins and amino acids. Normal daily intake of protein should be kept within a certain range, suddenly increase or decrease the amount of intake, the body can still regulate the amount of protein metabolism to maintain nitrogen balance. Ingestion of excessive protein, beyond the body's ability to adjust, the balance mechanism will be destroyed. If you do not eat protein at all, the body tissue protein will still be decomposed and the negative nitrogen balance will continue to appear. If you do not take timely measures to correct it, you will eventually lead to the death of the antibody.
Turn into fat
The a-keto acid produced by the amino acid catabolism is metabolized along with different characteristics, through metabolic pathways of sugar or lipid. A-keto acid can be re-synthesized to a new amino acid, or converted into sugar or fat, or into the tricarboxylic acid cycle to oxidatively decompose to CO2 and H2O, and release energy.
Generate a carbon unit
Some amino acid catabolism produces groups containing one carbon atom, including methyl, methylene, methoyl, methynyl, cresyl, and iminomethyl groups.
One carbon unit has the following two characteristics: 1. Cannot exist in free form in vivo; 2. Must use tetrahydrofolate as carrier. The amino acids that produce one carbon unit are: serine, tryptophan, histidine, and glycine. In addition, methionine (methionine) can provide "active methyl" (1-carbon unit) via S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), so methionine can also generate one-carbon unit. The main physiological function of the one-carbon unit is as a raw material for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, and is a link between amino acids and nucleotides. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Robert Ludlum bibliography
Books not written by Ludlum
Why does the book list contain books not written by Ludlum? --Oddeivind (talk) 22:08, 25 November 2015 (UTC)
* I included them because they are published under the Ludlum brand and are based on series created by Ludlum. They are also still promoted as Ludlum books by his publisher and the media. To not include them would leave gaps in what people associate with the Ludlum name. The fact that they are not written by Ludlum himself is covered in the lead and in the notes section which I think is adequate. Salavat (talk) 00:27, 26 November 2015 (UTC)
* The non-Ludlum books should be separated out, if they need be kept at all. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:52, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
ROBERT LUDLUM'S™ Trademark
All the later Jason Bourne novels written by Eric van Lustbader bear the trademark ROBERT LUDLUM'S™. I was unable to identify the owner of the TM in an extensive online search including US Government's United States Patent and Trademark Office search engine TESS, the Ludlum trademark TREADSTONE, the publishers of the books in question, and general searches. Perhaps someone else can track this down??? D A Patriarche, BSc (talk) (talk) 02:00, 16 January 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:DOJ Report on Shooting of Michael Brown.djvu/21
The SLCPD Crime Laboratory conducted DNA analysis on swabs taken from Wilson, Brown, Wilson's gun, and the crime scene. Brown's DNA was found at four significant locations: on Wilson's gun; on the roadway further away from where he died; on the SUV driver's door and inside the driver's cabin area of the SUV; and on Wilson's clothes. A DNA mixture from which Wilson's DNA could not be excluded was found on Brown's left palm.
Analysis of DNA on Wilson's gun revealed a major mixture profile that is 2.1 octillion times more likely a mixture of DNA from Wilson and DNA from Brown than from Wilson and anyone else. This is conclusive evidence that Brown's DNA was on Wilson's gun.
Brown is the source of the DNA found in two bloodstains on Canfield Drive, approximately 17 and 22 feet east of where Brown fell to his death, proving that Brown moved forward toward Wilson prior to the fatal shot to his head.
Brown's DNA was found both on the inside and outside of the driver's side of the SUV. Brown is the source of DNA in blood found on the exterior of the passenger door of the driver's side of the SUV. Likewise, a piece of Brown's skin was recovered from the exterior of the driver's door of the SUV, consistent with Brown sustaining injury while at that door. Brown is also the source of the major contributor of a DNA mixture found on the interior driver's door handle of the SUV. A DNA mixture obtained from the top of the exterior of the driver's door revealed a major mixture profile that is 6.9 million times more likely a mixture of DNA from Wilson and DNA from Brown than from Wilson and anyone else.
Brown's DNA was found on Wilson's uniform shirt collar and pants. With respect to the left side of Wilson's shirt and collar, it is 2.1 trillion times more likely that the recovered DNA mixture is DNA from Wilson and DNA from Brown than from Wilson and anyone else. Similarly, with respect to a DNA mixture obtained from the left side of Wilson's pants, it is 34 sextillion times more likely that the mixture is DNA from Wilson and DNA from Brown than from Wilson and anyone else. Brown is also the source of the major male profile found in a DNA mixture found in a bloodstain on the upper left thigh of Wilson's pants.
DNA analysis of Brown's left palm revealed a DNA mixture with Brown as the major contributor, and Wilson being 98 times more likely the minor contributor than anyone else.
DNA analysis of Brown's clothes, right hand, fingernails, and clothes excluded Wilson as a possible contributor. | WIKI |
Home > How to Tips
11 Ways to Fix Error Code 100006 on Mac with External drive
Updated on Wednesday, February 1, 2023
iBoysoft author Jenny Zeng
Written by
Jenny Zeng
Professional tech editor
Approved by
Jessica Shee
How to Fix Error Code 100006 on Mac When Using External drive?
Summary: This post guides you to understand what Mac error code 100006 (The operation can't be completed because an unexpected error occurred) is, its causes, and 11 ways to eliminate it.
Fix Mac error code 100006
Getting "The operation can't be completed because an unexpected error occurred (error code 100006)" on Mac? The error doesn't provide much useful information about the exact cause of it but will keep popping up on your Mac until it's resolved. Here, we will dive deeper into error code 100006 to help you fix it.
Guide to Mac error code 100006:
What is error code 100006?
Mac error cide 100006
Mac error code 100006 usually occurs when you fail to read or write files to an external storage device or restore files from an external drive to your Mac. Here are some of the common cases that, when failed, may cause error code 100006:
• Copy files from your Mac to an external disk.
• Read or write to an external drive on Mac.
• Moving files from one external disk to another on Mac.
• Restore Photos library from Time Machine backup disk to Mac.
What causes error 100006 on a Mac?
Though it's hard to attribute error code 100006 to a specific issue directly, it's likely resulted from one of the following problems:
• The external hard drive keeps disconnecting on Mac.
• The receiving drive doesn't have enough space.
• The adaptor for your external disk is having issues.
• Your external drive is falling or having disk errors.
• The USB cable, hub, or port is faulty.
• You don't have permission to write to the drive or folder.
• Malware or virus infection.
Find the information helpful? Please share it with your friends.
How to fix error 100006 on Mac?
Here are the solutions to fix The operation can't be completed because an unexpected error occurred (error code 100006) on Mac:
• Use a different cable or adapter
• Directly connect to your Mac
• Try copying the files to your desktop before transferring
• Change the permission
• Stop Spotlight from indexing Folders & Othe
• Check and repair your Mac and the external drive
• Restore from the Time Machine app
• Clean for more disk space
• Troubleshoot with Console or Etrecheck
• Reformat the external hard drive or USB
• Reinstall macOS
Share these solutions to your favorite platform.
Use a different cable or adapter
Some users who had error code 100006 on Mac have managed to fix it by simply changing the adapter used with the external drive. It turns out that the old one is faulty and can't transfer data as expected. It's also worth a try to switch to a different USB cable as the one you are using may have issues.
Note that a USB 3.0 cable may work fine on a Windows PC but not well shielded on Mac. Therefore, if you are not using the original cable of your hard drive or the cable is worn out, it's best to replace it with a new one, preferably one that comes with your drive.
Directly connect to your Mac
Using an external USB hub may be drawing more amperage than the USB port can provide, rendering the Mac error code 100006. Thus, it's recommended to disconnect the hub and connect your external disk directly to your Mac.
Try copying the files to your desktop before transferring
If you are transferring files between two external drives when encountering Mac error code 100006, it may help if you first copy the files to the desktop and then move the files on the desktop to your receiving disk.
Change the permission
You may also get "The operation can't be completed because an unexpected error occurred (error code 100006)" if you don't have access to the device or folder you want to write files to. For instance, if you want to move files to a folder of an external disk, you should have write access to it. That's especially important if you are not logged in as an administrator.
You can follow the steps below to check and change the permission:
1. Plug the external disk you want to have read & write access into your Mac.
2. Right-click the disk and choose "Get Info."
3. Click the yellow padlock at the bottom-right of the pop-up and enter your password.
4. Locate "Sharing & Permissions."
5. Click your user account in the Name column and select "Read & Write" under Privilege.
6. Click the Action pop-up, then choose "Apply to enclosed items."
Change permission of the external disk
7. Tap OK.
8. Click the lock to save changes.
Stop Spotlight from indexing Folders & Other
Spotlight keeps tracking of where all your documents and data are for quick retrieval. That applies to not only your Mac but also its connected devices. However, you may fail to move files from or to your external drive if Spotlight is having issues indexing it.
To avoid Spotlight indexing causing troubles, you can temporarily exclude "Folders" and "Other" from being indexed with these steps:
1. Open the Apple menu > System Preferences.
2. Select Spotlight.
3. Uncheck "Folders" and "Other" from the list under "Search Results."
Exclude Folders and Other from being indexed by Spotlight
Check and repair your Mac and the external drive
It's possible that your drive has errors stopping it from reading or writing data correctly. To check whether it has disk errors, you can run Disk Utility First Aid, which will automatically repair errors it finds. Ensure the external drive is connected to your Mac and go through the steps below:
1. Open Finder and navigate to Applications > Utilities.
2. Launch Disk Utility.
3. Select your external hard drive or USB from the left side.
4. Click "First Aid" at the top.
5. Click Run.
Repair the external drive that triggers error 100006 with First Aid
6. Wait for Disk Utility to finish the scan.
7. Repeat steps 3-6 with your startup disk.
If Disk Utility finds errors on your startup disk, you must repair it in Recovery Mode. If Disk Utility reports errors it can't repair on the external hard drive, it's advisable to back up data and reformat it.
Restore from the Time Machine app
If error code 100006 happens when trying to restore something backed up with Time Machine like the Photos library to your Mac. Make sure you are doing the restoring from the Time Machine app itself. Here are the detailed steps:
1. Keep the backup disk connected.
2. Open the folder where the item you want to restore was located.
3. Launch Time Machine.
4. Use the arrows or timeline to locate the right backup.
5. Select the items you want to restore and click Restore.
6. Check the restored items in their original location.
Clean for more disk space
Not having enough disk space may also lead to Mac error code 100006. You can check your Mac and the external disk's free space in Disk Utility. If your disk storage is running low, delete the unnecessary and duplicate files to make more space.
Note that sometimes the purgeable space will take up a significant amount of your disk space. If that also happens to you, you may have many local snapshots that need to be removed.
Troubleshoot with Console or Etrecheck
Chances are that certain processes are experiencing issues when your external drive is connected, resulting in error code 100006. To find out, you can take a look at the report in Console. Then, pay attention to the processes or applications that crashed when error 100006 popped up. If you find a suspect, try looking into the crash and deal with it first.
You can also generate a diagnostic report with Etrecheck, which gives you a general overview of your Mac's state. It will show you the major or minor issues your Mac has, the adware you accidentally installed, hidden files you can safely delete, apps that crashed in the past 7-30 days, and other useful information you can view or share with an expert without any charge.
Etrecheck report about your Mac status
The issues Etrecheck detected may contribute to "The operation can't be completed because an unexpected error occurred (error code 100006)", so it's suggested to take care of them before performing the task you intended.
Reformat the external hard drive or USB
On many occasions, the problem often lies in the external hard drive. For example, if the drive is formatted for Windows, you need to reformat it to be used on Mac. If the format isn't the issue, but your drive has errors that Disk utility can't repair, you can reformat it to start fresh. Note that you need to back up the critical data on the drive before reformatting it.
You can't simply drag and drop or copy and paste the crucial files from the drive that triggers Mac error code 100006 to another storage device. Instead, to get the data off the problematic drive, you can employ a professional data recovery tool like iBoysoft Data Recovery for Mac or make a bit-by-bit clone of the drive with iBoysoft DiskGeeker.
After the data is secured, follow the steps below to reformat the drive:
1. Connect the drive to your Mac.
2. Open Disk Utility from the Applications > Utilities folder.
3. Select the external disk from the left side.
4. Click Erase.
5. Name the drive and select a Mac-compatible format.
6. Click Erase > Done.
Now try restoring data to the formatted drive and see if it functions properly.
Reinstall macOS
If none of the abovementioned solutions works, the last straw is to reinstall macOS, which you can carry out in Recovery Mode. The new installation will replace the current troublesome OS quickly and easily. Also, simply reinstalling the operating system without erasing the startup disk won't affect your data.
Hopefully, you have resolved error code 100006 with this post's solutions. If you find it useful, please share it with your friends.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Portal:Norway/DYK/107
* ...that association footballer Mikkel Diskerud (pictured) played both for and against the United States national youth team in the spring of 2008?
* ...that former professional footballer Charlie Sillett was one of two Royal Navy gunners killed when the Norwegian steamship SS Corvus was sunk by a torpedo launched from the German U-boat U-1018?
* ...that Norwegian poet Gunnar Reiss-Andersen is grandfather to mystery author Berit Reiss-Andersen, a former Norwegian Secretary of State?
Source
* 1) Recent additions 242, Numbered archive of Main Page appearance.
* 2) Recent additions 242, Numbered archive of Main Page appearance.
* 3) Recent additions 242, Numbered archive of Main Page appearance. | WIKI |
USS Notable (MSO-460)
USS Notable (AM-460/MSO-460) was an Aggressive-class minesweeper acquired by the U.S. Navy for the task of removing mines that had been placed in the water to prevent the safe passage of ships.
The second Notable (MSO-460) was laid down 8 June 1953 by Higgins, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana; launched 15 October 1954 sponsored by Mrs. deLesseps G. Morrison, wife of the Mayor of New Orleans; and commissioned 8 June 1955.
East Coast operations
Following shakedown out of Charleston, South Carolina, Notable served as a training ship for the Navy School of Mine Warfare, Norfolk, Virginia. Returning to Charleston on 18 November 1955, the mine sweeper operated with the U.S. 2nd Fleet in the Western Atlantic Ocean for the next two years, and then, on 9 January 1958, deployed to the Mediterranean for a six-month cruise with the U.S. 6th Fleet, returning 23 June. Temporarily assigned to the Loran "B" Experimental Development Force in October and November 1958, Notable operated off the U.S. East Coast until 18 September 1959 when she entered Norfolk Navy Yard for overhaul.
North Atlantic operations
Engaging in Atlantic Ocean amphibious exercises in early 1960, and her second six months deployment to the Mediterranean, the ship departed Charleston in January 1961 for minesweeping exercises and a Caribbean cruise. Calling at ports in the Virgin Islands and the British West Indies, Notable sailed to Cape Canaveral, Florida, in April to assist Project Mercury Forces in the launching of America's first man in space, Lt. Comdr. Alan B. Shepard, USN. For the remainder of the year, the minesweeper operated off Florida, overhauling at Jacksonville, Florida, from July to October and deploying 6 January 1962 for another Caribbean cruise. She returned to Charleston 1 May, and operated off the Atlantic coast patrolling during the Cuban Missile Crisis in November 1962. On 17 September 1963 Notable, in company with other ships of Mine Division 85 departed Charleston for the Mediterranean.
Caribbean and Mediterranean operations
The minesweeper returned to Charleston 1 March 1964 and on completion of overhaul in late June 1965, she deployed to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba for refresher training for a month with a one week visit to Port Antonio, Jamaica. In early August 1965 she returned to Charleston. In early September she departed Charleston for New York City where she ported at Brooklyn Navy Yard for minor preparations for two weeks, from there she continued to Portsmouth, New Hampshire for mine sweeping exercises, returning to Charleston in early October 1965. On 24 January 1966 she departed for her fourth Mediterranean deployment. Arriving Rota, Spain, 21 February, the ship was immediately ordered to participate in the search for a nuclear bomb lost in an air collision off Palomares. The minesweeper remained on this duty until salvage was completed 30 March. She then made goodwill visits to ports in Italy and France, and participated in intensive amphibious training until returning to Charleston 14 July.
Later operations
Notable sailed 19 September for extensive minesweeping exercises off New England. This operation was immediately followed by a cruise to Puerto Rico where she joined other U.S. 2nd Fleet ships in "Operation LantFlex66", a full-scale mock invasion of Vieques Island. The minesweeper returned to Charleston 15 December and operated out of there for the next year.
Decommissioning
Notable was decommissioned (date unknown) and was stricken from the Navy List 1 February 1971. She was sold for scrap in 1971. | WIKI |
Talk:Leeds/Archives/2010/January
List of people from Leeds
Just to let you know that I've put sources in for pretty much all the entries in this list now. I haven't altered any of the descriptions - most of it is OK but some could do with tweaking. Anyway, feel free to add more (sourced!) entries. We've probably got most major modern personalities, but a crude search shows that there are a lot of now dead people who are not on the list. To my mind those are probably more useful and interesting entries to have on the list (most people know that Corinne Bailey Rae or James Milner are from Leeds, but not so much Eric Rücker Eddison for example). Cheers. Quantpole (talk) 13:19, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
* Hey, great work! I've alphabetised the A and B sections and will do the rest when time permits, probably late this evening, if no-one else has done so.
* I think that the list should be pointed to from a See Also section in the Leeds article. It would probably be invidious to single out any particular people for insertion into the Leeds page, though. --GuillaumeTell 18:44, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
* Well, I beat you to it! I've added the list to the Leeds navigational template, but it should probably be linked somewhere in the article as well. I agree that it would be very difficult to do a summary of particularly famous people without falling afoul of POV etc. I'll have a think about how it would best be done. Quantpole (talk) 23:02, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
What was agreed?
Can someone please fill me in on what kind of page that we have here. The last time I was here we were fruitlessly arguing over a merged/spilt page. Now we seem to have a page 'City of Leeds', however 'Leeds Metropolitan District' (which I would have assumed to be the city of Leeds) redirects to 'Leeds'. What exactly was agreed to? Is the page 'City of Leeds' the equivelent of the former 'Government of Leeds' page and therefore have we reverted to a merged page? I would be grateful to anyone who could clear this up?Mtaylor848 (talk) 19:01, 19 January 2010 (UTC) | WIKI |
File:I Wrote A Simple Song.jpg
Summary
Front cover of the Billy Preston album, I wrote a simple song. | WIKI |
Talk:Plan Canada
Very high salaries
Please see the talk page of Plan International for details of exorbitant salaries paid to top officials of this charity.
Good news: they are using 80% of their income for charitable work. Lehasa (talk) 22:14, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
Page is not neutral, needs more sources
As stated in the disclaimers, this page seriously needs work. It has very clearly been written by someone working for, or closely involved with, the organization, and should present more sources and neutral language. Onion-IO (talk) 02:03, 31 January 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
id,summary,reporter,owner,description,type,status,priority,milestone,component,version,resolution,keywords,cc,blockedby,blocking 19033,dojox IndicatorElement is not working properly when has('dojo-bidi') is true.,bmaier,dylans ,"This[https://github.com/dojo/dojox/blob/master/charting/action2d/_IndicatorElement.js#L237 code], inverts the indicator element whenever has('dojo-bidi') is true, but when the chart is not RTL it should not. When the chart is RTl, the chart is [https://github.com/dojo/dojox/blob/master/charting/action2d/_IndicatorElement.js#L126 already being inverted] so this flips it back to being incorrect. The latter behavior can be seen in [https://archive.dojotoolkit.org/nightly/dojotoolkit/dojox/charting/tests/BidiSupport/mirror_mouseIndicator.html one of the test pages], and if you set has('dojo-bidi') to true on the normal mouse indicator test page you can see the issue there as well. This code was originally introduced as a fix for RTL support, so I'm a little concerned that it fixed a scenario I'm not seeing. But as far as I can tell, it seems to break it in either case.",defect,closed,high,1.9.12,Charting,1.12.2,fixed,,,, | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Pruitt’s troubles deepen
The Environmental Protection Agency’s inspector general is considering an investigation of Administrator Scott Pruitt’s $50-a-night condo lease — a development accompanied by the departure of one of his top aides, the erosion of one of his key defenses, a troubled Fox News interview and growing concern in the White House about his cascade of ethical problems. The review, confirmed by an EPA inspector general spokesman on Thursday, opens the prospect of yet another formal IG inquiry into Pruitt, whose aggressive championing of President Donald Trump's deregulatory agenda has been accompanied by questions about his travel spending, secretive habits and closeness with industries that EPA regulates. The IG is already conducting at least three investigations into Pruitt's taxpayer-funded travel, his use of a special hiring authority, and his spending on a soundproof phone booth for his office. But in a rare piece of good news, Trump expressed support for Pruitt while boarding Air Force One on Thursday afternoon for a trip to West Virginia. Asked by reporters whether he still has confidence in Pruitt, Trump replied: "I do, I do." Later in the day, deputy press secretary Hogan Gidley offered no assurances as to how long that confidence would last. “We all serve at the pleasure of the president. You guys know that. And when he’s not pleased, you’ll know it," Gidley told reporters. He added that Trump "reads the papers, he watches TV, he knows the reports that are floating around out there. And they do raise questions and we expect that Administrator Pruitt answer those questions." Separately, one of Pruitt's top political appointees, Samantha Dravis, submitted her resignation early last week, a source familiar with her plans told POLITICO. Dravis was senior counsel and associate administrator of EPA's Office of Policy, a role that allowed her to accompany Pruitt on international travel, including a trip to Morocco in December where Pruitt touted American natural gas and time in Italy for G-7 environment meetings in June. People close to the situation said Dravis had been planning to leave for some time, and that her decision is not because of a series of recent negative headlines for Pruitt. Those include the news that he had rented a Capitol Hill condo for $50 a night from the wife of an energy lobbyist for several months last year, as well as raises that EPA had secured for two of Pruitt's political aides using a provision of a drinking water law. Dravis, who previously was policy director and general counsel of the Republican Attorneys General Association, will pursue opportunities in the private sector. Her growing responsibilities at EPA had included leading EPA’s regulatory reform efforts and the offices for environmental reviews and environmental justice. The agency confirmed her plans to depart. “After serving for over a year as EPA’s head of policy, Samantha Dravis has decided to pursue other opportunities," EPA spokeswoman Liz Bowman said in an email Thursday. "She has been integral in the Agency’s successful implementation of the President’s environmental agenda and the Agency wishes her success in her future endeavors.” Pruitt has tried to defend himself in a series of interviews with conservative media outlets this week, including an often contentious sitdown Wednesday with Fox News' Ed Henry, who expressed skepticism that the administrator wouldn't know details about the employees' raises, which the White House had reportedly tried to block. Meanwhile, an EPA ethics official late Wednesday undermined one of Pruitt's defenses about the condo rental by declining to vouch for the legitimacy of every aspect of the deal. The ethics official, Kevin Minoli, had said in a previous memo that the lease as written did not violate federal gift rules — a line of defense that Pruitt and his supporters have pointed to since then. But in a second memo late Wednesday, Minoli said he did not have access to all information about other aspects of the lease and couldn't say whether they complied with all federal rules. "Some have raised questions whether the actual use of the space was consistent with the terms of the lease," he wrote. "Evaluating those questions would have required factual information that was not before us and the Review does not address those questions." The second memo followed news reports that Pruitt's daughter and other family members may have stayed with Pruitt and had the run of the whole condo, not just the room he was renting. Minoli also said he had not considered Pruitt’s housing situation in the context of a federal impartiality rule, which the Office of Government Ethics says “requires an employee to consider appearance concerns before participating in a particular matter if someone close to the employee is involved as a party to that matter.” The lease originally had energy lobbyist J. Steven Hart's name printed on it as the landlord, but someone crossed it out and wrote in the name of his wife, health care lobbyist Vicki Hart. Public records show Vicki Hart's name on both the mortgage and deed. Minoli still maintained that the $50-per-night rate was within the bounds of rules regarding gifts based on the rental rates of other nearby units. The White House, meanwhile, has recently only offered tepid support for Pruitt and expressed concern about the ethics scandals. White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders — asked on Wednesday why Trump is "OK" with the leader of the EPA renting a condo from a lobbyist for $50 a night — responded that "the president’s not." "We’re reviewing the situation," she said, adding: “The president thinks that he’s done a good job, particularly on the deregulation front. But again, we take this seriously and we’re looking into it and we'll let you know when we finish." Some of Pruitt's conservative supporters were much more vocal in urging Trump to keep him on the job. "When it comes to economy-strangling regulations, Pruitt is, as President Donald Trump likes to say, 'a total killer,'" wrote Andy Surabian, a former White House aide. "He has no peer in Trump's Cabinet in terms of his ability to cut back red tape. From day one, he began dismantling Barack Obama's legacy with startling effectiveness and cunning. And for this, radical environmentalists and other left-wingers despise him." Daniel Lippman, Cristiano Lima and Kelsey Tamborrino contributed to this report. CORRECTION: A previous version of this story incorrectly reported the nature of the EPA inspector general's review of Scott Pruitt's condo lease. The IG's office says it is reviewing requests for an investigation. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
In his book, Darwin never referred to the origin of life. The primitive understanding of science in his time rested on the assumption that living beings had a very simple structure. Since medieval times, spontaneous generation, the theory asserting that non-living materials came together to form living organisms, had been widely accepted. It was commonly believed that insects came into being from food leftovers, and mice from wheat. Interesting experiments were conducted to prove this theory. Some wheat was placed on a dirty piece of cloth, and it was believed that mice would originate from it after a while.
Similarly, worms developing in meat was assumed to be evidence of spontaneous generation. However, only some time later was it understood that worms did not appear on meat spontaneously, but were carried there by flies in the form of larvae, invisible to the naked eye.
Even in the period when Darwin wrote The Origin of Species, the belief that bacteria could come into existence from non-living matter was widely accepted in the world of science.
However, five years after Darwin’s book was published, the discovery of Louis Pasteur disproved this belief, which constituted the groundwork of evolution. Pasteur summarized the conclusion he reached after time-consuming studies and experiments: "The claim that inanimate matter can originate life is buried in history for good."10
Advocates of the theory of evolution resisted the findings of Pasteur for a long time. However, as the development of science unraveled the complex structure of the cell of a living being, the idea that life could come into being coincidentally faced an even greater impasse. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Dying Fragments
The result was redirect to Dark Tranquillity. Consensus is definitely that this album does not warrant an article, however there are valid suggestions that this be merged/redirected and there are not objections to that possibility from those arguing for deletion. It's unclear to me whether there is actually anything to merge beyond what is already mentioned in the Dark Tranquillity article (hence just a redirect for now), however if anyone wants to undertake that they can do so and obviously find any needed info in the article history. --Bigtimepeace | talk | contribs 05:46, 18 March 2010 (UTC)
The Dying Fragments
* – ( View AfD View log • )
Spotted on patrol. Limited release of this album coupled with only a track listing on the sole reference tells me that there's no notability. It may be speedyable under A9, but I'm giving it a shot here. Dennis The Tiger (Rawr and stuff) 15:39, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
* Comment - It's not speedable under A9; to quote the CSD page: "An article about a musical recording that does not indicate why its subject is important or significant and where the artist's article does not exist." The artist has a page. DitzyNizzy (aka Jess) | (talk to me) | (What I've done) 16:01, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete. Such a limited release it'd be near impossible to establish any notability here. Rehevkor ✉ 17:04, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete Nothing here or on search engine to suggest notability. Aiken ♫ 17:53, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Albums and songs-related deletion discussions. — D OOMSDAYER 520 (Talk|Contribs) 18:31, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
* Merge and redirect into Dark Tranquillity. Bearian (talk) 00:42, 10 March 2010 (UTC)
* Keep or merge. Limited editions doesn't make something non-notable. AFAIK there's just one Mona Lisa. --Wicked247 (talk) 13:40, 10 March 2010 (UTC)
* Comparing this to the Mona Lisa is a pretty big logical fallacy. Rehevkor ✉ 13:43, 10 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete Extremely limited release with even less media coverage of substance; fails WP:NALBUM. The sole reference doesn't even mention the album in question—nothing verifiable from a reliable source to be merged. TheJazzDalek (talk) 11:33, 13 March 2010 (UTC)
* Merge into into Dark Tranquillity, if not keep. All the other albums produced by this band have their own article. -- Pink Bull 20:40, 17 March 2010 (UTC)
| WIKI |
KUUU
KUUU (92.5 FM, "92.5 The Beat") is a radio station licensed to South Jordan, Utah, serving the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. Owned by Broadway Media, the station primarily broadcasts a Rhythmic adult contemporary format during the daytime hours, but transitions to a rhythmic contemporary-based playlist during the evening and overnight hours. The station's studios are located in Downtown Salt Lake City and its transmitter site is located southwest of the city on Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains.
KUUU broadcasts in HD Radio, carrying simulcasts of sister stations KYMV and KNAH on its HD2 and HD3 subchannels. In turn, KUUU is simulcast on the HD3 subchannel of sister station KUDD.
History
The station was launched on September 1, 1979, and adopted its callsign KTLE on September 10. On May 19, 1982, it was modified to KTLE-FM. On May 9, 1997, it was slightly changed to KTKL.
The station previously carried a "nostalgia" format; on February 27, 1999, the station flipped to rhythmic contemporary as U92, and applied for the call letters KUUU to match the new branding. The launch of U92 returned the rhythmic contemporary format to the Salt Lake City market for the first time since KZHT's 1997 flip to hot adult contemporary. The station was originally licensed to Tooele, Utah, and relied on a translator on 92.3 to cover Provo, Utah. In February 2005, the station relocated from 92.1 FM to 92.5 FM, and changed its city of license to South Jordan, allowing it to better cover the Salt Lake Valley.
In contrast to the conservatism of the market (due to it being the base of the LDS Church), KUUU frequently ranked among Salt Lake City's highest-rated radio stations among listeners 18–34. This demographic is especially prominent in Utah due to it having the youngest median age among all U.S. states. KUUU also gained a reputation for helping to break singles from artists such as Flo Rida, Plies, and T-Pain. In 2008, program director Brian Michel credited not being owned by a larger conglomerate as giving KUUU flexibility in serving its audience, commenting that "people in San Antonio aren't telling us what to play. We have no outside consultants." In February 2008, it was reported that a reality show following the station's staff was being pitched.
On June 18, 2010, KUUU, along with KUDD and KYLZ, were sold to Simmons Media Group, who in turn sold the stations to Broadway Media in 2013. In 2016, KUUU initially applied to move to 92.3 FM and upgrade its signal coverage as part of a deal that Broadway made with Community Wireless, who moved KPCW-FM down from 91.9 to 91.7 and took ownership of KUDD that Broadway donated to them earlier, but then instead later applied to its wattage from 500 watts to 3,700 watts and decrease its HAAT from 1198 m to 1197 m, increasing its coverage area by approximately 15 miles in all directions.
The station promoted hip-hop concert events such as the "U92 Summer Jam". In February 2019, KUUU held the "20th Anniversary Throwback Jam" concert at Vivint Arena to celebrate the 20th anniversary of U92, headlined by Ice Cube.
92.5 The Beat
By June 2022, KUUU's ratings had fallen to a 0.8 share, tied for 24th place in the Salt Lake City market. Broadway Media hired Matt 'Mateo' Walling as Program Director. The station had also pivoted to predominantly airing classic hip-hop music between 6:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. daily, relegating current and recurrent music to the evening and overnight hours. On August 5, 2022, at 5 p.m., KUUU began stunting with a loop of "Jiggle Jiggle" by Duke & Jones and Louis Theroux, interspersed with bumpers promoting a "goodbye to U, but not 92" on August 8 at 3:00 p.m., and a 92-cent gasoline giveaway whose location would be revealed at that time, in addition to self-deprecating jokes about the station's low ratings. At the promised time, KUUU rebranded as 92.5 The Beat Utah's #1 For Throwbacks to emphasize the new positioning.
By January 2023, KUUU shifted to rhythmic adult contemporary (as shown with its playlist and its new positioner, "The Rhythm of Salt Lake" (which eventually became "The Beat of Salt Lake"). The station still continues to play current Rhythmic hits in the evening/nighttime. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hakan Serbes
The result was delete. JohnCD (talk) 17:44, 18 May 2012 (UTC) He is a retired Turkish porn star | WIKI |
@article { author = {Juneja, Abhinav and Juneja, Sapna and Soneja, Aparna and Jain, Sourav}, title = {Real Time Object Detection using CNN based Single Shot Detector Model}, journal = {Journal of Information Technology Management}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {62-80}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Faculty of Management, University of Tehran}, issn = {2980-7972}, eissn = {2980-7972}, doi = {10.22059/jitm.2021.80025}, abstract = {Object Detection has been one of the areas of interest of research community for over years and has made significant advances in its journey so far. There is a tremendous scope in the applications that would benefit with more innovations in the domain of object detection. Rapid growth in the field of machine learning has complemented the efforts in this area and in the recent times, research community has contributed a lot in real time object detection. In the current work, authors have implemented real time object detection and have made efforts to improve the accuracy of the detection mechanism. In the current research, we have used ssd_v2_inception_coco model as Single Shot Detection models deliver significantly better results. A dataset of more than 100 raw images is used for training and then xml files are generated using labellimg. Tensor flow records generated are passed through training pipelines using the proposed model. OpenCV captures real-time images and CNN performs convolution operations on images. The real time object detection delivers an accuracy of 92.7%, which is an improvement over some of the existing models already proposed earlier. Model detects hundreds of objects simultaneously. In the proposed model, accuracy of object detection significantly improvises over existing methodologies in practice. There is a substantial dataset to evaluate the accuracy of proposed model. The model may be readily useful for object detection applications including parking lots, human identification, and inventory management.}, keywords = {Object Detection,Deep learning,CNN,SSD,Tensor Flow,OpenCV}, url = {https://jitm.ut.ac.ir/article_80025.html}, eprint = {https://jitm.ut.ac.ir/article_80025_9ec794779a11f66b5747fe3f94ea0f77.pdf} } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:William Rowan Hamilton
Love life
It seems that Hamilton was very devoted to Helen, and was in love with her till the end of his life. The reports of him being a drinker and heartbroken over his first love are seemingly wrong.
https://archive.org/details/lifeofsirwilliam02gravuoft/page/334/mode/2up https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdwxpSInhvU https://kathylovesphysics.com/quaternions-are-amazing-and-so-was-william-rowan-hamilton-their-creator/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Stsz (talk • contribs) 17:07, 8 February 2023 (UTC)
Quote query
"He was subsequently educated by James Hamilton (curate of Trim), his uncle and an Anglican priest." - does this mean he was educated by his uncle, James Hamilton, who was an Anglican priest, or does it mean that he was educated by three people, James Hamilton, an unnamed uncle, and an unnamed Anglican priest??? <IP_ADDRESS> 15:30, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
needs work
This entry needs a lot of work. For example:
''In 1827, Hamilton presented a theory that provided a single function that brings together mechanics, optics and mathematics. It helped in establishing the wave theory of light. He proposed for it when he first predicted its existence in the third supplement to his "Systems of Rays," read in 1832.''
