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Talk:Relationship between the Romanian Orthodox Church and the Iron Guard
A Chronological Approach ?
There is a fair amount of recent research available and I'll keep adding material over the following weeks. I'm considering re-organizing the article along the lines of a chronological approach rather then the hybrid thematic/chronological structure it has now... Any feedback is more than welcome. Plinul cel tanar (talk) 07:44, 28 June 2021 (UTC)
A note on Boldeanu
I based the account of Boldeanu's rise in the Parisian émigré community on two academic secondary sources of indisputable reliability: Shapiro and Popa. But the story is much longer, much deeper and has ramifications I'm not comfortable presenting right now because I feel it would entail either original research on my part or use of sources I judge unreliable. Thus I'm leaving a note for future editors of this article.
The first thing the article doesn't say is that Puiu and Boldeanu did not get hold of the Church of the Archangels (the oldest Romanian Orthodox church in Paris and a symbol of prestige) without resistance, they had to fight for it in court. Interestingly (with respect to the article's focus), at some point a legionnaire commando descended in the church and stripped a rival priest of his vestments. I chose not to include this event in the article because I would either have to use primary sources (hence conduct original research), use sources close to the Church which I judge unfit or use legionary sources which any sane editor would judge unfit.
More importantly, Boldeanu's victory in court against the French League Against Antisemitism (LICA - future LICRA) in 1975 should be in the article. It's important and I might get back to this myself but for the time being I'm not comfortable with the sources. I would prefer to rely on an academic source rather than the French press of the time or Church hagiography.
Finally, Boldeanu's name resurfaced in the press as late as 1980 after an émigré Iron Guard summit meeting in Madrid. If I had any formal proof this article was indeed written by historian Matei Cazacu I would probably use it (even as a self-published memorial account). It does read like something Cazacu would have written but, again, it is hosted on a blog I judge as unfit for wikipedia (and not belonging to Cazacu himself). Thus I won't include it (even as an external link). Plinul cel tanar (talk) 06:46, 13 July 2021 (UTC)
State of the article July 15, 2021
I've expanded the article and won't make anymore substantial improvements in the next couple of weeks. I might nonetheless adapt the header, hunt for typos or try to smooth the narrative here and there. I do plan to tackle the following issues sometime in August or later this year. The post 1989 section could be improved but it's something I'm not particularly fond of. Will nonetheless do it sometime in the future if no other volunteers exist, however writing an article dedicated to the Prison saints phenomenon should be a priority.
* Elaborate on Predania. This is interesting since it is both an example of the Church trying to influence Legionary ideology (push for anti-Catholicism/Protestantism) and an example of grassroots vs. central leadership (both for the Church and the Legion).
* Clarify and elaborate on Crainic. Crainic eventually chose LANC over the Legion in the 30s which makes the topic rather delicate. However he was immensely influential and deserves better coverage.
* Try to elaborate on how the Church and (Orthodox) Christianity was seen from within the Legion, rather than merely pointing out connections and narrating events.
* In relation to the previous comment, also try to include some general conclusions on the relationship. In its present state the article has quite a narrative form.
Additional remarks: Plinul cel tanar (talk) 15:47, 15 July 2021 (UTC)
* I tried to rely exclusively on academic sources from scholars of international standing, given how divisive this topic is in Romania. The only exceptions are Fati, which I cite essentially because her newspaper article brings forth some details of an event already described by Popa, and an official statement of the Romanian Patriarchate from 2019. A consequence of this is quality over quantity, some recent instances of elements of the Church associating with the far right were certainly overlooked.
* Important comment. This article is meant to follow the dynamics of the relationship between the Romanian Orthodox Church and the Legionary movement (Iron Guard). It's not meant to cover antisemitism in the Orthodox Church (I plan to do a separate article on that), nationalism in the Orthodox Church or the Church's role in the Holocaust. I do believe it is important to stay true to this in the future.
State of the article October 12, 2021
I've addressed the issues listed above. Obviously the article may still be improved but I'd rather work a bit on articles about the individual clergymen connected to the Legion to avoid the tendency of pooling up information here. Plinul cel tanar (talk) 13:37, 12 October 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
(White Man) In Hammersmith Palais
"(White Man) In Hammersmith Palais" is a song by the English punk rock band the Clash. It was originally released as a 7-inch single, with the b-side "The Prisoner", on 16 June 1978 through CBS Records.
Produced by The Clash and engineered by Simon Humphries, the song was recorded for (but not included on) the group's second studio album Give 'Em Enough Rope; it was later featured on the American version of their debut studio album The Clash between the single version of "White Riot" and "London's Burning".
Inspiration and composition
The song showed considerable musical and lyrical maturity for the band at the time. Compared with their other early singles, it is stylistically more in line with their version of Junior Murvin's "Police and Thieves" as the powerful guitar intro of "(White Man) In Hammersmith Palais" descends into a slower ska rhythm, and was disorienting to a lot of the fans who had grown used to their earlier work. “The music is a mixture of the reggae influence and punk, and was the next step after Police And Thieves” (Mick Jones, The Clash). "We were a big fat riff group", Joe Strummer noted in the Clash's film Westway to the World. "We weren't supposed to do something like that."
"(White Man) In Hammersmith Palais" starts by recounting an all-night reggae "showcase" night at the Hammersmith Palais in Shepherd's Bush Road, London, that was attended by Joe Strummer, Don Letts and roadie Roadent, and was headlined by Dillinger, Leroy Smart and Delroy Wilson. Strummer was disappointed and disillusioned that these performances had been more "pop" and "lightweight" similar to Ken Boothe's brand of reggae, using Four Tops-like dance routines, and that the acts had been "performances" rather than the "roots rock rebel[lion]" that he had been hoping for.
The song then moves away from the disappointing concert to address various other themes, nearly all relating to the state of the United Kingdom at the time. The song first gives an anti-violence message, then addresses the state of "wealth distribution" in the UK, promotes unity between black and white youths of the country before moving on to address the state of the British punk rock scene in 1978 which was becoming more mainstream.
Included is a jibe at unnamed groups who wear Burton suits. In an NME article at the time, Strummer said this was targeted at the power pop fad hyped by journalists as the next big thing in 1978. The lyric concludes that the new groups are in it only for money and fame.
The final lines refer to right wing politics, noting sardonically that things were getting to the point where even Adolf Hitler could expect to be sent a limousine if he “flew in today”.
The single was issued in June 1978 with four different colour sleeves – blue, green, yellow and pink.
This song was one of Joe Strummer's favourites. He continued to play it live with his new band the Mescaleros and it was played at his funeral.
The song is used in the 2017 film T2 Trainspotting.
Critical reception
"(White Man) In Hammersmith Palais" helped the Clash assert themselves as a more versatile band musically and politically than many of their peers, and it broke the exciting but limiting punk mould that had been established by the Sex Pistols; from now on the Clash would be "the thinking man's yobs".
The song immediately became a firm favourite of Clash fans. In the 1978 NME end of year readers poll it was voted the single of the year. It was number 7 in John Peel’s Festive Fifty in 1978, voted by listeners to the show.
“The song remains the ultimate embodiment of everything that was so great about the group” (Kris Needs, Zigzag magazine). “Maybe the greatest record ever written by white men” (Alan McGee, Creation Records).
Robert Christgau recommended the single in his Consumer Guide published by The Village Voice on 4 September 1978, and described the song as "a must". Denise Sullivan of AllMusic wrote that "(White Man) In Hammersmith Palais" "may have actually been the first song to merge punk and reggae." Consequence of Sound described it as "one of Strummer’s greatest lyrical compositions".
The song was ranked at No. 8 among the top "Tracks of the Year" for 1978 by NME. In 2004, Rolling Stone rated the song as No. 430 in its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In December 2003, the British music magazine Uncut ranked the song No. 1 on their "The Clash's 30 best songs" list. The list was chosen by a panel including former band members Terry Chimes, Mick Jones, and Paul Simonon In 2015, the Guardian ranked it No. 2 on Dave Simpson's "The Clash: 10 of the best" list, and in 2020 it appeared in the number one position in Simpson's list of "The Clash's 40 greatest songs – ranked!" Stereogum ranked it No. 4 on their "The 10 Best Clash Songs" list.
Track listing
All tracks written by Joe Strummer/Mick Jones.
* 7" vinyl
* 1) "(White Man) In Hammersmith Palais" – 4:00
* 2) "The Prisoner" – 2:59
"(White Man) In Hammersmith Palais"
* Joe Strummer – lead vocals, piano
* Mick Jones – backing vocals, lead guitar, harmonica
* Paul Simonon – bass guitar
* Topper Headon – drums
"The Prisoner"
* Mick Jones – lead vocals, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar
* Joe Strummer – backing vocals, lead guitar, rhythm guitar
* Paul Simonon – bass guitar
* Topper Headon – drums
Cover versions
Fighting Gravity covered the song on their 1999 live double album Hello Cleveland. In that same year, 311 contributed their rendition of the song to the charity album Burning London: The Clash Tribute. | WIKI |
How to customize your Android phone's screen orientation with Rotation manager
How to customize your Android phone's screen orientation with Rotation manager
When it comes to how your smartphone or tablet handles rotation, the device is usually left to care about that on its own. For the majority of the time, that's perfectly fine. But sometimes, you'd rather have an app automatically go into landscape mode when you turn your device. Or maybe you'd like it to stop doing just that? For the times where you need more control over your device's rotation, an orientation manager like Pranav Pandey's Rotation really comes in handy. Grab it from the Google Play store and we'll show you how to use this incredibly complete tool to adjust global rotation, micro-manage the rotation of specific apps or your lockscreen, and use the rotate on demand feature.
Adjust global orientation
When you first open the app, you will be greeted by its lengthy Tutorial section. But don't go on studying it right away. The tutorials are best used as a handy reference for what all those icons mean and do. Close the tutorial tab and head to the three bar menu in the upper left corner. Tap "Toggle Rotation service" and you will start the app's resident rotation engine. This is where you'll find two of its most valuable pieces of functionality - the Global orientation settings, and the Rotate on demand feature.
To get a sense of what Global orientation does for smartphones, tap "Forced Auto-Rotate", go back to your home-screen, and rotate your phone into landscape mode. It wasn't supposed to be able to do that out of the box, was it? Meanwhile, the "reverse portrait" and "reverse landscape" settings are really good for pranking someone or whatever else your imagination can come up with.
Rotate on demand
This feature is positioned right below Global orientation. When you activate it, it will place a special shortcut in either your notifications drawer, or inside a floating head that you can access anywhere and position freely on the display. The first setting puts a shortcut to open the Rotation app and lets you press the Quick notification button to quickly choose a new rotation mode.
The second setting is, arguably, cooler! The floating head allows four shortcuts - Single tap to change foreground orientation; Double tap to change global orientation; Drag the head to get a shortcut panel with Stop service or Open settings buttons; And Long press and drag to change the head's position. Such a little circle, so much control.
Per-app settings
Rotation's per-app settings menu is super simple to use. It's found in the three bar menu to the upper left. Find the app you want to modify and tap on it. You'll be brought to the menu that let's you choose the rotation mode. Tap on the mode that best suits your needs, and the setting will be automatically remembered. When you install some new apps on your device, make sure to hit the Refresh button to the upper right so Rotation knows to address them.
Rotation settings
Finally, let's take a look at the ways in which you can customize Rotation manager itself. In the Settings menu, you can toggle Start on boot on or off; Automatically close (or not) Rotation when global orientation mode is changed; Toggle vibration when orientation changes on or off; Specify the lockscreen, phone call, and charging orientation. These are the more important features we landed on. In the "Advance settings" tab, you can choose a different notification action; Adjust the vibration length; Change the Rotation manager's color theme, and switch toast messages (those little alerts that pop up in a rectangle box) on or off. Finally, you can set yourself up with a widget that displays rotation mode toggles on a homescreen of your choice.
And this concludes our little introduction to Rotation manager. Before we let you go, we ought to note that the app is free, but it will revert to a restricted set of functionality after seven days of trial usage. To make up for that, there are no ads or other annoyances in it. Props to Mr. Pandey for coming up with such a professional, polished app!
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FCC OKs Cingular's purchase of AT&T Wireless | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How to remove /wp or other folder name in URL when searching for your website?
1. Login to cPanel and go to File Manager.
2. On the right side under File Manager, click Settings and check "Show Hidden Files (dotfiles)" and click Save.
• This must be enabled for you to check the .htaccess which must be edited in order to complete the task.
3. Go to public_html or where the web files are but not inside the folder in where your Wordpress files.(sample Wordpress file: wp-config.php) Please check this link for your reference(https://prnt.sc/im4x8e)
4. To add a file, on the upper left side under File Manager, click "File" to add an index.php and click "create new file". Repeat the process for the .htaccess file if there is none.
5. To add the default code for index.php, press right click on your mouse to index.php file, click Edit and once the loading page is done, click the Edit again.
6. Input the following code which is the default for index.php and save once done. Note: if the name of the folder is not "wp", just replace it with the correct folder name.
<?php
/**
* Front to the WordPress application. This file doesn't do anything, but loads
* wp-blog-header.php which does and tells WordPress to load the theme.
*
* @package WordPress
*/
/**
* Tells WordPress to load the WordPress theme and output it.
*
* @var bool
*/
define('WP_USE_THEMES', true);
/** Loads the WordPress Environment and Template */
require( dirname( __FILE__ ) . '/wp/wp-blog-header.php' );
7. Now, input the following code for the default .htaccess and save once done.
# BEGIN WordPress
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
</IfModule>
# END WordPress
8. After inputting those codes to index.php and .htaccess, open the folder where the Wordpress files are. Please check this link for a sample.(https://prnt.sc/im4yx9) Note: in this case, it is under wp folder.
9. Repeat the step 6 but instead of adding, you can add the "/wp" before "/wp-blog-header.php" or you can also delete it and copy the code on step 6.
10. For .htaccess inside the wp folder, you must replace it with the following code and save.
# BEGIN WordPress
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /wp/
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /wp/index.php [L]
</IfModule>
# END WordPress
11. The last step is removing the link for home URL set in General Settings. Instead of http://yourdomain.com/wp it must be http://yourdomain.com Note: please check this link for reference.(https://prnt.sc/im542g)
12. It can also be done under PHPMYADMIN which where the database can be managed. But you must at least a basic knowledge of it before taking actions.
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QJE
QJE may refer to:
* Quarterly Journal of Economics, a peer-reviewed academic journal for the Harvard University Department of Economics
* QJE, the ICAO code for National Jet Systems, Australia | WIKI |
List of Hollyoaks Later episodes
Below is a list of episodes of the British television series of Hollyoaks Later, which aired originally on E4 with a repeat on Channel 4
The first series of Hollyoaks Later was originally named Late Night Hollyoaks and first broadcast five episodes over the course of the week beginning 24 November 2008 and ending on 28. It was produced by Lucy Allan, who succeeded Bryan Kirkwood as the Hollyoaks producer in 2009. The series fared well in the ratings and in 2009, a second series was commissioned and broadcast over five nights beginning on 28 September 2009. The second series was produced by Bryan Kirkwood. A third series was soon commissioned and began broadcasting over five nights on the week of 25 October 2010. The third series was produced by Paul Marquess. On 4 March 2011 Channel 4 had commissioned a fourth series due to be broadcast during five nights a week in Autumn 2011. In May 2012, it was announced Hollyoaks Later would be returning for a fifth series. | WIKI |
Page:Moods (Alcott).djvu/205
of Sylvia's first acts when she rose was most significant. She shook down her abundant hair, carefully arranged a part in thick curls over cheeks and forehead, gathered the rest into its usual coil, and said to herself, as she surveyed her face half hidden in the shining cloud—
"It looks very sentimental, and I hate the weakness that drives me to it, but it must be done, because my face is such a traitor. Poor Geoffrey! he said I was no actress; I am learning fast."
Why every faculty seemed sharpened, every object assumed an unwonted interest, and that quiet hour possessed an excitement that made her own room and countenance look strange to her, she would not ask herself, as she paused on the threshold of the door to ascertain if her guests were stirring. Nothing was heard but the sound of regular footfalls on the walk before the door, and with an expression of relief she slowly went down. Moor was taking his morning walk bareheaded in the sun. Usually Sylvia ran to join him, but now she stood musing on the steps, until he saw and came to her. As he offered the flower always ready for her, he said smiling—
"Did the play last night so captivate you, that you go back to the curls, because you cannot keep the braids?" | WIKI |
Talk:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/Schedule 2
It is interesting to note:
Jesus warned man from taking oaths or swearing affirmations. However when you deconstruct whats going on, it is not man that is taking an oath it is the legal fiction or the 'person' that is in fact taking the oath.
Persons and Man are not one and the same. | WIKI |
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Dental Crown Essentials: Everything You Need to Know for a Successful Restoration
Dental Crown Essentials: Everything You Need to Know for a Successful Restoration
A stitch in time saves nine; this is especially true when restoring damaged teeth. Dental crowns, often called caps, are a popular treatment for teeth that have experienced trauma, decay, or fracture.
This article will provide an overview of dental crowns, including the types, benefits, preparation, and aftercare. We will also explore alternatives for those not suited for a dental crown.
By understanding the essentials of dental crowns, individuals can make an informed decision for the best possible outcome.
What is a Dental Crown?
A dental crown is a restoration placed over an existing tooth to improve its shape, size, strength, or appearance. Dental crowns, or caps, are permanent restorations created to fit snugly over the natural tooth. Several types of crowns are available, including ceramic crowns, metal crowns, and composite resin crowns. Each type has its advantages and drawbacks, and the type of crown chosen will depend on the condition of the tooth and the patient’s needs.
Ceramic crowns are often used to restore teeth that are decayed, broken, or misshapen. They are made of porcelain which has the appearance of natural teeth, making them a good choice for front teeth. Metal crowns are usually made of gold, palladium, or a combination of metals. Metal crowns are strong and durable and are an ideal choice for molars. Composite resin crowns are made of a composite material that is strong and durable and can be matched to the shade of the patient’s natural teeth.
No matter which type of crown is chosen, the crown must fit securely and comfortably on the tooth. The dentist will inspect the tooth to ensure the crown fits properly. Once placed, the crown must be maintained with regular brushing, flossing, and regular dental check-ups. Dental crowns can last for many years with proper care and maintenance.
Types of Dental Crowns
Different types of crowns exist, which can be used for various restorative purposes. Temporary crowns are specially designed to protect a tooth while a permanent crown is being made. Dental implants, bridges, and crowns are often employed for permanent restorations. The dental crown procedure typically begins with the removal of any decay in the tooth before the placement of the crown. Stainless steel crowns are often used to restore a primary tooth and are not visible when smiling. Additionally, root canal therapy may be necessary before a permanent crown is placed.
Zirconia or all-ceramic crowns are popular for their aesthetic appeal and strength. These crowns are suitable for front and back teeth and look natural. Gold crowns are also available and often used for molars due to their durability. Porcelain crowns are relatively strong and can be matched to the colour of natural teeth.
The patient’s dental health and preferences should be considered when selecting a crown. The dentist will advise on the type of crown that is best for the patient’s needs. The dental restoration process can be lengthy, but a successful outcome can be achieved with proper preparation and the right type of crown.
Benefits of Dental Crowns
Dental crowns can provide a range of patient benefits, from restoring a damaged tooth to improving oral health. For those who have experienced deep decay, root canal treatment, or a broken tooth, a custom crown can be a great way to restore the natural tooth structure. Dental crowns can also provide a long-term solution to dental issues requiring more than one dental visit, such as cracked or severely worn-down teeth.
By creating a custom crown to cover the tooth, dental professionals can protect against further damage and ensure proper care. Digital impressions can be taken to create a custom crown that fits the exact size and shape of the tooth. This allows for a more accurate restoration, providing a seamless look that blends in with the natural teeth.
The following are just some of the many benefits that dental crowns can provide:
1. Durability: Dental crowns are made from a strong and durable material, such as porcelain or metal, that can withstand daily wear and tear. A dental crown can last up to 15 years with proper care and regular dental visits.
2. Improved Oral Health: Dental crowns can help to protect against further damage to the tooth and can also help to improve overall oral hygiene. Covering the tooth with a crown protects against extensive decay or bacteria build-up.
3. Aesthetics: A custom crown can be matched to the shade of the natural teeth, creating a seamless look that blends in with the rest of the smile. Proper dental cement makes a dental crown look and feel just like a natural tooth.
Dental crowns can provide a variety of benefits for patients, from restoring a damaged tooth to improving oral health. With the proper care and regular dental visits, a dental crown can create a long-lasting and aesthetically pleasing restoration.
Preparing for a Dental Crown
Preparing for a dental crown procedure requires a detailed understanding of the process to achieve a successful restoration. Patients with weak teeth, damaged teeth, discoloured teeth, or a loose crown may be candidates for a dental crown. Before the procedure, the entire tooth is prepared, and a digital scanner is used to create a tooth-shaped cap known as a crown. Afterwards, the crown is placed over the tooth to protect it and restore its original appearance and function.
In some cases, same-day crowns are available using a high-tech resin crown. This process requires minimal preparation and a strong bond between the crown and the tooth. However, patients with severely damaged teeth may need a root canal before a crown is placed.
Patients must understand the importance of preparing for a dental crown procedure to ensure the best outcome. Taking the time to learn about the process and what to expect will help ensure that the crown is placed properly and that the tooth is protected and restored to its original state. With proper preparation and the right dental professional, a successful restoration is achievable.
Alternatives to Crowns
Alternative treatments to dental crowns may be available depending on the tooth’s extent of damage. In some cases, a person who has an allergic reaction to the materials used to make metallic crowns may be able to find an alternative tooth-shaped cap that is made of a different material. Additionally, people who have gum disease may be able to find a dental impression that helps to prevent sticky foods from getting stuck in their prepared teeth.
In other cases, a person may be able to find an alternative to crowns to reduce the risk of infection. This may include options such as a dental bridge or veneer. Dental bridges are constructed with two crowns on either side of the gap in the teeth and a false tooth in the middle. Veneers are thin shells of tooth-coloured material bonded to the front of the teeth to cover discoloured teeth.
Finally, a person may be able to find other alternatives to crowns, such as dental implants or composite fillings. Dental implants are titanium posts surgically implanted into the jawbone to replace missing teeth. Composite fillings are also an option for people looking for an alternative to crowns. These fillings are made of a mixture of composite resin and plastic material.
Altogether, there are a variety of alternatives to crowns that may be suitable for a person depending on the extent of damage to the tooth. Discussing these options with a dentist and determining which one is best for the individual situation is important.
Dental Crown Aftercare
Proper aftercare of a dental crown is essential for successful restoration. To ensure optimal crown longevity, it is important to adhere to the instructions provided by a professional dentist.
Following are four essential aftercare tips for dental crowns:
1. Avoid Chewing Hard Foods: When wearing a dental crown, it is important to avoid chewing hard foods such as hard candy, ice cubes, or other hard substances. This can cause damage to both the crown and the natural tooth structure beneath it.
2. Practice Good Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential for healthy teeth and gums. Follow your dental professional’s instructions to ensure that your dental crown remains strong and healthy for years to come.
3. Be Mindful of Tooth Shape: When wearing a dental crown, the tooth’s shape may change due to chewing forces. It is important to be mindful of the tooth’s shape and contact your dental professional if the shape begins to change.
4. Choose High-Quality Materials: When selecting materials for a dental crown, it is important to choose high-quality materials such as metal alloys or gold alloys, which are more resistant to wear and tear than natural enamel. Professional dentists can help to ensure that the crown is restored with materials that are best suited for the patient’s needs.
Key Takeaways
Dental crowns are a great way to restore a tooth’s shape, size, and strength. They can also improve the appearance of a tooth, as well as protect it from further damage. Successful restoration is within reach with the right preparation, the right kind of crown, and proper aftercare.
But how long will a dental crown last? With proper care and regular dental visits, a crown can last for many years. Asking the right questions and working with a qualified dental team is essential for a successful dental crown restoration.
At Butler Dental in Butler, WA, we provide comprehensive dental care with the goal of helping you achieve long-lasting dental crown restoration. Our team of experienced Dentists in Butler is dedicated to helping you achieve the best possible results. From the initial consultation to the final checkup, we take the time to ensure that your crown is placed correctly and will last for years to come. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help you achieve your smile goals. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Daredevil (Lev Gleason Publications)
"References" vs. "External links"
The reason I've changed "External links" back to "References" comes from these sections of Cite_sources, quoted verbatim below. (Please note in Item 2 below that the italics are theirs, and not inserted by me.) Thanks!
1)
* Complete citations in a "References" section
* Complete citations, also called "references," are collected at the end of the article under a ==References== heading. Under this heading, list the comprehensive reference information as a bulleted (*) list, one bullet per reference work.
2)
* External links/Further reading
* The ==External links== or ==Further reading== section is placed after the references section, and offers books, articles, and links to websites related to the topic that might be of interest to the reader, but which have not been used as sources for the article. Where there is a references section, editors may prefer to call the external links section "further reading," because the references section may also contain external links, and the further reading section may contain items that are not online.
So sources used to write an article go under "References", and other helpful citations go under "External links" if they're linkable and "Further reading" if they're not online. — Tenebrae 14:43, 21 February 2006 (UTC)
Better picture?
Is a better picture available? From the comic cover shown, I can guess but can't tell for certain which character is Daredevil. Shoester 02:45, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
* That's a good point. This cover is an historically important one, so it should also stay, but I'll look for a superherobox-type image.--Tenebrae 02:54, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
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1. Bryan O'Sullivan
2. mysql
Commits
Bryan O'Sullivan committed 1759329
Seek and tell, commit and rollback.
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• Parent commits 13adc8a
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Files changed (3)
File Database/MySQL.hs
View file
• Ignore whitespace
, Result
, Field
, Type(..)
+ , Row
, MySQLError(errFunction, errNumber, errMessage)
-- * Connection management
, connect
, useResult
, fetchRow
, fetchFields
+ , dataSeek
+ , rowSeek
+ , rowTell
-- ** Multiple results
, nextResult
+ -- * Transactions
+ , commit
+ , rollback
-- * General information
, clientInfo
, clientVersion
peekArray resFields =<< resFetchFields ptr
fetchFields EmptyResult{..} = return []
+newtype Row = Row MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET
+
+dataSeek :: Result -> Int64 -> IO ()
+dataSeek res row = withRes "dataSeek" res $ \ptr ->
+ mysql_data_seek ptr (fromIntegral row)
+
+rowTell :: Result -> IO Row
+rowTell res = withRes "rowTell" res $ \ptr ->
+ Row <$> mysql_row_tell ptr
+
+rowSeek :: Result -> Row -> IO Row
+rowSeek res (Row row) = withRes "rowSeek" res $ \ptr ->
+ Row <$> mysql_row_seek ptr row
+
nextResult :: Connection -> IO Bool
nextResult conn = withConn conn $ \ptr -> do
i <- withRTSSignalsBlocked $ mysql_next_result ptr
-1 -> return False
_ -> connectionError "nextResult" conn
+commit :: Connection -> IO ()
+commit conn = withConn conn $ \ptr ->
+ mysql_commit ptr >>= check "commit" conn
+
+rollback :: Connection -> IO ()
+rollback conn = withConn conn $ \ptr ->
+ mysql_rollback ptr >>= check "rollback" conn
+
escape :: Connection -> ByteString -> IO ByteString
escape conn bs = withConn conn $ \ptr ->
unsafeUseAsCStringLen bs $ \(p,l) ->
File Database/MySQL/C.hsc
View file
• Ignore whitespace
, mysql_free_result
, mysql_fetch_fields
, mysql_fetch_fields_nonblock
+ , mysql_data_seek
+ , mysql_row_seek
+ , mysql_row_tell
-- ** Multiple results
, mysql_next_result
+ -- * Transactions
+ , mysql_commit
+ , mysql_rollback
-- * General information
, mysql_get_client_info
, mysql_get_client_version
foreign import ccall safe "mysql.h mysql_fetch_fields" mysql_fetch_fields_nonblock
:: Ptr MYSQL_RES -> IO (Ptr Field)
+foreign import ccall safe mysql_data_seek
+ :: Ptr MYSQL_RES -> CULLong -> IO ()
+
+foreign import ccall safe mysql_row_seek
+ :: Ptr MYSQL_RES -> MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET -> IO MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET
+
+foreign import ccall safe mysql_row_tell
+ :: Ptr MYSQL_RES -> IO MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET
+
foreign import ccall unsafe mysql_next_result
:: Ptr MYSQL -> IO CInt
+foreign import ccall unsafe mysql_commit
+ :: Ptr MYSQL -> IO MyBool
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe mysql_rollback
+ :: Ptr MYSQL -> IO MyBool
+
foreign import ccall unsafe mysql_fetch_row
:: Ptr MYSQL_RES -> IO MYSQL_ROW
File Database/MySQL/Types.hsc
View file
• Ignore whitespace
, MYSQL
, MYSQL_RES
, MYSQL_ROW
+ , MYSQL_ROWS
+ , MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET
, MyBool
-- * Field flags
, hasAllFlags
data MYSQL
data MYSQL_RES
+data MYSQL_ROWS
type MYSQL_ROW = Ptr (Ptr CChar)
+type MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET = Ptr MYSQL_ROWS
type MyBool = CChar
-- | Column types supported by MySQL. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:A History of Mathematics (1893).djvu/321
Göttingen, where he became intimate with Gauss, then nineteen years old. Gauss used to say that Bolyai was the only man who fully understood his views on the metaphysics of mathematics. Bolyai became professor at the Reformed College of Maros-Vásárhely, where for forty-seven years he had for his pupils most of the present professors of Transylvania. The first publications of this remarkable genius were dramas and poetry. Clad in old-time planter's garb, he was truly original in his private life as well as in his mode of thinking. He was extremely modest. No monument, said he, should stand over his grave, only an apple-tree, in memory of the three apples; the two of Eve and Paris, which made hell out of earth, and that of Newton, which elevated the earth again into the circle of heavenly bodies.[64] His son, Johann Bolyai (1802–1860), was educated for the army, and distinguished himself as a profound mathematician, an impassioned violin-player, and an expert fencer. He once accepted the challenge of thirteen officers on condition that after each duel he might play a piece on his violin, and he vanquished them all.
