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Page:Report on the geology of the four counties, Union, Snyder, Mifflin and Juniata (IA reportongeologyo00dinv).pdf/348
320 F³.
From Richfield to Mahantango creek the Flintstone ridge is considerably broken down and its summits are much lower than further west. In the Mahantango gap in this ridge there is an excellent exposure of the Oriskany sandstone No. VII on the Juniata side of the creek, dipping S. 25° E. 40° and about 30′ thick, nearly all of it showing a bluish white quartzite, rough and without fossils. It is totally unlike the true sandstone as exposed through Mifflin county, but essentially the same in composition as the loose flint rock found everywhere through the Flintstone ridge to and beyond the Juniata river and properly explaining its name.
The exposure of this rock on the Snyder county side of the creek is even better; for while the exposure is not continuous, it shows in ledges through about 40° of measures which may be taken as its maximum thickness in this part of the field. Moreover this is one of the few places which display the contact between Nos. VI and VII. The top 60′ of No. VI here shows a series of intensely dark blue limestone, weathering gray, however, and in rough masses. It is thin-bedded and separated by layers of lime shale and is excessively hard. With an interval of about 60′, lower bands of gray and light-blue stone, seemingly of better quality and less siliceous, are opened in a small quarry showing about 20′ thick including some shaly members.
Most of the timber still left standing along the Flintstone ridge is white oak, the top of the ridge being especially well timbered in detached places.
This township lies immediately west of Monroe and along the Snyder county line, which cuts a triangular piece out of its extreme northeast corner; otherwise this township would be nearly rectangular in shape. It borders on Juniata county on the north, having the north Oneida crest of Shade mountain for a common line for about 4½ miles. The Snyder county line, passing diagonally across this mount- | WIKI |
Whether you are the push up king or struggle to get through a single rep, you will see huge benefits from this three-week push-up challenge.
Perfectly performed push-ups are one of the most powerful exercises you can do. They don't just target the chest they strengthen the triceps, deltoids, lats and much more.
In addition to helping you build muscle mass, push-ups can help you build a sustainable approach to fitness by setting goals. After all, you can do push-ups anytime and anywhere! And if the standard press up becomes to easy we have plenty of ways to make it more challenging.
Over the next 3 weeks you are going to become well accustomed to the press up. So buckle up and get ready.
Before we start we do need to make sure we have the correct form as doing these wrong can result in injury.
Here's what's wrong with a lot of people's push ups:
Hands are too wide
Lower back sags
Elbows flare out
Zero lat engagement
Neck and shoulders take over
Abs completely shut off and not functioning
If this is you then do not panic we can quickly go over the basics and work to attain the perfect push-up. You may need to retrain your brain to properly hold the plank position. Remember, sloppy form, especially when you're doing floor push-ups, can lead to injury.
To make sure you're using the right form, we have put together a few points for you to use to make sure you master the basics of the push up.
1) Make sure your head is neutral and in line with the spine.
2) Shoulders should be retracted, depressed and medially rotated towards the spine.
3) Hip Flexors and Core will be activated to keep the hip joint in line with the spine.
4) No Hip or knee sag. Hip Flexors should contract aggressively.
5) Feet will remain perpendicular to the floor as a result of staying tall on the toes, allowing optimal rotational movement of the body to occur.
I'm Already A Push-Up Master. What about me?
Congratulations on being the push up King or Queen. If traditional push-ups are too easy for you, you can make them harder in many ways! For instance:
Feet on an elevated surface
Hands on a suspension trainer
Hands on a ball or kettlebells of various heights or widths
Single-arm push-ups or progressions
The 3 week Perfect Push-Up Challenge
Directions
Find the position or surface that allows you to perform a perfect push up for your level. Break up the reps into as many sets as you need to maintain perfect—and I mean perfect—alignment and form. I recommend using relatively low reps in this challenge, so that you can move toward your push-up goals safely.
Remember, if your lower back sags and your neck and traps are doing the work, then it isn't considered a proper push-up. If you use this kind of form, you're teaching yourself a pattern that will hurt you more than help you down the road. These kinds of reps do not count!
As you begin to feel stronger and can complete your push-ups perfectly, try lowering your surface, or find a more challenging push-up progression that forces you to practice several perfect reps at a time.
Week 1: "Easy" Push-Up Progression Week
Day 1: 4/3/3/2=12
Day 2: 5/4/3/2=14
Day 3: 5/5/4/2=16
Day 4: Rest
Day 5: 6/5/5/3=19
Day 6: 7/6/5/3=21
Day 7: Rest
Week 2: Intermediate Push-Up Progression Week
Day 8: 4/4/4/4=16
Day 9: 5/5/5/5=20
Day 10: 5/5/5/5=20
Day 11: Rest
Day 12: 5/5/5/5=25
Day 13: 6/6/6/6/6=30
Day 14: Rest
Week 3: Challenging Progression Push-Up Week
Day 15: 5/5/5/5/5=25
Day 16: 7/7/7/7=28
Day 17: 6/6/6/6/6=30
Day 18: Rest
Day 19: 5/5/5/5/5/5/5/5=40
Day 20: Rest
Day 21: Test your push-up rep goal against what you started with, or see if you can hit your progression goal. For example: 50 push-ups in a row, or 1-2 single-arm push-ups per side.
This approach will allow you to develop your push up ability whilst making sure you have perfect form. Let me know how you get on or if you have any questions! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
1. Overview
In this tutorial, we’ll discuss two types of protocols: stateless and stateful, with examples.
Finally, we’ll present the core differences between them.
2. Introduction to Network Protocol
We can describe the communication between two devices using the OSI layer in computer networking. It contains 7 layers that help a sender deliver data to a receiver. In order to transfer data, the layers in the OSI model utilize several networking protocols:
Intro to Stateful and stateless
In networking, we can define a protocol as a set of instructions that helps data transmission between different devices within a network. There’re three main areas in networking where protocols are used: communication, security, and network management. The primary task of a protocol is to allow devices with differences in internal structure to communicate with each other efficiently.
A network protocol divides a large process into small functions or tasks. Furthermore, we execute a part of tasks at each level of a network in order to enable a protocol to run smoothly within a network.
Now while transferring data from one device to another, some protocols don’t store any information about the data being transmitted. In contrast, some protocols keep track of all the traffic between devices. Keeping track of data helps re-establish the connection in case of a network failure or other disruption.
Based on the information storing capability, we can divide the networking protocols into two broad categories: stateless and stateful. Both have benefits and drawbacks, but the one we should choose for our network depends on the specific needs. Let’s take a closer look at these two networking categories.
3. Stateless Protocol
A stateless protocol is a type of communication that doesn’t depend on previous communications between computers. In other words, stateless protocols don’t keep track of any information about the packets being sent. This is the primary difference between stateless and stateful protocols.
In a stateless protocol, if the connection between two computers is interrupted, the computers can pick up where they left off once the connection is re-established. Stateless protocols are best suited to brief and intermittent communications. Additionally, statelessness often doesn’t imply the absence of a state. It indicates that the state is being kept elsewhere. A stateless application externalizes its state rather than keeping it on the server.
We generally use stateless protocols in routing. Another common use of stateless protocols is in network address translation (NAT). In NAT, we assign a single IP address to the computers on a network. It’s beneficial because it reduces complexity and promotes scalability.
Firewalls control network access and prevent unauthorized access to systems and data. Since firewalls filter data packets, the stateless nature of these protocols is ideal.
HTTP is a stateless protocol since the client and server only communicate during the current request. Due to the protocol’s design, neither the client nor the server can keep data obtained through requests for various websites:
HTTP Stateless Full
A communications protocol called User Datagram Protocol (UDP) which is generally used to provide low-latency and loss-tolerant connections between applications, is another example of a stateless protocol.
4. Stateful Protocol
A stateful protocol keeps track of all the traffic between two communicating computers. In other words, stateful protocols remember what has happened to each packet so that they can quickly retransmit the packets in the event of a network failure.
We commonly use stateful protocols when two computers communicate over long periods, such as with virtual private networks (VPNs). Stateful protocols are beneficial for network administrators and network engineers. They allow quick retransmission of data. Additionally, the data loss during a network failure is less than the stateful protocols.
However, these protocols are more complex than stateless protocols and require more processing power. In addition, stateful protocols don’t work well in situations where the computers are involved in short-period communication. In the case of short-period communication, each computer has to build up a large amount of information before we can re-establish the connection.
A stateful application uses client session data that has been preserved to execute new transactions. It still uses a database for back-end storage. Additionally, it also stores data from prior interactions on the server on which it runs. It may execute subsequent transactions in the context of earlier ones it has access to.
Stateful applications employ remote sessions to preserve their states. In order to preserve states, all session data must be kept on the server. The remote session is a variation of client-server that seeks to reduce complexity or promote the reuse of the client components rather than the server component. Each client starts a session on the server, uses several server services, and ends the session. The server is where we store the states of the applications.
FTP server is an example of a stateful application. An FTP server behaves similarly to a stateful web service when communicating with it. Since the FTP server knows a user’s connection state, not every request needs authentication:
FTP
5. Differences
Now let’s talk about the core differences between the stateful and stateless protocols:
Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com
6. Conclusion
In this tutorial, we discussed two types of protocols: stateless and stateful.
Furthermore, we presented the core differences between them.
Comments are closed on this article! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Seaton Burn
Seaton Burn is a village in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, to the north of Newcastle upon Tyne, and adjacent to Wideopen which is just south of it. It is part of the wider Seaton valley in which some Seaton villages are in Northumberland, and others in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear. This is because the area lies on the border between the two counties.
The A1 used to pass through the village but now bypasses the village just to the west, where it meets the A19 which is the link road to the Tyne Tunnel.
Economy
Seaton Burn Colliery opened in 1844. By October 1852 the colliery was owned by John Bowes & Co. Employment rose to 1,311 in 1921, and steadily fell after that until it was closed by the National Coal Board on 17 August 1965. NCB Brenkley Colliery was based on the old Seaton Burn Colliery site and continued producing coal until 1986. Some of the old Seaton Burn/Brenkley Colliery buildings have been adapted into the modern buildings built on the old site. Remaining walls of the "Fitting Shop" and "Blacksmiths Shop" can be observed. These have been combined into the modern buildings that are now there. Little now remains of the mine except for the old Seaton Burn Wagonway leading southeast from the village. This linked with the line from the mine at Weetslade and then went east to link with both the East Coast Main Line and the line leading south to Percy Main. The old track bed has now been established as a cycleway and leads to a quite extensive cycle network in North Tyneside.
Landmarks
The Seaton is a stream that flows through southeastern Northumberland and reaches the North Sea at Seaton Sluice, after running through Holywell Dene.
Notable people
* Jack Carr (1876–1948), professional footballer with Newcastle United, born in Seaton Burn
* Robson Green, English actor, educated at North Gosforth Academy, previously called Seaton Burn College | WIKI |
134
I have a List<> of custom objects.
I need to find an object in this list by some property which is unique and update another property of this object.
What is the quickest way to do it?
12 Answers 12
159
Using Linq to find the object you can do:
var obj = myList.FirstOrDefault(x => x.MyProperty == myValue);
if (obj != null) obj.OtherProperty = newValue;
But in this case you might want to save the List into a Dictionary and use this instead:
// ... define after getting the List/Enumerable/whatever
var dict = myList.ToDictionary(x => x.MyProperty);
// ... somewhere in code
MyObject found;
if (dict.TryGetValue(myValue, out found)) found.OtherProperty = newValue;
9
• 5
Thanks CKoenig, will this get a reference to obj or value(copy)? in other words, will be the object inside the list changed?
– Burjua
Aug 25, 2011 at 12:10
• 6
I think that this would not work if the object is of type struct, make it a class:)
– Sara S.
Aug 25, 2011 at 12:10
• 47
Because you have a list of custom objects (assuming its a class and not a struct), you're dealing with a reference type, it will be a reference to that object and modifying it will "persist" - it will modify the object in the collection. Aug 25, 2011 at 12:14
• 1
this will find the reference (so yes it will be the object in the list) and it should work with structs too - but to be honest I had to try to be sure there - but I don't see why not ATM
– Random Dev
Aug 25, 2011 at 12:14
• 3
@CKoenig - It wouldn't work with structs, added a response below with code example to demonstrate Aug 25, 2011 at 12:26
45
Just to add to CKoenig's response. His answer will work as long as the class you're dealing with is a reference type (like a class). If the custom object were a struct, this is a value type, and the results of .FirstOrDefault will give you a local copy of that, which will mean it won't persist back to the collection, as this example shows:
struct MyStruct
{
public int TheValue { get; set; }
}
Test code:
List<MyStruct> coll = new List<MyStruct> {
new MyStruct {TheValue = 10},
new MyStruct {TheValue = 1},
new MyStruct {TheValue = 145},
};
var found = coll.FirstOrDefault(c => c.TheValue == 1);
found.TheValue = 12;
foreach (var myStruct in coll)
{
Console.WriteLine(myStruct.TheValue);
}
Console.ReadLine();
The output is 10,1,145
Change the struct to a class and the output is 10,12,145
HTH
2
• ok - thanks. my guess woult have been that you get a reference to the struct as well instead of a local copy.
– Random Dev
Aug 25, 2011 at 13:04
• 11 years later. This was the answer for me. Very non-intuitive for me though.
– Jim
Nov 24, 2022 at 4:35
26
or without linq
foreach(MyObject obj in myList)
{
if(obj.prop == someValue)
{
obj.otherProp = newValue;
break;
}
}
5
• 2
Yes, this is obvious answer, but I don't want to use foreach, I guess this is the slowest way to do it
– Burjua
Aug 25, 2011 at 13:39
• Can anyone comment on whether the LINQ method above is actually more efficient than this one? Aug 25, 2011 at 13:41
• 10
If there is any difference, the linq version is probably slower.
– Erix
Aug 25, 2011 at 13:50
• 8
@Burjua The perception is that we can see the actual loop happening in the foreach block, whereas in Linq/Lambda we don't, so we assume foreach is slower and try to avoid it. Reality is foreach/for/while loops are much faster.
– harsimranb
Aug 12, 2014 at 23:46
• Well slower/ faster I don't know which... but in my case I was dealing with small records anyway and didn't want to think about it to much. This worked! Nice touch with the break; Mar 19, 2018 at 18:09
15
Can also try.
_lstProductDetail.Where(S => S.ProductID == "")
.Select(S => { S.ProductPcs = "Update Value" ; return S; }).ToList();
1
• 3
This works with a list or an array, but not a IEnumerable Jan 19, 2018 at 13:26
8
You can do somthing like :
if (product != null) {
var products = Repository.Products;
var indexOf = products.IndexOf(products.Find(p => p.Id == product.Id));
Repository.Products[indexOf] = product;
// or
Repository.Products[indexOf].prop = product.prop;
}
7
var itemIndex = listObject.FindIndex(x => x == SomeSpecialCondition());
var item = listObject.ElementAt(itemIndex);
item.SomePropYouWantToChange = "yourNewValue";
2
• 2
There's no need to remove the object from the list and re-insert it (very inefficient). Objects are reference types. Once you have a reference to the object, just update the object as it is one and the same as the object in the list.
– humbads
Apr 30, 2019 at 3:08
• 3
One more suggestion. FindIndex may return -1, in which case ElementAt will throw an exception.
– humbads
Apr 30, 2019 at 16:55
5
This was a new discovery today - after having learned the class/struct reference lesson!
You can use Linq and "Single" if you know the item will be found, because Single returns a variable...
myList.Single(x => x.MyProperty == myValue).OtherProperty = newValue;
1
• 1
Worked precisely for my issue, as I did not want to create a new List<T>, and only wanted to update ONE property on an object within my List<T>
– Rob Scott
Feb 27, 2021 at 5:48
3
var index = yourList.FindIndex(x => x.yourProperty == externalProperty);
if (index > -1)
{
yourList[index] = yourNewObject;
}
yourlist now has the updated object inside of it.
3
I found a way of doing it in one Line of code unsing LINQ:
yourList.Where(yourObject => yourObject.property == "yourSearchProperty").Select(yourObject => { yourObject.secondProperty = "yourNewProperty"; return yourObject; }).ToList();
0
It is also worth mentioning that what Matt Roberts said applies to structs inside classes.
So even when you have a class (which will pass by reference, theoretically), a property which is a list of structs inside it will pass by value when you try to find it and change a value inside a given struct (on the list).
For instance (using the same code as Matt proposed):
ParentClass instance = new ParentClass();
var found = instance.ListofStruct.FirstOrDefault(c => c.TheValue == 1);
found.TheValue = 12;
foreach (var myStruct in instance.ListofStruct)
{
Console.WriteLine(myStruct.TheValue);
}
Console.ReadLine();
public class ParentClass
{
public List<MyStruct> ListofStruct { get; set; }
public struct MyStruct
{
public int TheValue { get; set; }
}
public ParentClass()
{
ListofStruct = new List<MyStruct>()
{
new MyStruct {TheValue = 10},
new MyStruct {TheValue = 1},
new MyStruct {TheValue = 145}
};
}
}
Will output: 10, 1, 145
Whereas changing the struct (inside the ParentClass) to a class, like this:
public class ParentClass
{
public List<MySubClass> ListofClass { get; set; }
public class MySubClass
{
public int TheValue { get; set; }
}
public ParentClass()
{
ListofClass = new List<MySubClass>()
{
new MySubClass {TheValue = 10},
new MySubClass {TheValue = 1},
new MySubClass {TheValue = 145}
};
}
}
Will output: 10, 12, 145
-1
//Find whether the element present in the existing list
if (myList.Any(x => x.key == "apple"))
{
//Get that Item
var item = myList.FirstOrDefault(x => x.key == ol."apple");
//update that item
item.Qty = "your new value";
}
-1
This is the simplest and complete process, I used .Net 6:
public void UpdateGPA(Student student)
{
Student student1 = students.First(x => x.Name == student.Name);
students.Remove(student1);
students.Add(student);
}
where the class and list are:
public class Student
{
public string Name { get; set; } = string.Empty;
public double GPA { get; set; }
}
List<Student> students = new List<Student>();
You can use FirstOrDefault and null checking.
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1.8: Physiology 2 Flashcards Preview
Ophthalmology > 1.8: Physiology 2 > Flashcards
Flashcards in 1.8: Physiology 2 Deck (32):
1
Give a quick summary of how vision works?
1. The amount of light hitting the retina is regulated by the eye 2. Lights falls upon the rods and cones in the retina 3. Energy from waves of photons is changed into signals 4. Brain receives and interprets signals
2
Describe the order of the cells of the retina involved in signal transmission? (Front of the eye to the back)
- Optic Nerve Cells - Ganglion Axons - Ganglion Cells - Bipolar Cells - Photoreceptors
3
Describe the direct pathway for signal transmission?
- Photoreceptors - Bipolar Cells - Ganglion Cells - Ganglion Axons - Optic Nerve
4
Describe how the retina is considered 'back to front' when it comes to signal transmission?
The optic nerve cells and ganglion axons are furthest forward The Photoreceptors are furthest back However, light hits the photoreceptors first then travels forward
5
What are the two types of photoreceptors?
Rods Cones
6
Function of photoreceptors?
Convert light into neural signs
7
Describe rods and cones?
Rods are found on the periphery and work best in dark, low level light conditions (Eg: Night) Cones are central and work best in high level light conditions (Eg: Daytime) and colour
8
Describe the structure of a photoreceptor?
Synaptic Terminal Inner Segment Cell Body Outer Segment
9
What is in the outer segment of photoreceptors?
There is are membranous disks containing photopigment
10
Describe the physiology of phototransduction?
Photoreceptors have a depolarized resting membrane potential When light is shone, a cGMP-gated Na+ channel closes This causes hyperpolarization The change in Na+ is the signal that allows the brain to perceive objects in the visual field
11
What channel is involved in phototransduction? When is it open, when is it closed? What is this current called?
cGMP-gated Na+ channel Closed during light, open during dark This is the dark current
12
What is the dark current?
This is a cGMP-gated Na+ channel that is open during the dark and closed during the light
13
What is the photopigment in rods called?
Rhodopsin
14
What is retinal? Where is it found?
Retinal is the light-absorbing part of photopigment Opsin (the G-protein coupled receptor) makes a pocket where retinal is found
15
Rhodopsin = X + Y What does X mean? What does Y mean?
Rhodopsin = Opsin + Retinal Opsin is a G-protein coupled receptor Retinal is the light absorbing part
16
What confirmation of Retinal is used in phototransduction?
11-Cis-Retinal
17
What is retinal derived from?
Vitamin A
18
What happens when 11-cis-retinal absorbs a photon of light?
It becomes all-trans retinal This is the active form
19
What happens once 11-cis-retinal has been converted into all-trans-retinal?
This causes closure of cGMP Na+ Gate There is reduced Na+ entry This results in hyperpolarization
20
http://sites.sinauer.com/neuroscience5e/animations11.02.html Watch this animation
...
21
What molecule regulates the dark current?
Rhodopsin
22
What facilitates visual acuity?
Photoreceptor spacing
23
Where is the highest number of cones?
Fovea
24
Where is the highest number of rods?
Periphery
25
What part of the electromagnetic spectrum can we detect?
Only visible light
26
What colour do the short wave cones detect?
Blue
27
What colour do the medium wave cones detect?
Green
28
What colour do the long wave cones detect?
Red
29
Compare visual acuity between rods and cones?
Rods = Low Visual Acuity Cones = High Visual Acuity
30
Compare convergence between rods and cones?
High Convergence = Rods Low convergence = Cones
31
Describe light sensitivity between rods and cones?
Rods = High sensitivity Cones = Low Light Sensitivity
32
Nerve fibres from the XXX half of each retina cross at the optic chiasm. XXX =?
Nerve fibres from the NASAL half of each retina cross at the optic chiasm | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Film puts spotlight on landless estate workers in southern India
BANGKOK (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Plantation workers in southern India are the unlikely subjects of a Tamil language film whose director said he wanted to draw attention to their struggles, which remain largely unchanged despite the country’s fast economic growth. “Merku Thodarchi Malai” (The Western Ghats), shows the daily lives of workers on cardamom estates in the hills on the frontiers of Tamil Nadu and Kerala states, and explores themes of landlessness, migration, caste and human-animal conflict. The film is the latest regional-language flick to focus on social issues that India’s big-budget Bollywood movies generally shy away from. Director Lenin Bharathi said he grew up in villages like the ones in the film, with his parents working on a cardamom estate. He said he was influenced by the tough lives of the laborers. “Nothing has changed for them, even though everyone says globalization has improved everyone’s lives,” he told the Thomson Reuters Foundation over the phone. “In fact, conditions are worse, because there is automation - so there are fewer jobs, and most workers have no job security. There are also more migrant workers who get lower wages and are too scared to complain,” he said. About two-thirds of India’s 1.3 billion people depend directly or indirectly on the land for their livelihoods. Farmer unrest has risen recently over poor output prices and the lack of adequate government subsidies. [nL8N1J623F] Workers on India’s tea, coffee and cardamom estates are generally indentured, and often face exploitation and harsh conditions in remote areas with limited access to welfare services, rights groups say. [nL3N1S31M4] Landlessness in India is tied to an entrenched caste system, Bharathi said, despite laws banning caste discrimination, and government efforts to redistribute land. More than half of India’s lower-caste population is landless, official data show. Landless Dalits are at the bottom of the age-old social hierarchy, making them vulnerable to bias and deadly attacks by upper-caste Hindus. [nL8N1TR07H] Bharathi said keeping some of the population landless is in the interest of the wealthy class. “If they get land, then who will do the dirty, low-paid work?” While politicians and corporations speak of improving the lives of future generations of poor people, widespread prejudice continues to hold them back, he said. “For the workers that I saw growing up - their children were never able to access better education or job opportunities because of those biases,” said Bharathi. The cast of the film, which is Bharathi’s directorial debut, is made up mostly of villagers from the area with no acting experience, he said. The film was released in India last week. It has made the rounds of several international film festivals, where it has been well received, Bharathi said - including a special screening requested by farmers in rural southern France. “The themes of the film resonated with them, too,” he said. Reporting by Rina Chandran @rinachandran. Editing by Jared Ferrie. Please credit the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, women's rights, trafficking, property rights, climate change and resilience. Visit news.trust.org to see more stories. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Rexelceos
Name
Rex Rommel (Gardoce) Ramos
Usernames
piLyongpiLay --which is Filipino for "a naughty lame boy."
Rexelceos --which is "R" + the last 2 letters of each part of my name
Location
I am from the Philippines, specifically Santa Rosa, Laguna. | WIKI |
Talk:Saab 35 Draken/Archive 1
Survivors list should be adressed
As mentioned in a previous comment, I suggest this section is moved to a sub page and vastly expanded. Partly because I'm no fan of long lists on a main Wiki page but mostly because the list can be vastly expanded. There are lots and lots of preserved Drakens around the world, in Sweden alone there are no less than 39 (known) aircraft! Certainly a subject worth exploring further. Per80 (talk) 03:12, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
An additional displayed Draken
There is a Draken on display at the Mannaminne exhibition in Nordingrå, Sweden. There's even a picture on Wikimedia: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saab_J-35_Draken_at_Mannaminne.jpg — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:26, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
* There are no less than 39(!) known preserved Drakens in Sweden alone and several more around the world besides from those few mentioned in the list. Definately a subject worth expanding. Per80 (talk) 15:39, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
How many crashed?
How many of the Draken crashed? RGDS Alexmcfire
* Counting all air forces I get 141 crashes killing 34 pilots. I'm not sure yet if that includes the only civilian crash so far in the states were the pilot survived. --Towpilot 19:20, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
Number built?
Number built? According to Saab information papers 604 aircraft were constructed. The article says 615. What is the source?
* I've changed this to 644 and cited the book Saab commissioned as its official history. The text reads (pg 55): "In all, 644 Drakens were built, 52 being sold to the Danish Air force. Finland, in addition to urchasing a number of Swedish-built 35Bs, also produced 12 of the aircraft at its own Valmet plant." Akradecki 17:05, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
* That comes to 652. I counted 651 with 51 going to Denmark!--Petebutt (talk) 09:47, 15 September 2013 (UTC)
First supersonic
The J35 was the first European-built combat aircraft with true supersonic capability.
removed this as the English Electric Lightning was 8 years earlier.
8 years? Now you're being a little too optimistic. The EE Lightning prototype flew in 1954, the 35A Draken in 1955 (the SAAB 210 mini-Draken flew in 1952 though) but aircraft actually fitted for combat were seeing operational service in 1959 in both cases. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:40, 1 October 2009 (UTC)
* At the time Britain wasn't part of Europe. It only became part of Europe when it joined the EEC in 1973. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:21, 20 November 2017 (UTC)
* Europe is a continent not an economic bloc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:23C4:4784:1B00:64B9:17D8:CF4B:6CB7 (talk) 08:31, 27 May 2021 (UTC)
* Sorry for the necro but i want to clarify some things. The Saab 35 does achieve the title of the first European-built combat aircraft with true supersonic capability "to enter service".
* The first production variant of the EE Lightning (the F.1) entered service with the "Air Fighting Development Squadron" in May 1960 (which isn't really a true combat squadron), later joining the combat squadron No. 74 Squadron RAF on July 11 1960 (if english Wikipedia is to be trusted).
* The first J35A entered service with Bråvalla Wing on March 8 1960. Thus entering service before the F.1 by about 2 months.
* Preproduction variants of both aircraft were service-trialed before 1960 but since pre-production aircraft only saw "service" in small numbers (three P.1B Lightnings to "Air Fighting Development Squadron" on December 23 1959; one J35A1 to Försökscentralen in August 1958) neither aircraft really entered true service in 1959.--Blockhaj (talk) 10:30, 27 May 2021 (UTC)
* That's original research. We need to cite reliable published sources that state this claim. BilCat (talk) 19:03, 27 May 2021 (UTC)
Name
* I have heard Mr Erik Bratt, the Chief Designer of the entire SAAB 35 projekt, in person, confirm that the word "Draken" is referring to the shape of a kite, and not to the mythical animal "Dragon"! Alltough, the fact that the word in Swedish do have a double meaning, he said, gave it "An Edge"!
* Also, the Swedish Air Force designation system of airplanes always have a space between the letter and the number, like in "J 35A". It is not correct to write "J35A"! There are no exepctions! A dash doesn't count as space, i.e. J-35 is also incorrect! --Towpilot 02:04, 18 March 2006 (UTC)
Does anybody know if the Kite that the name refers to is the toy kite, or the bird kite? The hyperlink currently goes to the toy, I'm not sure whether it should be to the other one or not. --grsing
* I am pretty sure that the reference is to the toy kite. MoRsE 21:52, 16 December 2006 (UTC)
* You are correct MoRsE! It's a reference to the shape of a "simple geometric kite"!--Towpilot 13:12, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
A trivia is that Erik Bratt, during a seminar on the Draken, casually and wittingly mentions that "it is not every day one's wife gets an aircraft named after her". Mrs. Bratt was not in the audience and I'm not sure she would have appreciated it. T96 grh 21:21, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
* According to Erik Bratt, she's actually the one who cracked that joke herself. He was talking about it the same time he confirmed the real meaning of the name, as mentioned above, and I think it might be in his own autobiography "Silvervingar" as well. Any which way, it's still a good story :-) --Towpilot 05:00, 14 September 2007 (UTC)
Supersonic capability
Draken was NOT capable of Mach 2.0. Not even close, the intake design prevents it. J-35F was capable of about Mach 1.6. D might have been somewhat faster, but not Mach 2.--Mikoyan21 11:02, 4 May 2006 (UTC)
* I just verified the specs against two different sources. Both cite 2125 km/h at 11,000 m which is Mach 2. What's your reference? A fixed intake does not automatically preclude Mach 2 performance because the aerodynamic effects of adjacent airframe components (e.g. nose cone) can provide good pressure recovery. F-16 is certainly Mach 2 capable with a fixed intake. - Emt147 Burninate! 16:22, 4 May 2006 (UTC)
* Finnish Air Force stated numerous times that top speed of Draken (they had models B, C and F/S) was about Mach 1.6. Finnish MiG pilots had Mach 2 acceleration as a part of their initiation ritual - this was because MiG was only Finnish plane capable of achieving that speed (ie. Draken was not). Yes, I've also seen it claimed numerous times that Draken was capable of Mach 2. There are several possibilities: one is that Swedes measured ground speed from a plane which was in strong jet stream; other was that they had specificially modified Draken capable of breaking Mach 2 barrier, for promotional purposes. Caveat here is that D was lighter than F, so it may have been slightly faster; however, the aerodynamics were nearly identical so I remain doubtful. --Mikoyan21 19:02, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
I'm not questioning your personal experience but again, all of my sources cite Mach 2 as the top speed. It's certainly credible for an extremely low aspect ratio (1.8) aircraft with a thrust/weight ratio of 0.70. Were Finnish Drakens limited to Mach 1.6 by thrust or shockwave hitting the compressor/other airflow-related issues? - Emt147 Burninate! 22:56, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
* I've always seen intake design mentioned as a limiting factor. As for thrust, Finnish Drakens obviously had same engines as Swedish ones. I admit I'm not expert at all on supersonic aerodynamics, but it is notoriously difficult for aircraft with fixed inlets to achieve Mach 2 (F-16 inlet is of course completely different from Draken inlets). Almost all Draken's contemporaries (MiG-21, Mirage, Starfighter, Lightning etc) had variable inlets. Operationally, the difference is of course not that big because fighters almost never use their top speed in operational use, but it may have been major point in marketing in the '60s, so I wouldn't wonder if Saab for example, built a test plane with modified inlets for breaking Mach 2 barrier. This is of course complete speculation. I wonder if people at NTPS would answer if I asked them, they still operate Drakens.--Mikoyan21 13:08, 6 May 2006 (UTC)
The F-104 inlets are fixed, not variable. MiG-21 and EE Lightning have no choice but to use a variable inlet because the inlet is at the very front of the aircraft. As I mentioned above, with inlets moved further back, the adjacent aircraft structure can be designed to set up the correct airflow and shockwaves. I can only speculate about the Draken but I know for a fact this is how the F-16 gets away with a fixed inlet and Mach 2 performance. I've never seen anything other than Mach 2 written as the Draken top speed and it's not implausible so honestly I never questioned it. I'd be curious what you can find. - Emt147 Burninate! 02:17, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
* My mistake, I was under impression that those spiked cones in F-104 inlets were indeed movable. At any rate, Draken does not have this feature. My problem with this is that if Draken was capable of Mach 2, you'd expect FAF kinda mention it.--Mikoyan21 09:56, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
Certainly an unsatisfying situation, but all the sources concur (or they all cite the same incorrect primary source... no way to tell). - Emt147 Burninate! 17:30, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
* The only reference I could find here (most of my library is in my other apartment) is Bill Gunston's "The History of Aviation" (Militärflygets historia), it mentions:
* "Later versions carried a heavy bomb load and reconnaissance equipment and still reached Mach 2 (without external bomb loads or drop tanks).
* When you mention it, I also remember having read in Finnish sources that the MiG-21 was the only Mach 2 -capable aircraft in Finland. At the time I didn't reflect over it, but now it makes me curious. The two things that comes to mind is that either the Finns deliberately stated that they did not perform that good at all, saving the little extra as a bad surprise for an eventual enemy, I know they have done so in other cases, the other thing is that they perhaps they did something with the engines in Finland. Perhaps they made some modifications that affected their top speed? This suggestions are however speculations. -MoRsΞ 20:45, 24 September 2006 (UTC)
From the book, The Saab-Scania Story, ISBN 91-7886-014-8, page 54: "Equipped with the completely new Rolls-Royce RB Series 300 Avon engine with an afterburner, the 35D became the first Draken to reach Mach 2. The combined D/F prototype made its first flight on 27 December 1960." Akradecki 17:09, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
* SAABs own history fact sheet says 2+ Mach at >40000ft, presumably referring to the D. It is worth noting that the intake design was slightly revised for the D, suggesting that they had engine airflow related issues that became apparent when attempting to pursue the SwAF's standing M 1.8+ (sustained) requirement. With that in mind and the fact that it also had maximum wet thrust increased to some 80kN (T/W ratio of >0.7 under good circumstances) with the RM6C, the D model ultimately becoming a proper M 2.0 capable aircraft doesn't seem implausible at all. Add to that the 1.7 aspect ratio, the highly swept compound delta (80/57) etc. and it would actually seem a bit strange for it not to be able to reach M 2.0. I am curious about the FAF assessment that has been relayed by Mikoyan21, did they fly Drakens that corresponded to SwAF D units in terms of hardware and base aerodynamics? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:54, 5 December 2012 (UTC)
Stop mixing different variants of the Draken when Mach numbers are discussed. The J35 A B & C versions with the weaker RM6B (or Avon 200) engine did mach 1.8 out of the factory. Anything from the J35D onwards had the RM6C (Avon 300) and could do mach 2. The finish example seems flawed because all draken versions are bunched up not to mention that finland had alot of used aircraft in the inventory where the engines might have lost some thrust with the years. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:54, 19 May 2013 (UTC)
The speed was max Mach 1.6 in peace time to limit engine and frame wear. In war mode without limitations, the speed was above Mach 2. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:47, 19 December 2013 (UTC)
Image removal
Is there a good reason for removal of the image? Ballista 04:37, 28 May 2006 (UTC)
* The source image was deleted from Wikipedia. Don't know why (not on my watchlist) but I would guess incorrect/missing tags and/or copyvio. The same deal on the Viggen page. - Emt147 Burninate! 04:58, 28 May 2006 (UTC)
Ahah - that's a good 'nuff reason! - how are press photos from SAAB themselves? - I have a few (some of Draken, too, I think - how would they be affected by copyright? - Ballista 20:21, 28 May 2006 (UTC)
* If you know for certain they are promotional photographs, cite author/souce (if know) and tag with . Applying the Fair Use clause to photos of modern aircraft is iffy since it is at least theoretically possible for someone to take a non-copyrighted photo of the subject. - Emt147 Burninate! 21:03, 28 May 2006 (UTC)
* I've added one of my own photos of one of the Desert Drakens. If you download the hi-res version, you'll notice an Irish Shamrock on the tail...the head of NTPS is Irish, and he's the primary pilot of this aircraft. Akradecki 17:20, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
Saab 210
The Saab 210 Draken (correct name by Saab!) is not a variant of Saab 35 Draken per se! It's a completely different airplane that offcourse should be in the history but not in a list of the Saab 35 variants!--Towpilot 08:02, 16 February 2007 (UTC)
* Ok,new version about variants a little bit better but, the correct name is still "Saab 210 Draken"! --Towpilot 07:20, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
* The number 210 is an airforce number and not a Saab number. Not that it matters here but i just wanted to throw it out there.--Blockhaj (talk) 07:08, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
Film appearances section
I don't know that the use of the Draken in the movie Fire Birds is notable enough to list here. I am taking it back out for now, please discuss here. Georgewilliamherbert 01:46, 28 April 2007 (UTC)
* You are correct. This is total cruft. - Emt147 Burninate! 21:08, 28 April 2007 (UTC)
* OK, let's take everything about popculture anywhere in any article out, or keep this very very rare appereance in the text! For example, make sure all references to pop culture in the text about F-14 Tomcat is instantly removed if stuff like this doesn't interrest you! There should be No exemptions! --Towpilot 02:16, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
* I think you're talking to the wrong people about that. We'd rather all Pop-culture references be taken out, including Top Gun references in the F-14 page. However, the consensus is the "especially notable" appearances should be kept. If you want the Firebirds mention, you need to prove it is especially notable using verifiable sources per WP:TRIV and WP:AIR page content guidleines. - BillCJ 03:34, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
* I for one would keep the Top Gun one anyways, but this one is just too minor to bother mentioning. Really. Georgewilliamherbert 04:56, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
* The irony here is that this appearence is the only one ever (so far) by an ex. military Saab aircraft in a Hollywood production, and that's exactly why it's "especially notable" in an article about the airplane! In fact, unlike Saab 29, 32 and 37, the Saab 35 have never ever appeared in any other feature movie either! --Towpilot 21:50, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
* You're missing the point. Only very, very notable appearances - where the aircraft becomes a major focal point of the movie, not just another part of the action - deserve mentions on the aircraft article (or so we assert; others disagree). Of fighter jets, the only Hollywood movie appearance where the jet becomes a major focal point, in recent history (post-1970 at least), is Top Gun. There have been hundreds of movies with various fighters since then - none of them rise to that level of importance for the jet. Certainly not Firebirds. Georgewilliamherbert 01:44, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
* I would probably have agreed if we would have been talking about the article about the movie only, but now it's all about the airplane itself. This airplane wasn't randomly picked by the production company. They were looking for something that wouldn't be recognzied by the "general audience" (like the F-5 in "Top Gun"). The airplane ended up in USA trough a museum trade and wasn't supposed to fly at all. A matter of fact, the condition was specified "for static display only!" to even allow export from Sweden. When the movie premiered in Sweden, I wrote an article in an aviation magazine there about the use of this airplane. This caused severe political turbulence about high performace airplane export, and actually changed the laws accordingly! Not my intention, but interestingly how a Hollywood B-movie ends up as a hot political subjet across the Atlantic! This really makes the use of a Saab 35 "especially notable" in this case. I can understand that some people couldn't care less about movies or airplanes, but this is not written for them. I was planning to write more about this "especially notable" appearence down the road, but maybe I should start delete stuff I find not interresting in articles I don't know much about instead.--Towpilot 18:09, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
* The point on "especially notable" is that it usually requires a verifiable source attesting to its notability. If you can provide links to such articles (wouldn't mind listing yours too, but we'd need at least one more due to self-interest), it would lend weight to your case. Second, "notable" is not the same as "interesting". But if you want to delete all the non-notble cruft you find, go to it! I'll support you, but you'll find lots of opposition too from every owner of a particular video game who thinks his game is notable! - BillCJ 18:59, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
* Another trivial addition, I remember that the aircraft also appeared in the French comic book series "Tanguy et Laverdure" ("Jaktfalkarna" in Swedish) (see image). If I remember correctly (it has been some 20 years since I read them) they were supposed to be South American fighters, possibly Brazilian.--MoRsE 18:19, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
* Is there a Wikipedia policy against fun facts? Geez. I'm going to write in a Trivia section where I mention the movie appearence. I think it's funny and interesting enough to warrant a mention, and the movie article already links to this one as well. It's not as if the article is already so long that it can't handle a single little heading... Elrith 19:20, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
* This is an encyclopedia, not a random collection of facts (see WP:NOT). Please respect consensus and leave the movie out of this article. Georgewilliamherbert 21:03, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
* Note, no consensus has been reached, perhaps this issue is reaching a "heated" stage whereas it seems to be of a trivial nature. FWIW, IMHO: Bzuk 23:47, 3 May 2007 (UTC).