What does proposed for it mean? Predicted the existence of WHAT??
For some reason there is a brief discussion of the incredibly important `Hamiltonian' approach to classical mechanics at the end of the section on quaternions. The Hamiltonian approach is vastly more important than the quaternions - and I say this as a huge fan of the quaternions. It should be treated together with his other work on dynamics.
First use of cis notation
Hamilton used and apparently coined the cis notation in his "Elements of Quaternions" first published in 1866. To narrow the invention of this notation down in time, are there earlier works or notes where he (or someone else) had used this notation already? --Matthiaspaul (talk) 09:52, 23 July 2023 (UTC)
Nationality and Citizen ship
How can you justify having Irish nationality when it did not exist at the time of his existance. This is absurd. He was a Citizen of the UK (United Kingdom of Great Britian and Ireland) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:54, 11 October 2023 (UTC)
* Based on his writings, it is fairly clear that Hamilton considered himself Irish, and the geographic region and nation of Ireland existed within the UK at the time. It might be useful to read WP:UKNATIONALS if you are unfamiliar with how this is to be handled on Wikipedia. David Malone (talk) 19:28, 11 October 2023 (UTC)
* No. Wrong. On your interpritation. He declined to have an Irish passport, keeping his British one. Ipso facto he was British and wikipedia should state facts not your interpritation or opinion. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:49, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* I can't say I've ever heard that, and I thought there were no Irish passports until the 1920s. Do you have a reference to support that? It seems that Hamilton did write (in a letter to Oscar Wilde's mother), "It was English history, not Irish which I was taught; and my heart still throbs with sympathy for that great British Empire to which, from childhood, I have been accustomed to consider myself as belonging as to my country - though Ireland, as Ireland, has always been the object of my love - and, I think you will admit, of my exertions." - You can find this in "Life of Sir William Rowan Hamilton ...". He also wrote poetry about how he identified with Ireland. See Victorian Marriage: Sir William Rowan Hamilton, as one source for this. David Malone (talk) | WIKI |
Monthly Archives
February 2019
WD My Passport Pro SSD – SMBv2 / Win 10
To enable SMBv2 compatibility on the Western Digital My Passport Pro SSD, so that it supports Windows 10, go through the following steps.
1) Enable SSH access via the admin console
2) Use PuTTy/etc to log into the console
3) nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
4) add the line
[global] workgroup = WORKGROUP
server string = MyPassport Wireless Pro
netbios name = MyPassport
protocol = SMB2
5) run /etc/init.d/S75smb restart
6) try and browse to the \\ IP of the disk drive
7) If you can’t login (username admin) reset the password by typing
8) /etc/samba/smbpasswd -a admin
Enter the new password
9) Finally restart Samba again (per 5)
10) Profit? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Mapagala fortress
Mapagala fortress was an ancient fortified complex of the Anuradhapura Kingdom long before Kasyapa I built his city, Sigiriya. It is located to the South of Sigiriya and closer to Sigiriya tank.
It was built by using unshaped boulders to about 20 ft high. Each stone is broad and thick and some of them are about 10 ft high and about 4 ft long. It is believed that it was built before the time of usage of metal tools. Arthur Maurice Hocart noted that cyclopean style stone walls were used for the fortress, and square hammered stones were used for the ramparts of the citadel. However, his note suggests metal (iron) tools were used for construction. Excavations work in this areas found a few stone forges, which proved Hocart's claim on the usage of metal tools. | WIKI |
IntelliJ IDEA 2024.1 Help
Compiling TypeScript into JavaScript
Because browsers and Node.js process only JavaScript, you have to compile your TypeScript code before running or debugging it.
Compilation can also produce source maps that set correspondence between your TypeScript code and the JavaScript code that is actually executed.
IntelliJ IDEA comes with a built-in TypeScript compiler. By default, it outputs generated JavaScript files and sourcemaps next to the TypeScript file.
Compilation is invoked with the Compile actions from the TypeScript widget on the Status toolbar as described in Compile TypeScript code below.
Compilation errors are reported in the TypeScript Tool Window. This list is not affected by changes you make to your code and is updated only when you invoke compilation again.
TypeScript: monitor compilation errors
The tool window shows up only after you first compile your TypeScript code manually. After that the tool window is accessible via View | Tool Windows | TypeScript in the main menu or via the tool window bar.
Before you start
1. Press Ctrl+Alt+S to open settings and then select Languages & Frameworks | TypeScript.
2. Make sure the TypeScript Language Service checkbox is selected.
Create and configure tsconfig.json files
By default, the built-in compiler does not create source maps that will let you step through your TypeScript code during a debugging session. The compiler also by default processes either the TypeScript file in the active editor tab or all TypeScript files from the current project.
With a tsconfig.json file, you can modify this default behavior to generate source maps and compile only files from a custom scope.
Create a tsconfig.json file
1. In the Project tool window, select the folder where your TypeScript code is (most often it is the project root folder) and then select New | tsconfig.json File from the context menu.
2. To generate source maps during compilation, make sure the sourceMap property is set to true.
3. Optionally:
To override the default compilation scope, which is the entire project, add the files property and type the names of the files to process in the following format:
"files" : ["<file1.ts>","<file2.ts>"],
Configure the scope for tsconfig.json
You may need to apply different TypeScript configurations to different files in your project.
It is not a problem if you arrange your sources so that all the files in each folder should be processed according to the same configuration. In such case you only have to create a separate tsconfig.json for each folder.
However if you want to apply different rules to the files that are stored in the same folder, you need to create several configuration files and configure scopes for them.
1. Create as many tsconfig*.json configuration files as you need.
2. Open the Settings dialog (Ctrl+Alt+S) , go to Editor | File Types, and make sure the names of all these files match the patterns from the Typescript config file name pattern list.
If necessary, add patterns as described in Add file type associations.
File Types: tsconfig.json patterns
3. In each *tsconfig*.json, specify the files to be processed according to its settings:
• List the file names explicitly in the files field:
"files" : ["<file1.ts>","<file2.ts>"],
Learn more from TSConfig Reference: Files.
• In the include field, specify the file names or patterns:
"include" : ["<pattern1>, <pattern2>"]
Learn more from TSConfig Reference: Include.
• To skip some files whose names match the patterns listed in the include field, list their names or patterns in the exclude field:
"exclude" : ["<pattern3>, <pattern4>"]
Learn more from TSConfig Reference: Exclude.
Compile TypeScript code
You can invoke compilation manually or have IntelliJ IDEA compile your code automatically every time the code is changed.
Alternatively, you can configure a build process, for example, with webpack, babel, or another tool. Learn more from webpack with TypeScript and Babel with TypeScript.
Manual compilation
1. Click the Language Services widget on the Status bar.
2. Click the Compile icon.
Compile TypeScript code
In the Compile TypeScript popup, select one of the following options:
• To compile the TypeScript code of the entire application, select Compile All.
Alternatively, select Compile TypeScript from the context menu of any open TypeScript file.
Compile TypeScript from context menu of a file
• To compile one file, select the path to it in the Compile TypeScript popup.
TypeScript widget: compile current file
• To compile files from a custom scope, make sure they are listed in the files property of your tsconfig.json as described above.
In the Compile TypeScript popup, select the path to tsconfig.json.
TypeScript widget: compile custom scope from tsconfig.json
Automatic compilation on changes
• Open the Languages & Frameworks | TypeScript page of settings Ctrl+Alt+S and select the Recompile on changes checkbox.
Last modified: 25 June 2024 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Featured article review/archive
Pages are moved to sub-archives based on their closure date, not nomination date.
The process began in 2004, and was more formalised in June 2006.
Archives
* 2024
* /July 2024
* /June 2024 (1 kept, 6 delisted)
* /May 2024 (2 kept, 2 delisted)
* /April 2024 (2 kept, 2 delisted)
* /March 2024 (1 kept, 0 delisted)
* /February 2024 (2 kept, 3 delisted)
* /January 2024 (0 kept, 5 delisted)
* 2023
* /December 2023 (0 kept, 8 delisted)
* /November 2023 (1 kept, 3 delisted)
* /October 2023 (2 kept, 5 delisted)
* /September 2023 (0 kept, 4 delisted)
* /August 2023 (0 kept, 3 delisted)
* /July 2023 (1 kept, 13 delisted)
* /June 2023 (2 kept, 9 delisted)
* /May 2023 (3 kept, 6 delisted)
* /April 2023 (0 kept, 10 delisted)
* /March 2023 (4 kept, 11 delisted)
* /February 2023 (2 kept, 6 delisted)
* /January 2023 (2 kept, 9 delisted)
* 2022
* /December 2022 (4 kept, 12 delisted)
* /November 2022 (1 kept, 11 delisted)
* /October 2022 (3 kept, 10 delisted)
* /September 2022 (1 kept, 12 delisted)
* /August 2022 (2 kept, 14 delisted)
* /July 2022 (3 kept, 18 delisted)
* /June 2022 (6 kept, 8 delisted)
* /May 2022 (2 kept, 11 delisted)
* /April 2022 (2 kept, 16 delisted)
* /March 2022 (4 kept, 21 delisted)
* /February 2022 (3 kept, 13 delisted)
* /January 2022 (3 kept, 16 delisted)
* 2021
* /December 2021 (3 kept, 19 delisted)
* /November 2021 (3 kept, 13 delisted)
* /October 2021 (3 kept, 19 delisted)
* /September 2021 (1 kept, 11 removed)
* /August 2021 (1 kept, 10 removed)
* /July 2021 (3 kept, 12 removed)
* /June 2021 (1 kept, 13 removed)
* /May 2021 (1 kept, 17 removed)
* /April 2021 (2 kept, 17 removed)
* /March 2021 (4 kept, 17 removed)
* /February 2021 (2 kept, 14 removed)
* /January 2021 (3 kept, 16 removed)
* 2020
* /December 2020 (1 kept, 15 removed)
* /November 2020 (2 kept, 8 removed)
* /October 2020 (2 kept, 6 removed)
* /September 2020 (4 kept, 4 removed)
* /August 2020 (2 kept, 4 removed)
* /July 2020 (1 kept, 5 removed)
* /June 2020 (0 kept, 5 removed)
* /May 2020 (1 kept, 3 removed)
* /April 2020 (2 kept, 7 removed)
* /March 2020 (2 kept, 2 removed)
* /February 2020 (1 kept, 2 removed)
* /January 2020 (0 kept, 3 removed)
* 2019
* /December 2019 (1 kept, 2 removed)
* /November 2019 (0 kept, 2 removed)
* /October 2019 (0 kept, 1 removed)
* /September 2019 (1 kept, 2 removed)
* /August 2019
* /July 2019 (0 kept, 1 removed)
* /June 2019 (0 kept, 3 removed)
* /May 2019 (2 kept, 0 removed)
* /April 2019
* /March 2019 (0 kept, 2 removed)
* /February 2019
* /January 2019
* 2018
* /December 2018 (2 kept, 4 removed)
* /November 2018 (0 kept, 1 removed)
* /October 2018 (1 kept, 2 removed)
* /September 2018 (1 kept, 5 removed)
* /August 2018 (3 kept, 4 removed)
* /July 2018 (1 kept, 1 removed)
* /June 2018 (0 kept, 2 removed)
* /May 2018 (0 kept, 0 removed)
* /April 2018 (0 kept, 1 removed)
* /March 2018 (0 kept, 0 removed)
* /February 2018 (0 kept, 5 removed)
* /January 2018 (1 kept, 4 removed)
* 2017
* /December 2017 (0 kept, 0 removed)
* /November 2017 (1 kept, 2 removed)
* /October 2017 (0 kept, 1 removed)
* /September 2017 (0 kept, 2 removed)
* /August 2017 (0 kept, 0 removed)
* /July 2017 (1 kept, 0 removed)
* /June 2017 (0 kept, 0 removed)
* /May 2017 (2 kept, 0 removed)
* /April 2017 (1 kept, 2 removed)
* /March 2017 (0 kept, 0 removed)
* /February 2017 (0 kept, 4 removed)
* /January 2017 (0 kept, 1 removed)
* 2016
* /December 2016 (0 kept, 0 removed)
* /November 2016 (1 kept, 2 removed)
* /October 2016 (2 kept, 0 removed)
* /September 2016 (0 kept, 1 removed)
* /August 2016 (1 kept, 2 removed)
* /July 2016 (1 kept, 1 removed)
* /June 2016 (2 kept, 0 removed)
* /May 2016 (0 kept, 1 removed)
* /April 2016 (0 kept, 3 removed)
* /March 2016 (0 kept, 1 removed)
* /February 2016 (3 kept, 1 removed)
* /January 2016 (2 kept, 0 removed)
* 2015
* /December 2015 (2 kept, 8 removed)
* /November 2015 (1 kept, 0 removed)
* /October 2015 (2 kept, 2 removed)
* /September 2015 (0 kept, 0 removed)
* /August 2015 (4 kept, 4 removed)
* /July 2015 (0 kept, 2 removed)
* /June 2015 (2 kept, 4 removed)
* /May 2015 (2 kept, 8 removed)
* /April 2015 (2 kept, 12 removed)
* /March 2015 (4 kept, 5 removed)
* /February 2015 (5 kept, 2 removed)
* /January 2015 (2 kept, 4 removed)
* 2014
* /December 2014 (0 kept, 3 removed)
* /November 2014 (2 kept, 1 removed)
* /October 2014 (0 kept, 2 removed)
* /September 2014 (0 kept, 0 removed)
* /August 2014 (1 kept, 4 removed)
* /July 2014 (0 kept, 2 removed)
* /June 2014 (0 kept, 1 removed)
* /May 2014 (0 kept, 1 removed)
* /April 2014 (3 kept, 1 removed)
* /March 2014 (0 kept, 3 removed)
* /February 2014 (0 kept, 5 removed)
* /January 2014 (0 kept, 1 removed)
* 2013
* /December 2013 (1 kept, 4 removed)
* /November 2013 (1 kept, 3 removed)
* /October 2013 (1 kept, 0 removed)
* /September 2013 (2 kept, 2 removed)
* /August 2013 (2 kept, 3 removed)
* /July 2013 (0 kept, 0 removed)
* /June 2013 (3 kept, 2 removed)
* /May 2013 (0 kept, 2 removed)
* /April 2013 (1 kept, 1 removed)
* /March 2013 (1 kept, 6 removed)
* /February 2013 (0 kept, 3 removed)
* /January 2013 (0 kept, 3 removed)
* 2012
* /December 2012 (0 kept, 2 removed)
* /November 2012 (3 kept, 1 removed)
* /October 2012 (2 kept, 4 removed)
* /September 2012 (0 kept, 4 removed)
* /August 2012 (2 kept, 4 removed)
* /July 2012 (1 kept, 2 removed)
* /June 2012 (3 kept, 1 removed)
* /May 2012 (0 kept, 8 removed)
* /April 2012 (1 kept, 4 removed)
* /March 2012 (1 kept, 1 removed)
* /February 2012 (2 kept, 3 removed)
* /January 2012 (0 kept, 5 removed)
* 2011
* /December 2011 (1 kept, 5 removed)
* /November 2011 (3 kept, 5 removed)
* /October 2011 (1 kept, 3 removed)
* /September 2011 (2 kept, 7 removed)
* /August 2011 (2 kept, 4 removed)
* /July 2011 (3 kept, 5 removed)
* /June 2011 (1 kept, 4 removed)
* /May 2011 (2 kept, 2 removed)
* /April 2011 (3 kept, 2 removed)
* /March 2011 (0 kept, 3 removed)
* /February 2011 (2 kept, 3 removed)
* /January 2011 (2 kept, 4 removed)
* 2010
* /December 2010 (2 kept, 3 removed)
* /November 2010 (6 kept, 5 removed)
* /October 2010 (5 kept, 7 removed)
* /September 2010 (1 kept, 10 removed)
* /August 2010 (3 kept, 9 removed)
* /July 2010 (0 kept, 11 removed)
* /June 2010 (7 kept, 7 removed)
* /May 2010 (3 kept, 14 removed)
* /April 2010 (6 kept, 12 removed)
* /March 2010 (7 kept, 20 removed)
* /February 2010 (1 kept, 5 removed)
* /January 2010 (6 kept, 12 removed)
* 2009
* /December 2009 (2 kept, 5 removed)
* /November 2009 (3 kept, 8 removed)
* /October 2009 (9 kept, 9 removed)
* /September 2009 (6 kept, 15 removed)
* /August 2009 (10 kept, 26 removed)
* /July 2009 (1 kept, 15 removed)
* /June 2009 (2 kept, 18 removed)
* /May 2009 (6 kept, 14 removed)
* /April 2009 (6 kept, 21 removed)
* /March 2009 (6 kept, 13 removed)
* /February 2009 (6 kept, 6 removed)
* /January 2009 (5 kept, 7 removed)
* 2008
* /December 2008 (7 kept, 8 removed)
* /November 2008 (4 kept, 8 removed)
* /October 2008 (12 kept, 14 removed)
* /September 2008 (17 kept, 18 removed)
* /August 2008 (9 kept, 12 removed)
* /July 2008 (10 kept, 8 removed)
* /June 2008 (12 kept, 14 removed)
* /May 2008 (4 kept, 16 removed)
* /April 2008 (12 kept, 10 removed)
* /March 2008 (8 kept, 16 removed)
* /February 2008 (11 kept, 10 removed)
* /January 2008 (14 kept, 9 removed)
* 2007
* /December 2007 (8 kept, 13 removed)
* /November 2007 (7 kept, 12 removed)
* /October 2007 (7 kept, 13 removed)
* /September 2007 (9 kept, 15 removed)
* /August 2007 (10 kept, 14 removed)
* /July 2007 (11 kept, 17 removed)
* /June 2007 (6 kept, 9 removed)
* /May 2007 (11 kept, 23 removed)
* /April 2007 (10 kept, 17 removed)
* /March 2007 (12 kept, 17 removed)
* /February 2007 (11 kept, 18 removed)
* /January 2007 (13 kept, 24 removed)
* 2006
* /December 2006 (6 kept, 17 removed)
* /November 2006 (5 kept, 30 removed)
* /October 2006 (9 kept, 21 removed)
* /September 2006 (10 kept, 24 removed)
* /August 2006 (11 kept, 21 removed)
* /July 2006 (7 kept, 16 removed)
* /June 2006 (5 kept, 4 removed, combined old and new process)
* /to June 8 2006 (previous FAR process)
* /May 2006 until merger with FAR (includes some of June)
* /April 2006 (5 kept, 10 removed)
* /March 2006 (16 kept, 19 removed)
* /February 2006 (6 kept, 9 removed)
* /January 2006 (6 kept, 13 removed)
* 2005
* /December 2005 (3 kept, 8 removed)
* /October and November 2005 (2 kept, 9 removed)
* /July to September 2005 (9 kept, 13 removed)
* /April to June 2005 (16 kept, 11 removed)
* /January to March 2005 (8 kept, 20 removed)
* 2004
* /November and December 2004 (8 kept, 18 removed)
* /August to October 2004 (13 kept, 13 removed)
* /March to July 2004 (5 kept, 25 removed) | WIKI |
Bad Habits
A bad habit is a negative behaviour pattern.
Bad Habits may also refer to:
Film and television
* Bad Habits (2007 film), a Mexican film
* Bad Habits (2009 film), an Australian horror film
* "Bad Habits" (The Bill), a television episode
* "Bad Habits" (Pushing Daisies), a television episode
Albums
* Bad Habits (Billy Field album) or the title song, 1981
* Bad Habits (Colin James album) or the title song, 1995
* Bad Habits (Every Avenue album), 2011
* Bad Habits (The Monks album) or the title song, 1979
* Bad Habits (Nav album), 2019
Songs
* "Bad Habits" (Billy Field song), 1981
* "Bad Habits" (Ed Sheeran song), 2021
* "Bad Habits" (Jenny Burton song), 1985
* "Bad Habits" (Maxwell song), 2009
* "Bad Habits" (The Last Shadow Puppets song), 2016
* "Bad Habits" (Usher song), 2020
* "Bad Habits", by Between the Buried and Me from Colors II, 2021
* "Bad Habits", by Brass Knuckles, 2012
* "Bad Habits", by Cravity from Season 3. Hideout: Be Our Voice, 2020
* "Bad Habits", by Danny Jones, 2019
* "Bad Habits", by Delaney Jane, 2018
* "Bad Habits", by Dune Rats from Hurry Up and Wait, 2020
* "Bad Habits", by General Fiasco from Unfaithfully Yours, 2012
* "Bad Habits", by Kottonmouth Kings from Fire It Up, 2004
* "Bad Habits", by Noga Erez, 2018
* "Bad Habits", by Shaun, 2019
* "Bad Habits", by Silverstein from A Beautiful Place to Drown, 2020
* "Bad Habits", by Thin Lizzy from Thunder and Lightning, 1983
Other media
* Bad Habits (play), a 1974 play by Terrence McNally
* Bad Habits, a 2008 BBC Radio 4 show featuring Richard Herring
* Bad Habits, a 2006 collection of the comic strip The Duplex by Glenn McCoy
* "Bad Habits", a short story by Joyce Carol Oates in her 2007 collection The Museum of Dr. Moses | WIKI |
Difference Between Computer Science And Information Expertise
Amber
IT is carefully concerned with machines, corresponding to computer systems, but additionally with related points, like the way computer chips are produced. You will probably be an excellent fit for the sphere if you are good at evaluation, communication, and critical What’S Cryptocurrency considering. If you have all the time been interested in and involved in the “whys” and “hows” of computer know-how, then it’s price your time to discover the value of acquiring a level in computer science.
These degrees embody programs in computer programming, software program growth, and arithmetic. Management information systems applications normally embrace business lessons as properly as computer-related ones. Computer-related jobs are projected to extend a lot quicker than the common of different occupations according to the us To be part of this thrilling field, you will want to have a stable background in computer systems. You will need work experience, similar to an internship, and a bachelor’s degree to be ready for many of these positions.
computer and technology
First of all, people who find themselves interested in a degree in the computing area are generally pretty comfortable with technology, and can handle the distinctive challenges of an online diploma. Computer networking professionals often work in fast-paced surroundings that may be challenging because of an organization’s dependence on computer systems and expertise. However, many IT jobs provide aggressive compensation primarily based on the education, expertise, and traits wanted to succeed in the sector. IT professionals may find great private satisfaction in creating options to difficult problems. The first possibility is to enroll in a course at a local college or library. For novices, many public libraries teach primary computer skills, so ask your neighborhood branch when the next lesson is. If you’re more advanced, think about enrolling in a expertise certification course at a area people school.
Embry-Riddle Worldwide delivers a excessive quality educational experience by expert faculty educators with hands-on industry experience in our three tutorial schools and Online Campus. Flexible scheduling and locations near residence are specifically suited to busy working professionals, active-duty military and veterans, and college students with families. Whether you are beginning your higher schooling or a seasoned skilled, we’ve a level program that will help you obtain your goals.
Along with classroom instruction from highly qualified and skilled professors, you will earn a well-rounded liberal arts education that can assist you to suppose for your self and overlay your career selections with an moral perspective. Those who succeed in the subject of Computer and Information Sciences are these with a ardour for technology and a desire to learn concerning the function it performs both in enterprise and everyday life. A background in computer applications and software program along with mathematics are an excellent base for pursuing a level in Computer and Information Sciences. Students must also be critical thinkers, creative, and have the ability to work in a staff and multitask. Computer programs, software program and networks are used day by day to run enterprise operations.
• In the next stage, these first-order themes have been fused or clustered to a second-order sequence of themes (”higher order” themes or codes) primarily based on the commonality of their which means.
• A lack of English language expertise is not going to be a barrier to admission and participation in the profession and technical education programs of the District.
• New expertise also has the potential to provide timely interventions to assist older adults in maintaining healthy and impartial for longer (Geraedts et al., 2014).
• Since 2004, he has acquired more than forty companies and is within the process of building Oracle into a transformed enterprise software program business.
• Modern students are regularly uncovered to know-how outside of the classroom.
My diploma was business/IT targeted and I now work in a really technically demanding job role. Success/failure in a tutorial setting often does not translate properly to success/failure on the job. Some different faculty data, including Lioness Gadget much of the graduate earnings information, comes from the us GMU is a really massive public college located in the suburb of Fairfax. This college ranks 271st out of 1,715 schools for overall high quality within the state of Virginia.
computer and technology
Illinois Tech is a small, personal establishment mainly identified for its impressive range of engineering and tech packages, together with a high Information Technology and Management Program . Students in this Gadget Guys program must take courses on research methods, databases and knowledge modeling, and design strategies, in addition to finishing a capstone project.
Next Post
Computer Science Levels
This world is about bridging the gap between tech and enterprise, beneath the umbrella of SPARKING digital innovation in any perform, any firm, and any sector. Computers are acknowledged as enticing studying instruments that provide to the students to turn Eos Cryptocurrency into autonomous learners. Seniors who are unable to […] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hobbico
Hobbico, Inc. was a manufacturer and distributor of hobby products including radio control airplanes, boats, cars, helicopters and multirotors/drones. Other products include plastic model kits, model rockets, model trains, slot cars, crafts, jigsaw puzzles and games. The company had approximately 850 employees worldwide. On January 10, 2018, Hobbico filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and announced the company is for sale. On April 13, Horizon Hobby acquired control of most Hobbico RC brands & IP (excepting Great Planes Manufacturing). Estes Industries acquired the Estes-Cox business unit and a German venture capital group acquired Revell Germany whole and the Revell-Monogram brands, IP & molds.
Its headquarters is located in Champaign, Illinois.
The company distributed over 150 brands of hobby products including about 30 proprietary product brands. Proprietary brands include: Axial, ARRMA, Dromida, Team Durango, dBoots, Revell, Monogram, Top Flite, Great Planes, AquaCraft Models, FlightPower, Heli-Max, SuperTigre, O'Donnell Fuel, Duratrax, RealFlight, MonoKote, Carl Goldberg Products, ElectriFly, Coverite, Dynaflite, Flyzone, MuchMore Racing, LiFeSource, Tactic, VS Tank, Estes Industries, Proto-X, TrakPower and others. It was the exclusive distributor for Futaba radio control products in North and South America, for O.S. Engines in North America and HPI Racing, Italeri, Novak Electronics and Nine Eagles in North and South America.
Company history
* In 1971 Tower Hobbies was founded by Bruce Holecek.
* In 1972 Great Planes Model Distributors was founded by Don Anderson.
* Hobbico was started in 1985 when Tower Hobbies was combined with Great Planes Model Distributors to form Hobbico, Inc.
* In November 2005 the company became a 100% employee-owned ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plan).
* In May 2007 Hobbico acquired Revell-Monogram, famous maker of Revell plastic model kits.
* In January 2010 Hobbico acquired model rocket maker Estes Industries.
* In September 2010 Hobbico was appointed exclusive distributor for Thunder Tiger in North and South America.
* In January 2012 Hobbico acquired the brands Axial, Durango, Arrma and dBoots tires.
* As of January 2015 Hobbico no longer distributes Thunder Tiger products.
* In 2012, Hobbico acquired Revell Germany located in Bunde, Germany, and launched Hobbico Europe.
* On January 10, 2018, it was announced that Hobbico had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.
* On 30 June 2018, it was announced that Hobbico had filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and went into liquidation. | WIKI |
Article Publish Status: FREE
Abstract Title:
How Strong Is the Evidence for Sodium Bicarbonate to Prevent Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury After Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention?
Abstract Source:
Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Feb ;95(7):e2715. PMID: 26886610
Abstract Author(s):
Yuhao Dong, Bin Zhang, Long Liang, Zhouyang Lian, Jing Liu, Changhong Liang, Shuixing Zhang
Article Affiliation:
Yuhao Dong
Abstract:
Hydration with sodium bicarbonate is one of the strategies to prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). The purpose of this study was to determine how strong is the evidence for sodium bicarbonate to prevent CI-AKI after coronary angiography (CAG) and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).We conducted PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate with sodium chloride to prevent CI-AKI after CAG and/or PCI. Relative risk (RR), standardized mean difference (SMD), or weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and study quality were evaluated, sensitivity analyses, cumulative analyses, and subgroup analyses were performed. The risk of random errors was assessed by trial sequential analysis (TSA).Sixteen RCTs (3537 patients) met the eligibility criteria. Hydration with sodium bicarbonate showed significant beneficial effects in preventing CI-AKI (RR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47-0.96, P = 0.029), decreasing the change in serum creatinine (SCr) (SMD -0.31 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.07, P = 0.011) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (SMD -0.17 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.04, P = 0.013). But no significant differences were observed in the requirement for dialysis (RR 1.11; 95% CI: 0.60-2.07, P = 0.729), mortality (RR 0.71; 95% CI: 0.41-1.21, P = 0.204) and reducing the length of hospital stay (LHS) (WMD -1.47; 95% CI: -4.14 to 1.20, P = 0.279). The result of TSA on incidence of CI-AKI showed the required information size (RIS = 6614) was not reached andcumulative z curve did not cross TSA boundary. The result of TSA on the requirement for dialysis and mortality demonstrated the required information sizes (RIS = 170,510 and 19,516, respectively) were not reached, and the cumulative z-curve did not cross any boundaries.The evidence that sodiumbicarbonate reduces the incidence of CI-AKI is encouraging but more well-designed randomized controlled trails are required to allow definitive firm conclusion to be drawn.
Study Type : Human Study
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Key Research Topics
Sayer Ji
Founder of GreenMedInfo.com
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© Copyright 2008-2022 GreenMedInfo.com, Journal Articles copyright of original owners, MeSH copyright NLM. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Sunday, 19 April 2020
Platform Events in Salesforce
Platform Event is based on Event-Driven Architecture which enable apps to communicate inside and outside of Salesforce. Platform events are based on the publish/subscribe model and work directly with a message bus which handles the queue of incoming events and processes listening for them. This is built in real time integration patterns in the Salesforce Platform which helps to reduce point-to-point integration
Here is some terminology we should remember :-
• Event : A change in state that is meaningful in a business process.
• Event message / Notification : A message that contains data about the event.
• Event producer : The publisher of an event message over a channel.
• Channel : A conduit in which an event producer transmits a message. Event consumers subscribe to the channel to receive messages. Also referred to as event bus in Salesforce.
• Event consumer : A subscriber to a channel that receives messages from the channel.
Understanding of Platform Event
• SObject like Salesforce Entity
• Suffixed with __e
• ReplayId fir replaying specific event
• Only Checkbox, Date, Date/Time , Number , Text and Text Area field available.
• Pub / Sub based communication
• No Polling required.
• Heterogeneous playloads
• Define events with different playloads
Difference between SObject and Platform Events
SObjects__c
Platform_Events__e
DMLs (Insert, Update, Delete)
Publish (Insert only)
SOQL
Streaming API
Triggers
Subscribers
Parallel context execution
Guaranteed order of execution
Considerations :-
1. Platform event is appended with__e suffix for API name of the event.
2. You can not query Platform events through SOQL or SOSL.
3. You can not use Platform in reports, list views, and search. Platform events don’t have an associated tab
4. Published platform events can’t be rolled back.
5. All platform event fields are read-only by default
6. Only after insert Triggers Are Supported
7. You can access platform events both through API and declaratively
8. You can control platform events though Profiles and permissions
Publishing / Subscribing Platform Events
Publish Platform Events :
We can publish the platform events in 3 ways:
1. Publish Events Messaging using APEX.
List<Order_Shipping__e> orderShippingList = new List<Order_Shipping__e>();
Order_Shipping__e orderShipping = new Order_Shipping__e( Order_Number__c='12345', status__c=1 );
orderShippingList.add(orderShipping);
List<Database.SaveResult> results = EventBus.publish(newsEventList);
for (Database.SaveResult sr : results) {
if (sr.isSuccess()) {
System.debug('Successfully published event.');
} else {
for(Database.Error err : sr.getErrors()) {
System.debug('Error returned: ' + err.getStatusCode() );
}
}
}
2. Publish Events Messaging using Declarative tools
1. Process Builder
2. Cloud Flow Designer Tool / Visual Work flow
3. Publish Events Messaging using Salesforce API from external app.
Subscribing Platform Events :
We can subscribe the platform events with following ways :
1. Apex Trigger : Write an “after insert” Apex trigger on the event object to subscribe to incoming events.Triggers receive event notifications from various sources—whether they’re published through Apex or APIs.
Trigger OrderShippingTrigger on Order_Shipping__e (after Insert) {
}
2. Subscrbe to platform event notification in Lightning components
1. Lightning web components : Use the empApi methods in your Lightning web component, import the methods from the lightning/empApi module as follows
import { subscribe, unsubscribe, onError, setDebugFlag, isEmpEnabled }
from 'lightning/empApi';
2. Subscibe in an Aura Component : Use the empApi methods in your Aura component, add the lightning:empApi component inside your custom component and assign an aura:id attribute to it
<lightning:empApi aura:id="empApi"/>
3. In an external app, you subscribe to events using CometD as well.
4. Flow and process builder. Check this post.
Please check below two Apex Hours sessions to learn more about platform event.
1. Platform Event basics
2. Overcome Salesforce Governor Limits Using Platform Events
Further Learning
Thanks
Amit Chaudhary
3 comments:
1. I am publishing a Platform Event for Parent and Child and its grandchild . While Cloning the Parent , its child and grandchild is also cloned , but the subscriber is not receiving it in the order of Replay Id and moreover one of its grandchild replayId is less than that of its Parent. Why does it behaves inconsistently?
ReplyDelete
2. Can you give a real time detailed example of Streaming API's(publish/subscribe model).
ReplyDelete
3. ETG is a Salesforce Commerce Cloud Implementation Partner. For 20 years, ETG Global Services, Inc. has successfully implemented eCommerce solutions for growth and enterprise clients.
ReplyDelete | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The mutual polarization of reactants: Fukui function description of the charge reorganization
Jacek Korchowiec, Asit K. Chandra, Tadafumi Uchimaru, Shun Ichi Kawahara, Kazunari Matsumura, Seiji Tsuzuki, Masuhiro Mikami
研究成果: Article査読
5 被引用数 (Scopus)
抄録
The diagonal and off-diagonal Fukui functions (FFs) constitute the charge transfer FF that describes reorganization in the electron density due to charge transfer. In this Letter, we consider the mutual polarization of the reactants. We prove that the off-diagonal FF is related to charge reorganization due to the polarization process. The change in the electron density of a given reactant caused by a perturbation in the external potential (due to nuclei) is proportional to the off-diagonal FF. The self-consistent charge and configuration method for a subsystem is used to illustrate this concept numerically.