The chief mathematical work of Wolfgang Bolyai appeared in two volumes, 1832–1833, entitled Tentamen juventutem studiosam in elementa matheseos puræ…introducendi. It is followed by an appendix composed by his son Johann on The Science Absolute of Space. Its twenty-six pages make the name of Johann Bolyai immortal. He published nothing else, but he left behind one thousand pages of manuscript which have never been read by a competent mathematician! His father seems to have been the only person in Hungary who really appreciated the merits of his son's work. For thirty-five years this appendix, as also Lobatchewsky's researches, remained in almost entire oblivion. Finally Richard Baltzer of the University of Giessen, in 1867, called attention to the wonderful researches. Johann Bolyai's Science Absolute of | WIKI |
[Crim. No. 14458.
Second Dist., Div. Five.
Apr. 22, 1969.]
THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. ROBERT H. TOULSON, Defendant and Appellant.
Henry V. Cleary for Defendant and Appellant.
A. L. Wirin, Fred Okrand, Laurence R. Sperber, Boyd S. Lemon and Jane R. Brady as Amici Curiae on behalf of Defendant and Appellant.
Thomas C. Lynch, Attorney General, William E. James, Assistant Attorney General, and Mark L. Christiansen, Deputy Attorney General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
STEPHENS, Acting P. J.
Defendant Robert H. Toulson was convicted of illegal possession of marijuana. (Health & Saf. Code, § 11580) by a court sitting without a jury. He appeals from the order granting him probation. (Pen. Code, §1237.)
Facts
On December 26, 1966, two uniformed and armed Los Angeles City police officers, Jobe and Jenkins, were on duty, and at about 5:30 p.m., went to a hotel at 258 West Eighth Street in San Pedro. Officer Jobe had previously received information from a confidential informant that defendant had narcotics in his possession.* Defendant was known to be living at the hotel, in room 213. At the time he first saw the officers, defendant was in the hallway outside his room, some 60 feet away. He saw them walking up the stairs to the second floor. Defendant was then talking to the landlady at the hotel desk at the front of the hotel and on the second floor, some 15 feet from the stairs. When the officers arrived on the second floor, they observed defendant in the hallway, walking from the front of the hotel and from the area of the stairs leading from the first floor, toward his room. He was some 25 or 30 feet from the room. The door of room 213 was open and the officers were at the door, but had not entered. Persons other than defendant were observed by Officer Jobe in the hotel, and Jobe had walked past some of them in getting to room 213. As defendant approached, Jobe asked him if he was Robert Toulson, and he said he was. Defendant, in response to a question, stated that room 213 was his room. This conversation was had while all three persons, Jobe, Jenkins, and defendant, were in the hallway. Jobe asked defendant “. . . if we [the officers] may come inside and talk to him.” Defendant said, “Yes.” All three entered the room. No statement of reason for the requested conversation had been made by Jobe before they entered the room. After the three men were inside the room, Jobe told defendant that he had information that defendant had narcotics, that he was selling narcotics, and that he might have some in his room. Defendant said this was not true. Jobe asked if he might search the room. Defendant said, “Yes, I want to tell you that I have some Darvon capsules in the room here, but I have a prescription for them.” Jobe said, “. . . if this was all the narcotics he had, that [he, Jobe] was not concerned with the Darvon capsules.” Defendant then said, “Well, go ahead and search,” or “Then you may go ahead and search. ’ ’
As Jobe then walked toward the dresser, defendant "reached over on top of the dresser and grabbed this sandwich bag which was rolled up. He grabbed it in his right hand and put it down by his side.” Defendant was asked what he had there, and he replied, "... something someone had left in the room.” Jobe said, "Let me see it,” and defendant handed it to him. Defendant was placed under arrest after he had handed the bag and its contents to Jobe. The wax sandwich bag was opened by Jobe and was seen to contain three hand-rolled cigarettes. Expert testimony established that the cigarettes contained marijuana. Zig-Zag cigarette papers were found in the pocket of defendant’s trousers and in his dresser drawer.
Defendant raises three contentions on this appeal: (1) the evidence failed to show knowledge by defendant of the narcotic nature of that which he possessed; (2) the commitment of defendant was illegal; (3) defendant should have been apprised of his constitutional rights concerning search and seizure before his consent to search could be deemed voluntary and effective.
An amici curiae brief was also filed making the contention in behalf of defendant that " [t]he search of appellant’s room and the seizure of the marijuana were illegal and the judgment should be reversed because the United States and California Constitutions require that prior to any search without a warrant the officer must warn the suspect of his constitutional right to refuse permission for the search. ’ ’
In answer to the first contention, it is well established that to justify a conviction of unlawful possession of marijuana, the prosecution must prove actual or constructive possession by defendant and knowledge of its presence and narcotic character. (People v. Powell, 236 Cal.App.2d 881 [46 Cal.Rptr. 415]; People v. Birch, 190 Cal.App.2d 647 [12 Cal.Rptr. 122]; People v. Amos, 190 Cal.App.2d 384 [11 Cal.Rptr. 834].) However, these essential facts may be proved by circumstantial evidence and reasonable inferences which may be drawn from such evidence. (People v. Prescott, 257 Cal.App. 2d 843 [65 Cal.Rptr. 366] ; People v. Schumacher, 256 Cal. App.2d 858 [64 Cal.Rptr. 494] ; People v. Rosales, 226 Cal. App.2d 588 [38 Cal.Rptr. 329].) Defendant’s conduct may be sufficient to show his knowing possession of a narcotic.
(People v. Villanueva, 220 Cal.App.2d 443 [33 Cal.Rptr. 811]; People v. Baltazar, 159 Cal.App.2d 595 [323 P.2d 1062].) Defendant’s statement of his occupancy of the hotel room coupled with his conduct of grabbing the wax sandwich bag containing marijuana and attempting to conceal the bag from the officers are sufficient to show defendant’s knowledgeable possession of contraband. (People v. Rightnour, 243 Cal.App.2d 663 [52 Cal.Rptr. 654]; People v. Trujillo, 183 Cal.App.2d 388 [6 Cal.Rptr. 535].)
Defendant’s next contention, that his commitment was illegal, is without merit. The correlative issue raised by defendant and amici curiae of whether defendant must be apprised of his constitutional rights concerning search and seizure before consent to search is sought is not applicable, because under the facts there was no true search dependent on consent. Hence, it is not considered. (See People v. Henry, 65 Cal.2d 842, 846 [56 Cal.Rptr. 485, 423 P.2d 557].) Based on information received from a reliable informant, the officers went to defendant’s hotel room. The door was open. Defendant was 25 to 30 feet away, down the hallway. He walked away from the stairs leading to the floor below. He was under no conceivable compulsion to confront the officers. Defendant, by his own choice, approached the officers, admitted his identity, admitted that he was the occupant of the room, and consented to the officers’ entry. To hold that such action is not free and voluntary would effectively hold that officers in uniform could not interview without formalized legal warnings when persons approach them Whether consent to enter was given voluntarily or in acquiescence to implied assertion of authority is ordinarily a factual determination to be made by the trial court. (People v. Michael, 45 Cal.2d 751, 753 [290 P.2d 852]: "Whether in a particular case an apparent consent was in fact voluntarily given or was in submission to an express or implied assertion of authority, is a question of fact to be determined in the light of all the circumstances.” See also Castaneda v. Superior Court, 59 Cal.2d 439, 442 [30 Cal.Rptr. 1, 380 P.2d 641]; People v. Bustamonte, 270 Cal.App.2d 648, 652 [76 Cal.Rptr. 17]; People v. Linke, 265 Cal.App.2d 297, 311-312 [71 Cal.Rptr. 371].) We cannot conceive, under the circumstances here existent, any reasonable question as to the lawfulness of the officers’ entry, or that permission to do so was not voluntarily given. (People v. Ortiz, 210 Cal.App.2d 489, 498 [26 Cal.Rptr. 677]; People v. Cunningham, 188 Cal.App.2d 606, 609 [10 Cal.Rptr. 604]; People v. Howard, 166 Cal.App.2d 638, 651 [334 P.2d 105].) We concur in the trial court’s conclusion. In any event, “Where substantial evidence supports a preliminary finding by the trial court and the implied ultimate finding . . . that a voluntary consent has been given, a reviewing court must accept consent freely given as a fact proven.” (People v. Bilderbach, 62 Cal.2d 757, 762-763 [44 Cal.Rptr. 313, 401 P.2d 921]; People v. Linke, supra, 265 Cal.App.2d 297 at p. 311; People v. Roberts, 246 Cal.App. 2d 715, 727 [55 Cal.Rptr. 62]; People v. Jackson, 191 Cal. App.2d 296, 300 [12 Cal.Rptr. 748].)
Following defendant’s statement, “Well, go ahead and search,” and as the officer approached a dresser, defendant grabbed the wax sandwich bag and held it down by his side. This conduct provided the officers with adequate probable cause to arrest defendant, in light of the reliable informant’s assertions of narcotics aetivMy. The totality of the record justifies the conclusion (obviously reached by the trial court) that the officer, with 19 years of police experience, and in the process of investigating a narcotics complaint, had reason to suspect that defendant was then in possession of narcotics. Defendant’s attempt to surreptitiously conceal the wax bag constitituted furtive conduct, which is reasonably taken into consideration. (People v. Reyes, 206 Cal.App.2d 337 [23 Cal.Rptr. 705]; People v. Wiley, 162 Cal.App.2d 836 [328 P.2d 823]; People v. Barnett, 156 Cal.App.2d 803 [320 P.2d 128].) The officers’ preliminary request to see the sandwich bag, readily acceded to by defendant prior to his arrest, does not vitiate the legality of his arrest. (People v. Pettyjohn, 172 Cal.App.2d 188 [342 P.2d 416].) The wax bag was in plain and open view, and it is well established that officers need not blind themselves to that which is clearly observable. (People v. Marshall, 69 Cal.2d 51, 56 [69 Cal.Rptr. 585, 442 P.2d 665]; People v. Roberts, 47 Cal.2d 374, 379 [303 P.2d 721]; People v. Superior Court, 261 Cal.App.2d 687, 689 [68 Cal.Rptr. 281].) This was not a search. (People v. Bouchard, 161 Cal.App.2d 302, 305 [326 P.2d 646]; People v. West, 144 Cal.App.2d 214, 219 [300 P.2d 729].) Probable cause to arrest defendant existed prior to the officer’s examination of the contents of the wax bag. The discovery and seizure of the marijuana violated no rights of defendant. (People v. Davis, 235 Cal.App.2d 214, 222 [45 Cal.Rptr. 297].) As was said in People v. Michael, supra, 45 Cal.2d 751, 754: “. . . to hold as a matter of law that the evidence was produced in response to an unlawful assertion of authority would seriously hamper officers in the reasonable performance of their duties. Thus, it is not unreasonable for officers to seek interviews with suspects or witnesses or to call upon them at their homes for such purposes. Such inquiries, although courteously made and not accompanied with any assertion of a right to enter or search or secure answers, would permit the criminal to defeat his prosecution by voluntarily revealing all of the evidence against him and then contending that he acted only in response to an implied assertion of unlawful authority. ’ ’
The judgment is affirmed.
Peppy, J., concurred.
AISO, J.
—I respectfully dissent. The People seek to justify an entry, a search, a seizure, and an arrest—all without a search or arrest warrant—and the ensuing conviction upon the theory that defendant consented to the entry, search, and seizure and thereby waived his Fourth Amendment rights. The record, in my opinion, fails to reflect the type of inquiry, required by minimal due process, as to whether defendant’s apparent consent was in fact and in law freely and intelligently given. Nor does the record show that the People have sustained their burden in proving a justification for proceeding without a warrant in this case. The majority opinion, furthermore, sets forth no reason why in arriving at the disposition it reaches, it need not consider whether a defendant must be first advised of his rights under the Fourth Amendment, in the manner now required under the Fifth (right against self-incrimination) and the Sixth (right to counsel) Amendments, before an effective consent may be found.
I.
Since we deal with a federal constitutional question (Mapp v. Ohio (1961) 367 U.S. 643 [6 L.Ed.2d 1081, 81 S.Ct. 1684, 84 A.L.R.2d 933]), which necessitates a review of a constitutional fact upon the entire record (see, e.g., Jacobollis v. Ohio (1964) 378 U.S. 184, 187-190 [12 L.Ed.2d 793, 797-799, 84 S.Ct. 1676]; Zeitlin v. Arnebergh (1963) 59 Cal.2d 901, 909-910 [31 Cal.Rptr. 800, 383 P.2d 152, 10 A.L.R.3d 707]) for reasons which will be discussed more fully later, a summary of the evidence is set forth rather than facts interpreted in favor of the People.
The evidence consisted only of the transcript of the preliminary examination, the exhibits received at that hearing, and defendant’s brief testimony at trial controverting only that part of the officer’s testimony that defendant had reached the door way of his room when the officers entered. He testified that he was still 60 feet away. He also testified that the officers were in unif orm and armed.
Officer Jobe was the People’s sole witness, who testified at the preliminary hearing but not at the trial. His testimony was as follows: He was a ‘1 Police Officer for the City of Los Angeles, assigned to Harbor Division," on December 26, 1966. Upon receiving information from a confidential informant that “defendant had in his possession narcotics," he went to defendant’s room, No. 213, in a hotel located at 528 West 8th Street, in the County of Los Angeles, about 5 :30 p.m. on December 26,1966. He was in -uniform.
Jobe and his partner officer, Jenkins, walked up the stairway to the second floor. He observed defendant in the hallway about 25 or 30 feet away, walking from the front of the hotel towards his room. He and his partner were standing at the doorway of defendant’s room, which was open, when he first observed defendant. Neither he nor his partner entered defendant’s room before defendant had reached it.
Upon seeing defendant, Jobe asked, “if he was Robert Toulson and he said that he was." Jobe asked him if the room was his. By then “we were at the doorway to room 213 and the doorway was open." Defendant replied that it was. Jobe asked defendant “if we [Jobe and partner officer] may come inside and talk to him" or “if we might step into his room and he said, ‘Yes, you may’ ” or “Yes.” There were other people in the hallway but not close enough to hear their conversation.
On cross-examination, he was asked, “Q. You did not then advise him why you wanted to talk to him?” His answer was: “Nol until I got inside.” (Italics added.) Asked, “Did you tell the defendant why you wanted to enter his room?” he replied, “Not before I entered, no.” (Italics added.) “We stepped inside the room and I informed him that I had received information that he had narcotics in his possession, also that my information was that there was narcotics in the room. I asked him if this was true and he said no. ’ ’ On cross-examination he was asked, “After you were inside, what was it that you said to him?” Jobe replied, “I told him that I had information that he had narcotics, that he was selling narcotics and that he might have some in his room. I asked him if this was true. . . . He said that it wasn’t. ”
Then Jobe said, “Would you mind if we looked over your room? [ ]T ] He said, ‘Well, no, I don’t mind, but first of all I would like to tell you that I have some pills here which are Darvon and these I have from a prescription. ’[]]"] I told him that I wasn’t concerned with the Darvon pills and he said, ‘Then you may go ahead and search.’ ” (Italics added.) On cross-examination his testimony was: ‘ ‘ Then I asked him if I might search the room. . . . He said, ‘Yes,’ but first he said, ‘I want to tell you that I have some Darvon capsules in the room here, but that I have a prescription for them. ’ . . . After he told me that he had these capsules, I told him that if this was all the narcotics that he had, that I was not concerned with the Darvon capsules. . . . Then he says, ‘Well, go ahead and search. ’ ” (Italics added.)
On direct examination by the prosecutor, Jobe testified as to the next incident as follows;
Q. Did anything happen before you started to search the roomí [Italics added.] A. Yes. Q. Would you tell us what that was? A. The defendant reached on top of the dresser and grabbed a wax bag which was laying [sic] on top of the dresser. I asked him, I said, ‘What is that there?’ He said, ‘H must have been something somebody left in the room. ’ So 1 saj^s, ÍLet’s see it,’ and he handed it to me. I opened the wax bag and there were three hand-rolled.cigarettes inside the wax bag. ,Q. Was-this before-or after you asked his permission to search his room? A. This was after. ”
On cross-examination the testimony in this particular was:
“A. Then he says, ‘Well, go ahead and search.’ Q. And then what happened ? A. Then as I walked toward the dresser he reached over on top of the dresser and grabbed this sandwich bag which was rolled up. . . . Q. What then did you do ? A. I asked him what he had there. Q. To which he responded what? A. He said something someone had left in the room. Q. Then what happened? A. I said, ‘Let me see it,’ and he handed it to me. ’ ’
The officer also found a package of Zig-Zag cigarette papers in defendant’s right front trouser pocket, and another package in the top drawer of the dresser.
The following testimony, objection, and ruling of the magistrate on cross-examination is also recorded: “ Q. [By Defense Counsel] In addition to the wax-paper bag, did you discover anything else of a narcotic nature ? A. Yes, I did. Q. What ? A. In a traveling ease which was in the little washroom and closet area there, there were several marijuana seeds in the bottom of this traveling bag. Q. How long have you been on the narcotic cases, Officer ? A. I have been a Policeman for nineteen and a half years. I would say about, perhaps, nineteen years. Q. Have you any degree in Chemistry or Horticulture ? A. No, I do not. [Defense Counsel] : I move that the witness’ testimony on marijuana seeds be stricken as being a conclusion and being uncalled for. The Court : It may go out. ’ ’
Jobe arrested defendant “after [he] received the wax-paper bag from the defendant.” He did not have either a search or arrest warrant. Defendant did not ask whether he had a search warrant. Defendant was “transported ... to Harbor Station where he was arrested” and the evidence (sandwich bag and contents and cigarette papers) “were booked as evidence. ’ ’
In addition to Officer Jobe’s testimony, it was stipulated that a qualified forensic chemist be deemed to have been called and have testified that in his opinion the three hand-rolled cigarettes contained marijuana.
II.
The threshold and pivotal question is whether defendant freely and intelligently consented to the officers’ entering his room. Unless the entry be established by the People as having been lawful, then subsequent actions of the police remain unjustified. If the entry was illegal, then what transpired in quick succession thereafter bears the taint of that illegality. (People v. Johnson (1968) 68 Cal.2d 629, 632 [68 Cal.Rptr. 441, 440 P.2d 921]; People v. Haven (1963) 59 Cal.2d 713, 718 [31 Cal.Rptr. 47, 381 P.2d 927]; cf. People v. Kanos (1969) 70 Cal.2d 381 [74 Cal.Rptr. 902, 450 P.2d 278].)
Upon the basis of persuasive judicial precedents and of well established rules of law in the area of searches and seizures, it is my opinion that the record fails to establish a valid consent to the officers’ entry into defendant’s room.
Where an entry, a search and seizure, or an arrest is effected sans warrant, the burden is on the People to show a proper justification. (Badillo v. Superior Court (1956) 46 Cal.2d 269, 272 [294 P.2d 23]; People v. Henry (1967) 65 Cal.2d 842, 845 [56 Cal.Rptr. 485, 423 P.2d 557]; Tompkins v. Superior Court (1963) 59 Cal.2d 65, 67 [27 Cal.Rptr. 889, 378 P.2d 113].) The rule applies where the claimed justification is consent. (People v. Johnson (1968) supra, 68 Cal.2d 629, 632; People v. Carter (1957) 48 Cal.2d 737, 746 [312 P.2d 665].) The quantum of proof required at the preliminary hearing is ‘‘ substantial evidence” (Castaneda v. Superior Court (1963) 59 Cal.2d 439, 444 [30 Cal.Rptr. 1, 380 P.2d 641]) and at the trial a 1 ‘preponderance of evidence. ” “ The phrase 1 preponderance of evidence ’ is usually defined in terms of probability of truth; e.g., ‘such evidence as, when weighed with that opposed to it, has more convincing force, and from which it results that the greater probability of truth lies therein.’ [Citations.] ” (Witkin, Cal. Evidence (2d ed. 1966) supra, p. 189.) Cases dealing with probable cause speak in terms of dealing with 1 ‘ probabilities.” (E.g., Draper s. United States (1959) 358 U.S. 307, 313 [3 L.Ed.2d 327, 332, 79 S.Ct. 329]; People s. Hillery (1967) 65 Cal.2d 795, 803 [56 Cal.Rptr. 280, 423 P.2d 208], cert. denied, 386 U.S. 938 [17 L.Ed.2d 810, 87 S.Ct. 958]; People s. Murrietta (1967) 251 Cal.App.2d 1002, 1005 [60 Cal.Rptr. 56].) Application of the preponderance rule to a consent issue has been approved. (People v. Neal (1960) 181 Cal.App.2d 304, 307-308 [5 Cal.Rptr. 241]; but cf. People v. Roberts (1966) 246 Cal.App.2d 715, 727 [55 Cal.Rptr. 62] [“truly substantial” evidence rule applied].) “ ‘There must be convincing evidence that defendant has waived his rights. There must be clear and positive testimony.’ ” (Oliver v. Bowens (9th Cir. 1967) 386 F.2d 688, 690.) Due consideration should also be given to the statement of Chief Justice Warren in Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 436, 475 [16 L.Ed.2d 694, 724, 86 S.Ct. 1602,10 A.L.R.3d 974]: “If the interrogation continues without the presence of an attorney and a statement is taken, a heavy burden rests on the government to demonstrate that the defendant knowingly and intelligently waived his privilege against self-incrimination and Ms right to retained or appointed counsel. [Citation.] This Court has always set high standards of proof for the waiver of constitutional rights. >>
“To protect his right to object to an unreasonable search or seizure a defendant need not forcibly resist an officer’s assertion of authority to enter his home or search it or his person.
. . . , but if he freely consents to an entry or search . . . his constitutional rights are not violated and any search or taking of evidence ... is not unreasonable. ...” (People v. Michael (1955) 45 Cal.2d 751, 753 [290 P.2d 852].)
It is also well established that words importing an apparent consent do not constitute a valid consent in fact or in law under some circumstances. This is due to a failure to comprehend or to consider the significance of the meaning of consent, especially in the context of searches and seizures.
“Where consent is claimed, it must be a free and voluntary consent, not induced by fraud, threats, force or duress; the person consenting must have been legally and mentally capable of consenting and must have had knowledge of the true nature of that to which he consented. Mere assent or lack of objection without appreciation of the facts is not consent.
...” (Italics added.) (Fricke-Alarcon, Cal. Criminal Evidence (7th ed. 1966) p. 457.)
Indeed, a consent is no less than a waiver of one’s constitutional right under the Fourth Amendment. And “ 1 courts indulge every reasonable presumption against waiver’ of fundamental constitutional rights and ... ‘do not presume acquiescence in the loss of fundamental rights. ’ A waiver is ordinarily an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right or privilege. The determination of whether there has been an intelligent waiver of the right . . . must depend, in each case, upon the particular facts and circumstances surrounding that ease, including the background, experience, and conduct of the accused.” (Johnson v. Zerbst (1938) 304 U.S. 458, 464 [82 L.Ed. 1461, 1466, 58 S.Ct. 1019, 146 A.L.R. 357].) This criterion was applied to a Fourth Amendment case in Oliver v. Bowens (9th Cir. 1967) supra, 386 F.2d 688, 690-691.
Quoting from People v. Michael (1955) supra, 45 Cal.2d 751, 753, Justice Sullivan (now of our Supreme Court) stated in People v. Arketa (1962) 207 Cal.App.2d 194, 198 [24 Cal.Rptr. 257], cert, denied, 372 U.S. 931 [9 L.Ed.2d 735, 83 S.Ct. 878] : “ 1 Whether in a particular case an apparent consent was in fact voluntarily given or was in submission to an express or implied assertion of authority, is a question of fact to be determined in the light of all the circumstances. ’ . . . On such question it is the province of the trial judge to pass upon the credibility of the witnesses and weigh their testimony [citation] and ‘ determine the fact as to whether or not consent was given.’ [Citation.] ”
It does not follow, however, as the majority in this case and other courts sometimes state that “ ‘ [w]here substantial evidence supports a preliminary finding by the trial court and the implied ultimate finding . . . that a voluntary consent has been given, a reviewing court must accept consent freely given as a fact proven. [Citations.]’” (People v. Linke (1968) 265 Cal.App.2d 297, 311 [71 Cal.Rptr. 371].) (People v. Currier (1965) 232 Cal.App.2d 103, 108 [42 Cal.Rptr. 562]; cf. Oliver v. Bowens (9th Cir. 1967) supra, 386 F.2d 688, 690.)
Insofar as the determination of historical facts is concerned the statement is true. For example, the implied finding in this ease that defendant was not 60 feet away from the door of his room when the officers entered is not subject to review.
But whether the apparent consent to enter the room was voluntarily and intelligently given is a 11 constitutional fact, ’ ’ a mixed question of fact and of law. Where a constitutional fact is the disputed issue, the reviewing court not only may but must make its independent finding upon the basis of the entire record. (E.g., Foster v. California (1969) 394 U.S. 440 [22 L.Ed.2d 402, 89 S.Ct. 1127] [fairness of lineup]; Jacobellis v. Ohio (1964) supra, 378 U.S. 184, 187-190 [12 L.Ed.2d 793, 797-799, 84 S.Ct. 1676] [obscenity]; Zeitlin v. Arnebergh (1963) supra, 59 Cal.2d 901, 909-910 [obscenity]; cf. People v. Gray (1967) 254 Cal.App.2d 256, 267 [63 Cal.Rptr. 211] [discriminatory enforcement of law]; and see: Culombe v. Connecticut (1961) 367 U.S. 568, 603-606 [6 L.Ed.2d 1037, 1058-1059, 81 S.Ct. 1860] [distinction between historical and constitutional facts explicated by Justice Frankfurter] ; Note, Supreme Court Review of State Findings of Fact in Fourteenth Amendment Cases (1962) 14 Stan.L. Rev. 328.) Just as a trial court’s finding that a confession was freely and voluntarily made is not binding upon an appellate court (People v. Sanchez (1969) 70 Cal.2d 562, 571 [75 Cal.Rptr. 642, 451 P.2d 74], so a finding that a consent was freely and voluntarily given should be open to an independent review by an appellate court upon the entire record, including the evidence in the case. At least, it is not binding upon a federal court on collateral review. (Oliver v. Bowens (9th Cir. 1967) supra, 386 F.2d 688, 690.)
Some courts have stated that the issue on appellate review is not a question of credibility of witnesses, but rather whether the police officer’s testimony “taken at full value, warrants a finding that [defendant] freely and intelligently gave his unequivocal and specific consent to the search” (Channel v. United States (9th Cir. 1960) 285 F.2d 217, 220). (Accord Judd v. United States (D.C.Cir. 1951) 190 F.2d 649, 652.)