* Three people over a period of what, four days, is a Wikipedia consensus now? Good grief. I count three people for deletion and two against. That isn't a consensus where I come from.
* I for one think that the movie appearance is an interesting bit of trivia. Anyone who has seen the movie and knows anything about aircraft is bound to wonder why a Draken was used and where it came from. The information fits in the article just fine and doesn't detract in any way from it. IMHO deleting stuff like this is just stupid. Elrith 11:12, 4 May 2007 (UTC)
* There is no "hard-and-fast" rule over asking for consensus of a controversial issue but in my limtied experience, you first have to clearly identify that there is call for consensus (which I can't readily see in this set of discussion comments, above), and usually set out the parameters for consensus to be reached. For example, in the case of the recent renaming of the Winnipeg International Airport, a call for consensus in changing the article title was made. A period of seven days was established in order for respondents to add their commentary. After the end of the discussion period, the original poster then reviewed the number of "pro" and "con" submissions and made a determination as to consensus. Consensus does not always mean majority, it does mean the majority of interested participants would be able to live with the final decision made, at least that is the generally understood "business leadership" application of the term. If there is truly a need for consensus on this issue, it is up to the original party to make that determination, otherwise, this issue will revert into an edit war as to what "significant" or "relevant" or "notable" actually means in context of the original posting (refresh my mind here, it is about the mention of an aircraft in a popular film? is it not? my mind wandered here as it seems a lot of time has been expended over this topic, but nontheless, IMHO, let's resolve it once and for all in this forum). Bzuk 12:34, 4 May 2007 (UTC).
Tailless aircraft category
Just to clarify something (which I'm going to add to the article), the category is referring to a lack of horizontal tailplanes (separate elevator and horizontal stabilizer from the wing proper), not to lacking a rudder/vertical stabilizer. The Draken has a rudder, but not a horizontal stabilizer. Georgewilliamherbert 21:03, 27 September 2007 (UTC)
Crashes in Swedish service
in 1995 135 aircrafts had crashed in sweden alone according to the book Draken by Bo Widfelt
Name, Round 2
The ongoing low-grade edit war between the "experts" on the Swedish language and the aircraft's history needs to stop. In the absense of cited published, verifiable reliable sources, I've removed the translation. Please don not re-add any info regarding the name without citing a reliable source that can be verified independently. This does not include verbal info overhead in meetings or presentations, as that info is not published or verifiable. If you "saw it in a book somewhere", that's not sufficient; track down the book, then cite it, including page numbers. Thanks. - BillCJ (talk) 18:54, 4 May 2008 (UTC)
* There, there, don't be ashamed because you have no clue about this subject. I do not speak any greek and would therefor never make such a low-grade comment as above if you corrected a persistent miss-translation from greek, almost accepted by the old "two wrongs make a right" principle. I may not be an "expert", but Swedish is my first language and I dare anyone to prove me wrong that the given name "Draken" should be "The Kite" and not "kite". If so, I'm willing to listen. It will be veeeeery interesting. I don't mind having no translation about the name in the article, but if it should be there it should be absolutely correct (this is an encyklopedia, remember) and not based upon a longliving importunate myth that is (and this may shock you!) completely incorrect despite the fact it's been published before and therefor according to you is "verifiable" and "reliable"!
* It's also very interesting that solid information directly from the mouth of the source isn't good enough or "reliable" for Wikipedia! It's not even abot a private research in this case. Erik Bratt writes about the chosen name in his aoutobiography "Silvervingar", (in english:"Silver Wings". Yeah trust me, that's exactly what it translate to!), but it's written in Swedish so I see no meaning in giving you page number to something you would not understand. How would you know I'm not lying? How would you know the book even exist if you can't find it at Barnes & Noble? --Towpilot (talk) 22:39, 4 May 2008 (UTC)
* If you have a reliable source for the name (even if it is in Swedish) - then cite it - if not then it is better to keep it out. See Verifiability - "The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth—meaning, in this context, whether readers are able to check that material added to Wikipedia has already been published by a reliable source, not whether we think it is true. Editors should provide a reliable source for quotations and for any material that is challenged or is likely to be challenged, or the material may be removed." - this is official Wikipedia Policy.Nigel Ish (talk) 08:57, 5 May 2008 (UTC)
Thanks, Nigel. Towpilot, the problem is that other Swedish speakers are some of the ones disagreeing with you. If this were a firm, settled issue, then there would be no disagreement. That is why I am appealing to WP policy to try to settle this. If there are competing views from published reliable sources, then the solution per policy is to cite both sources. You can cite the Erik Bratt book as the source of the story, but we're still left with the translation issue if the book's in Swedish. Perhaps a reputable Swedish-English dictionary can be cited if the book has not been translated into English and is not available at my local supermarket where I buy my books. - BillCJ (talk) 09:15, 5 May 2008 (UTC)
Towpilot (and others), the naming of Saab 35 was two-fold - both Dragon and Kite are correct in this case. Dragon from the mythological convention in Swedish military, and Kite for the wing planform resemblance of the toy. The Dragon-name was also used by the Saab 35 pilots in "Drakriddarorden" (The order of the dragon knights). The same witty dual-naming was applied to the Saab 37 Viggen where 'vigg' is thunderbolt (that come from the clap of Mjolnir's hammer) and also a duck which in French is called 'canard' (with reference to the canard wings). Urban Fredriksson mention the dual naming here: T96 grh (talk) 06:04, 19 May 2008 (UTC)
* That the Swedish word drake can mean either "kite" or "dragon" is not a disputable fact and it doesn't require dedicated referencing. If someone want's to include various other tidbits about the reasoning behind the name, they should dig up some sources. Until then, I don't really see the point of smearing this dispute all over the lead.
* Concering the translation, it should be noted that we're providing a translation of a term, rather than giving the plane an English name, meaning it should be written with lower-case letters. And while I know that purists will probably disagree with me on this one, I think we should also remove the definite articles. Yes, the Swedish names are formally in the definite form, but that's rather irrelevant in a translation like this since names of fighter aircraft in English are refered to without a definite article.
* And could we try to go easy on the wikilinkage? Both kite and dragon are largely irrelevant links in context.
* Peter Isotalo 07:24, 20 May 2008 (UTC)
* I have absolutly no clue were you could have dug up any information saying that Draken would be referred to as a "term". What kind of term? It's not a technical term, so what exactly do you mean? It's undisputable a given name like Mustang, Spitfire, Lightning or any other aircraft name, wich like in this case never was used by the military operator, but more for the purpose of marketing. If you don't want to translate it at all, fine. Then leave it out. But if you do, it have to be correct! That fighter names (or rather any airplane name) are normally referred to without a definite article in English is the real irrelevant fact here since it's not about an English or American aircraft! It's about a Swedish airplane with a Swedish name, remember. And if now a translation is considered a necessity by someone, both kite and dragon are largely relevant links in context, proven by the long ongoing confusion about the meaning and background of the name. Since we are on the subject, the SAAB 29 was never ever given a name at all by SAAB! It was first called "Flygande Tunnan" (The Flying Barrel) in media only, wich was eventually shortened to "Tunnan" (The Barrel). Soon it became a name (and defenitely not a term!) used by everyone. SAAB didn't even like it according to Lars Brising, the chief designer of the SAAB 29 project. To say that "Tunnan" is a "term" is just plain stupid and only show your lack of any knowledge in aviation history in general, and Swedish aviation history in specific!! --Towpilot (talk) 06:51, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
* I think we're kinda talking past each other. I'm refering to the issue of proper translation. The way I see it is that translations of names that are not actually official are merely translations of terms. Now, If Draken had an official alternative name in English, like a NATO reporting name, then it should be capitalized. But in this case the official name is Draken, and not "(The) Dragon". Just for comparison, translating the name of the P-38 to Swedish would be "blixt(en)" not "Blixt(en)". If I translated fighter names into Swedish, I would also consider using the definite form, since this is how it's done with Swedish aicraft.
* As for linkage, I think we can both agree that anyone who can master enough English to read the lead knows perfectly well what both kites and dragons are. They don't need wikilinkage to understand the connection. Neither of those articles provide any immidiatelely accessible clarity concerning the naming of this aicraft, the double meaning of the Swedish word drake and especially not the topic of fighter aircraft. They do, however, create rather pointless distractions.
* Peter Isotalo 16:24, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
* This is exactly why I think a translation of the different names (not "terms") of SAAB aircraft is unnecessary to begin with! None of them have been official in English by SAAB anyway. If not anyone else remove them, I will. --Towpilot (talk) 09:43, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
* A translation of the meaning of the word drake is a service for the vast majority of readers who don't speak Swedish. As long as the article text doesn't insinuate that the translations are somehow official there is no point in removing them.
* Peter Isotalo 15:26, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
* Jane's all the Worlds Aircraft usually brings a translation in brackets of Swedish aircraft. In the 1977-78 issue there is a Saab 35 Draken article. I don't have this edition but I'm confident, that Jane's' translation is there. --Regards, Necessary Evil (talk) 21:33, 13 May 2010 (UTC)
* I've been reading the old Jane's from the 1970s - all of them have given up translating "Draken". The headlines are: "SAAB 35 DRAKEN" and "SAAB 37 VIGGEN (THUNDERBOLT)". The newest Jane's has a "English name: Griffin" in the "SAAB JAS 39 GRIPEN" article, for comparison. --Regards, Necessary Evil (talk) 17:44, 18 May 2010 (UTC)
Problem with those translations is that they disregard the Swedish naming tradition, stipulating that combat aircraft gets definite article while unarmed and civilian do not. For example of the latter, we have Saab Safir. BP OMowe (talk) 00:10, 16 August 2016 (UTC)
* A 1971 SAAB advertisement for the Draken here: — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:39, 14 May 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
My Kind of Music (Mel Tormé album)
My Kind of Music is a 1961 album by Mel Tormé. This was the last album that Tormé recorded for Verve Records.
Track listing
* 1) "You and the Night and the Music" (Howard Dietz, Arthur Schwartz) – 2:28
* 2) "A Stranger in Town" (Mel Tormé) – 2:55
* 3) "I Guess I'll Have to Change My Plan" (Dietz, Schwartz) – 3:07
* 4) "Born to Be Blue" (Tormé, Robert Wells) – 2:55
* 5) "County Fair" (Tormé) – 6:23
* 6) "Dancing in the Dark" (Dietz, Schwartz) – 2:41
* 7) "Welcome to the Club" (Tormé) – 4:01
* 8) "By Myself" (Dietz, Schwartz) – 3:19
* 9) "The Christmas Song" (Tormé, Wells) – 2:48
* 10) "Alone Together" (Dietz, Schwartz) – 2:47
* 11) "A Shine on Your Shoes" (Dietz, Schwartz) – 3:13
Personnel
* Mel Tormé - vocals
* Wally Stott - arranger, conductor
* Geoff Love
* Tony Osborne | WIKI |
Automatically export MySQL database to specified sql file.
Tutorials
Automatic Backup Scheduler for MySQL > Tutorials > Automatically export MySQL database to sql file.
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Please select the databases and MySQL items which you want to export on Step 3 of the Task Wizard and click Next to choose the options for storing the exported sql files.
Select Databases
The software can automatically export all of updates of the selected database, it can make incremental / differential export. You can quickly choose to export Tablespaces, Table Structure or Table Records, you can set up the Advanced Settings ( Innodb, Master and Slave, flush, lock, using hexadecimal notation, etc. ) to optimize the export.
Step 5: Choose the options for storing the exported sql files.
Please choose the options for storing the exported sql files on Step 4 of the Task Wizard and click Next to choose the options for uploading the backup files.
Backup Files Options
Export MySQL databases to the new file every time.
If you choose the option Back up databases to the new files every time, the software will export the selected databases to the specified folder and create new files every time. You can click Backup File Settings... to set up the options.
Backup Files Settings
1. How Many Files: You can export all of the selected databases to a single file each time or export different databases to different files.
2. Backup Files: You can enter a name or use the MACRO variables to create a new sql file every time.
3. Automation Deletion: The software can automatically delete the expired exported files after some days or delete the oldest backup files every some full backup copies.
Export MySQL databases to a single same file.
If you choose the option Always back up databases to a single same file, the software will export the selected databases to a single same file every time and the previous file will be overwrote when the task is running.
Compress the exported files to GZ / ZIP with password.
If you want to reducing the disk usage, please choose the option Compress the backup files and click Settings to set up the compress options. If you want to encrypt the exported sql file, you can compress it to ZIP with password.
Step 5: Click Next and follow the Task Wizard to finish the task creation.
1. Choose the options for uploading the exported files ( to FTP server or to Email box ) on Step 5 of Task Wizard.
2. Choose the Task Scheduler for running the task on Step 7 of Task Wizard.
3. Click Finish on Step 8 of Task Wizard to finish the task creation.
That's all. The software will automatically export the MySQL databases to the sql file.
Enjoy it now!
1. Runs under Windows 8/7/2008 Server/Vista/2003 Server/XP/2000 (32 bit and 64 bit).
2. Supports MySQL from 4.0 to the latest version (MySQL 4.0, 4.1, 5.0, 5.1, 5.5, 5.6, 6.0, etc.).
3. Supports MySQL servers run on all Operating Systems (Linux, UNIX, Windows, Ubuntu, etc.).
Copyright © 2023 Database Think Software. All rights reserved. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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[resolved] links "page" - need help understanding... (9 posts)
1. hsu0886
Member
Posted 8 years ago #
Howdy,
What I'd like to do is go into the WordPress admin console, create a page named "Links" and for the page text just put
<?php get_links_list(); ?>
Can someone tell me why this doesn't work?
Your help is appreciated.
2. moshu
Member
Posted 8 years ago #
You cannot put php code in the content area - it will not run.
What you can do:
1. Create a Page template and use that to display your links
2. Use a plugin like RunPHP or phpExe to be able to execute PHP code written in the content of posts and Pages.
3. hsu0886
Member
Posted 8 years ago #
Well, I tried RunPHP and got some weird errors... I'd like to try phpExe, but the download of the phpexec.txt is broken (I also tried to download his phpexec.php from his /wp-content/plugins folder, but I can't figure out how to download the php code and not get the parsing error "Fatal error: Call to undefined function:... yada") - anybody have the file on hand or know if it's hosted somewhere elsewhere?
4. hsu0886
Member
Posted 8 years ago #
ok, now i've been able to try php Exec... neither of these plugins worked for me though - php Exec did at least return echo statements and date queries, but I still can't call
<?php get_links_list(); ?>
and get my links. Is there something else I need write in the page editing area? I installed php Exec, and put the above code inbetween the [phpcode] [/phpcode] tags as required by the plugin, and I get nothing. If I try and add in the
<?php require('./wp-blog-header.php'); ?>
everything below the header disappears... so confused...
I just want to have a page that pulls links using the get_links_list command... am I going about this the wrong way?
5. moshu
Member
Posted 8 years ago #
For me it's always the best to go by creating a new Page template - and you don't have to worry about running plugins etc. See the link in the first option in my post above.
6. oriecat
Member
Posted 8 years ago #
I agree. I have a links page for one category of links and it was easily made with a template.
7. hsu0886
Member
Posted 8 years ago #
Ok, I went with the template and I guess this time I had a better understanding of what I was doing - and it worked, marvelously, I might add. Thanks at all y'all for your help.
8. moshu
Member
Posted 8 years ago #
Glad it worked out. Could you, please, mark this topic as solved then?
9. hsu0886
Member
Posted 8 years ago #
yep.
Topic Closed
This topic has been closed to new replies.
About this Topic
Tags | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:BerlinTheBest/sandbox
Sandbox is a fun roblox game with a cool roblox game and a cool roblox idea published on a cool roblox website by a cool roblox user. | WIKI |
Vallisneria
The solitary pistillate flower is carried to the surface of the water on a long peduncle (which becomes spiraled in age). Staminate plants produce a large number of flowers, borne densely in a spathe on a short peduncle (sometimes as long as 33 cm). These staminate flowers are released under water, the perianth tightly closed and hence containing a gaseous bubble; at the surface, the perianth opens, acting as a sail. The staminate flowers drift upon the surface of the water, and when one reaches the dimple formed by a pistillate flower at the surface, it slides quickly to it and pollination occurs—barely above the surface of the water.
The characteristic three-zoned appearance of the leaves of Vallisneria will distinguish it from other plants that may produce rosettes of ribbon-like submersed leaves. The leaves of Potamogeton epihydrus are similarly three-zoned, but are shorter and alternate.
All species found in Vallisneria
Vallisneria americanaTAPE-GRASS, WILD-CELERY, EEL-GRASS
Citation:
MICHIGAN FLORA ONLINE. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan. Web. May 21, 2022. https://michiganflora.net/genus.aspx?id=Vallisneria. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The New International Encyclopædia/Mittag-Leffler, Magnus Gösta, Baron von
MITTAG-LEEFLER, mĭt'tȧg-lĕf'lẽr,, Baron von (1846—). A Swedish mathematician, born at Stockholm. He studied mathematics at Upsala and later under Weierstrass at Berlin. He began his teaching as tutor at Upsala in 1872, and five years later became professor of mathematics at Helsingfors. In 1881 he was made professor of mathematics at the University of Stockholm, and subsequently was several times its rector. He was made a member of the Academy of Sciences of Sweden in 1883. His mathematical contributions are connected chiefly with the theory of functions. In 1882, under the patronage of King Oscar, he founded the Acta Mathematica, at present one of the leading mathematical journals of the world. The historical part of this journal has since 1887 been published separately by Eneström as the Bibliotheca Mathematica. It was Mittag-Leffler's appreciation of Sonya Kovalevsky's (q.v.) work that took her to Stockholm. | WIKI |
Page:Four Victorian poets; a study of Clough (IA fourvictorianpoe00broorich).pdf/159
rage, were to him, if ever he deigned to be conscious of them, weariness and vexation of spirit. And the condition of the England in which he lived and of which he said, "Glory and loveliness have passed away," gave him no impulse. He did not go to Italy or Greece in the body, but he fled thither in the spirit. He sought loveliness and young ardours in fable, in love's world of myth, legend, and tale. There, he thought, beauty lies asleep, and I will be the young prince who shall awake her. And through the deep undergrowth not of the briar-rose, but of thorn and thistle, hemlock and darnel, his fervid spirit pierced its way. He kissed the princess and she awoke to life. Together they brought forth a new poetry. It was a lovely child, but, unsupported, unnourished by any emotion of the present, only living in the past, it never married itself to any vital power in the England of its day, and it had then no children. It was an episode in the great epic of poetry; and when the new movement, about 1832, began with Tennyson and Browning it did not follow Keats into the beauty of the past; it knit itself to living emotions and ideas of the present. For England had then, as I have already noticed in this book, awakened to fresh thought and national passion, to new ideas and their attendant emotions; and out of these proceeded powers of action which ran like fire through the whole body of men and women who loved thoughts, and thought out what they loved.
That is a slight sketch of the history of the poetry of | WIKI |
0
Bookmark Managers: Programs vs. Web Services
Written By: Andrew Nemets
The rapid development of the World Wide Web in recent years has led to an explosive growth of information on the Internet. Our contemporary lifestyle would be unimaginable without access to such a super-abundant cornucopia of valuable information and web surfing has now become an everyday occupation for even the most diverse sections of society.
This rapid expansion of web resources raises some new issues for all of us. How could you possibly remember; after a long search, the address of that crucial web page? How will you be able to return to the page without repeating a tedious web search through hundreds and thousands of pages? The answer is obvious, you need a program that will allow you to easily create and manage a database of web resources. Of course, this database must be quick, intuitive and convenient to use.
One way to resolve this problem is to use your web browser’s bookmarks feature. Bookmarks are a popular term for the lists of web page links stored in web browsers, although they are called “Favorites” in Internet Explorer. These web browser bookmark systems have some severe limitations. For example, each bookmark list will only be compatible with a specific web browser. If you use several different web browsers you will have to manage the bookmark system in each one. Web browser bookmark lists may become cumbersome to use when your bookmark list grows beyond a few items. Important features missing from web browser bookmark systems include: – Powerful search functions; – Synchronization of bookmarks between different computers; – Detection and automatic deletion of duplicate bookmarks; – Checks for availability of bookmarked web pages.
Specialist programs and web services that store and organize bookmarks are now available and they offer a comprehensive solution to these problems. They are called bookmark managers or bookmark organizers (in this article both terms have the same meaning). The difference between online (web-based) bookmark managers and standalone bookmark managers is in the location of the stored bookmark database and in the way that the database is accessed. Web services called “online bookmark managers” store the user’s bookmarks on their remote servers and their bookmarks may be accessed from any browser. A standalone bookmark organizer is simply a program which runs on your local computer. It stores the bookmark database on a hard disk and allows access through its own built-in interface.
Here are some examples of web-based bookmark managers:
iKeepBookmarks.com – http://www.ikeepbookmarks.com
LinkaGoGo – http://www.linkagogo.com
Murl – http://murl.com
You can find more links to online bookmark managers here: http://dmoz.org/Computers/Internet/On_the_Web/Web_Applications/Bookmark_Managers/
Bookmark management software can be found here:
Link Commander – http://www.resortlabs.com/bookmark-manager/linkcommander.php
Linkman – http://www.outertech.com/index.php?_charisma_page=product&id=5
Powermarks – http://www.kaylon.com/power.html
Any software catalog will contain plenty of links to bookmark managers. For example: http://www.snapfiles.com/shareware/misctools/swurlorg.html
Offline and online bookmark managers each have relative advantages and disadvantages due to their differing methods of database storage and access.
An online bookmark manager does not depend on any particular computer. If you have an Internet connection you can access your bookmarks from any computer in the world. You don’t need to synchronize the bookmarks on your home/work PC or notebook because they will all access the same bookmarks database. With an online bookmark manager you can access your bookmarks even when you are in an Internet caf! Another advantage is that most of them are free. They will cost you time, though, because you access your bookmarks via an Internet connection. More importantly, most of the web interfaces are not as convenient as software based bookmark managers and don’t have so many useful features. For example, they can’t search for and delete duplicate database items. Here are some of the other potential disadvantages of using online bookmark managers:
1) You risk losing all your bookmarks if, for some reason, the web service closes down.
2) There is a danger of unauthorized access to your private bookmarks because your bookmark manager server may not be secure against hackers.
The advantages and disadvantages of offline bookmark managers are almost exactly opposite to those of online bookmark managers and will be discussed next.
Any offline bookmark manager is tied to the computer on which it is installed. It stores your bookmarks in a database (which usually has its own proprietary format) that is located on one of the hard drives. To use your bookmarks on several computers you will need to install the program on each computer and find a way to synchronize the bookmark databases. Most of the currently available bookmark organizers do have a database synchronization feature. Also, there are now devices with high data transfer speeds (e.g. flash drives) that can store an independent bookmark database and allow it to be shared between several computers.
Another disadvantage of bookmark manager software is the price. There are some free programs out there, but they don’t have a great number of features and technical support is often weak or unavailable. The programs that require payment are inexpensive, though, usually costing from $20 to $40. The user licenses of such programs will normally allow you to install the programs on all of your computers.
In my opinion, the disadvantages of standalone bookmark managers are minimal compared to their advantages. The location of both the program and database on the same computer guarantees you fast access to your bookmarks and high security from hacker attacks. The convenience of the program interface and the number of useful features are limited only by the power of the computer and the skills of developers.
So, how should you organize your bookmarks? Should you use an online or offline bookmark manager? I don’t think there is a definite answer. It all depends on your preferences and working habits. If mobility is your priority, if you travel often and wish to access your bookmarks no matter where you are and from any computer, then you should consider an online bookmark manager. If speed, ease of use, security and functionality is most important to you then an offline bookmark manager might be a better choice.
About the Author
Andrew Nemets is co-founder and CEO of Resort Labs – http://www.resortlabs.com, the software development company specializing in developing human to computer interaction systems, user interface improvements and routine tasks automation software.
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The curious case of transient final locks and CopyOnWriteArrayList
Every now and then I discover a new class in the Java standard library that I’ve not needed to use before. Today, that class was CopyOnWriteArrayList (or rather the CopyOnWriteArraySet wrapper). This is a good choice when implementing a set of subscribers in an observer pattern, as typically the set of subscribers doesn’t change very often but we iterate through the set regularly to broadcast events. The COW implementations are optimised for exactly this case, as the iterator only hits a volatile read rather than needing a lock.
Being curious, I decided to have a look at the implementation of this class to verify that it behaved as I expected from the docs. Sure enough, everything is as I would expect. However, something did stick out immediately as a bit odd. Locking on mutation is performed via a per-instance ReentrantLock rather than a synchronized block, and that field is declared as:
transient final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
I’ve not seen the ‘transient final’ combination before, and it stuck out like a sore thumb. I can understand why the lock would be ‘final’: that is just good sense with any kind of lock. I can sort of understand why the lock would be transient, but then ReentrantLock is Serializable so it should just work, shouldn’t it? Given this is by Doug Lea, I assume there is a good reason for it, but I can’t find anything explaining the rationale. Furthermore, the way that the lock is re-initialised on clone/deserialisation is even more bizarre:
// Support for resetting lock while deserializing
private static final Unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
private static final long lockOffset;
static {
try {
lockOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
(CopyOnWriteArrayList.class.getDeclaredField("lock"));
} catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
}
private void resetLock() {
unsafe.publishVolatile(this, lockOffset, new ReentrantLock());
}
Odd, very odd. If we cannot rely on the lock deserialising correctly, why not use the reflection approach as detailed in this StackOverflow answer? It all seems very ugly — another reason to just avoid Java serialization whenever possible.
Author: Neil Madden
Security Director at ForgeRock. Experienced software engineer with a PhD in computer science. Interested in application security, applied cryptography, logic programming and intelligent agents. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Try investing with make-believe portfolio – USATODAY.com
Q: Are there ways to use technology to create a make-believe portfolio of stocks and other investments to test my ability before using real money?A: Brides and grooms rely on dress rehearsals to make sure weddings don't end badly. You can do the same with investing. Thinkstock Thinkstock Many beginning investors might think they've found the way to riches. Perhaps they think they've found a can't-miss stock. Other investors think they've found an anomaly in the stock market that they can exploit.It's easy to say I could have or I should have when you don't have any money on the line. With that said, risking actual money on an untested trading strategy could prove to be very foolhardy.That's why it's a prudent idea for investors to test-drive their strategies before plunking their real money on them. There are many ways to go about testing out your investment strategy before jumping in, including:Brokerages' paper trading offerings. Some brokerages allow investors to log into their systems and use virtual money to run a portfolio. One brokerage that's spent quite a bit of effort on its paper trading system is TradeMonster. The TradeMonster PaperTrade system allows investors to use the same quote systems and trading systems as usual clients.The only difference is that you're starting with $100,000 in cybercash.Portfolio tracking sites. Another way to test your trading strategy is to create an online stock portfolio. USATODAY.com operates a free portfolio tracking site that will do what you're seeking. You can enter all the stocks you'd like to own on USATODAY.com's portfolio and get minute-to-minute updates on how your portfolio is doing.Personal financial software. If you'd like to do the tracking of your portfolio using software, there are a number of options. For those looking to track their portfolios on their computers, one of the biggest games in town is Intuit's Quicken. Quicken comes with tools to help you track your portfolio. The Deluxe version of the software sells for between $30 and $45, depending on the retailer.Lastly, if you have a smartphone, there are scores of apps that can be used to track a mock portfolio. Pageonce is an app that not only tracks portfolios, but can be used to monitor many of your other financial accounts. It works on all the major smartphone operating systems, including Apple's iOS, Google's Android and Microsoft's Windows Phone. Matt Krantz is a financial markets reporter at USA TODAY and author of Investing Online for Dummies and Fundamental Analysis for Dummies. He answers a different reader question every weekday in his Ask Matt column at money.usatoday.com. To submit a question, e-mail Matt at mkrantz@usatoday.com. Follow Matt on Twitter at: twitter.com/mattkrantz Posted document.write(niceDate(9/16/2012 6:12 PM)); | Updated document.write(niceDate(9/16/2012 6:12 PM)); Advertisement For the latest Money news, follow USATODAYMONEY On Twitter. 2012 USA TODAY, a division of Gannett Co. Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Slough Feg
Comment
I just added an Infobox. The article needed one. Also, it was first time I ever edited a page. Woo. --Lord of steel 19:52, 21 March 2007 (UTC)
The band's full name actually comes from the Slaine comic. <IP_ADDRESS> 02:18, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
Scalzi at UPenn?
"Mike Scalzi is said to be a psychology profressor of University of Pennsylvania because he incorporates lyrics based on his lectures." I can't really tell what this line is supposed to mean, is Scalzi actually a professor at UPenn? Either way, I'll rewrite the article a little, and take this line out, but if anyone can elaborate, or produce a citation, feel free to revert it.WTF PILLOWSHIRT (talk) 23:33, 13 February 2008 (UTC)
Alright, just overhauled this article...
Note that I deliberately omitted a link to the band's offical website (http://www.slough-feg.com) because it hasn't been updated in over a year and a half. We can always add that if they ever get it fixed.
TJSwoboda 21:49, 2 April 2006 (UTC)
* Good job, thanks. --IronChris 00:43, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 2 external links on Slough Feg. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added tag to http://www.enslavedbymetal.com/interview.html?interviewid=20
* Added archive https://archive.is/20060328101829/http://www.musicstreetjournal.com/sloughinterview.htm to http://www.musicstreetjournal.com/sloughinterview.htm
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080303055716/http://www.cruzdelsurmusic.com/homebandsfeg.htm to http://www.cruzdelsurmusic.com/homebandsfeg.htm
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 16:02, 20 January 2018 (UTC)
Article photo
The photo in the article is of a different band, Bible of the Devil, not Slough Feg... I even have a citation:
https://www.greatestthingpodcast.com/slough-feg-interview-mike-scalzi-adrian-maestas/
It's probably not needed though, because the band name is on the drumkit. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:35, 14 October 2021 (UTC)
* thanks, i removed it --FMSky (talk) 15:30, 14 October 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Edgar Huntly, or The Sleep Walker.djvu/46
of some infernal agent, and as the primary source of all my calamities.
"My father's farm was a portion of the demesne of one who resided wholly in the metropolis, and consigned the management of his estates to his stewards and retainers. This person married a lady who brought him great accession of fortune. Her wealth was her only recommendation in the eyes of her husband, whose understanding was depraved by the prejudices of luxury and rank, but was the least of her attractions in the estimate of reasonable beings.
"They passed some years together. If their union were not a source of misery to the lady, she was indebted for her tranquillity to the force of her mind: she was, indeed, governed in every action of her life by the precepts of duty; while her husband listened to no calls but those of pernicious dissipation: he was immersed in all the vices that grow out of opulence and a mistaken education.
"Happily for his wife, his career was short. He was enraged at the infidelity of his mistress, to purchase whose attachment he had lavished two thirds of his fortune: he called the paramour by whom he had been supplanted, to the field; the contest was obstinate, and terminated in the death of the challenger.
"This event freed the lady from many distressful and humiliating obligations. She determined to profit by her newly acquired independence—to live thenceforward conformable to her notions of right—to preserve and improve, by schemes of economy, the remains of her fortune, and to employ it in the diffusion of good. Her plans made it necessary to visit her estates in the distant provinces.
"During her abode in the manor of which my father was a vassal, she visited his cottage. I was at that time a child: she was pleased with my vivacity and promptitude, and determined to take me under her own protection. My parents joyfully acceded to her proposal; and I returned with her to the capital.
"She had an only son, of my own age. Her design, in relation to me, was, that I should be educated with her child; and that an affection, in this way, might be excited in me towards my young master, which might render me, | WIKI |
Page:Women of distinction.djvu/224
160 her hands books which should prove the most beneficial. The result was at maturity she was considered among the best informed of the race. Seeing how hard her mother had to labor for the support of her children, Miss Smith felt that she must lend a helping hand. Though young she took a position under the Lexington School Board, where she labored faithfully and satisfactorily. In 1881 she was elected teacher in State University, taking charge of the model school as principal. She was a model teacher as well as an exemplary Christian woman, and left a lasting impression upon those under her care. She lifted the men up to the apprehension that a noble character and a cultivated intellect are more enduring graces than mere beauty of form—that to be manly was their first duty. She taught the young women to despise mediocrity, to trust their own brain and to aspire towards all that is noble and grand. Her indomitable will, perseverance and originality gave her success in all her undertakings. For some time she served as private secretary to Dr. William J. Simmons, by whom she was led into prominence. She was painstaking and accurate and sacrificed much of her pleasure and time that his work might not lag. All that she did was with that cheerfulness of spirit that not only sweetened her own life, but made life easier for others.
Dr. Simmons often spoke of her worth and helpfulness. Though burdened as teacher and private secretary, she took up the studies of the normal department and graduated in 1887. Out of her means she supported a sister in the University; after this sister's graduation | WIKI |
Cleddon Hall
Cleddon Hall, formerly known as Ravenscroft, is a 19th-century Victorian country house in Trellech, Monmouthshire, Wales. In the later 19th century it was owned by Lord and Lady Amberley, and their youngest son, the philosopher Bertrand Russell, was born at the hall on 18 May 1872.
History and description
Cleddon Hall stands in the Wye Valley, 6 mi south of Monmouth, between the village of Trellech and the A466 at Llandogo. In 1870 the hall, then known as Ravenscroft, was purchased by John Russell, Viscount Amberley and his wife Katharine. Russell, the eldest son of Earl Russell, twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and his wife, daughter of the 2nd Baron Stanley, were highly unconventional for their times. The antiquarian and genealogist Joseph Bradney, in his A History of Monmouthshire from the Coming of the Normans into Wales down to the Present Time, described the couple as "possessed of views on life in strange discord to those of the simple-minded people among whom they settled". Religious sceptics, and supporters of women's rights and abortion, they lived in an open marriage at the hall with their children's tutor, Douglas Spalding. On 18 May 1872 their son, Bertrand was born at Cleddon. Within three years of his birth, his parents were dead and he was sent to live with his grandparents in London.
Although initially unconvinced when her husband suggested buying the estate, Katharine Russell came to appreciate Cleddon, becoming "quite enchanted with the wildness and beauty of the place". In his autobiography published in 1967, her son described the hall's isolated setting as "very lonely". Cleddon is not listed by Cadw and the architectural historian John Newman does not mention the house in his Gwent/Monmouthshire volume of the Pevsner Buildings of Wales series. The house is recorded by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales in their National Monuments of Wales (Coflein) database. Cleddon Hall remains a private home. | WIKI |
Jacket
A jacket is a garment for the upper body, usually extending below the hips. A jacket typically has sleeves and fastens in the front or slightly on the side. A jacket is generally lighter, tighter-fitting, and less insulating than a coat, which is outerwear. Some jackets are fashionable, while others serve as protective clothing. Jackets without sleeves are vests.
Etymology
The word jacket comes from the French word jaquette. The term comes from the Middle French noun jaquet, which refers to a small or lightweight tunic. In Modern French, jaquette is synonymous with jacket. Speakers of American English sometimes informally use the words jacket and coat interchangeably. The word is cognate with Spanish jaco and Italian giacca or giacchetta, first recorded around 1350s. It is ultimately loaned from Arabic shakk (شكّ), which in turn loaned from Aramean/Assyrian and Hebrew shaḳḳ (שַׁקּ).
List of jackets
* Heated Jackets
* Atilla, a fancy Hungarian shell-jacket or short coat, decorated with braided cord and knots
* Ball jacket, often specified as a baseball jacket or football jacket, a casual jacket with knitted cuffs, collar, and waistband and a zippered front
* Bed jacket, a jacket made from lightweight material designed to be worn in bed
* Blazer, similar to but more casual than a suit jacket; single- or double-breasted of sturdy material, commonly with metal buttons.
* Blouson, a military-style waist-length jacket.
* Bolero, a very short jacket for everyone, originally worn by matadors
* Bomber jacket, a blouson originally designed for US aircrews in leather or nylon.
* Brunswick, a two-piece woman's gown of the mid-eighteenth century.
* Caraco, a woman's jacket of the 18th century.
* Cardigan, a sweater worn like a jacket.
* Chef's jacket
* Chore jacket or chore coat, a jacket made of denim or other robust cloth, with large front pockets, originally a piece of workwear
* Dinner jacket, part of the black-tie dress code of evening formal wear. Also known as a Dinner suit and a Tuxedo.
* Donkey jacket
* Doublet (clothing)
* Down jacket, a quilted jacket filled with down feathers
* Eisenhower jacket, a waist-length, fitted, military-inspired jacket with a waistband based on the World War II British Army's Battle Dress jacket introduced by General Dwight Eisenhower
* Field jacket, a jacket that is worn by soldiers on the battlefield or doing duties in cold weather. The field jacket came about during World War II with the US Army introducing the M-1941 and the M-1943 field jacket and issued the jacket to their troops. The most well-known and the most popular type of military field jacket that is on the market today is the M-1965 or M-65 field jacket which came into US military service in 1965.
* Flak jacket, 20th century armoured vest
* Fleece jacket, a casual jacket made of synthetic wool such as Polar Fleece
* Flight jacket, also known as a bomber jacket
* Gilet, a sleeveless jacket or vest.
* Hacking jacket
* Harrington jacket, a lightweight waist-length jacket
* Hoodie, a zippered hooded sweatshirt (non zippered can be considered a sweatshirt only)
* Jean jacket or denim jacket, a jacket falling slightly below the waist, usually of denim, with buttoned band cuffs like a shirt and a waistband that can be adjusted by means of buttons. Also called Levi's jacket (see Levi's)
* Jerkin
* Kilt jacket, one of several styles of traditional Scottish jacket worn with the kilt, including the Argyll jacket, the Prince Charlie jacket, and a type of tweed jacket
* Leather jacket, also known as a motorcycle jacket
* Letter jacket also known as a letterman or varsity jacket
* Mackinaw jacket
* Mess jacket or eton jacket, similar to a tailcoat but cut off just below the waist. Worn as part of mess dress and formerly as the school uniform of boys under 5'4" at Eton College until 1976 and at many other English schools, particularly choir schools
* Motorcycle jacket, a leather jacket, usually black, worn by motorcycle riders; originally to mid-thigh, now usually to a fitted waist
* Nehru jacket
* Norfolk jacket
* Parka
* Peplum jacket, a jacket featuring a short overskirt
* Puffer jacket or Puffa jacket, a type of padded jacket popular in the 1990s
* Quarter Zip, or 1/4 zip, a jacket with a partial zipper extending down from the collar
* Rain jacket, a short rain coat
* Hardshell jacket, a wind and waterproof jacket typically made of breathable synthetic materials, lacking insulation and fabric softness
* Reefing jacket or reefer, a type of pea coat
* Riding jacket, part of a riding habit
* Sailor jacket
* Satin jacket, a type of ball jacket made of satin and popular in the 1950s
* Smart jacket, with built-in heating elements on the chest, hands and back. It keeps the wearer warm in cold weather. It comes with special sensors to let the wearer adjust the heat output as per his convenience.
* Smoking jacket
* Spencer, a high-waisted jacket dating to the Regency period
* Sport coat (US) or Sports jacket (UK), a tailored jacket, similar in cut to a suit coat but more utilitarian, originally casual wear for hunting, riding, and other outdoor sports; specific types include a shooting jacket and hacking jacket
* Suit jacket
* Tabard, a loose sleeveless outer garment
* Tunic, a thigh length coat or jacket worn with a wide range of military and civilian uniforms
* Windbreaker (N. American, Japan) or windcheater (UK)
* Tracksuit jacket
* Wamus, also called a "roundabout," a traditional American term for a short jacket. | WIKI |
Page:Between Two Loves.djvu/206
Rh doubt that still shadowed his face, and made him offer neither remark nor sympathy, and he had a still more poignant sense of what horror and fear he must have endured had he been indeed guilty of his enemy's death.
Having hurriedly changed his clothing, he went to look for his daughter. She was lying on a sofa in the small parlor that was now their usual sitting-room. The fire was burning brightly, and the tray with the teacups on the table, but the lights were unlit, and her face was turned to the wall, for she had been weeping bitterly ever since her unexpected meeting with Anthony in the lane. When she heard her father's step she made haste to dry her eyes, and as he entered the room she rose to meet him.
In a moment she was aware of something unusual and terrible; Jonathan's face had yet upon it the solemn shadow of one who has been in the awful presence of Death. She went to his side, and said, in a low voice, "Father, what is it?"