本文言語English
ページ（範囲）229-234
ページ数6
ジャーナルChemical Physics Letters
308
3-4
DOI
出版ステータスPublished - 1999 7月 23
外部発表はい
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• 物理学および天文学（全般）
• 物理化学および理論化学
フィンガープリント
「The mutual polarization of reactants: Fukui function description of the charge reorganization」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
引用スタイル | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Once a Week Volume 7.djvu/586
578 “She’ll see the shoes and the silk dress, and she’ll say you should have stopped at Verner’s Pride, as a well-trained young lady ought,” returned Lionel.
He took her safely to the back door, opened it, and sent her in.
“Thank you very much,” said she, holding out her hand to him. “I have given you a disagreeable walk, and now I must give you one back again.”
“Change your shoes at once, and don’t talk foolish things,” was Lionel’s answer.
A wet walk back he certainly had: but, wet or dry, it was all the same in his present distressed frame of mind. Arrived at Verner’s Pride, he found his wife dressed for dinner, and the centre of a host of guests, gay as she was. No opportunity, then, to question her about Frederick Massingbird’s death, and how far Captain Cannonby was cognisant of the particulars.
He had to change his own things. It was barely done by dinner-time, and he sat down to table, the host of many guests. His brow was smooth, his speech was courtly: how could any of them suspect that a terrible dread was gnawing at his heart? Sibylla, in a rustling silk dress and a coronet of diamonds, sat opposite to him in all her dazzling beauty. Had she suspected what might be in store for her, those smiles would not have chased each other so incessantly on her lips.
Sibylla went up to bed early. She was full of caprices as a wayward child. Of a remarkably chilly nature—as is the case sometimes where the constitution is delicate—she would have a fire in her dressing-room night and morning all the year round, even in the heat of summer. It pleased her this evening to desert her guests suddenly: she had the headache, she said.
The weather on this day appeared to be as capricious as Sibylla, as strangely curious as the great fear which had fallen upon Lionel. The fine morning had changed to the rainy, misty, chilly afternoon; the afternoon to a clear, bright evening; and that evening had now become overcast with portentous clouds.
Without much warning, the storm burst forth: peals of thunder reverberated through the air, flashes of forked lightning played in the sky. Lionel hastened upstairs: he remembered how these storms terrified his wife.
She had knelt down to bury her head amidst the soft cushions of a chair when Lionel entered her dressing-room. “Sibylla,” he said.
Up she started at the sound of his voice, and flew to him. There lay her protection; and in spite of her ill-temper and her love of aggravation, she felt and recognised it. Lionel held her in his sheltering arms, bending her head down upon his breast and drawing his coat over it, so that she might see no ray of light: as he had been wont to do in former storms. As a timid child was she at these times: humble, loving, gentle: she felt as if she were on the threshold of the next world, that the next moment might be her last. Others have been known to experience the same dread in a thunder-storm: and, to be thus brought, as it were, face to face with death, takes the spirit out of people.
He stood patiently, holding her. Every time the thunder burst above their heads, he could feel her heart beat against his. One of her arms was round him; the other he held; all wet it was with the fear. He did not speak: he only clasped her closer every now and then, that she might be reminded of her shelter.
Twenty minutes, or so, and the violence of the storm abated. The lightning grew less frequent, the thunder distant and more distant. At length the sound wholly ceased, and the lightning subsided into that harmless sheet lightning which is so beautiful to look at in the far-off horizon.
“It is over,” he whispered.
She lifted her head from its resting-place. Her blue eye was bright with excitement, her delicate cheek crimson, her golden hair fell in a dishevelled mass around. Her gala robes had been removed with the diamond coronet, and the storm had surprised her writing a note in her dressing-gown. In spite of the sudden terror which overtook her, she did not forget to put the letter—so far as had been written of it—safely away. It was not expedient that her husband’s eyes should fall upon it: Sibylla had many answers to write now to importunate creditors.
“Are you sure, Lionel?”
“Quite sure. Come and see how clear it is. You are not alarmed at the sheet-lightning.”
He put his arm round her, and led her to the window. As he said, the sky was clear again. Nearly all traces of the storm had passed away: there had been no rain with it; and, but for the remembrance of its sound in their ears, they might have believed that it had not taken place. The broad lands of Verner’s Pride lay spreading out before them; the lawns and the terrace underneath: the sheet-lightning illumined the heavens incessantly, rendering objects nearly as clear as in the day.
Lionel held her to his side, his arm round her. She trembled still; trembled excessively; her bosom heaved and fell beneath his hand.
“When I die, it will be in a thunder-storm,” she whispered.
“You foolish girl!” he said, his tone half a joking one, wholly tender. “What can have given you this excessive fear of thunder, Sibylla?”
“I was always frightened at a thunder-storm. Deborah says mamma was. But I was not so very frightened until a storm I witnessed in Australia. It killed a man!” she added, shivering and nestling nearer to Lionel.
“Ah!”
“It was only a few days before Frederick left me, when he and Captain Cannonby went away together,” she continued. “We had hired a carriage and had gone out of the town ever so far. There was something to be seen there; I forget what now; races perhaps. I know a good many people went; and an awful thunder-storm came on. Some ran under the trees for shelter; some would not: and the lightning killed a man. Oh, Lionel, I shall never forget it! I saw him carried past; I saw his face! Since then I have felt ready to die, myself, with the fear.”
She turned her face and hid it upon his bosom. Lionel did not attempt to soothe the fear; he | WIKI |
Portal:Trains/Anniversaries/December 19
December 19
* 1806 – Benjamin Henry Latrobe, II, designer of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Thomas Viaduct (pictured), is born (d. 1878).
* 1827 – The South Carolina Canal and Rail Road is chartered.
* 1908 – Korekimi Nakamura begins his term as the second president of South Manchuria Railway.
* 1941 – Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Columbian passenger train route is extended from Jersey City-Washington to Jersey City-Chicago. | WIKI |
Talk:Michela Magas
Nice work!
Will try to work on it for Croatian and CEE translations. Zblace (talk) 16:46, 19 November 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
User:Flyingw/sandbox
[|==[[Scott Andrews (professor)] ==]]
Dr. Scott Andrews, a professor in the English Department of California State University Northridge since 2000, teaches courses in American literature and American Indian literature, and is the author of reviews, essays, poems, and short stories published in various journals.
One of his poems, published in Yellow Medicine Review: A Journal of Indigenous Literature, Art, and Thought, was nominated for a Pushcart Prize.
Dr. Andrews received his Ph.D. and M.A. at the University of California Riverside and his B.A. at the University of Oklahoma. Although Dr. Scott specializes in American Indian literature, he also teaches, or has taught, courses in major American writers, realism and naturalism in the novel, as well as other literary subjects. He serves on the editorial board for two native studies journals: Studies in American Indian Literatures and Transmotion (an online journal of postmodern indigenous studies).
He has recently been named Interim Director for the American Indian Studies Program, a program which he headed as Director from 2009 to 2014. The program seeks “to promote an understanding of American Indian history, cultures and tribal sovereignty with a focus on Southern California tribes, urban American Indians and other indigenous peoples in a global context. The program seeks to revise Western knowledge of the history and culture of the United States to include American Indian perspectives and contributions. It also seeks to demonstrate the relevance of American Indian perspectives to contemporary political, economic and social issues in the United States and the world.” Dr. Andrews serves on the board of the American Indian Scholarship Fund of Southern California, which provides support for native students attending colleges and universities in the region. At CSUN, he serves on the President's Commission on Diversity and Inclusion.
Dr. Andrews is a citizen of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. He is faculty advisor for the American Indian Student Association at CSUN, where he has helped co-ordinate the Annual CSUN Powwow, on the Sierra Quad, for nearly a decade. | WIKI |
oversimplify
Verb
* 1) To explain or present something in a way that excludes important information for the sake of brevity, or of making the explanation or presentation easy to understand. | WIKI |
Massive refactoring of external header files.
This reduces the number of exported header files to the minimum needed by
the existing userspace utilities and firmware implementations.
BUG=chromium:221544
BRANCH=none
TEST=manual, trybots
CQ-DEPEND=CL:47019,CL:47022,CL:47023
sudo FEATURES=test emerge vboot_reference
FEATURES=test emerge-$BOARD \
vboot_reference \
chromeos-cryptohome \
chromeos-installer \
chromeos-u-boot \
peach-u-boot \
depthcharge
Change-Id: I2946cc2dbaf5459a6c5eca92ca57d546498e6d85
Signed-off-by: Bill Richardson <wfrichar@chromium.org>
Reviewed-on: https://gerrit.chromium.org/gerrit/47021
Reviewed-by: Randall Spangler <rspangler@chromium.org>
137 files changed | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
AutoStation
https://autostation.io/
What is it?
AutoStation is a no-code interface for automating anything on-chain! It allows you to create an automation that chains together an arbitrary number of actions and conditions. In addition to being an easy way to automate things, it's also a platform that allows people to upload actions and conditions for other people to use - like an app store for automation. AutoStation being a platform means that users who don't want to code get access to a huge library of community-built conditions and actions that would be impossible for a single team to build on their own.
How It Works
AutoStation is made up of the `FundsRouter` contract and any condition/action contracts you want to connect to. The `FundsRouter` lets you do 3 things:
• deposit ETH to pay for recurring automations
• withdraw ETH
• make calls to all the contracts/functions you specify
For example (which is used in the "Create A Condition And Upload It" tutorial) if you want to increment a variable x in a MockTarget contract every day, then after you've deposited some ETH to the FundsRouter, you would make a request on Autonomy that asks it to call the forwardCalls function in the FundsRouter. In the function inputs to forwardCalls, you would specify that you want to then call everyTimePeriod in the TimeConditions contract and also the incrementX function in the MockTarget contract. Since the everyTimePeriod function will revert the whole tx if too little time has passed since the last call, then incrementX will only ever be called when the time condition is satisfied. The flow of logic for the tx that executes the request successfully is:
This architecture allows you to mix and match any amount of conditions with any amount of actions in a completely modular way. As a developer you can create condition and action contracts and upload them to AutoStation so that anyone can use them with the UI without having to code, kind of like an app in an app store!
Fees
Executions in Autonomy have a fee, which is the gas cost of the execution + 30%, so if it costs the bot $0.10 to execute the request, the user pays $0.13 in ETH out of the funds deposited into FundsRouter. Autonomy itself is very flexible in the way the fees can be charged (pre-paying when making the request or paying during execution of a request), but AutoStation requires the requester to deposit ETH (or whatever the base token of the blockchain is) to the `FundsRouter` contract, where every time an execution is done, part of the deposit is used to pay for the execution.
Last updated | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Citations:follicles of Meibomius
* 1815, Samuel Cooper, The First Lines of the Practice of Surgery, second American edition, Justin Hinds, pages 202–203:
* Professor Scarpa asserts that the chief part of the yellow viscid matter which accumulates in the lachrymal sac is secreted by the lining of the eyelids, and by the little glands of Meibomius, and that the altered quality of this secretion has a principal share in the cause of the disease. He states that the truth of this fact may at once be ascertained by everting the eyelids, and especially the lower one of the affected side, and by comparing them with those of the opposite eye. The former will constantly exhibit an unnatural redness of the internal membrane, which appears villous along the whole extent of the tarsus, while the edges are swollen, and numerous varicose vessels are distributed on its surface. The follicles of Meibomius are also turgid and prominent.
* 1852, George Mendenhall, The Medical Student's Vade Mecum, third edition, Lindsay and Blakiston, page 172:
* What secretes the tears? The lachrymal gland; but, as we generally meet with them, they are mixed with the secretions of the conjunctiva, caruncula lachrymalis, and follicles of Meibomius.
* 1852, E. E. Marcy, The Homœopathic Theory and Practice of Medicine, second edition, William Radde, page 621:
* This is a small boil-like swelling in the edge of the eyelid, resembling in size and general appearance a barleycorn. It generally commences in the follicles of Meibomius, near the angle of the eye, soon assumes a dark red or purple colour, and becomes quite painful from the violence of the accompanying inflammation.
* 1858, Robley Dunglison, Medical Lexicon, revised edition, Blanchard and Lea, page 193:
* CHASSIE (F.), Lema, Lippa, Glama, Glemē, Gra'mia, Lemos'itas, Sebum palpebra'lē; the gum of the eye, (Prov.) Gound or Gownde, from chasser, 'to drive out.' A sebaceous humour, secreted mainly by the follicles of Meibomius, which sometimes glues the eyelids together. | WIKI |
And the winners of our first-ever Meetup and Pitch-Off in Tel Aviv are… – TechCrunch
We at TC have had an amazing time this week in Israel, meeting founders, hearing about crazy new technology, and probably eating too much food. Yesterday our time here was capped off with the big thing we came here for: our first ever Meetup and Pitch-off in Tel Aviv. More than 900 people came together by the seaside at Trask to mingle and see fireside chats with the likes of ex-Prime Minister and President Shimon Peres; leading entrepreneurs from some of the (many) break-out startups being born and growing in Israel; and some of the VCs who back them. AND! We also held one of our famous Meetup + Pitch-offs! We had ten amazing companies pitching on the night, but only three could be crowned winners. Huge congratulations to first place winner Arbe Robotics, second place winner 6over6 Vision, and audience choice Fieldin! As first place winner, Arbe will get a table at the TC Disrupt Startup Alley in London this December, along with two tickets to the Disrupt conference. Second place 6over6 gets two tickets to the event, and Fieldin will get one. Read more on them below! Arbe Robotics is hoping to make some waves — literally, radio waves — in the drone industry with a new sensor that will help drones and other autonomous flying objects not only see but avoid things in their path. Think bats, but controlled by gadget enthusiasts (or, err, Amazon). As CEO and founder (and repeat entrepreneur) Kobi Marenko explained in his pitch, the sensors that Arbe is developing are not only a fraction of the price of those that are being developed based around image processing, but they are actually more energy efficient, meaning Arbe’s tech will keep your drone flying for longer. If you’ve been following any of the news about these new flying contraptions, you’ll know that safety and accidents are some of the biggest problems that need solving, so we think this is one to watch. 6over6 Vision, coincidentally, is another startup focused (ho ho! sorry… was up late last night) on vision, but from a totally different perspective (okay, I’ll stop now). This company has developed an app it hopes will disrupt the way we get our eyes checked when we’re figuring out which glasses or contacts to buy. 6over6 uses a series of geometric pictures that look only a little like hypnotising charms, along with accelerometer and other sensors on your smartphone, to measure how near- or far-sighted you are, and can even check for degrees of astigmatism. The company — which was founded by and staffed by vision experts who have sold previous startups to companies like Bausch & Lomb — is currently working with online eyewear stores to offer the product. And it is also in the process of getting its regulatory approvals ready for those launches later this year. With eye exams in countries like the U.S. costing consumers potentially hundreds of dollars, 6over6 is posed to try to disrupt this. Fieldin is coming from a completely different part of Israel’s startup landscape: the company has developed an analytics and business intelligence platform that combines in-the-field sensors, proprietary information, and third-party agronomic data to provide the agriculture industry with more accurate information about how their crops are performing — and, more specifically, how their pesticide programmes are working. The problem that Fieldin is solving is the fact that — despite a wave of people who now buy pesticide-free, organic produce — there is still a gigantic industry based around spraying crops, and many in the latter group overdo it with too many chemicals. These can ruin crops, harm the environment and harm consumers. Armed with more accurate data, Fieldin — which for now is concentrating on orchards and vineyards — believes that farmers can save money, and we can eat our fruit with more confidence. Thanks again to our judges for the night — JVP’s Gadi Tirosh, Nautilus’ Merav Rotem Naaman, and LeumiTech’s Yifat Oron — who took to the stage with Mike Butcher and me to listen to all the great pitches and make the tough choice of selecting the winners. And thanks again to the audience for getting involved and helping us pick a third! The full list of pitching startups: See you all again really soon! Next up on TC’s Big European Summer Meetup Adventure…. Berlin! | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Solving the Oil Foam Problem
Solving the Oil Foam Problem
Author: Nancy McGuire
Oil foams could have numerous uses in the food and cosmetic industries, but they are difficult to produce. The surfactants that act as stabilizing agents in aqueous foams are inefficient at reducing tension at oil-air interfaces.
Anne-Laure Fameau, L’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nantes, France, Arnaud Saint-Jalmes, Université de Rennes, France, and colleagues reported a simple method of making oil foams, from viscous liquids to strong gels, using mixtures of sunflower oil and fatty alcohols. Fatty alcohol crystal platelets surround and stabilize the air bubbles within the foam. These foams can remain stable for months as long as the temperature stays below the melting point of the crystals.
This stability is not affected by the fatty alcohol chain length and concentration below the crystals’ melting point; however, these factors do affect the temperature at which the crystals melt. Raising the temperature causes the foams to begin to disintegrate, and lowering the temperature halts the process. Adding UV absorbers like carbon black particles makes it possible to collapse specific regions of the foam by focusing light on those regions. Foam disintegration stops immediately when the UV source is removed.
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For Christmases yet to come, climate change threatens Maine's beloved evergreens
Since the 1800's in Maine, the Christmas tree has been an essential point of light for many in the darkest month of the year. But scientists say that some of the state's best-loved conifers are under threat, with extreme weather making it difficult for them to grow.
This story is part of our series "Climate Driven: A deep dive into Maine's response, one county at a time."
When Ephraim Weston moved from Massachusetts to the Province of Maine, Christmas trees weren't even a "thing" yet.
"We took ownership of the property in 1799. Started out as a farm for family. Dealt in various commodities throughout the generations, moved into livestock trading and a dairy farm," says John Weston, a descendant of Ephraim who now operates this 1,000-acre farm on the banks of the Saco River, which for more than two centuries has adapted to the times.
During the Great Depression and war time, it provided vegetables for the canned goods market. When the dairy industry collapsed, the family switched to corn and other crops. But the winters in Maine were long, so Weston says growing Christmas trees — specifically Maine's native balsam fir — seemed like a good bet for a few reasons.
"The balsams are the ones that have kind of the nice shape to them, and the standard smell. Everybody wants the smell of a nice balsam tree. The ground doesn't need to be too spectacular," he says. "They don't have to have a ton of pH, you can plant them up against a woods line like we've done here, meaning they don't have to have direct sunlight all day long."
But Weston says he's already having to cope with climate impacts his family hadn't anticipated 30 years ago.
"See the curve in this one? Can you see how that's kind of curved? That's flood damage," he says, pointing to a tree.
Weston says about four years ago, a heavy January rain fell on top of the snow, which caused flooding.
"Then the proceeding days after the flood waters came in, it was about 20 below at night and never got above zero, so an ice shield formed around the base of the trees," he says. "As we're standing here you can see some trees that have no lower branches."
That event bent trees and killed saplings — a disaster that will affect tree harvests for years to come. And it wasn't a singular event.
"We're standing in an approximately 60 acre field," Weston says. "All of it has been underwater. I've had what I think would be considered a hundred-year flood — we've probably had four of them in the past ten years."
Unfortunately, Weston says there's not much that can be done to protect a farm from extreme weather.
"I think everybody just wants a normal weather pattern and it's these extremes that are what we're having to deal with. I mean tornadoes in our area was unheard of. And we have almost routinely now have legit tornado warnings and tornadoes touching down. I mean, whoever would have thought of that? Growing up I certainly never would have," he says.
Nor would he have believed that this year, the Weston farm wouldn't even see its first frost until well into November.
So what does the future hold? Will Weston's descendants even be able to see a fir tree two centuries from now?
"Yeah, I'm going to expect no in 200 years in the wild," says Ivan Fernandez, co-chair of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the Maine Climate Council.
Fernandez says it's possible that balsam firs may still exist on farms, but new strains would need to be developed for farmers to have much success.
"In cultivation, with irrigation and different genotypes, there could be the capacity to grow a balsam fir in Maine under those intensive cultivation practices going forward," he says. "But not the ones we have today, and not the way they grow them today, given the climate trajectory we're on."
Another, perhaps more overlooked threat linked to climate change is that of an invasive pest known as the balsam woolly adelgid. William Livingston with the University of Maine School of Forest Resources says that at the moment, tree growers in western Maine don't have to deal with it — but they will.
"That's been along the Maine coast for 100 years, but has been limited to the Maine coast — so it doesn't get up to Fryeburg, because of the cold winter temperatures. But the winter temperatures, the minimum temperatures that typically kill this invasive insect, are becoming less frequent," he says.
A similar pest also attacks hemlock and has recently arrived in the state.
One evergreen tree that might actually thrive in the coming century and beyond is the Eastern white pine. Livingston says there's some indication that white pines will be able survive and grow taller than they do at the moment as the climate warms.
Fernandez with the Climate Council says while climate effects will continue to damage balsam fir into the next few decades, he's hopeful that a new push toward climate policy will bear fruit for the second half of the 21st century, and maybe even save the firs.
"Just as some of these changes in our environment are accelerating, so will solutions. Maine has an action plan, we've got activities underway to address this, and that's the reason to be hopeful. Certainly we are. So that's my hopeful holiday message," he says.
Back in Fryeburg, Weston has his own hopes as he thinks about the farm in the centuries to come.
"Everybody wants to pass on their traditions, and their way of life to the future generation and everybody likes to think about that old New England feel of Christmas and the old farmhouse," he says. "So we certainly hope that for our lifetime that's going to be around still and for future generations to come. But having said that, yeah, we know our climate's changing." | FINEWEB-EDU |
Talk:Downhill Racer
Fair use rationale for Image:Downhill moviep.jpg
Image:Downhill moviep.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.
BetacommandBot 08:36, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
I saw it in 1969
As a young boy in 1969, I took my 50 cent allowance for the week and saw this movie on the big screen. I would have enjoyed the movie more except I'll never forget the bad toothache I had during the entire film! Strange how certain things in your life are completely unforgettable. I remember the toothache more than the movie!--EditorExtraordinaire (talk) 05:37, 20 January 2015 (UTC)
Sylvester Stallone's cameo
He appears near Robert Redford and the woman with blonde hair when they are in the restaurant. A Score clip I found on a German site stated he was in this film. Upon viewing the movie, I spotted him in that scene.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:42, 31 December 2015 (UTC)
He is in it, but imdb.com never added him.PeterMan844 (talk) 09:43, 30 April 2016 (UTC)
They added him.Thank you! (talk) 18:49, 17 June 2016 (UTC)
They took it off, claiming it is unconfirmed.PeterMan844 (talk) 16:09, 16 July 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
Empress Maria Theresa was Marie Antoinette‘s mother, but before she became a mother, she was a child herself. She was born to Emperor Charles VI (Karl VI) and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel on 13 May 1717 at the Hofburg Palace. Her older brother, Leopold John, had been born on 13 April 1716, but he died when he was seven months. Thus, there was great rejoicing in the kingdom when a healthy baby girl was born. (She was also the oldest of three girls, her younger sisters were the Archduchess Maria Anna and the Archduchess Maria Amalia, who lived to be only six years old.)
Because of the loss of Leopold John and the difficulty of having children, Charles VI took steps to provide for a male-line succession failure with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, a document which abolished male-only succession. The sanction allowed Maria Theresa or any of Charles VI’s other daughters to succeed over the children of his elder brother and predecessor, Joseph I. Moreover, Charles VI “felt the importance of securing his beloved daughter’s undisputed title to the throne,” even though he remained disappointed Maria Theresa was not a boy and knew the male line would die with him. She also recognized her political importance, and it was said from an early age she “seemed one of nature’s queens, born to reign and subdue.”
To ensure Marie Theresa obtained the throne, her parents thoughtful considered what was best and decided to educate her using the Jesuits. She studied religion, history, and languages, along with music, drawing, and painting. In addition, her father fancied himself an amateur composer and wrote operas, demanding she and her sister perform in ballets. Although her parents did not succeed, they did try to put Maria Theresa’s “abundant mental faculties” to good use. Contemporaries praised her Latin, but otherwise most people found her education lacking: Her spelling and punctuation were unconventional, and she lacked the formal manner and speech that so characterized her Habsburg predecessors.
To ready her for the throne, her father summoned her to sit by his side at the meetings of the State Council. These meetings were long lasting and dry as toast, but she attended them regularly, sat silently, presumably thoughtful, and showed no outward signs of weariness. When she was 16, she participated in council deliberations for the election of the King of Poland, which caused one person to remark:
“She listened with grave attention to … the councillors … [and] when it came her turn to express her opinions, at her father’s desire, the astonishment of the ministers was unbounded … at the clearness and accuracy of her judgment, and the acuteness and keenness of her perceptions.”
In learning what a sovereign should be, Maria Theresa relied on the example of her father. Charles VI was said to be “a man of slow and phlegmatic temper, a narrow capacity, and a grave and formal deportment.” He attached grave importance to courtly etiquette, smiled little, and was said to have only laughed once. As he did not allow Maria Theresa to participate at council meetings, the only privilege she had was to intercede on the behalf of others. Apparently, at one point her father decided her interceding was too frequent: He became so impatient with her many requests for others, he said, “You seem to imagine a sovereign has nothing to do but grants favors.”
In appearance, Maria Theresa was said to resemble her mother and her younger sister Maria Anna. People described her as far more beautiful than the portraits painted of her, and they noted she was tall, graceful, and majestic. She was also described as having large expressive gray-blue eyes, a transparent complexion, and a wide mouth with full Austrian lips. Her profusion of fair hair tinged with a hint of red was also regularly noted. If these physical characteristics were not appealing enough, “to complete her charms, the tone of her voice was peculiarly soft and sweet.”
In character, she displayed a serious and reserved side, even as a youth. She also cast a shadow over her mild younger sister, who was likewise reserved. She was also said to be inflexible, overbearing, and display pride in her royal station. In fact, some people claimed she would have been viewed as arrogant at times if she had not been “restrained by the example of her … mother,” a woman who was enthusiastically religious and who doted her attentions on her daughter.
The softer side of Maria Theresa was her love for animals. She loved dogs as much as her daughter Marie Antoinette whose dogs followed her en masse as she strolled the halls of Versailles. After Maria Theresa became Empress, she became extremely attached to one dog, a toy spaniel. She loved the spaniel so much, she had it stuffed when it died, and, if you are ever in Vienna, you can see her stuffed spaniel, which appears to be a Phalène (a drop-eared variety of a Papillon), displayed at the Vienna Natural History Museum.
When Maria Theresa was young, her father planned for her to marry Leopold Clement of Lorraine, but Leopold died of smallpox in 1723. A few years later, in 1725, she became betrothed to Charles of Spain, but that marriage fell through also. When it did, she was relieved. Her father was aware that she had become enamored with Francis Stephen, the Duke of Lorraine and Leopold Clement’s younger brother. Francis Stephen had come to Vienna shortly after the death of his brother and was brought up at court with Maria Theresa, who was highly infatuated with him, as one person noted:
“Notwithstanding [Maria Theresa’s] … lofty humor by day, she sighs and pines all night for her Duke of Lorraine. If she sleeps it is only to dream of him; if she wakes, it is but to talk of him to the lady in waiting; so that there is no more probability of her forgetting the very individual government, and the very individual husband which she thinks herself born to.”
It was no wonder Marie Theresa was smitten by the Duke of Lorraine. Francis Stephen was “eminently handsome, indisputably brave, and accomplished in all the courtly exercises that a prince and gentleman [required].” They married on 12 February 1736, when she was 18 and he was 27, and although Francis Stephen was not possessed of any “shining talents,” she loved him all the same. Moreover, she was highly possessive of her husband throughout their marriage, and many contemporaries noted her extremely jealousy for his mistresses, particularly Maria Wilhelmina, Princess of Auersperg, who was his best-known mistress.
When Charles VI died, Marie Theresa was 24 and no longer a child, and although she may not have been the best prepared monarch, she proved to be a much better ruler than her father, who left her nothing but problems. Indicative of this is a French epitaph for the late Emperor published in the Newcastle Courant that read:
“Of the proud AUSTRIAN Line the last is laid here,
For his Honour too late, for his Children too quick,
Who, in hopes a Male Heir would sometimes appear,
In his Wisdom proud, play’d his Daughter this Trick:
A succession he left here that’s not to be had,
A Spouse to whom nought form his Grandfires descend;
A Long List of Titles may make her run mad;
No Treasure, no Council, no Army, no Friend.”
In fact, the girl who used to sit quiet at council meetings developed into a formidable and forward-thinking ruler. She kept an eye towards maintaining and improving her kingdom, which she accomplished by correcting abuses, abolishing torture, and improving revenues. She also moved Austria from a medieval state to a modern one, and, upon her death, she left a multinational and revitalized empire that influenced other European nations throughout the nineteenth century.
- Oertel, Wilhelm, Maria Theresa, 1905, p. 15.
- The Illustrated American, Volume 8, 1891, p. 547.
- Oertel, p. 18.
- Jameson, Mrs. Anna, Memoirs of Famous Female Sovereigns, 1832, p. 127.
- The Illustrated American, p. 547.
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- “A French Epitaph for the late Emperor Charles VI,” in Newcastle Courant, 10 October 1741, p. 3. | FINEWEB-EDU |
ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA; Arco Metals Company; Columbia Falls Aluminum Company, Petitioners, Association of Public Agency Customers, Petitioner-Intervenor, v. BONNEVILLE POWER ADMINISTRATION; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Respondents, Portland General Electric Company; Puget Sound Power & Light Company; Public Generating Pool (PGP), Respondents-Intervenors. CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION, Petitioner, v. BONNEVILLE POWER ADMINISTRATION; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Respondents. PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION OF the STATE OF CALIFORNIA; Southern California Edison Company; Pacific Gas and Electric Company; San Diego Gas & Electric Company; Department of Water and Power of the City of Los Angeles, et al., Petitioners, v. BONNEVILLE POWER ADMINISTRATION; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Respondents.
Nos. 87-7303, 87-7308 and 87-7313.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Argued and Submitted March 9, 1989.
Decided Dec. 11, 1989.
Matthew Cohen, Heller, Ehrman, White & McAuliffe, Seattle, Wash., Peter G. Fair-child, San Francisco, Cal., John D. McGrane, Reid & Priest, Washington, D.C., Stephen E. Pickett, Rosemead, Cal., Glenn West, Jr., San Francisco, Cal., Thomas C. Hokinson, Sr. Asst. City Atty., Los Ange-les, Cal., for petitioners.
Jonathan Blees, Deputy General Counsel, Sacramento, Cal., for California Energy Com’n.
Max M. Miller, Tonkon, Torp, Galen, Marmaduke & Booth, Portland, Or., Judith Bearzi, Gordon, Thomas, Honeywell, Ma-lanca, Peterson & Daheim, Seattle, Wash., for petitioner-intervenor.
Kurt R. Casad, Portland, Or., Joanne Le-veque, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Pamela G. Rapp and J. Jeffrey Dudley, Portland, Or., Frederic A. Morris, Perkins Coie, Seattle, Wash., Jay T. Waldron, Schwabe, Williamson, Wyatt, Moore & Roberts, Portland, Or., for respondent-inter-venor.
Before CANBY, THOMPSON and LEAVY, Circuit Judges.
LEAVY, Circuit Judge:
OVERVIEW
These consolidated cases challenge the first nonfirm energy rates that the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) established, and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved, under section 7(k) of the Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act (the Regional Act), 16 U.S.C. § 839e(k) (1982). Nonfirm energy is that energy that is surplus to the needs of the Pacific Northwest. The challenged rates, schedules NF-1 and NF-2, were effective from July 1, 1981, through September 30, 1982, and from October 1, 1982, through October 31, 1983, respectively. The NF-1 and NF-2 rates applied to sales of nonfirm energy both in and outside the Pacific Northwest.
In case No. 87-7303, BPA’s direct service industrial customers, joined by intervenors the Public Generating Pool, Public Power Council, Association of Public Agency Customers, and Portland General Electric (the Northwest parties), allege that BPA’s rates for electricity under NF-1 and NF-2 were too low. The Northwest parties claim the rates: (1) failed to recover the costs of nonfirm energy, (2) failed to include the' costs of the residential exchange program, and (3) that FERC failed to review the rates based on the administrative record of BPA.
In cases Nos. 87-7308 and 87-7313, the California Energy Commission, the Public Utilities Commission of the State of California, and the California Utilities (Southern California Edison Company, Pacific Gas & Electric Company, San Diego Gas & Electric Company, and the Cities of Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, and Pasadena) allege that BPA’s nonfirm energy rates under NF-1 and NF-2 were too high. These California parties claim that the rates should not have included an unweighted, proportionate share of the costs of BPA’s generating capacity, the costs of the mothballed nuclear plants of the Washington Public Power Supply System (WPPSS), or the costs of conservation of fish, wildlife, and energy in the Pacific Northwest.
We hold that the evidentiary hearing that FERC held upon review of the rates violated section 7(k); nonetheless, we affirm FERC’s decision to approve the rates BPA established for nonfirm energy under schedules NF-1 and NF-2 from 1981 to 1983.
FACTS
BPA is a self-financing power marketing agency within the United States Department of Energy. The rates BPA receives for electricity and its transmission are BPA’s only sources of revenue. Central Lincoln Peoples’ Util. Dist. v. Johnson, 735 F.2d 1101, 1116 (9th Cir.1984). Various federal acts require the BPA administrator periodically to revise rates to recover the capital costs and expenses associated with the Columbia River power system. 16 U.S.C. §§ 832f, 838g, 839e(a)(l) (1982). BPA is required to meet all interest and amortization payments owed to the United States Treasury for federal investments in BPA power and transmission systems. 16 U.S.C. §§ 839(4), 839e(a)(l).
BPA’s combined generation and transmission facilities are known as the Federal Columbia River Power System. See 16 U.S.C. § 839a(10)(A). BPA also purchases energy from other utilities and accumulates it through conservation measures. Currently, BPA markets power generated at thirty federal hydroelectric projects and two nuclear plants, WPPSS Plant No. 2 and Trojan. The primary marketing area is the Pacific Northwest, comprised of the states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho; Montana west of the Continental Divide; and the parts of Utah, Wyoming, and Nevada that are within the Columbia River drainage. 16 U.S.C. § 839a(14). BPA also markets power outside the Pacific Northwest, but only if it has the surplus energy to do so. 16 U.S.C. § 837a (1982). This energy is referred to as “nonfirm” energy, to distinguish it from the “firm” energy that BPA is required to provide to its Pacific Northwest customers first, pursuant to the Pacific Northwest Consumer Power Preference Act of 1964 (the Regional Preference Act), 16 U.S.C. §§ 837-837h (1982). Department of Water and Power of Los Angeles v. Bonneville Power Admin., 759 F.2d 684, 687 (9th Cir.1985).