In a case in which the facts were “on all fours” with the instant case, the court in Higgins v. United States (D.C.Cir. 1954) 209 F.2d 819, 820, held the apparent consent invalid. The facts as stated at pp. 819-820 are: “ [A] police sergeant testified: ‘I identified myself to [defendant] as a police officer and asked him if I could talk to him in his room. . . . He stated that that was all right and asked me to accompany him to his room. ... I told him then about the information that I had, that I had received from the various sources, and he denied this information, denied that he was engaged in any narcotic drug traffic. I asked him then if I could look around. He stated that I could, was perfectly welcome to look anywhere in his room that I wanted to.’ Another policeman gave similar testimony. ’ ’
In Johnson v. United States (1948) 333 U.S. 10 [92 L.Ed. 436, 68 S.Ct. 367], a Seattle detective lieutenant and four veteran federal narcotic agents went to a hotel upon the basis of information received from a confidential informant that unknown persons were smoking opium at the hotel. They did not know who occupied that room. “They knocked and a voice inside asked who was there. 1 Lieutenant Belland, ’ was the reply. There was a slight delay, some ‘shuffling or noise’ in the room and then the defendant opened the door. The officer said, ‘I want to talk to you a little bit.’ She then, as he describes it, ‘stepped back acquiescently and admitted us.’ He said, ‘I want to talk to you about this opium smell in the room here. ’ She denied that there was such a smell. Then he said, ‘I want you to consider yourself under arrest because we are going to search the room. ’ The search turned up incriminating opium and smoking apparatus, the latter being warm, apparently from recent use. ’ ’
The court held: “Entry to defendant’s living quarters, which was the beginning of the search, was demanded under color of office. It was granted in submission to authority rather than as an understanding and intentional waiver of a constitutional right.” (333 U.S. at p. 13 [92 L.Ed. at p. 440].) (Italics added.)
A result similar to those reached in Higgins and Johnson should also be reached in this case by the application of recognized principles of law.
Even if the officers had reasonable and probable cause to believe that defendant had narcotics in his room, an entry or a search of his room without a warrant could be justified only as an incident to a lawful arrest or pursuant to a valid consent. (People v. Henry (1967) supra, 65 Cal.2d 842, 845.)
In People v. Shelton (1964) 60 Cal.2d 740, 746 [36 Cal.Rptr. 433, 388 P.2d 665], our Supreme Court speaking through Chief Justice Traynor stated: “The right to seek interviews with suspects at their homes [citations] does not include the right to demand that a suspect open his door. A suspect has no duty to cooperate with officers in securing evidence against him, and in the absence of probable cause to make an arrest, he is entitled to have a magistrate determine whether there is justification for invading the privacy of his home. ’ ’
In People v. Haven (1963) supra, 59 Cal.2d 713, 717, the court held it improper for an officer to gain entry by pushing further open a door already open about 2 inches and entering before the defendant or his wife could object. The court stated, “The right to seek interviews with suspects or witnesses at their homes does not include the right to walk in uninvited merely because there is no response to a knock or a ring.” The police may not induce the opening of a door by ruse or subterfuge (People v. Reeves (1964) supra, 61 Cal.2d 268, 273) or by wrongful assertion of authority (People v. Edgar (1963) 60 Cal.2d 171, 174 [32 Cal.Rptr. 41, 383 P.2d 449]).
The United States Supreme Court recently has stated in Bumper v. North Carolina (1968) 391 U.S. 543, 548 [20 L.Ed.2d 797, 802, 88 S.Ct. 1788]: “When a prosecutor seeks to rely upon consent to justify the lawfulness of a search, he has the burden of proving that the consent was, in fact freely and voluntarily given. This burden cannot be discharged by showing no more than acquiescence to a claim of lawful authority. ’ ’
In Schoepflin v. United States (9th Cir. 1968) 391 F.2d 390, 398-399 the court held a purported consent to entry and search of one’s apartment could not be upheld in the absence of a trial court finding that the words of apparent consent in the circumstances in which they were used “reflected (1) an understanding, (2) uncoereed, and (3) unequivocal election to grant the officers a license which (4) [defendant] knew may be freely and effectively withheld. ’ ’ The court held that no such showing had been made under the following circumstances : A robbery suspect was in bed reading a paper. Three officers went to his front door and three to the back. “An officer rang the front door bell. [Defendant] appeared at the door in his bathrobe. The officer in charge identified himself and asked if they could come in and talk to him. [Defendant] replied: “ ‘Yes, come ahead.’ The three officers who had gone to the front door then entered the apartment.” Once entry was gained, the officer in charge explained that they were investigating a bank robbery and a stolen gun. Defendant denied involvement. ‘ ‘ After four or five minutes of questioning, the officer in chargé asked ‘if we may search the apartment or the house. . . .’ [Defendant] replied, ‘Go ahead, I have nothing to hide. ’ ” A search revealed stolen money, a nylon stocking, and other articles related to the robbery being investigated.
In the instant case, the assent to entry was in response to a request by two armed officers in uniform standing at defendant’s open doorway, with the defendant on the outside. These circumstances alone make the purported consent to entry suspect. In Parrish v. Civil Service Com. (1967) 66 Cal.2d 260, 268, 269 [57 Cal.Rptr. 623, 425 P.2d 223], our Supreme Court speaking through Justice Tobriner has stated: “With increasing frequency the courts have denied the efficacy of any consent to a search obtained by covert threats of official sanction or by implied assertions of superior authority. The courts have been quick to note the disparity of position between a government agent and an ordinary citizen. . . . ‘The Government must show a consent that is “unequivocal and specific” [Citation], “freely and intelligently given.” [Citation.] Thus “invitations” to enter one’s house, extended to armed officers of the law who demand entrance, are usually to be considered as invitations secured by force. [Citation.] A like view has been taken where an officer displays his badge and declares that he has come to make a search [citation], even where the householder replies, “All Eight.” [Citation.] . . . Intimidation and duress are almost necessarily implicit in such situations; if the Government alleges their absence, it has the burden of convincing the court that they are in fact absent.’ ” (Italics added.) (See also People v. Ransome (1960) 180 Cal.App.2d 140, 144 [4 Cal.Rptr. 347]; People v. Davis (1960) 178 Cal.App.2d 887, 893 [3 Cal.Rptr. 465]; Oliver v. Bowens (9th Cir. 1967) supra, 386 F.2d 688, 691.)
Furthermore, the record is completely silent about the defendant’s background or experience. He apparently did not even know enough to ask the officers if they had a warrant. There is nothing to show that defendant knew he had the right to refuse entry to the officers and that such refusal could not be used as affirmative evidence against him. (Cf. Tompkins v. Superior Court (1963) supra, 59 Cal.2d 65, 68 [slamming of a door on an officer seeking entry cannot be used to convert suspicion into probable cause to arrest] ; People v. Cedeno (1963) 218 Cal.App.2d 213, 227-229 [32 Cal.Rptr. 246].) Defendant in our case was approaching the open doorway to get back into his room with the two officers standing just outside that open doorway; not much choice was open to him.
I am aware that some eases have stated, e.g., People v. Chaddock (1967) 249 Cal.App.2d 483, 485-486 [57 Cal.Rptr. 582], that “ [t]he mere asking of permission to enter and make a search carries with it the implication that the person can withhold permission for such an entry or search. ’ ’ This is not an invariable implication and cannot be so implied absent other evidence of the surrounding circumstances, e.g., the age, physical size, experience, and background of the person asked to consent. It is a common practice for a superior to use language sounding in terms of a polite request, when he actually intends it to bé and it is so interpreted by the requestee, that an imperative is meant.
Furthermore, in this ease the officers went through the formality of seeking defendant’s consent to their entry into defendant’s room knowing that he did not have full knowledge of the facts. It was not police ingenuousness or inadvertence that when Officer Jobe asked defendant, “if we may come inside and talk to him” he did not tell him why they wanted to talk to him or why they wanted to enter his room.a By the officer’s own testimony, there were other people in the hallway but not close enough to hear their conversation. So the element of avoiding any embarrassment to defendant by having the conversation overheard was absent. On cross-examination, Jobe was asked, “Did you tell the defendant why you wanted to enter his room?” He replied, “Not before I entered, no.” Following the officer’s testimony, “I asked if we might come inside and talk to him and he said yes,” he was asked: “You did not then advise him why you wanted to talk to him?” His answer was, “Not until I got inside.” The factors to be considered in consenting to an entry for purposes of a general exploratory talk and for purposes of a specific accusation that defendant has narcotics in the very room to which the officer is seeking to gain entrance are materially different, to put it mildly.
“There can be no waiver where the one against whom it is asserted has acted without full knowledge of the facts. It cannot be presumed, in the absence of such knowledge, that there was an intention to waive an existing right.” (Hacker Pipe & Supply Co. v. Chapman Valve Mfg. Co. (1936) 17 Cal.App.2d 265, 274 [61 P.2d 944].) In fact, in this case, the consent to enter was obtained by “fraud.” A consent obtained by half-truths or silence knowing that the consent is being given under mistake, fraud, or duress is invalid. (See Prosser on Torts (3d ed. 1964) pp. 100, 711, 712.) “The ‘fraud’ usually said to be involved in such a case may be simply the advantage taken of the [consenting party’s] ignorance to injure him.” (Prosser, op. cit. supra, p. 106.) It requires no sophistication to gather from the record in this case that the real purpose of the officers was to get inside defendant’s room to observe or search, rather than to talk to him. They sought to accomplish their objective in this unwarranted manner even though they could have obtained a search warrant quite easily. The indications from the officer’s testimony that they had information from a reliable informant, suggest it would have sufficed to obtain a search warrant. (United States v. Ventresca (1965) 380 U.S. 102, 109 [13 L.Ed.2d 684, 689, 85 S.Ct. 741]; People v. Gallardo (1966) 244 Cal.App.2d 105 [52 Cal.Rptr. 777].) There is no showing that this information was received after the courts had closed for the day. They arrived at the hotel around 5 :30 p.m. There was no consent, freely and intelligently given, to enter the defendant’s room. And to so hold where the securing of a warrant was feasible is not to hamstring law enforcement. An analogous situation was presented in People v. Haven (1963) supra, 59 Cal.2d 713, 719-720. It was there held that where the real object of the officers for entering upon premises is search and not arrest, the arrest may not be used as a pretext to search for evidence; the search conducted under such circumstances is not reasonable within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment.
Having gained entry by an invalid consent, the subsequent consent to a search even if freely and voluntarily given would have been the product of an illegal entry. (People v. Henry (1967) supra, 65 Cal.2d 842, 846; People v. Haven (1963) supra, 59 Cal.2d 713, 718.) The movements of the defendant to hide three hand-rolled cigarettes cannot be used as furtive movements corroborating the informant’s information. “When officers seek to justify a seizure without a warrant on the ground that no search was involved, the objects so seized must have been ‘in plain view of the officer who has a right to be in the position to have that view . . .’ and must have been ‘fully disclosed and open to the eye and hand.’ ” (Italics added.) (People v. Marshall (1968) 69 Cal.2d 51, 57-58 [69 Cal.Rptr. 585, 442 P.2d 665].) Here the officer did not acquire the right to be standing in defendant’s room to make a view of that movement. Nor did he see any hand rolled cigarettes until he had demanded that defendant hand over the wax-paper bag which defendant was at that juncture holding at his side. (Cf. People v. Hodson (1964) 225 Cal. App.2d 554, 558 [37 Cal.Rptr. 575].)
III.
Even if we assume arguendo that the consent to entry was valid, the purported consent to search defendant’s room was not free and voluntary. There was hesitation in defendant’s reply. Note his use of “well” in his replies. Immediately after giving that hesitant verbal assent, but before the officers had commenced the search, defendant went to his dresser and grabbed a wax-paper sandwich bag on top of it. “ [C] on duct on the part of a defendant subsequent to his giving an apparent consent to a search may establish that the apparent consent was not voluntarily given.” (People v. Garcia (1964) 227 Cal.App.2d 345, 351 [38 Cal.Rptr. 670].) The action negates free and intelligent conferring of a privilege. Under such circumstances, there was no free and voluntary consent to search the room. (Cf. People v. Shelton (1964) supra, 60 Cal.2d 740, 745; Castaneda v. Superior Court (1963) supra, 59 Cal.2d 439, 443; People v. Haven (1963) supra, 59 Cal.2d 713, 720; People v. Escollias (1968) 264 Cal.App.2d 16, 18 [70 Cal.Rptr. 65], opinion of Stephens, J.) Nor could the search and seizure be justified otherwise as being incidental to a lawful arrest on reasonable and probable cause.
IV.
When the police have grounds and opportunity to obtain a search warrant, but choose to travel the alternate route of consent, they assume the risk of their investigative endeavors being rendered nugatory. (People v. Currier (1965) supra, 232 Cal.App.2d 103, 111.) They assume a quasi-judicial task of themselves deciding at the scene and in course of investigation whether they have obtained a valid consent. “ [T]he officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime” in making a split-second decision is bound to make more errors than a 11 neutral and detached magistrate” passing upon an application for a warrant. (Cf. People v. Marshall (1968) supra, 69 Cal.2d 51, 57.)
In justifying a consent in a judicial proceeding the People have the burden of putting on record sufficient facts of the surrounding circumstances from which it may be determined that an apparent consent was in fact and in law freely and intelligently given. (People v. Gorg (1955) 45 Cal.2d 776, 782 [291 P.2d 469].) The record in this case does not reflect a fulfillment of this burden. Without such requirement there can be no judicial safeguards against invalid consents. Nor can the possibility that the informant placed the three hand-rolled cigarettes on the dresser be overlooked.
Reaching the conclusion set forth above, it is unnecessary to determine whether an admonition of one’s rights under the Fourth Amendment must be given before any consent or waiver of such rights may be found. (People v. Henry (1967) supra, 65 Cal.2d 842, 846.) It goes without saying that if such rights were explained to an accused, he would have little hope of attacking the validity of his consent upon appeal.
V.
For the reasons set forth in this dissenting opinion, I would reverse the judgment (order granting probation).
A petition for a rehearing was denied May 1, 1969, and appellant’s petition for a hearing by the Supreme Court was denied June 18, 1969.
Facts most favorable to the prosecution are necessarily set forth. (People v. Green, 13 Cal.2d 37, 42 [87 P.2d 821].) There is a conflict in the evidence as to whether the officers entered the room of defendant before he spoke to them or not. We adopt, as did the trial court, the version that they entered after requesting permission to do so.
Though the officer laid such foundation as to justify the conclusion that the information was reliable, cross-examination as to that issue was not permitted by the judge presiding at the preliminary hearing. Since no error is claimed due to this curtailment of inquiry, we accept the officer’s statement that such informant was reliable.
The question of the officer’s conclusion at the time of the ineffectual concealment of the narcotic was not asked.
That defendant’s consent was not in fact free and voluntary was raised at the preliminary hearing. This objection was preserved in his stipulation to the use of the transcript of the preliminary hearing at trial. He also renewed this objection on his motion to set aside the information (Pen. Code, § 995) with the further elaboration that there can be no valid consent without one being apprised of his rights under the Fourth Amendment. Upon denial of his motion, defendant applied for a writ of prohibition (Pen. Code, § 999a). The appellate court dismissed his petition because of procedural error without reaching the merits. He renewed his objections at trial, citing United States v. Blalock (E.D.Pa. 1966) 255 F.Supp. 268.
He had used the informant on two prior occasions. One resulted m “a prosecution” and the other case was pending. Defense counsel inquired: “Did this reliable informant provide information about Donald Gross [another occupant of the hotel] ?” The magistrate sustained an objection to the question: “This isn’t a search situation, I don’t think that the reliability of the informant has anything to do with it. I am going to sustain the objection.”
Presumably in San Pedro from the fact that he was assigned to the Harbor Division.
There is no presumption that an arrest without a warrant is lawful. (Evid. Code, § 664.) Noticeably absent from the record is the significance of the three hand-rolled cigarettes to the arresting officer. "The significance to the deputy of what he observed, the factors he considered in forming his belief, and Ms state of mind relative thereto and his opinion formed thereon are all elements relevant and necessary to the issue of probable cause.” (People v. Duarte (1967) 254 Cal.App.2d 25, 30 [61 Cal.Rptr. 690], cert. denied, 390 U.S. 971 [19 L.Ed.2d 1181, 88 S.Ct. 1091].) Insufficiency of the evidence in this regal'd was not raised either at the preliminary hearing or at the trial. Hence, this defect cannot be raised on appeal. (See Within, Cal. Evidence (2d ed. 1966) pp. 61-62 and 63-64, and cases cited.) It serves as an indicium, however, of the lack of due care of the prosecutors and judges below for the interests of either the People or the defendant..
The Fourth Amendment enjoins: “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated. . . . ’ ’ “ The sanctity of a private home is not only guaranteed by the Constitutions of the United States and of our own state, but it is traditional in our Anglo-Saxon heritage. ‘A man’s home is his castle’ is, and should be, more than an empty phrase. ’ ’ (People v. Privett (1961) 55 Cal.2d 698, 703 [12 Cal.Rptr. 874, 361 P.2d 640].) A hotel room is treated as a home within the protection of the Fourth Amendment. (Stoner v. California (1964) 376 U.S. 483, 486-487 [11 L.Ed.2d 856, 858-859, 84 S.Ct. 889]; People v. Reeves (1964) 61 Cal.2d 268 [38 Cal.Rptr. 1, 391 P.2d 393].) In People v. Gastelo (1967) 67 Cal.2d 586, 588, 589 [63 Cal.Rptr. 10, 432 P.2d 706], Chief Justice Traynor stated: “Under the Fourth Amendment, a specific showing must always be made to justify any kind of police action tending to disturb the security of the people in their homes. . . . Just as the police must have sufficiently particular reason to enter at all, so must they have some particular reason to enter in the manner chosen.” (Italics added.)
See also, Note, Consent Searches: A Reappraisal After Miranda v. Arizona (1967) 67 Colum.L.Rev. 130.
a Even with a search warrant, a peace officer may not forcibly enter a house, without first giving notice of his authority and of his purpose. (Pen. Code, § 1531; People v. Gastelo (1967) 67 Cal.2d 586 [63 Cal.Rptr. 10, 432 P.2d 706]; People v. Cain (1968) 261 Cal.App.2d 383, 391 [67 Cal.Rptr. 922].) Where he has a warrant of arrest or reasonable and probable cause to arrest without a warrant, under section 844 of the Penal Code he must demand admittance and explain the purpose for which admittance is desired in the absence of "a reasonable and good faith belief that compliance would increase his peril, frustrate an arrest, or permit the destruction of evidence” (People v. Rosales (1968) 68 Cal.2d 299, 302, 305 [66 Cal.Rptr. 1, 437 P.2d 489]). "Accordingly, a peace officer may not enter through an open door of a house without first demanding admittance and explaining the purpose for which admittance is desired. ...” (People v. Beamon (1968) 268 Cal.App.2d 61, 65 [73 Cal.Rptr. 604]; cf. People v. White (1969) 270 Cal.App.2d 680, 682 [76 Cal.Rptr. 104]; and see People v. Tellez (1968) 268 Cal.App.2d 375, 377 [73 Cal.Rptr. 892] (dictum contra).) While these cases involve the preliminary foundation for a forcible entry, they enunciate a legislative and judicial policy of requiring advance notice of the purpose for which a peace officer seeks entry into a home.
Several Court of Appeal decisions have held it unnecessary. (E.g. People v. Roberts (1966) supra, 246 Cal.App.2d 715, 728-729; People v. Chaddock (1967) supra, 249 Cal.App.2d 483, 485; People v. Richardson (1968) 258 Cal.App.2d 23, 31 [65 Cal.Rptr. 487]; cf. People v. Lyles (1968) 260 Cal.App.2d 62, 67-68 [66 Cal.Rptr. 799].)
| CASELAW |
Page:An emigrant's home letters.djvu/98
LETTER TWENTY-FOUR.
May 24th, 1841.
On the 16th of last month I received your letter, dated November 17th, 1840, and I cannot tell you the happiness it afforded me to know that my mother was still living to hear from her undutiful son, for I can scarcely forgive myself for not having written sooner, though I then had but an ill account to write. I expected to hear of misery and affliction from what I am able to learn here of the state of things at home, and therefore was not surprised at my father being so unfortunate, but not less sorry. I have not received any newspapers, and I hope you will not be at the trouble to send any more unless you can send them by some safer means
96 | WIKI |
Richard Allen (bishop)
Richard Allen (February 14, 1760 –March 26, 1831) was a minister, educator, writer, and one of the United States' most active and influential black leaders. In 1794, he founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), the first independent Black denomination in the United States. He opened his first AME church in 1794 in Philadelphia.
Elected the first bishop of the AME Church in 1816, Allen focused on organizing a denomination in which free black people could worship without racial oppression and enslaved people could find a measure of dignity. He worked to upgrade the social status of the black community, organizing Sabbath schools to teach literacy and promoting national organizations to develop political strategies. Allen said, "We will never separate ourselves voluntarily from the slave population in this country; they are our brethren, and we feel there is more virtue in suffering privations with them than a fancied advantage for a season." The AME Church proliferated among the freed blacks in the Southern United States.
Early life and freedom
He was born into slavery on February 14, 1760, on the Delaware property of Benjamin Chew. When he was a child, Allen and his family were sold to Stokley Sturgis, who had a plantation. Because of financial problems, he sold Richard's mother and two of his five siblings. Allen had an older brother and sister left with him, and the three began to attend meetings of the local Methodist Society, which was welcoming to enslaved and free Black people. They were encouraged by their enslaver, Sturgis, although he was unconverted. Richard taught himself to read and write. He joined the Methodists at 17. He began evangelizing, attracting criticism and anger from local enslavers.
Allen and his brother redoubled their efforts for Sturgis so that no one could say enslaved people did not do well because of religion.
The Reverend Freeborn Garrettson, who, in 1775, had freed the people he had enslaved, began to preach in Delaware. He was among many Methodist and Baptist ministers who encouraged enslavers to emancipate the people they enslaved after the American Revolutionary War. When Garrettson visited the Sturgis plantation to preach, Allen's master was touched by this declaration and began to consider the thought that enslaving people was sinful. Sturgis was soon convinced that slavery was wrong and offered enslaved people an opportunity to buy their freedom. Allen performed extra work to earn money and bought his freedom in 1780 when he changed his name from "Negro Richard" to "Richard Allen."
Marriage and family
Allen's first wife was named Flora. They were married on October 19, 1790. She worked very closely with him during the early years of establishing the church, from 1787 to 1799. They attended church school and worked together, purchasing land donated to the church or rented out to families. Flora died on March 11, 1801, after a long illness. Scholars do not know if they had any children. After moving to Philadelphia, Allen married Sarah Bass, a formerly enslaved person from Virginia. She had moved to Philadelphia as a child, and the couple met around 1800. Richard and Sarah Allen had six children. Sarah Allen was highly active in what became the AME Church and is called the "Founding Mother."
Ministry
Allen was qualified as a preacher and admitted in December 1784 at the famous "Christmas Conference", the founding and considered to be the first General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in North America. Held at the old original Lovely Lane Chapel meeting house on the narrow lane off modern South Calvert and German (now Redwood) Streets in old Baltimore Town, (now Downtown Baltimore), largest town/city and port in Maryland. He was one of the two Black attendees of the Conference along with legendary Harry ("Black Harry") Hosier, (c. 1750–1806), but neither could vote during deliberations in Lovely Lane. Allen was then allowed to lead services at 5 a.m., mainly attended by Black people. But as preacher Allen had family responsibilities, eschewing future Bishop Francis Asbury (1745–1816), Irishman Robert Strawbridge (c. 1732–c. 1781?), and "Black Harry" Hosier's practices of horseback circuit riding routes to rural country churches and "Bible stations", visiting far off parsons and "living in the saddle", so he moved northeast to Philadelphia, a center of free Black people and the biggest city in the new United States and second only to London in the English-speaking world, of the now fractured British Empire.
Two years later, in 1786, Allen became a preacher at St. George's Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia but was restricted to the early-morning services. As he attracted more Black congregants, the church vestry ordered them to be held in a separate area for worship. Allen regularly preached on the commons (central park) near the church, slowly gaining a congregation of nearly 50 and supporting himself with a variety of odd jobs.
Allen and Absalom Jones, also a Methodist preacher, resented the white congregants' leaders' segregation of blacks for worship and prayer. They left St. George's to create an independent, self-reliant worship place for African Americans in the large cosmopolitan capital city. Unfortunately, that brought on some opposition from the white church as well as the more established Black people of the community who wanted to merely "fit in" or not stir up any hard feelings.
In protest in 1787 (the same famous summer with the Constitutional Convention holding locked-in sessions in the old Pennsylvania State House, now frequently called "Independence Hall", with delegates from the "13 Original States"), Allen and Jones led the Black members out of the St. George's Methodist Episcopal Church. They formed the Free African Society (F.A.S.), a non-denominational mutual aid society that assisted fugitive enslaved people from the Southern United States and new migrants coming into the city of Philadelphia. Allen and Absalom Jones, William Gray, and William Wilcher found an available lot on Sixth Street near Lombard Street. Allen negotiated a price and purchased this lot in 1787 to build a church, but it was several years before they had a building. Now occupied by Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church, it is the oldest parcel of real estate in the United States that has been owned continuously by African Americans.
Over time, most of the F.A.S. members chose to return to the spiritual home of their youth and forefathers and affiliate with the neighborhood parishes of the former Church of England as it slowly recovered from the wartime bitterness of the Revolution after the British ministry government ending the War in the Treaty of Paris ratified in 1783 by the Confederation Congress in Annapolis. The Anglicans, which had reorganized themselves in a newly independent America now after the Peace in 1785 with nine dioceses on the East Coast / Atlantic Ocean shores meeting and uniting in their first General Convention as renamed "The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America" (later known simply today as "The Episcopal Church, U.S.A."), with the old familiar Elizabethan era old English texts in the "Book of Common Prayer", with some minor revisions in the first American edition of 1789, replacing prayers for His Royal Majesty, the King, and ministers to those for the new President, members of the Congress, Governors and lawful state Commonwealth officials. Many Black people and "Methodists" in Philadelphia had been Anglicans since the 1740s. It was only during the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) and with the part-time occupation of Philadelphia as the "Patriots" / rebels' capital by the British Army that drove out most of the old English/British ministers of the old Anglican faith (priests)
During the 1793 yellow fever epidemic, Richard Allen and Absalom Jones helped to organize free blacks as essential workers to care for the sick and deal with the dead. They were appealed to by respected physician Benjamin Rush. Amid fierce debates over the causes of the disease and its potential for contagion, Rush incorrectly believed that yellow fever was not contagious and that it would be less likely to affect people of color. Allen himself worked with the sick and dying, caught yellow fever, and nearly died. In the fall of 1793, the epidemic eased as temperatures dropped and the mosquitoes that carried the disease died. In 1794, Allen and Jones published and copyrighted the pamphlet A narrative of the proceedings of the black people, during the late awful calamity in Philadelphia, in the year 1793: and a refutation of some censures, thrown upon them in some late publications. They confronted accounts of the epidemic that accused the black community of being greedy opportunists, and that perpetuated the myth that African Americans had not been affected by the disease.
Allen and others founded the African Church with Absalom Jones leading services and preaching the Word. It was accepted as a parish congregation and opened its doors on July 17, 1794, known as the "African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas". The following year, 1795, the now Rev. Mr. Absalom Jones was ordained as a Deacon (one of the earliest in American Episcopal/Anglican Church history), and nine years later, in 1804, he became the first Black person ordained in the United States as a Priest / Presbyter (Pastor) of The Episcopal Church, U.S.A.
Allen and others wanted to continue in the more straightforward and more evangelical Methodist practices inspired by George Whitefield, John Wesley, and his brother Charles Wesley. Practices and traditions that had initially been brought from England by Francis Asbury, Robert Strawbridge and interpreted in America by Daniel Coke, Daniel Alexander Phelps. Allen called their congregation the African Methodist Episcopal Church (A.M.E.), and over time, it became known as "Mother Bethel" Church. Converting a blacksmith shop on Sixth Street, the leaders opened the doors of Bethel A.M.E. Church on July 29, 1794. At first, it was affiliated with the larger Methodist Episcopal Church, as organized in Baltimore in 1784. The Philadelphia congregation had to rely on visiting white ministers to consecrate the bread and wine / sacred elements in the Sunday worship service of Holy Communion / "Eucharist. Otherwise, as a Deacon, he could lead services reading the Scriptures, preaching sermons, and leading the assembled prayers and intercessions; in recognition of his leadership and preaching, Allen was ordained as the first Black Methodist minister/elder by Bishop Francis Asbury of the M.E. Church in 1799. He and the "Mother Bethel" congregation still had to continue to negotiate with white oversight and deal with white elders of the predominantly white Methodist Episcopal Church denomination. A decade after its founding, the Bethel A.M.E. Church of Philadelphia had 457 members, and by 1813, it had risen amazingly to 1,272.