He put his arm around her, and answered, "Thy husband hes been a' but murdered. Now, if ta is half a woman, thou wilt go to him."
She lifted her eyes quickly to his face, and | WIKI |
Tennis at the 2023 Pacific Games – Men's doubles
The men's doubles tennis event at the 2023 Pacific Games took place at the National Tennis Center in Honiara, Solomon Islands from 24 to 30 November 2023.
Seeds
All seeds per ATP rankings. • 🇬🇺 Camden Camacho / 🇬🇺 Daniel Llarenas (semifinals)
• Reynald Taaroa / Antoine Voisin (quarterfinals)
• 🇵🇬 Mark Gibbons / 🇵🇬 Matthew Stubbings (quarterfinals)
• Charles Cornish / William O'Connell (champions, gold medalists)
• 🇳🇨 Heremana Courte / 🇳🇨 Nell Rollin (semifinals)
• Heve Kelley / Heimanarii Laisan (quarterfinals)
• Leon Soonalole / Marvin Soonalole (quarterfinals)
• 🇹🇻 Faolina Haleti / 🇹🇻 Maka Ofati (finals, silver medalists) | WIKI |
Apple stock has dropped 38 percent in 90 days – TechCrunch
Apple stock was down more than 9 percent overnight and continued the downward trend in trading this morning. In fact, the company’s stock price is down a total of 38 percent since October. This, after the company halted trading yesterday afternoon to provide lower guidance for upcoming earnings. As the iPhone upgrade market softened, it was having a big impact on revenue, at least in the short term, and Apple stock took a big hit as a result. On October 3, the stock was selling at 232.07 per share, and while the price has fluctuated and the market in general has plunged in that time period, the stock has been on a downward trend for the past couple of months and has lost approximately $87 a share since that October high point. Last night, before the company briefly stopped trading to make its announcement, the stock stood at $157.92 a share. This morning as we went to publication, it was recovering a bit, but was still down 8.19 percent to $144.98. D.A. Davidson senior analyst Tom Forte says yesterday’s announcement, while not completely unexpected, was surprising, given Apple’s traditionally strong position. “We knew that iPhone unit sales were weak, but just not how weak,” he said. The biggest factor in yesterday’s announcement, in Forte’s view, was China, where he says the company generates 20 percent of its sales. As the U.S.-China trade war drags on, it’s having an impact on these sales. This could be because of a combination of factors, including a weakening Chinese economy as a result of the trade war, or patriotism on the part of Chinese consumers, who are choosing to buy Chinese brands over of the iPhone. This also comes at a time when Apple had already indicated that iPhone sales were weak in other worldwide markets, including India, Russia, Brazil and Turkey. This already helped weaken the iPhone sales worldwide, although Forte still sees the Chinese market as the biggest factor in play here. Forte says that in spite of the soft iPhone performance, the good news is the rest of the product portfolio is up 19 percent, and that could bode well for the future. What’s more, the company has set aside $100 billion for stock buy-back purposes. “They have the balance sheet. They have the stock buy-back program. They still generate very significant free cash flow, and if the individual investor won’t buy the stock, then the company will buy the stock,” he explained. In a report released this morning, financial analysts Canaccord Genuity believe that in spite of yesterday’s report, the company is still fundamentally sound and they continue to recommend a BUY for Apple stock. “We maintain our belief Apple can expand its leading market share of the premium-tier smartphone market and the iPhone installed base (excluding refurbished iPhones) will exceed 700M in 2018. This impressive installed base should drive iPhone replacement sales and earnings, as well as cash flow generation to fund strong long-term capital returns. We reiterate our BUY rating but decrease our price target to $190 based on our lowered estimates,” the company wrote in a report released this morning. Forte says the unknown-unknown here is how the U.S.-China trade war plays out, and as long as that situation remains fluid, the company might not recover that income in the near term in spite of stronger sales across the catalog. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The Zacks Analyst Blog Highlights: Darden Restaurants, Columbia Sportswear, Foot Locker, BJ's Restaurants and Amazon.com
For Immediate Release
Chicago, IL - November 03, 2015 - Zacks.com announces the list of stocks featured in the Analyst Blog. Every day the Zacks Equity Research analysts discuss the latest news and events impacting stocks and the financial markets. Stocks recently featured in the blog include the Darden Restaurants, Inc. ( DRI ), Columbia Sportswear Company ( COLM ), Foot Locker, Inc. ( FL ), BJ's Restaurants, Inc. ( BJRI ) and Amazon.com, Inc. ( AMZN ).
Today, Zacks is promoting its ''Buy'' stock recommendations. Get #1Stock of the Day pick for free .
Here are highlights from Monday's Analyst Blog:
5 Retailers to Stock Up for Holiday Season
Swamped in our daily grind and prevailing problems, we often tend to lose hope on future happiness. The picture is the same in the stock market, where the "China story" -- with its spillover effect on the U.S. economy -- and the Fed's pending decision over the rate hike have snowballed into a common issue.
It is time you look beyond the woebegone market and lift your spirits. We are into the festive season with Halloween right behind us and Thanksgiving, Black Friday, Cyber Monday and of course Christmas lined up to take you on a holiday shopping spree. So do not let your blood pressure mimic stock market volatility. Instead, start filling your holiday coffers.
Coming to the retail space, competition will be tough, be it at the brick-and-mortar stores or online portals, and retailers need to be hawkeyed to turn rivalry into opportunity. It goes without saying that retailers are gearing up for the season to better serve their patrons. Definitely, the global economic turmoil and the recent financial-market volatility are reasons to worry since these will surely impact consumer behavior but " all's well that ends well ."
The holiday season is the time when retailers are well on their toes, flooding the markets with offers and promotions. Apart from price-matching policies, retailers will sweep buyers off their feet with early-hour store openings, huge discounts, promotional strategies and free shipping on online purchases. Since the season accounts for a sizeable chunk of yearly revenues and profits, retailers are gung ho to drive footfall.
Does the Sector Hold Promise?
Retailers are efficiently allocating a large chunk of their capital toward a multi-channel growth strategy focused on improving merchandise offerings, developing IT infrastructure to enhance web and mobile experiences of customers, giving their stores a facelift, developing fulfillment centers to enable speedy delivery, implementing an enterprise-wide inventory management system as well as enhancing their relationship with existing and new customers.
Given a rebounding U.S. economy, the retail space is bubbling with optimism. A gradual recovery in the housing market and manufacturing sector, along with an improving labor market and lower gasoline prices, are favoring the economy and playing key roles in raising buyers' confidence. We expect this positive sentiment to translate into higher consumer spending.
The recently released U.S. GDP data unveiled that the economy grew at a rate of 1.5% in the third quarter, despite a strong dollar and overseas weakness, while consumer spending increased 3.2%. Though the pace of economic growth decelerated from the second quarter due to inventory correction, analysts are hopeful of a pickup in the momentum in the final quarter that primarily constitutes the holiday season.
What Do Holiday Sales Numbers Say?
With the ability and willingness seen in consumers to spend more, retailers could hear their cash registers jingle this time. Data compiled by eMarketer suggests a 5.7% jump in holiday sales (November and December) to $885.7 billion against 3.2% growth projected earlier. Retail E-commerce holiday season sales are anticipated to increase 13.9%, and represent approximately 9% of total sales this season (or $79.4 billion), up from 8.3% last year.
Data compiled by the nation's largest retail trade group, National Retail Federation ("NRF"), projects a 3.7% sales jump for the period to $630.5 billion, shy of 4.1% growth registered last year but better than the 10-year average sales increment of 2.5%. Online sales for the season are expected to increase 6-8% to approximately $105 billion.
Despite global turbulence, sales are expected to increase this holiday season and provide an opportunity to bet on retail stocks that are likely to dominate the festive period.
5 Picks for the Season
We have identified 5 Retail Stocks based on their Favorable Zacks Rank - Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy) or #2 (Buy) + expected long-term earnings per share growth rate of 10% or more. A favorable rank indicates positive estimate revisions by analysts who are optimistic on the future performance of a company.
We suggest investing in Darden Restaurants, Inc. ( DRI ), which sports a Zacks Rank #1 and has a long-term earnings growth rate of 13.3%. The Orlando, FL-based company delivered an average positive earnings surprise of 13.7% over the trailing four quarters. This operator of full-service restaurants is expected to witness earnings growth of 23.4% in fiscal 2016 and 13.5% in fiscal 2017. The Zacks Consensus Estimate has moved up over the past 60 days.
Columbia Sportswear Company ( COLM ), designer, marketer and distributor of outdoor and active lifestyle apparel, footwear, accessories, is another solid bet, with a Zacks Rank #1. The Portland, OR-based company delivered an average positive earnings surprise of 26.8% over the trailing four quarters, and has a long-term earnings growth rate of 12.5%. The company is expected to witness earnings growth of 15.9% in 2015 and 12.7% in 2016. The Zacks Consensus Estimate too has been trending up over the past 7 days.
Another stock that investors may look forward to is Foot Locker, Inc. ( FL ), a retailer of athletic shoes and apparel, with a Zacks Rank #1 and a long-term earnings growth rate of 11.5%. The New York-based company delivered an average positive earnings beat of 11.3% over the trailing four quarters. It is expected to witness earnings growth of 18.2% in fiscal 2015 and 11.2% in fiscal 2016. The Zacks Consensus Estimate too has been on the rise over the past 90 days.
Investors can also count on BJ's Restaurants, Inc. ( BJRI ), operator of casual dining restaurants that carries a Zacks Rank #1 with a long-term earnings growth rate of 20.1%. The Huntington Beach, CA-based company delivered an average positive earnings surprise of 30.6% over the trailing four quarters. The company is expected to witness earnings growth of 61.4% in 2015 and 20.2% in 2016. The Zacks Consensus Estimate too has trended upward over the past 30 days.
Last but not least is Amazon.com, Inc. ( AMZN ), with a Zacks Rank #2 and a long-term earnings growth rate of 33.5%. This Seattle-based online retailer delivered an average positive earnings surprise of 148% over the trailing four quarters. It is expected to witness massive earnings growth in 2015 and 2016. The Zacks Consensus Estimate too has been on the rise over the past 30 days.
Bottom Line
The holiday season is no less than a battlefield for retailers who fight for consumer attention. Plus, retailers will go the extra mile to trap the bargain hunters. But we wonder whether these will come at the price of margins, not to forget the bottom line.
We believe that retailers should be cautious and diligent this time, given the recent unrest in the global financial market which may affect consumer sentiment and downplay economic growth. Going by the pulse of the economy, we could see more competitive pricing and new products to attract shoppers this holiday season. We expect retail companies to move heaven and earth to win over shoppers. But who wins this race remains to be seen.
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DARDEN RESTRNT (DRI): Free Stock Analysis Report
COLUMBIA SPORTS (COLM): Free Stock Analysis Report
FOOT LOCKER INC (FL): Free Stock Analysis Report
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Lake Ngatu
Lake Ngatu is a dune lake in the Northland Region of New Zealand. It is located to the northwest of Awanui, near Waipapakauri.
Lake Ngatu has no inlets or outlets. The lake catchment is primarily manuka/kanuka scrub and fenced pasture. There are houses overlooking the lake.
Recreation
Lake Ngatu is a popular recreation area, and is easily accessed via West Coast Road and Sweetwater Road. There is a 4 km loop walking track around the perimeter of the lake.
Water quality and ecology
The water quality of Lake Ngatu has been highlighted in recent times, with particular concerns of a summer algal bloom threat.
The lake is monitored by Northland Regional Council, and the environmental information can be viewed on the LAWA website. | WIKI |
Mexican Authorities Foils Plan by Qaddafi’s Son To Sneak Into Country
Mexico has foiled a plot to smuggle
the son of former Libyan dictator Muammar Qaddafi into the
country and hide him in a safe house near the coastal resort of
Puerto Vallarta. Interior Minister Alejandro Poire said an intelligence
operation was mounted after the government obtained information
in September that al-Saadi Qaddafi and members of his family
were using counterfeit documents to enter the country, open bank
accounts and purchase land near the Pacific Ocean resort. Officials in November captured a Canadian, Danish and two
Mexican citizens that formed part of the international ring that
moved in private aircraft between the U.S., Canada , Kosovo and
several Middle Eastern countries, Poire said. The group’s
leader, a Canadian woman named Cynthia Vanier, was taken into
custody in Mexico City and one of the Mexican members was a U.S.
resident, he added. “Preventing the entry of al-Saadi Qaddafi constitutes,
without a doubt, another sign that Mexican institutions have the
capacity to safeguard the national territory,” Poire told
reporters in Mexico City. Poire did not say whether the nation’s drug cartels, which
in October were linked to an Iranian plot to assassinate Saudi
Arabia ’s ambassador to the U.S., were involved. Al-Saadi, the former dictator’s third son, fled to Niger’s
capital, Niamey, after his father lost control of Tripoli in
August. He is wanted by Libyan officials on suspicion of “armed
intimidation.” Charlie Sheen ’s Getaway Canada’s National Post reported today that Qaddafi had
planned to flee to Punta Mita, an exclusive resort near Puerto
Vallarta whose visitors include Hollywood celebrities Kim Kardashian and Charlie Sheen. A Canadian company, Can/Aust Security and Investigations
International, had offered $1,000 per day to security
contractors to help them escort Qaddafi, his wife and children
to the resort, the Toronto-based newspaper said. The company’s
Chief Executive Officer, Gary Peters, told the Post that he was
involved in the plan, which was to be conducted with the support
of Mexican authorities. Interpol issued an international arrest warrant for al-
Saadi on Sept. 29 at the request of the National Transitional
Council for allegedly “misappropriating properties through
force and armed intimidation” when he headed the Libyan
Football Federation. The police group, based in Lyon, France ,
said that the 38-year-old should be located, arrested and handed
over to Libyan authorities.” Al-Saadi Qaddafi is also subject to a United Nations travel
ban and asset freeze imposed in March because he was a commander
of military units allegedly involved in the repression of
demonstrations during Libya ’s uprising. Nick Kaufman, a lawyer for Qaddafi, said in an e-mail that
his client remains in Niger and will continue to respect UN
travel sanctions until a “competent” body lifts them and
authorities in the African nation return his passport. Kaufman
didn’t comment on the report in Mexico. To contact the reporter on this story:
Nacha Cattan in Mexico City at
ncattan@bloomberg.net ;
Caroline Alexander in London at
calexander1@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Joshua Goodman at
jgoodman19@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Lucasajackson
Lucasajackson is a default username operated by Lucas Jackson. It was first used for a Gmail account in 2004. It went on to be used for many other accounts. lucasajackson is now a popular blog that featuers a sports parody blog. | WIKI |
Melasma is a skin condition that appears as dark, pigmentation on the skin. It may appear on the forehead, cheeks and other areas around the face. The exact cause of melasma is unknown, although individuals with a family history of the condition are more likely to develop melasma.
Melasma and Pregnancy
Melasma is common during pregnancy and is even called the 'mask of pregnancy'. However, the condition is not exclusive to women who are pregnant. In fact, men may also develop melasma. Hormone levels may play a role in melasma, which may explain why it is common during pregnancy and is found on some women taking birth control pills. Hormone therapy may also cause melasma.
Melasma and the Sun
Sunlight may trigger melasma in many patients. The ultraviolet rays from the sun may stimulate melanocytes (pigment producing cells) in the skin, which may lead to excess pigmentation in the skin. Patients who have had melasma are often encouraged to avoid sun exposure as much as possible and/or are advised to wear sunscreen during excessive sun exposure to prevent the condition from reappearing. Most dermatologists recommend wearing sunscreen of at least SPF15, although some may recommend greater protection.
Treating Melasma
It's true that the condition usually goes away on its own following pregnancy or when a woman stops taking birth control pills, but for some, the pigmentation does not fade. Treatments such as creams (over-the-counter or prescription), chemical peels, laser resurfacing and microdermabrasion may be helpful in treating melasma. Understanding melasma is the first step in successful treatment and prevention. Talk to a skincare professional for more information about melasma and how you can best avoid the condition from reappearing after it fades. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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\(\require{cancel}\)
Physics LibreTexts
13.16: Rotational Invariants
• Page ID
14188
• The scalar properties of a rotating body, such as mass \(M\), Lagrangian \(L\), and Hamiltonian \(H\), are rotationally invariant, that is, they are the same in any body-fixed or laboratory-fixed coordinate frame. This fact also applies to scalar products of all vector observables such as angular momentum. For example the scalar product
\[\mathbf{L} \cdot \mathbf{L} = l^2 \notag\]
where \(l\) is the root mean square value of the angular momentum. An example of a scalar invariant is the scalar product of the angular velocity
\[\boldsymbol{\omega} \cdot \boldsymbol{\omega} = \omega^2 \notag\]
where \(\omega^2\) is the mean square angular velocity. The scalar product \(\omega \cdot \omega = | \omega |^2\) can be calculated using the Euler-angle velocities for the body-fixed frame, equations \((13.14.1-13.14.3)\), to be
\[\boldsymbol{\omega} \cdot \boldsymbol{\omega} = | \omega |^2 = \omega^2_1 + \omega^2_2 + \omega^2_3 = \dot{\phi}^2 + \dot{\theta}^2 + \dot{\psi}^2 + 2 \dot{\phi}\dot{\psi} \cos \theta \notag\]
Similarly, the scalar product can be calculated using the Euler angle velocities for the space-fixed frame using equations \((13.14.4-13.14.6)\).
\[\boldsymbol{\omega} \cdot \boldsymbol{\omega} = | \omega |^2 = \omega^2_x + \omega^2_y + \omega^2_z = \dot{\phi}^2 + \dot{\theta}^2 + \dot{\psi}^2 + 2 \dot{\phi}\dot{\psi} \cos \theta \notag\]
This shows the obvious result that the scalar product \(\omega \cdot \omega = | \omega |^2\) is invariant to rotations of the coordinate frame, that is, it is identical when evaluated in either the space-fixed, or body-fixed frames.
Note that for \(\theta = 0\), the \(\hat{3}\) and \(\hat{z}\) axes are parallel, and perpendicular to the \(\hat{\theta}\) axis, then
\[| \omega |^2 = \left(\dot{\phi} + \dot{\psi} \right)^2 + \dot{\theta}^2 \notag\]
For the case when \(\theta = 180^{\circ}\), the \(\hat{3}\) and \(\hat{z}\) axes are antiparallel, and perpendicular to the \(\hat{\theta}\) axis, then
\[| \omega |^2 = \left( \dot{\phi} − \dot{\psi} \right)^2 + \dot{\theta}^2 \notag\]
For the case when \(\theta = 90^{\circ}\), the \(\hat{3}\), \(\hat{z}\), and \(\hat{\theta}\) axes are mutually perpendicular, that is, orthogonal, and then
\[| \omega |^2 = \dot{\phi}^2 + \dot{\psi}^2 + \dot{\theta}^2 \notag\]
The time-averaged shape of a rapidly-rotating body, as seen in the fixed inertial frame, is very different from the actual shape of the body, and this difference depends on the rotational frequency. For example, a pencil rotating rapidly about an axis perpendicular to the body-fixed symmetry axis has an average shape that is a flat disk in the laboratory frame which bears little resemblance to a pencil. The actual shape of the pencil could be determined by taking high-speed photographs which display the instantaneous body-fixed shape of the object at given times. Unfortunately for fast rotation, such as rotation of a molecule or a nucleus, it is not possible to take photographs with sufficient speed and spatial resolution to observe the instantaneous shape of the rotating body. What is measured is the average shape of the body as seen in the fixed laboratory frame. In principle the shape observed in the fixed inertial frame can be related to the shape in the body-fixed frame, but this requires knowing the body-fixed shape which in general is not known. For example, a deformed nucleus may be both vibrating and rotating about some triaxially deformed average shape which is a function of the rotational frequency. This is not apparent from the shapes measured in the fixed frame for each of the excited states.
The fact that scalar products are rotationally invariant, provides a powerful means of transforming products of observables in the body-fixed frame, to those in the laboratory frame. In 1971 Cline developed a powerful model-independent method that utilizes rotationally-invariant products of the electromagnetic quadrupole operator \(E2\) to relate the electromagnetic \(E2\) properties for the observed levels of a rotating nucleus measured in the laboratory frame, to the electromagnetic \(E2\) properties of the deformed rotating nucleus measured in the body-fixed frame.[Cli71, Cli72, Cli86] The method uses the fact that scalar products of the electromagnetic multipole operators are rotationally invariant. This allows transforming scalar products of a complete set of measured electromagnetic matrix elements, measured in the laboratory frame, into the electromagnetic properties in the body-fixed frame of the rotating nucleus. These rotational invariants provide a model-independent determination of the magnitude, triaxiality, and vibrational amplitudes of the average shapes in the body-fixed frame for individual observed nuclear states that may be undergoing both rotation and vibration. When the bombarding energy is below the Coulomb barrier, the scattering of a projectile nucleus by a target nucleus is due purely to the electromagnetic interaction since the distance of closest approach exceeds the range of the nuclear force. For such pure Coulomb collisions, the electromagnetic excitation of collective nuclei populates many excited states with cross sections that are a direct measure of the \(E2\) matrix elements. These measured matrix elements are precisely those required to evaluate, in the laboratory frame, the \(E2\) rotational invariants from which it is possible to deduce the intrinsic quadrupole shapes of the rotating-vibrating nuclear states in the body-fixed frame[Cli86]. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mb air systems ltd
The result was delete. - Mailer Diablo 15:28, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
Mb air systems ltd
Fails WP:CORP, 27 distinct Google hits (50 if you remove the ltd), no other notable properties. Prod removed by IP user without comment. Fram 11:35, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
* Delete - fails to assert notability. MER-C 12:28, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
* Delete per MER-C, we can't just have any and all businesses in here — Preceding unsigned comment added by WikiSlasher (talk • contribs)
* I hate it when I forget to sign...and also to subst stuff...:/ --WikiSlasher 13:50, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
| WIKI |
User:Kittens19
Zoom is a video call and app to communicate from far distances with your family or friends! Many people use it for teaching now-a-days. Some people even use it just to talk to their friends or family! Zoom is free in the AppStore. You must sign in or sign up to host a meeting. Meanwhile, you can join a zoom meeting with or without an account. You can rename yourself in the meeting and change your profile picture! You can download the zoom app on phone or computer. If you can not download the app on a computer, you can go to "Zoom.com" on safari or google chrome and join a meeting from there or host one. Over 300 million people across the world use zoom. Maybe one day you can use it to! Although zoom might be new to some of us, the zoom app came out in January 2013! It was created by Eric Yuan, a 51 year old man. Zoom has made over 670 million dollars over the years. Crazy right? To join a meeting on zoom, you have to enter a meeting ID and a passcode which is shown in the top left corner and can be sent out in a link or giving by the ID and passcode. How much have you learned about zoom?
~Kittens19 | WIKI |
Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan
The divisions of Punjab, are the first-order administrative bodies of the Punjab Province of Pakistan. In total, there are 11 divisions, which are further divided into districts ranging from three to six per division, depending upon area. Divisions are governed by Commissioners while districts are governed by Deputy Commissioners.
History
Administrative divisions had formed an integral tier of government from the times of Mughal Empire and latterly British Raj. The Lahore and Multan Subahs (combinedly Punjab) during Mughal era while Punjab Province during British era were subdivided into divisions, which were themselves subdivided into districts.
After independence, The province of West Punjab had four divisions – Lahore, Multan, Rawalpindi and Sargodha. From 1955 to 1970, during One Unit policy the Princely State of Bahawalpur was joined with West Punjab and made part of Bahawalpur Division. In the late 1970s new divisions were formed; Gujranwala Division was formed from parts of Lahore and Rawalpindi divisions; Dera Ghazi Khan Division was split from Multan Division; Faisalabad Division was split from Sargodha Division and, with the passage of time, the number of these divisions increased and now there are nine divisions.on 17 August 2022, Gujarat Division established in Punjab Province.
On January 14, 2023, Mianwali Division was added to Punjab Province.
Administration
Every division of province is divided into many districts and then further into tehsils. Each division is administrated by a commissioner. He is assisted by different deputy commissioners of all districts of his division. The duties of commissioner according to Punjab Government Act 2013 (XVIII of 2013) are as follows:
* He is the officer-in-charge of general administration and principal representative of the government in the division.
* He monitors the discharge of duties by the deputy commissioners in the division.
* He is also responsible to facilitate and coordinate any work which concerns two or more districts in the division. | WIKI |
Advanced electronic signature
An advanced electronic signature (AES or AdES) is an electronic signature that has met the requirements set forth under EU Regulation No 910/2014 (eIDAS-regulation) on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the European Single Market.
Description
eIDAS created standards for the use of electronic signatures so that they could be used securely when conducting business online, such as an electronic fund transfer or official business across borders with EU Member States. The advanced electronic signature is one of the standards outlined in eIDAS.
For an electronic signature to be considered as advanced it must meet several requirements:
* 1) The signatory can be uniquely identified and linked to the signature
* 2) The signatory must have sole control of the signature creation data (typically a private key) that was used to create the electronic signature
* 3) The signature must be capable of identifying if its accompanying data has been tampered with after the message was signed
* 4) In the event that the accompanying data has been changed, the signature must be invalidated
Advanced electronic signatures that are compliant with eIDAS may be technically implemented through the Ades Baseline Profiles that have been developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI):
* XAdES, XML Advanced Electronic Signatures is a set of extensions to XML-DSig recommendation making it suitable for Advanced Electronic Signatures.
* PAdES, PDF Advanced Electronic Signatures is a set of restrictions and extensions to PDF and ISO 32000-1 making it suitable for Advanced Electronic Signatures.
* CAdES, CMS Advanced Electronic Signatures is a set of extensions to Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) signed data, making it suitable for Advanced Electronic Signatures.
* JAdES, JSON Advanced Electronic Signatures is a set of extensions to JSON Web Signature (RFC 7515) making it suitable for Advanced Electronic Signatures.
* ASiC Baseline Profile. ASiC (Associated Signature Containers) specifies the use of container structures to bind together one or more signed objects with either advanced electronic signatures or time-stamp tokens into one single digital (zip) container.
Vision
The implementation of advanced electronic signatures under the specification of eIDAS serves several purposes. Business and public services processes, even those that go across borders can be safely expedited by using electronic signing. With eIDAS, EU States are required to establish "points of single contact" (PSCs) for trust services that ensure the electronic ID schemes can be used in public sector transactions that occur cross-borders, including access to healthcare information across borders.
In the past, when signing a document or message, the signatory would sign it and then return it to its intended recipient through the postal service, via facsimile service, or by scanning and attaching it to an email. This could lead to delays and, of course, the possibility that signatures could be forged and documents altered, especially when multiple signatures from different people located in different locations are required. The process of using an advanced electronic signature saves time, is legally binding and assures a high level of technical security.
Legal implications
Following Article 25 (1) of the eIDAS regulation, an advanced electronic signature shall "not be denied legal effect and admissibility as evidence in legal proceedings". However it will reach a higher probative value when enhanced to the level of a qualified electronic signature. By adding a certificate that has been issued by a qualified trust service provider that attests to the authenticity of the qualified signature, the upgraded advanced signature then carries according to Article 24 (2) of the eIDAS Regulation the same legal value as a handwritten signature. However, this is only regulated in the European Union and similarly through ZertES in Switzerland. A qualified electronic signature is not defined in the United States.
Long-term validation
AdES formats are, from less quality to long-term validation, with full juridic effects:
* 1) Basic electronic signature (AdES BES).
* 2) AdES T, adds TimeStamp.
* 3) AdES C, includes references to the certificates and their conditions.
* 4) AdES X, adds timestamps to the references in the previous step.
* 5) AdES XL, includes revocation certification and information, for their long-term validation.
* 6) AdES A, allows the addition of periodic timestamps to guarantee the integrity of the signature, stored for future verification. | WIKI |
Barbie Super Sports
Barbie: Super Sports is a sports video game for PlayStation and Microsoft Windows developed by Runecraft and published by Mattel Media. Players can choose to play as either Barbie, Teresa, Christie or Kira. Two sports are available: snowboarding and roller skating.
Gameplay
Barbie: Super Sports offers two main sports: snowboarding and roller skating (referred to as roller-blading in the PC version). Players begin by selecting a character—Barbie, Teresa, Christie, or Kira—and then choose outfits and equipment for their selected sport. The game features a shop and a lobby, leading to four stages, each with unique criteria such as collecting points. Players can earn tickets in these stages to purchase new outfits and equipment. The game includes five levels of competitions, stunts, and special tricks in both sports, as well as secret areas and opportunities to earn points by meeting various challenges.
Reception
Barbie: Super Sports received a rating of 2.38 out of 5 from GameFAQs, with criticism focused on sound effects and praise for graphics, despite some animation issues. A detailed review from GameFAQs criticized the gameplay, sound quality, and game lifespan, while noting the graphics as a redeeming quality. | WIKI |
0
SpringBoot controller, pass variables from the method @GetMapping to ZK page composer
asked 2021-08-29 05:30:45 +0800
franferri gravatar image franferri
48 2
Sorry for my ignorance, this must be quite straight forward but after googling a bit I didn't find a nice way of doing it.
So, I do have a class in springboot as @Controller with the following method
@GetMapping("/plainzul")
public String plainZULExample(Model model) {
model.addAttribute("attribute1", "ZkRocks!");
model.addAttribute("attribute2", randomObjectForThisExample);
anotherRandomObject = new AnotherRandomObject()
return "plainzul";
}
I do have a page called plainzul.zul with a SelectorComposer which basically is a plain:
@Override
public void doAfterCompose(Div comp) throws Exception {
super.doAfterCompose(comp);
System.out.println("Hello cor3000 !");
}
How can I access to the attribute1? Or basically, the real question is how can I have an object in the spring controller from the Composer? maybe using the model.setAttribute is subobtimal.
Any help or examples?
How do I get the anotherRandomObject for example?
Many thanks
delete flag offensive retag edit
1 Answer
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1
answered 2021-08-30 11:18:31 +0800
cor3000 gravatar image cor3000
6280 2 7
I my local tests Spring just transforms the Model attributes into native request attributes.
This matches the somewhat vague Spring MVC 4.0.x documentation (didn't find the equivalent for Spring 5, just assuming it's the same):
The model Map is simply transformed into an appropriate format, such as JSP request attributes, a Velocity template model.
JSP/ZUL page are roughly/technically equivalent, both are handled by Servlets more or less, based on the same HttpServletRequest.
While it's possible to access the native request directly -(HttpServletRequest)Executions.getCurrent().getNativeRequest()) - the built in ZK abstraction is an Execution (wrapping around the request/response objects).
In your composer you can access the execution attributes as follows:
@Override
public void doAfterCompose(Div comp) throws Exception {
super.doAfterCompose(comp);
Execution exec = Executions.getCurrent();
String attr1 = (String) exec.getAttribute("attribute1");
RandomClassForThisExample randomObjectForThisExample =
(RandomClassForThisExample) exec.getAttribute("attribute2");
System.out.println("Hello cor3000 !");
}
link publish delete flag offensive edit
Comments
Brilliant, many thanks cor3000!
franferri ( 2021-08-30 17:48:44 +0800 )edit
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Understanding Window Tint Films
Window films today and keeping up with the jargon
Some of automotive Window films we offer today are far cry from the films we started with in the 80″s. Innovation has seen such terms as Nanotechnology, Ceramic and IR Rejection used regularly in marketing on web sites and brochures. These terminologies are not always explained well, so its harder for you to appreciate advances in technology and therefore harder to capitalise on the opportunity to upsell your customers to these new innovative films.
High Performance Hybrid
The automotive window film industry has been built on the back of your normal HP dyed plus metal, Hybrid films. These film are generally a colour stable dyed polyester laminated against layer of metal mostly nickel-chrome or aluminium. Weather its is Hanita’s Omega, Suntek’s HP , LLumar ATR 35 ( Jet black ) Solargard Supreme. These are still by far the biggest selling films on the market. Its only now we can now get relatively high performance from a non metal – non signal interfering films that these films are under threat .
What is Nanotechnology?
The terms nanotechnology and nano-particle are used quite frequently in today’s discussions of advanced window film technology. Are they overused and or misused? It’s important to know what these terms mean and how they relate to window film design and construction.
The word nanotechnology is an umbrella term used for anything that is 100 nanometers or less in size. This is very small at the intercellular level. The term is fairly new however the manipulation of molecules has been around for quite some time.
Many different substances can be broken down to nano-sized particles. In relation to window film, these particles are used as coatings to control solar energy.
What Does “Ceramic” Mean?
The term ceramic is frequently used when nitrate and oxide coatings are used in window film construction. During the coating process, nitrogen and/or oxygen are introduced into the sputtering chamber in conjunction with a negative electrical charge and argon gas. By introducing these gases, the target metal is transformed into a non-metal state. The appearance of the coating changes drastically and is less reflective in appearance compared to a metalized coating. Hence the term ceramic, as the coating is no longermetal with metal properties and appearance.
Why are we talking about Infrared Heat Rejection in Window Films ?
Claims about “infrared rejection” or other infrared controlling characteristics imparted to glass by solar control window film are becoming abundant in current marketing literature, but the claims that are being made do not always reflect the true performanceof the product in rejecting heat.
There is no formally recognised measurement of infrared rejection by the fenestration (window) industry,and as a result, a few manufacturers previously decided to publish“IR Rejection” values at specific wavelengths or over a narrow range 900-100nm Suntek and others are now calling this the selective IR . This methodology results in an incomplete assessment of the solar infrared energy, since the energy across the infrared portion of the solar spectrum varies widely, 780 to 2500 Nano meters. Suntek now refer to this as IR rejection but will also give you the Selected 3M version for comparison.
Measuring IR at a single point or in a small range does not encompass the total amount of heat gain caused by the infrared component of the spectrum, only a small part of it. It is critically important to become informed about the entire solar energy spectrum, not just one factor in the range, as well as the additional effects of absorption on heat gain.
Solar Energy
An understanding of solar energy is required to fully understand infrared rejection claims. The Solar Spectrum is made up of Visible light (49%), UV (2%) and Infrared or NIR (49%).
Visible Light reaching the surface of the earth that can be seen by humans is located between the wavelengths of 400 and 780 nanometres (nm) in the spectrum. It accounts for 49% of the overall solar energy from the sun but only 43% of the Heat. As the Visiblelight hits a surface the heat builds on that surface.
UV, or Ultraviolet Light falls between 100 nm to 380 nm and is not visible to the human eye. This energy is highly energetic and destructive (Skin Cancer, Burning, Fading) but, when considering heat the amount of energy it carries is small compared to the amountof energy contained by visible and infrared light. This form of light only accounts for 3% of the heat.
Last, the remaining energy is Infrared Radiation. The near infrared portion of the solar spectrum runs from approximately 780 nm to 2,500 nm and carries about 49% of the solar energy – just under half of the total solar energy. Although it accounts for 53% of the heat from the sun! Technically, radiation beyond 2,500 nm is also infrared, but this “long wave” radiation is a very small portion of the total solar energy and is mostly associated with radiation from room temperature and warm objects. It is widelyaccepted that the NIR radiation is 780 nm to 2500 nm, meaning the entire NIR “band” is 1,720 nm wide.
Some window film companies elaborate on the fact that their window films have an amazing SPF factor 75+ or that they are recommended by the Cancer Foundation.
Just to be clear!…. All the reputable automotive films have equivalent SPF of around 300, due to the fact they stop 99% of UV. The SPF rating given by ARPANSA only goes to 50+ as the rating system was designed for clothing so anything above 50 is not correct. Window film is obviously amongst the best protection against skin cancer, and recommended by various cancer prevention organisations.
The cancer council of Australia has come to arrangement with Motor One who are allowed to use their logo on a dealership film. Motor One makes a donation to the foundation on each sale for the privilege.
Customers may well get a better film off you, for a substantially cheaper price and with all the money they save,they might donate some of that to the Cancer foundation…. should they choose to.
We have ARPANSA reports on all our films should you want a copy.
Suntek CIR
If your starting to think a Nano Ceramic film might be something you would like to try, call our office for a 30” x10’ sample roll to give it a go. You can check out the performance here.
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Aircraft missile R-24 (K-24)
Even before the adoption of the MiG-23M with the R-23 by a joint decision of the Air Force, the Ministry of Aviation and Defense Industry in 1973 began to develop an improved version of the K-23M, which was carried out on "Vimpel" under the leadership of V.A. Pustovoytov. The radar homing head "Topaz-M" (RGS-23M, 9B-1022) was created under the general leadership of E.I. Genishta, and M.N. Gushchin became its deputy. Detailed work plan was approved by the decision of the military-industrial complex on April 10, 1974. for equipping the K-23M aircraft MiG-29 and MiG-23 in versions ML and M. To achieve maximum combat efficiency was used a more powerful engine, a new power unit, providing a long flight for extended range, an improved fuse.
In the same 1974, were produced experimental missiles with the maximum use of elements of the standard R-23, but already equipped with SN Topaz-M. In 1975, released a sketch draft of an improved version of the rocket, which by that time received the designation of K-24. Due to the high degree of continuity with the R-23, production of the mattress was fast. In the same 1975 were made two ballistic launches of "products 142" with a free-standing ground installation, under a new missile re-equipped MiG-23M number 7110. In accordance with the decision of the military-industrial complex from the beginning of next year were planned to test with the MiG-23ML No.125 and 126. The same document provided for the development of passive radar CNS for firing at aircraft type AVAKS, but this direction was implemented much later, already in the case of K-27 missiles. The following year, 1976, eight launches of "products 142" completed factory tests. Another year later, the main volume of state tests was completed, to conduct which were additionally involved in the MiG-23M ¹ 8530 and a number of prototypes of MiG-23ML (No.124, 125, 126). However, identified weaknesses of the CNS required additional improvements, so that flights and rocket launches continued until 1979. The stability of the aircraft engine during the launch of missiles was studied on the MiG-23ML No. 125.
The initial design of the K-24 missile was determined by the prospect of using the new radar GOS. However, as a result, a missile was created, almost all elements of which surpassed the R-23 by the level of perfection. It was absurd to maintain the production of R-23T in parallel with the "radius" of K-24. Besides, some prospects for further improvement of the thermal GOS were revealed. As a result, the development of the K-24T ("product 160") began by the decision of the MIC on April 4, 1975. The conceptual design was released in 1976, but a number of missile elements were manufactured a year earlier. However, due to a delay of "Geophysics" with the development and delivery of the head 23T4 flight tests began only in 1978 with two launches from the ground and 11 - with the MiG-23ML number 125 and MiG-23P number 142. The following year, six program and eight controlled launches of thermal K-24 were conducted, and aircraft No 141 joined the tests.
In 1979 there were launched 14 combat and two autonomous missiles, completing the second stage of state tests by signing the relevant act in early 1980. The next year the act of the State Commission with recommendation to adopt the missile was approved. Prototypes of MiG-23ML (No.124 and 125) and its modifications for the MiG-23P air defense (No. 141 and 142), as well as "sparka" MiG-23UB (No. 1301 and 202) participated in the flight tests of the thermal version.
Formal adoption of the new missile as a standard weapon of the MiG-23ML and MiG-23P was carried out by a decree of April 6, 1981.
R-24 missiles were successfully used from MiG-23ML aircraft during the armed conflict in South Lebanon in 1982. According to the Syrian side, these fighters managed to shoot down three F-15 and one F-4 with a "dry count".
Later the missile underwent another modernization in accordance with the joint decision of the Air Force, the Ministry of Radio Industry and Aviation Industry of October 28, 1983. Already in 1984, the first four launches of K-24M missiles equipped with improved GSN were conducted. In 1985, with the MiG-23M ¹ 420 carried out launches of four combat and one telemetry K-24M, including a jammer Tu-16 and a helicopter Mi-4, standing on the ground with a running engine and rotating propeller. In 1986, carried out another eight launches on the MiG-21, simulating cruise missiles, after which the R-24M ("product 140M") was adopted for service.
In 1981, a version of the missile with an active radar CNS was considered. Despite the positive results of research, this direction has not been implemented: the main forces of the designers had to focus on creating active SLN for more modern missiles.
In the Russian Air Force, R-24 missiles remained in service until 1997. As part of the MiG-23 fighters, the missile was exported to many countries, among them: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bulgaria, North Korea, Cuba, Ethiopia, Germany, India, Iraq, Yugoslavia, Libya, Poland, Romania, Czech Republic, Syria, Slovakia, Sudan, Hungary and others.
In the west, R-24R was designated Apex AA-7C and R-24T was designated Apex AA-7D.