BPA’s energy system is planned around a hypothetical “critical water” supply, in which BPA measures its ability to meet the demand for power in the Pacific Northwest by assuming streamflows will be the worst on record and thermal generation and power purchases occur as planned. Nonfirm energy may result from streamflows in excess of critical, so long as reservoirs appear to be refilling on schedule. See, e.g., Central Lincoln, 735 F.2d at 1112. This planning method results in large amounts of nonfirm energy in most years. Consequently, BPA counts on nonfirm energy and makes decisions based on its availability.
BPA integrates hydroelectric energy production with other energy-producing resources. For example, when thermal resources are used to generate energy in the fall and early winter, the water that otherwise would have been used is stored behind the dams for later energy production. Therefore, BPA describes the reservoir as an “inventory” of energy, in which the quantity of water depends not only on stre-amflows, but on the use of thermal resources, power purchases, and conservation. Thus, electricity produced by dams may result from water whose energy content is attributable to the use of thermal or other resources, as well as to streamflow. According to BPA, it is impossible to attribute a unit of nonfirm energy to the resource that produced it, because the water supply is dependent on the use of several different resources. BPA operates the system not only to meet firm energy demands of the Pacific Northwest, but to maximize the amount of nonfirm energy produced.
While the NF-1 and 2 rates that BPA established were capped at cost, below-cost sales occurred to avoid wasting this surplus energy. According to BPA, California utilities saved $1.5 billion by buying electricity from BPA from July 1981 through October 1983, while at the same time BPA realized only $270 million in cumulative NF-1 and 2 revenues. BPA incurred revenue shortfalls in the years these rates were in effect, which resulted in missed interest and principal payments owed to the United States Treasury.
Prior Proceedings
After lengthy formal evidentiary hearings, BPA proposed the NF-1 and 2 electric rates. In April of 1983, FERC consolidated its review of the NF-1 and 2 rates and set them for an evidentiary hearing before an administrative law judge (AU). United States Dept. of Energy—Bonneville Power Admin., 23 F.E.R.C. 1161, 161, 61,354 (1983). All parties to the consolidated case before this court were represented at the FERC hearing.
The AU disapproved the NF-1 and 2 rates as not conforming to section 7(k) of the Regional Act. He stated:
The loser under the NF-1 and NF-2 rates has been BPA. The nonfirm customers were grossly undercharged for energy and this violated the fairness principle of cost allocations encompassed, in this case, within the “lowest possible rates to consumers consistent with sound business principles” requirement found in the statutory standards.... BPA came up short in revenue and could not pay on its federal debt and had its deferred interest payments increase.
29 F.E.R.C. ¶ 63,039, 65,122 (1984). The parties filed exceptions to this ruling; therefore, the full Commission reviewed the NF-1 and 2 rates. See generally 18 C.F.R. §§ 385.708(d), 385.711 (1984) (sets forth procedures for review of an initial decision by the Commission).
In Opinion No. 250, the full Commission modified and reversed the decision of the AU in part, and approved and confirmed NF-1 and 2 rates precisely as BPA had originally filed them. U.S. Dep’t of Energy—Bonneville Power Admin., 36 F.E. R.C. ¶ 61,335 (1986). Rate determinations become final upon confirmation and approval by FERC. 16 U.S.C. § 839e(a)(2); Central Lincoln, 735 F.2d at 1105. In Opinion No. 250-A, the Commission denied a petition for a rehearing.
Except as modified or reversed, the Commission affirmed and adopted the ALJ’s decision. The modifications of significance to this appeal are: (1) FERC eliminated a cap on the amount of thermal capacity costs included in the rates, 36 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,335, at 61,808; (2) FERC did not approve the inclusion of costs of the residential exchange program in the rates, id. at 61,800, 61,811-813; and (3) FERC found BPA’s failure to design nonfirm rates to recover its costs was not a basis for rejection of the rates. Id. at 61,817-19.
The Northwest and California parties timely petitioned for review of FERC’s decision.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Regional Act provides a specific standard of review for final determinations of electric rates. This court must affirm the rates if “substantial evidence in the rulemaking record” supports BPA’s determination. 16 U.S.C. § 839f(e)(2); Central Lincoln, 735 F.2d at 1116. We must also affirm the agency’s action unless it is arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or in excess of statutory authority. 16 U.S.C. § 839f(e)(2); California Energy Resources Conservation and Dev. Comm’n v. Bonneville Power Admin., 831 F.2d 1467, 1472 (9th Cir.1987), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 109 S.Ct. 58, 102 L.Ed.2d 36 (1988).
We defer to the interpretation of a statute by the agencies charged with administering it. Southern Cal. Edison Co. v. FERC, 770 F.2d 779, 782 (9th Cir.1985). Because BPA drafted the Regional Act, its interpretation is to be given “great weight” and should be upheld if reasonable. Aluminum Co. of America v. Central Lincoln Peoples’ Util. Dist., 467 U.S. 380, 389-90, 104 S.Ct. 2472, 2479, 81 L.Ed.2d 301 (1984); California Energy Resources Conservation and Dev. Comm’n v. Johnson, 807 F.2d 1456, 1459 (9th Cir.1986). In a complex ratemaking case such as this, we also defer to FERC’s substantial expertise in approving and confirming BPA’s rates. See Papago Tribal Util. Auth. v. FERC, 773 F.2d 1056, 1058 (9th Cir.1985) (deference given to FERC in ratemaking under the Federal Power Act, 16 U.S.C. §§ 824 et seq.), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1108, 106 S.Ct. 1515, 89 L.Ed.2d 913 (1986). However, the courts are the final authorities on issues of statutory construction. They must reject administrative constructions of a statute that are inconsistent with the statutory mandate or that frustrate the policy Congress sought to implement. Southern Cal. Edison, 770 F.2d at 782.
DISCUSSION
Whether the California Utilities Have Standing
BPA argues the California utilities do not have standing because they saved a windfall $1.5 billion by voluntarily purchasing BPA surplus energy. This contention is without merit. To have standing, a petitioner must show the challenged action caused them “injury in fact;” that the injury was within the “zone of interests” to be protected by the statutes that were allegedly violated, Starbuck v. City and County of San Francisco, 556 F.2d 450, 458 (9th Cir.1977) (citing Sierra Club v. Morton, 405 U.S. 727, 733, 92 S.Ct. 1361, 1365, 31 L.Ed.2d 636 (1972)), and that the relief sought would cure the injury. Id. at 458 (citing Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 505, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 2208, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975); Simon v. Eastern Kentucky Welfare Rights Org., 426 U.S. 26, 38, 96 S.Ct. 1917, 1924, 48 L.Ed.2d 450 (1976)).
While BPA agrees the California utilities’ claims are within the “zone of interests” to be protected by section 7(k) of the Regional Act, it claims the utilities lack standing because they failed to allege any injury. However, the California utilities do allege an injury: excessive electricity rates due to costs that should not have been included in the NF-1 and 2 rate schedules. There is harm in paying rates that may be excessive, no matter what the California utilities may have saved. Further, if the utilities are correct, the relief sought would cure their injury: they will receive a refund of overpayments with interest. 18 C.F.R. § 300.20(c)(2) (1984). Therefore, the utilities have standing.
Whether There Is A “Fair and Reasonable” Standard for Ratemaking
Section 7(k) requires BPA to establish nonfirm energy rates sold outside the Pacific Northwest in accordance with the Bonneville Project Act, 16 U.S.C. §§ 832-832/ (1982), the Flood Control Act of 1944, 16 U.S.C. § 825s (1982), and the Federal Columbia River Transmission System Act, 16 U.S.C. §§ 838-838k (1982). 16 U.S.C. § 839e(k). These three Acts require that BPA rates for nonfirm energy be drawn:
1.having regard to the recovery of the cost of generation and transmission of such electric energy;
2. so as to encourage the most widespread use of Bonneville power;
3. to provide the lowest possible rates to consumers consistent with sound business principles; and
4. in a manner that protects the interests of the United States in amortizing its investments in the projects within a reasonable period.
Central Lincoln, 735 F.2d at 1114; see also Opinion No. 250, 36 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,335, at 61,798.
The California Energy Commission (CEC) contends there is a fifth ratemaking standard. The CEC states: “statutes embodied in Section 7(k) require first that BPA sell extraregional nonfirm energy 'on fair and reasonable terms and conditions.’ ” The CEC cites for support the Flood Control Act, 16 U.S.C. § 825s, and Opinion No. 250, 36 F.E.R.C. 11 61,335, at 61,820 n. 20. BPA, on the other hand, contends that the Flood Control Act does not refer to ratemaking in section 825s, but reflects Congress’ desire to limit federal transmission capacity only to the extent that sales of federal power can be economic. BPA claims FERC does not say in Opinion No. 250 that “fair and reasonable” is a ratemaking standard, but only that it is part of FERC’s inquiry on review of the NF-1 and 2 rates. See Opinion No. 250, 36 F.E.R.C. H 61,335, at 61,820 n. 20.
The other California parties recognize the distinction BPA makes. On reading section 825s, we agree that it does not refer to ratemaking per se, but rather to the overall requirement of fairness in the delivery of power by the BPA. BPA’s interpretation is reasonable. Therefore, no “fair and reasonable” standard is applicable to ratemaking.
Whether FERC Could Hold An Evidentia-ry Hearing In Its Review Of The Nonfirm, Nonregional Rates
The Northwest parties contend FERC violated section 7(k) by failing to base its review of the NF-1 and 2 rates solely on the BPA administrative record. They claim arguments were raised and evidence was presented at the FERC hearing that were not before BPA when BPA decided the nonfirm rates.
FERC claims that section 7(k) does not limit its review to the BPA record, but in the last sentence provides for an additional hearing, which must be given effect. FERC says it has discretion to decide what type of hearing is necessary, and that its interpretation is entitled to deference, because of its ultimate responsibility for administering section 7(k).
In relevant part, section 7(k), 16 U.S.C. § 839e(k), states:
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, all rates or rate schedules for the sale of nonfirm electric power within the United States, but outside the region, shall be established ... in accordance with the procedures of subsection (i) of this section.... [S]uch rates or rate schedules shall become effective after review by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission for conformance with the requirements of such Acts and after approval thereof by the Commission. Such review shall be based on the record of proceedings established under subsection (i) of this section. The parties to such proceedings under subsection (i) of this section shall be afforded an opportunity by the Commission for an additional hearing in accordance with the procedures established for ratemaking by the Commission pursuant to the Federal Power Act [16 U.S.C.A. § 791a et seq.].
As we see it, there are four arguments against FERC’s authority to hold a separate evidentiary hearing. First, subsection (i) describes the procedures the BPA Administrator must follow to establish rates. 16 U.S.C. § 839e(i). The subsection requires BPA to hold one or more hearings “to develop a full and complete record.” 16 U.S.C. § 839e(i)(2). No party disputes that these hearings are to be evidentiary. See 16 U.S.C. §§ 839e(i)(2)(A), (B); 16 U.S.C. § 839e(i)(3). The rates are then proposed by BPA and published in the Federal Register, after which additional hearings subject to the same procedures may be held. 16 U.S.C. § 839e(i)(4). Then, the BPA Administrator makes a final decision based on the record, which “shall include a full and complete justification of the final rates....” 16 U.S.C. § 839e(i)(5). Therefore, section 7(k)’s statement that FERC review shall be based upon “the record of proceedings established under subsection (i) of this section” limits FERC review to the BPA record.
Second, this court’s review is to be based solely on the BPA record. Section 839f(e)(2) of the Regional Act specifies that the scope of our review of “final determinations regarding rates under section 839e of this title shall be supported by substantial evidence in the rulemaking record required by section 839e(i) of this title considered as a whole.” 16 U.S.C. § 839f(e)(2) (emphasis added). It would be anomalous for this court to consider another record established by FERC given this statutory mandate.
Third, to permit an evidentiary hearing is inconsistent with this court’s precedent regarding FERC review as appellate in nature under 7(k):
A Federal Power Act rate case is a de novo proceeding ... in which FERC holds an evidentiary hearing and bases its decision solely on the record compiled at that hearing. 16 U.S.C. § 824d. FERC may accept, reject or modify the ... proposed rates. By contrast, a nonregional rate hearing is a form of appellate review, based on the record previously developed by the BPA in the administrative rate proceeding below. FERC may not modify the proposed rate; it may only confirm or reject it. Central Lincoln, 735 F.2d at 1113 n. 6; U.S. Secretary to Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, 13 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,157 at p. 61,339 (1980).
Southern Cal. Edison, 770 F.2d at 784 n. 3. Moreover, the Supreme Court has made the following observation about FERC’s role in final approval and confirmation of the federal hydroelectric rates:
FERC views its role in this process as “in the nature of an appellate body,” 45 Fed. Reg. 79545, 79547 (1980); its function is to determine from the record before it whether “due process requirements have been met and [whether] the Administrator’s program of rate schedules and the decision of [the Assistant Secretary] are rationale and consistent with the statutory standards.” Ibid. In exercising that appellate function, FERC relies on the record before it, remanding for supplementation if necessary.
United States v. City of Fulton, 475 U.S. 657, 663, 106 S.Ct. 1422, 1426, 89 L.Ed.2d 661 (1986). Although City of Fulton does not interpret section 7(k), but rather section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1944, 16 U.S.C. § 825s, this decision provides some guidance on FERC’s role in reviewing proposed rates. City of Fulton describes how hydroelectric rates are developed by the Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs) and are then approved on an interim basis by the Assistant Secretary of Energy before final confirmation and approval by FERC. Id. at 662-63, 106 S.Ct. at 1425-26.
Finally, we note that according to section 7(k), FERC’s function is to approve or disapprove the rates BPA sets; it may not impose other rates of its own. Central Lincoln, 735 F.2d at 1113 n. 6. Given this limitation, another evidentiary hearing seems superfluous.
On the other hand, a literal reading of the last sentence of section 7(k) appears to allow an evidentiary hearing before FERC, because the additional hearing section 7(k) provides for under the procedures of the Federal Power Act is a de novo proceeding in which FERC takes evidence. Southern Cal. Edison, 770 F.2d at 784 n. 3. However, this interpretation is at odds with the statement that FERC review “shall be based on the record of [the BPA proceedings].” 16 U.S.C. § 839e(k). It does not comport with FERC’s limited role to approve and confirm BPA’s rates, especially when it may lead to the introduction of evidence that BPA did not consider. A “basic rule of statutory construction is that one provision should not be interpreted in a way which is internally contradictory or that renders other provisions of the same statute inconsistent or meaningless.” Hughes Air Corp. v. Public Util. Comm’n, 644 F.2d 1334, 1338 (9th Cir.1981).
FERC held the evidentiary hearing in this case because:
[W]e find that significant questions have been raised by the parties regarding whether these schedules meet the standards set forth in the applicable power marketing statutes. Based on the record presented, we cannot make a determination as to whether the revenue level proposed to be collected or the basis upon which the rate schedules have been designed is appropriate. We shall therefore set these matters for hearing.
U.S. Dep’t of Energy—Bonneville Power Admin., 23 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,161, 61,354 (1983).
Both the Northwest parties and BPA opposed FERC’s proposed evidentiary hearing. In forceful arguments accusing FERC of making unsound policy, BPA maintained that: (1) section 7(k) requires FERC review to be based on the record of the BPA hearing; (2) section 7(k) does not mention a “hearing on the record” or legally require it; (3) redundant evidence delays Commission review; (4) the Federal Power Act does not require an evidentiary hearing; (5) the only reason to hold an eviden-tiary hearing would be if a party could demonstrate it was not provided with an opportunity to present its views in the BPA hearing; (6) FERC should defer to the BPA’s interpretation of section 7(k) since BPA is the specialized agency Congress designated to establish rates; and (7) rather than holding evidentiary hearings, FERC should have requested briefing from the parties if it had trouble assessing BPA’s 30,000 page administrative record.
Although the Regional Act is no model of clarity, and the question is close and very difficult, we are persuaded that FERC should not have held this evidentiary hearing upon review of the nonfirm rates because FERC thought the BPA record was inadequate and wanted to supplement it. See 23 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,469, at 62,024. Congress designed the Act to prevent protracted legal challenges to BPA’s ratemaking decisions. Central Lincoln, 735 F.2d at 1114. This objective is not served by multiple evidentiary hearings at different agencies. FERC’s interpretation is unreasonable in light of the Act as a whole, because that interpretation renders meaningless the Regional Act’s provisions for BPA to develop “a full and complete record,” 16 U.S.C. § 839e(i)(2); for BPA to come to a final decision based on the record, which includes a complete justification for the rates, 16 U.S.C. § 839e(i)(5); and for FERC review and approval “based on the record of [BPA’s] proceedings established under [16 U.S.C. § 839e(i) ].” 16 U.S.C. § 839e(k).
Our interpretation will also prevent parties from sitting out the BPA hearings, as happened here, in contravention of the Regional Act. Moreover, this interpretation does not make insignificant the requirement that BPA develop a complete record for FERC review, or render meaningless the additional hearing before FERC provided for by section 7(k). See Hughes Air Corp., 644 F.2d at 1338; Ruiz v. Morton, 462 F.2d 818, 820 (9th Cir.1972) (“statutes are to be given, wherever possible, 'such effect that no clause, sentence or word is rendered superfluous, void, contradictory or insignificant’ ” (quoting Rockbridge v. Lincoln, 449 F.2d 567, 571 (9th Cir.1971)), aff'd, 415 U.S. 199, 94 S.Ct. 1055, 39 L.Ed.2d 270 (1974). It does not alter FERC’s scope of review. We note that the House Committee Report on section 7(k) states that: “FERC’s review will be based on the BPA record and on any subsequent FERC proceedings.” H.R.Rep. No. 976, 96th Cong., 2d Sess., pt. 1, at 70 (1980), U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News 1980, p. 5989. See 23 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,469, at 62,025 n. 2.
Although BPA argued that FERC may hold evidentiary hearings under section 7(k) only when a party can demonstrate it was not provided an opportunity to present its views adequately during the BPA hearing, we need not reach this issue. We decide here only that FERC may not hold an evidentiary hearing to supplement a record it thinks is inadequate. Our ruling does not mean, however, that an evidentia-ry hearing could not be held under other circumstances.
Since FERC’s procedural error made its review overly broad, we need not remand, but proceed instead to the merits so that this legal challenge is not further protracted.
Whether BPA’s Rates For Nonfirm Energy in the NF-1 and 2 Schedules Violate Section 7(k) of the Regional Act
To uphold FERC’s decision, this court need not find that BPA’s and FERC’s construction of the relevant provisions of the Regional Act is the only reasonable construction, or that it is the one we would have adopted had construction been committed to the judiciary in the first instance. California Energy, 807 F.2d at 1459. The only requirement is that the agencies’ interpretation of the Act be reasonable. Id.
Because this court must defer to FERC and the BPA in ratemaking cases, we must determine whether section 7(k), its legislative history, and the preexisting Acts whose ratemaking standards 7(k) incorporates prohibit the ratemaking decision that is challenged. If not, the inquiry is whether the agencies’ interpretation is a reasonable one, and if there is substantial evidence to support it. If so, the decision on the issue may be affirmed.
A. Whether The Nonfirm Rates To Nonregional Customers May Include The Full Cost of BPA’s System
The main contention of the California parties is that BPA could not reasonably include its full capacity and energy costs in the NF-1 and 2 rates, and do so on an unweighted, proportional basis.
FERC determined it was undisputed that BPA operates its system to maximize the production of useful energy, 36 F.E.R.C. ¶[ 61,335, at 61,802, which more often than not results in the production of surplus energy that is sold to California. FERC decided that the incremental cost of surplus energy, which is what the California parties want the rate based upon, is impossible to determine because water in the reservoirs that produces nonfirm energy results not just from stream inflow, but from the use of thermal generating plants and conservation as well. Thus, the actual source of a given unit of energy produced cannot be determined. FERC found that its precedent and considerations of equity supported nonregional, nonfirm energy purchasers contributing to BPA’s overall costs, since they benefit from BPA’s entire system. 36 F.E.R.C. 1161,335, at 61,802. FERC also observed that even if California purchasers have unequal access to BPA power, and subsequently claim it has less value to them, that fact does not affect what it costs BPA to produce the energy. Id. at 61,805.
The California parties present the same arguments on appeal that FERC has decided. They cite to nothing in the statute that requires the alternatives to BPA’s cost allocation they propose, nor have they demonstrated that FERC’s decisions were either unreasonable or were unsupported by evidence in the record. In light of section 7(k)’s mandate that rates be set with regard to the recovery of the cost of generation and transmission of electric energy, FERC’s approval of BPA’s decision to charge full costs to nonregional customers was reasonable and was amply supported by the record. Thus, the California parties may not complain that they are not getting the protection from BPA bias that section 7(k) was enacted to prevent. As long as an agency has considered all the relevant factors and has rationally exercised its discretion in deciding matters of law, there is no reason to disturb its conclusions. Pacific Gas and Elec. Co. v. FERC, 746 F.2d 1383, 1386 (9th Cir.1984).
We adopt FERC’s findings and conclusions as our own on this issue, excluding, however, its conclusion that fish and wildlife costs are properly included in the non-firm energy rates. See 36 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,335, at 61,810-11. This issue was not properly before FERC because it was raised for the first time at FERC’s eviden-tiary hearing, and we have held that hearing was in violation of section 7(k).
B. Whether the Costs of the WPPSS Nuclear Plants Should Be Charged to Nonfirm Customers
The California utilities contend they should not be charged for a facility unless it is actually producing energy. They say FERC properly delineated this inquiry on review when it stated:
The question is whether the current costs at issue are sufficiently associated with the current production of energy marketed as nonfirm energy to purchasers outside the [Pacific Northwest] as to make it reasonable for BPA to include the costs....
Opinion No. 250, 36 FERC ¶ 61,335, at 61,-807 (emphasis added).
The California utilities read the phrase “current production” narrowly, contending that costs for the WPPSS plants, none of which produced energy during the time the rates were in effect, and two of which are now mothballed permanently, should not have been included in the rates since the plants did not produce energy during the rate period. The California utilities concede these costs may be included in non-firm rates if the plants ever produce energy during a rate period at issue.
This argument was not new to FERC. In 1980, when the WPPSS plants were under construction, customers of BPA complained that charges related to BPA’s prepayments on the WPPSS plants through debt financing should be deferred to a period contemporaneous with the commencement of service from these units. United States Sec’y of Energy, Bonneville Power Admin., 13 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,157, at 61,338 (1980). The WPPSS contracts required BPA to pay for its share of plant capacity on fixed dates whether or not the plants were completed or operating on those dates. Id. at 61,337. FERC decided the record supported a finding that the WPPSS costs were proper for inclusion in the rates to its customers in the Pacific Northwest and Pacific Southwest. Id. at 61,340. In the present case, FERC reiterated those reasons, which associate WPPSS costs with the current production of energy in the following manner:
The Commission has previously found that BPA is obligated by its contracts with WPPSS to make payments to WPPSS for those portions of the WPPSS system for which BPA is responsible. The Commission further found that it was proper for BPA to include these costs in current energy cost determinations to its customers because BPA is required by Department of Energy Order No. RA 6120.2 to pay its purchased power costs in the year in which they are incurred. The Commission found that BPA has no legal authority to borrow money with which to pay purchased power costs. Under these circumstances, the Commission found it was appropriate for BPA to include the WPPSS costs in current energy cost determinations as a means of providing sufficient revenue to BPA in order that it could meet its contractual obligations and in order to meet its statutory obligation to amortize Federal investment within a reasonable period of time. The Commission has therefore decided that it is appropriate to include BPA’s WPPSS costs in the determination of BPA’s current energy costs.
Opinion No. 250, 36 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,335, at 61,809 (citations to 13 F.E.R.C. II 61,157 omitted).
Significantly, the California utilities do not attack this specific statement. Instead, they reiterate their initial argument that there should be no charges for non-energy producing facilities.
FERC’s rationale comports with the standards for ratemaking in section 7(k). FERC’s primary concern during WPPSS construction and after plants 1 and 3 were terminated has been whether BPA could meet its statutory obligation to amortize Federal investment within a reasonable period of time. This concern is in keeping with FERC’s role to insure the rates it confirms and approves satisfy the standards in the Acts enumerated in section 7(k). See infra p. 753; 13 F.E.R.C. 57 61,157, at 61,338 (“Under the federal pow-ermarketing statutes, the Commission must determine that proposed rates would provide a sufficient level of revenues to BPA to recover its costs and repay the federal investment within a reasonable period of time.”). If BPA has to pay WPPSS contract obligations, but cannot charge for them in its rates until the plants produce energy, it would have to divert revenue from funds that would otherwise go to repay the Treasury. Section 7(k) requires that rate schedules be structured to prevent such a result.
FERC decided nonfirm energy customers should share in the cost of WPPSS, because it found that BPA operates its entire system to maximize the production of useful energy, 36 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,335, at 61,802, 61,807, which benefits all BPA customers. This finding is supported by substantial evidence in the record. Further, there is substantial evidence that WPPSS plant capacities were acquired to serve nonfirm energy markets. BPA, 1982 Record of Decision at 118. Therefore, FERC decided the non-production of energy by the plants did not require a different allocation of costs between firm and nonfirm customers. Id. at 61,809-10.
BPA’s and FERC’s decision that WPPSS costs are to be borne by all customers is reasonable. A failure in planned energy production does not change the nature of a system designed to maximize energy production and use. Nothing in section 7(k) or the standards in the Acts it implements limit such a cost to firm customers only. It is a sound business principle to allocate the cost of the contractual obligations over the widest possible customer base to recover it within a reasonable time period. Further, FERC’s designation of the WPPSS costs as an ancillary cost of doing business as a power producer is reasonable and is supported in the record.
The California utilities argue the Regional Act and its legislative history differentiate between regional and nonregional customers with respect to payment for non-production costs such as WPPSS. They argue that several provisions of the Regional Act specifically allocate to regional customers the costs of the Federal Base System resources, which include the WPPSS plants. They maintain there is no equivalent express allocation of these costs in section 7(k) for nonregional customers.
This argument fails because it ignores the standards section 7(k) incorporates from previous Acts that BPA must follow in designing its rates. These broad standards may reasonably be interpreted to allow for non-production costs in nonfirm energy rates, as previously discussed. The WPPSS costs are sufficiently associated with the current production of energy to make their inclusion in the nonfirm rates reasonable.
C. Whether The Costs of The Residential Exchange Program Should Be Included In The Nonfirm Rates
Under section 5(c) of the Regional Act, 16 U.S.C. § 839c(c), a residential exchange program is established, under which any Northwest utility with high system costs may sell power to BPA at their average system cost, then purchase from BPA an equal quantity of low cost federal power. The benefits to the participating utilities are to be passed on directly to residential customers. California Energy, 807 F.2d at 1460. The Northwest parties argue that costs associated with this program should be included in the nonfirm rates.
FERC determined that Congress wanted the costs of this subsidy to be borne by the direct service industrial customers. It found that although the Act itself did not specify which customers should share in the cost of the program, legislative history stated Congress’ preference: “The loss in revenue to the Administrator is in effect returned by the higher direct service industry rates.” 36 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,335, at 61,812 (quoting H.R.Rep. No. 96-976, pt. I, p. 29 (1980)). This court has also observed that “[t]he cost of this ‘money-losing program’ ... is largely borne by BPA’s direct-service industrial customers.” California Energy, 807 F.2d at 1460 (citing 16 U.S.C. § 839e(c)(l)). Therefore, we find that the costs of the residential exchange program are not to be assessed against nonfirm energy customers. We adopt FERC’s findings and conclusions on this issue.
D. Whether BPA’s Nonfirm Rates Were Designed In Contravention of The Regional Act, Because The Rates For Nonfirm Energy Were Too Low
Without question, the NF-1 and 2 rates did not recover the cost to produce the nonfirm energy sold to California. BPA capped the NF-1 and 2 rates at cost in the rate design, but also provided for sales below cost. Both BPA and FERC admit the nonfirm rates did not recover the cost of service. However, the issue is whether the rates as designed, not the rates as collected, were appropriate under the Regional Act.
The Northwest parties contend the Regional Act mandates BPA to design rates in such a way as to recover its costs. They argue the rates should allow for above-cost rates to offset any sales that are below cost. Otherwise, they claim, the firm customers of BPA are forced to subsidize the nonfirm customers, because less is subtracted from total system costs to determine the firm customers’ final share. The Northwest parties contend the Regional Act precludes firm customers from having to subsidize nonfirm customers by limiting firm rates to the cost of resources needed to serve their loads. See 16 U.S.C. § 839e(b)(l). The Northwest parties seek a declaration that section 7(k) requires BPA to recover its cost of service, market conditions permitting.
During FERC review, BPA claimed it did not know, when designing the NF-1 and 2 rates for the first time under the Regional Act, what the value of its energy would be to nonregional customers, or what competitors’ prices might be. Consequently, BPA says it designed the rates to avoid the waste of nonfirm energy. While BPA admits it must design nonfirm rates with an eye to cost recovery, BPA maintains the Regional Act does not say how costs are to be allocated among customer groups.
The main issue is whether and to what extent the Regional Act and the Acts incorporated in 7(k) limit BPA’s authority to design nonfirm energy rates that may lose money. The AU for FERC concluded that there “was no excuse for BPA not designing its nonfirm rates so as to recover the costs fairly allocated to nonfirm energy from nonfirm energy users.” 29 F.E.R.C. ¶ 63,039, at 65,113. He concluded that “[t]his failure was a violation of the statutory standard respecting ‘the lowest possible rates to consumers consistent with sound business principles.’ ” Id.
FERC, however, disagreed. It found no evidence in the record to support that BPA knew with reasonable certainty when it designed the rates what maximum price California would be willing to pay. FERC said BPA “had to be concerned with establishing a rate that would allow it to market energy under conditions of uncertainty at times when the alternative to selling the energy was waste through spill.” 36 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,335, at 61,818. FERC thought it reasonable for BPA to provide for below cost rates to use at times when BPA could not market or store the energy it had available. Id. FERC determined that BPA’s rates were consistent with the statutory criteria. Id. At the same time, FERC refused to say that BPA was obligated to provide for rates above costs to assure that sales at below-cost rates would be offset. It thought such a requirement would be unreasonable “in light of the latitude in the statutory requirement that the rates be as low as possible consistent with sound business principles.” Id.
The Regional Act does not set forth how BPA must design its rates to conform to the four standards it must follow, or how costs are to be allocated between regional and nonregional customers. In the absence of a clear legislative command, we must consider whether BPA’s rates for nonfirm energy “ ‘represent ] a reasonable accommodation of conflicting policies that were committed to the agency’s care by the statute.’ ” City of Fulton, 475 U.S. at 667, 106 S.Ct. at 1428 (quoting Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 845, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 2783, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984)). BPA has three conflicting obligations under the pri- or statutes that section 7(k) incorporates. First, it must protect consumers by ensuring that power is “ ‘sold at the lowest possible rates ... consistent with sound business principles.’ ” Id. 475 U.S. at 668, 106 S.Ct. at 1428 (quoting United States v. Tex-La Elec. Co-op, Inc., 693 F.2d 392, 399-400 (5th Cir.1982)). Second, BPA must “protect the public fisc by ensuring that federal hydroelectric programs recover their own costs and do not require subsidies from the federal treasury.” Id. (citing the legislative history of the Bonneville Project Act). Third, BPA must encourage the most widespread use of energy. The Regional Act does not state that any one of these obligations is more important than the others.
Although the question is very difficult, particularly with hindsight, the NF-1 and 2 rates, as developed, appear to conform to the statutory boundaries. BPA operates its system to maximize the production of useful energy. Not knowing exactly what future market conditions would be when it designed the rates, BPA properly allowed for below-cost rates in conditions where energy might otherwise be wasted. FERC’s conclusion is reasonable that the “widespread use” requirement provides BPA with wide latitude in designing non-firm energy rates. That conclusion comports with this court’s previous decision that this “widespread use” standard, which incorporates two of the four standards BPA must use, see infra p. 753, provides BPA with so much discretion that there is no law to apply. City of Santa Clara, Cal. v. Andrus, 572 F.2d 660, 668 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 859, 99 S.Ct. 177, 58 L.Ed.2d 167 (1978).
This brings the question of whether there is law to apply here to the four standards section 7(k) incorporates. This court has recognized there is “law to apply” if a specific statute limits the agency’s discretion to act in the manner that is challenged. Id. at 666. The challenged action is BPA’s setting rates at below cost, to encourage the most widespread use of its power. The remaining two standards limit BPA’s discretion to do so, because they require BPA to also have regard for cost recovery and protect the interests of the United States. Consequently, there appears to be law to apply. This conclusion does not conflict with City of Santa Clara, because these two standards were not present in that case. BPA provided for cap rates at the full cost of production as well as below-cost rates in its rate design. This rate design comports with all the statutory requirements. Therefore, FERC’s approval of the NF-1 and 2 rates as designed is affirmed.
CONCLUSION
We hold that FERC abused its discretion by holding an evidentiary hearing under section 7(k), in view of the Regional Act’s directive that FERC’s review should be based on the BPA record, FERC’s limited role to approve and confirm the rates, and FERC’s role as described by the Supreme Court and this circuit.
On the merits of those issues properly before it, FERC’s decision to approve the nonfirm energy rates as developed by BPA is AFFIRMED.
. The Regional Act in its entirety is found at 16 U.S.C. § 839-839h (1982).
. The residential exchange program provides that any Northwest utility with high system costs may sell power to BPA at their average system cost, then purchase from BPA an equal quantity of low cost federal power. The benefits are to be passed on directly to the residential customers. California Energy Resources Conservation and Dev. Comm’n v. Johnson, 807 F.2d 1456, 1460 (9th Cir.1986). The cost is borne by BPA’s direct-service industrial customers. Id. (citing 16 U.S.C. § 839e(c)(l)).