In April 1816, 22 years after the organizing of "Mother Bethel" congregation in 1794, Rev. Allen called for a general conference meeting in Philadelphia and proposed the uniting of the five African-American congregations then existing in the eastern areas of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia; Langhorne/Attleborough, Pennsylvania; Salem, New Jersey; Delaware and Baltimore, Maryland. Together, they founded the independent denomination of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (A.M.E. Church), the first fully independent Black denomination in the United States. On April 10, 1816, the other ministers elected Allen as their first Bishop, and he served in the episcopal office for 15 years until his passing, but 37 years total ministering to "Mother Bethel" of Philadelphia. The African Methodist Episcopal Church is Black America's oldest and largest formal institution.
From 1797 until his 1831 death, Bishop Allen and his wife Sarah operated a station in the "City of Brotherly Love" on the Underground Railroad on the East Coast line for fugitive enslaved people fleeing from further south in the slave and border states of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
Preaching
The social themes of Bishop Allen's preaching were abolition, colonization, education, and temperance. The preaching style was rarely expository or written to be read, but the subject was delivered in an evangelical and extemporized manner that demanded action rather than meditation. The tone was persuasive, not didactic.
Activism outside the church
Richard Allen was active in the Philadelphia abolitionist movement. In December of 1799, Richard Allen, Absalom Jones, and sixty-nine other Black Philadelphians sent a petition to Congress urging the end of the international slave trade and a gradual emancipation plan. The petition also addressed the rights of free black men. The signers asserted the citizenship of Black Americans and demanded protection against kidnapping under the Fugitive Slave Act. As many states denied Black Americans the right to testify in court, those accused of being runaway slaves often had no legal redress. (Richard Allen himself had been accused of being a runaway slave in 1786, but fortunately had white Philadelphian allies who were willing to testify on his behalf.) Congress rejected their petition. Enslavers objected to emancipation, and some non-slave owners such as Harrison Gray Otis (politician) saw the petition itself as fraudulent, arguing that Black Americans were "incapable of writing their names, or of reading the petition..."
Also in 1799, Richard Allen and Absalom Jones co-published a pamphlet, considered the first Black publication in America, defending the prices Black caregivers had charged for nursing during the 1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic.
In September 1830, Black representatives from seven states convened in Philadelphia at the Bethel AME church for the first Negro Convention. The civic meeting was the first organized by African-American leaders on such a large scale. Allen presided over the meeting, which addressed both regional and national topics. The convention occurred after the 1826 and 1829 riots in Cincinnati when whites had attacked Black people and destroyed their businesses. After the 1829 rioting, 1,200 Black people had left the city to go to Canada. As a result, the Negro Convention addressed organizing aid to such settlements in Canada, among other issues. The 1830 meeting was the beginning of an organizational effort known as the Negro Convention Movement, part of 19th-century institution building in the Black community. Conventions were held regularly nationally.
Allen was a Prince Hall Freemason and served as the first Grand Treasurer of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, Prince Hall.
Death
Allen died at home on Spruce Street on March 26, 1831. He was buried at the church that he founded. His grave remains on the lower level.
Legacy and honors
* In 1949, Allen's story was featured in the radio drama Destination Freedom episode "Apostle of Freedom", written by Richard Durham.
* In 2001, the Richard Allen Preparatory School, a charter school, was opened in his name in southwestern Philadelphia.
* Richard Allen Schools, a charter school system in Ohio, is named after him
* In 2002, Molefi Kete Asante named Allen as one of the 100 Greatest African Americans.
* In 2010, a park in the Philadelphia suburb of Radnor Township was named for him.
* The Richard Allen Homes, a public housing project in Philadelphia, were named for him.
* A street in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is named after him, which in turn lent its name to indie rock band Bishop Allen.
* Allen University, a historically Black university in South Carolina, was renamed in Allen's honor when it moved from Cokesbury to Columbia in 1880.
* A stamp honoring Allen was issued by the United States Postal Service in February 2016, with a first-day ceremony in Philadelphia, as part of the ongoing Black Heritage Series.
* Mother Bethel Church erected a life-sized statue of Allen by Fern Cunningham-Terry on July 10, 2016.
* A mural, The Legacy of Bishop Richard Allen and AME Church Mural, was unveiled on July 4, 2016, at 38th and Market Streets in West Philadelphia.
* On February 14, 2022, Allens Lane in Philadelphia's Mt. Airy neighborhood was re-attributed to Richard Allen by resolution of the city's council, facilitated by the efforts of State Rep. Chris Rabb (PA House 200th). A re-attribution of Septa's Allen Lane station is also contemplated. | WIKI |
Traditional Indications
In Traditional Chinese Medicine Japanese knotweed is known as Bian Xu 扁蓄. Bian Xu is bitter and cold and enters the Bladder channel to promotes urination and dispels Damp Heat in the Bladder. (1)
Pharmacognosy
Japanese knotweed has long been used in Japan and China as a traditional herbal remedy and is an important source of the antioxidant resveratrol. (2) Resveratrol has been the subject of intense interest in recent years due to a range of unique anti-aging properties. (3)
These include cardiovascular benefits via increased nitric oxide production. The results of a study demonstrate that the addition of RESV to standard antihypertensive therapy is sufficient to reduce blood pressure to normal levels, without the need for additional antihypertensive drugs. (4)
Aging selectively suppresses vasoactive intestinal peptide messenger RNA expression. (5) Resveratrol down-regulates vasoactive peptides. (6)
Resveratrol protects against diet-induced atherosclerosis by reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and inhibiting inflammation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. (7)
Resveratrol is safe and well tolerated and was associated with significant increases in the numbers of circulating γδ T cells and regulatory T cells and results in small, yet significant, decreases in the plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and MCP-1 and a significant increase in the plasma antioxidant activity. (8)
The amyloid hypothesis suggests that the progressive accumulation and deposition of central nervous system amyloid with aging is the proximate cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thus, targeting molecular mechanisms of aging may represent a viable treatment approach. Caloric restriction prevents diseases of aging, including AD, in animal models, perhaps by activation of sirtuins. The sirtuins (such as mammalian SIRT1) are deacetylases that link energy balance (NAD+/NADH) to regulation of gene transcription. Resveratrol is a potent activator of SIRT1, and thus may mimic caloric restriction to prevent diseases of aging. (9) Resveratrol promotes clearance of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptides. (10)
The anticancer molecular mechanisms of resveratrol are well understood in relation to in vitro and in vivo studies. (11) Resveratrol appears to have many anti-tumor effects on different cancer cells in vitro. (11) Molecular mechanisms of resveratrol involved signaling pathways related to extracellular growth factors and receptor tyrosine kinases; formation of multiprotein complexes and cell metabolism; cell proliferation and genome instability; cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase signaling (cytokine, integrin, and developmental pathways); signal transduction by the transforming growth factor-β super-family; apoptosis and inflammation; and immune surveillance and hormone signaling. (12)
Resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy is controlled by the decrease of intracellular drug accumulation, increase of detoxification, and diminished propensity of cancer cells to undergo apoptosis.
Fallopia japonica can modulate the function of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters with intracellular metabolic enzymes contribute to the complex and unresolved phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR). Natural products as alternative medicine have great potential to discover new MDR inhibitors with diverse modes of action. Fallopia japonica can modulate MDR to overcome MDR in cancer cells. (13)
1. Lotus S. Bian Xu (Knotweed, Polygonum). 2019.
2. Burns J, Yokota T, Ashihara H, Lean MEJ, Crozier A. Plant Foods and Herbal Sources of Resveratrol. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2002;50(11):3337-40.
3. Baxter RA. Anti-aging properties of resveratrol: review and report of a potent new antioxidant skin care formulation. Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2008;7(1):2-7.
4. Theodotou M, Fokianos K, Mouzouridou A, Konstantinou C, Aristotelous A, Prodromou D, et al. The effect of resveratrol on hypertension: A clinical trial. Experimental and therapeutic medicine. 2017;13(1):295-301.
5. Duncan MJ, Herron JM, Hill SA. Aging selectively suppresses vasoactive intestinal peptide messenger RNA expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the Syrian hamster. Molecular Brain Research. 2001;87(2):196-203.
6. Red Wine Making. Wine Production: Vine To Bottle.
7. Chang G-R, Chen P-L, Hou P-H, Mao FC. Resveratrol protects against diet-induced atherosclerosis by reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and inhibiting inflammation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 2015;18(11):1063-71.
8. Espinoza JL, Trung LQ, Inaoka PT, Yamada K, An DT, Mizuno S, et al. The Repeated Administration of Resveratrol Has Measurable Effects on Circulating T-Cell Subsets in Humans. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2017;2017:6781872-.
9. Sawda C, Moussa C, Turner RS. Resveratrol for Alzheimer's disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2017;1403(1):142-9.
10. Marambaud P, Zhao H, Davies P. Resveratrol promotes clearance of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptides. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2005;280(45):37377-82.
11. Carter LG, D'Orazio JA, Pearson KJ. Resveratrol and cancer: focus on in vivo evidence. Endocrine-related cancer.21(3):R209-R25.
12. Varoni EM, Lo Faro AF, Sharifi-Rad J, Iriti M. Anticancer Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol. Frontiers in nutrition. 2016;3:8-.
13. Eid SY, El-Readi MZ, Ashour ML, Wink M. Fallopia japonica, a Natural Modulator, Can Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. 2015;2015:868424-.
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What is trisomy 18?
Trisomy 18 is a severe hereditary disease caused by an additional chromosome 18. Affected children have various malformations, disturbed growth, delayed development, and reduced intelligence. In the first 5 years of life, 90% of those affected die because of heart or kidney anomalies, eating disorders, infections, or apnea. Children with mosaicism or partial trisomy 18 have a better prognosis. Hepatoblastomas and Wilms tumors are the most common tumors. The risk of developing a Wilms tumor is around 1%.
How is trisomy 18 diagnosed?
The diagnosis is made clinically by experts who are experienced with syndromes. Evidence is confirmed by a chromosome analysis.
What is the risk of cancer?
Hepatoblastomas and Wilms tumors are the most common tumors. The risk of developing a Wilms tumor (Wilms tumors are kidney tumors during childhood) is around 1%.
What causes trisomy 18?
Due to the extra chromosome 18, there is an elevated dose of the genetic information contained here. This effect drastically disturbs development.
Is there a treatment?
Medical care for children requires an expert, multi-professional team to work together closely with the affected family.
Surveillance Recommendations for the Early Detection of Cancer
Surveillance Recommendations
It is worthwhile considering whether to conduct an ultrasound examination of the abdomen and kidneys every 3 months until the age of 7 because of the increased risk of liver and kidney cancer. Due to the poor prognosis, however, this is a controversial topic.
Self-Care and Support
What should I pay special attention to?
Any new symptom that occurs should be evaluated by the treatment team.
Support Groups and Additional Information | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Sydneysider
moved this article to sydneysider as "sydneysider" gets by far the larger number of google hits vs. sydneyite (17,500 vs 894) and is the most common current use, and therefore should reside at sydneysider as per our naming conventions clarkk 04:05, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
Sydneyite? Never heard the word
I've lived in Sydney for most of my 52 years and this Wikipedia article is, as far as I can recall, the first time I have ever heard the word 'Sydneyite'. As far as I know, Sydneysider is the only accepted term. (Alpheus 12:46, 6 November 2005 (UTC))
For what it's worth, I'm 15, I've lived in Sydney all my life and I've never heard the term Sydneyite, ever. M.C. Brown Shoes 04:47, 7 November 2005 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/432
Henning nephew, John Minet Henniker, who resumed the additional surname of Major by royal license on 27 May 1822.
Henniker-Major was author of: 1. ‘A Letter to George, Earl of Leicester, President of the Society of Antiquaries’ [on some armorial bearings found at Caen], 8vo, London, 1788. 2. ‘Two Letters on the Origin, Antiquity, and History of Norman Tiles, stained with armorial bearings,’ 8vo, London, 1794. 3. ‘Some Account of the Families of Major and Henniker,’ 4to, London [1803]. To ‘Archæologia’ (xi. 255–66) he contributed in March 1793 an ‘Account of Bicknacre Priory, Essex.’
HENNING, JOHN (1771–1851), modeller and sculptor, born at Paisley on 2 May 1771, was the son of Samuel Henning, a carpenter. He received at Paisley the only education he ever had. He followed his father's business, and while engaged in it began to model portraits in wax. In 1799 he went to Glasgow, and then, about 1802, to Edinburgh, where he studied in the Trustees' Academy under John Graham (1754–1817) [q. v.] Through the influence of his employer, James Monteith, he was commissioned to make busts of several prominent citizens of Edinburgh. In 1811 he came to London, and began to draw with enthusiasm from the Elgin marbles, and afterwards from the Phigaleian frieze. After twelve years he completed the modelling of a reduced copy of the Parthenon and Phigaleian friezes, with the missing parts restored. The work attracted attention at the time, but Michaelis (Der Parthenon, p. iv) says the restoration of the Parthenon frieze is quite arbitrary. Henning afterwards executed similar models in relief of the cartoons of Raphael. While in London he received sittings from several ladies, including Mrs. Siddons, and Princess Charlotte of Wales, to whom Henning says he recommended books on the Scottish reformation and the revolution (Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. viii. 305). Henning was one of the founders, and for many years a member of the Society of British Artists. In 1846 he was presented with the freedom of Paisley, and was entertained at a banquet there. He died in London on 8 April 1851, aged 80, and was buried in the cemetery of St. Pancras at Finchley. Redgrave says his works are ‘plaster miniatures modelled with great skill and minute accuracy.’
HENRIETTA or HENRIETTA ANNE, (1644–1670), born at Bedford House, Exeter, on 16 June 1644, was the fifth daughter of Charles I, by his queen, Henrietta Maria. By her father's orders she was baptised in Exeter Cathedral, according to the forms of the church of England; the register gives her name as simply Henrietta (, Life of Fuller, p. 341). Within fifteen days after her birth her mother started for France, confiding her to the care of Sir John Berkeley, governor of Exeter, who was also a tenant of Bedford House. Her governess was Lady Dalkeith. Charles saw his daughter for the first time on his arrival at Exeter on 26 July, when on his way to Cornwall. On 17 Sept. he was again at Exeter, where he spent nearly a week, and assigned for her maintenance the greater part of the excise revenues of the city. He established her household, appointing for her chaplain Thomas Fuller. For some months the princess remained unmolested, although an attempt was made to alienate her revenues for military purposes. In the autumn of 1645, when Fairfax laid siege to Exeter, her governess vainly endeavoured to remove her into Cornwall. On the surrender of the city in April 1646 it was stipulated that Henrietta should either remain in safety in Exeter or be taken with her governess to any place selected for them, while the king's pleasure should be taken as to her future residence. Henrietta was ultimately taken to Oatlands. The funds assigned for her were now no longer available. Lady Dalkeith, after making several fruitless applications to the generals and parliament, wrote an urgent letter to the committee for the county of Surrey at Kingston. The commons ordered, on 24 May, that the princess should be placed with her sister and brother at St. James's Palace; her retinue was to be dismissed, and a committee appointed to see to her proper maintenance. Lady Dalkeith, who had been directed in a recent letter from the king to stay with the princess at all hazards, applied for the necessary permission to the speakers of the House of Commons and of the House of Lords. Both letters proving unsuccessful, Lady Dalkeith resolved to escape (she was still with her charge at Oatlands), and on 25 July pupil and governess were suddenly missing. The household, by Lady Dalkeith's desire, did not communicate with the parliament until three days later. No orders were given for pursuit. Lady Dalkeith disguised the child in a tattered frock and called her ‘Peter,’ as the nearest approximation to her lispings of ‘prin- | WIKI |
Opening of Sri Lanka's tallest tower marred by corruption allegation
COLOMBO (Reuters) - The grand opening of Sri Lanka’s tallest tower was mired in controversy on Monday when President Maithripala Sirisena said one of the Chinese firms contracted to work on the project had disappeared with $11 million of state funds. Sirisena made the allegation at the launch ceremony of the China-financed Lotus Tower, a 356.3-metre (1,169 ft) construction in the shape of a lotus bud featuring a revolving restaurant, conference hall and observation area. The Chinese embassy in Colombo did not respond to requests for comment. The tower, overlooking Beira Lake in central Colombo, is expected to become a major tourism attraction. Sirisena said that in 2012, under his predecessor former President Mahinda Rajapaksa, the state-run Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (TRC) had deposited 2 billion rupees ($11.09 million) with Aerospace Long-March International Trade Co. Ltd (ALIT), a Chinese firm chosen as one of the main contractors. “In 2016, we found ALIT had disappeared. We investigated into this and the Sri Lankan ambassador in Beijing went to the address of ALIT personally on my instruction to find there was no such company,” Sirisena said in a speech. “This is the money we could have spent for development of this country, for education, and medicines of patients.” Sirisena’s audience at the opening ceremony included Chinese envoy to Colombo Cheng Xueyuan. It was not possible to approach the Cheng at the ceremony for comment and officials at China’s embassy in the Sri Lankan capital did not respond to text and WhatsApp messages. It was not immediately possible to contact ALIT via phone or email. Sirisena had suspended most of the Chinese-backed infrastructure projects started under Rajapaksa when he came to power in 2015 over allegations of corruption, overpricing and flouting government procedures. But more than a year later, the Sirisena government allowed Chinese projects to resume after a few changes in some of them. China’s Exim Bank in 2012 agreed to lend 80% of the total investment of $104.3 million in the Lotus Tower, with the rest to be met by TRC. TRC in a statement said Chinese firms China National Electronics Import & Export Corporation (CEIEC) and Aerospace Long-March International Trade Co. Ltd (ALIT) were chosen as the main contractors. Sirisena said the government had started repayment of the loans made, but more funds were needed to complete the project. Chinese investment has become controversial in Sri Lanka, which is struggling with expensive external debt and where growth is expected to slump to its worst level since a contraction in 2001. Tourism, the country’s third largest foreign currency earner and fastest growing sector, was also hit hard by Islamist militants attack in April. Sirisena’s Lotus Tower allegation also comes ahead of a presidential election later this year. Political sources close to Sirisena and Rajapaksa have said talks between the president’s center-left Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) and Rajapaksa’s Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) for a coalition deal have broken down. Reporting by Shihar Aneez; Editing by Euan Rocha and Alex Richardson | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Taxonomy
Taxis = arrangement, nomos = law. Taxonomy
All living organisms are classified into various groups based on their characteristics according to the principles of identification, nomenclature and classification. The branch of biology which deals with the study of identification, classification and nomenclature is known as taxonomy.
Taxonomy Chart
Classification
The arrangement of organism in taxonomic group according to similarities and dis-similarities is known as classification. The purpose of biological classification is to organise the vast number of known organisms into categories that could be named, remembered and studied. There are two types of classification: Empirical Classification and Rational Classification.
Empirical Classification
In this type, the actual nature or character of plants is not considered. Plants are classified on the basis of their alphabetical order of their name. On the basis of name, plant kingdom can be classified into 26 groups.
Rational Classification
In this classification, plants are classified on the basis of their actual character or nature. There are three principle system of classification- artificial, natural and phylogenetic systems.
Artifical Classification
It is based on one or few external morphological characters of organisms. It is earliest system of classification. Example: Theophrastus classified plants as trees, shrubs and herbs. Aristotle classified animals as enaima and anaima, on the basis of the presence or absence of red coloured blood.
Natural system of classification
It is based on the overall morphological, embryology and anatomical characteristics, which indicate natural relationships among organisms. Example: George Bentham and J. Hooker gave most important natural system of classification of angiosperms, published in ‘Genera Plantarum‘.
Phylogenetic system of classification
This system of classification is based on the evolutionary descent of a group of organisms. In this system, organisms belonging to the same taxa are believed to have common ancestry and may be represented in a family tree called cladogram.
Taxonomic Categories
Taxonomical categories is also called Liennean hierarchy or taxonomical hierarchy. It is the classification of organism in a definite sequence of categories in a definite sequence of categories from kingdom to species or from species to kingdom. There are seven categories:
Nomenclature
A single organism will be called in different names in different countries. Even in a single country it has several names in different regions, because of different languages. Another point is that some common names are quite misleading like, silver fish, jelly fish, star fish etc. are not true fishes. These problems can be resolved only when all living organisms are identified, classified and given scientific nomenclature.
Binomial system of nomenclature
The binomial system is system of classification developed by Carolus Linnaeus, a swedish naturalist. According to this system, each organism is given only one name consisting of two words. Linnaeus proposed scientific name of plants in his book “Species plantarum” and name of animals in his book “Systema naturae”.
Rules
1. According to binomial system name of any organism consists of two components or words: Genetic name (name of genus) and Specific epithet (name of specis).
2. In plant nomenclature tautonyms are not valid i.e. generic name and speific epithet should not be same. But tautonyms are valid in animal nomenclature. eg. Naja naja (Indian cobra) and Rattus rattus (Rat).
3. First letter of generic name should be in capital letter and first letter of specific epithet should be in small letter.
4. Scientific name should be derived from latin or greek languages because they are dead languages.
5. When written with free hand or typed, then generic name and specific epithet should be separately underlined. But during printing name should be in italic to indicate their latin origin.
6. Name of the scientist (who proposed nomenclature) should be written in short after the species name. But name of scientist should be neither underlined nor written in italics. eg. Mangifera indica Linn.
Dharmendra Gaur
Dharmendra Gaur (Msc. Zoology) aka DRGP. I love to learn and teach biology. By this blog I want to increase my knowledge and share my knowledge with others. Feel free to ask what ever you want to ask related to biology, I try my best to help you.
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Bernt Wahl
Bernt Rainer Wahl is a mathematician, mentor, entrepreneur, and author. He served as CEO of Factle Corporation, Datahunt, and Dynamic Software, and is a former member of the UC Berkeley faculty. He teaches engineering and serves as an Industry Fellow at the Center of Entrepreneurship and Technology and an Executive in Residence at the Skydeck.
In 2002, he was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship to Malaysia.
Wahl was an early pioneer in the fields of chaos and fractal geometry. He authored Exploring Fractals (1994) and co-authored The Fractal Explorer (1991).
His firm Dynamic Software, which he co-founded in 1987 with Peter Van Roy, was an early pioneer in mathematical visualization. The work was showcased in the fashion industry, including work with the designer Jhane Barnes.
In 2001, Bernt Wahl led the management buyout attempt of the search engine company Infoseek through the firm Datahunt. In 2002 he started Factle, a search engine focused on specialized search and local demographics that mapped neighborhoods.
Wahl worked for United Nations on ecotourism and helped the U.S. National Park Service build its first website. He is also involved in social causes, including the work done by The International Justice Mission, and various other organizations’ work on the global dissemination of information.
Notes and references
* "Scholar's Inn"
* U.C. Berkeley Industry Fellow
* Fulbright Directory
* Author: Exploring Fractals
* Author: Mapping the World... One Neighborhood at a Time
* "Lawsuit Claims Mapmaking Firm Owns Your Neighborhood"
* Infoseek
* "Maponics Successfully Concludes Settlement of Its Lawsuit Against Factle" | WIKI |
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Tires & Wheels
How Do Nails Get In Tires: Reasons with DIY Fixes!
How Do Nails Get In Tires
Written by Nick Steiner
If you drive around construction/demolition sites there is a pretty good chance your tires have picked up a nail or two. It’s not like someone purposefully flattened your tires with a nail without you noticing, not in most cases that is.
What happens is, nails usually lay flat over the rough street. When your front tires pass over them at a high speed, they get rolled up and tossed because of the friction force. Friction force works the opposite direction your tires are moving.
As a result, the kicked-up nails get tossed in front of your rear tires. In an unfortunate event, the nails hit the rear tire at the right angle and the weight of the tire pushes the nail through the tire tread.
However, the tire doesn’t pop right away. With every rotation, the nail digs deeper into the tire. Modern-day tires have a protective layer of steel belt in the middle section of the tire. If the nail is big and strong enough, it can pierce even through the belt.
That’s why rear tires usually get flattened by nails the most. However, a nail can pierce the front tires and the sidewalls as well.
How Do Nails Get In Tires
How Do Nails Get In Tires
Are Nails in Tires Common?
Unfortunately, yes. There is a lot of sharp debris on the road, including nails that can pierce your tires. It may seem like someone is deliberately pulling a nasty prank on you, but the chance of that actually happening is pretty low.
The chances of getting a nail through your tires increase if you regularly commute around construction/demolition sites.
However, you can get a nail on your tire from almost anywhere on a bad day.
How to Know if You’ve Got a Nail in Your Tire?
It’s almost impossible to know if you’ve got a nail through your tires right away. If you notice a stub or cap of the nail attached to your tire, that’s one way to confirm.
In case the nail gets completely buried in the rubber tread, that will be a bit harder to verify. Any tire that has a nail piercing through it will leak out air at a steady rate. That is why if you notice a gradual deflation of your tire, you most probably got a nail in your tire.
One other way to make sure you have a nail in your tire is the sound it will make while you drive. When the nails come in contact with the road or other vehicle parts, it will make a distinctive “click” sound repeatedly.
However, nails aren’t the only reason you can have steady gradual deflation. We recommend you take your tire to the experts or check for leakages on the tire yourself. Just apply soap water over the tire and see if any air bubble pops up or not.
Steady air leakage will create bubbles around the hole and you can be sure about where the repair is needed.
Can a Nail Puncture a Tire Sidewall?
Yes. a puncture in the tire sidewall is more dangerous than the one at the stronger middle section of the tire. Modern-day tires are called ‘radial’ tires and they contain a layer of steel bands in the middle of the tire to help stabilize and strengthen the road contact surface.
The sidewalls don’t contain any steel band and are especially prone to get punctured by a nail. Sidewall punctures are comparatively rare but have the chance to do much more damage.
And the repair is also trickier. A hole on the sidewalls of your tire can turn your tires street-illegal, meaning your tires will no longer be safe to use on public streets.
Can You Drive With a Nail in Your Tire?
Once a nail pierces through the protected side, it will penetrate deeper into the rubber tread with every rotation.
If you are lucky, the nail will hit the rubber tread block and get stuck there. As a result, the nail will lodge in so tightly that air can’t escape. That is relatively harmless and will only cause you slight inconvenience.
If a nail pierces through the sidewalls, you’ll have less time on your hands, not more than a couple of minutes, to get the tire fixed. Just go to the nearest tire shop and get your tires fixed.
With proper tools nearby, you can fix the tire temporarily yourself. However, this is not a permanent solution and you should contact the professionals as soon as possible.
Do You Need a New Tire if I Have a Nail in It?
Well, it depends on factors like the age of the tire, the size of the puncture, and its location on the tire. If your tire gets pricked on the sidewalls, we recommend you get a new one. The sidewalls don’t have steel reinforcement and are vulnerable and can’t be patched up.
If the hole is large, it’ll be tough to try and fix them. The same goes for worn-out old tires. Consult your local experts to be sure if you need to replace your tire or not.
How Much Does It Cost to Fix a Nail in a Tire
It depends on the size and location of the puncture. In general, it should cost you no more than $10-25 in your local repair shop.
However, if the puncture is in the sidewalls, the repair cost will be significantly higher. We don’t recommend repairing punctures on the sidewalls.
If you strike a special deal with some car specialist or do the repair yourself, the cost will reduce significantly. Just invest in some tools and you’ll be able to fix a nail in a tire anywhere and without any cost.
Is a Nail in a Tire Covered Under Warranty?
There is a special type of warranty named “Road Hazard Warranty” that covers damage to your tire caused by non-negligent driving. This is basically an insurance policy and is especially beneficial for those who use low-profile tires.
This type of warranty won’t cover damage caused to the car because of user errors like mounting the curb or underinflation. For most average users, a good car insurance policy is a better investment.
Is It Better to Plug a Tire or Patch It?
It also depends on the type of damage your tire has been received. Many people prefer plug as it is quicker, easier, and can help your tires to run for up to 25,000 additional miles.