On the whole, the development of the K-24 missile has become a milestone in the history of domestic rocket building. Due to the implementation of the original scheme of operation for the first time it was possible to achieve superiority in maximum range over the U.S. counterparts armament of front-line aircraft.
Composition:
The P-24 missile (see projections) is shaped according to the normal aerodynamic scheme with destabilizers located on the homing head housing. The missile can be equipped with a semi-active homing radar head (R-24P) or a thermal head (R-24T). On the radar R-24R ("product 140") used a new homing head RGS-24 (9B-1022), on the R-24T ("product 160") - an improved all-angle infrared TGS-23T4, photoreceiver which was cooled with nitrogen to -195°C. Dimensions and position of the destabilizers are selected depending on the type of GSN used so as to keep the torque characteristics of the missile unchanged.
The most noticeable external difference of the new missile from the P-23 was the use of wings with backward sweep along the rear edge. The internal layout has also changed, and the number of compartments has been reduced from 8 to 5. The first compartment was traditionally the homing head. The second compartment sequentially housed a radio detonator "Squaretz", autopilot and a turbine generator working from a special gunpowder pressure accumulator. The core combat unit with a radius of destruction of 10 m and the safety executive mechanism was moved to the third compartment. The PRD-287 solid fuel engine formed the fourth compartment. The engine has an extended operating time, provides greater range and speed up to M=3.5 . In the fifth compartment around the elongated gas flow nozzle was placed a block of gas generators, providing power to the steering machines.
Semi-active radar homing head RGS-24 (9B-1022) compared to the prototype has increased noise immunity and range. Due to the implementation of the so-called "pseudo kinematic link" with an analogue computing device, the duration of autonomous flight was increased to 10s, which allowed, regardless of aiming errors, to hit targets at a distance 30% higher than the maximum range of target acquisition CNS. As a result, the launch range in the front hemisphere was increased from 25 to 32 km, in the rear - from 15 to 20 km.
Overloads were integrated in the SSS 9B-1022 equipment units, which provided inertial control in the autonomous flight section, and after the target was captured for auto tracking - filtration when assessing the angular velocity. This was done by means of a kinematic relations model built in a rotating coordinate system using a range line as the X-differential equation axis linking the angular velocity of the sighting line to the projection of the missile's overload on its orthogonal plane. The coefficients of these equations are the relative range and approach velocity, which are also calculated by integrating the corresponding overload projection. The initial conditions necessary for calculating the angular velocity of the range line are formed in the rocket's calculator during the development of the angular target designation while the missile is still in suspension. The function of the calculator, as a result of which the angular velocity of the range line is predicted, starts from the moment of descent, and the model uses measurements of the missile's overload in projections on the antenna axes, as well as measurements of the missile's angular velocity relative to the missile's longitudinal axis. This results in an estimate of the angular velocity of the range line, which is necessary to control the missile and the antenna head, while the head does not capture the target. The use of inertial control before target acquisition by the head made it possible to fully exploit the missile's launch error correction capabilities. The ratio between the allowable launch range and the capture range proved to be independent of launch errors.
In the P-24R missile's control system, the model of kinematic relations in a rotating coordinate system associated with the range line is used even after capture as a filter for estimating angular velocity. Thus, in the R-24R control system, a Kalman filter of the Kalman structure was used for the first time to filter and form controls, using as the core of the filter the object model - kinematic relations connecting the angular velocity of the range line and relative acceleration.
The upgraded R-24 (R-24M) missile has a significantly higher efficiency. For the first time, R-24M was provided with firing at hovering helicopters and selective targeting of a target flying in a dense group. The possibility of hitting maneuvering and low-altitude targets has increased, as well as protection from combined and interference.
The R-24 missile is placed on a modified launcher - APU-23M1.
Characteristics:
R-24R R-24Т
Maximum launch range in the front hemisphere, km 50 35
Minimum launch range in the rear hemisphere, km 0.5 0.5
Flight height of targets, km 0.04 -25
Dimensions, mm:
- length
- diameter
- wingspan
- steering wheel range
4494
200
1000
646
4218
200
1000
646
Starter weight, kg 245 238
Weight of combat unit, kg 35 35
Time of controlled flight, s 45 45
Time of controlled flight, units 5 5
Testing:
Having unique flight and tactical characteristics, MiG-25P for a long time was operated only as part of the Soviet air defense fighter aircraft. In the early 1980s, its delivery abroad began, and soon its baptism of fire took place. Even before the beginning of the large-scale Lebanese conflict, in spring 1981, the Syrians announced the destruction of the F-15.
According to the Iraqi Air Force Command, from December 1982 to October 1986, during the Iran-Iraq war, the Iraqi MiG-25 shot down an Iranian F-5E fighter, an EU-130E counter-electronic aircraft, and three Phantoms, including one in a reconnaissance version.
During Operation Desert Storm, January 17, 1991, Iraqi MiG-25 managed to shoot down an American F/A-18, and in 2002 - an unmanned reconnaissance drone Predeitor.
Sources:
1. В.Марковский, К.Перов Советские авиационные ракеты "воздух-воздух"-М.: ООО "Издательский дом "Экспринт", 2005.-48с.
2. Vympel R-23 e R-24 (AA-7 Apex)
3. Очерк истории создания отечественного управляемого оружия класса "воздух - воздух"
4. Отечественные ракеты воздух-воздух
Other languages:
Classification:
Basing:
Definition:
Country:
Range:
50 km.
Year:
1981 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zeitgeist Project
The result was delete. Needs to at least have some reliable sources to prove notability; otherwise it fails WP:CORP, WP:V, etc. As DGG mentioned, it isn't technically a speedy since there is assertion of notability, though given the barren state of sources I'll delete for now. If they pop up in the future, feel free to recreate the article. Master of Puppets Call me MoP! :) 23:26, 24 March 2008 (UTC)
Zeitgeist Project
* ( [ delete] ) – (View AfD) (View log)
Hmmm... what to say about this one? According to its website the Zeitgeist Project is "a bold and historic initiative that seeks to bring together under one roof a society’s most influential leaders, thinkers, and artists not only to celebrate the Zeitgeist but also to address viral ideologies." Apparently it will be led by a panel of "royalty, heads of state, UN representatives, international business leaders and Nobel Laureates." Oddly though, for such a lofty organisation, its website offers no information whatsoever about who is behind the project, or who these world leaders and Nobel Laureates are. And given its crucial importance, it seems strange that Google finds only 82 hits for the phrase "Zeitgeist Project", few or none of which appear to relate to this organisation. And it's odder still that an organisation of global importance seems to use linkspamming across on Wikipedia as its main method of publicising itself (see the revision histories of Zeitgeist and Zeitgeist the Movie - the latter particularly inappropriate as the website declares loudly that it has nothing to do with the movie). I can only conclude that this is one of three things: a shadowy, secretive and therefore unverifiable organisation; something just invented by a person whose ambitions are far greater than his connections; or an outright fabrication. Whichever of the three it is, it doesn't belong on Wikipedia. Iain99Balderdash and piffle 19:17, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
* Speedy delete. Fractionally more substance than a typical MADEUP article but nowhere near enough to justify inclusion. -- RHaworth (Talk | contribs) 19:19, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
* Speedy delete - no evidence of notability, only source is their own website. JohnCD (talk) 19:58, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
* See Talk:Zeitgeist Project for the article author's response to this. I'm not convinced; I concur with Iain99 and recommend deletion. -- The Anome (talk) 20:44, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
* Speedy delete per above. It's not made up but it easily fails the notability guideline. PeterSymonds | talk 20:45, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
* RELY In response to the request for deletion of "Zeitgeist Project":
1. The reason sited for deletion is: "non-notable organisation. A glance at their website will show that it does not exist yet Speedy concern: non-notable organisation. A glance at their website will show that it does not exist yet." '''THIS IS FALSE. The site does exist (www.zeitgeistproject.org)'''
2. It is claimed: "it seems strange that Google finds only 82 hits for the phrase "Zeitgeist Project", few or none of which appear to relate to this organisation" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Zeitgeist_Project). '''THIS IS CORRECT, but this is only because the Zeitgeist Project only went live a few days ago. Therefore, the above reason for deletion is not justifiable.'''
3. It is claimed: "Oddly though, for such a lofty organisation, its website offers no information whatsoever about who is behind the project, or who these world leaders and Nobel Laureates are." As '''stated on the Zeitgeist Project website, the project is ONLY in its infancy stages. The website NO where claims that the advisory board exists. The website's intend "is" to explain the vision and scope of what the Zeitgeist Project CAN be.'''
4. It is claimed: "And it's odder still that an organisation of global importance seems to use linkspamming across Wikipedia as its main method of publicising itself." '''To use the word "across" is hyperbolic. The author of this criticism only offers two examples one of which is the article "Zeitgeist". Since the Zeitgeist Project directly pertains to the Zeitgeist then how is adding an external and internal link to the "Zeitgeist" Wikipedia article a form of "linkspamming"?'''I wonder if the author of this criticism is the same author of the Zeitgeist article entry.
5. It is claimed: "I can only conclude that this is one of three things: a shadowy, secretive and therefore unverifiable organisation; something just invented by a person whose ambitions are far greater than his connections; or an outright fabrication. Whichever of the three it is, it doesn't belong on Wikipedia." '''None of these claims have any substance, in fact these remarks border on being incendiary. This person's entire case for deletion is a non sequitur. For example, to claim that Zeitgeist Project is an "ambitious" project and THEREFORE should be deleted is simply nonsensical and should not even require a response. However, a response is required or the Zeitgeist Project entry will be deleted. Second, there is nothing "shadowy" and/or "secretive" about the Zeitgeist Project. Did the author of this criticism actually read what the Zeitgeist Project hopes to accomplish? What it is promoting is anything but "shadowy" - ambitious yes, but surely NOT secretive. Finally, what is meant by "outright fabrication"? Clearly this is another example of a type of ignoratio elenchi fallacy.''' --Charles vanier (talk) 21:14, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
* Delete as an hypothetical organisation with no real evidence of even existence, but I do nto see how it is really fits the dfefinition of speedy, since it does assert importance.DGG (talk) 21:29, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
* Dear DGG, thank you for your remarks. You are correct the criticism against the Zeitgeist Project does not fall under the definition of "speedy". Please define as to what constitutes a "hypothetical organization" and what would constitute, in your own words, "real evidence"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Charles vanier (talk • contribs)
* Comment Charles, I suggest you read our policies and guidelines on notability, verifiability, reliable sources and speculation. If, as you say, this is a nascent organisation with no coverage in reliable sources (such as newspapers) then it doesn't belong on Wikipedia yet. Being ambitious is good, but at the moment there is no way for the rest of us to tell whether your ability to carry the project through matches your ambitions, and therefore whether anything will come of it. As such an article at this time would be premature. If you do manage to recruit world leaders and Nobel laureates to your group though, you will get plenty of coverage and an article would be guaranteed. Until then though, the mere fact that you desire to recruit them is not by itself enough. Sorry for suggesting the organisation was a fabrication but - here's some friendly advice - by making so many claims about how important the Zeitgeist Project is going to be and providing so little support for them (even contact details are missing), your site does look like some of the hoax websites I've seen. We get a lot of them here. As for the linking, see External links; Wikipedia articles are not places to collect any and all links with a tangential relevance to the subject of the article. The correct place for a link to zeitgeistproject would be the organisation's article itself - if it survives this AfD. Iain99Balderdash and piffle 22:21, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
* Dear Iain99, thank you for your insightful remarks. As I am new to Wikipedia I am in the process of learning all the various "rules." I have read carefully the "Notability" article, however, I am not claiming the "notability criterion" as a means of authenticity. You correctly mention that there is "no way" of knowing "whether anything will come of it (Zeitgeist Project)". You are correct. As in most things in life there are no certainties. I will do everything in my power to make this vision a reality. If you recognize the value of appropriating "Unity in diversity for the purpose of cultivating peace" then I humbly submit this article on the Zeitgeist Project as a MEANS of moving the project along. As you are well aware Wikipedia is a powerful tool of communication, hence my reason in submitting the "Zeitgeist Project" article. Second, "contact details are (not) missing" (please see ). To your credit, the Contact link may have been dead when you checked. I must confess, I do not understand when you say that "your site does look like some of the hoax website." I can assure you it is not. Please read my bio
--Charles vanier (talk) 23:07, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
- What the common denominator amongst those who are requesting deletion is the consistent lack of sustained argument.
* Delete. Not notable based on author's description here. Klausness (talk) 01:04, 24 March 2008 (UTC)
* Delete. Per obvious COI issue as Charles vanier claims to be the founder of said group! Also, despite its grand ideas, the group doesn't meet them yet. Perhaps one day, if it can ever achieve such a status it might be worthy of an article, but as the group just went live a few days ago (and did so without heads of state/nobel laureates) then it is currently not notable.Balloonman (talk) 06:15, 24 March 2008 (UTC)
* Keep.
- Notice that no one actually quotes from Wikipedia deletion policy. This is very telling. For example, Balloonman states that his ‘reason’ for deletion is COI. A cursory reading of Wikipedia’s official policy about deletion clearly does NOT state that COI is one of its criteria.
- Given the lack of cogent arguments, it is also suspect why people even “feel” compelled to submit a request for deletion, especially given the fact that they make vague and incorrect assertions about Wikipedia’s official policy.
- In other words, it makes sense to submit a request for deletion when there is justifiable warrant after explicitly citing from Wikipedia’s official policy pertaining to causes for deletion. --Charles vanier (talk) 14:50, 24 March 2008 (UTC)
* Delete. Waffly article about a plan or scheme which apparently lacks reliable sources indicating notability at the moment. If this becomes notable, another Bilderberg Group, Bohemian Club, or Council on Foreign Relations, we'll know that the Illuminati are behind it, but at least it will be notable. But not yet. - Smerdis of Tlön (talk) 16:38, 24 March 2008 (UTC)
| WIKI |
طابق
Etymology
From, source of the root.
Noun
* 1) a large tile or brick
* 2) a frying-pan
* 3) a sheet of iron or flat piece of metal, for example for baking on it
* 4) a joint, a limb or member of the body
Verb
* 1) to be in accordance with
* 2) to be commensurate to, to be congruent with, to agree with in outer properties | WIKI |
List of fan conventions by date of founding
The list of modern fan conventions for various genres of entertainment extends to the first conventions held in the 1930s.
Some fan historians claim that the 1936 Philadelphia Science Fiction Conference, a.k.a. Philcon, was the first science fiction convention ever held. Others, such as Fred Patten and Rob Hansen, make this claim for the January 1937 event in Leeds, England, organized by the Leeds Science Fiction League, which was specifically organized as a conference, with a program and speakers. Out of this came the first incarnation of the British Science Fiction Association.
While a few conventions were created in various parts of the world within the period between 1935 and 1960, the number of convention establishments increased slightly in the 1960s and then increased dramatically in the 1970s, with many of the largest conventions in the modern era being established during the latter decade. Impetuses for further establishment of local fan conventions include:
* The return of superhero characters and franchises during the Silver Age of Comic Books (1956-1970)
* science fiction adaptations for television serials (e.g., Star Trek) in the 1960s-1970s
* the growth of role-playing (in the 1970s and 1980s) as a genre of tabletop, live-action and eventually video/computer gaming, which not only inspired roleplay of favorite characters in full-body costumes but also inspired existing franchises to adapt their themes for said methods of gaming
* the growth in home taping (starting with VHS in the late 1970s) of television broadcasts, including popular serials.
* the growth of computerized communication, including the Internet and Internet-dependent applications in the 1980s and 1990s.
1930s
* Philcon (1936)
* Worldcon (1939)
1940s
* Boskone (1941)
* Eastercon (1948)
* Westercon (1948)
1950s
* Disclave (1950–1997)
* Midwestcon (1950)
* Lunacon (1957)
1960s
* MileHiCon (1960)
* Nihon SF Taikai (1962)
* DeepSouthCon (1963)
* First Long Beach Science Fantasy Convention (1963)
* Second Long Beach Science Fantasy Convention (1964)
1965
* Academy Con
* Detroit Triple Fan Fair
* Lucca Comics & Games — at that point known as "Salone Internazionale del Comics"
* Marcon
1966
* Balticon
1967
* Houstoncon
1968
* British Comic Art Convention
* Comic Art Convention
* Minicon
1969
* Aggiecon
* Bubonicon
* ConQuesT
1970s
* Multicon (1970–1982)
* Comic-Con — at that point called the "Golden State Comic-Con"
1971
* Arcana
* Creation Con
* Novacon
* VCON
1972
* Chicago Comic-Con — at that point called "Nostalgia '72"
* Eurocon
* Salón Internacional del Cómic del Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Spain (1972–2014)
1973
* Loscon
* Windycon
1974
* Angoulême International Comics Festival
* ConFusion
* LepreCon
* OrlandoCon
* TusCon
1975
* Atlanta Fantasy Fair (1975–1995)
* Comiket, Tokyo, Japan
* Icon (Iowa)
* NASFIC
* SwanCon
* Unicon (1975–1989)
* World Fantasy Convention
1976
* ConClave
* Chattacon
* Stellarcon
1977
* Archon
* CoastCon
* MidSouthCon
* Starfest
* Strip Turnhout Turnhout, Antwerp, Belgium — biennial show
* Wiscon
* OKON
1978
* MediaWest*Con
* Norwescon
1979
* ArmadilloCon
* FantaCon, Albany, New York (1979–1990; 2013)
* NatCon (New Zealand)
* OryCon
* Shore Leave Towson/Hunt Valley, MD (1979-2019; 2022-2023); COVID Virtual (2020-2021) Lancaster, PA (2024)
1980
* Ad Astra
* Mid-Ohio Con
1981
* Barcelona International Comics Convention
* Capricon
* InConJunction
1982
* BayCon
* Dallas Fantasy Fair (1982–1995)
* Heroes Convention
* I-CON (1982)
* Life, the Universe, & Everything
* Microcon
1983
* Comix Fair (1983–c. 1996) — Houston, TX
* SFeraKon
* SoonerCon
1984
* Con-Version
* Ohio Valley Filk Fest
* Polcon
* United Kingdom Comic Art Convention (UKCAC)
* Vulkon — at that point known as "Trekon"
1986
* Finncon
* Magnum Opus Con (1986–2001)
* Polaris
1987
* Confluence
* Dragon Con
* Readercon
* WonderCon
1988
* Starbase Indy
* Starfleet International Conference
1989
* Festival of Fantastic Films
* Motor City Comic Con
1990
* Octocon
* Arisia
* Gallifrey One
* DemiCon
* CONduit
* MarsCon (Virginia)
* Visions (1990–1998)
* A-Kon
1991
* Escapade Con
* DucKon
* SiliCon
1992
* CAN-CON
* CAPTION
* Convencion de Juegos de Mesa y Comics
* FedCon
* Diversicon
* Dimension Jump
* Stripdagen Haarlem
* World Horror Convention
1993
* FACTS
* MegaCon
* ConDor
1994
* Alternative Press Expo
* BotCon
* G-Fest
* Memorabilia
* Pittsburgh Comicon
* Small Press Expo (SPX)
1995
* Armageddon
* Fan Expo Canada — then known as the "Canadian National Comic Book Expo"
* Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3)
1996
* Albacon
* Big Apple Convention — then known as "Halleluja Con"
* Festival fantazie
* Jornadas de Cómic (Aviles, Spain)
1997
* Conestoga
* ShadowCon
* Wizard World Chicago — takes over Chicago Comicon
1998
* ICon festival (Israel)
* MOBICON
* Swecon
1999
* Comic Festival — at that point known as "Comic 99"
* CONvergence
* EerieCon
* Festival Internacional de Quadrinhos (FIQ)
* Générations Star Wars et Science Fiction
* MarsCon (Minnesota)
* Star Wars Celebration
* WillyCon
* Pyrkon
2000
* Baltimore Comic-Con
* DeepCon
* Gatecon
* New York International Sci-Fi and Fantasy Creators Convention (2000–2002)
* Small Press and Alternative Comics Expo (SPACE)
* Trinoc*coN (2000–2008)
* UnCommonCon (2000–2001)
2001
* Capclave
* Coco Bulles (2001–2009)
* ConGlomeration
* Vericon
2002
* Adventure Con
* ConCarolinas
* ConDFW
* Dallas Comic Con
* East Coast Black Age of Comics Convention (ECBACC)
* MAGFest
* MoCCA Festival
* Phoenix Comicon
* Supanova Pop Culture Expo, Australia
2003
* Anime Boston
* Anime Friends
* Emerald City ComiCon
* TCAF
* Toronto Comic Con
* Monster-Mania Con
* ConBust Smith College Science Fiction/Fantasy Society Convention
2004
* ApolloCon
* Comic Expo (Bristol International Comic & Small Press Expo)
* Comics Salon (2004–2007) — Slovakia
* FenCon
* Itzacon
* Linucon (2004–2005)
* London Film and Comic Con
* Stumptown Comics Fest
2005
* Hypericon
* Komikazen
* MomoCon
* STAPLE!
* TimeGate
2006
* BabelCon
* Central Canada Comic Con — at this point known as the "Manitoba Comic Con"
* Lille Comics Festival
* Montreal Comic-con
* New York Comic Con
* RavenCon
2007
* Lazy Dragon Con
* Geek.Kon
* Åcon
2008
* Comicpalooza
* Comics Fest India
* Hi-Ex
* SpoCon
* Gamescom (formerly Games Convention)
2009
* Brasil Game Show (BGS, formerly Rio Game Show (RGS))
* The North American Discworld Convention
2010
* Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo (C2E2)
* SFContario (2010)
* Pensacola Comic Convention (2010)
2011
* BronyCon
* Comikaze Expo
* Treklanta (formerly TrekTrax Atlanta)
2012
* Chicago Alternative Comics Expo (CAKE)
* Denver Comic Con (DCC)
* East Coast Comicon — then known as the "Asbury Park Comicon"
* London Super Comic Convention
* Rhode Island Comic Con
* Wildcat Comic Con
2013
* Massachusetts Independent Comics Expo (MICE)
* Salt Lake Comic Con
2014
* Comic Con Experience (CCXP)
* Kreepy Geek Con
* RuffleCon
* CONjuration
2015
* Asia Pop Comic Convention
* Cartoon Crossroads Columbus
* Gamercom
* For the Love of Sci-Fi
* Rupaul's Drag Con
2016
* Silicon Valley Comic Con
2017
* Warsaw Comic Con
2018
* Comic Con Africa
* Comic Con Liverpool
* Comic Con Scotland
* Empire City Con: A Steven Universe Fan Convention
* For the Love of Horror | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 112 Part 3.djvu/515
PUBLIC LAW 105-263—OCT. 19, 1998 112 STAT. 2345 (3) YOUTH ACTIVITY FACILITIES. — Within 30 days after a request by Clark County, Nevada, the Secretary shall offer to Clark County, Nevada, the land depicted on the map entitled " Vicinity Map Parcel 177-28-101-020 dated August 14, 1996, in accordance with the Recreation and Public Purposes Act for the construction of youth activity facilities. (c) WITHDRAWAL.— Subject to valid existing rights, all Federal lands identified in subsection (a) for disposal are withdrawn from location and entry, under the mining laws and from operation under the mineral leasing and geothermal leasing laws until such time as the Secretary terminates the withdrawal or the lands are patented. (d) SELECTION.— (1) JOINT SELECTION REQUIRED. — The Secretary and the unit of local government in whose jurisdiction lands referred to in subsection (a) are located shall jointly select lands to be offered for sale or exchange under this section. The Secretary shall coordinate land disposal activities with the unit of local government in whose jurisdiction such lands are located. Land disposal activities of the Secretary shall be consistent with local land use planning and zoning requirements and recommendations. (2) OFFERING. —After land has been selected in accordance with this subsection, the Secretary shall make the first offering of land as soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act. (e) DISPOSITION OP PROCEEDS. — (1) LAND SALES. —Of the gross proceeds of sales of land under this subsection in a fiscal year— (A) 5 percent shall be paid directly to the State of Nevada for use in the general education program of the State; (B) 10 percent shall be paid directly to the Southern Nevada Water Authority for water treatment and transmission facility infrastructure in Clark County, Nevada; and (C) the remainder shall be deposited in a special account in the Treasury of the United States for use pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3). Amounts in the special account shall be available to the Secretary without further appropriation and shall remain available until expended. (2) LAND EXCHANGES.— (A) PAYMENTS.—In the case of a land exchange under this section, the non-Federal party shall provide direct payments to the State of Nevada and the Southern Nevada Water Authority in accordance with paragraphs (1)(A) and (B). The payments shall be based on the fair market value of the Federal lands to be conveyed in the exchange and shall be considered a cost incurred by the non-Federal party that shall be compensated by the Secretary if so provided by any agreement to initiate exchange. (B) PENDING EXCHANGES.—The provisions of this Act, except this subsection and subsections (a) and (b), shall not apply to any land exchange for which an initial a^eement to initiate an exchange was signed by an authorized
� | WIKI |
従う
Verb
* 1) to follow; to move in the same path or direction
* 2) to obey; to comply
* 3) to be moved freely by external force
* 4) to respond; to come up as a result
* 5) to imitate
* 6) to undertake; to commit oneself to an obligation, activity etc.
* 1) to be moved freely by external force
* 2) to respond; to come up as a result
* 3) to imitate
* 4) to undertake; to commit oneself to an obligation, activity etc.
* 1) to respond; to come up as a result
* 2) to imitate
* 3) to undertake; to commit oneself to an obligation, activity etc.
* 1) to imitate
* 2) to undertake; to commit oneself to an obligation, activity etc.
* 1) to undertake; to commit oneself to an obligation, activity etc.
* 1) to undertake; to commit oneself to an obligation, activity etc.
Antonyms
* (violate)
* , (defy, rebel)
* (dominate, rule) | WIKI |
Our Own House (song)
"Our Own House" is a song performed by American indie pop band MisterWives. It is the opening track on their debut full-length album of the same name and was issued as the album's first single. The song was co-written by lead singer Mandy Lee. It peaked at number 25 on the Billboard rock chart in 2015.
Critical reception
The song has received positive reviews. Alex Bear of idobi Radio described it as "an explosion [of] brilliant colors between chilled-out verses". Garrett Kamps of Billboard and Miles Waymer of Entertainment Weekly both praised the song's disco feel, with the former further complimenting its "Nile Rodgers-style" guitar work; and the latter stating that Lee's vocals result in a "soaring, emotional melody" while positively comparing her sound to Lorde and Gossip.
Music video
The official music video for the song was directed by Andrew Joffe. | WIKI |
Kirovsky Zavod (Saint Petersburg Metro)
Kirovsky Zavod (Ки́ровский заво́д) (literally Kirov's Factory) is a station of the Saint Petersburg Metro on the Kirovsko-Vyborgskaya Line. It is named after the Kirov Plant which traditionally manufactured armaments. The station opened on 15 November 1955. | WIKI |
node package manager
mocha-selenium
Mocha Selenium
Everything you need for selenium testing in node.js.
There are two parts: the library and the runner.
The library provides you with the setup() function which returns a driver that is instrumented to make your tests simple, semantic, and easy to use. Among other things, it is automatically initialized in a before() clause, destroyed in an after() clause, and will even fire up an instance of your app & a webdriver server if you need them!
The runner is configured with a selenium.json file, and will run your mocha test files in series or in parallel, for any number of browsers. Installing it with npm install -g mocha-selenium will give you the mocha-selenium command on your path.
The Library
Has a bunch of options. Some of the options are default to ENV variables if they are present. Read the docs for a thorough description.
Here's an example:
var expect = require('expect.js')
, b = require('mocha-selenium').setup("Login Page", {
appDir: path.dirname(__dirname),
lastShot: "failed"
});
describe('The login page', function () {
this.timeout(20 * 1000)
before(function (done) {
b.get(b.baseUrl + '/login', done)
})
it('should work', function (done) {
function fail(err) {
b.haltChain()
done(err)
}
b.chain({onError: fail})
.fillInForm('.loginForm', {
username: 'jsmith',
password: '1830'
})
.clickByCss('.loginForm button.submit')
// make sure we were redirected to the account page
.url(function (err, url) {
if (err) return fail(err)
expect(url).to.match(/\/account$/)
done()
})
})
})
Convenience functions added to the driver
In addition to the normal wd methods, there are the following:
General Methods
ensureCookie(name, value, done(err))
On the current page, if the cookie by the name of name with value value does not exist, set the cookie and refresh the page.
If value is a function, it is called with the current value of the cookie. If it returns a value other than the current cookie value, the cookie is set to that value.
fillInForm(data, [formSelector,] done(err))
Data is a map of "input name": "value to type". If formSelector is given, only inputs that are children of the given selector will be filled in. Otherwise, the first input in the document with the given name will be populated.
rel(url, done(err))
Gets b.baseUrl + url.
Element-specific methods
The following suffixes are available for these methods, mirroring the wd library:
ByClassName, ByCssSelector, ById, ByName, ByLinkText, ByPartialLinkText, ByTagName, ByXPath, ByCss.
I will use the ByCss suffix for demonstration.
• textByCss(selector, done(err, text, element))
• visibleByCss(selector, done(err, isVisible, element))
• valueByCss(selector, done(err, value, element))
• clickByCss(selector, done(err, element))
• waitAndGet(selector, timeout, done(err, element))
• waitAndClickByCss(selector, timeout, done(err, element))
The Runner
Run your mocha selenium tests in parallel in mutliple browsers.
Usage
Usage: mocha-selenium [options]
Options:
-h, --help output usage information
-V, --version output the version number
-e, --environment [env] Pick the environment to run (host + browsers). Default: local
-p, --parallel Run the tests in parallel. Default: false
-c, --config [file] Specify the config file. Default: ./selenium.json
Config
{
files: // filename or glob, or list of filenames or globs
envs: { // a map of [envname] to an environment definition.
local: [browserdef, ...] OR {
browsers: [browserdef, ...],
inherits: // name or list of names of other environemnts. Their
// browserdefs will be appended to the current env.
// if no hostname is given, mocha-selenium will start its own
// selenium drivers. Currently phantomjs and chrome are supported
hostname: "ondemand.saucelabs.com",
port: 80,
auth: {
type: 'plain',
username: 'MyName',
password: 'secret'
} OR {
type: 'env', // the username and password are environmental variables
username: 'SAUCE_USERNAME',
password: 'SAUCE_ACCESS_KEY'
}
},
otherenv: ...,
...
}
}
Browserdef:
["browsername", "version", "platform"]
ex:
["internet explorer", "8", "Windows XP"] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Historyoffranc00yong.djvu/199
IX.] THE GREAT REVOLUTION. 175 to the guillotine (A pril g, }J 3^ ^'ith his supporters, fore- telling that Robespierre would not be long behind them. The Convention decreed that " Terror and all the virtues should be the order of the day." Yet Robespiere still fancied himself a benefactor to the human race, and moreover made the Convention decree that it acknow- ledged the existence of a God and of a future state. He held a festival in honour of the Supreme Being (June 3, 1794). But the slaughtering increased every day, though all the time Robespierre seems to have believed that he was only clearing away the foes of mankind, and retained a gentleness of manner and daintiness of dress and car- riage. At last some of the Committee of Public Safety, be- ing jealous of him, and finding that he was about to destroy them, resolved to be beforehand with him. Finding out what was going on, he denounced the Committee in the Con- vention, but was met by silence, and the ne.xt day, the 27th of July, 1794, Tallien openly denounced him in the Con- vention as a second Cromwell, and there was a general outcry of " Down with the tyrant." Robespierre raged and struggled, but too much noise was kept up to allow him to speak, and he was arrested with his brother and four more, crying, " The republic is ruined, the brigands triumph." They tried to destroy themselves, but only one succeeded, and as ghastly spectacles they were guillo- tined the next day, and Paris awoke to find itself relieved from a horrible nightmare of blood and terror. In the I three years from 1791 to 1794 18,603 persons had been guillotined, besides those shot at Lyons, Toulon, and in Britanny, and those drowned at Nantes. 15. The Directory, 1795— 1799. — The .sur viv ors of the Girondin party became the leaders of the Convention. They opened the prisons, and brought back a sense of rest and safety. A new form of government was decreed, placing the legislative power in two councils, one of _/fz hundred, who were to originate measures, and were all be over thirty years of age ; the other, called the Counci of Elders, of two hundred and fifty members, all over forty years of age, who were to approve or reject the bills sent u-p to them by the Five Hundred. Two-thirds of the members of both Councils were to be men who had sat in the Convention. The executive government was to be given to a Directory of five members. Of the royal family no one remained but the dauphin, a boy of ten, and his sister, a girl of fifteen, two children of Lewis the Sixteenth. 2ed, ' ■five j ' to / ncil ^ | WIKI |
What Are the Ways to Cure Physical Health Problems?
Physical health problems are often a source of anxiety and frustration for people. With many ailments, like allergies, headaches, colds, and other minor illnesses, it can be difficult to determine the cause of the issue.
Even if you have a specific diagnosis, treating the ailment can be challenging, and the results may be temporary. This is especially true for chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease. Luckily, there are several ways to cure physical health problems—some of which are safer and easier than others.
One of the effective ways is using natural remedies. It has been proven that natural remedies are safer, more effective, and less expensive than using medications. However, one of the major hurdles to using natural remedies is that many people are afraid of using natural remedies because they fear adverse effects.
How to Boost Immunity?
Boost immunity is a term used to describe the immune system’s capacity to protect the body from infection and disease. It can be triggered through exercise, diet, sleep, stress management, and other activities.
Boosting the immune system can prevent certain illnesses and lead to better physical and mental health. Boosting immunity can also result in weight loss.
Boosting immunity can also help to cure a variety of physical problems like chronic fatigue, insomnia, headaches, muscle aches, joint pain, skin allergies, and general lethargy. Boosting the immune system can improve athletic performance.
Ways to Maintain Mental Health
Physical and mental well-being are equally vital. If someone has been dealing with a medical condition that has prevented them from getting enough sleep, they should also focus on their mental health.
If they feel anxious, stressed, or depressed, it may be that they are not sleeping enough, but if they suffer from depression, then they should treat their physical health first. Sleep deprivation can cause anxiety and depression. And it can have a huge effect on one’s ability to function, leading to a decreased ability to cope with stress.
Stress and anxiety have been proven to cause and worsen a wide range of health conditions, including heart disease, digestive disorders, infertility, depression and physical problems in men like ED, PE and impotence where filitra 20 mg can be used to cure these problems caused by stress.
Many mental health problems can be treated through self-care. Take up exercise, eat healthy foods, avoid unhealthy ones, drink lots of water, and practice meditation.
mental health problems
Create A Healthy Lifestyle
A healthy lifestyle that is based on exercise and nutrition can play a major role in curing many physical conditions. This is because exercise strengthens muscles, bones, and organs, making it easier for the body to eliminate waste. It also helps in the process of healing injuries and diseases.
The food we eat and the ways we cook and prepare it also affects our health. When we eat too much of any one type of food, we may develop a problem such as obesity or eating disorders.
Also, certain foods have been linked to health conditions, such as diabetes and heart disease. However, there are ways to combat these problems through diet and exercise.
The Importance of Exercise
Physical pain is a common problem. We can easily spend hours trying to fix the problem, but there is another solution to the physical problems.
An exercise is an effective tool that can help to heal the body. The human body is built for activity and exercise. By exercising the body, the body can be kept active and healthy. We need to keep our bodies in good shape and active. There are many types of exercises that can be done to ensure that the body is in good health.
There are two types of exercise that a person can do – cardiovascular (cardio) and resistance (weightlifting). Cardio training involves exercising the heart, lungs, and circulatory system. This type of exercise is essential to promote healthy blood flow and lower blood pressure.
Resistance training involves building muscle. This type of exercise is used for toning, strengthening, and maintaining muscle mass. The important thing to remember when doing any kind of physical activity is to make sure you follow a proper routine.
running
How Can We Cure Common Health Problems?
We can cure common health problems through a combination of education, good nutrition, and exercise. We all know this. But how many of us follow this advice, especially when it comes to our diet?
The first step to getting better is acknowledging that we’re sick. By that I mean we all have illnesses or health problems, whether it’s chronic or acute.
The next step is to realize that our lives are what cause those conditions. If we eat a diet that’s high in sugar and processed foods, or if we don’t get enough sleep and exercise, our bodies are the ones who pay the price.
Most people don’t realize that a majority of their health problems can be attributed to food. Whether it’s junk food, overindulgence, or simply eating too much, unhealthy habits lead to many of our health issues.
In conclusion,
There are various methods to cure physical health problems. One of the major ways is to eat well. This includes not only eating healthily, but also drinking lots of water, which will keep your body hydrated and help you to avoid constipation, headaches, and muscle pains.
Another way to cure physical health problems is to exercise. Exercise helps in relieving stress and anxiety.
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Oklahoma Secretary of Public Safety
The Oklahoma Secretary of Public Safety is a member of the Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet. The Secretary is appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Oklahoma Senate, to serve at the pleasure of the Governor. The Secretary serves as the chief advisor to the Governor on public safety and criminal justice.
The current Secretary-Designate is Tricia Everest who was appointed by Governor Kevin Stitt in 2021 and awaits Senate confirmation, and if confirmed will be the first woman to hold this position.
Overview
The Secretary of Public Safety was established in 1986 to provide greater oversight and coordination to the public safety and criminal justice activities of the State government. The position was established, along with the Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet, by the Executive Branch Reform Act of 1986. The Secretary advises the Governor on public safety policy and advises the state's public safety agencies on new policy as directed by the Governor. The Secretary also provides the overarching management structure for the state's criminal justice agencies in order to deliver improved public services while eliminating redundancies and reducing support costs in order to more effectively and efficiently run the agencies in a unified manner.
The Secretary is responsible for overseeing State police services, criminal investigations, criminal justice and adult criminal corrections. The Secretary also coordinates the State's justice system by overseeing all state prosecutors and generally maintains public order throughout the State through oversight of all State law enforcement agencies. Homeland security, emergency management and law enforcement training are also overseen by the Secretary. The Secretary serves ex officio as the Governor's Representative for Highway Safety. As such, the Secretary is responsible for administering all funds from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration for the purposes of promoting highway safety.
Oklahoma state law allows for Cabinet Secretaries to serve concurrently as the head of a State agency in addition to their duties as a Cabinet Secretary. Historically, the Secretary of Public Safety has also served as the Commissioner of the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety. However, the current Secretary Chip Keating does not share this role, with the position Commissioner currently filled by Rusty Rhoades.
The Secretary, unless filling an additional role which carries a greater salary, is entitled to annual pay of $85,000.
Reporting officials
Officials reporting to the Secretary include:
Budget
The Secretary of Public Safety oversees a budget for Fiscal Year 2020 of $1 billion. The budget authorization is broken down as follows: | WIKI |
NCOA3
(redirected from Nuclear receptor coactivator 3)
Also found in: Wikipedia.
NCOA3
A gene on chromosome 20q12 that encodes a nuclear receptor coactivator, which interacts with nuclear hormone receptors to enhance transcription. NCOA3 has histone acetyltransferase activity and recruits other proteins, forming a multi-unit coactivation complex. It first appears in the cytoplasm but is translocated into the nucleus upon phosphorylation.
References in periodicals archive ?
Seven SNP loci from 5 genes, ESR1, estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2), nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta (PPARGC1B), and related RAS viral (rras) oncogene homolog 2 (RRAS2, alias TC21) with different minor allele frequencies were genotyped (Table 1 and Table 2) by using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) according to manufacturer's instructions (Sequenom MassARRAY platform).
Two of the best-studied of these novel prognostic markers are osteopontin and nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3).
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The differences between halogen, xenon, led and laser headlights
You must’ve noticed by now that, when driving at night, not all headlights look the same. Some are yellowish, some are whitish, and some even shine blue. Moreover, some headlights shine brighter than others. The factors which create the differences between headlights are the age of a car, seeing it as modern cars usually have brighter headlights than their older equivalents, and, most importantly, the technology used to produce light bulbs and lenses. It is exactly different technologies, that is, the headlights which come as a result of their implementation, that are the subject of this article.
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1. Halogen Headlights
A halogen light bulb is made of a glass envelope resistant to high temperatures, a gas which is usually a combination of argon and nitrogen, and a tungsten filament. In order to produce light, a halogen light bulb receives electricity from the car’s battery, warming up to a temperature of 2,500 °C, which is when it starts to glow.
Halogen Headlights
The Pros of Halogen Headlights
Halogen headlights are currently the most popular option in the car industry, and the reasons being their simplicity and good price-quality relationship. A halogen light bulb has a lifetime of around 1.000 hours under normal conditions, and the expense required to replace it is lower compared to the one needed to replace other headlights' light bulbs.