.The Flood Control Act, 16 U.S.C. § 825s, states:
Electric power and energy generated at reservoir projects under the control of the Department of the Army ... not required in the operation of such projects shall be delivered to the Secretary of Energy, who shall transmit and dispose of such power and energy in such manner as to encourage the most widespread use thereof at the lowest possible rates to consumers consistent with sound business principles.... Rate schedules shall be drawn having regard to the recovery ... of the cost of producing and transmitting such electric energy, including the amortization of the capital investment allocated to power over a reasonable period of years. Preference in the sale of such power and energy shall be given to public bodies and cooperatives. The Secretary of Energy is authorized ... to construct or acquire, by purchase or other agreement, only such transmission lines and related facilities as may be necessary ... to make the power and energy generated at said projects available in wholesale quantities for sale on fair and reasonable terms and conditions to facilities owned by the Federal Government, public bodies, cooperatives, and privately owned companies.
(Emphasis added.)
. In note 20, FERC states: “The Commission noted [in other hearings on rates] that the question of whether BPA had made power available to extraregional customers on fair and reasonable terms and conditions was part of the inquiry in reviewing extraregional rates."
. “In addition [to the four standards enumerated above] for those rates to warrant approval [by FERC] BPA must make nonfirm energy available on 'fair and reasonable’ terms and conditions.” California Public Utilities Commission Opening Brief at 7.
"[FERC] has also specified that the nonregional rates it reviews under Section 7(k) must be ‘fair and reasonable.'" California Utilities Opening Brief at 19.
. As examples, the Northwest parties state the California utilities objected for the first time before FERC, and now contend before us, that fish and wildlife costs should not be included in the nonfirm rates. The Northwest parties also claim the California utilities agreed at the BPA rate case that BPA should adopt one nonfirm rate for all customers, but then told FERC that the law requires a special nonfirm rate for nonregional sales. Northwest Parties’ Reply Brief at 11-12, n. 11.
. FERC has stated that evidentiary hearings will not necessarily be held in all section 7(k) proceedings, but rejects the contention that the language of section 7(k) does not permit them. See 23 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,469, at 62,024 (1983).
. BPA is the "biggest and most important” of the five PMAs. United States v. Tex-La Elec. Co-op., Inc., 693 F.2d 392, 394 n. 3 (5th Cir.1982).
. We note that BPA does not challenge this issue on appeal. But BPA points out in its brief that FERC review is “appellate in nature and must be based on BPA’s record."
. FERC responded ”[t]here may be merit to BPA's argument that such an additional hearing need not be an evidentiary hearing and that the mandate of [section 7(k) ] may be fulfilled, instead, by providing the parties with the opportunity to file briefs of written comments.” 23 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61,469, 62,024 (1983). Nevertheless, FERC decided to hold an evidentiary hearing to supplement the record, attempting to avoid duplication of the BPA record. Id.
.The opinion FERC cites, Pacific Gas & Elec. Co. v. FERC, 746 F.2d 1383 (9th Cir.1984), to show that FERC has discretion to decide the type of hearing, is distinguishable. That case arose under the interpretation of a contract for transmission service, not under section 7(k).
. Some parties argue that BPA is entitled to no deference. See, e.g., California Utilities Reply Brief at 10. Such a position does not comport with Supreme Court precedent or precedent in this circuit. See supra p. 752.
. This power was sold cheaply under the rates in question, considering what the record shows the California parties would otherwise have paid.
. The full production costs for NF-2 energy was 18 mills/kWh, the set standard rate. The spill rate, used when energy supplies were abundant, was set at 9 mills/kWh, or half the cost of production. Under both the NF-1 and 2 rates, the California parties paid less than Northwest customers for BPA energy. Under the NF-1 rate, the California parties paid 7.7 mills/kWh, while Northwesterners paid 8 mills/kWh. Under the NF-2 rate, the California parties paid 9 mills/kWh, while Northwesterners paid 12 mills/kWh. As a result, the California parties saved $1.5 billion, while BPA realized only $270 million in cumulative NF-1 and 2 revenues. During these rate periods, BPA experienced overall revenue shortfalls in excess of $680 million, which caused BPA to miss interest and principal payments due the Treasury.
| CASELAW |
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classification
Title: Repr of collection's subclasses
Type: enhancement Stage: resolved
Components: Extension Modules, Interpreter Core Versions: Python 3.7
process
Status: closed Resolution: fixed
Dependencies: 31497 Superseder:
Assigned To: rhettinger Nosy List: r.david.murray, rhettinger, serhiy.storchaka, vstinner, xiang.zhang
Priority: normal Keywords: patch
Created on 2016-07-17 08:54 by serhiy.storchaka, last changed 2022-04-11 14:58 by admin. This issue is now closed.
Pull Requests
URL Status Linked Edit
PR 3631 merged serhiy.storchaka, 2017-09-17 17:06
Messages (12)
msg270621 - (view) Author: Serhiy Storchaka (serhiy.storchaka) * (Python committer) Date: 2016-07-17 08:54
The repr of subclasses of some collection classes contains a name of the subclass:
>>> class S(set): pass
...
>>> S([1, 2, 3])
S({1, 2, 3})
>>> import collections
>>> class OD(collections.OrderedDict): pass
...
>>> OD({1: 2})
OD([(1, 2)])
>>> class C(collections.Counter): pass
...
>>> C('senselessness')
C({'s': 6, 'e': 4, 'n': 2, 'l': 1})
But the repr of subclasses of some collection classes contains a name of the base class:
>>> class BA(bytearray): pass
...
>>> BA([1, 2, 3])
bytearray(b'\x01\x02\x03')
>>> class D(collections.deque): pass
...
>>> D([1, 2, 3])
deque([1, 2, 3])
>>> class DD(collections.defaultdict): pass
...
>>> DD(int, {1: 2})
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {1: 2})
Shouldn't a name of the subclass always be used?
msg270623 - (view) Author: Xiang Zhang (xiang.zhang) * (Python committer) Date: 2016-07-17 09:30
How about other built-in classes? If repr does matter, maybe str, int, dict should also respect this rule?
msg270625 - (view) Author: Serhiy Storchaka (serhiy.storchaka) * (Python committer) Date: 2016-07-17 10:00
This can break third-party code. For example the code that explicitly makes the repr containing a subclass name:
class MyStr(str):
def __repr__(self):
return 'MyStr(%s)' % str.__repr__(self)
I think the chance of breaking third-party code for bytearray or deque is smaller, since the repr is not literal.
msg270627 - (view) Author: Xiang Zhang (xiang.zhang) * (Python committer) Date: 2016-07-17 10:12
Yes. So if we are not going to change other built-in types, maybe we'd better not change bytearray either. My opinion is that don't change built-in classes, even bytearray. If users would like a more reasonable repr, they can provide a custom __repr__ as your example. But make such changes to classes in collections sounds like a good idea to me.
msg270646 - (view) Author: R. David Murray (r.david.murray) * (Python committer) Date: 2016-07-17 15:30
It certainly seems that collections should be consistent about this. The question of builtin types is a different issue, and I agree that it is probably way more trouble than it is worth to change them, especially since, for example, repr(str) is often used just to get the quote marks in contexts where you *don't* want the subclass name.
msg270650 - (view) Author: Serhiy Storchaka (serhiy.storchaka) * (Python committer) Date: 2016-07-17 16:20
It looks to me that the repr of a collection contains a dynamic name if it is implemented in Python and hardcoded base name if it is implemented in C (OrderedDict originally was implemented in Python). Maybe just because tp_name contains full qualified name, and extracting a bare class name needs few lines of code.
There is similar issue with the io module classes: issue21861.
Since this problem is already solved for OrderedDict, I think it is easy to use this solution in other classes. Maybe factoring out the following code into helper function.
const char *classname;
classname = strrchr(Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, '.');
if (classname == NULL)
classname = Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name;
else
classname++;
msg302387 - (view) Author: Raymond Hettinger (rhettinger) * (Python committer) Date: 2017-09-17 22:06
+1 for changing the cases Serhiy found. Also, I agree with Serhiy that there should not be a change for the built-in types that have a literal notation (it has been this was forever, hasn't caused any real issues, and changing it now will likely break code).
msg302684 - (view) Author: Serhiy Storchaka (serhiy.storchaka) * (Python committer) Date: 2017-09-21 11:24
New changeset b3a77964ea89a488fc0e920e3db6d8477279f19b by Serhiy Storchaka in branch 'master':
bpo-27541: Reprs of subclasses of some classes now contain actual type name. (#3631)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/b3a77964ea89a488fc0e920e3db6d8477279f19b
msg302687 - (view) Author: Serhiy Storchaka (serhiy.storchaka) * (Python committer) Date: 2017-09-21 12:11
Thanks Raymond.
msg302689 - (view) Author: STINNER Victor (vstinner) * (Python committer) Date: 2017-09-21 12:16
Why using type.__name__ rather than type.__qualname__?
msg302690 - (view) Author: Serhiy Storchaka (serhiy.storchaka) * (Python committer) Date: 2017-09-21 12:42
Because reprs of Python implementations of collection use a bare __name__.
__qualname__ is used only in combination with __module__. Using a single __qualname__ can be confused: foo.bar looks as a name bar in the module foo. Whether in reprs and error messages either full qualified name is used ("{cls.__module__}.{__qualname__}") or a bare __name__. If a displayed name contains a dot it is always a full qualified name.
msg302691 - (view) Author: STINNER Victor (vstinner) * (Python committer) Date: 2017-09-21 12:44
> Because reprs of Python implementations of collection use a bare __name__.
Ah, maybe this module should be updated to use qualified name with the name in repr()?
> __qualname__ is used only in combination with __module__.
I was thinking at module.qualname, right.
History
Date User Action Args
2022-04-11 14:58:33adminsetgithub: 71728
2017-09-21 12:44:50vstinnersetmessages: + msg302691
2017-09-21 12:42:12serhiy.storchakasetmessages: + msg302690
2017-09-21 12:16:50vstinnersetnosy: + vstinner
messages: + msg302689
2017-09-21 12:11:00serhiy.storchakasetstatus: open -> closed
resolution: fixed
messages: + msg302687
stage: patch review -> resolved
2017-09-21 11:24:16serhiy.storchakasetmessages: + msg302684
2017-09-17 22:06:10rhettingersetmessages: - msg302377
2017-09-17 22:06:03rhettingersetmessages: + msg302387
2017-09-17 17:40:17rhettingersetmessages: + msg302377
2017-09-17 17:08:27serhiy.storchakasetdependencies: + Add _PyType_Name()
versions: + Python 3.7, - Python 3.6
2017-09-17 17:06:31serhiy.storchakasetkeywords: + patch
stage: patch review
pull_requests: + pull_request3620
2017-08-15 14:54:52r.david.murraylinkissue31194 superseder
2016-07-17 16:20:14serhiy.storchakasetmessages: + msg270650
2016-07-17 15:30:29r.david.murraysetnosy: + r.david.murray
messages: + msg270646
2016-07-17 12:54:41rhettingersetassignee: rhettinger
2016-07-17 10:12:47xiang.zhangsetmessages: + msg270627
2016-07-17 10:00:55serhiy.storchakasetmessages: + msg270625
2016-07-17 09:30:26xiang.zhangsetmessages: + msg270623
2016-07-17 08:54:36serhiy.storchakacreate | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Dem women raise specter of Anita Hill in symbolic Kavanaugh protest
Several House Democratic women staged a symbolic protest in the middle of Brett Kavanaugh's Senate committee vote on Friday — a conscious nod to 1991, when Democratic women led the charge for a hearing on sexual harassment claims against now-Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. The House Democratic women stood in silence as the Judiciary Committee began taking up Kavanaugh's high court bid, preparing to advance it to the Senate floor later Friday, and later walked out of the room. Three Democratic senators joined them outside the room, making their own unmistakable statement of fury over the GOP's swift advancement of Kavanaugh's nomination following incendiary Thursday testimony from his sexual assault accuser, Christine Blasey Ford. One of those three senators, California Democrat Kamala Harris, said in an interview outside the committee room that the moment "came together organically. I was sitting in there — I couldn't sit there any longer, and I walked out. My colleagues obviously felt the same way." Harris later tweeted that the committee's swift action on Kavanaugh "shows what a sham this process has been." Sens. Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) and Mazie Hirono (D-Hawaii) joined her in walking out of the room as the Judiciary panel churned towards a Kavanaugh vote later on Friday. Hirono tweeted that she and Harris decided to leave the room because "Republicans have tossed out all rules and norms to push Brett Kavanaugh onto the Supreme Court. We will not be part of this sham." While the Senate Democrats acted spontaneously, the House Democratic women planned their visit to the other side of the Capitol to show support for Ford. It was a moment designed to echo the 1991 push by several House Democratic women to get a hearing for Anita Hill's harassment allegations against Thomas before the Senate moved to a final vote. That effort didn't stop Thomas from getting confirmed, of course, and Friday's House Democratic protest is unlikely to stop Kavanaugh from locking in the votes he needs in the GOP-controlled Senate. But that didn't stop the women in the House minority, including Reps. Pramila Jayapal (D-Wash.), Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D-Fla.), Carolyn Maloney (D-N.Y.), and Sheila Jackson Lee (D-Texas), from heading to the Senate just as their predecessors did in 1991. "We've been talking about it the last two days," Jayapal said in an interview outside the Judiciary room, crediting Jackson Lee and Rep. Lois Frankel (D-Fla.) with coordinating the protest. Jayapal described Senate Republicans' disinterest in an independent inquiry into Ford's allegation against Kavanaugh, as well as in subpoenaing a key witness, as "a slap in the face to the #MeToo movement." "What does this say to boys and girls across the country, to women across the country who are survivors? And what does it say for the faith of the American people in our Supreme Court?" she asked. Republicans have said they declined to pursue testimony from Mark Judge, the Kavanaugh friend whom Ford has said was in the room during the alleged assault, because Judge has declined to speak to the committee, citing health problems. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
WZOC
WZOC (94.3 FM, "Z94.3") is a radio station licensed to Plymouth, Indiana, serving Michiana and the South Bend area. WZOC has a classic rock format and is owned by Mid-West Family Broadcasting.
WTCA-FM
The station began broadcasting on July 20, 1966, holding the call sign WTCA-FM, a sister station to AM 1050 WTCA. The station was owned by the Kunze family's Community Service Broadcasters. Its transmitter was located one mile south of Plymouth, Indiana, and it had an ERP of 3,000 watts at a HAAT of 220 feet.
WNZE
In 1981, the station's call sign was changed to WNZE. As WNZE, the station aired a country music format. In 1992, the station's transmitter was moved to Lakeville, Indiana, and it ERP was increased to 11,300 watts at a HAAT of 150 meters.
WLTA
In 1994, the station's call sign was changed to WLTA, and the station adopted a soft AC format. The call sign WLTA had been held by 100.7 in Elkhart, Indiana, which changed formats from soft AC to country as WBYT "B-100".
WZOC
In spring 1996, the station adopted an oldies format, and its call sign was changed to WZOC. The station was branded "Oldies 94.3". In summer 1996, the station was sold to Plymouth Broadcasting for $575,000. In March 2012, WZOC was sold to Douglas Road Radio for $2,100,000.
On February 28, 2014, after the station had shifted from an oldies format to a classic hits format, it was re-branded from "Oldies 94.3" to "Z94.3".
In September 2015, Schurz Communications, which previously held a minority interest in Douglas Road Radio, agreed to acquire full ownership of the company. The transaction is part of the $442.5 million acquisition of Schurz' broadcast interests, including WZOC, by Gray Television. Though Gray initially intended to keep Schurz' radio stations, on November 2, it announced that Mid-West Family Broadcasting would acquire WZOC and Schurz' other South Bend radio stations for $5.5 million. The sale to Mid-West was consummated on February 16, 2016.
In February 2022, WZOC shifted its format from classic hits to classic rock. | WIKI |
Page:Tracts for the Times Vol 2.djvu/569
to the whole, till nothing is left in the Church inviolate, nothing undefiled, the shrine of holy truth becoming the impure dwelling of impious and base errors. But, may pity avert this curse from the hearts of His people; rather be it the recompense of the wicked!
[Alas! since the Church divided and spoke different things, what part of it is there which is not, in some respects, justly open to the description contained in these last words! How miserably contrasted are we with the One Holy Apostolic Church of old, which "serving with one consent," spoke "a pure language!" And now that Rome has added, and we have omitted, in the catalogue of sacred doctrines, what is left to us but to turn our eyes sorrowfully and reverently to those ancient times, and, with Bishop Ken, make it our profession to live and "die in the faith of the Catholic Church before the division of the East and West?"] | WIKI |
Silver Iodide Microstructures of a Uniform Towerlike Shape: Morphology Purification via a Chemical Dissolution, Simultaneously Boosted Catalytic Durability, and Enhanced Catalytic Performances
The fabrication of microstructures/nanostructures of a uniform yet well-defined morphology has attracted broad interest from a variety of fields of advanced functional materials, especially catalysts. Most of the conventional methods generally suffer from harsh synthesis conditions, requirement of bulky apparatus, or incapability of scalable production, etc. To meet these formidable challenges, it is strongly desired to develop a facile, cost-effective, scalable method to fulfill a morphology purification. By a precipitation reaction between AgNO3 and KI, we report that irregular AgI structures, or their mixture with towerlike AgI architectures could be fabricated. Compared to the former, the mixed structures exhibit enhanced catalytic reactivity toward the photodegradation of Methyl Orange pollutant. However, its catalytic durability, which is one of the most crucial criteria that are required by superior catalysts, is poor. We further show that the irregular structures could be facilely removed from the mixture via a KI-assisted chemical dissolution, producing AgI of a uniform towerlike morphology. Excitingly, after such simple morphology purification, our towerlike AgI displays not only a boosted catalytic durability but also an enhanced catalytic reactivity. Our chemical dissolution-based morphology purification protocol might be extended to other systems, wherein high-quality advanced functional materials of desired properties might be developed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Vaginal cysts
Attribution
Much of the content of this article was taken from the Vaginal rugae. The addition of more content is anticipated. Barbara (WVS) ✐ ✉ 12:51, 17 February 2018 (UTC)
Merge discussions
Please use this talk page, in addition to any others, to discuss proposed merges. Best Regards, Barbara (WVS) ✐ ✉ 13:02, 17 February 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
Unless you’ve done it before, it can be hard to know how to prepare for a C-section. Fortunately, a little advance planning (if you’re having a scheduled C-section) can help make things go more smoothly.
If you are having a planned C-section, you will be asked to not eat or drink anything prior to your surgery. When you arrive, your baby will be monitored, and you will have your vital signs checked. You’ll meet your nurse, get an IV, have blood work, and sign a surgical consent. Other people you’ll meet include your doctor (and possibly residents/medical students) and someone from the anesthesia team.
Often a spinal or epidural is used during a C-section so you can be comfortable but awake. This is usually done in the operating room, and while this is happening your support partner (usually only one is allowed in the OR with you) will wait outside. Once it is placed and your belly has been cleaned and the sterile drapes have been placed, your partner can come in.
The delivery of your baby is usually the quickest part of the surgery. After he or she is out, the pediatric team will check your baby and then bring the baby over to meet you. Be sure to take pictures of your new family! Depending on the hospital policy, your baby will either stay with you in the operating room or go to the recovery room with your partner until you are ready.
Once in the recovery room, your nurse will monitor you and your pain closely. This is perfect time to start nursing or do skin-to-skin with your new baby. If you plan to breastfeed, be sure to ask for tips about comfortable positions for nursing after a C-section.
After a while, you’ll go to your postpartum room. Visitors can usually see you at this point, but do consider if you are ready or if you need some rest. A catheter will likely still be in your bladder to help keep it empty, so at least you don’t have to worry about going to the bathroom.
Over the next day your IV will be disconnected, your catheter will come out, you’ll eat regular food, and you’ll start walking around. These are all important steps in recovery. It is important to make sure you take your pain medication so you are comfortable enough to do these things and care for your baby.
Most women go home after 2-4 days. You’ll be given thorough instructions of what to do and what to avoid. It is important to not do heavy lifting or have sex for about six weeks. Each day you’ll feel stronger and more like yourself, but you should never be afraid to call your doctor if you don’t feel like your recovery is going as planned.
Reviewed by Dr. Jen Lincoln, April 2020
Takeaways
• A spinal or epidural is usually used during a C-section so you can be awake for your baby’s arrival.
• Usually one support person is allowed in the operating room with you.
• After your surgery, it is important to take your pain medication to help with your recovery.
References
1. The American College of Obstetricians/Gynecologists. Your Pregnancy and Birth. 4th ed.
Comments
1. Be sure to talk with your OB/GYN and state your desire to have a horizontal incision.
Not as painful , recovery is quicker.
I read that with a C-section the delivery is the quickest part……Well no not always the case.
After my OB made the incision, I lay there on table for just over an hour. Forceps were used, a vacumm, 2 nurses were told to put all their weight on abdomen and push…very uncomfortable, OB could not reach my son, so I went through these different attempts over and over.
I would like to know why an operation that should take minutes took over an hour?
Reply
1. Hi Karenna, Your C-section sounds like it was extremely difficult, and without knowing the details of your delivery it may have been because you had pushed for a long time and he was wedged in your pelvis and therefor hard to deliver, or he was very large and also hard to get out, or your size or scar tissue (from past surgeries etc) made the surgery more technically challenging. I would say your delivery is definitely not the norm so it sounds like there were other factors at play, and I hope both you and baby got some R&R afterwards!!
Also about the type of skin incision: an up and down (or vertical) skin incision is only rarely used in the United states anymore. It is really only used in case of extreme emergency, if the woman already has a scar there, there is another surgery happening at the same time where that type of incision is needed, or a woman is obese enough where putting the scar lower puts it at risk for infection. You are right, they are definitely harder to recover from!
Reply
1. Yes, constipation related to narcotic medication is definitely something that can hurt! Some women do find the increase in fiber (if they haven’t been doing it already) causes too much gas which leads to bad gas pain, but others tolerate it just fine. Bottom line: don’t wait ’till it gets bad and ask your provider for something stronger to help you go!
I think the take-home about pain medications is not to find that balance between good pain control (so you are comfortable enough to walk, get out of bed etc) – not too little where it hurts too much to move, and not too much where you are out of it and loopy. It definitely affects people differently, so it can be trial and error!
Reply
1. I am glad to hear your second one was better! Many women find the recovery harder if they were in labor and ended up with a C-section as opposed to those who have a scheduled one, but either way it is no walk in the park!
Reply
1. That is exactly what happened with my first one. I labored all day, pushed for over an hour, then ended up having a c section. It was exhausting!
Reply
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Tell us who you are! We use your name to make your comments, emails, and notifications more personal. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
White House journalists invite historian, not comic, to headline dinner
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Months after comic Michelle Wolf angered Trump administration officials with her blistering routine at the annual White House Correspondents’ Association dinner, the group said on Monday it would feature a historian, not a comedian, at next year’s event. The WHCA said Ron Chernow, who has written biographies of presidents George Washington and Ulysses Grant and founding father Alexander Hamilton, has been asked to speak on freedom of the press at next year’s black-tie affair in April. “Freedom of the press is always a timely subject and this seems like the perfect moment to go back to the basics,” Chernow said in a statement released by the WHCA. President Donald Trump has repeatedly derided some media organizations as “fake news” and the “enemy of the people.” The decision breaks with the association’s long-standing tradition of having a comic roast the president and the press at the dinner, and it drew a sharp response from Wolf. “The @whca are cowards. The media is complicit. And I couldn’t be prouder,” she said on Twitter. Presidents traditionally have been given the floor to make their own humorous remarks before the comic speaks. But President Donald Trump, who frequently found himself the target of jokes when he attended before he ran for office, including by then-President Obama, has refused to attend the dinner his first two years in office. Wolf angered Trump administration officials last April with jokes that many felt were caustic and overly personal, saying of presidential adviser Kellyanne Conway “all she does is lie” and ridiculing press secretary Sarah Sanders’ eye makeup. It was not the first time comics at the dinner have riled their targets. Stephen Colbert, Wanda Sykes and Seth Meyers have spoken at the dinner and also had their detractors. But Wolf’s jabs at Trump administration officials prompted the New York Times to question in a headline last April: “Did Michelle Wolf kill the White House Correspondents’ Dinner?” Although the dinner has become a high-profile event on Washington’s social calendar, it is primarily a fund-raiser to earn money for college journalism scholarships, journalism awards and to pay for other programs sponsored by the WHCA, which represents journalists covering the White House. “While I have never been mistaken for a stand-up comedian,” Chernow said, “I promise that my history lesson won’t be dry.” Reporting by David Alexander; Editing by Tim Ahmann and Bill Berkrot | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
ὀπώρα
Etymology
Seems to be a contraction of an original, from , a variant of (root ) found also in 🇨🇬. Other cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬).
Noun
* 1) the part of the year between the rising of Sirius and of Arcturus (i. e. the end of July, all August and part of September), the end of summer; later it was used for autumn
* 2) fruit itself
* 3) summer-bloom; i.e. the bloom of youth
* 1) summer-bloom; i.e. the bloom of youth | WIKI |
Print
Parent Category: emulator
Category: DosBox
Hits: 3242
System: Haiku, Zeta
System: Haiku Alpha 2
DosBox: DosBox Version 0.73
DOSBox GUI Version 0.91
Modules: libncurses.so, SDL Libraries
This tutorial will show you how to use the DOSBox GUI in oder to run games or applications. The DOSbox GUI was originally developed under Zeta. Later we port i t to Haiku. Everyone who knows the DOSBox GUI from Zeta does not have any problem to use it under Haiku because the program versions are completely identical.
Installation
In order to install the DOSBox GUI you need to install the DOSBox himself. For this tutorial we use the DOS Box version 0.73 from Haikuware. We did not get the available newer version on the alpha 2 for running.
To install the DOS Box, copy the unpacked DOSBox folder into /boot/apps folder. If it is a install package, just install it.
To run the DOS Box you need the SDL libaries. If you download a package without the SDL libraries, please download it from Haikuware and install it first. The DOSBox version we use for this tutorial have the libaries included, placed in the emulator folder.
We get the DOSBox GUI from the same site. We used for this tutorial the version 0.91. This version is a gcc2 version and does not run on gcc4 systems.
To install now the DOSBox GUI, unpack the zip file into the DOS Box folder in your /boot/apps folder.
dosboxgui copy
The DOSBox GUI is a yab application and needs the libncurses librarie. You can get it from Haikuware too. To install the librarie, unpack or copy the librarie file into the "/boot/home/config/lib" folder.
Then you start the DOSBox GUI first time, the application will create all needed folders and files by himself.
dosboxgui extracted
Using
Strictly speaking the DOSBox GUI is self-describing. To each option a Infobutton exists about which one gets the necessary information, which one can make with it respective attitude. Therefore I will declare here only with the fundamental things.
Starting an Application
To starting a application with the DOSBOX GUI is very simple, you only need to indicate a source and start then the emulator. You dont need to setup the emulator to do this, because it exists a standard configuration.
dosboxgui view
We have two possible ways to start the application. The first one is to add a path to the programfolder in order to emulate this as harddisk c: or you can add the application file himself in order to start it directly.
The second way is the most used one, because you only need to emulate a harddisk c to make any settings for the application (Installation, Configuration, Sound, Grafic...).
To add a folder mark the check box "Directory" in the Source area (Standard). Then push the "v" button to browse the system. Select the source folder and push the "Open" button. If the path was recognized correctly, you can see it in the textcontrol beside the check box.
To add a program file mark the check box "File" in the source area. Then push the "v" button to browse the system. Select the source file (application.exe, application.bat) and push the "Open" button. If the path was recognized correctly, you can see it in the textcontrol beside the check box.
To start the emulation push the "Start" button.
dosboxgui app
Profiles
The DOSBox GUI offers a profile function, over which you can store and load stored emulator attitudes. To load a profile, make a doubleclick on the profile in the profiles list.
Creating a Profile
If you have allready configurate a application and want to start it every time with the same settings, you can store this settings in a profile.
To do this, open the settings menu and select under "Profile" the option "save" or use the "Save Profile" button.
If you want to store a picture as preview in the profile use the "v" button in the "Preview" area. Browse the system for the Picture of your choice and push then the "Open" button. The picture needs for a optimal representation a width of 210 pixels and a height of 132 pixels.
Finally enter a name for the profile and push "Save" to add the preview. After this you see the added profile in the "Profiles" list.
Delete a Profile
To delete a profile, mark it in the "Profiles" list and select in the settings menu the option "delete" under "Profile".
Config Generator
For those who have experience with DOS and the hardware of DOS times we add a config generator into the DOSBox GUI. With this generator you can create your own configuration files. To open the Config Generator select in the "Extras" menu the option "ConfigGenerator".
Over the menu option "Generator" of the ConfigGenerator you can load, store or delete configuration files.
To select a config file use the "v" button at "Config." in the "Configuration" area.
Tutorial and Translation by Christian Albrecht (Lelldorin) February 2011
Made available by BeSly, the BeOS, Haiku and Zeta knowledge base. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Poems for Children Sigourney 1836.pdf/87
Bring wreaths, green wreaths, our joyful hands Their glowing tints shall twine, To celebrate our Saviour's birth, The "Children's Friend" divine, Who drew them to his favouring arms When sterner souls forbade, And kindly on his sheltering breast Their heads reposing laid.
But He, the babe of Bethlehem slept Uncradled and unsought, No joyful bands with songs of praise Sweet buds and blossoms brought, But horned brutes, with heavy tread Their manger's guest survey'd, And stupid oxen watch'd the bed Where Earth's Redeemer laid.
Sister, bring flowers! the winter-rose Shall in our garland bloom | WIKI |
User:Arpit R. Gupta/sandbox
Arpit R. Gupta is an Indian author who has written the book “Vrindavan: The holy place”. His father's name is Rajesh Gupta and mother's name is Neetu Gupta. | WIKI |
George Bemis (lawyer)
George Bemis (October 13, 1816 – January 5, 1878) was an American lawyer and legal scholar. He was involved with many unique cases and was an advocate of international law and the reform of the treatment of criminals.
Early life and education
George was born at Watertown, Massachusetts, the youngest son of Seth and Sarah (Wheeler) Bemis. A conscientious and diligent student, at the age of 13, he passed the entrance exam to Harvard College in 1829. Instead of enrolling at such a young age, he continued with his studies for three more years. He matriculated into the sophomore class in 1832 and graduated in 1835. He continued his studies by enrolling in Harvard Law School. He completed his formal education in 1839 and was admitted into the Massachusetts Bar in July 1839.
Career
Bemis was one of the most esteemed lawyers in Boston during the 1850s and developed a profitable law practice while being involved in many famous legal proceedings. Bemis was a crusader for reform of the penal code in Massachusetts, especially laws that allowed a defendant's previous convictions to extend his current sentence.
In 1843 he was involved with the case of Abner Rodgers, an inmate at the Massachusetts State Penitentiary accused of killing the warden of that prison. During his defense of Rodgers, Bemis argued that the man was insane and not responsible for his actions. Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw issued an opinion that became the American authority on insanity pleas during criminal prosecution.
The second major case that Bemis was involved in was the Parkman-Webster murder case. Bemis acted as co-counsel to Massachusetts Attorney General John H. Clifford in prosecuting Harvard professor John White Webster for the death of George Parkman. Bemis was selected and paid $1,500 by the Parkman family to represent their interests in the case against Webster. This case was one of the first to use forensic dentistry and circumstantial evidence to prove a defendant's guilt.
In addition to serving as a lawyer for these landmark cases, he also acted as a court reporter during each trial. He eventually published his notes on each trial as the official transcription of the cases. The author Robert Sullivan, in his book on the case, characterized the published transcripts from the Webster trial were considered to be heavily edited and "slanted" to justify the execution of Dr. Webster.
In 1858 Bemis suffered a hemorrhage in his lungs while arguing a case regarding railroads. Subsequently he moved to southern France for the remainder of his life. During this time in Europe, he focused on the study of public law; he published many pamphlets about neutrality in response to British positions on these topics. He died in Nice, France on January 18, 1878.
Legacy and honors
* 1865, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
* Bemis Professor of International Law, the first of the professorial positions at Harvard Law School, was endowed in his will. "In his retirement he came to appreciate the need for an endowed chair which would support the advancement of knowledge and goodwill between governments. The Bemis Chair is given to a professor who is a "practical cooperator," has had a connection with public life, and is capable of seeing the United States as one nation among many." The chair is currently held by Jonathan Zittrain, and was previously held by Noah Feldman and Louis B. Sohn. | WIKI |
Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station
The Palo Verde Generating Station is a nuclear power plant located near Tonopah, Arizona, in western Arizona. It is located about 45 miles west of downtown Phoenix. Palo Verde generates the most electricity out of any power plant in the United States per year, being listed as the largest power plant by net generation as of 2021. Palo Verde also has the third-largest rated capacity of any U.S power plant. It is a critical asset to the Southwest, generating approximately 32 million megawatt-hours annually.
Its average electric power production is about 3.3 gigawatts (GW), and this power serves about four million people. The Arizona Public Service Company (APS) operates and owns 29.1% of the plant. Its other major owners include the Salt River Project (20.2%), the El Paso Electric Company (15.8%), Southern California Edison (15.8%), PNM Resources (7.5%), the Southern California Public Power Authority (5.9%), and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (5.7%). APS was granted a 20-year license extension to operate through 2045 for Unit 1, 2046 for Unit 2, and 2047 for Unit 3, with the option to submit a subsequent license renewal application for extended operation.
The Palo Verde Generating Station is located in the Arizona desert and is the only large nuclear power plant in the world that is not located near a large body of water. The power plant evaporates the water from the treated sewage from several nearby cities and towns to provide the cooling of the steam that it produces.
Description
The Palo Verde Generating Station is located on 4000 acre of land, and it consists of three pressurized water reactors, each with an original capacity to produce 1.27 GW of electric power. After a power up-rate, each reactor is able to produce 1.4 GW of electric power. The usual power production capacity is about 70 to 95 percent of this. This nuclear power plant is a major source of electric power for the densely populated parts of Southern Arizona and Southern California, e.g. the Phoenix, and Tucson, Arizona, Las Vegas, Nevada, Los Angeles, and San Diego, California metropolitan areas.
The Palo Verde Generating Station produces about 35 percent of the electric power that is generated in Arizona. It became fully operational by 1988, took twelve years to build and cost about 5.9 billion dollars. The power plant employs about 2,055 full-time employees.
The Palo Verde Generating Station supplied electricity at an operating cost (including fuel and maintenance) of 4.3 cents per kilowatt-hour in 2015. In 2002, Palo Verde supplied electricity at 1.33 cents per kilowatt-hour; that price was cheaper than the cost of coal (2.26 cents per kW·h) or natural gas (4.54 cents per kW·h) in the region, but more expensive than hydroelectric power (0.63 cents per kW·h). Also in 2002, the wholesale value of the electricity produced was 2.5 cents per kW·h. By 2007, the wholesale value of electricity at the Palo Verde Generating Station was 6.33 cents per kW·h.