However, patching is considered a more secure option among the two. In this process, a rubber patch is attached to the inner surface of the tire where the hole is. Rubber cement is used to secure the patch with the tire. This process takes much more time and effort.
You can also use a hybrid of the two methods usually known as “the patch/plug combo” to get your desired amount of repair. This is the safest and most reliable option.
How to Avoid Nails in Tires?
How to Avoid Nails in Tires
Check tire air pressure
Regularly check the air pressure of your tires. Overinflation increases the risk of damage from potholes and other obstructions in the road. Underinflation will create more friction and stress the tire.
Having your tire pressure within the acceptable range will not only give you better protection against nails but will also make your tires last longer.
Rotate your tires
Not all tires wear out evenly and that increases the chance of a puncture. If you rotate your tires periodically, your tires will wear out evenly and last a lot longer.
Check tire tread depth chart and load index ratings
Every tire has wear bars so that you can figure out when you need new tires. A damaged tread is much more likely to be damaged by a nail than a new one. Check the tire tread depth chart to measure your tire health and buy a new one before the previous one goes beyond repair.
You should also keep an eye on the load index ratings. The maximum load rating of your tire is printed on the center of the tire’s sidewall. The heavier the load gets, the easier it will be for a nail to pierce through your tire.
Watch where you drive
Nail punctures most frequently occur near construction or demolition sites. There are usually a lot of nails lying around in such areas that can puncture your tires. It would be wise to also avoid refuse dump, clustered patches in the road, or debris heaps.
How to Fix a Nail in Your Tire?
How to Fix a Nail in Your Tire
There are two primary fixes for a punctured tire. One of them is plugging and the other one is patching. Your local tire shops can do both.
However, if you want to fix your tires yourself, here’s how you do that.
1. Plugging
Tools Needed
• Safety gears
• Pliers
• Screwdriver
• Air pressure gauge
• Portable air compressor
• Tire plug kit
• Soapy water
• White pencil
• Anti-cutter
• Tire plug kit
Steps
1. Find out the hole in your tire and locate the nail. Spray soapy water all over your tire. The escaping air will create bubbles and you’ll find the puncture easily.
2. Check the air pressure of your tire and place the hole on the top side of the tire. You can detach the tire or use car jacks if you feel the need. If your tire is completely flat, inflate it before you start fixing it.
3. Use the pliers and screwdriver to pull out the nail. Mark the area with a white pencil.
4. The plug kit contains two needle-like tools, some plugs, and rubber cement. Take them out and use the grooved needle immediately after you pull the nail out. This will clean the hole and make it ready for the next steps.
5. Shove the grooved needle onto the hole and give the hole a good file back and forth. Go in and out a couple of times.
6. Now take the other needle-like tool and a plug. Pass the plug through the head of the tool and apply rubber cement over the plug.
7. Once the filing process is complete, take out the grooved needle and immediately put the needle with the plug into the tire. Use force and send the plug ⅔ of its length. Make sure that both ends of the plug stay outside the tire.
8. Make a quarter turn with the needle and pull the needle out swiftly in one strong fell swoop. The plug will remain inside the tire.
9. Cut the excess plug out with an anti-cutter and check the tire for any leakage again with soapy water.
10. Check the tire pressure again and use the compressor to regain the lost air pressure. You’re done.
2. Patching
Tools Needed
• High lift car jack
• Soapy water
• Lube (Liquid soap/WD-40)
• Crowbar/pry bar/large screwdrivers (3 of them)
• Breaker bar
• Cleaning chemical (Starting fluid)
• Small brush and marker
• Roller tool
• Tire patch
• Buffing wheel
• Air compressor
• Air pressure gauge
Steps
1. Take off the tire and dismount it. Use a high lift jack to loosen the wheelbase from the tire.
2. Apply lube around the wheelbase so the rubber slips out easily. You can use liquid soap or WD-40, whatever is accessible to you.
3. Use the pry bars and detach the tire from the wheelbase completely. If the nail is still stuck in the tire, remove it.
4. Take your tire tool (from the plug kit) and clean the hole. Use the grooved tire tool to get rid of any debris and make the rubber a little rough so the rubber cement works the best.
5. Mark the area with a marker and apply a good amount of cleaning chemicals. We used a starting fluid but you are free to use whatever you have.
6. Take a small brush and clean the area you are going to put the patch. Clean the area with a damp cloth.
7. Now if the tire is engraved in designs and patterns, use a buffing wheel to expose the rubber underneath. This will help the patch to stick better.
8. Apply some rubber cement to your tire tool and shove it forward and backward through the hole to make sure that the hole has enough cement inside it.
9. Take a brush and apply rubber cement to the whole area the patch is going to cover. Leave the cement for about 2 minutes to dry.
10. Take the patch out of its packet and place it over the selected area. Avoid touching the sticky side of the patch.
11. Once the patch is in place, use the roller tool to expel any of the air stuck inside. Start from the middle of the patch and gradually fo over the edges a couple of times.
12. Clean the inside of the tire with a damp cloth.
13. Lube up the tire again and reattach it with the wheel using pry bars. Don’t put too much stress on the tire.
14. Once that is complete, inflate the tire using an air compressor. Make sure your tire pressure isn’t lower than before. Use the air pressure gauge to achieve the desired pressure.
15. Check the tire for any remaining leakage by spraying soapy water over the repaired hole.
About the author
Nick Steiner
Nick has been a car nut for his whole life as far as he can remember. His father was a car dealer who used to change and repair his cars himself. As a result, Nick had the opportunity to get around all sorts of cars and learned to get his hands dirty repairing vehicles from an early age.
Nick is a great fan of Japanese quality and German preciosity. His deep passion lies in older models that he believes have a flair that takes him back to his childhood. He also loves their durability and reliability when compared to the modern models.
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Mohammad Aslam (Emirati cricketer)
Mohammad Aslam (born 7 September 1961) is a Pakistani-born former cricketer who played for the United Arab Emirates national cricket team. He played four One Day Internationals for the UAE and scored 38 runs at an average of 9.50. His highest score was 23. | WIKI |
Individual Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China (2018)
Article 1
An individual who is domiciled in China, or an individual who is not domiciled in China but has resided in China for an aggregate of 183 days or more within a tax year, shall be regarded as a resident individual. Income received by a resident individual from within China or overseas shall be subject to individual income tax pursuant to the provisions of this Law.
An individual who is not domiciled in China and does not reside in China, or an individual who is not domiciled in China but has resided in China for less than an accumulated 183 days within a tax year, shall be regarded as a non-resident individual. Income received by a non-resident individual from within China shall be subject to individual income tax pursuant to the provisions of this Law.
A tax year shall start from January 1 and end on December 31 within a calendar year.
Article 2
The following categories of individual income shall be subject to individual income tax:
(1)Income from salary and wages;
(2)Income from remuneration for personal services;
(3)Income from author's remuneration;
(4)Income from royalties;
(5)Income from business operation;
(6) Income from interest, dividends or bonuses;
(7)Income from leasing of assets;
(8)Income from transfer of assets; and
(9)Incidental income.
For forms of income (1) through (4) in the preceding paragraph (hereinafter collectively referred to as "Comprehensive Income") earned by a resident individual, they shall be aggregated on a tax year basis to calculate the individual income tax payable while the same earned by a non-resident individual shall be calculated separately on a monthly or transaction basis. For forms of income (5) through (9) in the preceding paragraph, the individual income tax payable shall be calculated separately pursuant to the provisions of this Law.
Article 3
Individual income tax rates:
(1)For comprehensive income in excess of the specified amounts, progressive tax rates ranging from 3 percent to 45 percent shall apply (see schedule of tax rates attached);
(2)For income from business operation in excess of the specified amounts, progressive tax rates ranging from 5 percent to 35 percent shall apply (see schedule of tax rates attached); and
(3)For income from interest, dividends or bonuses, income from leasing of assets, income from transfer of assets, and incidental income, a flat tax rate of 20 percent shall apply.
Article 4
The following categories of individual income shall be exempted from individual income tax:
(1)Prize money for achievements in such fields as science, education, technology, culture, public health, sports and environmental protection, granted by at least people's governments at the provincial level, ministries and commissions under the State Council, or corps of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, or by foreign or international organizations;
(2)Interest on the national debt or on financial bonds issued by the State;
(3)Subsidies and allowances paid according to the uniform provisions issued by the State;
(4)Welfare benefits, benefits for the family of the deceased or disabled, and relief payments;
(5)Insurance compensation;
(6)Military severance pay, demobilization pay and gratuities for army personnel;
(7)Settlement pay, severance pay, basic pension or retirement pay, payments and living allowances for retired veteran cadres, that are paid to cadres and employees according to the uniform provisions issued by the State;
(8)Income of diplomatic representatives, consular officers and other personnel of foreign embassies and consulates to China, which, pursuant to provisions of relevant laws, shall be exempted from tax;
(9)Tax-exempt income stipulated under the international conventions to which the Chinese government is a member, or agreements which the Chinese government has signed; and
(10)Other tax-exempt income as stipulated by the State Council.
Any tax exemption provisions aforementioned in item (10) of the preceding paragraph shall be submitted by the State Council to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
Article 5
Individual income tax may be deduced in any of the following circumstances. The specific range and period of validity of the tax reduction shall be determined by the people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government and be submitted to the Standing Committee of the People's Congress at the same level for the record:
(1)Income received by disabled persons, elderly persons with no family, or the close family of martyrs; or
(2)Individuals suffering heavy losses as a result of natural disasters;
The State Council may stipulate other circumstances for tax deduction, and the stipulation shall be submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
Article 6
The amount of taxable income shall be calculated as follows:
(1)For comprehensive income received by a resident individual, the amount of taxable income shall be the balance after deduction of RMB 60,000 yuan, special deductions, itemized deductions for specific expenditures, and other deductible items determined pursuant to law, from the modified income in a tax year.
(2)For income received from salary and wages by a non-resident individual, the amount of taxable income shall be the balance after deduction of RMB 5,000 yuan from his or her monthly income. For income from remuneration for personal services, author's remuneration or royalties, the taxable income shall be the amount received in a single payment.
(3)For income from business operation, the amount of taxable income shall be the balance after deduction of costs, expenses and losses from the gross income in a tax year.
(4)For income from leasing of assets, the amount of taxable income shall be the balance after deduction of RMB 800 yuan from the amount received in a single payment not exceeding RMB 4,000 yuan; or after deduction of 20 percent from the amount for a single payment of RMB 4,000 yuan or more.
(5)For income from transfer of assets, the amount of taxable income shall be the balance after deduction of the original value of the asset and reasonable expenses, from the income gained from such transfer.
(6)For interest, dividends, bonuses, and incidental income, the amount of taxable income shall be the full amount received in each payment.
The modified income from remuneration for personal services, author's remuneration and royalties shall be the balance after deduction of 20 percent from the income received. Income from author's remuneration shall be further reduced and taken as 70 percent of the amount calculated from above.
Amounts donated out of individual income to education, poverty alleviation or other public welfare undertakings, may be deducted from the taxable income, so long as the donation does not exceed 30 percent of the declared taxable income. Where the State Council stipulates that the full amount of a donation made to public welfare undertakings is deducted from the taxable income, such provisions shall prevail.
Special deductions stipulated in Subparagraph (1) of the first paragraph of this Article shall include basic old-age insurance, basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance and other social insurance contributions, as well as housing provident fund contributions made by resident individuals in accordance with the scope and standards provided by the State; itemized deductions for specific expenditures shall include expenditure on children's education, his own continuing education, medical treatment for serious illness, housing loan interest or housing rent, and supporting the elderly, whose details in scope, standards and implementation steps shall be determined by the State Council, and then be submitted to the Standing Committee of National People's Congress for the record.
Article 7
Where a resident individual obtains income from outside of China, individual income tax paid overseas can be credited against their tax payable in China; however, the tax credit may not exceed the individual income tax that would be payable on the foreign income if calculated in accordance with this Law.
Article 8
In any of the following circumstances, the tax authorities have the power to make a tax adjustment by using reasonable methods:
(1)Where a transaction between an individual and his or her related party that is not in accordance with the arm's length principle has been completed, without good cause, and led to decreased tax payable for the individual or his/her related party;
(2)Where a resident individual, who by himself or jointly with a resident enterprise controls an enterprise that was established in a country (region) where the effective tax burden is distinctly low, does not distribute the profits attributable to the resident individual or reduces the distribution of those profits, without a reasonable cause of operation or management; or
(3)Where an individual enters into an arrangement without a reasonable commercial purpose, leading to inappropriate tax benefits.
Where additional tax payment is required after tax adjustment made by a tax authority under the preceding paragraph, the payment shall be made, with late payment surcharge levied according to law.
Article 9
The taxpayer, for individual income tax purposes, shall be the person who receives the income. Organizations or individuals that make a payment of income shall be the withholding agents.
Where a taxpayer has the Chinese Citizens' Identity Number, his Identity Number shall be the taxpayer identification number; where a taxpayer has no Chinese Citizens' Identity Number, the tax authority shall issue a taxpayer identification number to the taxpayer. A taxpayer must provide his taxpayer identification number to the withholding agent when the latter withholds and pays the tax.
Article 10
In any of the following circumstances, a taxpayer shall file a tax return in accordance with the law:
(1)Where the taxpayer obtains comprehensive income for which the annual tax reconciliation return is required;
(2)Where the taxpayer obtains taxable income but there is no withholding agent;
(3)Where the taxpayer obtains taxable income but the withholding agents has failed to withhold and pay the tax;
(4)Where the taxpayer obtains income from overseas;
(5)Where the taxpayer emigrates to another country and cancels his Chinese household registration;
(6)Where a non-resident individual obtains salary and wages from two or more sources within China; or
(7)Any other circumstances stipulated by the State Council.
The withholding agent shall, in accordance with the national rules, withhold and pay tax in full for all its taxpayers, and furnish each individual taxpayer with information on his individual income and the tax withheld and paid, etc.
Article 11
Where a resident individual obtains comprehensive income, his individual income tax shall be calculated on an annual basis. Where there is a withholding agent, the withholding agent shall withhold and prepay tax on a monthly basis or when the taxable income arises; where the annual tax reconciliation return is needed, it shall be filed within the period from March 1 to June 30 of the year following that in which the income was obtained. Regulation for withholding and prepayment shall be formulated by the department under the State Council responsible for tax administration.
Where a resident individual provides the withholding agent with information on his itemized deductions for specific expenditures, the withholding agent shall deduct relevant items from the resident individual's taxable income in accordance with regulations when making the monthly withholding and prepayment, and may not refuse the deduction.
Where a non-resident individual obtains income from salary or wages, remuneration for personal services, author's remuneration or royalties and where there is a withholding agent, the withholding agent shall withhold and pay tax on a monthly basis, or when taxable income arises. Annual tax reconciliation return shall not be required for that case.
Article 12
Where a taxpayer obtains income from business operation, the individual income tax shall be calculated on an annual basis. The taxpayer shall file the tax return for such income with the tax authority and prepay the tax within 15 days after the end of each month or quarter. The annual tax reconciliation return shall be filed by March 31 of the following year after obtaining the income.
Where a taxpayer obtains income from interest, dividends and bonuses, leasing of assets, transfer of assets or incidental income, the individual income tax shall be calculated on a monthly basis or when the taxable income arises. Where there is a withholding agent, the withholding agent shall withhold and pay tax on a monthly basis or as and when the taxable income arises.
Article 13
Where a taxpayer obtains taxable income but there is no withholding agent, the taxpayer shall file the tax return with the tax authority and pay tax by the 15th day of the month following that in which the income was obtained.
Where a taxpayer obtains taxable income and the withholding agent has failed to withhold and pay tax, the taxpayer shall pay the tax before June 30 of the year following that in which the income was obtained. Where a tax authority sets a time limit for the tax payment, the taxpayer shall pay within the allotted time.
Where a resident individual obtains income from overseas, he or she shall declare such income within the period from March 1 to June 30 of the year following that in which the income was obtained.
Where a non-resident individual obtains salary and wages from two or more sources within China, he shall declare such income by the 15th day of the month following that in which the income was obtained.
Where a taxpayer cancels the Chinese household registration as a result of emigration, he shall complete tax settlement and clearance before de-registration.
Article 14
Where tax is withheld by a withholding agent, whether on a monthly or transaction basis, it shall be turned over to the state treasury by the 15th day of the month following that in which it was withheld. The tax return for individual income tax withheld shall also be filed with the tax authority.
Where a taxpayer files an annual tax reconciliation in order to obtain a tax refund or where a withholding agent does so for the taxpayer, the tax authority shall deal with the tax refund after review and confirmation in accordance with the relevant regulations on administration of the state treasury.
Article 15
The public security authorities, the People's Bank of China, financial regulator and other relevant departments shall assist the tax authorities in verifying taxpayers' identities and information of their financial accounts. Departments of education, health, medical security, civil affairs, human resources and social security, housing and urban-rural development, public security, the People's Bank of China, financial regulator and other relevant departments shall provide tax authorities with information on itemized deductions for specific expenditures of taxpayers, including expenditures on their children's education, their own continuing education, medical treatment of a serious illness, housing loan interest or housing rent, and supporting the elderly.
For transfer of immovable property by individuals, the tax authorities shall verify the payable individual income tax based on relevant information such as the registration for the immovable property. Where a transfer of immovable property is being registered, the registration authority shall examine the certificate for payment of individual income tax on the transfer. Where a transfer of equity shares is being registered, the registration authority for market players shall examine the certificate for payment of individual income tax on the share transfer.
The relevant departments shall incorporate information on compliance with this Law by taxpayers and withholding agents into the credit information system in accordance with law, and implement joint incentives or sanctions.
Article 16
All forms of income shall be calculated in RMB. Where an income is paid in a foreign currency other than RMB, it shall be taxed after being converted into RMB based on central parity rate.
Article 17
A handling fee of 2 percent of the amount of tax withheld shall be paid to withholding agents.
Article 18
The levy, reduction and cessation of levying individual income tax on interest from saving deposits, as well as specific measures thereof, shall be stipulated by the State Council, and be submitted to the Standing Committee of National People's Congress for the record.
Article 19
Where a taxpayer, withholding agent or a tax authority or a staff member thereof, violates this Law, its legal liability shall be investigated in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Tax Collection and other relevant provisions of laws and regulations.
Article 20
The administration of the collection of individual income tax shall be subject to provisions of this Law and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Tax Collection.
Article 21
The State Council shall, pursuant to provisions of this Law, formulate regulations for its implementation.
Article 22
This Law shall go into effect from the date of its promulgation.
(Note 1: Annual Taxable Income in this schedule refers to the amount of Comprehensive Income received by a resident individual in a tax year, after deduction of RMB 60,000 yuan, specific deductions, itemized deductions for specific expenditures and other deductible items determined by Law, in accordance with Article 6 of this Law.
Notes 2: For income received by a non-resident individual from salary and wages, remuneration for personal services, author's remuneration and royalties, the tax payable shall be calculated on a monthly basis as converted from this schedule.)
(Note: Annual Taxable Income in this schedule refers to the amount of income after deduction of costs, expenses and losses in a tax year, in accordance with Article 6 of this Law.) | WIKI |
3 Video Game Stocks to Buy in August
Video gaming has evolved into a multibillion-dollar industry. Despite its rapid growth and development, there is still time for investors to hop on board this growth train before it's too late. The market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.9% from 2020 to 2027, according to a Grand View Research analysis, as the millennial and centennial generations earn more disposable income to spend on the things they love.
Several companies are positioned well to benefit from this megatrend, including three video game companies that would make great buys in August. The first pick is Activision Blizzard (NASDAQ: ATVI), a blue-chip gaming giant famous for smash hits like Call of Duty and World of Warcraft. The second pick is Take-Two Interactive (NASDAQ: TTWO), a rapidly growing rival with a strong portfolio of exciting intellectual property. Finally, we have Zynga (NASDAQ: ZNGA), a mobile game developer driving growth through highly synergistic acquisitions. Let's find out a bit more about them.
Image source: Getty Images.
1. Activision Blizzard
Activision Blizzard is a leading game developer famous for hit franchises like Call of Duty, World of Warcraft, and Overwatch. The company has enjoyed a boost from stay-at-home demand amid the coronavirus pandemic, with shares rocketing 72% year-to-date. But despite its large $63 billion market cap, Activision stock is positioned for continued growth because of resilience in its top franchises and a strong business model.
Activision's legacy franchises are as healthy as ever -- and the value of this intellectual property goes a long way toward justifying the company's generous valuation at 30 times forward earnings. The Call of Duty franchise remains a cash cow, and Activision is expanding its monetization strategy with a new title, Call of Duty: Warzone, which uses a lucrative freemium business model. The game is free to download, but players are charged for special features and expanded functionality. Warzone hit 60 million downloads in a few months after its release, making it one of Activision's fastest-growing releases to date.
Activision has a current dividend yield of 0.5%, and has increased its payout for 10 consecutive years. While the dividend looks small, it's a nice addition to the company's impressive stock price performance and represented just 19% of net income in fiscal 2019.
2. Take-Two Interactive
Take-Two is another mature gaming giant that has performed exceptionally well this year, with shares soaring 34% in 2020 so far compared to the S&P 500's measly 1% year-to-date rally. The company has a market cap of $18 billion, and is positioned for continued growth because of its legacy franchises and strong development pipeline.
Take-Two is known for popular action/adventure game franchises like Red Dead Redemption and Grand Theft Auto, which are developed through the company's in-house publishing label, Rockstar Games. Both assets enjoyed a boost from stay-at-home demand during the coronavirus pandemic, with Grand Theft Auto Online posting recurrent consumer spending growth of 87% in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 (which ended on March 31). Red Dead Redemption 2 also exceeded management's expectations, selling over 31 million units worldwide according to Take-Two's most recent earnings call on May 20.
Take-Two has a robust pipeline poised to deliver continued growth across a variety of platforms and distribution channels. In July, the company entered into a publishing deal with Microsoft to develop games for the Xbox One platform and the upcoming Xbox Series X through May 31, 2023. This move should help the company better monetize its fantastic intellectual property and reach more gamers.
3. Zynga
Zynga is a mid-cap video game developer that has already seen its stock price soar by 60% year to date. Unlike the other companies on this list, Zynga focuses on the mobile gaming market, a subset of the industry with unique challenges and opportunities.
Mobile gaming is a crowded and competitive field because of its low barrier to entry, making it hard for companies to develop new intellectual property that can stand out amid the competition. That's why Zynga uses a unique roll-up business model where it acquires already established mobile games and synergizes them into its existing operations.
In July, Zynga closed the $1.85 billion acquisition of Istanbul-based Peak Games. The deal gives Zynga access to Toon Blast and Toy Blast, two popular mobile franchises that have consistently ranked in the top-10- and top-20-grossing smartphone games in the past two years. The acquisition will also give Zynga access to the proven team behind Peak Games, which could help the combined company develop more assets in the future.
Zynga's core operations are also performing well, with revenue up 52% to $404 million in the first quarter. This growth was partially driven by assets developed by Small Giant Games and Gram Games, two start-ups that Zynga acquired in 2018 for $560 million and $250 million, respectively.
10 stocks we like better than Electronic Arts
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Teresa Kersten, an employee of LinkedIn, a Microsoft subsidiary, is a member of The Motley Fool’s board of directors. Will Ebiefung has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Activision Blizzard, Microsoft, and Zynga. The Motley Fool recommends Electronic Arts and recommends the following options: long January 2022 $75 calls on Activision Blizzard, short January 2022 $75 puts on Activision Blizzard, long January 2021 $85 calls on Microsoft, and short January 2021 $115 calls on Microsoft. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Tyrannosaurs had teenage growth spurt
Bone analysis sheds light on dinosaur development.
Tyrannosaurus rex lived fast and died young, research reveals. Examination of fossil ribs has slashed 70 years off the age of Sue, the best-preserved specimen of this enormous Cretaceous carnivore.
It seems that T. rex must have been able to really pile on the pounds. It gained up to two kilograms a day, as much as a modern-day African elephant does, report Gregory Erickson from Florida State University, Tallahassee, and his colleagues in this week's Nature1.
The dinosaur, which roamed the earth some 65 million years ago, was one of the largest terrestrial carnivores ever to live. Adults typically weighed in at around 5,000 kilograms, making them at least 15 times larger than today's largest land-based meat-eater, the polar bear.
This caused palaeontologists to puzzle over how they got so big. Some experts believed they grew slowly throughout their lives, like modern-day reptiles. Others thought they had an initial growth spurt that later subsided, like that in birds and mammals.
But assessing growth rates is tricky, as the creatures are difficult to age. The standard method for using a fossilized skeleton to estimate the age at which a dinosaur died is to count growth rings. These are dense mineral deposits that are laid down in the bones on a yearly basis, as the animal grows. But the technique generally looks at large, weight-bearing bones such as the thigh. In therapods, such as T. rex, these bones are hollow, so the vital rings are missing.
Instead the team looked at bones that do not bear weight, such as ribs and shinbones, which are solid in T. rex. The researchers tested the method in alligators and lizards of known ages and found that they were able to accurately predict what their lifespans had been. The researchers then turned their attention to 7 T. rex fossils of varying sizes.
Using the new method, the team found that the specimens were likely to be between 2 and 28 years old when they died. This made Sue, the oldest and best-preserved T. rex, 70 years younger than was previously thought. "Before this, Sue's age was based on speculation," says Erickson. "Her bones are pretty battered and beat up."
By combining the dinosaurs' ages and sizes, the researchers worked out their growth rates. T. rex, it seems, grew up fast. The animal grew most between 14 and 18 years of age, then retained its large size throughout the rest of its life.
Erickson's team also studied the growth rates of three smaller tyrannosaur species that existed before T. rex. Like T. rex, their growth spurt occurred over a four-year stretch, but their rate of growth was around four times slower. This suggests that T. rex evolved to be so big because of its exceedingly fast growth rate.
However, the beast's enormous dimensions may have led to problems. "As it got bigger, T. rex probably suffered from a progressive decline in its running ability," says dinosaur expert John Hutchinson from the Royal Veterinary College, London.
Younger, smaller animals could have reached speeds of up to 40 kilometres per hour. But as their weight passed 1,000 kilograms, just a fifth of the adult size, this would have become biomechanically impossible, says Hutchinson. For those who believe T. rex was a hunter rather than a scavenger, it is a mystery how the animals managed to eat enough to maintain their growth spurt, given that their ability to chase prey would have been seriously impaired.
- Erickson G.M, et al. Nature, 430. 772 - 775 (2004). | FINEWEB-EDU |
Harold Rosenwald
Harold Rosenwald (July 23, 1907 – March 9, 1990) was an American lawyer, best known for working on the defense team of Alger Hiss during 1949 and in the prosecution of Louisiana governor Huey Long.
Background
Harold Rosenwald was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His sisters were Clare Rosenwald Schein (later an arbitrator for Family Court, died 1972), Leah Rosenwald Modest, and Charlotte Rosenwald Rosenberg.
He graduated from Cambridge Latin School (now Cambridge Rindge and Latin School) in 1923. He graduated cum laude from Harvard University in 1927. In 1930, he graduated from Harvard Law School, where he also served as editor of the Harvard Law Review (1928–1930) and class secretary. It was during this time he came to know Alger Hiss.
Career
Rosenwald was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar in 1930 (and the U.S. Supreme Court Bar in 1936).
Government service
According to Whittaker Chambers, Rosenwald had worked in the U.S. Department of Justice during the 1930s under O. John Rogge:
He had worked for the U.S. Department of Justice, where he had been the assistant to O. John Rogge, an assistant to the Attorney General. The peculiar vehemence of Mr. Rogge's lefts views finally caused him [Rosenwald] to leave the Justice Department.
Rosenwald supported Justice in its case against U.S. General Charles G. Dawes to recover monies of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) on a $90,000,000 "Dawes Loan." On May 15, 1936, Rosenwald filed a brief on behalf of John L. Hopkins, O. John Rogge, and others for the RFC. Later in May, Justice recovered $2,225,000 for RFC, for which Rosenwald received credit. Justice continued to pursue more repayment, and the case went to court in October 1938. He received credit for his efforts in November 1936 when a court ordered 3,500 Illinois stockholders of a defunct Central Republic Bank to pay $12,500,000 as part of repayment on that loan.
In 1939, Rosenwald again support Rogge, this time going after income tax cases in Louisiana related to Governor Huey Long's "Share Our Wealth" program. Rogge planned to move to the state due to the anticipated length of the case. He cited Rosenwald (and Albert B. Teton) as an expert whose presence he sought to join him because of Rosenwald's "experience in preparing income tax cases for trial."