Beside their simplicity and good price-quality relationship, halogen light bulbs are characterized by practical qualities, seeing it as they can be found in different sizes, which makes them convenient for most car models.
The Cons of Halogen Headlights
No matter how popular of a choice halogen headlights tend to be for drivers, more and more car companies use them as a second option. The reasons for this are the following…
The lifetime of a halogen light bulb is usually over once the tungsten evaporates from the filament, piling up on the glass envelope which, as a consequence of that, becomes unfunctional. An even bigger issue is that, while receiving and emitting light, a halogen bulb produces large amounts of heat, which leads to an increased consumption of electrical energy.
The sensitivity of halogen light bulbs presents an additional problem. For example, when replacing them, one is not recommended to touch the quartz glass envelope of the spare light bulb with their bare hands, seeing it as the grease from the fingers gets stuck to it, causing the light bulb to warm up unevenly and shortening its lifespan. Instead, for the purposes of replacing a halogen light bulb, use a clean cloth with which you will hold the glass envelope.
2. Xenon Headlights
The name comes from the fact that light bulbs for these types of headlights are filled with xenon (gas), thanks to which they produce typical-for-them whitish light. Seeing it as electricity is run through this gas, and given there is no filament to warm up and burn up, xenon light bulbs usually last longer than halogen ones.
Cars with xenon headlights have to be equipped with a washing mechanism (sprinkler). This is because occurrences, such as dirt or dust, can disperse the light emitted by xenon headlights, thus blinding other drivers on the road.
Xenon Headlights
The Pros of Xenon Headlights
In addition to the aforementioned fact that xenon headlights last longer than halogen ones (around 2.000 hours under normal conditions), the light they produce is also brighter, which is especially important when it comes to night driving, seeing it as it has a positive effect on your safety. To elaborate, if we take into consideration that, when driving at a speed of 110 to 115 kilometers per hour, you cover a distance of 32 meters per second, you start to realize that the increased visibility xenon headlights provide can mean the difference between hitting the brakes on time and having a car accident.
Not only do xenon headlights shine brighter, but the light they produce is more even compared to the one halogen headlights create, which limits the dispersion of light, thus giving you a “dimmed” view of the road. This can be extremely important if you happen to live in a place with a high frequency of pedestrians and cyclists who can come out in front of you at any given moment, which is why a clear road view can help you notice them on time.
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The Cons of Xenon Headlights
The biggest downside of xenon headlights is their complexity, seeing it as they require more sophisticated and, therefore, more expensive parts than halogen headlights. It further means that their replacement, if they get damaged, costs more.
A lesser concern for the owners of cars with xenon headlights is their washing system which mainly functions automatically and is activated the first time you use the windshield sprinklers or after every few times. This can have the consequence of too much water being splashed onto your windshield, which is something to bear in mind, especially if you are a proud owner of a convertible or if you are passing by pedestrians who are not in need of that kind of “refreshment”.
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It should also be pointed out that xenon headlights need a few seconds to reach full brightness.
3. LED Headlights
The principle on which LED headlights work is not easy to explain, but in a nutshell, the way they function is based on a constant flow of electrons through the semiconductor. LED light bulbs can come in different shapes and can emit light of different color temperatures, which is always expressed in kelvins. They are cold to the touch and don’t contain poisonous elements, such as lead, mercury or cadmium.
LED Headlights
The Pros of LED Headlights
LED headlights are becoming a more and more popular option for cars due to their technology which requires much less energy and works via diodes that emit light. Their light bulbs require lower power than standard halogen light bulbs in order to function, which has them spend as much as 10 times less electrical energy. This is also the reason certain hybrid cars (e.g. Toyota Prius), in which electricity plays a key role, use LED technology, not just for the headlights.
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The other reason LED headlights are taking over the competition is that, thanks to their small dimensions, they can be designed to be of any shape or size. Of course, this, besides making LED headlights compatible with different car models, provides designers with the possibility of being flexible and creative, which contributes to vehicles having a more attractive look.
LED headlights produce brighter light than halogen headlights, and warmer light than xenon headlights. Furthermore, they provide the possibility of automatic adjustment of light levels while driving, such as, for example, the light level for urban driving or the light level for highway driving, which reduces the possibility of blinding the drivers of cars moving in the opposite direction.
The Cons of LED Headlights
Although LED light bulbs don’t emit heat while on, unlike halogen light bulbs, they do produce a certain amount of heat at the bottom of the emitter, when electricity is passing through, which puts adjacent assemblies and cables at risk.
This is also the reason LED headlights require the presence of a cooling system. Unfortunately, the cooling systems are located in the engine bay, which makes maintaining the proper temperature more difficult, and which further makes the implementation of LED headlights in cars more difficult and expensive.
4. Laser Headlights
Laser headlights are a result of a technology in development and they function by using, as the name itself implies, lasers to light up the road. As BMW has explained, its laser system will work via 3 blue lasers positioned at the back side of the headlight assembly, which are directed toward a set of small mirrors that focus their energy on a small lens containing phosphorous gas.
Once in contact with laser beams, this substance creates white light which is directed toward the front side of the headlight assembly. Given the aforementioned information, laser headlights are actually a result of a technology based on creating light via phosphor rather than laser.
Laser Headlights
The Pros of Laser Headlights
A laser headlight can produce light up to 1,000 times stronger than the light produced by LED technology, while only using 2/3 of its power. This is why laser headlights can light up a distance twice as long as the one LED headlights can light up.
Owing to the aforementioned phosphorous gas, the color temperature of a laser headlight is very close to the color temperature of natural daylight. The dimensions of laser headlights are small enough to allow for flexibility during the design process.
The Cons of Laser Headlights
Beside the fact that BMW has pointed out that the technology of laser headlights will be, at least in the initial phase, implemented only on high beams, it will also come at a high price, which does not have to be a problem for drivers who are able to afford cars, such as BMW or Audi.
Laser headlights require cooling, seeing it as they create more heat than their LED equivalents.
Conclusion
As is the case with most things when it comes to the car industry, the selection of headlights for your precious 4-wheeler will depend on numerous factors, such as the car model you drive, your personal preferences and, of course, the budget you have at your disposal.
Note
Prior to deciding upon installing any of the aforementioned types of headlights, make sure you find out everything you need to know about the current laws regarding it, that is, explore the possibility of acquiring attestation for it.
We hope that you’ve found this article useful. For any questions, unknowns, and suggestions you may have, please, feel free to contact us.
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[6-30]Development of Cocaine Hydrolase for Cocaine Addiction Treatment.
报告题目：Development of Cocaine Hydrolase for Cocaine Addiction Treatment.
报 告 人：陈侠斌博士（美国肯塔基大学药学院博士后）
报告时间：2017年6月30日（星期五）15：00
报告地点：独墅湖校区二期云轩楼2301会议室
报告摘要：
Cocaine abuse is a world-wide public health and social problem without a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medication. An ideal anti-cocaine medication would accelerate cocaine metabolism producing biologically inactive metabolites by administration of an efficient cocaine-specific exogenous enzyme. Recent studies have led to discovery of the desirable, highly efficient human cocaine hydrolases (hCocHs) that can efficiently detoxify and inactivate cocaine without affecting normal functions of central nervous system (CNS). Preclinical and clinical data have demonstrated that these hCocHs are safe for use in humans and effective for accelerating cocaine metabolism. However, the actual therapeutic use of a hCocH in cocaine addiction treatment is limited by the short biological half-life (e.g. 8 hours or shorter in rats) of the hCocH. In development of the long-acting hCocHs, we have designed and discovered a novel hCocH form, catalytic antibody analog, which is an Fc-fused hCocH dimer (hCocH-Fc). The hCocH-Fc has not only a high catalytic efficiency against cocaine, but also a considerably longer biological half-life. A single dose of hCocH-Fc was able to accelerate cocaine metabolism in rats even after 20 days and, thus, block cocaine-induced hyperactivity and cocaine self-administration for a long period of time. Currently this enzyme entity is under large-scale protein production in a CRO company.
个人介绍：
Xiabin Chen (陈侠斌) is currently a Postdoc Scholar majoring in drug discovery and protein engineering at College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky. During his tenure (Postdoc and PhD training) at University of Kentucky, he firstly demonstrated the metabolic enzymes of cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine for cocaine overdose, and developed the first long-acting cocaine hydrolase for cocaine addiction. Due to his work in protein drug discovery, he was selected for the 2015 AAPS (American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists) Graduate Student Research Award in Biotechnology, and the 2016 National Award for Outstanding Self-financed Chinese Students Studying Abroad. Before joining University of Kentucky, he received the Bachelar’s degree in Bioscience from Beijing Normal University, and Master’s degres in Medicine from Peking Union Medical College.
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BODE & GRENIER, L.L.P., Plaintiff, v. Carroll L. KNIGHT, et al., Defendants.
Civil Action No. 08-1323 DAR
United States District Court, District of Columbia.
Signed March 25, 2014
Andre M. Gregorian, Randell Charles Ogg, Bode & Grenier, LLP, Washington, DC, for Plaintiff.
Daniel J. Kelly, Giarmarco, Mullins & Horton, PC, Troy, MI, Vaughn W. Royal, Vaughn W. Royal, Attorney at Law, Washington, DC, for Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
DEBORAH A. ROBINSON, United States Magistrate Judge
Plaintiff Bode & Grenier, LLP, a law firm doing business in the District of Columbia, commenced this action against Defendants Carroll Knight, Delta Fuels, Inc., Delta Fuels of Michigan, Inc., and Knight Enterprises, Inc. “for damages arising out of Defendants’ failure to pay Plaintiff for legal services that Plaintiff provided to Defendants.” See Complaint and Jury Demand (Document No. 16). Defendants asserted a counterclaim against Plaintiff, alleging that Plaintiff violated its fiduciary duties by disclosing client confidences in its complaint. Defendants’ Answer to Complaint, Affirmative Defenses, Counterclaim and Jury Demand (Document No. 2) at 8. The court (Roberts, C.J.), ruling on the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment, entered judgment for Plaintiff on Defendants’ counterclaim, and denied Defendants’ motion for summary judgment as to' Plaintiffs claims. Memorandum Opinion and Order (Document No. 64) at 21-22.
Thereafter, Plaintiff filed a First Amended Complaint (Document No. 65) asserting claims against all Defendants for breach of contract (Count I) and quantum meruit /unjust enrichment (Count II); as to Defendant Carroll Knight, for recovery pursuant to a guaranty (Count III) and piercing the corporate veil (Count IV); and for attorneys’ fees as to all Defendants (Count V).
The parties consented to proceed before the undersigned United States Magistrate Judge for all purposes. Notice, Consent, and Reference of a Civil Action to a Magistrate Judge (Document No. 77); Referral to Magistrate Judge (Document No. 76). At the pretrial conference, the court granted Plaintiffs motion to dismiss Counts III and IV of its amended complaint. See Final Pretrial Order (Document No. 93) at 2. Following the pretrial conference, Defendants, in accordance with an order of the court, sought leave to amend their answer in order to assert additional affirmative defenses. The court denied Defendants’ request, Memorandum Opinion and Order (Document No. 97), and trial commenced in accordance with the court’s scheduling order.
After the jury was empaneled, the court granted in part a motion in limine filed by Plaintiff, and Defendants then withdrew their jury demand. 11/13/2012 Minute Entry. Accordingly, the jury was excused and the undersigned conducted a bench trial on Counts I, II, and V, the remaining counts. Id. Plaintiff withdrew Count II of its complaint, id., and the court granted Plaintiffs motion for judgment on Count I, Order (Document No. 108). With respect to Count I, the breach of contract claim, the parties stipulated that the reasonable value of the legal services rendered by Plaintiff for the benefit of Defendants is $70,000. See id. at 1. The parties further stipulated that they would address Count V, the request for attorneys’ fees, in accordance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(d). See id. at 1-2. Accordingly, the court entered judgment against all Defendants in the amount of $70,000. Judgment in a Civil Action (Document No. 109).
In accordance with the parties’ agreement, Plaintiff filed a Motion for Attorneys’ Fees (Document No. Ill) requesting $264,362.69 in fees and costs incurred in this matter, pursuant to a provision in the parties’ contract. Plaintiff subsequently sought leave of the court to reduce its request to $262,507.69, representing that certain billings were “inadvertently repeated” resulting in $1,855 in “overstated” fees. Plaintiffs Motion for Leave to File Amendment/Correction to Plaintiffs Motion for Attorneys’ Fees and Memorandum in Support of Plaintiffs Motion for Attorneys’ Fees (“Motion for Leave to Amend”) (Document No. 113) 'at 1. Upon consideration of the motions, the memoranda in support thereof and opposition thereto, the attached exhibits, and the entire record herein, the undersigned will grant Plaintiffs motion to amend and grant in part Plaintiffs amended motion for attorneys’ fees.
CONTENTIONS OF THE PARTIES
In accordance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(d)(2), Plaintiff moves for “attorneys’ fees and expenses pursuant to the attorneys’ fee and expense provision in the operative Retainer Agreement,” contending that its request is reasonable. Amended Memorandum in Support of Plaintiffs Motion for Attorneys’ Fees (“Plaintiffs Memorandum”) (Document No. 113-2) at 1-2. More specifically, Plaintiff contends that the number of hours billed are based on “detailed, contemporaneous time records maintained by counsel in the ordinary course of business,” and that the hours expended were “necessary to respond to the issues and arguments raised by Defendants and/or necessary to vindicate the rights of Plaintiff.” Id. at 8. With respect to the hourly rates charged, Plaintiff contends that “the billing rates for each [attorney] are accepted within the Laffey matrix as reasonable for similarly experienced and qualified attorneys and paralegals in the District of Columbia.” Id. at 10. With respect to the costs claimed, Plaintiff avers that it “incurred reasonable costs of litigation” and thus seeks the “actual costs” that it expended. Id. at 11.
Defendants, in opposition to Plaintiffs motion, first contend that the parties’ “Promissory Note and [ ] Retention Letter should be read together so as to constitute a single, incorporated contract.” Defendants’ Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiffs Motion for Attorney Fees (“Opposition”) (Document No. 114) at 7. Defendants thus contend that the court should apply Michigan law in evaluating the fee request, pursuant to a choice-of-law provision in the Promissory Note, and should “cap” the fee award at $45,000 pursuant to a provision in the Promissory Note limiting attorneys’ fees to 15 percent of the sum of the note. Id. at 11-12. With respect to the hours billed, Defendants, relying on Michigan law, submit that the court cannot award fees for hours incurred by Plaintiff while it was representing itself in this matter, and must thus limit the fee award to hours billed by attorney Randell Ogg. Id. at 12-14. In the alternative, if the court does not deny the hours billed by Plaintiff, Defendants submit that Plaintiff cannot recover fees for defending against the counterclaim because “it does not arise out of, or relate to, the underlying contract.” Id. at 14. Finally, Defendants request that the court deny the fees billed by attorney Mark Leventhal, contending that “the time that [he] spent on specific tasks was excessive and unreasonable.” Id. at 17.
Plaintiff submits that the relevant contract is solely the Retainer Agreement, also referred to as the Retention Letter, and that the Promissory Note’s provisions are not applicable because the two documents are not incorporated. Plaintiffs Reply to Defendants’ Opposition to Motion for Attorneys’ Fees (“Reply”) (Document No. 115) at 7-10. Plaintiff maintains that District of Columbia law governs this matter, relying on choice-of-law analysis and the previous proceedings in this matter. Id. at 2-7. Plaintiff thus avers that under District of Columbia law, it is entitled to fees that it incurred while representing itself. Id. at 10-11. Plaintiff further avers that it can recover fees associated with litigating the counterclaim because it was “related to a defense in the contract claim which had to be overcome.” Id. at 12. With respect to the fees billed by Mr. Leventhal, Plaintiff contends that Defendants failed to “identify specific time entries which they believe are excessive or unreasonable,” id. at 14, and further contends that “[a] fair analysis of the time expended shows [it] was reasonable .under the circumstances,” id. at 15. Finally, Plaintiff seeks an additional $14,155 for the attorneys’ fees that it incurred while preparing its reply brief. Id. at 2, 22.
APPLICABLE STANDARD
While the general rule in our judicial system is that a “prevailing litigant is ordinarily not entitled to collect a reasonable attorneys’ fee” from the opposing party, this rule can “be overcome by an enforceable contract allocating attorney’s fees.” Travelers Cas. & Sur. Co. of Am. v. Pac. Gas & Elec. Co., 549 U.S. 443, 448, 127 S.Ct. 1199, 167 L.Ed.2d 178 (2007) (citations omitted) (internal quotation marks omitted). Rule 54 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure requires, “[u]n-less a statute or a court order' provides otherwise,” that a motion for attorneys’ fees must “be filed no later than 14 days after the entry of judgment,” “specify the judgment and the statute, rule, or other grounds entitling the movant to the award,” “state the amount sought or provide a fair estimate of it,” and “disclose, if the court so orders, the terms of any agreement about fees for the services for which the claim is made.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(d)(2)(B).
“The most useful starting point for determining the amount of a reasonable fee is the number of hours'reasonably expended on the litigation multiplied by a reasonable hourly rate.” Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 433, 103 S.Ct. 1933, 76 L.Ed.2d 40 (1983). “[The] fee applicant bears the burden of establishing entitlement to an award, documenting the appropriate hours, and justifying the reasonableness of the rates[.]” Covington v. Dist. of Columbia, 57 F.3d 1101, 1107 (D.C.Cir.1995) (citations omitted). “[A] fee applicant’s burden in establishing a reasonable hourly rate entails a showing of at least three elements: the attorneys’ billing practices; the attorneys’ skill, experience, and reputation; and the prevailing market rates in the relevant community.” Id. (citation omitted). With respect to the prevailing market rates for “complex federal litigation,” courts in this Circuit often utilize the Laffey matrix, “a schedule of charges based on years of experience developed in Laffey v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 572 F.Supp. 354 (D.D.C.1983), rev’d on other grounds, 746 F.2d 4 (D.C.Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1021, 105 S.Ct. 3488, 87 L.Ed.2d 622 [ ] (1985).” Id. at 1105 (footnote omitted); see Harvey v. Mohammed, 951 F.Supp.2d 47, 54 (D.D.C.2013).
In order to satisfy its burden concerning the number of hours, the party requesting fees must submit “sufficiently detailed information about the hours logged and the work done that permits the district court to make an independent determination whether or not the hours claimed are justified.” Carmel & Carmel PC v. Dellis Constr., Ltd., 858 F.Supp.2d 43, 47 (D.D.C.2012) (citation omitted) (quoting Nat’l Ass’n of Concerned Veterans v. Sec’y of Def., 675 F.2d 1319, 1327 (D.C.Cir.1982)) (internal quotation marks omitted). In addition to attorneys’ fees, other litigation expenses “may also be included in the award if such expenses are routinely billed by the attorney to his or her client.” Id. (citation omitted).
DISCUSSION
Motion for leave to amend
Shortly after filing its motion for attorneys’ fees in this matter, Plaintiff filed a motion for leave to amend, seeking to “amend and/or correct the amount of attorney fees sought in its Motion for Attorneys’ Fees [ ].” Motion for Leave to Amend at 1. Plaintiff represents that “[t]he billings for the month of February 2012 were inadvertently repeated,” which “overstated the total fees by $1,855 (5.3 hours).” Id. To remedy this error, Plaintiff requests that it be granted leave to reduce its fee request from $264,362.69 to $262,507.69. Defendants acknowledge this request in their opposition, see Opposition at 1 n.l, but did not respond to Plaintiffs motion for leave to amend. Accordingly, the court will grant Plaintiffs motion as unopposed, will deny Plaintiffs original motion for attorneys’ fees as moot, and will consider Plaintiffs amended motion for attorneys’ fees in evaluating Plaintiffs fee request.
Law governing motion for attorneys’ fees
Plaintiff and Defendant Carroll Knight executed a Retention Letter, dated August 7, 2007, which set forth the terms of Plaintiffs representation of Defendants, and provided that “[Defendants] will also be responsible for [Plaintiffs] costs of collecting any fees due and owing, including reasonable- attorney fees and expenses, as well as interest from the date of commencement of any legal action to collect the balance.” Declaration of William H. Bode in Support of Plaintiff[’s] Motion for Attorneys’ Fees (“Bode Declaration”), Exhibit 1 (Document No. 113-4). Plaintiff requests attorneys’ fees pursuant to this contractual provision. See Amended Plaintiffs Motion for Attorneys’ Fees at 1; Plaintiffs Memorandum at 1. Defendants aver that the terms of a Promissory Note, executed by the parties on the same day, also govern this matter because both documents constitute the parties’ contract. Opposition at 7. More specifically, Defendants submit that a choice-of-law provision in the Promissory Note requires that this court apply Michigan law to Plaintiff’s fee request, and that an attorneys’ fee' provision in the Promissory Note limits the amount of any fee award. Opposition at 11; see Opposition, Exhibit 2 (Document No. 114-2) at 1-2.
“Under general contract law, the plain and unambiguous meaning of an instrument is controlling, and the Court determines the intention of the parties from the language used by the parties to express their agreement.” Wash. Metro. Area Transit Auth. v. Mergentime Corp., 626 F.2d 959, 961 (D.C.Cir.1980) (citations omitted); see also Tower Ins. Co. of New York v. Davis/Gilford, No. 13-0781, 967 F.Supp.2d 72, 79-80, 2013 WL 4776049, at *5 (D.D.C. Sept. 6, 2013) (quoting Aziken v. Dist. of Columbia, 70 A.3d 213, 218-19 (D.C.2013)) (“In determining the meaning of contractual provisions, ‘the written language embodying the terms of an agreement will govern the rights and liabilities of the parties regardless of the intent of the parties at the time they entered into ’ the contract, unless the written language is not susceptible of a clear and definite meaning.’ ”). “It is a general rule that reference in a contract to extraneous writings renders them part of the agreement for indicated purposes[.]” Md.-Nat’l Capital Park & Planning Comm’n v. Lynn, 514 F.2d 829, 833 (D.C.Cir.1975) (citations omitted); see also Guerini Stone Co. v. P.J. Carlin Constr. Co., 240 U.S. 264, 277, 36 S.Ct. 300, 60 L.Ed. 636 (1916) (citations omitted) (“[I]n the case of subcontracts, as in other cases of express agreements in writing, a reference by the contracting parties to an extraneous writing for a particular purpose makes it a part of their agreement only for the purpose specified.”); Kutler v. Carlin, 139 F.3d 237, 246 (D.C.Cir.1998) (citing Mergentime Corp., 626 F.2d at 962 n. 3).
After setting forth the terms of representation, the Retention Letter indicates that:
Notwithstanding the above, at the end of July 2007, this firm is owed the amount of $446,566 for legal services previously rendered in this matter. You have agreed 'to execute a Promissory Note in the amount of $300,000, payable in nine months, as a partial payment against this amount, and also to pay $20,000 per month for the next eight months as further partial payments of fees owed. One-half of these monthly payments will be applied to the outstanding balance.
Bode Declaration, Exhibit 1 at 2. Although the Retention Letter does reference the Promissory Note, the undersigned finds that it does so for the limited purpose of explaining the payment schedule for “legal services previously rendered” and amounts already owed, as opposed to incorporating the document into the terms applicable to legal fees incurred in the future. The reference to the Promissory Note in the Retention Letter is prefaced by the phrase “[n]otwithstanding the above.” In contrast, in Tower Insurance Co. of New York v. Davis/Gilford, the court determined that it could “discern no other meaning or effect of th[e] language but to include the Subcontract’s terms as provisions of the Performance Bond in their entirety,” where the bond stated that the subcontract “is hereby referred to and made a part” of it. 967 F.Supp.2d at 80, 2013 WL 4776049, at *5 (internal quotation marks omitted). The court distinguished the circumstances from another case, see id., in which the Court of Appeals affirmed the district court’s finding that the terms of a subcontract could “most reasonably be read to incorporate the prime contract ... only in matters relating to work specifications and performance” where the references to the contract included language such as “insofar as they apply” and “insofar as they relate,” Wash. Metro. Area Transit Auth. ex rel. Noralco Corp. v. Norair Eng’g Corp., 553 F.2d 233, 235 (D.C.Cir.1977).
The cases relied upon by Defendants for the proposition that the documents should be construed as a single contract, see Opposition at 7-8, are distinguishable from the present circumstances. Unlike the situation in Vicki Bagley Realty, Inc. v. Laufer, where the court noted that the two documents “specifically referred to the lease as an attachment or addendum to the sales contract,” 482 A.2d 359, 366 (D.C.1984), the Promissory Note makes no mention of the Retention Letter, and while the Retention Letter mentions the Promissory Note, it does not explicitly indicate that it is an addendum to its own terms. In Trans-Bay Engineers & Builders, Inc. v. Hills, the three documents were “contemporaneously executed as part of one complete package” for “a single [construction] project.” 551 F.2d 370, 379 (D.C.Cir.1976). In this case, although the documents were executed on the same day, they address separate fees — fees already owed and fees to be incurred.
Although Defendants rely on other communications by the parties to “highlight the fact that both documents were intended to be incorporated together,” see Opposition at 9-10, the court bases its finding on the unambiguous language used by the parties to set forth the terms of their agreement. Notably, the plain language of the two provisions of the Promissory Note invoked by Defendants expressly limit their applicability to the Promissory Note. The attorneys’ fee provision provides that “[i]n the event of any default in the payment of this Note .... Such attorneys’ fees shall not exceed fifteen [ ] percent of the principal sum of this Note.” Opposition, Exhibit 2 at 1 (emphasis added). Similarly, the choice-of-law provision provides that “[t]his note shall be governed by the law of the State of Michigan.” Id. at 2 (emphasis added). Moreover, if the parties intended to. incorporate the Promissory Note into the Retention Letter, it is unclear why the two documents establish 'different terms for the collection of attorneys’ fees. Compare Bode Declaration, Exhibit 1 at 2, with Opposition, Exhibit 2 at 1.
Finally, while the court bases its conclusion on the plain language of the documents at issue, it notes that the record of this matter, which has been pending since 2008, also undermines Defendants’ contention. Defendants did not contend that this matter was not properly before the court due to the Promissory Note’s choice-of-law provision, which provides that claims “shall be brought in a court sitting in the State of Michigan without exception.” See Opposition, Exhibit 2 at 2. Although Defendants attempted to argue that a separate proceeding brought by Plaintiff in Michigan state court with respect to the Promissory Note barred the instant litigation through the doctrine of res judicata, the court disagreed. See Memorandum Opinion and Order (Document No. 64) at 11. When ruling on Defendants’ counterclaim, the court applied District of Columbia law after noting that “[t]he parties both assert that the counterclaim is governed by the law of the District of Columbia.” Id. at 12 n.4. In setting forth its statement of the case shortly before trial, Defendants averred that “[t]his is an action to recover unpaid legal fees pursuant to a Retention Letter entered into by the parties in August of 2007.” Defendants’ Amended Pretrial Statement (Document No. 92) at 2 (emphasis added). Defendants requested a jury trial, which the court granted in part, see Memorandum Order (Document No. 99), despite the stipulation in the Promissory Note that “[t]he parties agree to waive jury trial should suit be filed after default,” see Opposition, Exhibit 2 at 2.
Because the terms of the Retention Letter and the Promissory Note make clear that the two documents were not incorporated to constitute a single contract between the parties, the court finds that the provisions of the Promissory Note are not applicable to the instant request for attorneys’ fees. Accordingly, Defendants’ requests that the choice-of-law provision -be applied, and that the fee award be limited to $45,000, are both denied..
Defendants raise an alternative argument — that Michigan law should apply “since the documents were signed in the state of Michigan ... ” — but offer no authority in support of this contention. See Opposition at 7. Defendants do not explain why this court should, after multiple years of litigation, apply Michigan law. Accordingly, the court will continue to apply District of Columbia law in construing the contractual provisions.
Fees incurred by Plaintiff while representing itself
Defendants, relying on Michigan case law following the Supreme Court’s decision in Kay v. Ehrler, 499 U.S. 432, 111 S.Ct. 1435, 113 L.Ed.2d 486 (1991), contend that “[u]nder Michigan law, attorney fees incurred by Bode and Grenier while representing itself are unrecoverable.” Opposition at 14. Having rejected Defendants’ contention that the court should apply Michigan law, the court must also reject this argument.
Moreover, Defendants fail to address the distinction between awarding fees pursuant to an agreed-upon contractual provision, such is the case here, and awarding fees pursuant to fee-shifting provisions in statutes or court rules, as were the circumstances in the cited authority. See Kay, 499 U.S. at 433-38, 111 S.Ct. 1435 (considering the statutory text and legislative history in affirming the denial of an attorney’s request for fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988); Omdahl v. W. Iron Cnty. Bd. of Educ., 478 Mich. 423, 733 N.W.2d 380 (2007) (considering whether an attorney proceeding pro se was entitled to fees under a state statute); FMB-First Nat’l Bank v. Bailey, 232 Mich.App. 711, 591 N.W.2d 676, 680-84 (1998) (reviewing fees awarded pursuant to a court rule regarding sanctions); Watkins v. Manchester, 220 Mich.App. 337, 559 N.W.2d 81, 84-86 (1996) (reviewing fees awarded pursuant to a “mediation sanction rule”). Where the court “is faced with a question of contract interpretation, not statutory interpretation ... the central question is not what Congress intended, but what the parties intended.” Wilcox v. Sisson, No. 02-1455, 2006 WL 1443981, at *12 (D.D.C. May 25, 2006). Here, Defendants point to no language in the parties’ contract which suggests that the parties intended to preclude fees incurred by Plaintiff while representing itself; nor has the court located any such language.
For these reasons, the court will not preclude fees incurred “from July 31, 2008, the date the Complaint was filed, until ■January 31, 2012, the date when [attorney Randell Ogg] first appeared in the case.... ” See Opposition at 14.
Fees incurred while litigating counterclaim
In response to Plaintiffs initial complaint, Defendants brought a counterclaim alleging breach of fiduciary duty and seeking disgorgement or forfeiture of all legal fees paid by Defendants to Plaintiff, due to disclosures made by Plaintiff in its complaint. See Defendants’ Answer to Complaint, Affirmative Defenses, Counterclaim and Jury Demand (“Answer”) (Document No. 2) at 8-9. Defendants contend that they are “entitled to a reduction in fees in the amount of $33,605.00” for fees incurred by Plaintiff while defending against this counterclaim because it “does not arise out of, or relate to, the underlying contract.” Opposition at 14,16.
The attorneys’ fee provision in the Retention Letter broadly states that “[y]ou will also be responsible for our costs of collecting any fees due and owing, including reasonable attorney fees and expenses .... ” Bode Declaration, Exhibit 1 at 2. Answer at 9; see Memorandum Opinion and Order (Document No. 64) at 12-21. Because the relief requested affected fees already paid, Plaintiff, in defending against the counterclaim, did not incur “costs of collecting any fees due and owing.” See Bode Declaration, Exhibit 1 at 2; see also Nest & Totah Venture, LLC v. Deutsch, 31 A.3d 1211, 1229 (D.C.2011) (citation omitted) (noting that the court “must examine ‘any relevant contractual language [that] is required to determine the scope of any claimed fee-shifting provision’ ”).
However, as Plaintiff observes, see Reply at 11-12, Defendants also alleged breach of fiduciary duty, based on the same underlying conduct, as an affirmative defense, see Answer at 7; Defendants’ Answer to First Amended Complaint, Affirmative Defenses, and Jury Demand (Document No. 68) at'9. In this context, Defendants submitted that “Plaintiff is barred from relief by the virtue of its breaches of fiduciary duty to Defendants including, without limitation, unwarranted disclosure of confidences, secrets and privileged communications in the Complaint .... ” Id. Thus, in responding to Defendants’ contention that it breached its fiduciary duty, Plaintiff did incur “costs of collecting any fees due and owing” since the defense, if successful, would have affected Plaintiffs right to relief for outstanding fees. Cf. Ambac Assur. Corp. v. Adelanto Pub. Util. Auth., No. 09-5087, 2013 WL 4615404, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 29, 2013) (considering a request for fees pursuant to a contractual agreement under New York law and finding that because the defendant’s counterclaims “over-laptped]” with its affirmative defenses, “[w]ork done to defend against the counterclaim was the same work done to respond to the affirmative defenses” and thus, the plaintiff “should be reimbursed for the attorney’s fees incurred in defending against the [defendant’s] counterclaim”); see also Singer v. Shannon & Luchs Co., 670 F.Supp. 1024, 1028 (D.D.C.1987) (citations omitted) (observing that “[i]n interpreting similar provisions, other courts have held that where a fee applicant recovers on a claim subject to a contractual attorney’s fee provision and in the process litigates a counterclaim on which he must prevail in order to recover on his claim, then the fee applicant is entitled to his attorney’s fees for both the claim and the counterclaim”).
Therefore, the court will not reduce the fee award by eliminating the hours billed for defending against Defendants’ counterclaim.
Reasonableness of fee request
Plaintiff seeks $256,663.75 in attorneys’' fees for 987.4 hours spent, and $5,843.94 for costs incurred during this litigation. Plaintiffs Memorandum at 8, 11. Plaintiff also seeks $14,155 in fees for 52 hours spent preparing its reply brief in support of its motion for fees. Reply at 22. The Retention Letter does not stipulate an hourly rate, number of hours, or means of calculation of attorneys’ fees; rather, it provides that Defendants will be responsible for “reasonable attorney fees and expenses.... ” See Bode Declaration, Exhibit 1. In the absence of a contractual provision, the court will apply the law of this Circuit in reviewing the reasonableness of Plaintiffs request. See Carmel & Carmel PC v. Dellis Constr., Ltd., 858 F.Supp.2d 43 (D.D.C.2012) (applying the law of this Circuit in evaluating the reasonableness of a request for attorneys’ fees pursuant to an escrow agreement); Ghadersohi v. Health Research, Inc., No. 08-355S, 2011 WL 5040668, at *4-5 (W.D.N.Y. Oct. 21, 2011) (noting that in a case concerning a contractual right to attorneys’ fees, “a federal court will enforce that contractual right so long as the contract is valid under state law,” but applying precedent from the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in assessing the “calculation method” for the fees).
In support of its request, Plaintiff submits affidavits and invoices detailing the experience of each attorney, the hours spent on each activity, and the costs incurred. See Amended Declaration of Randell Ogg in Support of Plaintiff[’s] Motion for Attorneys’ Fees (“Ogg Declaration”) (Document No. 113-3); Ogg Declaration, Exhibits 1 & 2; Bode Declaration; Bode Declaration, Exhibit 3; Supplemental Declaration of William H. Bode (“Supplemental Bode Declaration”) (Document No. 115-1), Exhibit D; Supplemental Declaration of Randell Ogg in Support of Plaintiff[’] Motion for Attorneys’ Fees (“Supplemental Ogg Declaration”) (Document No. 115-2), Exhibit 1. Plaintiff also sets forth the rate for each attorney that billed in this matter, and submits that each rate is “accepted within the Laffey matrix as reasonable for similarly experienced and qualified attorneys and paralegals in the District of Columbia.” Plaintiffs Memorandum at 10.
Defendants do not object to the rates charged. See Opposition at 16. With respect to the hours billed, however, Defendants object to the hours billed by attorney Mark Leventhal. See id. Although it was not addressed by Defendants, since it was raised in Plaintiffs reply brief, the court will also evaluate Plaintiffs request for additional fees incurred while preparing its reply brief.
Hours billed by attorney Mark Leventhal
Defendants request that the court reduce Plaintiffs fee award by $100,787.50, the amount incurred by Mr. Leventhal, contending that “the time that [he] spent on specific tasks was excessive and unreasonable,” in light of “the work performed by the other attorney[s] on the same projects while working on the case.” Opposition at 17.
Defendants’ characterization of Mr. Leventhal’s billing as “egregious,” see id.,' is unpersuasive. The comparisons between hours billed by Mr. Leventhal and hours billed by other attorneys in this matter do not provide a sufficient basis for the court to deny Mr. Leventhal’s fees, given that he was one of the primary associates working on this matter for Plaintiff during the relevant time period. Bode Declaration ¶ 25; Supplemental Bode Declaration ¶ 8; cf. Adolph Coors Co. v. Truck Ins. Exch., 383 F.Supp.2d 93, 97 (D.D.C.2005) (opining that a “partner should be performing supervisory work and should not need to expend almost half of the time spent by an associate on a particular matter”).
Additionally, Defendants do not assert the basis for their objections to the number of hours Mr. Leventhal spent on certain activities. See Opposition at 17. In the one case relied on by Defendants, the Court of Appeals denied the fees billed by one of the. attorneys after noting that she “submitted outrageously excessive time entries” for tasks such as completing a notice of appearance, drafting “relatively brief letters,” drafting a “boilerplate memorandum” without “citations to or discussion of the [most relevant] legal authorities,” and conferring with counsel. See Envtl. Def. Fund, Inc. v. Reilly, 1 F.3d 1254, 1259-60 (D.C.Cir.1993). In contrast, Defendants take issue with time spent on more substantive activities such as objections to the undersigned’s Report and Recommendations on the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment, opposition to Defendants’ previous motion to limit attorneys’ fees, and its pretrial statement. See Opposition at 17. Defendants summarily conclude that the time spent “was excessive and unreasonable” without offering any basis, such as the length or scope of the filings or the issues presented therein, from which the court could conclude that the hours billed are unreasonable, particularly since Plaintiff was successful at the summary judgment stage of litigation and at trial. See Memorandum Opinion and Order (Document No. 64) (denying Defendants’ motion for summary judgment as to Plaintiffs claims, and granting Plaintiffs motion for summary judgment as to Defendants’ counterclaim); Order (Document No. 108) (granting Plaintiffs motion for judgment).
Plaintiff has provided “sufficiently detailed information about the hours logged and the work done” by Mr. Leventhal such that the court can “make an independent determination whether or not the hours claimed are justified.” See Carmel & Carmel, 858 F.Supp.2d at 47 (quoting Nat’l Ass’n of Concerned Veterans v. Sec’y of Def., 675 F.2d 1319, 1327 (D.C.Cir.1982)); see also Bode Declaration ¶ 25; Bode Declaration, Exhibit 3. Accordingly, the court will award fees for the hours billed by Mr. Leventhal.
Hours billed for preparing reply brief
Plaintiff seeks an additional $14,155 in fees for 52 hours spent preparing its reply brief in support of its motion for fees. Reply at 22; Supplemental Bode Declaration, Exhibit D; Supplemental Ogg Declaration, Exhibit 1.
Many of the points and authorities raised in Plaintiffs reply brief, albeit not all, were previously raised in Plaintiffs opposition to Defendants’ motion to limit the fee award. Compare Reply, with Plaintiffs Opposition to Defendants’ Motion to Limit Attorney Fee Award (Document No. 80). See Reply at 1 (“Defendants have reiterated their previous Motion to Limit Attorneys’ Fees [] which, as Plaintiff has previously argued, misstated the facts and law [].”). Plaintiff billed for approximately 70 hours of work on its opposition. See Ogg Declaration, Exhibit 1; Bode Declaration, Exhibit 3. The court thus finds that the additional 52 hours billed for the reply is unreasonable given the overlap between the submissions. Recognizing that Plaintiffs attorneys undertook necessary work to update the memorandum and corresponding exhibits, the court will not deny the entire $14,155 amount. Instead, the court will exercise its discretion and reduce the requested amount by 50 percent. See Carmel & Carmel, 858 F.Supp.2d at 47 (“If a court determines that duplication or waste of effort has occurred, it has the discretion to simply reduce the proposed fee by a reasonable amount without an item-by-item accounting.”); see also id. at 50-51 (reducing fees associated with an opposition and a fee application after finding that the number of hours billed for the work in question were “excessive” and “unreasonable”); David v. Dist. of Columbia, 489 F.Supp.2d 45, 51 (D.D.C.2007) (reducing the requested attorneys’ fee award by a percentage in light of the plaintiffs level of success and “in lieu of a line-by line analysis of each entry in Plaintiffs counsel’s billing records”), adopted by 674 F.Supp.2d 34 (D.D.C.2009).
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, it is, this 25th day of March, 2014,
ORDERED that Plaintiffs Motion for Leave to File Amendment/Correction to Plaintiffs Motion for Attorneys’ Fees (Document No. 113) is GRANTED, and accordingly, Plaintiffs Motion for Attorneys’ Fees (Document No. Ill) is DENIED AS MOOT; and it is
FURTHER ORDERED that the Amended Plaintiffs Motion for Attorneys’ Fees (Document No. 113-1) is GRANTED IN PART, and that Plaintiff is awarded $269,585.19 in attorneys’ fees and costs.