At the time of its 2011 license renewal, the Arizona Public Service Company reported that since its commissioning, Palo Verde's electricity production had offset the emission of almost 484 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (the equivalent of taking up to 84 million cars off the road for one year); more than 253,000 metric tons of sulfur dioxide; and 618,000 metric tons of nitrogen oxide. The company noted, "If Palo Verde were to cease operation at the end of the original license, replacement cost of natural gas generation—the least expensive alternative—would total $36 billion over the 20-year license renewal period."
Bechtel Power Corporation was the Architect/ Engineer/ Constructor for the facility initially under the direction of the Arizona Nuclear Power Project (a joint APS/SRP endeavor), later managed exclusively by Arizona Public Service. Edwin E. Van Brunt was the key APS executive in charge of engineering, construction, and early operations of the plant. William G. Bingham was the Bechtel Chief Engineer for the project. Arthur von Boennighausen was one of the Owner's Representatives for Arizona Public Service.
At its location in the Arizona desert, Palo Verde is the only nuclear generating facility in the world that is not located adjacent to a large body of above-ground water. The facility evaporates water from the treated sewage of several nearby municipalities to meet its cooling needs. Up to 26 billion US gallons (~100,000,000 m³) of treated water are evaporated each year. This water represents about 25% of the annual overdraft of the Arizona Department of Water Resources Phoenix Active Management Area. At the nuclear plant site, the wastewater is further treated and stored in an 85 acre reservoir and a 45 acre reservoir for use in the plant's wet cooling towers.
The nuclear power heated steam system for each unit was designed and supplied by Combustion Engineering, designated the System 80 standard design–a predecessor of the newer standard System 80+ design. Each primary system originally supplied 3.817 GW of thermal power to the secondary (steam) side of each plant. The design is a so-called 2 × 4, with each of four main reactor coolant pumps circulating more than 60,000 gallons per minute of primary-side water through 2 large steam generators.
The main turbine generators were supplied by General Electric. When installed, they were the largest in the world, capable of generating 1.447 GW of electricity each. They remain the largest 60 Hz turbine generators. Unlike most multi-unit nuclear power plants, each unit at Palo Verde is an independent power plant, sharing only a few minor systems. The reactor containment buildings are some of the largest in the world at about 2.6 Mcuft enclosed. The three containment domes over the reactors are made of 4 ft thick concrete.
The facility's design incorporates features to enhance safety by addressing issues identified earlier in the operation of commercial nuclear reactors. The design is also one of the most spacious internally, providing exceptional room for the conduct of operations and maintenance by the operating staff. The Palo Verde 500 kV switchyard is a key point in the western states' power grid and is used as a reference point in the pricing of electricity across the southwest United States. Many 500 kV power lines from companies like Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric send power generated at the plant to Los Angeles and San Diego via Path 46, respectively. In addition, due to both the strategic interconnections of the substation and the large size of the generating station, the Western Electricity Coordinating Council considers a simultaneous loss of 2 of the 3 units the worst-case contingency for system stability.
The owners applied for a construction permit for two additional units in the late 1970s. These units were cancelled for economic-risk reasons before the permits were issued. Those two additional units would not have been on the same geometric arc as the three existing units; instead, they would have been arranged south of Unit 3 on a north–south axis.
The existing units are the only commercial reactors in use in the United States that were engineered to operate on 100% MOX fuel cores. Because nuclear fuel is not reprocessed in the United States, the reactors have always operated on fresh UOX fuel.
Security
Palo Verde was of such strategic importance that it and Phoenix were purported to be target locations in war plans of the Soviet Union during the Cold War. In March 2003, National Guard troops were dispatched to protect the site during the launch of the Iraq War amidst fears of a terrorist attack.
The site and the nearby town of Tonopah remain a focus of homeland security, ranking in importance with Arizona's major cities, military bases, ports of entry, and tourist sites.
As in all nuclear power plants in the United States, security guards working there are armed with rifles. They check identification and search vehicles entering the plant. Other security measures protect the reactors, including X-ray machines, explosive "sniffers", and heavy guarded turnstiles that require special identification to open.
On 2 November 2007, a pipe with gunpowder residue was found in the bed of a contract worker's pickup truck during normal screening of vehicles. It was confirmed by the local police to contain explosives. Arizona Public Service then initiated a seven-hour security lockdown of the plant, allowing no one to enter or exit the plant. The site declared a Notification of Unusual Event, which is the lowest of four Emergency Plan event classifications.
On the nights of September 29 and September 30, 2019, the airspace over the facility was violated by aerial drones. On the first night, five or six drones were reported to be flying around Unit 3, which houses one of the site's reactors. At least four were reported during the second incursion on September 30. Subsequent investigations involved the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the FBI, the Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Aviation Administration and local law enforcement. However the identity of the operator or operators, and the purpose of the incursions remains unknown.
Safety concerns
In an Arizona Republic article dated February 22, 2007, it was announced that the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) had decided to place Palo Verde into Category 4, making it one of the most closely monitored nuclear power plants in the United States. The decision was made after the INPO discovered that electrical relays in a diesel generator did not function during tests in July and September 2006.
The finding came as the "final straw" for INPO, after Palo Verde had several citations over safety concerns and violations over the preceding years, starting with the finding of a 'dry pipe' in the plant's emergency core-cooling system in 2004.
During a March 24, 2009, public meeting, the NRC announced that it cleared the Confirmatory Action Letter (CAL), and has returned Palo Verde to Column 1 on the NRC Action Matrix. The commission's letter stated that "The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has determined that the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station has made sufficient performance improvement that it can reduce its level of inspection oversight." "Performance at Palo Verde has improved substantially and we are adjusting our oversight accordingly," said Elmo E. Collins, NRC's Region IV Administrator. "But we will closely monitor the plant. We are reducing our oversight, but not our vigilance."
To address safety concerns, 58 nuclear sirens were installed within a 10-mile radius of the plant. This area is designated as the EPZ (Emergency Planning Zone). The sirens will wail periodically in the event of any nuclear emergency.
History
The selection of the site for Palo Verde was controversial. Critics claim that the site was not the first choice because it was in the middle of the desert, it had little or no water supply, and it had prevailing westerly winds. These would have put the Phoenix-Mesa metropolitan area into jeopardy in the event of a major accident. Critics claimed that that site was selected over alternatives because it was owned by a relative of Keith Turley, a person who received almost two million dollars for the land. Keith Turley was the president of APS, and also a member of the "Phoenix 40".
Units 1 and 2 went into commercial operation in 1986 and Unit 3 in 1988.
On November 18, 2005, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission announced approval of power up-rates at two of Palo Verde's reactors. According to the NRC press release, "The power up-rates at each unit, located near Phoenix, Arizona, increases the net generating capacity of the reactors from 1,270 to 1,313, and 1,317 megawatts of electric power respectively, for Units 1 and 3.
On April 21, 2011, the NRC renewed the operating licenses for Palo Verde's three reactors, extending their service lives from forty to sixty years.
Seismic risk
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at Palo Verde was 1 in 26,316, ranking it #18 in the nation according to an NRC study published in August 2010.
Surrounding population
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: a plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of 10 mi, concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination, and an ingestion pathway zone of about 50 mi, concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity.
The 2010 U.S. population within 10 mi of Palo Verde was 4,255, an increase of 132.9 percent in a decade, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data for msnbc.com. The 2010 U.S. population within 50 mi was 1,999,858, an increase of 28.6 percent since 2000. Cities within 50 miles include Phoenix (47 mi to city center). | WIKI |
Page:Poems of Emma Lazarus vol 2.djvu/40
Rh Then smiling, thou unveil'dst, O two-faced year, A virgin world where doors of sunset part, Saying, " Ho, all who weary, enter here ! There falls each ancient harrier that the art Of race or creed or rank devised, to rear Grhn hulwarked hatred hetween heart and heart ! " 1883. angels visit earth, the messengers Of Grod's decree, they come as lightning, wind: Before the throne, they all are living fire. There stand four rows of angels— to the right The hosts of Michael, Gabriel's to the left. Before, the troop of Ariel, and behind, The ranks of Raphael; all, with one accord, Chanting the glory of the Everlasting. Upon the high and holy throne there rests, Invisible, the Majesty of God. About his brows the crown of mystery Whereon the sacred letters are engraved Of the unutterable Name. He grasps A sceptre of keen fire; the universe Is compassed in His glance; at His right hand Life stands, and at His left hand standeth Death. | WIKI |
It's the Xinrui Ma
Blog
119. Pascal’s Triangle II
Posted by in LeetCode on
Given a non-negative index k where k ≤ 33, return the kth index row of the Pascal’s triangle.
Note that the row index starts from 0.
In Pascal’s triangle, each number is the sum of the two numbers directly above it.
Example:
Follow up:
Could you optimize your algorithm to use only O(k) extra space?
Solution:
Start to fill the array from end to beginning, that’s the key
result[j] = result[j-1]+result[j]
So j depends on the previous element in the array, if we fill the array from beginning to end, the previous element will be changed, if we start from the end, and result[j] all set to 0 at first except result[0] = 1, result[j]’s value won’t get changed during the loop.
Space complexity is O(k), time complexity is O(n2).
JavaScript: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Swiss Family Robinson - 1851.djvu/45
him with his cruelty, but he was quite unconcerned, and continued to walk after Fritz. The little monkey seemed uneasy at the sight of him, and crept into Fritz's bosom, much to his inconvenience. But a thought struck him; he tied the monkey with a cord to Turk's back, leading the dog by another cord, as he was very rebellious at first; but our threats and caresses at last induced him to submit to his burden. We proceeded slowly, and I could not help anticipating the mirth of my little ones, when they saw us approach like a pair of show-men.
I advised Fritz not to correct the dogs for attacking and killing unknown animals. Heaven bestows the dog on man, as well as the horse, for a friend and protector. Fritz thought we were very fortunate, then, in having two such faithful dogs; he only regretted that our horses had died on the passage, and only left us the ass.
"Let us not disdain the ass," said I; "I wish we had him here; he is of a very fine breed, and would be as useful as a horse to us."
In such conversations, we arrived at the banks of our river before we were aware. Flora barked to announce our approach, and Turk answered so loudly, that the terrified little monkey leaped from his back to the shoulder of its protector, and would not come down. Turk ran off to meet his companion, and our dear family soon appeared on the opposite shore, shouting with joy at our happy return. We crossed at the same place as we had done in the morning, and embraced each other. Then began such a noise of exclamations. "A monkey! a real, live monkey! Ah! how delightful! How glad we are! How did you catch him?" | WIKI |
The topic provides step by step instructions for setting up the following configuration:
• a stand-alone LabKey Server installation
• a Remote Pipeline Server (running on a different machine)
• a JMS service for communication between these servers
Steps:
1. Set Up a Shared File System
2. Set Up a JMS Queue
3. Install LabKey Server
4. Install Remote Pipeline Service
#1. Set up a Shared File System
• Decide on the location where the source data files will reside.
• Share out this directory as a network share so that the Remote Pipeline Server machine can mount it.
• Mount the directory, mapping it to a drive.
• Record the network share and the mapped drive for use later in the Remote Pipeline Server installation wizard. In the wizard, these paths are referred to as:
• LabKey Server webserver path to data files
• Pipeline Remote Server path data files
#2. Set up a JMS Queue
As you install the JMS queue, record these values for use later in the Remote Pipeline Server installation wizard:
• Host
• Port
The pipeline requires a JMS Queue to transfer messages between the different pipeline services. The LabKey Server currently supports the ActiveMQ JMS Queue from the Apache Software Foundation.
JMS: Installation Steps
1. Choose a server on which to run the JMS Queue
2. Install the Java Runtime Environment
3. Install and Configure ActiveMQ
4. Test the ActiveMQ Installation
Choose a server to run the JMS Queue
ActiveMQ supports all major operating systems (including Windows, Linux, Solaris and Mac OSX). It is common, but not required, for it to be deployed on the LabKey Server web server. For this documentation we will assume you are installing on a Linux based server.
Install the Java Runtime Environment
1. Download the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) from http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp
2. Install the JRE to the chosen directory.
3. Create the JAVA_HOME environmental variable to point at your installation directory.
Install and Configure ActiveMQ
Note: LabKey currently supports ActiveMQ 5.1.0 only.
Download and Unpack the distribution
1. Download ActiveMQ from ActiveMQ's download site
2. Unpack the binary distribution from into /usr/local
1. This will create /usr/local/apache-activemq-5.1.0
3. Create the environmental variable <ACTIVEMQ_HOME> and have it point at /usr/local/apache-activemq-5.1.0
Configure logging for the ActiveMQ server
To log all messages sent through the JMSQueue, add the following to the <broker> node in the config file located at <ACTIVEMQ-HOME>/conf/activemq.xml
<plugins>
<!-- lets enable detailed logging in the broker -->
<loggingBrokerPlugin/>
</plugins>
During the installation and testing of the ActiveMQ server, you might want to show the debug output for the JMS Queue software. You can enable this by editing the file <ACTIVEMQ-HOME>/conf/log4j.properties
uncomment
#log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, stdout, out
and comment out
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout, out
Authentication, Management and Configuration
1. Configure JMX to allow us to use Jconsole and the JMS administration tools monitor the JMS Queue
2. We recommend configuring Authentication for your ActiveMQ server. There are number of ways to implement authentication. See http://activemq.apache.org/security.html
3. We recommend configuring ActiveMQ to create the required Queues at startup. This can be done by adding the following to the configuration file <ACTIVEMQ-HOME>/conf/activemq.xml
<destinations>
<queue physicalName="job.queue" />
<queue physicalName="status.queue" />
</destinations>
Start the server
To start the ActiveMQ server, you can execute the command below. This command will start the ActiveMQ server with the following settings
• Logs will be written to <ACTIVEMQ_HOME>/data/activemq.log
• StdOut will be written to /usr/local/apache-activemq-5.1.0/smlog
• JMS Queue messages, status information, etc will be stored in <ACTIVEMQ_HOME>/data
• job.queue Queue and status.queue will be durable and persistant. (I.e., messages on the queue will be saved through a restart of the process.)
• We are using AMQ Message Store to store Queue messages and status information
To start the server, execute
<ACTIVEMQ_HOME>/bin/activemq-admin start xbean:<ACTIVEMQ_HOME>/conf/activemq.xml > <ACTIVEMQ_HOME>/smlog 2>&1 &
Monitoring JMS Server, Viewing JMS Queue configuration and Viewing messages on a JMS Queue.
Using the ActiveMQ management tools
Browse the messages on queue by running
<ACTIVEMQ_HOME>/bin/activemq-admin browse --amqurl tcp://localhost:61616 job.queue
View runtime configuration, usage and status of the server information by running
<ACTIVEMQ_HOME>/bin/activemq-admin query
Using Jconsole
Here is a good quick description of using Jconsole to test your ActiveMQ installation. Jconsole is an application that is shipped with the Java Runtime. The management context to connect to is
service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi
#3. Install LabKey Server (on Linux)
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#4. Install Remote Pipeline Server (on Windows)
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Calming Your Nervous System
A “fired up” nervous system
If you’ve been diagnosed with a soft tissue problem, your central nervous system must be “calmed down” before you can be treated. Here’s why: treatment of soft tissue pain involves stretching and strengthening your muscles and ligaments, a process that requires significant force from your physical therapist in order to be effective. This manipulation of your inflamed tissues is painful; if the nervous system is also “fired up,” it will be intolerable.
Structural pain
I have observed some patients who had an identifiable structural problem causing enough pain to warrant surgery have their pain disappear utilizing Mind Body Syndrome treatment principles. It has been surprising to me to observe this. It appears that as the central nervous system calms down that the pain threshold is raised. Although there must be pain impulses still being fired at the brain they don’t stimulate the pain centers. I now implement these tools prior to any surgery.
Mind Body Syndrome
Your brain is connected to every cell in your body either chemically or by a direct connection. It is in a delicate balanced with every impulse balanced by an opposite signal. When there is an even a mild change in this system the nervous system can generate almost any symptom that it chooses. One of over 30 symptoms is chronic pain. You do not need a source of pain to experience pain. Your brain can generate it. Again, calming strategies are effective in relieving symptoms.
The variables affecting your brain
To start the process of calming your system, look at the DOCC Project and consider how to apply it to your own situation. Here are the central nervous system parts of the program:
• Sleep
• Meds
• Education
• Goal Setting
• Stress reduction/ reprogramming
All five of these factors impact the central nervous system, and they all need to be addressed. Leaving even one out will negatively effect your outcome.
The central nervous systems issues are about programming not psychology. As programmed pain pathways are permanent you must stimulate the creation of alternate pathways. The techniques to break up and reprogram your circuits involve specific techniques. They are not difficult but do require commitment and repetition.
BF | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Ubeidiya, Tiberias
Wikidata: mess
There is a problem with the relevant Wikidata entries. Currently, the depopulated Palestinian village of Al-'Ubaydiyya has the Wikidata entry Q4702134 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4702134). But the tell, Tell Ubeidiya, as an archaeological site, also has its own entry, as item Q2660882 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660882), which somebody connected to the prehistorical site of Ubeidiya, and that is totally WRONG. The tell (Tell Ubeidiya) is 400 m away from the site of Ubeidiya, and archaeologically speaking, the tell isn't even excavated and is of relatively little interest, as it is one among many Bronze & Iron Age tells in the region. Whereas Ubeidiya is the second-oldest site with traces of humans outside Africa. A difference of some 1,4 million years, 400 m, and a huge one in magnitude of scientific importance.
We need to decouple/disconnect Q2660882 (the tell) from Ubeidiya, and either connect it to Al-'Ubaydiyya (which, however, already has its own Wikidata entry, Q4702134), or leave it orphaned until the tell gets its own article, which might never happen. As far as I know, Tell Ubeidiya was the core location of Al-'Ubaydiyya, but the Wikidata entry concentrates on the tell being a very old archaeological site (be it the wrong one), not a relatively recent historical site. Right now, Tell Ubeidiya is only mentioned on Wikipedia as a sideline on the Ubeidiya page, and is there just because the confusion is so common and because the tell doesn't have a page of its own as an archaeological site. Wikidata is not my field, we have a big mess, maybe somebody who's more familiar with Wikidata can offer a solution. Thanks, Arminden (talk) 16:43, 28 July 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Dinotrux
Different colors needed for episode tables
I was looking at this article and I noticed that when I used the colorblind filter - - the table colors were hard to distinguish for the colorblind. Per WP:COLOR, can someone help find a different color for at least one of the tables? Electric Burst (Electron firings)(Zaps) 17:00, 8 June 2016 (UTC)
Statements about upcoming 4th season
Someone keeps adding back in the same 2 sentences at the end of the lede: "The fourth season was going to be released on April 22, 2019 but it has been postponed. The fourth season will be released on either September or October 2019."
There is so far no release date for this. Previously, the person adding these sentences linked to a cinamaholic article which simply speculates on a 4th season (and also provides no references, so is thus not a reliable source). I have added "Citation Needed" several times, and several others have done the same or even deleted the sentences, but they keep getting added back. We seem to be in 3-Revert-Rule Territory here, and I recommend we request an administrator's arbitration on the matter. -- Ishmayl (talk) 19:59, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
* UPDATE - The situation is continuing, but unfortunately, no one is reading this talk page and the edits are happening from random IP addresses. -- Ishmayl (talk) 17:37, 27 September 2019 (UTC)
* Anonymous IP 1 - 2602:306:BCAE:4750:E179:C725:1CDD:F6FD ( dif = https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dinotrux&type=revision&diff=917923743&oldid=917903867 )
* Anonymous IP 2 - 2602:306:BCAE:4750:ED81:DE42:1DDA:C1E2 (probably same as above) ( dif = https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dinotrux&type=revision&diff=915376453&oldid=915220158 )
* Anonymous IP 3 - 2602:306:bcae:4750:19b8:34b0:98fa:37d2 (probably same as above) ( dif = https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dinotrux&type=revision&diff=909078544&oldid=908804081 - Note that the ref provided leads to site with no information about date, as I said in talk above - not reliable)
* Anonymous IP 4 - <IP_ADDRESS> (this was a mobile edit, probably same as above, look at working of edit) ( dif = https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dinotrux&type=revision&diff=917732795&oldid=917631242 )
* --Ishmayl (talk) 18:10, 27 September 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
Fannie, Freddie to pay $5.6B dividends to U.S.
Settings Cancel Set Have an existing account? Already have a subscription? Don't have an account? Get the news Let friends in your social network know what you are reading about Mortgage-finance giants' incomes decline on slower rising home prices and smaller gains from legal settlements. A link has been sent to your friend's email address. A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs This conversation is moderated according to USA TODAY's community rules. Please read the rules before joining the discussion. The Fannie Mae headquarters in Washington in an August 2011 file photo.(Photo: Manuel Balce Ceneta AP) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac say they will pay a combined $5.6 billion in dividends to the government this fall, a 60% drop from a year ago when their profits got a larger boost from special gains. Almost six years after the government took over the mortgage-finance giants at the peak of the financial crisis, both companies are on stronger financial footing and have more than paid the cost of their bailouts. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac buy mortgages from lenders and hold or resell them to investors, an essential role that keeps money flowing in the mortgage market. They own or guarantee about half of all U.S. mortgages. Both companies remain under the control of federal regulators, and most of their profits are paid to the Treasury each quarter in the form of dividends on Treasury's preferred stock in the companies. Counting its expected September payment, Fannie Mae said Thursday that it will have paid a total of $130.5 billion in dividends to Treasury $14.4 billion more than it received in bailout funds since 2008. Freddie Mac said its dividends will total $88.2 billion, which is $16.8 billion more than it received. In separate earnings reports Thursday, Fannie Mae said its net income was $3.7 billion in the second quarter, while the smaller Freddie Mac reported $1.9 billion in net income. In the same quarter last year, Fannie Mae earned $10.1 billion, and Freddie Mac earned $5 billion. Slower appreciation in home prices this year than last has contributed to lower net incomes for the companies. Fannie and Freddie hold reserve funds to pay for expected losses on defaulted mortgages they own or guarantee. Rising home prices increase the value of the homes securing those mortgages and reduce the amounts that Fannie and Freddie need to hold in reserve, which, in turn, improves earnings. Higher house prices also increase what they recover when they sell foreclosed homes. Prices rose an average 2.7% in this year's second quarter, vs. 5.9% last year. Fannie and Freddie also benefited less from income from legal settlements than in past quarters. Settlements contributed $400 million to Freddie Mac's pre-tax profit in the second quarter, but $4.5 billion in the first quarter. At Fannie Mae, fees and other income including settlements totaled $383 million, compared with $4.4 billion in the first quarter. The companies' second-quarter results also reflect the continuing improvement in the housing market. Fannie Mae said the share of single-family home mortgages in its portfolio that are seriously delinquent has fallen to 2.05% in June, less than half the rate in early 2010. In the first half of this year, it acquired more than 63,000 single-family homes through foreclosure and held nearly 97,000 in inventory on June 30. In the first half of 2010, Fannie Mae took possession of more than 130,000 homes, and its inventory exceeded 129,000 as of June 30, 2010. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Hyaluronic acid - skin care ingredient review – skin18com
Ingredients, Natural ingredient, Special Ingredients -
Hyaluronic acid - skin care ingredient review
Hyaluronic acid - skin care ingredient review
Hyaluronic acid is generating a lot of interest in the beauty industry. This acid has been approved by the FDA for various treatments including procedures relating to the eyes, and osteoarthritis, apart from healing wounds and skin ulcers. In fact, the human body produces this acid in small quantities.
Nature of Hyaluronic acid:
For starters it is a carbohydrate. It has the unique ability to bond with water and form a gel like substance. It is this gel like composition, which is a non-fatty composition, which is effective as a lubricating compound in different parts of the body especially the eyes, muscles, joints, etc. The compound is also tissue friendly, which is also the reason why the cosmetic industry has developed special interest in it. The molecule of this acid also resists excessive compression. Effectively, this acid is used for providing the desired support to the otherwise sagging skin.
Skin and Hyaluronic acid
Though hyaluronic acid is present in different parts of the body, it is present more in the skin. Studies suggest that almost 50 percent of the human body’s hyaluronic acid can be found on the skin. But this percentage shifts with age. It comes down as one gets older, and thus needs to be supplemented.
What can hyaluronic acid offer to the beauty industry?
Hyaluronic acid is being promoted as an anti-aging compound because of its properties. This acid is an effective-
Function (1) Moisturizer
This property of the acid is useful for treating burns and wounds.
It is the same property that is being exploited by the cosmetics industry for reducing aging. Hyaluronic acid molecule’s ability to attract and attach itself to the water molecule plays a crucial role in the process.
As age increases, the skin starts losing its moisture and is unable to retain much. Therefore, supplementing it from external sources is one solution. By adding innocuous hyaluronic acid on the skin it is possible to retain moisture as well.
Function (2) Lubricates skins layers
This is another age related issue. The skin layers tend to shrink and move away. But by lubricating the layers, and behaving like a cushion between the layers, hyaluronic acid makes the skin feel smoother and softer. The reason for this is of course the structure of hyaluronic acid and its ability to give the desired level of support.
Function (3) Works as anti-oxidant
Free radicals attack other parts of the tissue, and disrupt them. The collagen in the skin becomes the victim of such attack from oxidants. With the collagen damaged, the skin has no structure to be firm on or a damaged structure to spread on. So the skin sags.
Therefore, free radicals need to be annihilated, and antioxidants do exactly that. But it is difficult to direct anti-oxidants to the desired locations. Antioxidants that can penetrate the skin are as necessary as other antioxidants that can be supplied by the body through its circulatory system. Hyaluronic acid is one of the few compounds that can be used as a topical serum as well as oral capsules. Moreover, it is also more effective when compared to many of the antioxidants, natural or otherwise.
Plastic Surgeons use Hyaluronic acid?
Plastic surgeons have already started using this acid. FDA’s approval of its usage for different purposes has helped in getting it the desired recognition. Because the compound is safe it is found in many over the counter oral and topical medications.
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1
I'm creating snapshot from HTML5 video, using this example. Video is hosted on 3rd party servers, that I can't control.
So I wanted to save image, but toDataURL failing because of security reason.
Here is error: Failed to execute 'toDataURL' on 'HTMLCanvasElement': Tainted canvases may not be exported.
I guess there is a solution for image. img.crossOrigin = "Anonymous" something like that. Here and here.
I tried videoDomElm.crossOrigin = "Anonymous", but no luck.
Is there any solution for video?
Thanks in advance.
1
crossOrigin='anonymous' is only half the solution to passing cross-domain security requirements. It causes the browser to read the response headers and not taint the canvas if the headers allow for cross-origin access of the content.
The other half of the solution is for the server to be configured to send the proper cross-origin permissions in its response headers. Without the server being configured to allow cross-origin access, the canvas will still be tainted.
The only ways to satisfy cross-origin security are:
1. Have the video originate on the same domain as your web pages.
2. Have the video server configured to send the appropriate cross-origin access in its headers.
There are no workarounds -- you must satisfy the security restrictions.
• Thank you for the explanation. – Delgermurun Apr 11 '15 at 0:14
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Page:Reflections upon ancient and modern learning (IA b3032449x).pdf/100
may have taken away a great part of the Strength of the Tongue, which, in the main, is true enough, yet that is no Objection against their Critical Skill in Grammar; upon which Account only their Labours are here taken notice of. So much for the Mechanical Part of Grammar.
Philosophical Grammar was never, that we know of, much minded by the Ancients. So that any great Performances of this sort are to be looked upon as Modern Increases to the Commonwealth of Learning. The most considerable Book of that kind, that I know of, is Bishop Wilkins's Essay towards a Real Character, and Philosophical Language: A Work, which those who have studied, think they can never commend enough. To this one ought to add, what may be found relating to the same Subject, in the Third Book of Mr. Lock's Essay of Humane Understanding. | WIKI |
The Apache helicopter is similar to a flying tank, it is designed to survive heavy attack and inflict massive damage
It is a quick-reacting, airborne weapon system that can fight close and deep to destroy, disrupt, or delay enemy forces. The Apache is designed to fight and survive during the day, night, and in adverse weather throughout the world. The principal mission of the Apache is the destruction of high-value targets with the Hellfire missiles. It is also capable of employing a Area Weapons System (AWS) 30 mm M230 chain gun and Hydra 70 (2.75 inch) rockets that are lethal against a wide variety of targets. The Apache has a full range of aircraft survivability equipment and has the ability to withstand hits from rounds up to 23 mm in critical areas.
The AH-64 Apache is a twin-engine, four bladed, multi-mission attack helicopter designed as a highly stable aerial weapons-delivery platform. It is designed to fight and survive during the day, night, and in adverse weather throughout the world. With a tandem-seated crew consisting of the pilot, located in the rear cockpit position and the co-pilot gunner (CPG), located in the front position, the Apache is self-deployable, highly survivable and delivers a lethal array of battlefield armaments. The Apache features a Target Acquisition Designation Sight (TADS) and a Pilot Night Vision Sensor (PNVS) which enables the crew to navigate and conduct precision attacks in day, night and adverse weather conditions as reported by FAS.org.
Apache helicopter: Eight Apache AH-64E combat helicopters were inducted into the Indian Air Force on September 3, 2019. Apache AH-64E is one of the world's most advanced attack helicopters with multi-role combat capabilities. The helicopters will provide a major boost to IAF's combat capabilities.
The induction ceremony of the Apache AH-64E helicopters took place at the Pathankot Air Force station. IAF Chief BS Dhanoa will be the chief guest of the induction ceremony.
Apache AH-64E: Significance
The Apache helicopter comprises the latest technology insertions and it is the only available attack helicopter with varied capabilities that make it suitable for any mission. The Apache’s capabilities range from greater thrust, lift and joint digital operability to cognitive decision aiding and improved survivability.
The Apache helicopter is customised to meet the commander’s needs including security, reconnaissance, lethal attack and peacekeeping operations in both land and littoral zones without the need of reconfiguration.
Apache Helicopter: Key Specifications
Contractors Boeing McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems(Mesa, AZ)
General Electric (Lynn, MA)
Martin Marietta (Orlando, FL)
PropulsionTwo T700-GE-701Cs
CrewTwo
AH-64E (IAF Version)
Length
58.17 ft (17.73 m)
Height15.24 ft (4.64 m)
Wing Span17.15 ft (5.227 m)
Primary Mission Gross Weight15,075 lb (6838 kg)
11,800 pounds Empty
Hover In-Ground Effect (MRP)15,895 ft (4845 m)
[Standard Day]
14,845 ft (4525 m)
[Hot Day ISA + 15C]
Hover Out-of-Ground Effect (MRP)12,685 ft (3866 m)
[Sea Level Standard Day]
11,215 ft (3418 m)
[Hot Day 2000 ft 70 F (21 C)]
Vertical Rate of Climb (MRP)2,175 fpm (663 mpm)
[Sea Level Standard Day]
2,050 fpm (625 mpm)
[Hot Day 2000 ft 70 F (21 C)]
Maximum Rate of Climb (IRP)2,915 fpm (889 mpm)
[Sea Level Standard Day]
2,890 fpm (881 mpm)
[Hot Day 2000 ft 70 F (21 C)]
Maximum Level Flight Speed150 kt (279 kph)
[Sea Level Standard Day]
153 kt (284 kph)
[Hot Day 2000 ft 70 F (21 C)]
Cruise Speed (MCP)150 kt (279 kph)
[Sea Level Standard Day]
153 kt (284 kph)
[Hot Day 2000 ft 70 F (21 C)]
Range400 km - internal fuel
1,900 km - internal and external fuel
Table Courtesy: FAS
The Apache helicopter is similar to a flying tank, it is designed to survive heavy attack and inflict massive damage.
The combat helicopter can zero in on specific targets, regardless of whether it is day or night or even when weather is not suitable.
The Apache is one of the most lethal helicopters with the most advanced flight systems, weapons systems, sensor systems and armour systems.
Apache Double Tail Rotors
The core structure of the helicopter is like any other helicopter. The Apache has double tail rotors with two blades each. However, the rotor is optimised to provide much greater agility than you find in a typical helicopter.
The core structure of each blade comprises five stainless steel arms called spars that are surrounded by a fibreglass skeleton. While the trailing edge of each blade is covered with a sturdy graphite composite material, the leading edge is made of titanium.
The titanium is strong enough to survive brushes with trees and other minor obstacles, which is ideal if the Apache is required to sneak up on targets and to avoid an attack. Further, the Apache's blades and wings detach for easier transport.
Hellfire Missile
The Hellfire missile is the primary weapon of the Apache helicopter. The missile is like a mini aircraft, it has its own guidance computer, steering control and propulsion system.
The missile carries a payload that is highly explosive and powerful enough to take down the heaviest tank.
Apache Hydra Rocket Launchers
The Apache has two Hydra rocket launchers, each launcher carries 19 aerial rockets, secured in launching tubes. The rockets can be fired one at a time or even in groups. The rockets might be armed with high-power explosives or just smoke-producing materials.
In one configuration, the rocket delivers several sub-munitions, small bombs that separate from the rocket in the air and fall on targets below.
Apache Chain Gun
The Apache also comprises the automatic cannon, which is a chain gun that is powered by an electric motor. The electric motor rotates the chain that slides the bolt assembly back and forth to load, fire, extract and eject cartridges.
The chain gun is different from an ordinary machine gun, which uses the force of the cartridge explosion or flying bullet to move the bolt.
Apache Controls
The Apache has two cockpit sections. While the pilot sits in the back, the gunner sits in the front. The rear section is slightly raised so that the pilot can see clearly. Both sections of the cockpit include flight and firing controls in case one pilot needs to take over the full operation. The Apache is capable to be in an automatic hovering position for a short period of time.
Apache Sensors
The Apache has sophisticated sensor equipment. The Apache Longbow can detect surrounding ground forces, aircraft and buildings using a radar dome mounted to the mast. The pilot and the gunner both will have night vision sensors to operate at night.
Apache Armour Protection
The Apache is designed to keep out of range and evade enemy radar scanning. The helicopter is designed specially to fly low on the ground and evade heat-seeking missiles by reducing its infrared signature.
The Apache is also heavily armoured on all sides. The cockpit is protected with layers of bulletproof glass and reinforced armour. Boeing claims that every part of the helicopter can survive 12.7-mm rounds and vital engine and rotor components can withstand 23-mm fire.
The area surrounding the cockpit has been designed to deform during a collision, except for the cockpit cover. During a crash, the deformed areas will absorb a lot of the impact force, so that the collision isn't as hard on the crew.