Private practice
In April 1948, Rosenwald and John J. O'Niel were attorneys for a naval captain before the U.S. Supreme Court in "United States of America ex. rel. Harold E. Hirschberg v. Captain M. J. Malanaphy, United States Navy, Commanding Officer, United States Naval Receiving Station, Brooklyn, New York."
Hiss Case
During the Hiss Case, Rosenwald was an attorney first in 1948 with Oseas, Pepper & Segal and by 1950 with Beer, Richards, Lane and Haller (also known as Oseas, Pepper & Siegel with offices in Washington and on Liberty Street, New York ) (from 1949 to 1957 called "Beer, Richards, Lane, Haller & Buttenwieser" ). He was one of the chief lawyers in the Hiss Case who defended Alger Hiss, along with William L. Marbury, Jr. and Edward Cochrane McLean. He was the chief architect of argument for a "psychologically disturbed state of Whittaker Chambers."
On December 12, 1948, Rosenwald, "an associate of Edward C. McLean, Mr. Hiss' attorney," issued a statement by Hiss which said: "...I repeat the denial... I did not at any time deliver any official documents to Mr. Chambers or any unauthorized person."
While Lloyd Paul Stryker led during Hiss's first trial, Rosenberg's name remained among his legal defense. Again, when Claude B. Cross led during Hiss's second trial later in 1949, Rosenwald's name appears on his defense team along with McLean and Robert von Mehren.
Later years
By 1952, Rosenwald was "the legal representative to the Tito Government."
In 1958, Rosenwald represented Lovander Ladner in a Federal case against (in which Ladner was convicted for assaulting police officers).
In 1959–1960, Rosenwald represented defendants Goldfine and Paperman in an appeal case before the U.S. District Court with Judge Charles E. Wyzanski, Jr. presiding (in which Goldfine and Paperman lost).
In 1972, he represented Harvard student agencies in their pursuit of contraceptive sales at the university.
When Allen Weinstein's Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case came out in 1978, it quoted Rosenwald about the psychological argument:
The psychiatric theory has been criticized because it may be regarded as an unjustified smear of Chambers as a homosexual. Surely we intend to smear Chambers in any event. I have no objection to such smearing .... I see little difference between smearing Chambers as a homosexual and smearing him as a liar, a thief and a scoundrel.
In 1980, a review of John Lowenthal's documentary The Trials of Alger Hiss mentioned Rosenwald (along with Robert E. Stripling, Congressman F. Edward Hebert, the Rev. John F. Cronin, and journalist Ralph de Toledano) as among the "most informative" who helped counter "Lowenthal's own bias."
Personal and death
In 1943, Rosenwald married Betty Booth. They had a son, Malcolm, a daughter Martha and son Stuart Harold. (Mrs. Rosenwald died in 2004.)
Rosenwald died age 82 of Parkinson's disease in Lexington, Massachusetts. | WIKI |
US added 700,000 new millionaires in 2017
The number of millionaire households in the U.S. jumped by more than 700,000 last year, thanks to surging stock prices and housing values, according to a new report. The U.S. now has more than 11 million millionaire households, according to Spectrem Group, up more than 6 percent from 2016. The number of new millionaires and the total population of millionaires set records. Spectrem defines millionaire households as those with at least $1 million in investible assets, not including primary residence. "It was the equity markets that really pulled these folks up," said George Walper, president of Spectrem Group. "This is the group that has the most equity holdings, so the biggest change is at the high end." The S&P 500 gained 19 percent last year and the Dow was up 25 percent.Since the financial crisis, the number of millionaire households has nearly doubled. In 2009, there were just under 6 million millionaire households. It's grown every year since, and is now well past the precrisis level of 9 million millionaires. The richer multimillionaires have done the best, since they have the largest share of stocks relative to their overall wealth. The number of households worth $5 million to $25 million grew by 84,000, to 1.35 million households. The number of households worth more than $25 million jumped by 10 percent, increasing by 16,000 to a total of 172,000. Walper says that unless stock markets tumble this year, the growth in millionaire households is likely to continue. "I think people are pretty optimistic," he said. "But a lot has to do with whether the Democrats take the House and whether we see changes in the tax law. But right now I could see a similar increase next year." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
On this day in Tudor history, 25th September 1586, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, Mary, Queen of Scots, was moved to Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire, and Elizabeth finally backed down and agreed to the appointing of 36 commissioners to act as judges in her trial. Mary would never leave the castle.
Mary had been imprisoned in England since May 1568 after she'd fled Scotland following her imprisonment there and forced abdication. She had assumed that Elizabeth I would help her fellow queen to regain the Scottish throne, and she planned for it, hoping to lead an army into Scotland by that August, but she was mistaken. Elizabeth didn't want war with Scotland and she also didn't want Mary to be a figurehead for dissatisfied Catholics who might see her as a better alternative to Elizabeth on the throne of England. So, Elizabeth had kept her captive.
Over the years, Mary was moved around, but something happened in February 1570 that would lead to Mary being executed, and that was the excommunication of Elizabeth. In the bull of excommunication, Pope Pius V wrote of Elizabeth's "wicked doctrines", called her "the pretended queen of England", and declared "her to be deprived of her pretended title to the aforesaid crown and of all lordship, dignity and privilege whatsoever". What's more, he stated that those who had made any sworn oaths to her were now absolved from those oaths, and he called on the English people to disobey her orders, mandates and laws, and threatened excommunication for those who did obey her. He was inciting a rebellion. Catholics could now plot against Elizabeth to replace her with Mary, and all with the pope's blessing.
In 1571, Mary was implicated in the Ridolfi Plot against Elizabeth, then in 1583, the Throckmorton Plot, and then, finally the Babington Plot of 1586. On 7th June 1586, Anthony Babington met with his fellow conspirators and and on 6th July, Babington wrote to Mary in code, telling her that he, with ten gentlemen and 100 followers, would release her from her prison and dispatch the usurper, i.e. Elizabeth. He wrote that six men, his "private friends", would be in charge of "that tragical execution". On 17th July, Mary made her fatal mistake. She replied to Babington, telling him to "set the six gentlemen to work", thus giving her support for Elizabeth's assassination. Mary had no idea that she had just walked into a trap. Her letters were being intercepted and the code broken by Elizabeth I's spymaster, Sir Francis Walsingham. The Babington Plot failed, with the the plotters being arrested, tried and executed.
Elizabeth's government now had damning evidence against Mary, but Elizabeth struggled with the idea of condemning an anointed monarch. However, Mary had plotted against her and she couldn't do nothing.
On 21st September 1586, Mary was transferred from Chartley Hall in Staffordshire to Hill Hall, near Abbots Bromley, and then, on 25th September to Fotheringhay Castle, birthplace of King Richard III. She would never leave.
On 14th October 1586, Mary's trial for treason began at Fotheringhay, and she was found guilty on 25th October. In November 1586, Parliament petitioned the queen to execute the Scottish queen, but Elizabeth kept stalling. On 2nd December, Parliament's final day, Elizabeth relented, allowing Mary's death sentence to be proclaimed. However, it took until 1st February 1587 for Elizabeth to finally sign Mary's execution warrant. Mary was beheaded at Fotheringhay on 8th February 1587 - you can click here to read more about that.
Also on this day in Tudor history...
Image: A miniature of Mary, Queen of Scots in captivity by Nicholas Hilliard. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Draft:Dreamland (Putumayo Kids album)
Dreamland is an album released by Putumayo World Music on 20 May 2003. It consists of world lullabies and soothing songs from many cultures sung in many languages. The first and an award winning launch to a series that paved the way for numerous continent specific Dreamland titles The album won the 2004 Oppenheim Toy Portfolio Platinum Award, 2004 ALA/ALSC Notable Recordings for Children Award, 2004 Parents’ Choice Recommended Award, “DiscoverySchool.com” 5-star Award of Excellence and NAPPA Gold Award 2003 In 2022 the album received a track listing update with the order of some songs switched, three songs added and several songs removed
! Original release
! 2022 reissue | WIKI |
Why Rush of Overseas Dealmaking Is Risky for U.S. Companies
3 COMMENTS Global corporate deal making is on fire. The danger is that a lot of value ends up getting burned.
This year so far has seen an explosion of bidding activity and U.S. companies pursuing record volumes of deals at home and even more so overseas. Purchase multiples are elevated too, which suggests company chiefs are taking more risks, emboldened by their firms’ high valuations and earnings prospects.
Many may be rushing into action before rising interest rates make financing more costly or knock confidence among equity investors. There are also growing risks from hard-to-predict political interference and battles over global trade rules .
Globally, mergers and acquisitions announced so far this year total $1.96 trillion, according to Dealogic, more than 60% ahead of the same point in 2017 and just behind the year-to-date record set in 2007.
U.S. buyers are leading the way with a record $840 billion of deals even before more deals announced Monday, including General Electric ’s GE 1.67% $11 billion rail merger with Wabtec . WAB 0.21% The biggest jump though has come in U.S. cross-border deals.
Overseas, U.S. bidders have struck almost $180 billion worth of deals so far this year, which is more than $90 billion ahead of the same period last year and $70 billion ahead of the previous year-to-date peak in 2007.
These deals could yet be called off, but those that go ahead will do so in the face of rising protectionism in trade and potential tariff wars, which could blow up companies’ plans for international growth or cost savings. They could also disrupt the multicountry supply chains that many companies have built in the past two decades.
For U.S. companies, a White House that is unpredictable both in domestic competition policy and in international disputes won’t help. Deals might not be assessed on their own merits alone but become bargaining chips in wider negotiations, particularly with China.
This could help in some cases—like Qualcomm ’s QCOM -0.54% deal for NXP, which appears more likely to get approval in China if the U.S. eases sanctions on China’s ZTE, a telecommunications equipment firm. But it will more likely hurt if Congress pushes through a bill that will make it easier to block Chinese deals in the U.S.
Despite these numbers, bankers and investors say the boom isn’t yet frenzied. This year’s volumes may have been swelled by U.S. activity held back from the final quarter of last year when executives waited to see how they would be affected by the White House’s plans for corporate tax rates.
A Qualcomm baseband modem integrated circuit chip as seen on an iPhone 6. Photo: Brent Lewin/Bloomberg News Multiples are elevated, though: U.S. bidders have been valuing targets at about 15-times trailing earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization on average for the past few years, according to Thomson Reuters , although that has dropped to just under 13-time so far this year. The highest average multiple hit before the financial crisis was 14.5-times in 2005.
It won’t take much to push this deal making wave from one that seems a bit heated to one that looks very risky indeed.
Write to Paul J. Davies at paul.davies@wsj.com | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dogashi Kaden!
The result was delete. Tone 18:27, 22 January 2009 (UTC)
Dogashi Kaden!
* ( [ delete] ) – (View AfD) (View log)
No assertion of notability. In fact, the run for this series was very short. Google search under the Kanji title is not turning up any reliable sources that I can tell. Author also appears to be non-notable. Contested prod. Farix (Talk) 05:01, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
* Delete, fails WP:BK and WP:N. No significant coverage in reliable sources, despite its finish its run months ago. No reviews and article nothing but plot summary. -- Collectonian (talk · contribs) 05:16, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Anime and manga-related deletion discussions. -- Collectonian (talk · contribs) 05:16, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
* Comment JA wiki appears to have two sources...? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:22, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
* One is footnote rather than a source, and the other's citing a bit of invented etymology. —Quasirandom (talk) 14:32, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
* Both are to the manga itself. --Farix (Talk) 14:36, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
* Delete. Short-lived series that didn't take and made no splash. —Quasirandom (talk) 14:32, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
* Delete. No effort done to prove that it deserve to stay on wikipedia, 0 reference, 0 external link, not even one link to the japanese publisher. Sorry that not enough. --KrebMarkt 17:07, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
| WIKI |
The sbv IMPROVER Systems Toxicology computational challenge: Identification of human and species-independent blood response markers as predictors of smoking exposure and cessation status
Authored by V Belcastro, C Poussin, Y Xiang, M Giordano*, KP Tripathi*, A Boda, AT Balci*, I Bilgen*, SD Dhanda*, Z Duan*, X Gong*, R Kumar*, R Romero*, OS Sarac*, AL Tarca*, P Wang*, H Yang*, W Yang*, S Boue, C Zhang*, MR Guarracino*, F Martin, M Peitsch, J Hoeng
Published in Computational Toxicology
* This author is not affiliated with PMI.
Abstract:
Cigarette smoking entails chronic exposure to a mixture of harmful chemicals that trigger molecular changes over time, and is known to increase the risk of developing diseases. Risk assessment in the context of 21st century toxicology relies on the elucidation of mechanisms of toxicity and the identification of exposure response markers, usually from high-throughput data, using advanced computational methodologies. The sbv IMPROVER Systems Toxicology computational challenge (Fall 2015-Spring 2016) aimed to evaluate whether robust and sparse (≤40 genes) human (sub-challenge 1, SC1) and species-independent (sub-challenge 2, SC2) exposure response markers (so called gene signatures) could be extracted from human and mouse blood transcriptomics data of current (S), former (FS) and never (NS) smoke-exposed subjects as predictors of smoking and cessation status. Best-performing computational methods were identified by scoring anonymized participants’ predictions. Worldwide participation resulted in 12 (SC1) and six (SC2) final submissions qualified for scoring. The results showed that blood gene expression data were informative to predict smoking exposure (i.e. discriminating smoker versus never or former smokers) status in human and across species with a high level of accuracy. By contrast, the prediction of cessation status (i.e. distinguishing FS from NS) remained challenging, as reflected by lower classification performances. Participants successfully developed inductive predictive models and extracted human and species-independent gene signatures, including genes with high consensus across teams. Post-challenge analyses highlighted “feature selection” as a key step in the process of building a classifier and confirmed the importance of testing a gene signature in independent cohorts to ensure the generalized applicability of a predictive model at a population-based level. In conclusion, the Systems Toxicology challenge demonstrated the feasibility of extracting a consistent blood-based smoke exposure response gene signature and further stressed the importance of independent and unbiased data and method evaluations to provide confidence in systems toxicology-based scientific conclusions. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
src/HOL/Tools/typedef_codegen.ML
author haftmann
Thu, 08 Jul 2010 16:19:24 +0200
changeset 37744 3daaf23b9ab4
parent 36692 54b64d4ad524
permissions -rw-r--r--
tuned titles
(* Title: HOL/Tools/typedef_codegen.ML
Author: Stefan Berghofer, TU Muenchen
Code generators for trivial typedefs.
*)
signature TYPEDEF_CODEGEN =
sig
val setup: theory -> theory
end;
structure TypedefCodegen: TYPEDEF_CODEGEN =
struct
fun typedef_codegen thy defs dep module brack t gr =
let
fun get_name (Type (tname, _)) = tname
| get_name _ = "";
fun mk_fun s T ts =
let
val (_, gr') = Codegen.invoke_tycodegen thy defs dep module false T gr;
val (ps, gr'') =
fold_map (Codegen.invoke_codegen thy defs dep module true) ts gr';
val id = Codegen.mk_qual_id module (Codegen.get_const_id gr'' s)
in SOME (Codegen.mk_app brack (Codegen.str id) ps, gr'') end;
fun lookup f T =
(* FIXME handle multiple typedef interpretations (!??) *)
(case Typedef.get_info_global thy (get_name T) of
[info] => f info
| _ => "");
in
(case strip_comb t of
(Const (s, Type ("fun", [T, U])), ts) =>
if lookup (#Rep_name o #1) T = s andalso
is_none (Codegen.get_assoc_type thy (get_name T))
then mk_fun s T ts
else if lookup (#Abs_name o #1) U = s andalso
is_none (Codegen.get_assoc_type thy (get_name U))
then mk_fun s U ts
else NONE
| _ => NONE)
end;
fun mk_tyexpr [] s = Codegen.str s
| mk_tyexpr [p] s = Pretty.block [p, Codegen.str (" " ^ s)]
| mk_tyexpr ps s = Pretty.list "(" (") " ^ s) ps;
fun typedef_tycodegen thy defs dep module brack (Type (s, Ts)) gr =
(case Typedef.get_info_global thy s of
(* FIXME handle multiple typedef interpretations (!??) *)
[({abs_type as newT as Type (tname, Us), rep_type = oldT, Abs_name, Rep_name, ...}, _)] =>
if is_some (Codegen.get_assoc_type thy tname) then NONE
else
let
val module' = Codegen.if_library
(Codegen.thyname_of_type thy tname) module;
val node_id = tname ^ " (type)";
val ((((qs, (_, Abs_id)), (_, Rep_id)), ty_id), gr') = gr |> fold_map
(Codegen.invoke_tycodegen thy defs dep module (length Ts = 1))
Ts ||>>
Codegen.mk_const_id module' Abs_name ||>>
Codegen.mk_const_id module' Rep_name ||>>
Codegen.mk_type_id module' s;
val tyexpr = mk_tyexpr qs (Codegen.mk_qual_id module ty_id)
in
SOME (tyexpr, case try (Codegen.get_node gr') node_id of
NONE =>
let
val (p :: ps, gr'') = fold_map
(Codegen.invoke_tycodegen thy defs node_id module' false)
(oldT :: Us) (Codegen.add_edge (node_id, dep)
(Codegen.new_node (node_id, (NONE, "", "")) gr'));
val s =
Codegen.string_of (Pretty.block [Codegen.str "datatype ",
mk_tyexpr ps (snd ty_id),
Codegen.str " =", Pretty.brk 1, Codegen.str (Abs_id ^ " of"),
Pretty.brk 1, p, Codegen.str ";"]) ^ "\n\n" ^
Codegen.string_of (Pretty.block [Codegen.str ("fun " ^ Rep_id),
Pretty.brk 1, Codegen.str ("(" ^ Abs_id), Pretty.brk 1,
Codegen.str "x) = x;"]) ^ "\n\n" ^
(if member (op =) (!Codegen.mode) "term_of" then
Codegen.string_of (Pretty.block [Codegen.str "fun ",
Codegen.mk_term_of gr'' module' false newT, Pretty.brk 1,
Codegen.str ("(" ^ Abs_id), Pretty.brk 1,
Codegen.str "x) =", Pretty.brk 1,
Pretty.block [Codegen.str ("Const (\"" ^ Abs_name ^ "\","),
Pretty.brk 1, Codegen.mk_type false (oldT --> newT),
Codegen.str ")"], Codegen.str " $", Pretty.brk 1,
Codegen.mk_term_of gr'' module' false oldT, Pretty.brk 1,
Codegen.str "x;"]) ^ "\n\n"
else "") ^
(if member (op =) (!Codegen.mode) "test" then
Codegen.string_of (Pretty.block [Codegen.str "fun ",
Codegen.mk_gen gr'' module' false [] "" newT, Pretty.brk 1,
Codegen.str "i =", Pretty.brk 1,
Pretty.block [Codegen.str (Abs_id ^ " ("),
Codegen.mk_gen gr'' module' false [] "" oldT, Pretty.brk 1,
Codegen.str "i);"]]) ^ "\n\n"
else "")
in Codegen.map_node node_id (K (NONE, module', s)) gr'' end
| SOME _ => Codegen.add_edge (node_id, dep) gr')
end
| _ => NONE)
| typedef_tycodegen thy defs dep module brack _ gr = NONE;
val setup =
Codegen.add_codegen "typedef" typedef_codegen
#> Codegen.add_tycodegen "typedef" typedef_tycodegen
end; | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Useful notes when trying a development firmware
Do not downgrade to an older firmware without contacting us first.
You are at risk of losing your custom settings.
[LCD] Press the top and bottom center buttons for 10 seconds if you need to force it to restart.
[Mini] Press the button 12 times if you need to force it to restart.
Hardware change
Changes casings to improve hold against the arm and avoid the need to remove the strap to charge.
Fixes rare difficult start after 3+ months unused.
Fixes rare spurious battery charging notification.
Upgrades battery gauge.
Upgrades GNSS oscillator.
Upgrades WiFi filter.
[LCD] Upgrades radio chipset and oscillator.
3202 (bugfix)
Collection of bugfixes.
10Hz is downgraded to 5Hz on uBlox M10 devices until I achieve zero lost points. Previous devices are unaffected.
3190 (development)
Simplifies and clarifies timezones, speed units and distance units.
[LCD] Brings back live configuration of brightness, timezone, speed unit and distance unit.
3183 (development)
Fixes an end of run detection issue.
3181 (development)
Adds HDOP data to 1Hz GPX files. These are only convenience files for users of Strava and similar. Always use OAO files for competitions.
3180 (development)
Improves GNSS configuration.
Improves the alignment between live statistics and competition rules.
[LCD] Adds SYNC feature to countdowns.
3176 (development)
Changes the Alpha 500m minimum speed filter to accomodate slow downs to near-standstill which, it turns out, are allowed by competitions.
3175 (release)
Full tick Alpha 500m according to Michael George's https://logiqx.github.io/gps-wizard/alpha-racing/.
In worst case scenarios, devices will now restart and resume logging on their own.
You can now have the device connect to your own WiFi networks (configurable in settings). This will allow your computer/smartphone to stay connected to the internet and will make it easier to view the embedded map on each log's page.
You can now connect to the embedded website through a convenient url like http://motion-IDENTIFIER/ so http://motion-602/ for example.
[LCD] New pages like stopwatch, countdown, a summary of your best results. New templates for custom pages.
[LCD] Display will now wake up every minute to show charge status when the device is off but charging.
[LCD] You can now set a racing countdown that will switch to your favourite page upon completion (configurable in settings).
[Mini] LED can now blink red every 10 seconds in normal use (configurable in settings).
[Mini] LED can now blink your four favourite statistics (configurable in settings).
[Mini] LED will now blink the battery level every 10 seconds when the device is off but charging.
[Mini] Press the button three times to connect the device to your own WiFi network (after configuring its login/password in the settings through the normal WiFi mode). The LED will blink red/green while searching for a viable network then stay green when connected.
[Mini] You can now exit WiFi mode and resume normal mode by pressing the button twice or thrice.
3173 (candidate)
Untrustworthy WiFi networks (public, event, clubhouse, restaurant, company, ...) can now be forbidden from editing or deleting data.
3170 (development)
Devices will now automatically restart and resume logging after a panic (shouldn't happen).
[LCD] Fixes a major random crash issue.
[M10] GNSS configuration changes.
3142 (development)
[Mini M10] GNSS configuration changes.
[Mini] While charging, the LED will blink every 10 seconds to indicate the charge level. It will quit blinking once fully charged.
3130 (candidate)
Battery scale improvement.
[LCD] Shows the identifier of the device on the charging-status-when-off screen.
[LCD] Fixes a low power entry regression: screen would dim down as soon as speed was below threshold. Adds back a 2min delay.
3125 (candidate)
Fixes a minor issue when cancelling a WiFi connection attempt.
3124 (candidate)
Allows many more different characters in the board, sail, fin, etc fields.
Fixes two minor issues in Alpha 500m.
3120 (candidate)
[LCD] Low power modes improvements.
[LCD] Fixes an issue when exiting the countdown setup without confirming it.
3119 (candidate)
[LCD] Fixes an issue when the color scheme is switched.
[LCD] Changes the panic reset trigger to top right + bottom center buttons during 10 seconds.
3118 (candidate)
Fixes an issue when archived logs had their statistics recomputed.
[LCD] Results > Bests now show Max, 1s, 2s, 10s, 5x10s, 1h, 100m, 250m, 500m, 1852m, A500m and distance.
3117 (development)
Changes Alpha 500m minimum speed to 1m/s.
[LCD] Fixes an issue when the page switched to Results or Customs after a countdown.
[Mini] Improves the webserver speed.
3116 (development)
Alpha 500m is now full-Hz.
Safe mode change
From this point on, the safe mode WiFi network will be named "Motion Safe IDENTIFIER" to avoid shadowing the normal WiFi network named "Motion IDENTIFIER". This is not backported to older devices as the safe mode is burned during assembly.
3115 (development)
Alpha 500m corrections according to https://github.com/Logiqx/gps-wizard/blob/main/python/examples/alpha_test_v2.ipynb.
[Mini] When the device is off and placed on its charging pad, the usual three LED flashes indicating the current battery level will be replaced by a 10 seconds green LED when the battery is completely recharged.
3110 (development)
Increases 1Hz and 2Hz battery life.
Reduces energy burden in WiFi modes.
[LCD] Increases the speed at which the pages change when left or right button is kept pressed.
[Mini] Decreases the delay before the device reacts to button presses.
[Mini] Changes red LED flash every 12 seconds to every 10 seconds (to better suit the new low power improvements).
3109 (development)
[LCD] Adds two more custom page templates: 6 rows x 2 columns (small font, fading titles) and 6 rows x 2 columns (small font, permanent titles limited to 4 characters).
[Mini] Increases the duration of the red LED on shutdown to 10 seconds.
3108 (development)
[LCD] When the device is off and placed on a charging pad, it will now wake up a few seconds every 5 minutes to display "Charging xx%" until charging is complete. The percentage is very approximative. You can also check on it yourself by pressing the bottom center button once. Pressing the button longer would start the device in normal mode, as usual.
[LCD] Adds a new "Bests" page to "Results" showing the best performance of each most commonly used statistics.
3107 (development)
Complete webserver overhaul.
[Mini] Adds back the possibility to exit WiFi mode and resume normal mode by pressing the button two or three times.
Hardware change
Wireless power receiver change.
GNSS receiver is now an uBlox M10.
[LCD] Will last 72+ hours in 5Hz 3-GNSS + Augmentation with no display use, 36+ hours with default display settings, 29+ hours with constant display use at 10% brightness, 14+ hours with constant display use at 100% brightness.
[Mini] Will last 24+ hours in 5Hz 3-GNSS + Augmentation.
3106 (development)
Adds the possibility to connect the device to your own regular WiFi network(s) instead of you connecting to the device's internal network. So you can stay connected to the internet.
Adds motion-IDENTIFIER as a convenient link to access the webserver. Examples: http://motion-409/ or http://motion-2721/
[Mini] Adds connection to your regular WiFi network(s) on 3 button presses. Keeps regular WiFi access on 2 button presses.
3105 (development)
Fixes an issue when the webserver was started, stopped, started, stopped, ...
[LCD] Adds stopwatch and countdown to Time menu.
[LCD] Adds default countdown length setting.
[LCD] Adds the possibility to switch to another page immediately after countdown end (to be configured in the settings).
3104 (development)
Improves number formatting.
Improves panic restart efficiency.
[Mini] Adds panic restart by pressing the button 12 times or more.
[Mini] Improves button presses recognition, lengthens time between possible sequential presses.
[Mini] Cancels the incoming "optional red LED flash every 12 seconds" if the button has been pressed (to avoid confusion).
[Mini] Changes the default custom LED flashes settings.
3100 (development)
Adds Michael George's Alpha 500m algorithm https://logiqx.github.io/gps-wizard/alpha-racing/ (using minimum distance 100m instead of the default 250m, and minimum speed 2m/s instead of the default 1m/s)
Adds a 3min wait period to the logger after startup or wireless mode to avoid useless tiny logs.
Changes uBlox M8 configuration sequence (not the configuration itself).
[LCD] Adds Alpha 500m in Results.
[LCD] Will now show --.-- in lieu of live speed when the solution is unreliable.
[LCD] Improves tiny font window titles.
[Mini] Adds a red LED flash every 12 seconds (to be enabled in the settings).
[Mini] Adds custom LED flashes to view speed (to be configured in the settings). 1 red flash for each 10. 1 green flash for each 1. In user-defined speed unit. Example: 36kn equals 3 red flashes and 6 green flashes. A constant value can be substracted from the speed to reduce the amount of red flashes. If you are only interested in your speeds above 30kn, you can substract 30 thus 36kn now equals 6 green flashes only. And 42kn would now equal 1 red flash and 2 green flashes.
3085
Changes GPX format to be more versatile. GPX files are meant for Strava (and similar) users. For competitions, always use the OAO files.
[LCD] Adds two more custom page templates: 6 rows (small font, permanent titles) and 4 rows x 2 columns (small font, permanent titles limited to 4 characters).
[LCD] Improves the use of whitespace to increase contrast.
Hardware change
[LCD] Starting with identifier 2800, the wireless charging coil will now be centered in the device.