THIS IS A FINAL APPEALABLE ORDER.
. Plaintiff also raises several arguments concerning its contention that "Defendants ran up the expense and cost of this litigation....” Plaintiffs Memorandum at 3-6. The under-
. The Civil Division of the United States Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia updates and maintains a Laffey matrix, available at http://www.justice.gov/usao/dc/ divisions/Laffey_Matrix2 014 .pdf.
. Following the Kay decision, this Circuit observed that "[t]he Supreme Court has made clear ... that the exception to fees statutes for individual litigants who represent themselves does not extend to organizational litigants such as [the plaintiff law firm].” Baker & Hostetler LLP v. U.S. Dep’t of Commerce, 473 F.3d 312, 326 (D.C.Cir.2006) (concluding that a law firm that “represented itself in [FOIA] litigation” was eligible for attorneys’ fees); see also Pub. Emps. for Envtl. Responsibility v. U.S. Int’l Boundary & Water Comm’n, No. 10-00019, 968 F.Supp.2d 85, 87, 2013 WL 4830915, at *1 (D.D.C. Sept. 11, 2013) (citing Baker, 473 F.3d at 324-26) ("[A]n organization cannot be a pro see [sic] litigant because it is always represented by counsel, be it in-house or other.”); Embassy of Fed. Republic of Nigeria v. Ugwuonye, 901 F.Supp.2d 92, 97 (D.D.C.2012) (citing Rowland v. Ca. Men’s Colony, 506 U.S. 194, 201-02, 113 S.Ct. 716, 121 L.Ed.2d 656 (1993) for the proposition that ”[i]t has been the law for the better part of two centuries ... that a corporation may appear in the federal courts only through licensed counsel.”). until after disposition of Plaintiff's motion for attorneys’ fees.
. In addition, the attention of counsel is directed to the court’s November 29, 2012 minute order, by which the court granted the parties' joint motion for an extension of time to appeal the court’s November 20, 2012 judgment in favor of Plaintiff as to Count I
| CASELAW |
Selected Session
Workshop: Drupal and Gatsby, the great workflow
Speaker(s)
David Corbacho Roman, Mario Vercellotti, Milan Toncic, Senad Maljici
Proposed Track(s)
Development
Level of expertise
Intermediate
Session Type
Extended (2h)
Day
Thursday
Time Slot
-
This session will cover why and how to fully decouple Drupal with Gatsby, an open source modern frontend framework that will empower frontend developers to build incredibly fast and interactive websites using React and GraphQL, without losing key benefits that Drupal provides like content modeling.
Gatsby, as a generator, provides a very flexible architecture that can adapt to multiple data sources. After fetching all the data needed, it will generate the most performant React site possible with built-in optimized Webpack configurations, server-side-rendered content, accessible Reach router, smart image loading techniques, etc.
Gatsby simplicity can be deceptive and make you believe that is meant for small static markdown brochure sites. But the truth is that Gatsby is only limited by the quality of the data that it pulls. We want to highlight in this session how Drupal is the perfect companion to feed data to Gatsby. Drupal can provide Gatsby the best-in-class structured data, taxonomies, i18n path aliases and multilingual content via the JSON API module.
But it’s not all unicorns and rainbows. After covering the basics, we will go through the hard parts: the gaps in this decoupled architecture that we, at Wunder, have found. And the solutions we developed for our customers and content editors, for example, to alleviate the inherited publishing delay that this new workflow suffers or providing search functionality with Elastic Search.
Join us if you want to discover the ins and outs of how Drupal and Gatsby ecosystem complement each other | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Mark Wrathall
Mark Wrathall (born 1965) is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford and a fellow and tutor at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He is considered a leading interpreter of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. Wrathall is featured in Tao Ruspoli's film Being in the World. According to a reviewer, "Wrathall's writing is clear and comprehensive, ranging across virtually all of Heidegger's collected works.... Wrathall's overall interpretation of Heidegger's work is crystal clear, compelling, and relevant."
Education and career
Mark Wrathall received a BA in philosophy at Brigham Young University in 1988. In 1991, he received both a Juris Doctor from Harvard and an MA in philosophy from Boston College. After clerking for Judge Cecil F. Poole at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, he pursued a Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of California at Berkeley, graduating in 1996, where he was a student of the Heidegger scholar Hubert Dreyfus. From 1994 to 1996 he was a teaching fellow at Stanford Law School. He taught at Brigham Young University from 1996 to 2006 (first in the political science department, then from 1999 in the philosophy department). From 2006 to 2017, he was a professor at the University of California, Riverside.
Philosophical work
Wrathall's main interests include phenomenology, existentialism, the phenomenology of religion, and the philosophy of law, but he is best known for his work on Martin Heidegger.
Wrathall has also contributed to the philosophy of popular culture, editing a book on the philosophical themes found in the music of U2 and publishing essays on film and philosophy. Wrathall's work on popular culture intersects with his interests in religion. He draws on Heidegger, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche to describe how secularism and technology undermine belief in objective eternal meanings and values. But Wrathall thinks nihilism also "opens up access to richer and more relevant ways for us to understand creation and for us to encounter the divine and the sacred."
Books
* 2000 Heidegger, Coping and Cognitive Science (MIT Press) - editor with Jeff Malpas
* 2000 Heidegger, Authenticity and Modernity (MIT Press) - editor with Jeff Malpas
* 2000 Appropriating Heidegger (Cambridge University Press) - editor with James E. Faulconer
* 2002 Heidegger Reexamined (Routledge) - editor with Hubert Dreyfus
* 2003 Religion After Metaphysics (Cambridge University Press) - editor
* 2005 How to Read Heidegger (Granta; W. W. Norton)
* 2005 A Companion to Heidegger - editor with Hubert Dreyfus
* 2006 U2 and Philosophy (Open Court) - editor
* 2006 A Companion to Phenomenology and Existentialism - editor with Hubert Dreyfus
* 2008 U2 ea Filosofia (Madras) - editor
* 2009 Die Philosophie bei U2 (Wiley-VCH) - editor
* 2010 Heidegger and Unconcealment: Truth, Language, History (Cambridge University Press)
* 2013 The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger's Being and Time (Cambridge University Press) - editor
* 2020 Alma 30 - 63: a brief theological introduction (Maxwell Institute)
* 2020 The Cambridge Heidegger Lexicon (Cambridge University Press) - editor | WIKI |
Page:The Siege of Valencia.pdf/107
Rh
Alas! the baleful air Wherewith the pestilence in darkness walks Thro' the devoted city, like a blight Amidst the rose-tints of thy cheek hath fall'n, And wrought an early withering!—Thou hast cross'd The paths of Death, and minister'd to those O'er whom his shadow rested, till thine eye Hath changed its glancing sunbeam for a still, Deep, solemn radiance, and thy brow hath caught A wild and high expression, which at times Fades unto desolate calmness, most unlike What youth's bright mien should wear. My gentle child! I look on thee in fear!
Thou hast no cause To fear for me. When the wild clash of steel, And the deep tambour, and the heavy step Of armed men, break on our morning dreams; When, hour by hour, the noble and the brave Are falling round us, and we deem it much To give them funeral-rites, and call them blest If the good sword, in its own stormy hour, Hath done its work upon them, ere disease | WIKI |
J&J recalls children's Benadryl and Motrin
TEL AVIV (MarketWatch) -- Johnson & Johnson, the New Brunswick, N.J., health-care giant, said it was recalling its children's-strength Benadryl and Motrin products because of manufacturing problems. But J&J also said in statements posted on its McNeil subsidiary's website that the products are safe for consumers to use. J&J is pulling back 4 million packages of Children's Benadryl Allergy FastMelt tablets, in cherry and grape flavors, distributed in the U.S., Barbados, Belize, Canada, Puerto Rico, St. Martin and St. Thomas; and 800,000 bottles of Junior Strength Motrin caplets, 24 count, distributed in the U.S., Tuesday media reports say. Manufacturing problems have led J&J to launch half a dozen recalls of over-the-counter medicines, contact lenses and hip-replacement parts, The Wall Street Journal reported. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Mobile - - By Nick Randolph
We’re running a challenge wherein you can Win a Nokia Windows Phone. The rules of said competition are detailed in the aforelinked post. There will be many more questions over the coming weeks, here is Question 1.
Question 1
Silverlight for Windows Phone has a similar navigation model to Silverlight for the desktop where you have a frame which hosts a series of pages. Unlike on the desktop, where you may have content outside the frame (for example header, footer or perhaps a navigation menu), in most phone applications the frame takes up the entire screen, and subsequently the pages that render within the frame also take up the entire screen. To navigate between pages you can either call the Navigate method on either the frame, or via the NavigationService that is exposed as a property on each page within a Windows Phone application. For example, the following navigates to SecondPage.xaml
this.NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("/SecondPage.xaml", UriKind.Relative));
In addition to being able to navigate forward to a new page, there are many more navigation APIs available to your Windows Phone application. List a navigation API and provide a short example of how you might use it within your application?
Sponsors | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Why is button press req for Layer Solo? not others
• THE POST BELOW IS MORE THAN 5 YEARS OLD. RELATED SUPPORT INFORMATION MIGHT BE OUTDATED OR DEPRECATED
On 11/03/2012 at 01:19, xxxxxxxx wrote:
All other Layer icons can be toggled (with effect) except for Solo
why does it need the added Button click simulation
import c4d
from c4d import *
def main() :
doc = c4d.documents.GetActiveDocument()
root = doc.GetLayerObjectRoot()#Gets the layer manager
LayersList = root.GetChildren()
toggled = 0
for layers in LayersList:
#print layers.GetName()
if layers.GetBit(c4d.BIT_ACTIVE) :# if the layer is selected
layer_data = layers.GetLayerData(doc)
layer_data['solo'] = not layer_data['solo']
layers.SetLayerData(doc,layer_data)
toggled=1
c4d.EventAdd()
if toggled == 0:
gui.MessageDialog("Select a layer to use the script")
return False
CallButton(layers, 100004726) # why do we need this when other items in the layer list do not
if __name__=='__main__':
main()
ie. all the other icons can be toggled and function without a button click?
import c4d
from c4d import gui
def main() :
#c4d.CallCommand(13957); # Clear console
doc = c4d.documents.GetActiveDocument()
root = doc.GetLayerObjectRoot()#Gets the layer manager
LayersList = root.GetChildren()
toggled = 0
for layers in LayersList:
if layers.GetBit(c4d.BIT_ACTIVE) :# if the layer is selected
layer_data = layers.GetLayerData(doc)
layer_data['view'] = not layer_data['view']
layer_data['render'] = not layer_data['render']
layer_data['manager'] = not layer_data['manager']
layer_data['locked'] = not layer_data['locked']
layer_data['generators'] = not layer_data['generators']
layer_data['expressions'] = not layer_data['expressions']
layer_data['animation'] = not layer_data['animation']
layer_data['deformers'] = not layer_data['deformers']
layers.SetLayerData(doc,layer_data)
toggled=1
c4d.EventAdd()
if toggled == 0:
gui.MessageDialog("Select a layer to use the script")
return False
if __name__=='__main__':
main()
• THE POST BELOW IS MORE THAN 5 YEARS OLD. RELATED SUPPORT INFORMATION MIGHT BE OUTDATED OR DEPRECATED
On 11/03/2012 at 07:10, xxxxxxxx wrote:
and to add to that
not sure if its a bug
but
layer_data['deformers'] = not layer_data['deformers']
isn't working
• THE POST BELOW IS MORE THAN 5 YEARS OLD. RELATED SUPPORT INFORMATION MIGHT BE OUTDATED OR DEPRECATED
On 11/03/2012 at 11:04, xxxxxxxx wrote:
I haven't seen anyone from Maxon post here in about a week. They might be at trade shows or something. So I don't know if you're going to get a reply to this anytime soon.
This is my interpretation of how it works:
In the C++ SDK it shows that Solo has it's own NBIT code to use to solo the object the layer is on.
When the user physically clicks the solo icon in the LayerObject. It sends an NBIT message to the object the layer is on. And solos the object as expected.
But if you change just the LayerObject's solo state with code, and not physically clicking on it. The ChangeNBit() message never gets sent to the object. So it doesn't do anything.
Here's a C++ example showing LayerObject & ChangeNBit()working together to solo the object:
GeListHead *list = NULL;
list = doc->GetLayerObjectRoot(); //Get the root and store it in the GeListHead variable called "list"
if(!list) return FALSE;
LayerObject *layer = (LayerObject* )list->GetFirst(); //Get the first layer
if(!layer) return TRUE;
const LayerData *data = layer->GetLayerData(doc,FALSE); //Get the layer's container
LayerData newdata(*data); //Adds a new custom entry into the layer's container
newdata.solo = TRUE; //Set the SOLO option to on in memory
doc->StartUndo();
doc->AddUndo(UNDOTYPE_CHANGE,layer);
layer->SetLayerData(doc, newdata); //Execute the changes made to the layer
//The object in the OM needs it's bit set to SOLO
//The LayerObject alone will not make the object update by itself
doc->AddUndo(UNDOTYPE_BITS,doc);
doc->ChangeNBit(NBIT_SOLO_LAYER, NBITCONTROL_SET); //Executes the NBIT_SOLO_LAYER option
doc->EndUndo();
EventAdd();
I think you're your CallButton(layers, 100004726) code fools C4D into sending the ChangeNBit() message to the object. That's why it works.
When the Maxon guys get back they can maybe shed better light on how it works if I've got it wrong.
-ScottA
• THE POST BELOW IS MORE THAN 5 YEARS OLD. RELATED SUPPORT INFORMATION MIGHT BE OUTDATED OR DEPRECATED
On 11/03/2012 at 11:13, xxxxxxxx wrote:
Thanks for your thoughts Scott.
More code - always useful.
Will try to get my hard around this.
Log in to reply
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Google OAuth2 OmniAuth Provider
To enable the Google OAuth2 OmniAuth provider you must register your application with Google. Google will generate a client ID and secret key for you to use.
1. Sign in to the Google Developers Console with the Google account you want to use to register GitLab.
2. Select "Create Project".
3. Provide the project information
• Project name: 'GitLab' works just fine here.
• Project ID: Must be unique to all Google Developer registered applications. Google provides a randomly generated Project ID by default. You can use the randomly generated ID or choose a new one.
4. Refresh the page. You should now see your new project in the list. Click on the project.
5. Select the "Google APIs" tab in the Overview.
6. Select and enable the following Google APIs - listed under "Popular APIs"
• Enable Contacts API
• Enable Google+ API
7. Select "Credentials" in the submenu.
8. Select "Create New Client ID".
9. Fill in the required information
10. Under the heading "Client ID for web application" you should see a Client ID and Client secret (see screenshot). Keep this page open as you continue configuration. Google app
11. On your GitLab server, open the configuration file.
For omnibus package:
sudo editor /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
For installations from source:
cd /home/git/gitlab
sudo -u git -H editor config/gitlab.yml
12. See Initial OmniAuth Configuration for initial settings.
13. Add the provider configuration:
For omnibus package:
gitlab_rails['omniauth_providers'] = [
{
"name" => "google_oauth2",
"app_id" => "YOUR_APP_ID",
"app_secret" => "YOUR_APP_SECRET",
"args" => { "access_type" => "offline", "approval_prompt" => '' }
}
]
For installations from source:
- { name: 'google_oauth2', app_id: 'YOUR_APP_ID',
app_secret: 'YOUR_APP_SECRET',
args: { access_type: 'offline', approval_prompt: '' } }
14. Change 'YOUR_APP_ID' to the client ID from the Google Developer page from step 10.
15. Change 'YOUR_APP_SECRET' to the client secret from the Google Developer page from step 10.
16. Save the configuration file.
17. Reconfigure or restart GitLab for the changes to take effect if you installed GitLab via Omnibus or from source respectively.
On the sign in page there should now be a Google icon below the regular sign in form. Click the icon to begin the authentication process. Google will ask the user to sign in and authorize the GitLab application. If everything goes well the user will be returned to GitLab and will be signed in.
Further Configuration
This further configuration is not required for Google authentication to function but it is strongly recommended. Taking these steps will increase usability for users by providing a little more recognition and branding.
At this point, when users first try to authenticate to your GitLab installation with Google they will see a generic application name on the prompt screen. The prompt informs the user that "Project Default Service Account" would like to access their account. "Project Default Service Account" isn't very recognizable and may confuse or cause users to be concerned. This is easily changeable.
1. Select 'Consent screen' in the left menu. (See steps 1, 4 and 5 above for instructions on how to get here if you closed your window).
2. Scroll down until you find "Product Name". Change the product name to something more descriptive.
3. Add any additional information as you wish - homepage, logo, privacy policy, etc. None of this is required, but it may help your users. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Xx-Cath-xx
Hi i am a Catherine. From kent with my Mum and my Dad and Denzil he is my brother and he is aning but i love them very very much. My onley firends are Lacey and Lusey. | WIKI |
References of "Eyckens, P"
in
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Peer Reviewed
See detailForming forces in single point incremental forming: prediction by finite element simulations, validation and sensitivity
Henrard, Christophe; Bouffioux, Chantal ULg; Eyckens, P. et al
in Computational Mechanics (2011), 47
The aim of this article is to study the accuracy of finite element simulations in predicting the tool force occurring during the single point incremental forming (SPIF) process. The forming of two cones ... [more ▼]
The aim of this article is to study the accuracy of finite element simulations in predicting the tool force occurring during the single point incremental forming (SPIF) process. The forming of two cones in soft aluminum was studied with two finite element (FE) codes and several constitutive laws (an elastic–plastic law coupled with various hardening models). The parameters of these laws were identified using several combinations of a tensile test, shear tests, and an inverse modeling approach taking into account a test similar to the incremental forming process. Comparisons between measured and predicted force values are performed. This article shows that three factors have an influence on force prediction: the type of finite element, the constitutive law and the identification procedure for the material parameters. In addition, it confirms that a detailed description of the behavior occurring across the thickness of the metal sheet is crucial for an accurate force prediction by FE simulations, even though a simple analytical formula could provide an otherwise acceptable answer. [less ▲]
Detailed reference viewed: 112 (32 ULg)
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Peer Reviewed
See detailStrain Evolution in the Single Point Incremental Forming Process: Digital Image Correlation Measurement and Finite Element Prediction
Eyckens, P.; Belkassem, B.; Henrard, Christophe et al
in International Journal of Material Forming (2011)
Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) is a relatively new class of sheet forming processes that allow the manufacture of complex geometries based on computer-controlled forming tools in replacement (at least ... [more ▼]
Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) is a relatively new class of sheet forming processes that allow the manufacture of complex geometries based on computer-controlled forming tools in replacement (at least partially) of dedicated tooling. This paper studies the straining behaviour in the Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) variant (in which no dedicated tooling at all is required), both on experimental basis using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and on numerical basis by the Finite Element (FE) method. The aim of the paper is to increase understanding of the deformation mechanisms inherent to SPIF, which is an important issue for the understanding of the high formability observed in this process and also for future strategies to improve the geometrical accuracy. Two distinct large-strain FE formulations, based on shell and first-order reduced integration brick elements, are used to model the sheet during the SPIF processing into the form of a truncated cone. The prediction of the surface strains on the outer surface of the cone is compared to experimentally obtained strains using the DIC technique. It is emphasised that the strain history as calculated from the DIC displacement field depends on the scale of the strain definition. On the modelling side, it is shown that the mesh density in the FE models plays a similar role on the surface strain predictions. A good qualitative agreement has been obtained for the surface strain components. One significant exception has however been found, which concerns the circumferential strain evolution directly under the forming tool. The qualitative discrepancy is explained through a mechanism of through-thickness shear in the experiment, which is not fully captured by the present FE modelling since it shows a bending-dominant accommodation mechanism. The effect of different material constitutive behaviours on strain prediction has also been investigated, the parameters of which were determined by inverse modelling using a specially designed sheet forming test. Isotropic and anisotropic yield criteria are considered, combined with either isotropic or kinematic hardening. The adopted constitutive law has only a limited influence on the surface strains. Finally, the experimental surface strain evolution is compared between two cones with different forming parameters. It is concluded that the way the plastic zone under the forming tool accommodates the moving tool (i.e. by through-thickness shear or rather by bending) depends on the process parameters. The identification of the most determining forming parameter that controls the relative importance of either mechanism is an interesting topic for future research. [less ▲]
Detailed reference viewed: 158 (20 ULg)
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Peer Reviewed
See detailForming Forces in Single Point Incremental Forming, Prediction by Finite Element Simulations
Henrard, Christophe; Bouffioux, Chantal ULg; Eyckens, P. et al
in Computational Mechanics (2010)
The aim of this article is to study the accuracy of the nite element simulations to predict the tool force during the Single Point Incremental Forming process. The forming of two cones in soft aluminum ... [more ▼]
The aim of this article is to study the accuracy of the nite element simulations to predict the tool force during the Single Point Incremental Forming process. The forming of two cones in soft aluminum was studied with two Finite Element (FE) codes and several constitutive laws (an elastic-plastic model coupled with different hardening approaches). The parameters of these laws were identi ed using tensile and shear tests, as well as an inverse approach taking into account a test similar to the incremental forming process. Comparisons between measured and predicted force values are performed. This article shows that three factors have an in uence on the force prediction: the type of nite element, the constitutive law and the identi cation procedure for the material parameters. In addition, it con rms that a very detailed description of the behavior occurring across the thickness of the metal sheet is crucial for an accurate force prediction by FE simulations, even though a simple analytical formula could provide an otherwise acceptable answer. [less ▲]
Detailed reference viewed: 158 (52 ULg)
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See detailComparison of the tests chosen for material parameter identification to predict single point incremental forming forces
Bouffioux, Chantal ULg; Henrard, Christophe ULg; Eyckens, P. et al
in Asnafi, Nader (Ed.) Proceedings of the International Conference of International Deep Drawing Research Group (IDDRG 2008) (2008)
Single Point Incremental Forming is a sheet forming process that uses a smooth-ended tool following a specific tool path and thus eliminates the need for dedicated die sets. Using this method, the ... [more ▼]
Single Point Incremental Forming is a sheet forming process that uses a smooth-ended tool following a specific tool path and thus eliminates the need for dedicated die sets. Using this method, the material can reach a very high deformation level. A wide variety of shapes can be obtained without specific and costly equipment. To be able to optimize the process, a model and its material parameters are required. The inverse method has been used to provide material data by modeling experiments directly performed on a SPIF set-up and comparing them to the experimental measurements. The tests chosen for this study can generate heterogeneous stress and strain fields. They are performed with the production machine itself and are appropriate for the inverse method since their simulation times are not too high. [less ▲]
Detailed reference viewed: 108 (20 ULg)
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Peer Reviewed
See detailIdentification of material parameters to predict Single Point Incremental Forming forces
Bouffioux, Chantal ULg; Eyckens, P.; Henrard, Christophe et al
in International Journal of Material Forming (2008)
The purpose of this article is to develop an inverse method for adjusting the material parameters for single point incremental forming (SPIF). The main idea consists in FEM simulations of simple tests ... [more ▼]
The purpose of this article is to develop an inverse method for adjusting the material parameters for single point incremental forming (SPIF). The main idea consists in FEM simulations of simple tests involving the SPIF specificities (the “line test”) performed on the machine used for the process itself. This approach decreases the equipment cost. It has the advantage that the material parameters are fitted for heterogeneous stress and strain fields close to the ones occurring during the actual process. A first set of material parameters, adjusted for the aluminum alloy AA3103 with classical tests (tensile and cyclic shear tests), is compared with parameters adjusted by the line test. It is shown that the chosen tests and the strain state level have an important impact on the adjusted material data and on the accuracy of the tool force prediction reached during the SPIF process. [less ▲]
Detailed reference viewed: 77 (19 ULg)
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Peer Reviewed
See detailForming limit predictions for single-point incremental sheet metal forming
Van Bael, A.; Eyckens, P.; He, S. et al
in Cueto, Elías; Chinesta, Francisco (Eds.) Proceedings of the 10th International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming (2007)
A characteristic of incremental sheet metal forming is that much higher deformations can be achieved than conventional forming limits. In this paper it is investigated to which extent the highly non ... [more ▼]
A characteristic of incremental sheet metal forming is that much higher deformations can be achieved than conventional forming limits. In this paper it is investigated to which extent the highly non-monotonic strain paths during such a process may be responsible for this high formability. A Marciniak-Kuczynski (MK) model is used to predict the onset of necking of a sheet subjected to the strain paths obtained by finite-element simulations. The predicted forming limits are considerably higher than for monotonic loading, but still lower than the experimental ones. This discrepancy is attributed to the strain gradient over the sheet thickness, which is not taken into account in the currently used MK model. [less ▲]
Detailed reference viewed: 75 (7 ULg)
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Jared Nightingale
Jared Nightingale (born October 3, 1982) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who primarily played in the American Hockey League (AHL).
Playing career
On January 30, 2009, Nightingale signed an AHL contract with the Hartford Wolf Pack. He was re-signed by Hartford on August 23, 2010. After five seasons with the affiliates of the New York Rangers organization, Nightingale was signed to an AHL contract with the Syracuse Crunch on July 5, 2012.
On July 22, 2013, Nightingale continued his journeyman career by signing a one-year contract with the Rockford IceHogs, an AHL affiliate of the Chicago Blackhawks.
On February 5, 2015, the Grand Rapids Griffins signed Nightingale to a professional try out. Nightingale recorded one assist in six games with the Hartford Wolf Pack, and one assist in 20 games with the Norfolk Admirals. Most recently he spent 13 games with the Toledo Walleye of the ECHL, where he recorded three points. On February 9, 2015, Nightingale was released from his professional try out, and returned to the Norfolk Admirals.
On August 26, 2015, the Toledo Walleye re-signed Nightingale to a one-year contract.
Following the conclusion of the 2016–17 season with the Chicago Wolves, and having appeared in 472 regular season AHL games, Nightingale announced his retirement from professional hockey on August 31, 2017.
In the 2017–18 season, Nightingale briefly came out of retirement, playing a solitary game with the Quad City Mallards of the ECHL on January 21, 2018, before returning to his assistant coaching role with the Omaha Lancers of the United States Hockey League.
Personal life
Nightingale's older brother, Adam, is the head coach for the Michigan State Spartans men's ice hockey team, while his other brother, Jason, is Assistant Director of Amateur Scouting for the Buffalo Sabres. | WIKI |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 17.djvu/467
Rh York and flaunted their spoils in all men's eyes. The man who now talks about wading through blood and hanging people to lamp-posts is but the vender of a nostrum who dresses as a wild Indian to attract attention; but when blind fear and unreasoning resentment sway the Government, and give to whoever can arouse them the prizes of place and power, the day when blood will flow and cities burn may not be so far off. There has never yet been any danger of mob violence in San Francisco; and yet, watching what has been going on there, it has seemed to me that I could see how jealousy and fear and hatred and revenge might mount through a series of actions and reactions to the point where reason is utterly trodden under foot; that I can understand better than before how faction piled the streets of Jerusalem with corpses, while Titus thundered at her gates; how the colors of circus-charioteers divided Constantinople into two hostile camps; how the reappearance of French liberty ushered in Red Terror and White Terror. It is true that we have the public school and the daily paper; that any child can tell you the distance of the sun, and how this system once rolled a mass of incandescent vapor. But, "scratch a Russian and you have a Tartar." Look at your civilized man when fired by that strange magnetic impulse which passion arouses in crowds, and you may read in his eyes the blind fury of the Malay running amuck. You will understand how handkerchiefs hemmed with the sewing machine might be dipped in blood, and hearts carried on pikes through streets lit with gas!
Aristocracies, hierarchies, established orders, hereditary castes, and strong religious beliefs that have become conservative, they are like the trees and the fences that check the violence of the blast that over a dead level rushes in headlong fury—like the ballast in a ship that resists the sudden lurch. But these we have cast off or are casting: off. Government with us grows in weight and importance; but this is not a conservative force when its increasing powers and emoluments are to be grasped by whoever can best organize corruption or rouse passion. We have great and increasing accumulations of wealth; capital is becoming organized in greater and greater masses, and the railroad company dwarfs the State. But these are not forces of stability. Perhaps these great combinations are forced into politics in self-defense. But, however they get there, their effect is but to demoralize and corrupt—to reward and to bring to political leadership the unscrupulous. And these great corporations themselves are but the prize and prey of adventurers, the fattening-places of unscrupulous rings.
Given universal suffrage; a vague, blind, bitter feeling of discontent on the one side and of insecurity on the other; unscrupulous politicians who may ride into power by exciting hopes and fears; class jealousies and class antipathies; great moneyed interests working through all parties with utter selfishness; a general disgust with political methods and feeling of practical political impotence, producing | WIKI |
Page:The Victoria History of the County of Surrey Volume 3.djvu/396
A HISTORY OF SURREY
��road in 1755.' Up to that time it was not available for wheeled traffic in bad weather,* and to judge from the traces of the old road it needed courage to drive along it at all. Till the bridge at Burford Bridge, together with the approach to it, was raised some twenty years ago, it was fre- quently overflowed by the Mole in time of flood.
The old west and east line of com- munication across the country by the chalk downs passed south of the vil- lage, past Bagden Farm and Chapel Farm, to a ford on the river south of Burford Lodge, at the foot of Box Hill.
The London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway line from London to Portsmouth also passes through the Mickleham valley. The line was com- pleted in 1867. There is a station at West Humble in Mickleham, now called Box Hill and Burford Bridge, to dis- tinguish it from Box Hill on the South Eastern line, more than a mile distant.
Mickleham is fairly rich in anti- quities. In 1788 William Bray, the historian of Surrey, became possessed of some brass Roman coins of the later Empire, which had recently been ploughed up on Bagden Farm, 4 and neolithic flakes are not uncommon both about this place, near Norbury, and on Box Hill. The ancient road which, as the Roman Stone Street, runs from Sussex past Ockley to Dorking (q.v.) headed for the Mole valley through a gap in the chalk, though it does not appear that it has been actually traced between Dorking and Burford Bridge. A ford over the Mole is still visible at the place where Bur- ford Bridge stands, and a little further north, at Juniper Hall, a lane leaves the present road on the right and ascends the downs. It is called Pebble Lane. At the point where it emerges upon the high ground it becomes a well-marked track carried on a cause- way over declivities. Flints with ce- ment clinging to them occur upon it, as farther south on the same road in Capel (q.v.). It is still a bridle road, and leads in nearly a straight line to Epsom race-course. After this point it is supposed to have led to the right, in a curve following the top of the downs, past Ban stead to Woodcote. It probably represents a British track- way utilized by the Romans as the line of a small road, though the Ro- man way probably continued straight on at Epsom towards Ewell, and so to London. In 1780, when Juni- per Hall was being built, two skeletons
' Act 28 Geo. II, cap. 45.
8 Manning and Bray, Surr. iii, App. p. Hi.
4 Ibid. p. xlvii.
��PONO-LIKC OffftlSSIOH* IN THC nC FILLING WITH
FLOOO nfic ey
I ft FILTH A TlOfl
��fees*, "*"^
���COURSE OF THE RIVER MOLE,
SHOWING THE LARGER
" SWALLOWS."
��302
�� � | WIKI |
Page:Africa by Élisée Reclus, Volume 4.djvu/282
spirits the dealers take chiefly hides, caoutchouc, and beeswax. No establishment has been founded by Europeans, either on the river or in the neighbouring maritime region, and here the only human habitations are a few kraals of the Magwamba (Malolo) natives scattered here and there amid the forests and on the open savannahs. The Magwambas, who belong to the widespread Amatonga (Batonga) family, and the communities that have escaped the ravages of the Zulus, give evidence of a relatively high degree of native culture. All these tribes are — greatly addicted to the smoking of hemp. | WIKI |
Talk:Suncheonman Bay Wetland Reserve
Standalone article?
I created this because it was linked from the main article from South Korea. Suncheon_Bay_Ecological_Park is apparently 27 square kilometer large... does this align with our national park articles? Andrewssi2 (talk) 08:19, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
* Was about to ask the same question, we are only talking about a few square miles here of reserce. Is is already a list in the Suncheon page. Suggest redirect to that as any places to sleep are lightly to overlap. --Traveler100 (talk) 15:56, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
* I feel that 27 square KM is large enough for a national park article, albeit very much on the smaller side. I'm OK however to merge this one in with Suncheon --Andrewssi2 (talk) 22:15, 18 September 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
PubAg
Main content area
Asymmetric Synthesis of a CBI-Based Cyclic N-Acyl O-Amino Phenol Duocarmycin Prodrug
Author:
Uematsu, Mika, Boger, Dale L.
Source:
Journal of organic chemistry 2014 v.79 no.20 pp. 9699-9703
ISSN:
1520-6904
Subject:
DNA, alkylation, ambient temperature, chemical bonding, chemical structure, cyclization reactions, hydrochloric acid, organic chemistry, phenol, regioselectivity
Abstract:
A short, asymmetric synthesis of a cyclic N-acyl O-amino phenol duocarmycin prodrug subject to reductive activation based on the simplified 1,2,9,9a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]benz[e]indol-4-one (CBI) DNA alkylation subunit is described. A key element of the approach entailed treatment of iodo-epoxide 7, prepared by N-alkylation of 6 with (S)-glycidal 3-nosylate, with EtMgBr at room temperature to directly provide the optically pure alcohol 8 in 78% yield (99% ee) derived from an effective metal–halogen exchange and subsequent regioselective intramolecular 6-endo-tet cyclization. Following O-debenzylation, introduction of a protected N-methylhydroxamic acid, direct trannannular spirocyclization, and subsequent stereoelectronically controlled acid-catalyzed cleavage of the resulting cyclopropane (HCl), further improvements in a unique intramolecular cyclization with N–O bond formation originally introduced for formation of the reductively labile prodrug functionality are detailed.
Agid:
5502874 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
touch-type
Verb
* 1) To type with a keyboard or typewriter without having to look at it, knowing where the keys are.
Translations
* Polish: pisać bezwzrokowo, napisać bezwzrokowo | WIKI |
Norm
ASTM E2208-02(2010)e1
Standard Guide for Evaluating Non-Contacting Optical Strain Measurement Systems
54,62
Over deze norm
Status Definitief
Aantal pagina's 7
Commissie E08.03
Gepubliceerd op 01-11-2010
Taal Engels
1.1 The purpose of this document is to assist potential users in understanding the issues related to the accuracy of non-contacting strain measurement systems and to provide a common framework for quantitative comparison of optical systems. The output from a non-contacting optical strain and deformation measurement system is generally divided into optical data and image analysis data. Optical data contains information related to specimen strains and the image analysis process converts the encoded optical information into strain data. The enclosed document describes potential sources of error in the strain data and describes general methods for quantifying the error and estimating the accuracy of the measurements when applying non-contacting methods to the study of events for which the optical integration time is much smaller than the inverse of the maximum temporal frequency in the encoded data (that is, events that can be regarded as static during the integration time). A brief application of the approach, along with specific examples defining the various terms, is given in the Appendix.
Details
ICS-code 17.180.30
Nederlandse titel Standard Guide for Evaluating Non-Contacting Optical Strain Measurement Systems
Engelse titel Standard Guide for Evaluating Non-Contacting Optical Strain Measurement Systems
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Issue 1, 2016
SERS-based immunoassay using a core–shell SiO2@Ag immune probe and Ag-decorated NiCo2O4 nanorods immune substrate
Abstract
An immunoassay with high sensitivity based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was realized by using a SiO2@Ag immune probe and Ag-decorated NiCo2O4 nanorods (NNRs) immune substrate. The SiO2@Ag immune probe was prepared by immobilizing Raman reporter molecules and anti-alpha fetoprotein (AFP) onto the SiO2@Ag hybrid structure. It was discovered that SiO2 colloidal microspheres attached with an appropriate amount of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) maintained the highest SERS intensity. Nanogaps between adjacent Ag NPs were proved to be the primary “hot spots” responsible for the significant Raman enhancement. Then, the immune substrate was synthesized by magnetron sputtering Ag NPs onto a NNRs coated carbon fiber cloth and linking them with anti-AFP. Such a novel substrate exhibited strong SERS activity and excellent reproducibility, due to the large amount of homogeneous Ag aggregates on the one-dimensional NNRs. Finally, a sandwich structure consisting of the SiO2@Ag immune probe and the Ag-decorated NNRs substrate was used to detect AFP and a detection limit as low as 2.1 fg mL−1 was obtained. It is imagined that the proposed strategy will show great advantages in sensitive immunoassays.