The seats of the pilot and the gunner are also outfitted with heavy Kevlar armour, which can also absorb the force of impact.
Critical Force Multiplier Purchase
The IAF received the first Apache helicopter from Boeing in May 2019. By July 27, the first four of the 22 Apache combat helicopters were handed over to the IAF by Boeing. The first deliveries are ahead of schedule. The IAF is expected to operate all 22 Apache combat helicopters by 2020.
India had signed a multi-billion dollar contract for 22 of these helicopters with the US and the American aircraft manufacturer Boeing Ltd in September 2015. (Text Courtesy Sangeeta Krishnan JJ)
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Hom Nguyen
Hom Nguyen (born 20 September 1972) is a French painter of Vietnamese origin. His works are mostly portraits in a figurative style. He lives and works in Paris.
Early life
Thi Lan Nguyen, Hom Nguyen's mother left Vietnam at the end of the 1960s for France and settled in Paris. In 1972 she gave birth to her only child, Hom Nguyen. Following a 1978 car accident, his mother was paraplegic. In an interview with artist and musician Manu Katché, Nguyen says : "My only family was my mother. She couldn't work with her disability, that's why I left school at a young age and started working". In 2009 his mother died. Hom Nguyen, a shoe salesman at this time, decided to devote himself to drawing and painting.
Career
Hom Nguyen is a self-taught artist and never took drawing lessons. His painting is figurative. He began by painting huge portraits of celebrities. From then on he would create more personal works of women and children, echoes of his past. He realizes his works on canvas in different mediums, pencil, pastels, china ink, charcoal, acrylic, and oil. On the occasion of the 2016 edition of the contemporary Paris Art Fair, organised at the Grand Palais in Paris, the President of the Republic François Hollande was shown his work. His work on the representation of the human figure was presented in multiple solo and group exhibitions around the world through international contemporary art fairs. In the Bangkok Post, Hom Nguyen says that he is the bearer of a dual western and eastern culture, and he is working to open a wider cultural platform, a link between France and Asia. In 2019, in collaboration with the museum La Monnaie de Paris and Vogue magazine, he painted a portrait of Michelle Obama. The artwork was auctioned by Christie's and funds raised were pledged to be donated to support gender equality and women's empowerment, led by United Nations Women. That same year he donated a portrait of Édith Piaf which to be exhibited at the entrance to the Meyniel wing of the Tenon Hospital where Piaf was born in 1915. The artist then participated in the commemoration of the 250th anniversary of Napoleon Bonaparte, by making a contemporary portrait of the emperor for the Tour du Sel in Calvi. Hom Nguyen was made Knight of the National Order of Merit of France on 24 November 2021.
In December 2021, the Musée de l'Homme took up the issue of the under-representation of people of diversity in public space. Hom Nguyen created, for the exhibition Portraits de France, a work representing Aimé Césaire.
In May 2022, the artist donated a work to the Hôtel National des Invalides to support wounded soldiers and bereaved families from all armies.
In 2024, the french Post Office is celebrating Charles Aznavour 100th birth anniversary. A collector’s stamp bearing the singer’s image is produced by Hom Nguyen.
Artwork
Hom Nguyen uses many relatively different materials such as oil, acrylic, ink, gouache felt, Indian ink or charcoal. The artist's work is part of an introspective approach, echoes of a resilient memory, in which questions of integration and immigration resonate, sometimes very contemporary, at others more contemplative.
Exhibitions
* 2023 : Musée d’art et d’histoire Paul-Éluard, solo show, Saint Denis, France.
* 2023 : Musée de la Légion Étrangère, Monsieur Légionnaire portrait, France.
* 2023 : Atelier Grognard, art center, solo show, Rueil Malmaison, France.
* 2022 : Hôtel National des Invalides, collective exhibition, France.
* 2021 : Aimé Césaire, work produced for the exhibition Portraits de France, Musée de l'Homme, France.
* 2021: Musée de La Monnaie de Paris, collective exhibition, Togeth'her, Madame Figaro iconic's women, France.
* 2021: Art Central Hong Kong, art fair, Hong Kong.
* 2021: Place des arts, outside solo show, Les Valeurs Humaines, Cergy Pontoise, France.
* 2021: Abbé Pierre Fondation, donation, France.
* 2020: Not a Gallery, solo show, Empreintes, France.
* 2019: Miaja Gallery, solo show, Racines, Singapore.
* 2019: Camp Raffalli, Solo show, Corse, France.
* 2019: L'embarcadère, cultural space, solo show, Racines, Montceau-les-mines, France.
* 2019: Tour du Sel Calvi, Solo show, Racines, Corse, France.:
* 2019: Chateau de Madame Graffigny, solo show, Racines, Villers-lès-nancy, France.
* 2019: Tenon hospital, donation, Edith Piaf, France.
* 2019: Musée de la Monnaie de Paris, Collective exhibition, Togeth'her, Magazine Vogue, France.
* 2019: S.A.C Gallery, collective exhibition, So What, Bangkok, Thailand.
* 2018: A2Z Gallery, solo show, You Man, Hong Kong.
* 2018: Art Paris art fair, Grand Palais, represented by A2Z Gallery, France.
* 2018: Station, solo show, Voyage, Paris, France.
* 2018: A2Z Gallery, solo show, Dark Side, Paris, France.
* 2018: Sofitel, solo show, Life's Doodle, Bangkok, Thailand.
* 2017: Montresso Art fondation, solo show, Lignes de vies, Marrakech, Morocco.
* 2017: A2Z Gallery, solo show, Trajectoire, Paris, France.
* 2017: Le Carmel, solo show, Tarbes, France.
* 2017: Art Central Hong Kong, art fair, represented by A2Z gallery, Hong Kong.
* 2016: Asia Now, art fair, represented by A2Z gallery, Paris, France.
* 2016 : A2Z Gallery, solo show, Inner cry, Paris, France.
* 2016: Metis Gallery, solo show, Sans repaires, Bali.
* 2016: Art Paris art fair, Grand Palais, represented by A2Z Gallery, France.
* 2016: Art Central Hong Kong, art fair, represented by A2Z gallery, Hong Kong.
* 2015: Art Paris art fair, Grand Palais, represented by A2Z Gallery, France.
* 2015: A2Z Gallery, solo show, Le combat du siècle, Paris, France. | WIKI |
Error Handling With Extended Events, Part 2
Dave Mason continues his discussion of using Extended Events to handle errors:
In the last post, we explored a couple of examples of using Extended Events to enhance T-SQL error handling. There was some potential there. But a hard-coded SPID was necessary: we couldn’t use the code examples for anything automated. It was cumbersome, too. Let’s change that, shall we?
To make the code easier to work with, I moved most of it into three stored procs: one each to create an XEvent session, get the XEvent session data, and drop the XEvent session. There’s also a table type. This will negate the need to declare a temp table over and over. The four objects can be created in any database you choose. I opted to create them in [tempdb]. The code for each is below in the four tabs.
This is a very interesting solution.
Kinesis Analytics
Kevin Feasel
2016-09-19
Cloud
Ryan Nienhuis shows how to implement Amazon Kinesis Analytics:
As I covered in the first post, streaming data is continuously generated; therefore, you need to specify bounds when processing data to make your result set deterministic. Some SQL statements operate on individual rows and have natural bounds, such as a continuous filter that evaluates each row based upon a defined SQL WHERE clause. However, SQL statements that process data across rows need to have set bounds, such as calculating the average of particular column. The mechanism that provides these bounds is a window.
Windows are important because they define the bounds for which you want your query to operate. The starting bound is usually the current row that Amazon Kinesis Analytics is processing, and the window defines the ending bound.
Windows are required with any query that works across rows, because the in-application stream is unbounded and windows provide a mechanism to bind the result set and make the query deterministic. Analytics supports three types of windows: tumbling, sliding, and custom.
The concepts here are very similar to Azure’s Stream Analytics.
Improving HBase Cluster Restart Time
Nitin Verma explains how to re-create an HBase cluster a bit faster:
When flush ‘table’ operation is triggered, all the regions belonging to that table will flush independently. Once the HFile corresponding to a region is flushed, it records the max sequence id in metadata and notifies the WAL corresponding to the regionserver. WAL maintains a mapping table for regions and their corresponding flushed sequence id’s. When the HBase cluster restarts, the hMaster will distribute flushed sequence id’s per region to the recovery threads splitting the WAL, so that they can skip the edits which have already been persisted in HFiles.
This is particularly important for clusters which frequently spin up and down, a feature of Platform-as-a-Service solutions like HDInsight.
S3 Or EBS?
Devadutta Ghat, et al, compare Amazon S3 versus Elastic Block Storage (EBS) on the basis of cost and Apache Impala performance:
EBS is attached to the AWS compute node as a fully-functional filesystem (similar to an attached SSD on an on-premise node), and Impala makes use of several filesystem features to deliver higher throughput and lower latency. These features include:
• HDFS short-circuit reads to bypass HDFS and read files directly from the filesystem
• OS buffer cache to read frequently accessed files directly from the cache instead of fetching it again
• Fixed-cost file renames through metadata operations
In contrast, S3 is an object store that is accessed over the network. However, with S3, throughput is better than simple network-attached storage because of its dedicated, high-performance networks. In Cloudera’s internal benchmark testing (detailed below), on an r3.2xlarge, we saw a consistent throughput of about 100MB/s. Furthermore, in S3, there is currently no equivalent to HDFS short-circuit reads. Move/rename operations for data stored in S3 is a copy followed by a delete, while a file move on HDFS is a metadata operation—which is usually problematic for ETL workloads, as they create large number of small files that are typically moved.
It looks like EBS is a solid choice for many workloads.
Azure Automation
Melissa Coates explains Azure Automation:
Azure Automation is a cloud service in Microsoft Azure which let you schedule execution of PowerShell cmdlets and PowerShell workflows. Azure Automation uses the concept of runbooks to execute a set of repeatable, repetitive tasks via PowerShell. Consistency in execution, reduction of errors, and of course saving time, are all key objectives – which makes DBAs and system admins happy, eh?
This is a higher-level discussion including some good tips on the product.
Query Store And Forcing Plans
Andy Kelly explains that forcing query plans using Query Store doesn’t always result in exactly the same plan being used:
Let’s summarize the situation. We have 2 query plans in the Query Store and the most recent one is also the current plan in the plan cache that is being used for all new executions of this procedure. But that plan is bad for all but .1% of the values we may pass in to the procedure. The previous plan in the Query Store is a much better plan overall and that is the one we want to ensure is used regardless of the value passed in. As such we go ahead and force the plan using the provided tools or TSQL which sets the is_forced_plan to 1 for the 1st plan in sys.query_store_plan. As a simplified explanation this action invokes a recompile and the current plan (which was bad) is replaced with a new plan that is based on the one we forced. That new plan now becomes the current one in the cache and is now the one in the Query Store that all new statistics are tied to as well.
Most people would think that if they forced a particular plan that was in the Query Store and it was marked as forced we would in fact be using that very same plan identified by the plan_id and query_plan_hash which is tied to the plan we forced. Keep in mind that if there were problems with the recompile such as it was missing an index that was there when the original plan was created we would get an error which would be listed in the force failure columns and a different plan would obviously need to be used. Errors aside most of the time when we force a plan it gets recompiled and we end up with the same plan as that which we forced. If that plan is the same as the original one we forced it will have the same query_plan_hash and thus the same plan_id. All future executions will now use that plan and all statistics will be tied to it as well. This is exactly what we would expect once we forced a plan in the Query Store.
If you’re looking at using Query Store, definitely read this post.
Automating DMV Scripts
Sander Stad has a Powershell script to automate using Glenn Berry’s excellent DMV queries:
I’ve used Glenn’s DMV scripts for years but always found them tedious to execute because there are about 70 individual scripts that either query instance or retrieve database information. Glenn did make it easier for you by creating Excel templates to save the information in.
There are separate scripts for each version of SQL Server that updated every month. Glenn only updates the versions for 2012 to 2016 with new features. The scripts are very well documented and even contain hints about how to solve some issues.
Click through for more information on how to install this Powershell module.
Migrating To Azure SQL Database
Kevin Feasel
2016-09-19
Cloud
Niko Neugebauer is building a compendium of methods to migrate an on-prem database to Azure SQL Database:
I decided to put a list of the migration methods that can be useful for migrating to Azure SQLDatabase. By all means it is not complete and if you have any suggestions to expand it – do not be shy.
The current list of the ways that I am considering is here:
• SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
• BACPAC + SSMS/Portal/Powershell
• SQL Azure Migration Wizard (SAMW)
• SQL Server Data Tools (Visual Studio) + BCP/SSIS
• Azure Data Factory
• Transactional Replication
• Linked Server
Read on for the details on each method.
COUNT Versus EXISTS
Kevin Feasel
2016-09-19
Syntax
Lukas Eder explains COUNT versus EXISTS:
COUNT(*) needs to return the exact number of rows. EXISTS only needs to answer a question like:
“Are there any rows at all?”
In other words, EXISTS can short-circuit after having found the first matching row. If your client code (e.g. written in Java or in PL/SQL, or any other client language) needs to know something like:
“Did actors called “Wahlberg” play in any films at all?”
Lukas shows how it works in Oracle and Postgres; the result is still basically the same for SQL Server.
Trustworthiness
Dennes Torres warns us of the dangers of setting a database’s Trustworthy flag on:
Trustworthy database setting is an easy solution for some problems in the server, especially cross database access. However, this setting has also a security problem in some scenarios.
For more on this setting, Erland Sommarskog’s essay on permissions granting has one of the best explanations I’ve read.
Categories
September 2016
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While many people turn to artificial sweeteners in a misguided attempt to whittle their waistlines, those fake sugars are likely to have the opposite effect. According to researchers at Yale, artificial sweeteners are actually linked with an increased risk of abdominal obesity and weight gain, possibly because they can trigger cravings for the real stuff and spike insulin levels in a similar fashion to real sugar.
A diet that’s low in fat and carbohydrates can improve artery function, according to a 2012 study by Johns Hopkins researchers. After six months, those on the low-carb diet had lost more weight, and at a faster pace. But in both groups, when weight was lost—and especially when belly fat shrank—the arteries were able to expand better, allowing blood to travel more freely. The study shows that you don’t have to cut out all dietary fat to shrink belly fat. For heart health, simply losing weight and exercising seems to be key.
About: Georgina is a natural in the kitchen. She loves experimenting with new recipes, often figuring out ways to make them healthier, as well as crafting and just generally living a happy life. When she started her blog four years ago, it was for a long time only read by her mother. Now, it’s a huge part of Georgina’s life and features all sorts of yummy recipes, tips for finding happiness and wellness, beauty and crafts. Georgina’s also a very visual person, so you’ll find no shortage of photos to tell the story in an even more vibrant way.
“I always start [my day] with ginger tea, which is black tea with milk, honey, ginger, and cardamom. Then I’ll have a green juice with kale, beets, mint, apple, carrots, and ginger or a three-egg-white, one-yolk scramble. If I’m hungry, I’ll add half a cup of 1 percent cottage cheese to the eggs.” — Padma Lakshmi, who drops 10 to 15 pounds after every season of Top Chef
The menstrual cycle itself doesn’t seem to affect weight gain or loss. But having a period may affect your weight in other ways. Many women get premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMS can cause you to crave and eat more sweet or salty foods than normal.4 Those extra calories can lead to weight gain. And salt makes the body hold on to more water, which raises body weight (but not fat).
× | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
[widgets] WARP test bugs
# hg (download, files)
Tests that the UA processes an access element with a valid origin. To pass, the access list must contain a single entry where the scheme is "http", the host is "w3.org", the port is "80", and subdomains is "false".
The origin contains a trailing slash, which is treated as path information and hence the origin is treated as being invalid:
<access origin="http://w3.org/"/>
# la (download, files)
Tests that the UA processes access elements using the ToASCII algorithm. To pass, the access list must contain one entry where the scheme is "http", the host is "xn--xkry9kk1bz66a.cn", the port is "80", and subdomains is "true".
Unless I'm missing something here there are actually two valid access elements in the widget, not one:
<access origin="http://हिन्दी.idn.icann.org"/>
<access origin="http://उदाहरण.परीक्ष" subdomains="true"/>
# ma (download, files)
Tests that the UA processes multiple access elements. To pass, the access list must contain two entries; one where the scheme is "http", the host is "w3.org", the port is "80", and subdomains is "true", one where the scheme is "http", the host is "pass", the port is null, and subdomains is "false". The order of the entries is not important.
The second element contains "ietf.org" not "pass".
Received on Wednesday, 1 December 2010 12:59:32 UTC | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
From patchwork Wed Jul 21 07:48:23 2010 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Subject: RFA; Fix DW_AT_bit_offset generation for types with size > alignment From: Nick Clifton X-Patchwork-Id: 59408 Message-Id: To: gcc-patches@gcc.gnu.org Date: Wed, 21 Jul 2010 08:48:23 +0100 Hi Guys, A customer recently uncovered a problem with the XStormy16 port whereby the DWARF debug information being generated for bitfields was incorrect. The issue was bogus DW_AT_bit_offset fields, and it turns out to happen when the size of the type of the bitfield is larger than the alignment of the type of the bitfield. Eg: unsigned long a : 8; For the XStormy16 this bitfield has an alignment of 16-bits (the maximum for this target), but a type size of 32-bits. The problem is the code in dwarf2out.c:field_byte_offset() which assumes that the alignment will always be at least as big as the size. Fixed with the patch below. Tested with no regressions on an i686-pc-linux-gnu target as well as an xstormy16-elf target. OK to apply ? Cheers Nick gcc/ChangeLog 2010-07-21 Nick Clifton * dwarf2out.c (field_byte_offset): Handle the situation where a bit field's type alignment is less than the size of the type. Index: gcc/dwarf2out.c =================================================================== --- gcc/dwarf2out.c (revision 162327) +++ gcc/dwarf2out.c (working copy) @@ -15704,6 +15704,12 @@ type_size_in_bits = double_int_type_size_in_bits (type); type_align_in_bits = simple_type_align_in_bits (type); + /* If the type is bigger than its alignment, the computation to round + up object_offset_in_bits will in fact *reduce* the object offset. + Catch this here by setting the alignment to the size. */ + if (((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) type_align_in_bits) < double_int_to_uhwi (type_size_in_bits)) + type_align_in_bits = (unsigned int) double_int_to_uhwi (type_size_in_bits); + field_size_tree = DECL_SIZE (decl); /* The size could be unspecified if there was an error, or for | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Treatise of Human Nature (1888).djvu/320
298 latter virtuous. The most rigid morality allows us to receive a pleasure from reflecting on a generous action; and 'tis by none esteem`d a virtue to feel any fruitless remorses upon the thoughts of past villiany and baseness. Let us, therefore, examine these impressions, consider'd in themselves; and enquire into their causes, whether plac'd on the mind or body, without troubling ourselves at present with that merit or blame, which may attend them.
we consider the body as a part of ourselves, or assent to those philosophers, who regard it as something external, it must still be allow'd to be near enough connected with us to form one of these double relations, which I have asserted to be necessary to the causes of pride and humility. Wherever, therefore, we can find the other relation of impressions to join to this of ideas, we may expect with assurance either of these passions, according as the impression is pleasant or uneasy. But beauty of all kinds gives us a peculiar delight and satisfaction; as deformity produces pain, upon whatever subject it may be plac'd, and whether survey'd in an animate or inanimate object. If the beauty or deformity, therefore, be plac'd upon our own bodies, this pleasure or uneasiness must be converted into pride or humility, as having in this case all the circumstances requisite to produce a perfect transition of impressions and ideas. These opposite sensations are related to the opposite passions. The beauty or deformity is closely related to self, the object of both these passions. No wonder, then our own beauty becomes an object of pride, and deformity of humility.
But this effect of personal and bodily qualities is not only a proof of the present system, by showing that the passions | WIKI |
The PEOPLE of the State of Colorado, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. John Arthur STELLABOTTE, Defendant-Appellant.
Court of Appeals No. 14CA1954
Colorado Court of Appeals, Division I.
Announced July 14, 2016
Cynthia H. Coffman, Attorney General, Patricia R. Van Horn, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Matthew S. Holman, First Assistant Attorney General, Denver, Colorado, for Plaintiff-Appellee
Lynn C. Hartfield, Alternate Defense Counsel, Denver, Colorado, for Defendant-Appellant
Opinion by JUDGE TAUBMAN
¶ 1 Defendant, John Arthur Stellabotte, appeals the judgment of conviction entered after a jury verdict finding him guilty of one count of aggravated motor vehicle theft, two counts of felony theft, and one count of misdemeanor theft. He also appeals his sentence, as enhanced by three habitual criminal counts. We affirm the conviction, vacate the sentences for felony theft, affirm the other sentences, and remand for resentencing on the felony theft convictions.
I. Background
¶ 2 Stellabotte, owner of J&J Towing, was charged with six counts of first degree aggravated motor vehicle theft, under section 18-4-409(2) and (3)(a), C.R.S. 2015; four counts of theft, under section 18-4-401(1), C.R.S. 2015; and five habitual criminal counts pursuant to section 18-1.3-801, C.R.S. 2015. The counts related to J&J towing five vehicles. A jury convicted Stellabotte of one count of aggravated motor vehicle theft, a class 4 felony; two counts of theft, class 4 felonies; and one count of theft, a class 2 misdemeanor relating to two tows-the B.W. and P.H. tows.
A. The B.W. Tow
¶ 3 In June 2012, B.W. parked her car at an apartment complex. The following morning, her car was missing. A sign in the parking lot stated that cars without parking permits would be towed by J&J Towing. B.W., whose car did not have a parking permit sticker, called J&J to recover her car, but the company stated that it did not have it. B.W. reported her car stolen.
¶ 4 Five days later, J&J towed the car to a police station. Stellabotte said that J&J had notified the police of the initial tow on June 8, as required by state towing regulations. The officer, however, could not find such a notification.
¶ 5 J&J initially requested that B.W. pay $215 to release her car but eventually returned it to her without her making any payment. However, several days later, Stellabotte told B.W. that he would put a lien on her car and tow it again if she did not pay him the money. The next day, he towed B.W.'s car, which was parked on a public street across from her house. Stellabotte refused to release the car to B.W. until she paid him $498.50, which she did. She noticed damage to her car, and Stellabotte said if she did not sign a release form he would charge her another $200, so she signed the form.
¶ 6 Teresa Hill, the apartment complex property manager, testified that rules in place for the property required license plate stickers indicating that any parked car belonged to a resident. As manager, she entered into a contract with J&J, through an employee named James Ward. The complex permitted J&J to tow cars without the proper stickers without first contacting management at the apartment complex.
¶ 7 B.W. reported J&J to the Colorado Public Utilities Commission (PUC).
B. The P.H. Tow
¶ 8 In July 2012, K.S. parked a truck, registered to her father, P.H., in the parking lot of a shopping mall, where she worked at a yogurt shop. She arranged for P.H. to pick up the truck the following day, but when he arrived to pick up the truck, it was missing.
¶ 9 K.S.'s mother, R.H., and P.H. contacted Griffis-Blessing, the company they believed to be the property manager for the mall. Griffis-Blessing could not provide them with any information about whether the truck had been towed, but the family later received an unsigned letter from J&J, which advised them that J&J had towed the truck. At the time the truck was towed, its registration had expired. P.H. paid $583 to retrieve the truck.
¶ 10 R.H. requested a refund from J&J after Griffis-Blessing advised her that it had not authorized the tow. However, Ward advised her that she could only claim her refund if she signed a letter of final settlement, stating that the refund settled all outstanding amounts and that R.H. would "not slander or speak of this matter to any partys [sic] outside of this matter," including the PUC. When she refused to sign the acknowledgment, Ward called Stellabotte, who reiterated that if R.H. refused to sign the agreement, he would not give her a refund.
¶ 11 Kelly Clay, a property manager who worked for Griffis-Blessing, testified that she was unaware of any towing contract with J&J for the portion of the shopping mall that she managed and that she had not authorized the tow of P.H.'s truck. She stated that a different property management company managed the property where the yogurt shop was located.
C. PUC Investigation & Trial
¶ 12 Following B.W.'s complaint, Anthony Cummings, an investigator with the PUC, spoke with Ward, who provided towing invoices for both B.W. tows. Cummings determined that the documents did not comply with PUC regulations. Specifically, the invoices lacked authorizing signatures, a release date, and a specific rate statement, and they contained an incorrect address for the business. According to Cummings, these deficiencies rendered the towing contracts invalid and meant that J&J was not authorized to collect the $493 that B.W. had paid to have her car released.
¶ 13 Cummings found similar PUC violations regarding P.H.'s tow. Ward was unable to provide a written towing contract for the shopping mall property. Ward claimed that "S.R.," which stood for Sean Reilly, had authorized the tow because his initials appeared on the towing invoice. Reilly, the former leasing agent for the shopping mall, testified that his responsibilities did not include authorizing tows from the property. He denied authorizing the tow of the truck.
¶ 14 On August 22, 2014, after a trial and jury verdict, the court adjudicated Stellabotte a habitual criminal for convictions on three counts-a 2005 aggravated motor vehicle theft, a 2003 attempted aggravated motor vehicle theft, and felony menacing in 1996.
¶ 15 In accordance with the habitual criminal statute, the court quadrupled the maximum sentencing ranges of the felony convictions, resulting in twenty-four-year sentences for each of the three felony convictions. The court sentenced Stellabotte to one year for the misdemeanor theft conviction. The sentences all ran concurrently.
¶ 16 Stellabotte raises four contentions on appeal: (1) the trial court erred in instructing the jury on aggravated motor vehicle theft; (2) the court erred in providing the jury with a dictionary definition of the term "authorization"; (3) the twenty-four-year sentences imposed for Stellabotte's two felony theft convictions should be halved because of new legislation reducing the severity of those offenses; and (4) the twenty-four-year sentences imposed for Stellabotte's three habitual criminal counts are grossly disproportionate to the nature and severity of the offenses. We agree with Stellabotte's third contention that he should benefit from the General Assembly's amendatory legislation to reduce the severity of felony theft offenses. However, we disagree with his other contentions.
II. Jury Instruction
¶ 17 Stellabotte contends that the trial court erred in instructing the jury on aggravated motor vehicle theft, where, in contrast to the theft instruction, the aggravated motor vehicle theft instruction did not convey that he had to act knowingly without authorization. We disagree.
A. Standard of Review
¶ 18 We apply a two-tier standard of review to jury instructions. First, we review de novo the jury instructions as a whole to determine whether the instructions accurately informed the jury of the governing law. People v. Lucas , 232 P.3d 155, 162 (Colo. App. 2009). Second, if the trial court correctly informed the jury of the governing law, we review the court's formulation of the instructions for an abuse of discretion. People v. Pahl , 169 P.3d 169, 183 (Colo. App. 2006). A court abuses its discretion when its ruling is manifestly arbitrary, unreasonable, or unfair, People v. Rath , 44 P.3d 1033, 1043 (Colo. 2002), and when it misconstrues or misapplies the law, People v. Henson , 2013 COA 36, ¶ 9, 307 P.3d 1135, 1136.
B. Applicable Law
¶ 19 Under section 18-4-409(2), a person commits first degree aggravated motor vehicle theft "if he or she knowingly obtains or exercises control over the motor vehicle of another without authorization or by threat or deception."
¶ 20 The culpable mental state, "knowingly," applies not only to a defendant's exercise of control over the vehicle, but also to his or her awareness of lack of authority. People v. Bornman , 953 P.2d 952, 954 (Colo. App. 1997). When a mental state is listed as a stand-alone element, it applies to the succeeding elements. See People v. Chase , 2013 COA 27, ¶ 62, 411 P.3d 740, 754 ("Knowingly" is set out "as a standalone element, thereby indicating that it applied to all of the subsequent elements of the offense."); People v. Stephens , 837 P.2d 231, 234 (Colo. App. 1992) (stating that "knowingly," listed as separate element, applied to succeeding elements, including the "without authorization" element).
C. Analysis
¶ 21 The court instructed the jury that the elements of first degree aggravated motor vehicle theft were that Stellabotte:
1. In the State of Colorado, at or about the date and place charged,
2. knowingly,
3. obtained and exercised control over the motor vehicle,
4. belonging to another person,
5. without authorization, and
6. the value of the motor vehicle involved is twenty thousand dollars or less, and
7. the defendant,
8. had possession and control over the motor vehicle for more than twenty-four (24) hours.
¶ 22 The court listed "knowingly" as the second element and listed "without authorization" as the fifth element. We conclude that the trial court did not err in instructing the jury on aggravated motor vehicle theft because the court listed the culpable mental state, "knowingly," as a separate element. Therefore, "knowingly" applied to the succeeding elements, including "without authorization," and thus the instruction indicated that Stellabotte had to have known that possession of the automobile was without authorization.
¶ 23 Stellabotte next argues that when the jury read the theft and aggravated motor vehicle theft instructions together, it reasonably would have believed that the two offenses had different standards of proof because the theft instruction explicitly tied the "without authorization" element to the "knowingly" element, but the aggravated motor vehicle theft instruction did not. The court instructed the jury that the elements of theft were:
1. That the defendant,
2. in the State of Colorado, at or about the date and place charged,
3. knowingly
a. obtained or exercised control over
b. anything of value
c. which was the property of another person,
d. without authorization....
¶ 24 We conclude that the court properly instructed the jury as to the elements of theft. In the theft instruction, the court listed "without authorization" as a lettered subpart of the numbered "knowingly" element. Albeit in a different manner, this instruction also conveyed that Stellabotte had to have known that he obtained or exercised control of the automobile without authorization.
¶ 25 While we agree with Stellabotte that "it is error for a court to instruct the jury in a manner that invites confusion," Steward Software Co. v. Kopcho , 275 P.3d 702, 711 (Colo. App. 2010), rev'd on other grounds , 266 P.3d 1085 (Colo. 2011), we disagree that the two instructions, when read together, created confusion. In both instructions, the court set off the "knowingly" element. Although the court set off "knowingly" in different ways-in the aggravated motor vehicle theft instruction, as a separate numbered element, and in the theft instruction, as a heading for several elements, including "without authorization"-we nevertheless conclude that because both instructions were correct, the court did not err, even when we consider the two instructions together.
¶ 26 Stellabotte relies on Bornman to argue that the instructions created confusion. In Bornman , 953 P.2d at 954, the instruction for theft did not properly advise the jury that the defendant had to be aware that his possession of a vehicle was unauthorized. The instruction read:
1. That the defendant
2. In the state of Colorado at or about the date and place charged,
3. knowingly
a. obtained or exercised control over
b. anything of value,
c. which was the property of another person,
4. without authorization....
Id. at 953. Bornman is distinguishable. There, the trial court erred because the instruction did not explicitly require a finding that the defendant knew that his possession or control of the item was without authorization of the owner. The Bornman court added subparts to the third element and did not include "without authorization" as a subpart, but rather listed it as a separate element. Here, as discussed above, in the aggravated motor vehicle theft instruction, the court listed "knowingly" as a separate element, with no subparts, so "knowingly" applied to all succeeding elements, including "without authorization." In contrast, in the theft instruction, the court listed "without authorization" as a subpart of the "knowingly" element, so "knowingly" applied to the "without authorization" element. Therefore, we conclude that the trial court did not err in accurately informing the jury of the governing law, and it did not abuse its discretion in formulating the jury instructions.
III. Definition of Authorization
¶ 27 During deliberation, the jury asked for a definition of the term "authorization," and the court used a "standard dictionary definition" to instruct the jury that the term "authorization" meant "to provide someone with legal authority to perform an act."
¶ 28 Stellabotte contends that the court abused its discretion when it provided this definition because the definition differed from that in relevant case law. While we agree that the court provided a definition that differed from that found in case law, we conclude that the court did not abuse its discretion.
A. Standard of Review
¶ 29 We apply the same standard of review as in Part II.A.
B. Applicable Law
¶ 30 Absent evidence to the contrary, a jury is presumed to understand and follow the trial court's instructions. Leonardo v. People , 728 P.2d 1252, 1255 (Colo. 1986). This presumption may be overcome "when the jury indicates to the judge that it does not understand an element of the offense charged or some other matter of law central to the guilt or innocence of the accused." Id. at 1256. On receipt of a jury's question regarding a point of law, a court should give further instructions to the jury unless the question can be answered by the instructions already given, the question is not relevant to the law at issue, or the question asks the court to decide issues of fact. Chase , ¶ 38, 421 P.3d at 750.
¶ 31 "When a term, word, or phrase in a jury instruction is one with which reasonable persons of common intelligence would be familiar, and its meaning is not so technical or mysterious as to create confusion in jurors' minds as to its meaning, an instruction defining it is not required." People v. Thoro Prods. Co. , 45 P.3d 737, 745 (Colo. App. 2001), aff'd , 70 P.3d 1188 (Colo. 2003). However, Colorado's appellate courts have consistently upheld courts giving the jury supplemental instructions, even when unnecessary, if the instructions properly state the law. People v. Holwuttle , 155 P.3d 447, 449-50 (Colo. App. 2006).
C. Analysis
¶ 32 There is no statutory definition of the term "without authorization" or "authorization." Thus, the court did not abuse its discretion in supplementing the jury instructions because "authorization" was related to a legal issue, the court's response was simple and direct, and the jury expressed confusion over the term's meaning. See People v. Cruz , 923 P.2d 311, 313 (Colo. App. 1996) (holding that court did not err in giving the jury a dictionary definition of an undefined element of a crime); see also People v. Martin , 851 P.2d 186, 189 (Colo. App. 1992).
¶ 33 Divisions of our court have defined "without authorization" in the context of theft statutes to mean "that the owner of the property, or a person in possession of the property with the owner's consent, has not given the actor permission to exercise control over the property." People v. McCormick , 784 P.2d 808, 810 (Colo. App. 1989) (quoting People v. Edmonds , 195 Colo. 358, 362, 578 P.2d 655, 659 (1978) ); see People v. Stell , 2013 COA 149, ¶ 14, 320 P.3d 382, 385 ("A person acts 'without authorization' when the owner of the property has not given him or her permission to obtain or exercise control over the property.").
¶ 34 Generally, the use of an excerpt from an opinion in a jury instruction is an unwise practice because opinions and instructions have different purposes. Pahl , 169 P.3d at 183-84. Thus, the court was not required to use the definition of "authorization" or "without authorization" from our published decisions.
¶ 35 Further, we conclude that the court acted within its discretion when it tailored the wording of its response to the jury's question because the court's definition of "authorization" was a proper definition that fit the facts of the case and related to the issues the jury needed to resolve. Therefore, trial court did not abuse its discretion when it supplied the jury with its definition of authorization.