November 2022
[LCD] Maps and tracks. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Karvonen
Etymology
Possibly, but it is more likely that there is a different origin, perhaps from such names that contain Garva- (🇨🇬, ; perhaps from ). | WIKI |
An infinite recursion problem caused by python's descriptor and property
Source: Internet
Author: User
This article mainly introduces an infinite recursion problem caused by the descriptor and property of python, for more information about the problem, see the following. I have a python code similar to this:
The code is as follows:
# Coding: UTF-8
Class A (object ):
@ Property
Def _ value (self ):
# Raise AttributeError ("test ")
Return {"v": "This is a test ."}
Def _ getattr _ (self, key ):
Print "_ getattr __:", key
Return self. _ value [key]
If _ name _ = '_ main __':
A = ()
Print a. v
You can get the correct result after running
The code is as follows:
_ Getattr __: v
This is a test.
However, note that
The code is as follows:
# Raise AttributeError ("test ")
If the comment in this line is removed, the AttributeError exception is thrown in the _ value method, which makes things somewhat strange. When the program runs, it does not throw an exception, but enters an infinite recursion:
The code is as follows:
File "attr_test.py", line 12, in _ getattr __
Return self. _ value [key]
File "attr_test.py", line 12, in _ getattr __
Return self. _ value [key]
RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object
After searching through multiple parties, the problem is found to be a property modifier. property is actually a descriptor. This text can be found in python doc:
The code is as follows:
Object. _ get _ (self, instance, owner)
Called to get the attribute of the owner class (class attribute access) or of an instance of that class (instance attribute access ). owner is always the owner class, while instance is the instance that the attribute was accessed through, or None when the attribute is accessed through the owner. this method shocould return the (computed) attribute value or raise an AttributeError exception.
In this way, when the user accesses. _ value, AttributeError is thrown, and the _ getattr _ method is called to try to obtain it. In this way, the program becomes infinite recursion.
This problem does not seem complicated, but when your _ value method throws AttributeError in a relatively obscure manner, debugging will be more difficult.
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/All-ones vector
The result was delete. Cirt (talk) 10:14, 15 January 2010 (UTC)
All-ones vector
* – ( View AfD View log • )
Self-explanatory notion. Even though it's used in many books, I couldn't find any engaging in the pedantry of defining it, so a separate article seems unwarranted as a trivial mathematical WP:DICTDEF. Agreed to delete in this discussion at WT:WPM but deprodded by an uninvolved admin. So here we go by the book. Pcap ping 20:19, 6 January 2010 (UTC)
* Not suitable for Wikipedia; maybe suitable for Wiktionary. Delete it. — Carl (CBM · talk) 20:57, 6 January 2010 (UTC)
* Delete: It started with this question, The all-ones vector, and how to notate it, on the reference desk, after which the questioner then seemed to think it was worthy of its own article. In some ways almost notable in a "how not to follow up on a unresolved RD post" way. But as a maths topic no.-- John Blackburne (words ‡ deeds) 21:05, 6 January 2010 (UTC)
* Merge: with Boolean algebras canonically defined. The term is used that article and Boolean algebras seem to be the only area where it's used in a non-trivial way. I suggest adding the definition to the Boolean algebras article even though the term is self-explanatory, if only for completeness. There is an article (Zhegalkin polynomial, also Boolean algebra related) that links to this one and it could just as well point to the a definition in the Boolean algebras article. The notation section can be deleted, basically there is no standard notation and an unreferenced list of possible notations has little value.--RDBury (talk) 15:02, 7 January 2010 (UTC)
* I'm not sure a merge+redirect is necessary. You can clarify the target article without much need to include the rater opaque definition from All-ones vector: "The all-ones vector for a specific basis of a specific vector space is the vector with a length of one when projected onto each basis vector." I had to read it twice the first time to figure out what it was saying, but then, I'm not a mathematician. Pcap ping 15:50, 7 January 2010 (UTC)
* Now that you mention it, it seems pretty unlikely that the sense intended in Boolean algebra has anything to do with vector spaces so copying the definition there wouldn't make sense. I still think the redirect should exist, but the definition should be rewritten and added to the Boolean algebra article.--RDBury (talk) 19:22, 7 January 2010 (UTC)
* The rewrite would be sum of the basis vectors, but why link? Septentrionalis PMAnderson 04:37, 14 January 2010 (UTC)
* Transwiki to Wikionary, failing which, Delete. Wikipedia is not for dictonary defitiontions, which this clearly seems to be. -- Sk8er5000 (talk) 07:50, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
* This definition is unsourced (and clumsy, so it may not be sourceable). Septentrionalis PMAnderson 04:37, 14 January 2010 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Consumer Sector Update for 07/18/2016: FCAU,GRPN,HAS
Top Consumer Stocks
WMT +0.22%
MCD +0.11%
DIS +0.41%
CVS -0.10%
KO +0.04%
Consumer stocks were mixed today, with shares of consumer staples companies in the S&P 500 declining less than 0.1% while shares of consumer discretionary firms in the S&P 500 were rising 0.4%.
In company news, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV ( FCAU ) reportedly is the subject of a U.S. Justice Department probe, Bloomberg said this afternoon, citing people familiar with the matter.
The government is investigating whether Fiat Chrysler violated securities laws, the sources said, adding the inquiry is in its early stages. The company did not respond to telephone and e-mail requests for comment, Bloomberg said. Representatives for the Justice Department and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission also declined to comment.
A suburban Chicago auto group filed a civil racketeering suit against Fiat Chrysler in January, alleging the company offered money to dealers to inflate sales numbers. At the time, the company denied the claims and said the suit was without merit, asserting it was "confident in the integrity of its business processes and dealer arrangements."
The company will report quarterly earnings on July 27.
FCAU shares were narrowly lower this afternoon, falling about 0.1% to $6.75 apiece, dropping to a session low of $6.55 a share soon after the report first aired late this morning but have since traded in a tight range either side of its break-even mark today of $6.76 a share.
In other sector news,
(+) GRPN, Upgrade to Overweight from Neutral at Piper Jaffray, which also raised its price target for the stock by $2 to $6 a share.
(-) HAS, Adjusted Q2 EPS of $0.41 per share beats Capital IQ consensus by $0.02 per share. Revenue rises 10.2% over last year to $878.9 mln, also exceeding the $859.3 mln Street view.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
Copyright (C) 2016 MTNewswires.com. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
House of Petre and Mile Želčevski
The House of Petre and Mile Želčevski is a historical house in Galičnik that is listed as Cultural heritage of North Macedonia. It is in ownership of one branch of the families of Želčevski and Graorkovski.
History of the family
The family of Želčevski stems from the family of Ognenovci. From Ognenovci, they share roots with the families of Karadakovci, Luzevci, Marevci, Ževairovci, Bundalevci, Venovci, Šotarovci, Bislimovci and Tripunovci.
Notable members of the family
* Mile Želčeski (1903-1986) ― migrant worker living in Cairo, Egypt. During an official visit of the Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito in Egypt, he used to be Tito's translator from Arabic to Serbo-Croatian and vice versa.
* Risto Želčeski ― the first Macedonian graduate of economics at the Sorbonne Faculty.
History and characteristics of the house
The house of the Cairo migrant workers Petre and Mile Želčeski was built in 1909 by their father Trpko. The building is a stone cube that sprouts from the steep terrain. The house basically has dimensions of 13 × 10.5 m and was developed in height of three floors, using the terrain configuration to fit the basement, ground floor and first floor. Thus, four entrances were created, two of which were made of stone monumental portals. In a constructive sense, the building is primarily built of load-bearing stone walls (thickness of 90 cm), partially bondruk construction with bolme walls (thickness of 15 cm), wooden mezzanine and ceiling wooden construction. In the house there is a clear differentiation in the functional sense of the premises. In the basement there are two grocery stores - one shop for each brother, one storeroom and wooden stairs on the ground floor. Considering that the building is built to be inhabited by two brothers with their families on the ground floor and the first floor has the following rooms: of both families, on the first floor there are two bedrooms, a guest house, a small chapel and the most impressive thing is the large common balcony 4 × 13 m with two entrances and 12 windows. On the facade around the whole loggia are placed wooden planks - curtains that correspond to the stone. | WIKI |
chemistry-concepts
Basic Concepts of Chemistry
The advancement of science and technology has actually offered us a lot of facilities in everyday life. Imagine the role and importance of petrochemical products, medicines, and drugs, soap, cleaning agents, paper, plastics, paints and pigments, insecticides, pesticides which all are the fruit of the chemistry.
The advancement of the chemical market has actually likewise produced toxic wastes, polluted water, and polluted air around us. On the other hand, chemistry also provides understanding and techniques to improve our health and environment and to explore and to save natural resources.
Chemistry
Chemistry, the science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of substances, the changes they go through, and the energy that is emancipated or absorbed during these processes.
Branches of Chemistry
Chemistry is divided into the following main branches: physical chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, industrial chemistry, nuclear chemistry, environmental chemistry, and analytical chemistry.
Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry is specified as the branch of chemistry that handles the relationship between the composition and physical properties of matter in addition to the changes produced in them.
The properties such as the structure of atoms or formation of molecules, the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids, and the research study of the effect of temperature level or radiation on the matter are studied under this branch.
Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry is the study of covalent compounds of carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbons) and their derivatives. Organic substances are present naturally as well as manufactured in the laboratories. Organic chemistry determines the structure and properties of these naturally occurring in addition to synthesized compounds. The scope of this branch covers petroleum, petrochemicals, and pharmaceutical industries.
chemistry-organic
Inorganic Chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with the study of all elements and their substances except those of carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbons) and their derivatives. It has a variety of applications in the chemical industry such as glass, cement, ceramics, and metallurgy (extraction of metals from ores).
chemistry-Inorganic
Biochemistry
It is the branch of chemistry in which we study the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances present in living organisms. It covers all chemical reactions and processes taking place in living organisms, such as synthesis and metabolic processes of biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Biochemistry emerged as a separate discipline when researchers started to study how living things get energy from food or how the fundamental biological modifications take place. Examples of applications of biochemistry are in the fields of medicine, food science, and farming.
Further Reading: Silicon and Compounds of Silicon
Industrial Chemistry
The branch of chemistry that deals with the production of chemical compounds on an industrial scale is called industrial chemistry. It deals with the production of standard chemicals such as oxygen, chlorine, ammonia, caustic soda, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid.
These chemicals supply raw products for lots of other markets such as fertilizers, soap, textiles, agricultural products, paints and paper, and so on.
Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the radioactivity, nuclear procedures, and properties. The main purpose of this branch is to deal with atomic energy and its uses in daily life. It also involves the study of the chemical effects resulting from the absorption of radiation within animals, plants, and other products. It has vast applications in medical treatment (radiotherapy), conservation of food and generation of electrical power through atomic power plants, and so on.
chemistry-nuclear
Environmental Chemistry
It is the branch of chemistry in which we study parts of the environment and the results of human activities on the environment. Environmental chemistry is related to other branches like biology, geology, ecology, soil, and water. The understanding of chemical processes happening in the environment is required for its improvement and protection against pollution.
Analytical Chemistry
Analytical chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the separation and analysis of a sample to determine its composition. The separation is carried out for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis provides the identity of a substance (structure of chemical species).
On the other hand, the quantitative analysis identifies the amount of each component present in the sample. For this reason, in this branch, various techniques and instruments utilized for analysis are studied. The scope of this branch covers food, water, ecological and clinical analysis.
Fundamental Terms in Chemistry
Matter
Anything that has some mass and occupies some space is called matter. Whatever around you is matter. Matter exists in four states i.e.
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma
Atom
The atom is the tiniest particle of an element, which can take part in a chemical reaction.
chemistry-atom
Earlier, it was believed that matter is comprised of simple, indivisible particles. Greek philosophers believed that matter could be divided into smaller and smaller sized particles to reach a standard unit, which might not be more sub-divided. Democritus (460-370 B.C.) called these particles Atomos, derived from the word “Atomos” means indivisible or to not cut. However, the ideas of Greek theorists were not based on speculative proofs.
Further Reading: Phospholipids - Definition, Structure, Classification, Functions of Phospholipids
In the late 17th century, the quantitative research of the composition of pure compounds divulged that a few elements were the components of lots of different compounds. It was likewise investigated how elements combined to form compounds and how compounds could be broken down into their constituent elements.
In 1808, an English school teacher, John Dalton, recognized that the law of conservation of matter and the law of definite proportions could be explained by the presence of atoms. He established an atomic theory; the primary postulate of which is that all matter is made up of atoms of different elements, which differ in their properties.
Examples: He (Helium), N(Nitrogen), Ne (Neon) etc.
Sub-Atomic Particles
The modern studies have clearly revealed that an atom is further composed of subatomic particles like electron, proton, neutron, hydron, neutrino, anti-neutrino, etc. More than 100 such particles are believed to exist in an atom. However, electron, proton, and neutron are regarded as the fundamental particles of atoms.
chemistry-Sub-Atomic
Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol e ⁻ or β ⁻, whose electrical charge is negative one elementary charge.
Proton
A proton is a subatomic particle, symbol p or p ⁺, with a positive electric charge of +1 e elementary charge.
Neutron
The neutron is a subatomic particle, sign n or n ⁰, which has a neutral charge and a mass somewhat greater than that of a proton.
Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms.
Atomic Number
The atomic number or proton number of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. It is represented by the sign ‘Z’.
For instance, all hydrogen atoms have 1 proton, their atomic number is Z= l. All atoms in carbon have 6 protons, their atomic number is Z= 6. Likewise, in oxygen all atoms have 8 protons having atomic number Z= 8, and sulphur having 16 protons reveals atomic number Z = 16.
Atomic Mass
The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom. It is represented by the symbol ‘A’.
Formula: A= Z+ n.
Example:
The carbon atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, hence its mass number A= 12.
Further Reading: Properties, Uses, & Isotopes of Fluorine
Element
An element is a pure substance that can not be broken down by chemical methods, consisting of atoms which have identical numbers of protons in their atomic nuclei.
Example: Sodium, Copper, etc
Elements occur in nature in a free or combined state. All the naturally occurring components found in nature have different percentages in the earth’s crust, oceans, and atmosphere. Elements might be solids, liquids, or gases. The bulk of the elements exist as solids e.g. zinc, gold, and so on. There are really few components which happen in liquid state e.g. mercury and bromine. A couple of components exist as gases e.g. nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, and hydrogen.
On the basis of their properties, elements are divided into metals, non-metals, and metalloids. About 80 percent of the elements are metals.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: What is chemical reaction?
Ans: The procedure which involves the change in arrangement, properties sometimes physical or chemical or sometimes both and there is the formation of new product is called chemical reaction.
Q2: Which branch of chemistry deals with carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins?
Ans: Biochemistry is that branch in which we study the composition, reaction and properties of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, or any compound present in living things.
Q3: If you have to prepare chemical compound (say ammonia) commercially which branch will deal with it?
Ans: Industrial chemistry is the branch that deals with the preparation of chemical compounds commercially or on industrial scale. It involves standard chemicals such as chlorine, sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen, etc. which are the raw material for other compounds like fertilizers, soap industry, etc.
Q4: What is the difference between electron and proton?
Electron Proton
The subatomic particle with negative charge. The subatomic particle with positive charge.
Present outside the nucleus. Present inside the nucleus.
Mass of electron is 9.1 x 10 -31 kg Mass of proton is 1.672 x 10 -27 kg
Q5: Difference between Atom and Element?
Atom Element
The basic unit of element. Composed of same type of atoms.
They are the tiniest particles. They are bigger.
Q6: Difference between atomic number and atomic mass?
Atomic number Atomic mass
The number of protons in an atom is called atomic number Sum of number of protons and neutrons in nucleus of atom.
Represented by ‘Z’ Represented by ‘A’ | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
org.apache.wicket.examples.ajax.builtin
Class RatingsPage.RatingModel
java.lang.Object
extended by org.apache.wicket.examples.ajax.builtin.RatingsPage.RatingModel
All Implemented Interfaces:
java.io.Serializable, IClusterable
Enclosing class:
RatingsPage
public static class RatingsPage.RatingModel
extends java.lang.Object
implements IClusterable
Rating model for storing the ratings, typically this comes from a database.
See Also:
Serialized Form
Constructor Summary
RatingsPage.RatingModel()
Method Summary
void addRating(int nrOfStars)
Adds the vote from the user to the total of votes, and calculates the rating.
java.lang.Integer getNrOfVotes()
Gets the number of cast votes.
java.lang.Double getRating()
Gets the rating.
int getSumOfRatings()
Returns the sum of the ratings.
boolean isActive(int star)
Returns whether the star should be rendered active.
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
Constructor Detail
RatingsPage.RatingModel
public RatingsPage.RatingModel()
Method Detail
isActive
public boolean isActive(int star)
Returns whether the star should be rendered active.
Parameters:
star - the number of the star
Returns:
true when the star is active
getNrOfVotes
public java.lang.Integer getNrOfVotes()
Gets the number of cast votes.
Returns:
the number of cast votes.
addRating
public void addRating(int nrOfStars)
Adds the vote from the user to the total of votes, and calculates the rating.
Parameters:
nrOfStars - the number of stars the user has cast
getRating
public java.lang.Double getRating()
Gets the rating.
Returns:
the rating
getSumOfRatings
public int getSumOfRatings()
Returns the sum of the ratings.
Returns:
the sum of the ratings.
Copyright © 2006-2011 Apache Software Foundation. All Rights Reserved. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The first and last journeys of Thoreau - lately discovered among his unpublished journals and manuscripts.djvu/55
we had from Ellen; and we have also heard directly from there by John Thoreau."
A slight notice of John's visit also came from Ellen to her aunt, accompanying some flowers pressed in a pamphlet sermon, on the inside of the cover of which the maiden wrote, "I have enjoyed Mr. John's visit exceedingly, though sorry that father and mother were not at home."
How sorry she was for their absence we may well imagine. And now for,—
I.THOREAU'S DIARY OF THE FIRST VOYAGE
On the Merrimac River, September 2, 1839
Early this morning we were again on our way, steering through the fog as before. The countrymen, recruited by the day of rest [Sunday being the day before], were already awake, and had begun to cross the ferry on the business of the week. The fog soon dispersed and we rowed leisurely along, with a clear sky and a mild atmosphere, between the territories of Dunstable [7] | WIKI |
Parallel Computing Example
I’ve always wondered how parallel computing works. One of my fascinations with computers has been the ability to seem like it’s doing more than one thing at once. Granted the computer is doing one thing after another really really quick. So it would be safe to say that parallel computing is doing more than one thing one item at a time. With multi-processor and multi- core computers being so prevalent in today’s world this concept is really fascinating to me.
What this program does is run two programs that do the same basic thing. Find all the prime numbers of a random range of numbers a specified number of times. I chose a prime number calculation because I wanted to put some kind of load on the CPU for X amount of times.
ParallelProgram ParallelSolution
One program runs with the TimeKeeper class and reports the elapsed time to finish said program. The second program simply runs the prime number loop a specified number of times. No time keeping being done. The number of times the test is run via the constructor calls. This is just a simple console program doing a proof of concept thing for me. No real user interface, logic, logging, and very basic error checking are being done.
The two main methods being run from Program.cs are runWithTimeKeeper() and testPerformance().
Again, if you want to look at the program source on your own machine you can download it.
Conversion.cs code contents
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace _3rdModule
{
public static class Conversion
{
// Public methods.
//
public static int ConvertUserInput(string value)
{
return _convertUserInput(value);
}
// Private methods.
//
private static int _convertUserInput(string value)
{
int convertedString;
if (int.TryParse(value, out convertedString))
return convertedString;
else
return 0;
}
}
}
This class is really simple. All this is doing it taking the users input and attempting to convert it into a number for use.
DoMath.cs code contents
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace _3rdModule
{
public static class DoMath
{
// Public Methods
//
public static bool IsPrime(int number)
{
return _isPrime(number);
}
// Private Methods
//
private static bool _isPrime(int number)
{
bool result = true;
for (long i = 2; i < number; i++)
{
if (number % i == 0)
{
result = false;
break;
}
}
return result;
}
}
}
This class is taking a number and finding all of the prime numbers that the specified number can have.
TimeKeeper.cs code contents
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Diagnostics;
namespace _3rdModule
{
public class TimeKeeper
{
public TimeSpan Measure(Action action)
{
Stopwatch watch = new Stopwatch();
watch.Start();
action();
return watch.Elapsed;
}
}
}
This is a simple time keeper class that uses the stop watch class to measure elapsed time. This is used in one of the programs to measure how long it took to find all the prime numbers a specified amount of time.
TestPerformance.cs code contents
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace _3rdModule
{
public class TestPerformance
{
// Private Fields
//
private Random _random;
// Public Read-Only Fields
//
public List<int> RandomIntList { get; private set; }
// Constructors
//
public TestPerformance()
{
_random = new Random();
RandomIntList = new List<int>();
}
// Public Methods
//
// Default method that adds random numbers to a list a random number of times.
// This method can take a really long time to run. Use with caution.
public void AddToIntList()
{
int randomTimesToTest = _random.Next(1, 1234);
int randomNumberToAdd;
for (int i = 0; i < randomTimesToTest; i++)
{
randomNumberToAdd = _random.Next(1, 123456789);
RandomIntList.Add(randomNumberToAdd);
}
}
// Overloaded method that adds random numbers to a list based on how many times the user specifies.
public void AddToIntList(int timeToTest)
{
int randomNumberToAdd;
for (int i = 0; i < timeToTest; i++)
{
randomNumberToAdd = _random.Next(1, 123456789);
RandomIntList.Add(randomNumberToAdd);
}
}
}
}
This class is where things start to come together. It implements private, public read-only fields, and public methods.
The constructor creates the random number private field and the read-only random number list.
The public method AddToIntList is overloaded. One accepts no parameters. The other accepts an int value to specify how many times the for loop. Both loops add random numbers to the read-only list.
These numbers will be used in the prime number calculations.
The method with no parameters has a random specified number of times the for loop runs.
The method with a parameter takes said parameter and executes that for loop said number of times.
Program.cs code contents
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Diagnostics;
namespace _3rdModule
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Since the programs don't depend on one another run in parallel.
Parallel.Invoke(() =>
{
// Run one program.
runWithTimeKeeper();
}, () =>
{
// Run another program.
testPerformance("5");
}
);
Console.ReadLine();
}
// Private Methods.
//
// Method used to test performance with a random set of numbers and calculate if those numbers are prime.
private static void testPerformance()
{
TestPerformance testAppWithRandomInts = new TestPerformance();
testAppWithRandomInts.AddToIntList();
foreach (int item in testAppWithRandomInts.RandomIntList)
{
Console.WriteLine("Number Tested: {0}", item);
Console.WriteLine("Is A Prime Number: {0}", DoMath.IsPrime(item));
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.WriteLine("Total Numbers Tested: {0}", testAppWithRandomInts.RandomIntList.Count);
}
// Method used to test performance with a user specified amount of numbers and calculate if those numbers are prime.
private static void testPerformance(string timesToTest)
{
Console.WriteLine();
// Convert the string into a number.
int numberOfTests = Conversion.ConvertUserInput(timesToTest);
TestPerformance testSpecificTimes = new TestPerformance();
testSpecificTimes.AddToIntList(numberOfTests);
foreach (int item in testSpecificTimes.RandomIntList)
{
Console.WriteLine("Number Tested: {0}", item);
Console.WriteLine("Is A Prime Number: {0}", DoMath.IsPrime(item));
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.WriteLine("Total Numbers Tested: {0}", testSpecificTimes.RandomIntList.Count);
}
// Method that runs with a time keeper started.
private static void runWithTimeKeeper()
{
TimeKeeper timeKeeper = new TimeKeeper();
var elapsedTime = timeKeeper.Measure(() => testPerformance("7"));
Console.WriteLine("Time To Run: {0}", elapsedTime);
}
}
}
First thing you will notice is the use of the Parallel.Invoke() method. You will calls to the two programs.
The runWithTimeKeeper() method makes the call that uses the stopwatch to calculate the elapsed time to finish the program while running the random number generator loop 7 times. Yes this is hard coded I know. This isn’t a production application.. 🙂
The testPerfomance() method call is specifying the amount of times the random number loops are to run.
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Talk:Enotourism
Name
Is "Enotourism" really a well-known word? I had no idea what it meant. Maybe if it was "Oenotourism", I'd have figured it out. LtPowers (talk) 02:35, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
* I've never heard of the term, and my dictionary comes up with nada. Wine tourism is a big activity near my region, and that is always what it is referred to. I think a move to that name would be better. JamesA >talk 03:18, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
* That's where it was until yesterday. LtPowers (talk) 17:53, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
* Yeah, I've never heard it either, and since we typically use the most common word rather than the technically correct one, I have moved it back. It appears that the original move to Enotourism didn't bring the associated talk page with it, so now we have this random redirect talk page too, but I suppose that is not a problem... Texugo (talk) 18:03, 6 April 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Gladstone Memorial, London
The Gladstone Memorial on the Strand, London is a bronze sculpture of the British statesman, created by Hamo Thornycroft between 1899-1905. The statue was erected as the national memorial to Gladstone and shows him in the robes of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The figure stands on a plinth surrounded by allegorical figures depicting four of the Virtues, Courage, Brotherhood, Education and Aspiration. The memorial is a Grade II listed structure.
History
William Ewart Gladstone (1809-1898) served four terms as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom between 1868 and 1894. One of outstanding political figures of Victorian England, he sought to reform the electoral franchise through the Representation of the People Act 1884 and the introduction of secret ballots; pursued free trade and attempted to "pacify Ireland" through Home Rule. Although personally opposed to imperial expansion, his terms of office saw major foreign engagements including the death of General Gordon at Khartoum, the Mahdist War and the outbreak of the First Boer War.
Following Gladstone’s death in 1898, a committee was established to raise funds for a national memorial. The commission was given to Hamo Thornycroft. Born into a family of sculptors, by the 1880s Thornycroft had established his own reputation as a distinguished artist. He had already received commissions for commemorative sculptures around Westminster, including statues of Oliver Cromwell, outside the House of Commons, and General Gordon in Trafalgar Square. The commission took Thornycroft six years and the statue was not finally unveiled until 1906. The unveiling ceremony was conducted by John Morley, a member of Gladstone's Cabinets and his biographer. The cost was £8,000.
Reception
The critic Edmund Gosse wrote to congratulate Thornycroft after the memorial's completion; "It is so dignified, so solid and the head so magnificent,; you have got that look of frenzy in the eye that all his best portraits have". Simon Bradley, in the 2003 revised version London 6: Westminster of the Pevsner Buildings of England series, describes the statue as a "fine, robed figure". The sculpture is a Grade II listed structure.
Description
The statue is executed in bronze and is 3.35 m high. It stands on a plinth of Portland stone by John Lee. Gladstone is depicted in the robes of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. An inscription on the front of the plinth reads "GLADSTONE 1809-1898". Allegorical statues of women, mostly with children, surround the base, representing four of the Virtues, Courage, Brotherhood, Education and Aspiration.
Setting
The memorial stands at the east end of the Strand, in front of the Church of St Clement Danes. It was originally encircled by the roadway, but is now in a pedestrianised plaza. The plaza also has late-20th century sculptures of Air Chief Marshal Hugh Dowding, and Marshall of the Royal Air Force Arthur Harris, St Clement's being the Royal Air Force church. | WIKI |
LASIK or Laser Eye Surgery: Is There A Difference?
LASIK vs laser eye surgeryLaser-assisted in Situ Keratomileusis, otherwise known as LASIK, is a procedure that permanently changes the shape of the cornea, the clear covering of the front of the eye, using an excimer laser. A mechanical microkeratome (a blade device) or a laser device is used to cut a flap in the cornea. A hinge is left at one end of this flap and the flap is then folded back, revealing the stroma, the middle section of the cornea. Pulses from a computer-controlled laser vaporize a portion of the stroma and the flap is replaced.
LASIK is not the only type of laser eye surgery. PRK is a different type of laser eye surgery. It utilizes a surface ablation technique to remove the cornea’s outermost layer, rather than creating a flap.
Laser eye surgeries have surged in popularity in the past decades. Millions of people have undergone laser eye surgery and each year over half a million people in the United States undergo some form of laser eye surgery.
Though laser eye surgeries can eliminate the need for contacts or eyeglasses, not everyone is a candidate for laser eye surgery, whether is it is PRK or LASIK. To find out if you’re a candidate for LASIK or laser eye surgery, please contact Tidewater Eye Centers in Virginia Beach at 757-483-0400 or tidewatereye.com. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Goodman's mouse lemur
Goodman's mouse lemur (Microcebus lehilahytsara) is a species of mouse lemur from the region near Andasibe in eastern Madagascar. The species is named in honor of primatologist Steven M. Goodman. "Lehilahytsara" is a combination of the Malagasy words which mean "good" and "man". The finding was presented August 10, 2005, along with the discovery of the northern giant mouse lemur (Mirza zaza) as a separate species.