Graphical abstract: SERS-based immunoassay using a core–shell SiO2@Ag immune probe and Ag-decorated NiCo2O4 nanorods immune substrate
Article information
Article type
Paper
Submitted
31 Oct 2015
Accepted
14 Dec 2015
First published
17 Dec 2015
RSC Adv., 2016,6, 708-715
SERS-based immunoassay using a core–shell SiO2@Ag immune probe and Ag-decorated NiCo2O4 nanorods immune substrate
X. Wang, L. Zhou, G. Wei, T. Jiang and J. Zhou, RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 708 DOI: 10.1039/C5RA22884K
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Japan govt banks to aid firms to prepare for overseas downturn - document
TOKYO, Nov 28 (Reuters) - Japan will provide financing to the nation’s companies for overseas investment to help them diversify production to fend off a possible downturn overseas, according to a document seen by Reuters on Thursday. The loans and other financing, through three government lenders, are part of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s efforts to shore up the world’s third-biggest economy and its companies as concerns grow over such risks as U.S.-China trade tensions, turbulent protests in Hong Kong, and Brexit, said two people briefed on the plans. The scheme is to deploy the Japan Bank for International Cooperation, the Development Bank of Japan Inc and the Japan International Cooperation Agency , the document shows. A JBIC spokeswomen declined to comment. DBJ and JICA, and the government’s Cabinet Office, which is compiling the measures, could not immediately be reached. (Reporting by Takashi Umekawa and Takaya Yamaguchi Editing by William Mallard) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Australia's McGrath Ltd sees losses in final qtr
March 22 (Reuters) - Australia’s McGrath Ltd, the country’s biggest listed real estate agency, on Friday flagged losses in the quarter ending June 30, adding that subdued market conditions have continued in the second half of the year. In February, the realtor reported a loss in the first half of the 2019 fiscal year. The company said it generated underlying earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization loss for the eight months ended Feb. 28 of A$4.5 million ($3.20 million) ($1 = 1.4069 Australian dollars) (Reporting by Aby Jose Koilparambil in Bengaluru; editing by Darren Schuettler) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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Barbara Durkin
Barbara Durkin is an English actress who trained at the Manchester Polytechnic School of Theatre. She made her debut in the 1987 British film Wish You Were Here, and later made television appearances in Knowing Me, Knowing You... with Alan Partridge, Boon, Brass Eye, I'm Alan Partridge, Taking the Floor, Midsomer Murders, Roger Roger, My Parents Are Aliens and Scoop. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 34 Part 1.djvu/1486
_ xxx INDEX. Chief of Stqj`, Army, P¤g¤· ¥ China, United States (‘0zm‘for, P¤g€· appropriation for expenses, military infor- appropriation for salaries ., 922 mation division . 240, 1158, for expenses judge and district attorney, . 922 for service schools .. 240, 1158 for deputy marshals and clerks . 922 details of civilians to or from War Depart- ‘ for expenses ,.. 1357 ment forbidden ... 418 ‘ deiiciency appropriation for salaries, ctc. , 669 (‘h/ihuahua, Mexico, ¤ established; jurisdiction ,._._. 814 classification and salary of consul .. 100 { regular sessions; special hearings at consuq a ropriation for clerk hire 294, 924 » lates ... 814 C'lrZi)¢i) Labor, seal, rocess, etc 814 investigation directed of industrial, etc., jurisdiiction of consuls in minor cases; apconditions of. . 866 l pcals ..._..__. 814 appropriation for .. 1330 ¤ appeals from oonsular courts in Korea,. . I. , 814 Child Labor gOmm,;m,e’ D_ (jg _7vammag7 [ supervision over estates of deceased c1t1- incorporated; objects, etc 914 1 Pens -·—·--·-··—-·-·-·—-·--· {F15 0MM7e,,, I duties of consuls._ _ _...,._.__ M5 citizenship of, born abroad . . .1229 aPP€alS f1`0m» to Pucmt COUN of aPP€¤·1$, Cvhudrm, D_ Cv 1 ninth district .,.,,__..._,,____ 815 jurisdiction of juveniles court over neg- I to SURWPIQ _C0]1YtS PI`0C€dlU`€ ---—-~-··-- 815 lecmd, etc ________________________ 74 I general jurisdiction; procedure _.._.,_____ 815 parents and guardians neglecting, etc 74 1 Officers? ¤¤1¤r¤<>¤ ---·—··---·--—·-- 816 punishment for desertion, etc., by parent tenure of Omce —·-·—·-—·-··-···- ; -·—·---— 816 Of minor _____________ _ ____________ 86 bond of marshal and clerk; deputies ..,,_, 816 Child·ren’s Guardians, D. C., Board of, · mamhgg. afdconsulm courts m Ohm 816 appropriation for administrative ex- tariff O? fee? G ‘‘'‘‘`'‘‘`‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 816 for $$53 ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ SH {EE Chime <»‘v-¢v*~?~` M1??? ```` . `"```````````’" fOIf€9b1€-I;11l1;L1éHCh1idP(I1..;:.ii:.. 511; 1152 "‘PP"°P{‘““°” **gF°*mb“¤*¤g f°'g” b“°Y» 1 93 for board, etc., of children. . 511, 1152 Chinese Eagtlgtgc jgcr '‘‘’‘'‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2 payments to sectarian institutions; 3 · tw")? lk - 7 1 buria]S ________________________ 511, 1152 PEWPM ‘°“ °" °. ‘l""'“g ·-- ; ··—· 22· 329 for building industrial home school for ggt ;l§§;£3I{g,maY;g1t;:1u{?;l;¥f3§c=;:§ '‘'‘‘ 132;; d€¤ci€§%§€’T;‘,$§i§.i{2); x;,>mi;;;,;i;(1ta 51* Pgagwy f t. f .d. 709 children-U""'-_"__-___·_.‘·- 64271379 ppopra ion orprevenmno epi emicu liué for care of children 1379 - · » v¤v·~jO¤f iumile Coun in ¤~¤¤¤i¤¤·*¤*S _4 C’ZZt'{I’£{Y}”?Z$§¤?SS’L‘dZ’}€5 €Z€¥;’v0Stigmd. 369 ‘'``'‘‘‘‘''‘'`’'‘‘`‘‘'```` A Chi 0la River, Fla., Ch'ild7`€’Ily8 Hospital, D. (1. appmpriation for improvement of; cut off. 1087 appropriation for care of indigent pix- Cjnppwya Falls_ {43;% _ Ueflts -·-···—··-—·-·-···—····-- °10» 1151 construction of public building authorized Chddv Glavm. Alaska, ( at _,,,_,_,_,__,_________________,_ 777 bridge authorized across (`oppor River ut. . R04 appropriation for ___________________ 792 1296 CMM-*, Ifvrvid Do Chippewa Indian Resermticm, Minn. ’ Ch!;;?)' b'? *‘PP0im€‘d Gnsign and ¤‘€‘ti¥'°d ·--·· 1417 return of excess to purchasers of pine tim· 1 _ _ _ _ GI' . . . . 8PP'°P"8“°¤ fm` 'mm?*€' to ·-··—·-···· 286· 916 payment to loggin superintendents .. 351 or 8"c*`€m*'}’ <>f1<~g¤¤<>¤ ·-··--··---·-- 287,917 (Yhippewa Indians, §ich., L’Anse and Vieux Chilocco, Okla., * de Serf, appropriation for Indian school ., . . 362, 1043 I shares of minors and incompetents in trust or water system 1043 N funds may bepaid to guardians . 356 deficiency appropriation for Indian school. 655 Chippewa Indians, N. ak., Turtle Mountain _ lease oflportxon of reservation authorized. . 362 { Band, ` Chilsom, aniel, Indzkm Allnttee,, appropriation for sup rt, etc., of 360 fewsimplc title to . 365 { Chippewa Indians of La£gSuperior, China, _ _ _ _ appropriation for support, etc., of .. 380, 1051 appropriation for minister to ... 286, 916 a lotmente to Indians of La. Pointe Reseror secretary of legatwn ... 287, 917 _ vzmon _,.,_.,. : ,..__,,,.,.,... 1217 fOr HPCOF1d secretary .. 287, 917 Chippewa Indian; of Minnesota, for (`hi¤<*S0 BGCIGTMY ..-- 288, 918 { appropriation for advance interest. 350, 1033 for assistant Chinese secretary. 288, 918 ’ entry.of drainage lands authorized 1033 for stuLiGHt·interpr€t9fS$ tuition .. 288, 918for civilization, etc .,_,,._..,,.. 350, 1033 for expenses, United States court for- 922, 1357for completing drainage survey; sale, for interpreters at consulates in ... 294, 924 eta __,_,_,_.,_...,___,,_..__ 352, 1033 for mars als, consular courts. 294, 925 disposition of lands .,.,,_ 352 for expenses of prisoners. . .. 295, 925 L deficiency appropriation for surveying and for marking places where American sol- l allotting ______,,___,,______,,______ 655 diérs fell in. i. 1175 = grant of Cooper Island to Minnesota for deficiency appropriation for legation build- i public park _______________________ 352 ings. ekin- ·. 27 3 sale of fallen timber and hay, Chippewa. for 1‘GIlt, légaticn buildings. 48 I Reservation; proceeds ____________ 35] for United States court for ..,.. 669 Chippewa Indian.; of the Miggiggippi, plan for consular buildings in, to be pre- ; appropriation for fulfilling treaty with; pared 292 A schools 350,1033 | WIKI |
The 1700s in Ireland’s history is alternately referred to as the “Penal Era” and the “Age of Ascendancy.” The two references aptly describe the difference in the lives of Ireland’s Catholics and the Protestant English living in Ireland. Irish Catholics made up the Irish poor who constituted 80 percent of the population and owned less than one-third of the land. As the Protestant English landowners “ascended” to the gentrified class in the 1700s, the Irish Catholics descended deeper into lives of desperation and deprivation. During this time, Ireland was theoretically an autonomous Kingdom with its own Parliament, but in reality it was a client state controlled by the King of Great Britain and supervised by his cabinet in London.
The state of Ireland’s poor in the 18th century can be party attributed to the devastation caused by the armies of Oliver Cromwell during 1649–53. The war that Cromwell waged against those Irish rebelling against English rule went way beyond conquering Ireland. Cromwell’s armies employed “scorched earth warfare,” burning land, crops and food stores in their wake. The impact of the war on the Irish population was unquestionably severe. The war resulted in famine, which was worsened by an outbreak of bubonic plague. Estimates of the drop in the Irish population resulting from the Parliamentarian campaign range from 15 to 83 percent. The English also transported about 50,000 people as indentured laborers, sending them to the English colonies in North America and the Caribbean.
Catholics in Ireland were then socially marginalized by the Penal Laws introduced in the late 1600s and early 1700s. The laws were designed to suppress the Catholic religion and strengthen the Protestant stronghold on Ireland’s economy. In 1690 the first Penal Laws stipulated that no Catholic could have a gun, pistol, or sword. Over the next 30 years other Penal laws followed: Irish Catholics were forbidden to receive an education, enter a profession, vote, hold public office, practice their religion, attend Catholic worship, engage in trade or commerce, purchase land, lease land, receive a gift of land or inherit land from a Protestant, rent land worth more than thirty shillings a year, own a horse of greater value than five pounds, be the guardian to a child, educate their own children or send a child abroad to receive an education. Catholics who owned even small amounts of land were prohibited from willing their land to the eldest son, as Protestants did. The land had to be divided among all male heirs. This law in effect reduced each heir’s individual land ownership to barely tillable plots.
The Irish poor served as tenant farmers on the large estates of absentee English landlords. Nearly all of the tenant farmer’s crop was sold to pay rent on the land. The tenant family existed on potatoes, which they grew on their own small plot, buttermilk and, on rare occasions, herring. The overworked soil produced potatoes of poor quality and usually less than sufficient in quantity to sustain the family. The tenant farmer’s housing was crowded and of poor construction. Families found it difficult to maintain even basic personal hygiene. These conditions led to epidemic infections and intestinal problems.
The Irish poor of the 1700s were not eligible for any public assistance and the only relief available to them came from charity and volunteer organizations. In 1772, the Irish Parliament set up 11 workhouses for the unemployed poor, but that was not enough to make a significant impact. Moreover, the conditions in the workhouses were so deplorable that only the most desperate of the Irish poor, or those who were forcibly taken off the streets, entered into workhouse service.
The only education available to the Catholic Irish poor were the charter schools established by the Irish Parliament in 1733. The government’s stated goal of these schools was twofold: to rescue children from abject poverty and free them from the restraints of what the government considered a dangerous religion. Parents were told their children would be provided food, clothing, shelter, free education and instruction in the Protestant religion. Irish Catholic parents recognized the charter schools as a form of bribery and only sent their children there during times of famine, withdrawing them when conditions improved. In 1788, a Parliament-sponsored committee investigating the charter schools found students living in deplorable conditions and treated essentially as slaves.
The United Irishmen and the Rebellion of 1798
The prospect of reforming the Penal Laws inspired a small group of Protestant liberals in Belfast to found the Society of United Irishmen in 1791. The organisation crossed the religious divide with a membership comprised of Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, Methodists, other Protestant “dissenter” groups, and even some from the Protestant Ascendancy. The Society openly put forward policies of further democratic reforms and Catholic Emancipation, reforms which the Irish Parliament had little intention of granting. The outbreak of war between France and England, early in 1793, forced the Society underground and toward armed insurrection with French aid. The organisation spread throughout Ireland and had at least 200,000 members by 1797.
To augment their growing strength, the United Irish leadership decided to seek military help from the French Revolutionary government and to postpone any rising until French troops landed in Ireland. Theobold Wolfe Tone, leader of the United Irishmen, traveled in exile from the United States to France to press the case for intervention. Tone’s efforts succeeded with the dispatch of 14,000 French veteran troops under General Hoche, which arrived off the coast of Ireland at Bantry Bay in December of 1796 after eluding the Royal Navy. However unremitting storms, indecisive leaders and poor seamanship all combined to prevent a landing.
The British government was highly alarmed by the French attempt to invade Ireland and dispatched Lieutenant-General Gerard Lake to the province of Ulster. His orders were to disarm the United Irishmen and their Defender allies under an Insurrection Act which effectively put the country under martial law. Lake vowed to subdue the populace of Belfast by the use of terror. Throughout 1797 he initiated searches in Belfast and the surrounding towns, seizing many firearms and pikes. He loosed his Yeomanry and Orange militias upon the countryside, spreading terror by burnings and merciless floggings. This reign of terror was very effective in depleting the numbers of those supporting the United Irishmen.
In 1798 Gerard Lake was promoted to Commander in chief of the army, in spite of Irish government’s outrage at the savagery of his troops, and turned his attentions to the province of Leinster. Here his officers delighted in using the pitchcap, half-hanging and floggings. By the spring of 1798, it appeared that Dublin Castle had been successful in its determined efforts to destroy the Society’s capacity for insurrection: many of its leaders were in prison, its organisation was in disarray, and there seemed no possibility of French assistance. Despite these difficulties, on the night of the 23rd/24th May, as planned, the mail coaches leaving Dublin were seized – as a signal to those United Irishmen outside the capital that the time for the uprising had arrived.
The initial outbreak of the rebellion was confined to a ring of counties surrounding Dublin. The fighting in Kildare, Carlow, Wicklow and Meath had been quickly suppressed by government forces, and the capital secured, when news arrived of a major rebel success in Oulart, County Wexford, followed up by further successes at Enniscorthy and Wexford Town.
While rebellion was raging in the south-east, the north generally had been quiet. But on June 7th a large number of rebels assembled in different parts of County Antrim. In Ballymena, the green flag was raised over the market house, and there were attacks on Larne, Glenarm, Carrickfergus, Toomebridge and Ballymoney. The rebels, almost entirely Presbyterian, captured Antrim town for a few hours, but were then driven out ‘with great slaughter’ by government artillery fire. An attempted mobilization in County Derry had come to nothing, but the United Irishmen in the adjacent County Down began to assemble their forces. However at Ballynahinch, some 12 miles from Belfast, the rebels were routed on 12th-13th June, suffering several hundred casualties. The rebels were hunted down and no quarter was given. Reprisals took place all over Ulster. United Irishmen and women were hanged and imprisoned in the hundreds.
With the rebels scattered in the north, attention shifted once again to those still ‘out’ in Wexford, and the army laid plans to attack their camp at Vinegar Hill outside of Enniscorthy. On 21st June, General Gerard Lake surrounded Vinegar Hill with some 20,000 men, in four columns of soldiers, in order to prevent a rebel breakout. Battle was joined. It lasted about two hours: the rebels were mercilessly shelled, and artillery carried the day. Although a ‘little war’ continued in the Wicklow mountains for some time afterwards, in effect, after Vinegar Hill, the rebellion in the south-east was over. Retribution for the rebel leaders was swift and largely uncompromising. They were executed; their heads were cut off and stuck on spikes outside the courthouse in Wexford town. Father John Murphy, the hero of Oulart and Enniscorthy, was captured in Tullow, County Carlow. He was stripped, flogged, hanged, and beheaded: his corpse was burned in a barrel. With an eye for detail, the local Yeomanry spiked his head on a building directly opposite the local Catholic church, and with great glee, they forced the Catholics of Tullow to open their windows to admit the ‘holy smoke’ from his funeral pyre.
For a brief period in late August, there appeared a prospect that the rebellion would flare up again. On 22nd August, a French force of some 1,100 men, under the command of General Humbert, waded ashore at Kilcummin Strand, near Killala, County Mayo. Humbert scored a striking victory at Castlebar, but then his campaign ran out of steam. It soon became clear that the apparent signal victory at Castlebar was an empty triumph. On 8th September at Ballinamuck, County Longford, the French force, vastly outnumbered, laid down its arms. The French were treated as honoured prisoners of war, but those Irish auxiliaries who had recklessly joined them were promptly massacred.
When the rebellion was finally over between 10,000 and 25,000 rebels (including a high proportion of non-combatants), and around 600 soldiers had been slain, and large areas of the country had been effectively laid waste.
The Act of Union, passed in August 1800, came into effect on 1 January 1801 and took away the measure of autonomy granted to Ireland’s Protestant Ascendancy. It was passed largely in response to the rebellion and was underpinned by the perception that the rebellion was provoked by the brutish misrule of the Ascendancy as much as the efforts of the United Irishmen. | FINEWEB-EDU |
1 Reply Latest reply on Aug 9, 2012 8:46 AM by shuttie27
Xpath search in a mapped network drive
shuttie27
I may be missing something here, but nevertheless...
FM11 on Windows Vista.
Using the XML view, I am searching for an xPath query such as //section. I select the Folder option and hit Run. The Browse for Folder dialog opens. In this dialog I see my local drives and folders but no mapped network drives. Is this by design?
If I go to Windows Explorer and navigate the the desired network folder, then copy the address to the clipboard, I can paste that address in the Browser for Folder dialog and it works OK. But that is not the way to do it.
Roger Shuttleworth
London, Canada
• 1. Re: Xpath search in a mapped network drive
shuttie27 Level 1
I can now answer my own question. The reason that mapped network drives are not visible is that you have to run FrameMaker as an administrator. Go figure.
Just in case anyone else is as perplexed as I was...You can set it to do that by default by right-clicking the shortcut and choosing Propertes. Then on the Compatibility tab, select the option to do so.
Roger | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Firefighter Dies After Going Into Cardiac Arrest At Fire Station « CBS Boston
ATTLEBORO (CBS) A veteran Attleboro firefighter has passed away Monday after he collapsed at work. Thomas Albert Cannon was 63. He had been with the Attleboro Fire Department for over 30 years. According to the department, Cannon went into cardiac arrest at the beginning of his shift on Sunday afternoon while performing truck and equipment checks. Black bunting hangs at the Attleboro Fire Department to mourn firefighter Thomas Cannon (Photo Courtesy: Attleboro Fire Department) Other firefighters were able to revive him and he was rushed to the hospital where he later died. I am very saddened at the news of Thomas Cannon's line of duty death. He served our department with distinction and pride for over 30 years, said Chief Lachance said in a written statement. On behalf of the entire Attleboro Fire Department, I want to extend our love and prayers to his family and loved ones. Funeral arrangements will be announced when they are finished. Please log in using one of these methods to post your comment: You are commenting using your Google+ account.( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Twitter account.( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Facebook account.( Log Out / Change ) Connecting to %s Notify me of new comments via email. Notify me of new posts via email. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
From Requirejs to Webpack, the old and the new…
requirejswebpack
As you already figured out by the title, this post will try to show you why I and my team decided to move from requirejs to webpack. They are both widely used and requirejs is clearly the oldest of the two, hence, this is somehow comparing the old with the new.
And, for me at least, in this case, old doesn’t mean gold :). Don’t get me wrong, requirejs was a great library when it was built and set the standards for many of the similar bundlers that came after, like webpack.
But in my experience requirejs is not dealing well with how new web applications are evolving, and I’ll try to explain, according to my experience using the tool, why we decided to move to webpack.
Why move:
Well, we first started thinking about moving from requirejs to webpack after we started extracting modules from a big application we had into separate npm modules. Because requirejs doesn’t import node modules, we had to start “hacking” and we installed our private npm modules into a folder inside the source path of our application so that they could be bundled by requirejs.
Well this has a lot of problems, first we don’t want a separate folder inside our source folder just to have external dependencies imported by requirejs. Second, if any of these modules has a dependency on a module that is already installed in the outer “primary” node_modules folder you would end up with that dependency being installed twice.
Webpack was built to support NPM modules, so you don’t have to worry about placing node modules inside the application source folder.
Requirejs follows the AMD (Asynchronous Module Definition) proposal, which for anyone used to work with node and CJS (CommonJS) modules can be annoying. They provide a way to convert CJS into AMD, but is really not flexible, and you have to follow specific steps to make it work, and really why should we care about that anyway, it should be transparent to us.
Webpack supports both AMD and CJS, so you don’t have to worry about converting AMD to CJS or vice versa, it just works. You might think that this is not a big deal, but when you think that you can use any nodejs library in the browser out of the box, things start to get exciting.
Another problem with requirejs is the loaders plugins. I really don’t want to explicitly have to do something like this:
define(['css!styles/cssfile'], function() { /* .. */})
Applying processors explicitly is not a good idea, it should be a responsibility of the bundler to detect different types of files and process them in the background, and it should be transparent to you.
Webpack loaders are really amazing, configuring the loaders is really simple and the overall plugin system is more robust. Also, ES6 support is very easy to add with the babel-loader in webpack, while making ES6 to function in requirejs is a little bit of a battle.
Conclusion:
For all this, we decided to take the hit of converting a big application from requirejs to webpack, but I think it is the right thing to do and will undoubtedly pay off in the future.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Lake Madawaska
Lake Madawaska is the headpond of the Arnprior Generating Station (operated by Ontario Power Generation) near the town of Arnprior, Ontario. The lake was created in 1976 by a hydroelectric dam on the Madawaska River just before it joins the Ottawa River. | WIKI |
Liu Ji'en
Liu Ji'en, also known in historiography as Shaozhu of Northern Han , was the third emperor of China's Northern Han dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He ruled for 60 days in 968 before being killed.
Biography
Liu Ji'en, the son of the foot soldier Xue Zhao (薛釗), was originally surnamed Xue. Liu Chong, the Northern Han's founding emperor, married one of his daughters to Xue Zhao. Because Xue Zhao was a son-in-law, Liu Chong assumed personal command of him. Xue had no skills, so Liu fed and clothed him without employing him. Xue Zhao's wife often stayed with her father, Liu Chong, rarely seeing Xue. This made him discontent. While drunk, he stabbed her with his sword, injuring her, before killing himself. Liu's daughter later married into the He family, giving birth to Liu Jiyuan. After Liu's daughter and her husband had died, Liu instructed his son Liu Jun to adopt Liu Ji'en and Liu Jiyuan.
Once Liu Chengjun became emperor, Liu Ji'en was appointed metropolitan custodian (尹) of Taiyuan. Liu Chengjun once commented to his powerful chief minister Guo Wuwei that "Liu Ji'en is pure and filial, but he does not have the skills to save the age, and is unfit to manage family affairs, I fear." Guo did not respond. Later, as Liu Jun lay bedridden in the Qinzheng chambers (臥勤政閤), he summoned Guo Wuwei, and held his hand, entrusting future decisions to him. Liu Jun died in the July of 768. Liu Ji'en succeeded him, despite Liu Jun and Guo Wuwei's strong doubts about his ability to govern. Liu Ji'en had already been acting as regent since Liu Jun fell ill.
Liu Ji'en delayed his own accession to inform the Khitans of the mourning underway. The envoys sent by the Northern Han to the Liao court to inform them of the death of Liu Chengjun and the accession of Liu Ji'en arrived on 16 August 968. Emperor Muzong of Liao sent envoys to condole and sacrifice. Wearing a coarse outfit of mourning, he insisted on living in the Qinzheng chambers, while the officials that formerly served Liu Jun remained at the Taiyuan prefectural offices.
On 10 September, Emperor Taizu of Song ordered troops to gather at Luzhou (潞州) to prepare to invade the Northern Han. Two days later, he established the top command, with Li Jixun as Chief Administrative Officer of the Hedong Forward Army, Dang Jin as his second in command, and Cao Bin as his Director in Chief. He Jiyun (何繼筠) was made Administrator of the Vanguard and Kang Yanzhao (康延沼) his Director in Chief. Zhao Zan was made Administrator of the Fenzhou Route, Si Chao (司超) his second in command and Li Qianpu (李謙溥) his Director in Chief.
The attack reached as far as the Dongguo River, just outside the Northern Han capital of Taiyuan.
In September, Liu Ji'en summoned high officials and imperial family members for banquet. Afterwards, he went to the Qinzheng chambers to rest. That night, palace services official (供奉官) Hou Barong (侯霸榮) led more than ten men with daggers into the chamber, killing Liu Ji'en. When he was killed, Liu Ji'en was 34 years old and had ruled for only 60 days. Other men led by Guo Wuwei infiltrated the room using ladders and killed Hou Barong and his men. Guo Wuwei then installed Liu Jiyuan.
Two versions of the assassination are given in the Xu zizhi tongjian changbian. One states that Hou brought Liu Ji'en's head to Guo after killing him. The other states that Hou acted without direction. | WIKI |
User:Meadow wood murders
ℳ The Tragedy of Belle Haven ℳ
Meadow wood drive is a location in Belle Haven that was essentially used as a safe haven for African-American run away slaves, an area commonly referred to as the final stop of the underground railroad. The roots to the name of "Belle Haven" itself stems from the safe haven which was offered in this area to African American runaways. In its peak, Meadow wood drive hosted nearly 1,500 African American runaways from around the dates of 1843-1845. However tragedy struck in 1848 when this information leaked to the county that this location was illegally hosting run away slaves creating a response from the local community eliciting violence and chaos. This news fostered paranoia and resentment largely in part because of the fact that the community was taking part in illegal activities. Ultimately this hysteria brought the community to organize a mass lynching and mob. As a result of the secrecy of the organized mob lynching there is no specific date which can be pointed to in telling of which night this occurred. Nonetheless, this event was said to have murdered over 300 slaves through the means of lynching, shooting, and burning. Mothers, woman, and children were rounded up, placed and locked in the local barn in belle haven to then have the building burned. It is said that there were close to 200 woman and children placed in the barn. In this same area which is now closest located to 83 meadow wood drive a home was built using even some of the same decor that survived the terrible burning of over 200 women and children.
The house has been on the market since the mysterious death of Roger Williams in 1940 only to be taken off the market in 2017. Commonly referred to as "old man" Rogers he was considered by locals to be a hellish man and a recluse. His mysterious death was seen by locals as evidence in solidifying their views on the haunted and quite disturbing location. There have been reports in the area of seeing a hunched Old man (commonly refered to as Old man rogers himself) standing near the end of the driveway at this location only for the figure to disappear as onlookers approached it. However in recent years, adding to the ever-growing paranoia in the area, the most daunting aspect of the location is its involvement with the Martha Moxley murder of 1975. The tree where the body of Martha Moxly was found under is located just in the backyard of the home and is still there today. Some locals have even reported occasionally hearing screams from the location nearing the tree. The eerie atmosphere of this location prompted by the murders in the area is why the house has remained on the market for so long. Conclusively the location is a massive burial ground containing the ashes of hundreds of slaves, the location where Martha Moxley was found, and old man Rogers and is considered by locals to be utterly haunted. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 61 Part 3.djvu/459
2744 Lists of war mate- rial; storage; disposal. Maintenance of fa- cilities, etc. Manufacture, etc. , of war material. Italian merchant ships, etc. Inland transport and port equipment. UnitedNationsmer- chant ships, etc., in Italian hands. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS OTHER THAN TREATIES [61 STAT. or air and such other particulars as the United Nations may require in connection with the use of Italian bases, or with the operations, secur- ity, or welfare of the United Nations Land, Sea or Air Forces. Italian forces and equipment will be made available as required by the United Nations for the removal of the above mentioned obstacles. 11. The Italian Government will furnish forthwith lists of quan- tities of all war material showing the location of the same. Subject to such use as the Allied Commander-in-Chief may make of it, the war material will be placed in store under such control as he may direct. The ultimate disposal of war material will be prescribed by the United Nations. 12. There will be no destruction of nor damage to nor except as authorized or directed by the United Nations any removal of war material, wireless, radio location or meteorological stations, railroad, port or other installations or in general, public or private utilities or property of any kind, wherever situated, and the necessary main- tenance and repair will be the responsibility of the Italian authorities. 13. The manufacture, production and construction of war mate- rial and its import, export and transit is prohibited, except as directed by the United Nations. The Italian Government will comply with any directions given by the United Nations for the manufacture, pro- duction or construction and the import, export or transit of war material. 14. (A) All Italian merchant shipping and fishing and other craft, wherever they may be, and any constructed or completed during the period of the present instrument will be made available in good repair and in seaworthy condition by the competent Italian authori- ties at such places and for such purposes and periods as the United Nations may prescribe. Transfer to enemy or neutral flags is pro- hibited. Crews will remain on board pending further instructions regarding their continued employment or dispersal. Any existing options to repurchase or re-acquire or to resume control of Italian or former Italian vessels sold or otherwise transferred or chartered during the war will forthwith be exercised and the above provisions will apply to all such vessels and their crews. (B) All Italian inland transport and all port equipment will be held at the disposal of the United Nations for such purposes as they may direct. 15. United Nations merchant ships, fishing and other craft in Italian hands wherever they may be (including for this purpose those of any country which has broken off diplomatic relations with Italy) whether or not the title has been transferred as the result of prize court proceedings or otherwise, will be surrendered to the United Nations and will be assembled in ports to be specified by the United Nations for disposal as directed by them. The Italian Government will take all such steps as may be required to secure any necessary
� | WIKI |
Page:Canada Gazette vol. LXXIII no. 11.pdf/22
738 The Pearl Button Manufacturing Company of Canada Limited
UBLIC Notice is hereby given that under Part I of "The Companies Act, 1934," supplementary letters patent have been issued under the Seal oi the Secretary of State of Canada, bearing date the 9th day of August, 1939, amending and varying the provisions of the letters patent incorporating "The Pearl Button Manufacturing Company of Canada Limited." dated the twenty-third day of January, 1939, by adding thereto the private company clauses. and thereby converting the said company from a public company into a private company.
Dated at the office of the Secretary of State of Canada, this thirtieth day of August, 1939.
E. H. COLEMAN,
Under-Secretary of State.
11-1
APPLICATIONS TO PARLIAMENT
THE SENATE
Copies of the Rules of the Senate relating to Notices and Applications for Bills of Divorce may he had free upon application to the
Clerk of the Senate, Ottawa.
THE SENATE
Notice for Private Bills
107. All applications to Parliament for Private Bills of any nature whatsoever, shall be advertised by a notice published in the Canada Gazette. Such notice shall clearly and distinctly state the nature and object of the application and shall be signed by or on behalf of the applicants with the address of the party signing the same and when the application is for an Act of Incorporation the name of the proposed company shall be stated in the notice.
In addition to the notice in the Canada Gazette aforesaid a similar notice shall be given as follows:—
A. When the application is for an Act to incorporate.—
1. A Railway or Canal Company—In some leading newspaper published in the principal city, town or village in each county or district through which the proposed railway or canal is to be constructed.
2. A Telegraph or Telephone Company.—In a leading newspaper in the principal city or town in each Province or Territory in which the company proposes to operate.
3. A company for the construction of any works which in their construction or operations might specially sheet a particular locality or for obtaining any exclusive rights or privileges; or for doing any matter or thing which in its operation would affect the rights or property of others:—In a leading newspaper in the particular locality or localities which may be affected by the proposed Act.
4. A Banking Company: an Insurance Company; a Trust Company; a Loan Company, or an Industrial Company, without any exclusive powers:—In the Canada Gazette only.
5. And if the works of any company (incorporated or to be incorporated), are to be declared to be for the general advantages of Canada, such intention shall be specially mentioned in the notice and the applicants shall cause a copy of such notice, to be sent by registered letter to municipal corporations which may be specially affected by the construction or operation of such works and also to the Secretary of the Province in which such works are or may be located and proof of compliance with this requirement by the applicants shall be established by statutory declaration.
B. When the application is for the purpose of amending an existing Act.—
1. For an extension of any line of railway or of any canal, or of the construction of branches thereto the same mutatis mutandis as for an Act to incorporate a Railway or Canal Company.
2. For an extension of the time [or the construction or completion of any line of railway or of any canal or of any telegraph or telephone line or of any other works already authorised:—In a principal newspaper in the place where the head cities of the company is or is authorised to be.
3. For the extension of the powers of a company (when not involving the granting of any exclusive rights) or of the increase or reduction of the capital stock of any company. or for increasing or altering its bonding or other harrowing powers: or for any amendment which would in any way sheet the rights or interest of the shareholders or bond holders or creditors of the company:—In a principal newspaper in the place where the head office of the company is situated.
C. All such notices. whether inserted in the Canada Gazette or in a newspaper, shall be published at least once a week for a period of five consecutive weeks and when published in the Provinces of Quebec and Manitoba. shall be published in both the English and French languages; and marked copies of each issue of all newspapers containing any such notice shall be sent to the Clerk of the Senate endorsed "Private Bill Notice," or a statutory declaration as to the due publication may be sent in lieu thereof.
Every notice by registered letter shall be mailed in time to reach the Secretary of the Province and the Clerk of each County Council and municipal corporation not less than five weeks before the consideration of the petition by the Committee on Standing Orders and a statutory declaration establishing the fact of such mailing shall be sent to the Clerk of the Senate.
108. No petition praying for the incorporation of a Railway Company, or a Canal Company, or of an extension of the line of any existing or authorised railway or canal shall be considered by the Standing Orders Committee, until there has been filed with the Committee a map or plan showing the proposed location of the works, and each county or district through which the proposed railway or canal or any branch or extension thereof, is to be constructed.
109. Before any petition praying for leave to bring a Private Bill for the erection of a toll bridge is presented to the Senate. the person or persons intending to petition for such Bill shall, upon giving the notice prescribed by the preceding rules, at the same time and in the same manner, give notice of the rates which they intend to ask, the extent of the privilege. the height of the arches and the intervals between the abntmcnts or piers for the passage of rafts and vessels and shall also mention whether they intend to erect a drawbridge or not and the dimensions of the same.
110. No petition for any Private Bill (except a Bill of Divorce) is received by the Senate after the first four weeks of each Session nor may any Report of any Standing or Special Committee upon a Private Bill be received after the first six weeks of each Session.
114. Any person seeking to obtain a Private Bill shall deposit with the Clerk of the Senate. if it is intended that. the Bill shall originate in the Senate, a copy of such Bill in the English or French | WIKI |
Navigate the Supabase Admin Interface
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Published 5 months ago
Updated a month ago
Supabase's admin interface is where we can explore data, create new tables, and configure our project. In this lesson, we'll walk through the admin interface and the available options for your Supabase application.
We'll explore the following pages and their features
• Table Editor
• Authentication
• Storage
• SQL
• API
• Database
Kristian Freeman: [0:00] Just a couple of minutes after we created our project, you can see that I now have this tables page, which allows me to actually create data in my Supabase project. That's just one of many things you can do inside of this admin interface. Let's go and just look through everything and understand how it all works.
[0:18] First, our table editor is where we can look at the data in our project. Once you create a table and begin writing data to it, we can explore it here in the editor, and we can even make changes to it as much as we would like. The authentication section is where you can set up authentication for your project. You can also look at the currently created users for your project.
[0:38] You can see things like their provider, which is how they sign in, more on that a little bit later, as well as things like policies, which are kind of rule sets for your users, templates, which are the emails that get sent out to users when they are invited, when they reset their password or when they confirm their sign up.
[0:59] Then finally, we have the settings page, which is probably the most important section in this user category. It allows you to set up things like sign in with Google, GitHub, GitLab, etc. as well as where your website is hosted, disabling sign up and all other things here.
[1:15] One thing you might want to know is as you're walking through your Supabase project, especially when it comes time to auth, is that there is a log section down here at the bottom. This is super useful for understanding if something goes wrong, what is going wrong, and you may want to commit this to memory that this log section down here is super useful.
[1:33] The storage section is where you can manage storage for your project. If you've ever worked with Amazon S3, or anything like that, you can create a bucket which allows you to say handle image uploads, video uploads, or whatever else.
[1:47] The SQL section is a full-blown area for running and executing SQL against your Postgres database. You can do things like create a table and add a column. You can also search here for whatever queries you may have written in the past.
[2:02] You can see here if I click on this query1, which they made by default, I can execute queries here, and I can look at them here in the results section. If I just say, select* from, let's say, auth.users, and then I run it, you can see that it executes it, and it's a success, no rows returned.
[2:24] This is a great place too if you know SQL pretty well, kind of directly work with your data by using a SQL editor. The API section is an automatically generated set of documentation for your project that tells you how to interface with your data using Supabase's SDK.
[2:42] Anytime you make a change here, say adding a new table or updating data, this documentation section will stay up to date, which is super cool. You have your URL here, which is your actual API URL. We'll use that later on. Then you get things like an example for initializing a client. That will show you how to work with your Supabase API inside of a JavaScript project.
[3:06] As you might imagine, we will come back to this and use this code "wholesale" in our actual project. Our database section is a more detailed look at what the actual database that we have set up for our project is.
[3:20] Although you'll be creating your own tables for storing your public data, you can see that there are a bunch of different things created in the background as part of your auth schema, which is all of the data you need for doing authentication in your project.
[3:35] All of this is created for you by default. You won't have to spend too much time looking at this, but in case you're curious, you can come in here and dive into that. You also have roles. These are basically permission sets for your Postgres database.
[3:48] There are things like Postgres, which is the default one, Anon which is anonymous which is anonymous access to your database, and then other things like authenticated authenticator, dashboard user. Effectively, you can use these roles to gate what has access to different parts of your database.
[4:07] We won't get too much into that right now, but in case you're a SQL expert, it's just worth knowing that these roles exist. You can use them for more complex permission sets. Postgres is a very popular open source project. It has a ton of extensions, which are additions to the core Postgres functionality that you can use in your project.
[4:26] Some of these are already enabled by default, things like JSON Web Token support, UUID generation. There are a ton of other ones that you can go check out here in the extension section.
[4:38] These are things that might be useful for your particular project but aren't enabled by default, things, just to pick a random one, like a data type for case-insensitive character strings. That's the citext extension.
[4:50] There are a lot of different things here. It's great that they're included by default because you don't have to install them or anything like that. There's a lot of different things to check out here. Make sure to come look at this in case you want to build something. Maybe the extension you need is already included.
[5:05] The backup section will include a list of backups of your Postgres database. It'll create one every single day, so you can come back and check. Like it says, no backups created, and check again tomorrow.
[5:15] It's a good idea to come in here and pretty regularly download a backup and maybe put it in some backup solution like S3 or wherever you want to put it. In case something goes wrong with your database, you can always come with a backup and restore it to a good, well-known state that you can trust.
[5:35] The final section here is connection pooling. This is a way to have some configuration options for your Postgres database. You can say how the connections to your Postgres database get managed, how many connections can there be, and then, of course, the usual connection info.
[5:51] You can do things like provide an SSL cert, so when you make a connection directly to your database, you can know that it is a valid connection that should be given permission to your database as well as a full on connection string, which if you've ever used Postgres in the past, you can connect directly, say, from a Postgres client, or wherever else.
[6:11] The final section here is settings. There are a couple of things you need to know here. You can change your project name right here. This is just a client-facing project named here in the dashboard in case you end up having a bunch of projects.
[6:23] The database section, again, is pretty similar to the connection pooling. It gives you a connection string and some information about your database. Then also tells you a little bit about where your database is deployed. In this case, cloud provider AWS, region us-east-1.
[6:39] API has a couple pieces of information that we will need later on, our URL for connecting to our API, as well as some API keys. We have a public key here, JWT, secret number of Max rows, all kinds of stuff there. This auth settings here is a link back into the auth settings inside of our authentication category. We've already looked at this.
[7:03] Finally, billing and usage gives us a glimpse at the limits for Supabase inside of the free plan and helps us understand what we're running up against in terms of database space, number of users, authentication, confirmation emails, etc.
[7:18] It's worth mentioning that Superbase is open source. You can take this and deploy it yourself via GitHub. We'll look at that a little bit later on. In case you want to use the hosted version from Supabase, these are the limits that you need to be aware of. Though we definitely won't run into them here in this example project. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ubersitz
The Ubersitz is a traditional custom in Hasli, Bernese Oberland, Switzerland. On Christmas day, at nightfall, schoolboys begin with Treichlen, walking through the villages in small troops, sounding giant cow-bells. The following nights, the boys are joined, and later replaced, by adult men. The Trychling culminates on 30 December (or the last workday before that date), with the Ubersitz in Meiringen. On this day, the Treichler are carrying frightening masks (except for the people of Unterbach and Hasliberg who remain unmasked)
Meiringen
The Treichel group of Meiringen is the largest one, amounting up to nearly 200 people. They have cow bells and drums and are masked very variously from traditional masks to frightening monster masks. The group is accompanied by a "Huttefroueli" (an effigy of an old woman). The front 5 of the group are mostly masked the same. The group of Meiringen is known for their fast pace.
Willigen
The Treichel group of Willigen belongs to the 4 largest ones. Traditionally, only men are allowed to participate. They have cow bells and drums and are all masked as women or witches. The group of Willigen is accompanied by a "Huttefroueli" as well as a "Schnabelgeiss" (a tall monster with goat's horns and a beak).
Hausen
The Treichel group of Hausen belongs to the 4 largest one as well. They also have cow bells and drums and are masked variously, with focus on the traditional woman or witch mask. The group of Huasen is accompanied by a "Huttefroueli" and a "Schnabelgeiss"
Hasliberg
The Treichel group of Hasliberg is a coalition of all communities at the mountain "Hasliberg". They only come to Meiringen at the Ubersitz. They only have cow bells and always remain unmasked.
Unterbach
Unterbach is located a few kilometers away from Meiringen. However, the Treichel group of Unterbach comes to Meiringen every day of the "Altjahrswoche" including the Ubersitz. They have only cow bells and are dressed in traditional garbs.
Isenbolgen
Isenbolgen is a small quarter of Meiringen. The Treichel group of Isenbolgen belongs to the smallest ones. They have cow bells and larger drums than the other groups, but fewer. They wear masks made only out of natural components such as wood, plants or animal furs. The group is accompanied by two dwarfs and is known for their slow pace.
Innertkirchen
Innertkirchen is located behind a small mountain pass. The Treichel group of Innertkirchen only comes to Meiringen at the Morning after the Ubersitz's night. They have cow bells and similar drums as Isenbolgen. The front 5 of the group are mostly masked the same. They are accompanied by a big black "Schnabelgeiss".
Gadmen
Gadmen is located some kilometers away from Meiringen. The Treichel group of Gadmen only comes to Meiringen at the 29th of December. They only have cow bells and are usually all wearing the same white jumper. The group is known for their special pace.