¶ 36 Stellabotte argues that by defining the term "authorization" to require "legal authority," the court injected a requirement that the authority to act derive from a law. We disagree. "[T]erms frequently have more than one ordinary meaning, or at least more than one shading or nuance of meaning...." Marquez v. People , 2013 CO 58, ¶ 8, 311 P.3d 265, 268. We conclude that the court did not inject a new requirement that lowered the prosecution's burden of proof. Rather, the court chose a definition different from that in our published decisions that was appropriate in the circumstances of this case.
¶ 37 Therefore, we conclude that the court did not abuse its discretion when it provided the jury with the dictionary definition of "authorization."
IV. Effect of Amendatory Legislation
¶ 38 On June 5, 2013, the General Assembly lowered the classification of thefts of items valued between $5000 and $20,000 from class 4 to class 5 felonies. See Ch. 373, sec. 1, § 18-4-401, 2013 Colo. Sess. Laws 2196. The General Assembly did not include a specific effective date of the amendment.
¶ 39 Stellabotte committed his offenses in June and July 2012. The jury entered its verdict in May 2014, and the court sentenced Stellabotte in August 2014. Consequently, by the time the court sentenced Stellabotte, his offenses were considered class 5 felonies. However, the court entered a judgment of conviction and sentenced him under the prior laws as class 4 felonies.
¶ 40 Stellabotte contends that the reclassification should reduce the maximum of his sentencing range for his theft convictions from six years to three years, which in turn should reduce his sentence for those offenses, as enhanced by the habitual criminal statute, from twenty-four years to twelve years. We agree.
A. Standard of Review
¶ 41 We review de novo the legality of a sentence. People v. Hard , 2014 COA 132, ¶ 46, 342 P.3d 572, 581.
¶ 42 Because Stellabotte did not raise this argument before the trial court, the People contend that we must review any error for plain error. See Hagos v. People , 2012 CO 63, ¶¶ 18-19, 288 P.3d 116, 120-21. However, we need not review for plain error because a defendant may raise a claim at any time that his or her sentence was not authorized by law. People v. Fransua , 2016 COA 79, ¶ 17, --- P.3d ----.
B. Applicable Law
¶ 43 In determining whether to apply amendments to legislation, we first look to the plain language of the statute. People v. Summers , 208 P.3d 251, 253-54 (Colo. 2009). Statutes that explicitly state that they are to apply only to offenses committed after the effective date are to be applied accordingly. See People v. McCoy , 764 P.2d 1171, 1174 (Colo. 1988).
¶ 44 "A statute is presumed to be prospective in its operation." § 2-4-202, C.R.S. 2015. However, where the legislative intent is silent, a defendant may seek retroactive application of a statute if he or she benefits from a significant change in the law. § 18-1-410(1)(f)(I), C.R.S. 2015. The supreme court extended this rule to defendants seeking relief on direct appeal. People v. Thornton , 187 Colo. 202, 203, 529 P.2d 628, 628 (1974) ; see also People v. Russell , 2014 COA 21M, ¶ 12, 396 P.3d 71, 74 (cert. granted Feb. 23, 2015). Whenever constitutionally possible, a defendant should be granted the benefits of amendatory legislation that mitigates the penalty for a crime. People v. Bloom , 195 Colo. 246, 251, 577 P.2d 288, 292 (1978).
C. Analysis
¶ 45 The theft amendment is silent as to whether it applies retroactively or prospectively, and the legislative history provides no guidance as to its application. However, several divisions of our court have considered whether amendments that are silent as to their effective dates apply retroactively. See People v. Boyd , 2015 COA 109, ¶ 14, 395 P.3d 1128, 1132 (concluding that although Amendment 64 does not indicate a clear intent for retroactive application, it applied retroactively to the defendant's conviction for possession of marijuana) (cert. granted Mar. 21, 2016); Russell , ¶ 13, 396 P.3d at 74 (same); People v. Palmer , 42 Colo.App. 460, 461-63, 595 P.2d 1060, 1062-63 (1979) ; People v. Jenkins , 40 Colo.App. 140, 143, 575 P.2d 13, 15-16 (1977) ; see also Bloom , 195 Colo. at 251-52, 577 P.2d at 292 ; Thornton , 187 Colo. at 203, 529 P.2d at 628-29 ; People v. Thomas , 185 Colo. 395, 397-98, 525 P.2d 1136, 1138 (1974). We follow the legal analysis presented in the above-cited decisions and apply them to the theft statutory amendment. We conclude that the theft amendment applies retroactively to cases pending in the trial court when the amendment was enacted.
¶ 46 In addition, both Boyd and Russell , although they dealt with constitutional amendments, relied on section 18-1-410(1)(f)(I). Section 18-1-410(1)(f)(I) expressly applies to statutory amendments. Thus, we find the analysis in Boyd and Russell particularly persuasive here where a statutory amendment is at issue.
¶ 47 The partial dissent relies on Riley v. People , 828 P.2d 254, 258 (Colo. 1992) ; McCoy , 764 P.2d at 1174 ; and People v. Macias , 631 P.2d 584, 587 (Colo. 1981), for the proposition that a defendant should not receive the benefit of legislation that lessens the penalties for crimes committed before the legislation was enacted unless the General Assembly clearly intended the legislation to be applied retroactively. These cases are distinguishable. In Riley , McCoy , and Macias , the supreme court considered cases where the General Assembly provided that the statutory amendments applied to offenses committed on or after the effective date. See also People v. Pineda-Eriza , 49 P.3d 329, 333 (Colo. App. 2001). Thus, the statements on which the dissent relies are dicta. Boyd , ¶ 29, 395 P.3d at 1134. Further, because the three cases dealt with amendatory statutes that applied only to offenses committed on or after the effective date, we do not view Riley , McCoy , and Macias as inconsistent with Russell and Boyd . Rather, the former apply to legislative amendments with prospective effective dates, and the latter apply to legislative amendments, as here, with an effective date, but no indication whether they were to be applied prospectively or retroactively.
¶ 48 Therefore, we vacate and remand to the trial court to correct his sentence on the two felony theft convictions and corresponding habitual criminal sentence enhancement to reflect a twelve-year sentence for those offenses. We emphasize that our analysis only applies to the felony theft convictions, and not the aggravated motor vehicle theft and misdemeanor theft convictions.
V. Proportionality Review
¶ 49 Stellabotte contends that the twenty-four-year sentences that the trial court imposed are disproportionate to the nature and severity of his offenses in violation of the Eighth Amendment. We disagree.
A. Standard of Review
¶ 50 We review de novo whether a sentence is constitutionally proportionate. People v. Hargrove , 2013 COA 165, ¶ 8, 338 P.3d 413, 416.
B. Applicable Law
¶ 51 The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the imposition of sentences that are disproportionate to the crime committed. Solem v. Helm , 463 U.S. 277, 284, 103 S.Ct. 3001, 77 L.Ed.2d 637 (1983). Although reviewing courts should grant substantial deference to the legislature's authority to set penalty schemes, "no penalty is per se constitutional." Id. at 290, 103 S.Ct. 3001.
¶ 52 "In the absence of a need for a refined analysis inquiring into the details of the specific offenses or a detailed comparison of sentences imposed for other crimes in this or other jurisdictions, an appellate court is as well positioned ... to conduct a proportionality review." People v. Gaskins , 825 P.2d 30, 37-38 (Colo. 1992).
¶ 53 Upon request, a defendant is entitled to an abbreviated proportionality review of his or her sentence. People v. Deroulet , 48 P.3d 520, 526 (Colo. 2002). An abbreviated proportionality review consists of a comparison of the gravity of the offense and the harshness of the penalty to discern whether it raises an inference of gross disproportionality. Id. at 527.
¶ 54 For purposes of proportionality review, we consider each sentence imposed separately. Close v. People , 48 P.3d 528, 539 (Colo. 2002). We scrutinize all the offenses in question, both triggering and predicate, to determine whether in combination they are so lacking in gravity or seriousness as to suggest that a sentence enhanced by the habitual criminal sentence is grossly disproportionate. People v. Patnode , 126 P.3d 249, 260 (Colo. App. 2005). If an abbreviated review does not yield an inference of gross disproportionality, no further review is required. People v. Reese , 155 P.3d 477, 479 (Colo. App. 2006). "[I]n almost every case, the abbreviated proportionality review will result in a finding that the sentence is constitutionally proportionate, thereby preserving the primacy of the General Assembly in crafting sentencing schemes." Deroulet , 48 P.3d at 526.
¶ 55 When a court considers the gravity of the offense in an abbreviated proportionality review, it must determine whether the offense is grave and serious. People v. Strock , 252 P.3d 1148, 1158 (Colo. App. 2010).
In making the determination, courts consider the harm caused or threatened to the victim or to society and the culpability of the offender. Gaskins , 825 P.2d at 36.
¶ 56 Certain felonies are per se grave and serious crimes for purposes of proportionality review. Close , 48 P.3d at 538. If a reviewing court is unable to conclude that a certain felony is categorically grave and serious on its face, the court may conduct a more refined inquiry into the case-specific facts and circumstances underlying the offense and determine if the offense is grave and serious. People v. Mershon , 874 P.2d 1025, 1032 (Colo. 1994).
C. Analysis
¶ 57 Stellabotte contends all three of his twenty-four-year sentences are disproportionate to the nature and severity of the offenses. We disagree.
¶ 58 Stellabotte's triggering offenses-two counts of felony theft and one count of aggravated motor vehicle theft-either individually or in combination, are grave and serious crimes for the purposes of an abbreviated proportionality review. See People v. Cooper , 205 P.3d 475, 481 (Colo. App. 2008) (even assuming that triggering and predicate car theft offenses were not individually grave and serious per se, in combination they were grave and serious); People v. Merchant , 983 P.2d 108, 117 (Colo. App. 1999) (felony theft is a serious offense); People v. Penrod , 892 P.2d 383, 387 (Colo. App. 1994) (aggravated motor vehicle theft "may not be characterized as lacking in gravity").
¶ 59 Likewise, Stellabotte's underlying offenses-attempted aggravated motor vehicle theft, aggravated motor vehicle theft, and felony menacing-are also grave and serious. People v. Cisneros , 855 P.2d 822, 830 (Colo. 1993) (felony menacing is a grave and serious offense). These prior felonies triggered habitual criminal sentencing, which quadrupled his sentence.
¶ 60 Accordingly, Stellabotte's triggering offenses and the three predicate offenses are sufficiently grave and serious to support a conclusion that his twenty-four-year concurrent sentences are constitutionally proportionate, particularly in light of the mandatory habitual criminal sentence enhancement. Given our conclusion in Part V, it follows that Stellabotte's new theft sentences of twelve years also are not grossly disproportionate.
VI. Conclusion
¶ 61 The judgment of conviction is affirmed, the felony theft sentences are vacated, the other sentences are affirmed, and the case is remanded for resentencing on the felony theft convictions.
JUDGE FREYRE concurs.
JUDGE DAILEY concurs in part and dissents in part.
JUDGE DAILEY, concurring in part and dissenting in part.
¶ 62 I agree with all but Part IV of the majority opinion. Contrary to the majority, I would decline to follow People v. Russell , 2014 COA 21M, 396 P.3d 71 (cert. granted Feb. 23, 2015), and People v. Boyd , 2015 COA 109, 395 P.3d 1128 (cert. granted Mar. 21, 2016), and, thus, I would uphold the class 4 felony classification of defendant's convictions for theft.
¶ 63 Defendant's convictions were based on acts committed in the summer of 2012. As noted by the majority, the General Assembly did not amend the law, lowering the classification of defendant's criminal acts, until June 2013.
¶ 64 The issue is whether the 2013 legislation applies retroactively to lower the felony classification for acts committed nearly a year earlier. Relying on Russell and Boyd , the majority holds that it does. Both Russell and Boyd addressed the retroactivity of an amendment to the state constitution which decriminalized certain theretofore illegal offenses related to marijuana use. In Russell , the division said:
In general, when construing a constitutional amendment, unless its terms clearly show intent that the amendment be retroactively applied, "we presume the amendment has prospective application only."
... The general presumption of prospective application, however, is subject to a doctrine established by our General Assembly and supreme court enabling a defendant to benefit retroactively from a significant change in the law.
Russell , ¶¶ 11-12 (citations omitted) (quoting Huber v. Colo. Mining Ass'n , 264 P.3d 884, 889 (Colo. 2011) ).
¶ 65 The "doctrine" the Russell division identified as the exception to the general rule of prospective application originated in a line of supreme court cases holding that a defendant whose conviction is not yet final is entitled to the benefit of amendatory legislation mitigating the penalties for crimes. See People v. Thomas , 185 Colo. 395, 397-98, 525 P.2d 1136, 1138 (1974) ; see also People v. Bloom , 195 Colo. 246, 251-52, 577 P.2d 288, 292 (1978) ; People v. Thornton , 187 Colo. 202, 203, 529 P.2d 628, 628-29 (1974).
¶ 66 However, a subsequent, and inconsistent, line of supreme court cases states that a defendant should not receive the benefit of legislation that lessens the penalties for crimes committed before the new legislation was enacted unless the legislation was clearly intended to be applied retroactively. See Riley v. People , 828 P.2d 254, 258 (Colo. 1992) ; People v. McCoy , 764 P.2d 1171, 1174 (Colo. 1988) ; People v. Macias , 631 P.2d 584, 587 (Colo. 1981).
¶ 67 The majority finds this second line of authority inapposite because, although there is no clear indication of an intent to apply the new legislation retroactively, there is also no clear indication of intent to apply it only prospectively to acts committed on or after a certain date.
¶ 68 I do not believe that this second-and, in my view, controlling-line of authority can be so easily dismissed. It is premised on the rule of construction that presumes a statute is "prospective in its operation." § 2-4-202, C.R.S. 2015. "The General Assembly may override this presumption by clearly expressing a contrary intent." People v. Summers , 208 P.3d 251, 256 (Colo. 2009) ; see Riley , 828 P.2d at 257 ("Legislation is presumed to have prospective effect unless a contrary intent is expressed by the General Assembly."); see also McCoy , 764 P.2d at 1174 ("Our cases also establish that a defendant does not receive any ameliorative benefit when retroactive application of the amendatory legislation is clearly not intended by its own terms."); People v. Pineda-Eriza , 49 P.3d 329, 333 (Colo. App. 2001) ("A defendant is not entitled to the ameliorative effects of amendatory legislation if the legislature has not indicated its intent to require retroactive application thereof.").
¶ 69 Contrary to the majority's belief, the absence of an explicit prospective application provision cannot undermine the presumption of prospective application. That presumption "is only strengthened by the insertion of an effective date clause that explicitly mandates prospective application." Summers , 208 P.3d at 257 (emphasis added). In the absence of such a clause, the presumption would still exist, unless and until the General Assembly expressed an intent to apply the enactment retroactively, Riley , 828 P.2d at 257.
¶ 70 Because no intent to apply the 2013 legislation retroactively is suggested from its language, the presumption of prospective application applies. Thus, I would hold that the 2013 legislation did not retroactively re-classify the felony level of defendant's 2012 criminal conduct. See § 2-4-303, C.R.S. 2015 ("The repeal, revision, amendment, or consolidation of any statute ... or section ... shall not have the effect to release, extinguish, alter, modify, or change in whole or in part any penalty ... either civil or criminal ... unless the repealing, revising, amending, or consolidating act so expressly provides....") (emphasis added).
Visitors were required to park on the street.
Although he denied being a partner at J&J, Ward testified that when he signed documents on behalf of J&J, he designated himself as an owner. One of J&J's drivers testified that Ward hired employees, obtained the majority of the towing contracts, and was in charge of day-to-day operations.
At trial, no evidence indicated who managed the property where the yogurt shop was located, but Stellabotte does not raise this as an issue on appeal.
We recognize that apparent conflict between section 2-4-202, C.R.S. 2015, and section 18-1-410, C.R.S. 2015. Applying rules of statutory construction, the Boyd majority concluded that section 18-1-410 should prevail over section 2-4-202 because the propositions in Riley v. People , 828 P.2d 254, 258 (Colo. 1992), and People v. McCoy , 764 P.2d 1171, 1174 (Colo. 1988), on which the dissent relied constituted dicta and section 18-1-410 is the more specific statutory provision. People v. Boyd , 2015 COA 109, ¶¶ 28-32, 395 P.3d 1128, 1134-35 (cert. granted Mar. 21, 2016). The Boyd majority ultimately resolved the conflict between section 2-4-202 and section 18-1-410 by reading section 18-1-410 as an exception to section 2-4-202. We agree with that analysis.
| CASELAW |
Intrinsic SiOx-based unipolar resistive switching memory. I. Oxide stoichiometry effects on reversible switching and program window optimization
Yao Feng Chang, Burt Fowler, Ying Chen Chen, Yen Ting Chen, Yanzhen Wang, Fei Xue, Fei Zhou, Jack C. Lee
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
64 Scopus citations
Abstract
The physical mechanisms of unipolar resistive switching (RS) in SiO x-based resistive memory are investigated using TaN/SiO x/n++Si and TiW/SiOx/TiW device structures. RS is independent of SiOx thickness and device area, confirming that RS occurs in a localized region along a filamentary pathway. Results from experiments varying electrode type, series resistance, and the oxygen content of SiOxNy materials show the potential to optimize switching performance and control device programming window. Device materials with stoichiometry near that of SiO2 are found to have better operating stability as compared to extrinsic, N-doped SiOxNy materials. The results provide further insight into the physical mechanisms of unipolar operation and lead to a localized switching model based on electrochemical transitions involving common SiOx defects. High-temperature data retention measurements for over 104 s in high- and low-resistance states demonstrate the potential for use of intrinsic SiOx RS devices in future nonvolatile memory applications.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number043708
JournalJournal of Applied Physics
Volume116
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 28 2014
Externally publishedYes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Physics and Astronomy(all)
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Learn How To Eliminate Holding Tank Odors This Summer!
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Sensor Cleaning and Unclogging Holding Tanks
Marine Digest-It is designed to be a preventative care product to ensure solid waste gets properly digested and odors are reduced. If you are trying to solve an existing problem, like malfunctioning sensors or a clogged holding tank, Marine Digest-It isn't the proper product to solve these issues. You will need to use Unique Sensor Cleaner and Unique Tank Cleaner to help solve these problems.
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1. Instructions - Treating Your Black Tank
2. Instructions - Treating Your Gray Tank
3. Additional Tips
4. Eliminating Extra-Strong Odors
5. Unclogging A Holding Tank
6. Cleaning Sanitation Hoses
7. Cleaning Holding Tank Sensors
8. Cleaning Your Bilge
Treating Your Black Tank
When you treat your holding tank with Marine Digest-It you are getting the best of both worlds: Waste Digestion (liquefying the solid waste in your tank) and Odor Elimination. To effectively treat your black tank system, follow these steps:
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Treating Your Gray Tanks
Everyone has differing ideas on how to properly treat your gray water holding tanks. The method you ultimately choose is your decision and it should be based on how often you dump. Here are our recommendations when using Marine Digest-It for your gray tanks and sump tanks.
Your goal should be to never allow solids down your sink or showers.
Even if you allow only liquids into your gray tank you will still accumulate grease, soap, and residue buildup in the tank that can eventually lead to foul tank odors and cause sensors to misread, so it’s important you follow these steps to make sure your tanks remain operating properly and that you don’t get odors in your boat.
1. Pump Out Your Gray Tank
2. Shake Bottle Well
3. Pour Marine Digest-It Down Sink or Shower Drain (1 oz. per 5 gallon tank capacity)
4. Repeat After Each Pump Out
A Note On Gray Tanks
Important: Make sure NO solids get into your gray tank. The waste going down your drain should only be liquid waste so solid waste doesn’t accumulate in your gray tanks leading to clogs and misreading sensors. If you don’t already use one, a good sink strainer is crucial to ensuring that only liquids go down your drains.
Additional Tips
Give Marine Digest-It plenty of water. Bacteria needs water to live just like us and by using an ample amount of water inside your holding tank, you will allow for the bacteria to break down any residue and solid waste deposits inside your holding tank. Proper water usage ensures that your boats black and gray tanks stay free of residue and build-up.
Eliminating Extra Strong Odors
One thing to always keep in mind, waste permeates. As poop and sludge sit inside your holding tank, hoses, and sanitation lines, smells will eventually leech out into your bathroom and cabin. Much of the issue has to do with where the smell is localized. Are odors particularly strong around the holding tank? Are smells coming primarily from the head? Hose lines? Do odors take over the whole cabin?
Each one of these problems can have a different technical solution to fix by hand, but at the end of the day you will probably need to get your hands dirty to solve the problem.
If smells are coming from your head, there could be an issue with your joker valve. If your joker valve is busted and cracking, you will definitely start to get foul odors from your toilet. Hose permeation is also a common problem and you will either need to clean or replace your hoses if smells are strong.
Treating with Marine Digest-It will help prevent many odor issues and residual waste build up, but cannot help with all mechanical issues.
Unclogging A Holding Tank
If you are experiencing clogs or back ups in your holding tanks you can open those tanks without paying a service tech to manually clean them out.
1. Pour 32 ounces of the Unique Holding Tank Cleaner per 40 gallons of tank capacity into your tank.
2. Flush/pump several gallons of water down your toilet (preferably warm water)
3. Let sit for 12 - 24 hours (More time may be needed)
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Cleaning Sanitation Hoses
If smells are coming from your hoses, it may require replacement/treatment of your lines and hoses. Here is what you'll need to do:
1. Pour 4 oz. Marine Digest-It into 5 gallons of fresh water
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3. Let sit inside lines for 24 - 48 hrs
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Cleaning Holding Tank Sensors
1. Fill your holding tank with water
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3. Let sit for 24 hours
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Cleaning Your Bilge
Marine Digest-It will digest and eliminate oils, greases, and odors that are often present in bilges.
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Further Reading
Did you like what you just read? Check out some of our other related resources!
Preventing Clogs In Your Holding Tank
Cleaning Holding Tank Sensors
Eliminating Tank Odors
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Phased-array behavior of a one-dimensional mutually coupled oscillator system controlled by injection signals
Tomomichi Kagawa, Shigeji Nogi, Minoru Sanagi, Kiyoshi Fukui
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Abstract
The system configuration, fundamental operation, and PSK modulation of the output wave are discussed for the phased array operation of a mutually coupled one-dimensional oscillator array when signals with different phases are injected at the two ends to make use of the mutual locking and injection locking phenomena. First, the equivalent circuit is analyzed and the condition of phased array operation is derived. It is shown that both the desired mode, appropriate for the phased array operation, and other modes exist. It is demonstrated that injecting the injection signal at the center of the array is effective in enhancing the stability of the desired mode. The transient response of the array is analyzed when a PSK signal is used as the injection signal. A possible means of obtaining a PSK modulated wave as the output is presented. An experiment in the X band, using waveguide oscillators and an active patch antenna array is described. The results are close to the theoretical predictions.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)45-56
Number of pages12
JournalElectronics and Communications in Japan, Part II: Electronics (English translation of Denshi Tsushin Gakkai Ronbunshi)
Volume80
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Feb 1997
Keywords
• Active antenna
• Locking phenomenon
• Microwaves
• Phased array
• Spatial power combining
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Physics and Astronomy(all)
• Computer Networks and Communications
• Electrical and Electronic Engineering
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TEMPSC
TEMPSC is an acronym for "Totally Enclosed Motor Propelled Survival Craft", which was originally designed for offshore oil and gas platforms in 1968. The first-ever TEMPSC was spherical in shape, had a flat bottom, a single hook, with a total passenger capacity of 28 passengers and a fire-retardant fibreglass hull and dome. It was manufactured in Beverly Hills, California, by the Brucker Life Sphere Company, owned by its creator, Mr. Milton Brucker. The first TEMPSC was called the Brucker Life Sphere, but was later referenced as a "Totally Enclosed, Motor Propelled Survival Capsule".
The United States Coast Guard coined the acronym "TEMPSC" during the process of evaluating the Brucker Life Sphere for approval and adherence to SOLAS 1960. At that time, TEMPSCs did not exist and the IMO SOLAS description of a lifeboat was that of an open dual hook lifeboat that were only installed on board ships. The USCG's approval of the Brucker Life Sphere formalized the acronym to TEMPSC (Totally Enclosed Motor Propelled Survival Craft) and submitted it to IMO as a proposed amendment to the SOLAS 1974 convention. This proposed amendment added the TEMPSC design characteristics to the SOLAS rules.
Although the original TEMPSC was a single hook capsule exclusively designed for use on offshore oil and gas platforms, the SOLAS 1983, chapter III amendment forced all lifeboat manufacturers to change their open lifeboat designs to a TEMPSC. As a result, currently all TEMPCs (with one or two hooks) are commonly known as lifeboats or survival capsules.
TEMPSCs are typically installed on seagoing container vessels, tankers, fixed offshore oil and gas production platforms, floating installations (Floating Production Storage and Offloading), TLP (Tension Leg Platform), SPAR, MODU (Movable Offshore Drilling Units) and drill ships.
In the event of an emergency that requires evacuation of the offshore installation, TEMPSC are relied upon for mass evacuation of all personnel on board. TEMPSC are considered the primary method of evacuation during an emergency situation that requires evacuation of the facility due to catastrophic conditions where evacuation by helicopter, standby vessel or a catwalk to an adjacent platform is not possible. Evacuations could be a delayed onset, where the personnel have ample time to evacuate the facility. An immediate onset is an emergency situation that requires immediate evacuation due to extreme fire, explosion, gas release, severe weather, etc. In all of these cases, the offshore workers can deploy the TEMPSC into the sea and maneuver away from the platform or danger area and call for help from a nearby platform or emergency response vessel or coast guard.
There are three types of totally enclosed motor propelled survival crafts. They include: single hook and single cable launched survival capsule (originated from the original Brucker Life Sphere) includes capacities from 14 to 80 passengers; twin fall lifeboat (32-100 personnel) and free fall lifeboat (30-70 personnel). | WIKI |
Random logic
Random logic is a semiconductor circuit design technique that translates high-level logic descriptions directly into hardware features such as AND and OR gates. The name derives from the fact that few easily discernible patterns are evident in the arrangement of features on the chip and in the interconnects between them. In VLSI chips, random logic is often implemented with standard cells and gate arrays.
Random logic accounts for a large part of the circuit design in modern microprocessors. Compared to microcode, another popular design technique, random logic offers faster execution of processor opcodes, provided that processor speeds are faster than memory speeds. A disadvantage is that it is difficult to design random logic circuitry for processors with large and complex instruction sets. The hard-wired instruction logic occupies a large percentage of the chip's area, and it becomes difficult to lay out the logic so that related circuits are close to one another. | WIKI |
Write an essay about cancer. Write An Essay On Ovarian Cancer 2022-10-16
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Cancer is a disease that has affected individuals and families around the world for centuries. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer can develop in almost any part of the body, and there are over 100 different types of cancer. Some common types include breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer.
The causes of cancer are complex and varied. Some risk factors, such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, are well-established and can be easily avoided. Other risk factors, such as age, genetics, and certain infections, are beyond an individual's control.
Diagnosing cancer can be a difficult and emotional process. It usually begins with a physical exam and a review of the patient's medical history. Depending on the type of cancer and the location of the abnormal cells, additional tests such as imaging scans, biopsies, and blood tests may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis.
Treatment for cancer often involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. The specific treatment plan will depend on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the overall health of the patient. Newer treatments, such as immunotherapy, are also being developed and show promise in treating certain types of cancer.
Cancer can have a significant impact on a person's physical, emotional, and financial well-being. Coping with a cancer diagnosis and treatment can be overwhelming, and it is important for individuals to seek support from family, friends, and healthcare professionals. There are also many resources available, such as support groups and counseling, to help individuals and their families navigate the challenges of cancer.
Preventing cancer is an important goal, and there are many things that individuals can do to reduce their risk. These include not smoking, maintaining a healthy diet and weight, exercising regularly, and getting vaccinated against certain infections that can increase the risk of cancer. Regular screenings, such as mammograms and colonoscopies, can also help to detect cancer early, when it is most treatable.
In conclusion, cancer is a complex and often devastating disease that affects people of all ages and backgrounds. While there is no sure way to prevent cancer, there are steps that individuals can take to reduce their risk. Early detection and effective treatment can greatly improve the chances of a positive outcome. It is important for individuals to be aware of their own risks and to take action to protect their health.
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. It is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a major public health problem. Cancer can affect people of all ages, but it is more common in older adults.
There are many types of cancer, each of which can occur in different parts of the body. Some common types of cancer include breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer. Each type of cancer has its own set of symptoms and treatments, and the course of the disease can vary widely depending on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the patient's overall health.
The exact cause of cancer is not fully understood, but a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors can increase the risk of developing cancer. Some of the known risk factors for cancer include tobacco use, exposure to certain chemicals and substances, unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity, and certain infections. It is also important to note that some people may have a genetic predisposition to cancer, which means that they are more likely to develop the disease due to inherited genetic mutations.
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer can be a complex and challenging process. In many cases, cancer is first detected through screening tests, such as mammograms or colonoscopies, which are designed to identify the disease in its early stages. If cancer is detected, the patient may undergo a biopsy, in which a sample of tissue is taken for further testing, to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type and stage of cancer.
Treatment options for cancer can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health and personal preferences. Some common treatments for cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies. In some cases, a combination of these treatments may be recommended.
Cancer can be a difficult and emotional experience for patients and their families. In addition to the physical challenges of treatment, many people with cancer also face psychological and social challenges, such as anxiety, depression, and financial difficulties. It is important for patients to seek support from loved ones, healthcare providers, and support groups during this time.
In conclusion, cancer is a complex and serious disease that can affect people of all ages. While there is no sure way to prevent cancer, there are steps that people can take to reduce their risk, such as avoiding tobacco, maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle, and getting regular screenings. With advances in research and treatment, many people with cancer are able to live full and productive lives, but it is important for patients to seek out the support and care they need throughout the course of their treatment.
Cancer Essay For Students In English
write an essay about cancer
In this movie, Vivian is a professor in seventeenth century poetry, specializing in the Holy Sonnets of John Donne and is slowly dying of advanced ovarian cancer. Defining the terms and theories It is essential for a student to explain the terms being used in the essay. This was said by Dr. I went ahead and made myself a bowl of cereal. Start thecancer essay writingwith a bright phrase that attracts attention. Microscopy will help to show that person has tumor cells and also to show whether the cells are malignant or benign Learn.
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Write An Essay On Prostate Cancer
write an essay about cancer
Kim with breast cancer. Secondary prevention seeks to detect cancer at the earliest possible stage when the disease is most likely to be treated successfully. When you have done, read it and make changes. Thus, it will increase the access to health services, and strengthen the health systems for low and middle-income people. We all can together fight against this disease and make our country cancer-free.
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How To Write An Essay On How Cancer Changed My Life
write an essay about cancer
Due to his broad and. Therefore, if you conduct a good study, you can easily come up with the idea that will help you uncover the topic. The cancer cells have already spread to tissues outside the abdomen and pelvis. Stage 3; in this stage, the tumor has metastasized to other body organs. If you do not pay enough attention to the writing process, the paper will be boring and irrelevant. Coming home and being engulfed in the smell of cancer made me want vomit.
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Approach to Care of Cancer Essay [1477 words]
write an essay about cancer
Therefore, it important that the patients fight this by engaging in light activities, vary activities, plan activities when at best, balance activities with rest, eat a balanced diet and sleep as advised. These integrative approach treats cancer in the patients while at the same time according support to the patients to help them reap maximum benefits out of life. . Now a month after my surgery I went back in for a checkup, they told me I needed to plan for therapy. Back then I did not care, all I know it had been stage four and they had limited choices.
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Cancer Essay Writing: Crucial Tips
write an essay about cancer
This leads to the development of mouth sores and thus important for a cancer patient to embrace good mouth hygiene. Local; this describes cancer that is only located in the body organ that it originated in. However, in a person suffering from cancer, this cycle is unchecked and hence the cell cycle passes through the checkpoints unhinged and the cells continue to grow. Some genetic malfunctions occur after birth and factors like exposure to the sun and smoking can increase the risks. Gender is more often than not thrown aside unless it is something that only that specific gender goes through, such as ovarian cancer. Since individuals are unique in their ways as is cancer in different individuals, it is of great significance for the caregivers of health to establish the point where their patients are and to assist them to cope in their unique ways. Write them down to analyze and make a final choice.
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Write An Essay On Ovarian Cancer
write an essay about cancer
They have made it possible for those who have cancer to have peace of mind and lifted spirits. However, we learned that she had the mutation BRCA and that lead to her sister being tested for the mutation. Students can also go through the list of What is Cancer? A surgical biopsy involves the removal of either the entire tumor if the surrounding cells are not affected or removal of a portion of the tumor. Cancer topics for an essay: interesting suggestions The topic of cancer is incredibly wide. Therefore, to ascertain that a person has cancer screening results and observation of symptoms are done. When the cancer spreads from the ovary to the vagina, this is known as stage 3B. In the process of studying the material, you can come up with other ideas for your topic.
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Narrative Essay On Cancer
write an essay about cancer
Stage 4; cancer at this stage has spread to even the far body organs, and multiple body systems have been involved NRS-410V Lecture 2, 2013. Cancer essay those on! Texture and color of that hair that regenerates may be different from the original one at the end of treatment. Regional; describes cancer that has already spread to the surrounding tissues and lymph node involvement is proven. The World Health Organisation estimates that 10 million people died of cancer in 2020, and more people will die in the coming years if action is not taken. Awareness and knowledge helps prevent ovarian Sherwood V. Then you can show the importance of the problem, the consequences of its spread.
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Cancer essay: Cancer Essay
write an essay about cancer
People should get rid of the smoking habit, make their lifestyle more active and healthier. You need to choose an interesting topic and understand what the audience expects from you. However, not all these positive effects sometimes work with many of the patients who develop depression due to the effect of this disease on their sexual efficiency. A hero is brave enough to face the world and help others in a time of need. However, in a person suffering from cancer, this cycle is unchecked and hence the cell cycle cancer essay through the checkpoints unhinged and the cells continue to grow. This is a very common type of disease that occurs in all countries and in different people. But this is not enough.
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write an essay about cancer
Cancer essay can be used for shrinking the tumors before the surgery. He goes on to write about the revolution and that Ghonim laments the loss young Egyptians that were killed. In order to ensure that you are not stricken with this cancer. Use only verified sources. Tumor cells are then observed under a microscope to determine how similar or different they are from the original cells Learn.
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