Guttannen
Guttannen is also located some kilometers away from Meiringen. The Treichel group of Guttannen only comes to Meiringen at the 29th of December. They have cow bells and the same drums as the group of Innertkirchen. They are not specially dressed. | WIKI |
Bronx Girl Seen Kidnapped in Video Admits It Was a Hoax, Official Says
She told police she had set up the kidnapping because of her “overprotective” mother, an official said. The grainy black and white video showed a nightmarish scene in the Bronx. A mother and her 16-year-old daughter were walking down a quiet street on Monday night when two men appeared and dragged the teenager into a vehicle. New Yorkers were captivated for hours by the news on Tuesday, after an Amber Alert had been issued and video of the kidnapping spread online. At first, there was good news: The girl, Karol Sanchez, had been found, unharmed. Hours later, more disconcerting information surfaced: Karol confessed that it was all a hoax that stemmed from her difficult relationship with her mother, according to two police officials. Shortly after she was found on Tuesday afternoon, Karol was questioned by officers from the 40th Precinct, where she admitted to setting up the kidnapping and then was released to her family. During the interview, one police official said Karol described her mother as “overprotective.” The police are still determining whether she or the two men will face criminal charges. The official said the family had been contemplating a move to their native Honduras, but that Karol was adamant she wanted to remain in the United States, which could have motivated her to stage the kidnapping. Earlier on Tuesday morning, the police had released footage from a security camera near the scene and asked for the public’s help in solving the crime. The police said the mother and daughter were out for a stroll on Monday night in the Melrose section of the Bronx when the sedan, occupied by four men clad in black, stopped in front of 745 Eagle Avenue. Two of the men, believed to be in their 20s, then got out of the vehicle and snatched the teenager. When the mother tried to intervene, she was pushed to the ground, the police said. She was not seriously injured. Reached by phone before Karol’s reappearance, an aunt said her niece, who lives with her mother in Dutchess County, N.Y., was in town for an appointment. The aunt, Idalmy Martinez, 56, said the family was desperately looking for answers. “She is a very happy, calm person,” Ms. Martinez said. “She’s always with her mother. They are very close. She is always around us, her family.” The original details of the supposed kidnapping were so shocking that the Police Department’s chief of patrol, Fausto Pichardo, had asked the public for help identifying the men and locating Karol. “Have you seen Karol Sanchez?” Chief Pichardo said on Twitter on Tuesday morning. The police commissioner, Dermot Shea, also used Twitter to publicize the security camera video that captured the attack. A woman who said she lived in the area recalled hearing an older woman scream for nearly 10 minutes at around 11:30 p.m. on Monday. The woman, Breanna Faulkner, 29, said she went outside to check out what was happening and encountered Karol’s mother, who was sobbing and screaming. “It sounded like something out of a horror movie,” said Ms. Faulkner. The mother was speaking in Spanish, so Ms. Faulkner found a neighbor who could help translate. Eventually, Ms. Faulkner said, she called 911 and the police arrived about 30 minutes later. The police issued an Amber Alert on Tuesday morning, nearly 12 hours after Karol was abducted, which angered some officials. “Across our country and across the Bronx, across the city, black girls in particular are disappearing and no one seems to care,” the city’s public advocate, Jumaane Williams, told reporters. “We do want to know why the Amber Alert took so long.” He added: “I know for a fact, the type of response that often comes too often depends on what that person looks like. No more. We love our children. It shouldn’t take 11-12 hours for an Amber Alert.” Typically, in cases involving missing underage persons, local law enforcement agencies contact the New York State Police, who then issue an alert. It’s uncertain why in Karol’s case, the alert happened so much later after her disappearance. Beau Duffy, a director of public information with the New York State Police, said the New York Police Department requested an Amber Alert be sent out at around 9 a.m. An hour later an Amber Alert was widely spread. A local police department must determine that the minor abducted is in danger of being physically harmed, Mr. Duffy said. The news of Karol’s disappearance had come just days after the deadly stabbing of Tessa Majors, a white Barnard College freshman, had made national news. Ms. Majors was walking through Morningside Park in Manhattan last week when she was attacked by three people and stabbed several times, the police said. A 13-year-old boy implicated himself in the attack last week and is expected to face charges. The police said at least two other teenagers may have taken part in the crime. At the time that the kidnapping was made public, it seemed natural for New Yorkers to connect the two crimes against the two young women. Instead, the police are now trying to determine whether they’ll charge Karol with a crime. Rebecca Liebson contributed reporting. Susan C. Beachy contributed research. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
How the Volvo Your Concept Car Works
Convenient Technology
The Volvo YCC
The Volvo YCC
Photo courtesy Volvo Cars' Newsroom
Cars will soon have embedded technology to make them easier to operate. The YCC features several of these advanced technologies, which enable the car to adjust to your body type, assist with parallel parking, and open your car by sensing your presence near it. Let's take a look at these new technologies.
Ergovision
When you buy a YCC, your body is scanned at the dealership. Your proportions (height, leg length, and arm length) are used to define a customized driving position. This information is stored in your digital key. When you insert the key on the center console, the seat, steering wheel, pedals, driver's seat, head restraint and seat belt adjust automatically to give you the line-of-sight best suited for you. You can alter the custom settings, using the car's computer system and then save the new settings on your key.
The accelerator is equipped with an adjustable heel support.
Photo courtesy Volvo Cars' Newsroom
Autopark
Parallel parking assistance is a two-stage system. Press the parking assistance button to determine if there's enough room between two cars. Sensors measure the space. If there is enough space, press the Autopark button again. The car then helps you maneuver into the parking space, but you control the accelerator, brakes, and gear shifter. Toyota unveiled a similar technology in its 2003 Prius. Check out How Self-parking Cars Work to learn more about the technology.
Inside the YCC
Photo courtesy Volvo Cars' Newsroom
Auto-Open
If you have a lot of bags to carry to the car, press the Auto-Open button on your key ring prior to picking up the bags. As you stand by either rear wheel, the closest side door automatically opens. If you stand directly behind the car, the trunk opens.
Now let's meet the women responsible for designing the YCC.
More to Explore | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Carl Rossi, MD // Scripps Proton Therapy Center
BASICS OF PROTON THERAPY
Proton therapy for prostate cancer was first performed in 1977, long before the development of intensity modulated radiation (IMRT). Proton therapy first became clinically available in 1990. Proton therapy is a type of external beam radiation. However, unlike the commonly available type of x-ray therapy such as IMRT, SBRT (ex. Cyberknife), proton therapy utilizes subatomic particles (protons). Protons and x-rays have equal anticancer effects. The advantage of protons lies in their ability to reduce radiation exposure to the normal body tissues surrounding the prostate.
Protons interact with human tissue differently than x-rays. X-rays pass straight through the body with a substantial amount of radiation energy exiting out of the body. Everything within the path of the beam receives radiation. In contrast, protons deliver a low “entrance dose” (radiation dose to tissues in front of the target), place their highest dose within the target, and sharply limit exposure beyond the target. These unique physical properties are called the “Bragg Peak.” The Bragg Peak phenomenon is unique to proton therapy.
ENHANCED PROTON TECHNOLOGY
To date, the vast majority of prostate cancer patients who have been treated with proton therapy have been treated with passive-scatter proton therapy (PSPT). With PSPT, the proton beam is shaped by solid lead block which is manufactured and customized for each individual patient. The type of beam it creates completely covers the target volume with a uniform dose of radiation. However, with PSPT it is impossible to vary the radiation dose within the target area. So PSPT, for example, is unable to boost the dose to high-value target area or dose attenuate (minimize radiation) in adjacent normal structures. In addition, PSPT technology, due to limitations inherent to its lead-block methodology, is unable to treat larger target areas, such as the pelvic lymph nodes in the pelvis.
These limitations with PSPT have motivated the development of intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT). IMPT steers the proton beam to the target using electromagnetic forces. The proton dose is laid down throughout the target volume in a fashion analogous to a 3D printer manufacturing a complex solid object, with the protons typically being placed in layers that are approximately 1 millimeter thick. This ability to “paint” the proton dose makes
it possible to create differential radiation doses throughout the target volume, so that areas containing the greatest amount of tumor can receive substantially higher doses. IMPT is not constrained by field size limits as was PSPT, making it feasible to treat targets within the pelvis. Commencing in February 2014, the Scripps Proton Therapy Center in San Diego was the first facility in the United States to implement intensity-modulated proton treatment.
OPTIMAL TREATMENT PLANNING AND TARGETING
Multi-modality imaging enables the creation of a three-dimensional map of the target area. At Scripps, all prostate cancer patients undergo a thin-slice pelvic CT and a multi-parametric prostate MRI. The image sets are combined to create a composite, three-dimensional reconstruction of the prostate and pelvis. The addition of multi-parametric MRI has been a significant advance which has enabled us to target intra-prostate disease with a higher radiation dose. The planning session is performed with a rectal balloon, which stabilizes the prostate, and minimizes gland motion. All patients are treated on a six-degree-of-freedom robotic couch that can move in sub-millimeter increments. Patients are typically treated lying on their back.
Prior to entering the treatment room, each patient undergoes a daily bladder ultrasound to verify that a minimum amount of fluid is present within the bladder. The patient’s position is verified by performing a daily CT scan in the treatment room. A planning system then analyzes his position and commands the robotic treatment table to move in such a fashion as to match the original treatment plan developed at the patient’s first visit.
Typically, the “beam on” time is approx- imately 20–30 seconds per radiation field. The average time spent by the patient in the treatment room, including all of the above set-up and positioning, is less than 20 minutes. There are no restrictions placed on physical activity during treatment and most patients tolerate treatment with little if any difficulty.
A SHORTER COURSE OF TREATMENT
Historically, a course of proton therapy was administered over a 9-week period. At Scripps, our most common protocol requires 5 1/2 weeks to complete. During that time, the entire prostate receives a radiation dose equivalent to 80 Gray. The cancer itself is boosted an additional 10 Gray to a radiation dose equivalent of approximately 90 Gray.
CLINICAL RESULTS WITH IMPT
Since the availability of IMPT in the United States is very new, the number of IMPT-specific prostate publications remains limited. The largest study com- paring patients treated with IMPT and patients treated with PSPT concluded that the cure rates were identical (as might have been expected), however, there was a decrease in gastrointestinal toxicity (primarily rectal toxicity) favoring those patients treated with IMPT.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
IMPT technology is rapidly evolving with the primary advances being in more sophisticated planning and delivery systems. For example, we expect that within five years that patients will be able to be planned in “real time.” This means that the treatment plan can be adjusted as necessary on a daily basis to reflect any changes in tumor size or patient anatomy. In addition, there are a number of trials taking place which examine the feasibility of shortening the duration of treatment further. Hopefully, these efforts will prove successful which would permit a greater number of prostate patients to take ad- vantage of this technology.
Carl Rossi, MD, is a radiation oncologist specializing in proton beam therapy, specifically for prostate cancer and lymphomas. He is also the current medical director for the Scripps Proton Therapy Center in San Diego, California.
Carl Rossi, MD, is a radiation oncologist specializing in proton beam therapy, specifically for prostate cancer and lymphomas. He is also the current medical director for the Scripps Proton Therapy Center, which will provide treatment to target tumors with high control and precision. Dr. Rossi has a research focus on the quality of life and cure rate in prostate cancer and lymphoma treated with proton beam radiation.
Comment | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Thierryb14
Esophagysexual
Esophagysexual is where someone is attracted to someone else's throat or Uvula(the flesh that hangs down at the bottom of your throat).
Normally dentists are attracted to this but is also known to be brought to the fortnite community as they are weird. The drug LSD can also make it very attractive as weird shapes while cats smack their balls against it.
If you attempt to become Esophagysexual you need to go through a ritual: 1. Pee into a bucket hat and pour it over yourself. 2. Say Esophagysexual 1000 tomes without failing to train your Uvula 3. Sacrifice your moms tampon to the Holy Spirit. | WIKI |
Richard Tuin Richard Tuin - 1 year ago 255
Git Question
Unable to checkout git submodule path
I have a problem when working with git submodules.
Whenever i receive a new submodule reference from the upstream repository, executing
git submodule update
gives the following result:
fatal: reference is not a tree: dd208d46ecdd1ac0d2b2594a610fe4c9150fece1
Unable to checkout 'dd208d46ecdd1ac0d2b2594a610fe4c9150fece1' in submodule path 'submodule/path'
It is important to note that the submodule has several remotes, of which the upstream remote should be used to update the submodule reference tree. I'm guessing that my problem is there, but i am not sure.
My setup is the following:
Git project
Remotes:
1. origin
(my git fork)
2. upstream
(project repo)
Submodule "module", has remotes:
1. origin
(my git fork)
2. upstream
(project repo)
Does anyone know what is causing my problem?
Answer Source
When doing git submodule update, git tries to checkout the commit/tree which is saved in the super project (in your example, the one with commit id dd208d4...)
I think you get the error because within the submodule there no such object present. You have to make sure that it is there. Usually that means that you have to fetch/pull it from a remote first.
Probably you have to
git submodule foreach git fetch
git submodule update
or maybe
git fetch --recurse-submodules
Assuming, that the submodule is configured, so that it can fetch the missing commit from the remote origin. In the end, you must know, from where you can fetch the missing commit and you have to get it.
You could check, whether you have dd208d4... by doing something like:
cd ./module
git log dd208d46ecdd1ac0d2b2594a610fe4c9150fece1
git cat-file -p dd208d46ecdd1ac0d2b2594a610fe4c9150fece1
git ls-tree dd208d46ecdd1ac0d2b2594a610fe4c9150fece1
One possible cause for such a problem is, that the one who published the new commit from the super module, did not publish the necessary commits from the submodule. He has to publish the commits from the submodule first.
Recommended from our users: Dynamic Network Monitoring from WhatsUp Gold from IPSwitch. Free Download | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
When You Should Use Pre-Workout Supplements
When You Should Use Pre-Workout Supplements
There is a proper way to take pre-workout, and naturally, you want to get it right to supercharge your training. Unlike a protein supplement which you can consume at any time of day, it’s recommended you take a pre-workout 30 minutes before you hit the gym.
If you're a gym regular, you'll know why you use a pre-workout. It supplies your body with glucose, caffeine, and other ingredients that boost energy. So to enjoy their benefits, it makes sense that they have to be in your bloodstream before they're going to help you cruise through a challenging workout.
Does it matter if your timing is off, and you only manage to get it down the hatch right before you pick up your weights? Most of the active ingredients take between 30 minutes and an hour to hit your bloodstream. So, if you're sipping on your supplement in the locker room as your pre-fuelling plan, you need to rethink your strategy.
Want to know when you should take pre-workout? To optimize the effects of your supplement, let's look at the role of the ingredients. Also, the pros and cons of taking it ‘on time’, and other factors to consider, depending on your formula of choice
The Power of Protein
Let's look at the journey of pre-workout through your system. You swallow it, and it goes through your stomach. The small intestine absorbs the amino acids (proteins), and they move into your bloodstream. You don't get the effect until this point.
The nitric oxide (an essential amino) goes to your muscles to help create pump and vascularity. You can perform harder and stronger. The effects of pre-workout lasts in your body between three to six hours. If muscle support is the benefit of a supplement you’re focussing on, timing isn’t such an important factor.
You can take a stimulant-free pre-workout supplement as a versatile, anytime protein. Mix it into your breakfast plan to kick-start muscle protein synthesis or as a meal replacement or snack. You can use it before and after training or even as a nightcap to support muscle growth while you get some shuteye.
Weigh Up Your Body
While it’s recommended to take a pre supplement at least thirty minutes before you exercise, it's not an exact science. Our bodies are all different. Your metabolism, weight, fat-to-muscle ratio, gender, and how much food you have in your body will affect how long pre-workout takes to kick in.
Play around with the timing to experiment with what works best for you. You could even take it without eating for a couple of days before your workout to get a real sense of the time it takes to move from your mouth to your muscle tissue and bloodstream. This will help you find the timing sweet spot to get the best results.
The Caffeine Kick
Caffeine is a common hero product in pre-workout supplements. There are the physical benefits, with it clocking up a 1.5 to 5 percent increase in performance for athletes. It helps with bursts of activity, suppresses pain, and boosts neural transmissions, sharpening focus, mental alertness, and reaction time.
Although you may start to feel the buzzy effects of caffeine within 15 minutes of consuming it, it takes between 30 to 60 minutes for caffeine levels to peak in the body. When you're powering through heavy lifts, you want your caffeine levels to climax. Therefore the stimulating effect will peak too, exactly when you need that support to help you push through.
You don’t want the chemicals to only kick in when you’re getting to your fourth or fifth exercise.
If you're getting your sweats in during the morning, taking pre-workout during your pre-gym routine at home works out great, timing-wise. However, if you're on an after-work schedule, there's the matter of caffeine metabolization to factor in.
It takes between three and five hours for your body to reduce the concentration of caffeine in your system. Take it too late in the day, and you're possibly going to struggle to get to sleep until it's out of your system.
If you want to avoid building up a tolerance to the stimulants in your supplement, consider alternating the days when you take it or mix it up by alternating with stimulant-free options.
Muscling in On Power
What does a pre-workout do to your body? If you're on a mission to up your fitness routine to achieve your beast mode, you may choose a formula that offers a full house of benefits, including:
• Enhanced blood flow and energy
• Increased strength, power output, training endurance, and focus
• Reduced recovery time
A specialized pre-workout may contain ingredients like caffeine, calcium, niacin, creatine, beta-alanine, N-acetyl tyrosine, and Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA). You should take a supplement like this 15 to 30 minutes before exercise. However, some of the ingredients in pre-workout have a time sensitivity attached to them, like caffeine discussed above. Here are a few others…
NIACIN
Niacin (vitamin B3) causes the capillaries to expand in the body, leading to its signature buzzy ‘niacin flush’. Taking niacin immediately after a meal can reduce the flushing sensation. Timing your pre-workout supplement after you’ve had a snack can help if you’re building up your tolerance to niacin.
CREATINE
Lifters enjoy the muscle-building benefits of creatine. Taking creatine after your workout gives you the most edge. But the consensus is that you'll see the benefits whatever time you take it in a pre or post-workout supplement.
BETA-ALANINE
If you take beta-alanine before a workout, you benefit from an increased mental focus and nervous system response. You want to queue up that tingling feeling you may get from beta-alanine to enjoy the effects during your workout. In which case, you want it to enter your system 15 to 20 minutes before you start your sweat session.
GABA
GABA is very effective in inducing growth hormone production in the body. When taking GABA, growth hormone secretion peaks between 60 and 90 minutes, which is why it's beneficial to time your GABA intake about 30 minutes before training.
The Final Word
There’s more you need to know about when you should take pre-workout. You can delay your pre-workout for lengthier or more intense workouts and only take it about one hour into the workout. This strategy will help you prolong your endurance but remember not to overdo it.
Maximize the effects of your supplement now that you know when you should take a pre-workout
If you’re using a pre-workout that contains a stimulant like ProSupps, Mr. Hyde Signature, you’ll want to time your intake around when your caffeine levels climax.
Take some time to investigate the ingredients served up in pre-workouts and choose a pre-workout that helps you achieve your goals. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Yesh Doctor/sandbox
= M-Mode Ultrasound Imaging =
Introduction
M-mode (motion-mode) medical ultrasound (US) imaging displays successive A-mode ultrasound images as a single image by stitching these images together along the time axis. This creates an US “video” of sorts.
Typically, a B-mode ultrasound image is used first to properly position the ultrasound transducer. Many ultrasound systems allow for both the B-mode and M-mode images to be displayed simultaneously, with a dashed line across the B-mode image representing the axis of M-mode imaging (sometimes called the M-mode icepick).
M-mode US was initially developed as an examination and diagnostic tool for cardiac imaging by Edler and Hertz in 1953. M-mode is particularly useful for visualizing heart valve motion in real time. M-mode imaging is also used to measure abdominal muscle thickness during activity and diaphragm position. Due to its fast imaging speed and high frame rate, M-mode imaging can be critical in medical emergency applications where imaging time is limited; cases such as pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Signal Generation
An A-mode (amplitude-mode) image is generated by a single transducer element firing a pressure wave envelope into the skin. The tissue-reflected pressure envelope is converted into a voltage through a piezoelectric element. This signal is displayed as the amplitude of voltage vs. time, generating an A-mode image. A M-mode image is generated by repeatedly taking the same A-mode image over a period of time. The M-mode image has two axes: a time axis and a depth axis. The time axis is defined by the time at which each A-mode image is taken, where the maximum time is equivalent to $$Nt_0 $$ with $$N$$ being the total number of A-mode images and $$t_0 $$ being the time to take a single A-mode image. Each A-mode image becomes a column (row of data along the time axis) of the resultant M-mode image, where the amplitude of the voltage signal is the resulting brightness.
Imaging Depth
The imaging depth of an M-mode image can be controlled by changing the frequency of the ultrasound wave used. Generally speaking, the imaging depth is inversely related to the frequency of the ultrasound wave. Higher frequency waves are attenuated more easily, resulting in a shorter imaging depth. The following relationship describes the depth-dependent attenuation of ultrasound waves:$$A_z = A_0\exp(-\mu_az)$$Where $$A_{z} $$ is the resultant amplitude after traveling a depth $$z $$, $$A_{0} $$ is the initial amplitude, and $$\mu_{a} $$ is the amplitude attenuation factor (typically in Np/cm). This can be converted into a signal loss:$$L=-20log(\frac{A_z}{A_0})$$Where a loss $$L $$ of 80 dB is typical. Interpreting this as frequency-dependent attenuation: $$d_p=\frac{L}{2af}$$Where $$d_p $$ is the maximum imaging depth, $$f $$ is the frequency, and $$a $$ is a tissue specific attenuation factor. Typical $$a $$ values include 0.63 dB/cm*MHz for fat and 20 dB/cm*MHz for bone. From the above formula, it is clear that for the same loss and $$a $$, a higher frequency results in a smaller imaging depth. The type of tissue being imaged also plays a role in the maximum imaging depth. Bone is notoriously difficult to image due to an $$a $$ values around 40 dB/cm*MHz
Frame Rate
In order for successive ultrasound pulses (A-mode images) to be made, each successive pulse may only be made after all echoes from a previous pulse have died out. The time for this to occur is represented by $$T_R\geq \frac{2d_p}{c}$$where $$T_r $$ is the time between repeated images, $$d_p $$ is the maximum depth of wave penetration, and $$c$$ is the average speed of sound in the imaged material. A typical value used for $$c$$ is 1540 m/s. The upper bound on the frame rate at which successive images can be taken is given by $$f_r = \frac{1}{T_r} $$where $$f_r$$ is the frame rate.
Axial and Temporal Resolution
Along each column (A-mode image), the resolution of an M-mode ultrasound image is solely dictated by the axial resolution of the ultrasound system, as each image comprising the M-mode image is an A-mode image. The ultrasound transducer emits a wave envelope into the tissue, and the theoretical maximum resolution of the system is half of the spatial pulse length.
M-mode imaging has great temporal resolution due to imaging along a single axis. For example, consider taking an M-mode image of the mitral valve which would require a maximum imaging depth of ~6cm. This translates to a time per image of ~$$7.8*10^{-5} $$s, or a frame rate of ~ 12.8 kHz. Atrial fibrillation is likely the fastest phenomenon that will need to be recorded via M-mode imaging, and that occurs (at maximum) at ~400 bpm or ~7 Hz. M-mode imaging can provide excellent temporal resolution due to its high frame rate.
Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax, or a collapsed lung, is a phenomenon in which air enters the pocket between the pleural lining of the lung and the chest wall, compressing the lung. Pneumothorax is reliably diagnosable with X-ray projection radiography, however M-mode ultrasound can be a substitute. To diagnose pneumothorax, the ultrasound transducer probe is placed in either the second, third, or fourth intercostal space in the transverse position. Typically, the sonographer (ultrasound operator) will take a B-mode image to line up the A-mode images that will be used to create the M-mode image (ice pick). The A-mode image will cut across the chest wall, through the pleural line and into the lung.
Pneumothorax is typically indicated by a lack of movement in the lung due to a buildup of pressure in the chest cavity. The term "seashore sign" is used to describe a normal state, wherein the lung image appears fuzzy due to its motion up to the pleural line (a sandy beach), whereas the chest cavity appears striated and stagnant (the sea). The term "stratosphere sign" or "barcode sign" is typically used to described a diseased state, wherein both sides of the pleural line appear as clear striations. This is due to lung motion being restricted, leading to consistent imaging across time in the M-mode ultrasound creating a barcode like pattern on the resultant M-mode image. While a M-mode image is not a sure fire diagnostic technique for pneumothorax (as a similar image will be seen in the case of pleural effusion), the fast nature of M-mode imaging makes it useful to gather initial results.
Cardiac Tamponade
Cardiac tamponade is an exacerbation of a pericardial effusion to a stage of ventricular collapse. The pressure developed from fluid pooling in the pericardial cavity can cause excessive pressure on both the left and right ventricles during diastole, resulting in inadequate blood ejection during systole. A key hallmark of cardiac tamponade is right ventricular collapse while the mitral valve is open. To diagnose cardiac tamponade, the patient is instructed to lay on their back and an ultrasound transducer probe is placed such that a parasentral long axis view (PLAX) of the heart can be taken. This takes a side-view of the heart, where the A-mode ice pick cuts across the pericardium, right ventricle wall, inter-ventricular septum, mitral valve, and the left ventricle.
Taking M-mode images using a PLAX view shows how the right ventricle wall moves in relation to the mitral valve. Typically there should be little to no movement of the right ventricle. However, during cardiac tamponade the right ventricle wall tends to move with the mitral valve. This is because mitral valve opening is commensurate with diastole (right and left ventricular filling), and the pressure due to the pericardial effusion is compressing the right ventricle in while it is filling. Movement of the right ventricle free wall with the mitral valve is a strong indication of cardiac tamponade.
Left Ventricle Systolic Function
Mitral valve E-Point Septal Separation (EPSS) is a common diagnostic technique used to assess left ventricle health. During systole, the mitral valve creates two characteristic waves in its position; the E-wave (or early filling wave), and A-wave (atrial kick). These waves are predicated upon a pressure difference between the left atrium and ventricle. Poor left ventricular function leads to incomplete ejection of blood in the left ventricle, decreasing the pressure gradient between the left ventricle and atrium, increasing the distance between the mitral valve and inter-ventricular wall. EPSS measures the distance between the peak E-point and the inter-ventricular septum.
To take an EPSS measurement, the patient is placed in the same position as they would be for PLAX imaging (cardiac tamponade imaging). The physician can read the EPSS off the M-mode image as it provides a depth scale. An EPSS of <6mm is normal, 6-12 is a moderately diseased state, and >12mm is a severely diseased state.
Diaphragmatic Paralysis
A paralyzed diaphragm is due to weak phrenic nerve signaling to the diaphragm resulting in in the stagnation of diaphragm movement; symptoms include shortness of breath, lack of control over voluntary breathing, and hypoxia. Patients with diaphragmatic paralysis tend to require ventilators.
M-mode imaging has been used to diagnose both adults and children with diaphragmatic paralysis. Patients lay supine, while the ultrasound transducer is placed in the intercostal space along the anterior axillary line, with the diaphragm being ~90 degrees to the transducer head. Patients are informed to take a normal breath followed by a sniff. A normal diaphragm will show motion on the M-mode ultrasound whereas movement will be absent in the case of a paralyzed diaphragm.
Limitations
The primary limitation of M-mode imaging is that all images are effectively one dimensional (line images). M-mode gives no information about the larger biological context; it simply provides information along a single axis. Additionally, measured quantities from M-mode images are not perfectly representative of true distances, as an average speed of sound in the body is used to determine distance. Current ultrasound technology (hardware and software) has advanced to the point where B-mode imaging with doppler techniques can provide more accurate results. | WIKI |
Bhikkhu Bodhi
Bhikkhu Bodhi (born December 10, 1944), born Jeffrey Block, is an American Theravada Buddhist monk ordained in Sri Lanka. He teaches in the New York and New Jersey area. He was appointed the second president of the Buddhist Publication Society and has edited and authored several publications grounded in the Theravada Buddhist tradition.
Life
In 1944, Block was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Jewish parents. He grew up in Borough Park, where he attended elementary school P.S. 160. In 1966, he obtained a B.A. in philosophy from Brooklyn College. In 1972, he obtained a PhD in philosophy from Claremont Graduate University.
In 1967, while still a graduate student, Bodhi was ordained as a sāmaṇera (novice) in the Vietnamese Mahayana order. In 1972, after graduation, he traveled to Sri Lanka, where, under Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero, he received sāmaṇera ordination in the Theravada Order and, in 1973, received full ordination (upasampadā) as a Theravāda bhikkhu or monk.
In 1984, succeeding co-founder Nyanaponika Thera, Bodhi was appointed English-language editor of the Buddhist Publication Society (BPS, Sri Lanka). He became its president in 1988. In 2002, he retired from the society's editorship while still remaining president.
In 2000, at the United Nations' first official Vesak celebration, Bodhi gave the keynote address.
In 2002, after retiring as editor of BPS, Bodhi returned to the U.S. After living at Bodhi Monastery (Lafayette Township, New Jersey), he now lives and teaches at Chuang Yen Monastery (Carmel, New York), and as of May 2013 he has been the president of the Buddhist Association of the United States.
Bhikkhu Bodhi is founder of Buddhist Global Relief, an organization that funds projects to fight hunger and empower women across the world.
Works
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2009). The Revival of Bhikkhuni Ordination in the Theravada Tradition. Inward Path. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>-63-8
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2009). The Revival of Bhikkhuni Ordination in the Theravada Tradition. Inward Path. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>-63-8
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2009). The Revival of Bhikkhuni Ordination in the Theravada Tradition. Inward Path. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>-63-8
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2009). The Revival of Bhikkhuni Ordination in the Theravada Tradition. Inward Path. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>-63-8
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2009). The Revival of Bhikkhuni Ordination in the Theravada Tradition. Inward Path. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>-63-8
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2009). The Revival of Bhikkhuni Ordination in the Theravada Tradition. Inward Path. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>-63-8
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2023), Noble Truths, Noble Path: The Heart Essence of the Buddha's Original Teachings. Wisdom Publications.
Wheel Publications (BPS)
* Nourishing the Roots and Other Essays on Buddhist Ethics (WH259/260)
* Transcendental Dependent Arising (WH277/278)
* Going for Refuge; Taking the Precepts (WH282/284)
* Dana: The Practice of Giving (WH367/369)
* Maha Kaccana: Master of Doctrinal Exposition (WH405/406)
* Facing the Future: Four essays on the social relevance of Buddhism (WH438/440)
Bodhi Leaf Publications (BPS)
* Taste of Freedom (BL71)
* The Living Message of the Dhammapada (BL129)
* Discourses of the Ancient Nuns (BL143)
* The Good, the Beautiful, and the True (BL154) | WIKI |
Yeangder Heritage
The Yeangder Heritage was a golf tournament on the Asian Tour. It was played for the first time in April 2017 at the National Golf Country Club in Taipei, Taiwan. Prize money was US$300,000. The tournament is an upgrade of the Ambassador ADT tournament played on the Asian Development Tour in 2015 and 2016. | WIKI |
Hammer toe
Overview
Hammer toe is a foot condition where the toe bends downward at the middle joint, creating a hammer-like appearance. It can happen in any toe, but it most commonly affects the second or third toe. This condition can be caused by wearing tight shoes, toe injuries, or genetic factors. People with hammer toe may experience pain, swelling, or corns and calluses on the affected toe. Treatments for hammer toe include wearing shoes with roomy toe boxes, using orthotic inserts, doing toe exercises, or in severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the toe deformity.
Frequently asked questions
What is Hammer toe?
Hammer toe is a foot deformity that causes the toes to bend or curl downwards instead of pointing forward. It can affect any toe but is most common in the second and third toes.
What are the causes of Hammer toe?
Hammer toe can be caused by wearing ill-fitting shoes, toe injuries, muscle imbalances, and certain medical conditions like arthritis. Genetics can also play a role in the development of hammer toe.
What are the symptoms of Hammer toe?
Common symptoms of hammer toe include toe curling, pain or discomfort when wearing shoes, corns or calluses on the affected toes, and difficulty moving the toe joints.
How is Hammer toe diagnosed?
Diagnosis of hammer toe typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare provider. X-rays may also be taken to assess the severity of the condition and rule out other underlying causes.
What are the treatment options for Hammer toe?
Treatment for hammer toe may include wearing proper footwear, toe exercises, orthotic devices, splinting, or in severe cases, surgery to correct the toe deformity.
Is Hammer toe preventable?
While some risk factors for hammer toe, such as genetics, cannot be changed, wearing appropriate footwear, practicing toe exercises, and maintaining a healthy weight can help prevent or slow the progression of hammer toe.
Can Hammer toe lead to complications?
If left untreated, hammer toe can lead to corns, calluses, ulcers, and in severe cases, permanent deformity of the toe joints. It can also cause difficulty walking and wearing shoes comfortably.
Symptoms of Hammer toe
Hammer toe is when your toe gets stuck in an awkward position, looking like a hammer. You may feel pain and discomfort in the affected toe, especially when you try to move it. The toe may also become stiff and hard to bend properly, making it difficult to walk or wear shoes comfortably. Sometimes, corns and calluses can develop on the top of the toe or the ball of the foot, causing additional pain and irritation. If left untreated, hammer toe can lead to more serious foot problems like bunions or arthritis. It's important to seek medical advice if you notice any of these symptoms to prevent further complications.
How common is Hammer toe
Hammer toe is a foot deformity where the middle joint of the toe bends upwards, resembling a hammer. It can happen to anyone, but it's most common in older people. It often occurs when someone wears tight shoes or high heels for a long time. Sometimes, it can also be caused by genetics or certain medical conditions like arthritis. If left untreated, hammer toe can cause pain and discomfort when walking.
Surgery or special shoes can help fix hammer toe, but it's important to consult a doctor for the best treatment. Prevention is key, so wearing comfortable and properly fitting shoes can help avoid this condition. Regularly stretching the toes and feet can also be beneficial in preventing hammer toe. It's important to take care of our feet to keep them healthy and avoid issues like hammer toe in the future.
Causes of Hammer toe
Hammer toe is usually caused by wearing tight or ill-fitting shoes that force the toes into a bent position for long periods of time. High heels are a common culprit because they put a lot of pressure on the toes and force them into an unnatural position. In some cases, hammer toe can also be caused by a muscle imbalance in the foot that makes it difficult for the toes to straighten properly. This can be genetic or caused by conditions like arthritis or nerve damage. Over time, the constant bending of the toes can cause the joints to become stiff and rigid, leading to the development of hammer toe.
Who is affected by it
Hammer toe can affect anyone, but it is more commonly seen in women than men. People who wear tight shoes that squeeze the toes or high heels that force the toes into a bent position are more likely to develop hammer toe. It can also be caused by foot injuries, arthritis, or genetic conditions. Certain health issues such as diabetes or circulation problems can increase the risk of developing hammer toe. Overall, anyone with a family history of the condition or those who have poor foot mechanics are more prone to experiencing hammer toe.
Types of Hammer toe
Sure. There are three main types of hammer toe: flexible hammer toe, rigid hammer toe, and mallet toe.
Flexible hammer toe is when the toe can still be moved at the joint. This type usually develops gradually and is often caused by wearing shoes that are too tight. Rigid hammer toe, on the other hand, is when the toe becomes fixed in a bent position and cannot be straightened. This type is more severe and may require medical intervention to correct. Mallet toe is similar to hammer toe but affects the joint at the tip of the toe, causing it to curl downwards. It can be painful and make wearing shoes uncomfortable.
Diagnostic of Hammer toe
Doctors diagnose hammer toe by examining the toes and foot. They may ask about symptoms, such as pain or difficulty moving the toes. X-rays may be taken to see the bones in the foot and toes. The doctor may also check for any underlying conditions that may be causing the hammer toe, such as arthritis or nerve damage. By looking at all of these things together, the doctor can determine if someone has hammer toe.
Treatment of Hammer toe
Hammer toe can be treated in a few different ways. One common treatment is wearing special shoes with extra room for your toes. These shoes can help relieve the pressure on your toes and make them more comfortable. In some cases, a doctor may recommend custom orthotics or shoe inserts to help correct the positioning of your toes.
Another treatment option is toe exercises and stretches. These exercises can help to strengthen the muscles in your toes and improve their flexibility. Sometimes, a doctor may also recommend physical therapy to help with these exercises and to improve your overall foot function.
In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct a hammer toe. This surgery typically involves realigning the toe joints and removing any deformed or damaged tissue. It's important to talk to your doctor about the best treatment options for your specific situation.
Prognosis of treatment
When doctors treat hammer toe, they consider many things to understand how the person's toe will get better. They look at how bad the toe is and how well the person follows the treatment plan. Some people with hammer toe may need to use special shoes or pads to help. If the toe is very bad, surgery might be needed. It is important for the person to work closely with their doctor to get the best outcome.
The outcome of treating hammer toe can vary for each person. It's important to remember that everyone's body is different and may respond differently to treatment. By following the doctor's recommendations and being patient, a person with hammer toe can improve their condition and feel better over time.
Risk factors of Hammer toe
Hammer toe is caused by a few things. One of them is wearing tight shoes that squeeze your toes. When you wear shoes that don't fit well, your toes can get pushed into uncomfortable positions. Another risk factor is having a foot structure that is not normal. Sometimes, people are born with toes that are more likely to develop hammer toe. Lastly, if you have arthritis or other medical conditions that affect your feet, you may have a higher risk of getting hammer toe.
Complications of Hammer toe
Hammer toe is when a toe bends in an abnormal way at the middle joint, making it look like a hammer. This can cause pain, discomfort, and difficulty wearing shoes. If left untreated, hammer toe can lead to more serious complications. Some of these complications include corns and calluses forming on the top of the bent toe, causing pain and discomfort. In severe cases, the toe may become rigid and unable to straighten, leading to difficulty walking and balance issues. Additionally, the pressure from the bent toe rubbing against shoes can cause ulcers and infections to develop.
Prevention of Hammer toe
Hammer toe can happen when the muscles in your toes become imbalanced, causing your toe to bend abnormally. To prevent hammer toe, you can wear comfortable shoes that fit properly and have enough room for your toes to move. Avoid wearing shoes with high heels or narrow toe boxes as they can squish your toes and contribute to the development of hammer toe. You can also do exercises to stretch and strengthen your toe muscles, which can help prevent them from becoming imbalanced.
Maintaining a healthy weight is also important in preventing hammer toe as excess weight can put extra pressure on your toes. If you notice any early signs of hammer toe, such as pain or discomfort in your toes, it's important to seek help from a healthcare provider. They can provide you with guidance on how to manage your condition and prevent it from getting worse. Regularly checking your feet for any changes and taking quick action can help in preventing hammer toe from causing more serious problems in the future.
Living with Hammer toe
Living with hammer toe can be challenging. This condition causes one or more of your toes to bend abnormally, resembling a hammer. It can be painful and make it difficult to walk or wear certain types of shoes. Simple tasks like standing for long periods of time or walking long distances can become uncomfortable. In severe cases, surgery may be required to correct the deformity. It is important to wear comfortable shoes with plenty of room for your toes to prevent further pain and discomfort. Regularly stretching and exercising your toes can also help to alleviate some of the symptoms associated with hammer toe.
Epidemiology
Hammer toe is a condition where one or more toes bend abnormally at the joint closest to the foot. The exact cause of hammer toe is not always clear, but it can be linked to wearing ill-fitting shoes that are too tight or narrow. Other risk factors include having a family history of the condition, having arthritis or diabetes, or experiencing nerve damage in the feet.
Epidemiologists study hammer toe by looking at how common it is in different populations and how certain factors, like age or shoe choices, might affect the likelihood of developing the condition. By gathering and analyzing data on large groups of people, epidemiologists can better understand who is most at risk for hammer toe and what steps can be taken to prevent or manage it. Their research helps healthcare providers and public health officials make informed decisions on how to address and treat this common foot problem.
Research
Hammer toe is a condition where the toe bends downward at the middle joint, creating a hammer-like appearance. Researchers study hammer toe to understand why it happens, how to prevent it, and how to treat it effectively. They look at factors like genetics, muscle imbalance, and improper footwear as possible causes of hammer toe. By studying these factors, researchers hope to develop better treatment options and preventive measures for individuals with hammer toe.
Research on hammer toe also focuses on improving the quality of life for those affected by this condition. Scientists investigate the best ways to manage pain, improve mobility, and prevent complications associated with hammer toe. By conducting studies and clinical trials, researchers aim to find innovative solutions that can enhance the overall well-being of individuals with hammer toe. These efforts contribute to advancing our understanding of this condition and developing more effective strategies to support those living with hammer toe.
History of Hammer toe
Hammer toe is when a toe bends or curls downward instead of pointing straight. It can be caused by wearing tight shoes, genetics, or certain foot injuries. In the past, people with hammer toe might have experienced discomfort and difficulty walking. Treatments like wearing special shoes, using orthotic devices, or doing exercises could have been used to help ease the symptoms. Over time, surgical options may have become available for severe cases of hammer toe. It is important to seek medical advice if you suspect you have hammer toe to prevent further discomfort and complications in the future.
Similar Posts | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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