In 2005, Goodman was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship for his discovery and further research in Madagascar.
Description
Mouse lemurs are among the smallest primates, and Goodman's mouse lemur is no exception. Although not the smallest overall, Goodman's mouse lemur has a head-body length comparable to M. berthae which is the smallest known primate. The average size ranges from 45 to 48 g, with males being slightly larger than females. Goodman's mouse lemur is mainly maroon with a white underbelly and orange tint on their backs.
Goodman's lemurs undergo daily torpor as well as winter torpor. Their tails are able to store fat which is useful in preparing for winter torpor. Although, almost all females experience torpor each winter, not all males go into winter torpor annually. For those males that do enter winter torpor, they exit torpor on average 20 days prior to females. This is likely so males can better prepare for mating which happens almost immediately following the ending of female winter torpor. The males that do not go into winter torpor are often older males that are better able to compete against younger males in procuring a mate, although they often still undergo daily torpor.
Social behavior
Goodman's mouse lemurs spend most of their waking time alone. They are generally only found in pairs during reproduction and in altercations. Approximately 51% of these altercations involve food. Although females tend to be smaller than males, when fighting over food, females often come out as the winners. This is because females are more dominant than males in Goodman's mouse lemurs. Because females are more dominant, males tend to have a greater foraging area. In some cases, the male's feeding area can be up to four times the size of females feeding area. It has been proposed that the larger area is due to being chased away from better feeding grounds by the dominant females.
However, not all social behavior is negative in Goodman's mouse lemur. Oftentimes groups of two to four lemurs of the same sex will gather together to sleep. This is likely to conserve heat. Most often in a group of females, those that share a sleeping space are related, however, groups of males do not show much if any relation with those they sleep with. In addition to mutualistic sleeping behavior, these lemurs share another positive social interaction. During the mating season, males and females must come together fairly peacefully. This happens in the spring shortly after waking up from winter torpor. The males have large testes, which implies that as opposed to male-male competition in fighting, they are much more likely to undergo sperm competition which limits some of the social aspects of breeding that many other animals undergo. The male Goodman's Mouse Lemur is known to have more bodyweight than the female during the reproductive season. However, other times, how much these species weigh can vary according to the season.
Phylogeny
The genus Microcebus is shown to have diverged approximately ten to nine million years ago. This split allowed for greater radiation of mouse lemurs. The mouse lemurs split into three distinct clades. Goodman's mouse lemur has been grouped with five other species due to mitochondrial DNA sequencing. 540 thousand years ago, M. marohita initially split from the other four mouse lemur populations within that clade. The most recent split was about 52 thousand years ago when M. lehilahytsara and M. mittermeieri became two distinct species.
Correlated with the most recent speciation was a climatic change period. It has been proposed that this climate change likely would have desiccated the central highlands of Eastern Madagascar. The change in climate and habitat is likely the cause of the recent speciation. Evidence for this is that the habitat for Goodman's mouse lemur does not overlap with any other mouse lemurs. The habitat would have changed in such a way that the lemurs that would become Goodman's mouse lemur would be the only ones that could survive in that habitat. Their diet varies from insects to fruits, flowers, nectar, gum and leaves. Not only food choices are diverse, but also their metabolism, body temperature and body mass can vary from time to time depending on the season and the conditions of the environment. | WIKI |
P000B OBD-II Fault Code: Problems, Causes, and Possible Solutions
0
90
Meaning of the Error Code P000B
The OBD-II fault code basically suggests the “B Camshaft Position Slow Response Bank 1.” It is normally a generic powertrain code that takes place in the core of the camshaft positioning. The elaborate meaning of the “B Camshaft Position” is depicting the exhaust camshaft, and Bank 1 means the side of the engine particularly denoting cylinder number 1. Note that this code is only compatible with the VVT (Variable Valve Timing). Several car brands have to deal with this error code, just like the P000B Dodge, jeep patriot, etc.
The primary responsibility of the VVT is to upgrade engine power, fuel economy, and performance, simultaneously decreasing the emission rate at the same time. The VVT always uses pressurized engine oil whose purpose is to activate actuators that rotate the camshafts clockwise or anti-clockwise. Both the intake and the exhaust camshaft work simultaneously, and they are related to each other. The camshaft and the crankshaft are closely correlated, and they adjust the rotation between themselves with the help of the timing belt. The camshaft pulley and the timing break pulley work as the supportive guidance for rotating both the camshaft and the crankshaft.
Actually, the main controller is the PCM that controls the overall system in the camshaft, and they also operate and manage the VVT. If any disharmony is detected between the camshaft and the crankshaft, the rotational speed also breaks down and causes excessive fuel consumption. When the PCM finds that the rotation within the engine becomes sluggish, it sends the message to the MIL, and it starts to illuminate.
Potential Causes of the P000B Code
The P000B is a generic powertrain code that shows serious discrepancies if there is any problem appearing in the camshaft of the engine. There may be tons of serious causes for materializing the fault code P000B; let us have a closer look into the possible causes of the error code P000BP000B Diagnostic Trouble Code
• The engine oil level may decline, and the fuel economy may be decreased. Using contaminated engine oil viscosity hampers the entire engine. The variable valve timing actuator may fail to incorporate.
• The Timing chain which connects the camshaft and the crankshaft together may be corroded or worn out. The Camshaft position solenoid or oil control valve could not operate smoothly. As a result, the entire process started to collapse.
• The timing chain tensioner may behave abruptly, causing severe irregularities. The timing chain tensioner operates using the spring tension and hydraulic pressure. And last but not least, one is the issue in the PCM. The PCM might have been outdated and needed to be updated.
Customary Symptoms of the P000B Code
The symptoms of the error code are almost similar to the other powertrain error codes. But some unique issues are solely correlated with the fault code P000B. Let us have a look o the symptoms of the error code P000B,
• The very first symptom is that the MIL will start to illuminate, and CEL is activated.
• Your car may encounter some unusual mechanical sound that is annoying in some cases. The fuel consumption may soar up immediately, and the fuel economy may fall down.
• The catalytic converter failure may happen, as well as it may fail to outsmart the fuel emission test. Lots of black and white smoke may incur and damage the exit of the vehicle.
• The vehicle may activate the limp mode, and the stalling may occur suddenly. You might be stopped suddenly without showing any possible indication. The gear shift will be turned into a more harsh and erratic state.
Tremendous Diagnosis Strategy of DTC P000B
You can follow several outstanding strategies to diagnose the DTC P000B, or service the vehicle from a professional mechanic; whatever method you choose to diagnose these tips will ease your diagnosing pressure in many aspects. Here I am sharing with you some excellent tricks to diagnose the DTC P000B,How do I fix code P000B
You can use the latest OBD-II scanner to scan the whole system of the vehicle. To find out the trouble codes, I would suggest you insert the Autel Maxidas DS808K scanning tool into the cars and wait until the codes appear on the tool’s screen. When it was evident that you have a fault code issue with the car send the car for repair. You may encounter more than one error code as the powertrain error codes sometimes come in a group. But in solving the codes, prioritize the most harmful code and act according to it. Examine the oil fluid levels and compare those with the standard value of the manufacturer’s manual. Clean the clogging in the pathways of the oil control valve.
Then it is time to scrutinize the wiring and the electrical circuits. Wirings are primarily responsible for maintaining the connection between the Camshaft and crankshaft positioning. You need to check the camshaft adjustment valve to see if it sticks to its operational position. Then check the camshaft position actuator solenoid. If it is damaged or ripped off, the mechanic will fix it for you.
P000B OBD-II Fault Code Fixed
First of all, check the technical service bulletin(TSB) to identify the actual place and position of the error code. It would be best if you got rid of the error code P000B,
Step-1: Check the sensor circuit
Start checking the ground circuit, and you need to have a DMM to locate the actual voltage of the. After a while, simply connect the positive side of the battery and the negative side with the ground terminal. After doing that, perform the process one more time but this time, connect the negative side with the battery and the positive side to the sensor reference terminal of the harness side of the connector. By performing the process, you can fix the sensor circuit easily.
Step-2: Test the oil control solenoid and circuit
First, disconnect the solenoid connector and turn on the ignition of the vehicle. Check the ground side of the circuit and repeat the process. If the voltage is alright, you must troubleshoot the solenoid and circuit problem.
Step-3: Repair the timing chain and the VVT actuator
If everything is alright, then perform the examination of the timing chain and the VVT actuator. Fix the tooth of the timing chain and recheck the actuator if it has any visual damage.
Cost of diagnosing the P000B Fault code
The cost of diagnosing the code P000B may vary between 70$ to 150$ per hour.
There goes a detailed illustration of repairing the Error code P000B. If you follow the guide carefully, it is possible to repair the fault code by yourself without the help of a professional.
Kevin Nicholas is an automotive technician who is a genius at software and hardware-related issues. He manually tested more than a hundred OBD scanners and gave his honest opinion on whether the device was worth the money or not. His in-depth OBD review articles help people choose the right product, whether it is a European, American, or Asian vehicle. He completed his Automotive Specialized Training Course at Universal Technical Institute and has more than 15 years of experience in the field.
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Liu Xiang (hurdler)
Liu Xiang (born July 13, 1983) is a Chinese former 110 meter hurdler. Liu is an Olympic Gold medalist and World Champion. His 2004 Olympic gold medal was the first in a men's track and field event for China.
Liu is one of China's most successful athletes and has emerged as a cultural icon. On top of being the only male athlete in history to be all of 110-metre hurdles World Record Holder, World Champion and Olympic Champion—Liu remains the Olympic record holder for the men's 110-metre hurdles with a time of 12.91 seconds he set back at the 2004 Athens Olympics. He was the favorite to win another gold in the 110 metre hurdles at the Beijing Olympics, but he had to withdraw from competition at the last moment after a false start and aggravation to a previously unrevealed injury. Again a gold medal favourite in the 110 metre hurdles at the London Olympics he pulled his Achilles tendon attempting to clear the first hurdle in the heats. On April 7, 2015, he announced his retirement on Sina Weibo.
Early career
In May 2001, Liu won at the East Asian Games in Osaka, Japan with a time of 13.42 seconds. In August 2001, he won at the Universiade in Beijing with a time of 13.33 seconds. He also won at the 2001 National Games of China that same year.
In 2002 Liu set an Asian record time at the Athletissima meeting, completing the event in 13.12 seconds. This also broke Renaldo Nehemiah's long standing and world junior record, which had stood for almost 25 years. The following year he secured bronze medals in the 60 metres hurdles at the 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships and the 110 m hurdles at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics.
2004 Olympics
In May 2004 at an IAAF Grand Prix race in Osaka, Japan, Liu managed to beat Allen Johnson with a personal best record time of 13.06 seconds. He improved even further at the 2004 Athens Olympics. Although he was not considered a favourite for the event, he won the Olympic final by some distance to pocket the gold medal with 12.91 seconds, tying the world record set by Colin Jackson 11 years before. This was a new Olympic record and was almost three tenths of a second faster than the runner-up Terrence Trammell. The performance had Liu the sixth man to run under 13 seconds for the event and was China's first men's Olympic gold medal in a track and field event. On top of this, it defied the traditional thinking that Asian athletes could not compete in sprint events at the top level. He said that his gold medal "changes the opinion that Asian countries don't get good results in sprint races. I want to prove to all the world that Asians can run very fast."
Liu, a 21-year-old East China Normal University student at the time of victory in Athens, became the target of a bidding war among commercial sponsors. The Chinese Track and Field Association limited him to four such deals.
Liu finished the season with four of the year's ten fastest clockings. Reaching 17 finals in the 60-metre indoor and 110-metre outdoor hurdles, he lost just two, both to American Allen Johnson.
2005 and 2007 World Championships
In August 2005, Liu won a silver medal at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics in Helsinki, Finland, finishing 13.08 seconds, 0.01 second after champion Ladji Doucouré from France. In November 2005, he won at East Asian Games in Macau, China, with 13.21 seconds.
Off track, in May, Liu was awarded the Laureus World Sports Award for Newcomer of the Year for his breakthrough performance at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.
On July 11, 2006, Liu set a new world record in the 110 metre hurdles at the Super Grand Prix in Lausanne with a time of 12.88 seconds (+1.1 m/s tailwind). The record was ratified by the IAAF. In that same race, American Dominique Arnold had also beaten the previous record with a time of 12.90 seconds. In September, he won gold at IAAF World Athletics Final in Stuttgart, Germany, with 12.93 seconds.
On August 31, 2007, at the World Athletics Championships in Osaka, Japan, Liu won gold in the 110-metre hurdles with 12.95 seconds to become World Champion.
On May 23, Liu participated in a test event at the Beijing National Stadium. He pulled out of the Reebok Grand Prix in New York on May 31, citing hamstring problems. On June 8, he false-started at the Prefontaine Classic at Eugene, Oregon. Liu skipped the entire European circuit, preferring to train for the Olympics in China instead.
Beijing Olympics
Leading up to the Summer Olympics in Beijing, Liu bore national expectations of a repeat victory on home soil. On August 18, Liu withdrew from the Olympic 110 metre hurdles. He walked off the track after a false start by another runner in his first-round heat, leaving the crowd at the Beijing National Stadium in stunned silence, confusion, and tears. According to Jeré Longman of The New York Times, "China's greatest hope had been dashed".
According to China's track and field association, Liu suffered from a recurrence of chronic inflammation in his right Achilles tendon. Liu's coach, Sun Haiping addressed the media during a press conference and stated that the hurdler had been hampered by a tendon injury for six or seven years. He commented on the situation, saying "We worked hard every day, but the result was as you see and it is really hard to take." Sun, who was in tears for most of the press conference, stated that Liu would be unable to compete for the remainder of 2008. Liu made a public apology to the Chinese media the following day, saying he could "do nothing but pull out of the race" because of his foot injury. He believed that the injury would not prevent him from future competitions and vowed to "come back" for the next Olympics.
Liu's injury was significant and also ruled him out of the following year's major competition, the 2009 World Championships in Athletics. However, coach Sun Haiping was confident that he would return in time for the Chinese national championships and 2009 Asian Championships in Athletics in November.
2009–2011: Return from injury
After a 13-month absence because of his injury, Liu finally returned to competition at the Shanghai Golden Grand Prix. Liu recorded a time of 13.15, tied with Terrence Trammell, but finished 0.01 second behind and was awarded second place. However, Liu said he was happy with his performance. Nearing the end of the year, he competed at a number of major events on home turf. He won gold medals at the 2009 Asian Athletics Championships, the East Asian Games and the 11th Chinese National Games.
At the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Doha, admitting that his right foot has yet to fully recover, Liu was able to finish in the finals of the 60 m hurdles, but managed only seventh place. His sole appearance on the 2010 IAAF Diamond League circuit came at the Shanghai Grand Prix and he lost to national rival Shi Dongpeng for the first time. Following a six-month break, he marked his return to form at the 2010 Asian Games. A crowd of 70,000 gathered at the Guangdong Olympic Stadium to see him in the final and he easily won his third consecutive title at the competition, breaking the Games record with a run of 13.09 seconds – making him the third fastest athlete that season.
The Shanghai Golden Grand Prix in May 2011 saw Liu make a return to a world class level: he defeated David Oliver (the fastest hurdler in 2010) with a world-leading mark of 13.07 seconds to take his first win on the 2011 IAAF Diamond League. Liu showed he had accomplished a transition in his technique, as he reduced his number of starting steps before the first hurdle from eight to seven, using his left leg for hurdling.
On August 29, 2011, Liu Xiang competed in the men's 110-metre hurdles final in the IAAF World Championships in Daegu, South Korea. Liu finished the race in third place, but he eventually won the silver medal, as the winner Dayron Robles was disqualified for entering Liu's lane and pulling him back.
2012 season
In Liu's first competition of 2012, he was matched up against Dayron Robles at the Birmingham Indoor Grand Prix and this time he won cleanly with an Asian record time of 7.41 seconds for the 60 m hurdles. He was the favourite for the title at the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships, but was beaten into second place by Aries Merritt and left with the silver medal. In the outdoor season he set a 110 m hurdles meet record at the Golden Grand Prix Kawasaki, then ran 12.97 seconds to win at his home nation 2012 IAAF Diamond League meet, the Shanghai Golden Grand Prix. This was his first run under 13 seconds since 2007, and he beat Americans David Oliver and Jason Richardson by some distance. He followed this with a run of 12.87 seconds to win at the Prefontaine Classic, matching the world record time albeit with wind-assistance of 2.4 m/s.
In the 110-metre hurdles at the London Olympics in 2012, Liu pulled his Achilles tendon while taking off and attempting to clear the first hurdle, instead crashing straight into it. Liu hopped the full 110 metre stretch, was helped by a few of his fellow competitors, and was put into a wheel chair and led away. He kissed the last hurdle before he left the track. Colin Jackson described it as a "very sad sight indeed" for the sport. Liu's loss echoed strongly in the Chinese press but also sparked a lot of controversies. Some voices expressed support while others wondered why Liu chose to participate in spite of his injury. Liu even earned a nickname "Liu PaoPao" because of pullbacks in two consecutive Olympic Games. As per reports Liu was to have surgery on his Achilles tendon in Britain.
Retirement
On April 7, 2015, Liu announced his retirement in a statement posted to his Sina Weibo. He had not competed since the 2012 Olympic race. In his post, he wrote that he was retiring after two years of frustrating and ultimately futile rehabilitation: "Of course my heart is still willing, but my foot has again and again said no to me."
In 2016, Liu was chosen as one of the teams in Shenzhen TV's reality program The Amazing Race China 3. Liu was initially paired up with his cousin Ji Longxiang on the first two legs, but Ji was later replaced with his best friend Xu Qifeng for the remainder of the race. They finished in 3rd place overall.
Personal life
Liu is known for his low-profile appearance, but he has become one of the most popular athletes in China. Liu Xiang was on Time magazine Asian edition's cover of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games titled "Liu Xiang & 99 More Athletes to Watch."
Liu donated approximately 2,500,000 yuan (364,000 USD) to 2008 Sichuan earthquake relief efforts.
Liu married Ge Tian, a post-90s generation actress on September 7, 2014, after officially dating the actress for two years prior to their marriage. They divorced in 2015. On January 9, 2016, Liu Xiang announced a new relationship with pole vaulter Wu Sha, in his Sina Weibo. On December 1, 2016, Liu and Wu held a low profile wedding ceremony in Fiji.
Liu's athletic gear is sponsored by Nike. He is also a spokesperson for Coca-Cola and Cadillac. | WIKI |
How can I add a new format (<hr> tag) to Quill.js?
I want to add a button which would add a <hr> tag to the quill.js (beta) editor.
Here the fiddle.
<!-- Initialize Quill editor -->
<div id="toolbar-container">
<span class="ql-formats">
<button class="ql-hr"></button> //here my hr-button
</span>
<span class="ql-formats">
<button class="ql-bold"></button>
<button class="ql-italic"></button>
</span>
</div>
<div id="editor">
<p>Hello World!</p>
<hr> // this gets replaced by <p> tag automatically *strange*
<p>Some initial <strong>bold</strong> text</p>
</div>
I initialize my editor:
var quill = new Quill('#editor', {
modules: {
toolbar: '#toolbar-container'
},
placeholder: 'Compose an epic...',
theme: 'snow'
});
Here I add a <h1> tag functionality to my editor and it works very well:
$('.ql-hr').on("click",function(){
var range = quill.getSelection();
var text = quill.getText(range.index, range.length);
quill.deleteText(range.index, range.length);
quill.pasteHTML(range.index, '<h1>'+text+'</h1>');
})
Now I try the same for a <hr> tag, which doesn't work at all:
$('.ql-hr').on("click",function(){
var range = quill.getSelection();
quill.pasteHTML(range.index, '<hr>');
})
the <hr> tag in the initial div#editor gets replaced with a <p> tag. And the button functionality I added doensn't work for <hr> tags, but for other tags it works. I know the <hr> tag is not implemented to Quill.js, that's also why I get this console output:
quill:toolbar ignoring attaching to nonexistent format hr select.ql-hr
Is there any way to fix this?
Answers
I have still no idea why the question has downvotes, but however here is the solution:
Import the embed blot - important: not "block", not "embed", "block/embed"!
var Embed = Quill.import('blots/block/embed');
Define a new class that extends that Embed
class Hr extends Embed {
static create(value) {
let node = super.create(value);
// give it some margin
node.setAttribute('style', "height:0px; margin-top:10px; margin-bottom:10px;");
return node;
}
}
Define your tag
Hr.blotName = 'hr'; //now you can use .ql-hr classname in your toolbar
Hr.className = 'my-hr';
Hr.tagName = 'hr';
Write a custom handler for the <hr> button
var customHrHandler = function(){
// get the position of the cursor
var range = quill.getSelection();
if (range) {
// insert the <hr> where the cursor is
quill.insertEmbed(range.index,"hr","null")
}
}
Register your new format
Quill.register({
'formats/hr': Hr
});
Instantiate your Editor with the right selectors in your HTML
var quill = new Quill('#editor', {
modules: {
toolbar: { container: '#toolbar-container',
handlers: {
'hr': customHrHandler
}
}
},
theme: 'snow'
});
The HTML part remains the same. The whole <hr> functionality can be done similar to the <img> format.
Thank you, you helpful community.
Not enough rep to comment, so posting as an answer, to address a minor issue.
The default prompt box caused by the embed shown in @Suisse's great answer has to be seemingly handled in a toolbar handler (with a second parameter), like so:
var toolbarOptions = {
handlers: {
// ...
'hr': function(value) {
this.quill.format('hr', true);
}
}
}
Source discussion - Documentation: How to avoid default 'prompt' when invoking custom Embed blots via toolbar module
Prompt example in Toolbar Handler docs: https://quilljs.com/docs/modules/toolbar/#handlers
Need Your Help
Bidirectional 1 to 1 Dictionary in C#
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User:Daniela LKQ Europe/sandbox
LKQ Europe
LKQ Europe, a subsidiary of LKQ Corporation located in Chicago, is a distributor of parts for cars, commercial vans and industrial vehicles in Europe. The company currently employs around 27,000 people in over 20 European countries with a network of more than 1,000 branches. In 2019, LKQ Europe generated revenue of more than $5.8 billion USD. The group is represented by Euro Car Parts, Fource, RHIAG Group, Elit, Auto Kelly, STAHLGRUBER Group and the recycling specialist, Atracco. LKQ also holds a minority interest in Mekonomen.
Management
On October 1, 2019, Arnd Franz became CEO of LKQ Europe. He previously held management positions at MAHLE, most recently as Corporate Executive Vice President and Member of the Management Board. He succeeded John Quinn, who announced his retirement.
History
LKQ entered the European market in 2011. In its first year of European operations, the company acquired Euro Car Parts, a leading car parts and accessories distributor in the UK and Ireland. In 2013, Sator (now Fource) joined LKQ with subsidiaries in the Benelux countries and France, followed by Atracco in 2014, a distributor in the Nordics. In 2016, LKQ Europe took over RHIAG Group and its subsidiaries, Elit and Auto Kelly, in Central and Eastern Europe. At the same time, LKQ Europe acquired a 26.5 percent stake in Scandinavian car parts dealer, Mekonomen. With the acquisition of STAHLGRUBER Group and its subsidiary, PV Automotive, in 2018, LKQ Europe added the market leaders in Germany and Austria to its group. Through these acquisitions, LKQ Europe has positioned itself as the most important European spare parts supplier.
Business model
LKQ Europe and its group of companies operate more than 1,000 branches in Europe, each with a parts warehouse. Depending on their size, the warehouses keep up to 50,000 different parts in stock. This helps LKQ Europe cover more than 90% of its customers’ immediate needs on the same day. Through a strong logistics network, LKQ Europe also supplies workshops with rare parts, usually within 24 hours of an incoming order. LKQ Europe’s portfolio includes parts from product groups such as chassis, engines, electronics, and bodywork, and supports selected partners with workshop concepts, including marketing materials and tools, to ensure high-quality process and customer service to support their sales.
Name
LKQ is a technical term from the American automobile insurance industry. LKQ is an acronym which stands for “Like Kind and Quality”. This means that the cost of spare parts should be in reasonable proportion to the residual value of the vehicle.
Weblinks
Website of LKQ Corporation: www.lkqcorp.com | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 104 Part 1.djvu/944
104 STAT. 910 PUBLIC LAW 101-422 —OCT. 12, 1990 Public Law 101-422 101st Congress An Act Oct. 12 1990 '^^ authorize appropriations for the Administrative Conference of the United States —r r rp 00971 for fiscal years 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. Section 576 of title 5, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: "§ 576. Authorization of appropriations "There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the purposes of this subchapter not more than $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1990, $2,100,000 for fiscal year 1991, $2,200,000 for fiscal year 1992, $2,300,000 for fiscal year 1993, and $2,400,000 for fiscal year 1994. Of any amounts appropriated under this section, not more than $1,500 may be made available in each fiscal year for official representation and entertainment expenses for foreign dignitaries.". SEC. 2. POWERS OF THE CONFERENCE. Section 574 of title 5, United States Code, is amended— (1) in paragraph (2) by striking "and" after the semicolon; (2) in paragraph (3) by striking the period and inserting "; and"; and (3) by adding at the end the following: "(4) enter into arrangements with any administrative agency or major organizational unit within an administrative agency pursuant to which the Conference performs any of the functions described in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3). Payment for services provided by the Conference pursuant to paragraph (4) shall be credited to the operating account for the Conference and shall remain available until expended.". SEC. 3. ORGANIZATION OF THE CONFERENCE. Section 575(c) of title 5, United States Code, is amended— (1) in paragraph (14) by striking "and" after the semicolon; (2) in paragraph (15) by striking the period and inserting "; and"; and 49-139 O - 90 (422)
� | WIKI |
User:Gooobster/Writing in the Early America/Marshfrancis14 Peer Review
General info
* Whose work are you reviewing?
Gooobster
* Link to draft you're reviewing
* Editing User:Gooobster/Writing in the Early America - Wikipedia
* Link to the current version of the article (if it exists)
Evaluate the drafted changes
Lead
-You definitely need to work on the lead. Try to find some sources or a source for the lead that introduces either a study or a description of writing in Early Americas.
-Possibly add a brief part about writing in Mesoamerica, Colonial America, and the early days of the US. 
Content
-I like each heading and I think it gives a good way to order the content into each time period.
-I think that the Mesoamerica section is introduced well
-Maybe you could talk about how people discovered old Olmec and Mayan writing and how any of that writing is still alive today, so maybe try to find a source or two specifically about the origins of this writing or the Cascajal block.
-For colonialism, I think that you could try to find a source about how the people living in the Americas, recently coming from Europe, effected literacy in the colonies.
-For Early America, I think that you could even use the article that we just talked about in class and discuss women gaining literacy in that time period in the early Americas.
Tone and Balance
-the tone of the writing that is there is good, I think that so far, the article is written neutrally and expresses the information in the sources well.
Organization
-I think that the article is well organized, I like the way the Mesoamerica section of the article is written.
Sources and References
-I think that the sources are relevant and are good sources, but I think you should add a few more to help you get more content for the page. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/IZAK/Proposed decision
all proposed
Arbitrators should vote for or against each point or vote to abstain.
* Only items that receive a majority aye vote will be enacted.
* Items that receive a majority nay vote will be formally rejected.
* Items that do not receive a majority aye or nay vote will be open to possible amendment by any Arbitrator if he so chooses. After the amendment process is complete, the item will be voted on one last time.
* Items that receive a majority abstentions will need to go through an amendment process and be re-voted on once.
Conditional votes for, against, or to abstain should be explained by the Arbitrator in parenthesis after his time-stamped signature. For example, an Arbitrator can state that he would only favor a particular remedy based on whether or not another remedy/remedies were enacted.
Proposed temporary orders
1) For the duration of this hearing, IZAK is to refrain from engaging in excessive cross-posting.
* Aye:
* Martin 00:05, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* I don't see this as a serious problem in itself. Fred Bauder 15:38, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)
* mav 06:04, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
* Abstain:
Proposed principles
proposed wording to be modified by Arbitrators and then voted on
Personal attacks
1) No personal attacks.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 12:22, Nov 12, 2004 (UTC)
* Martin 00:32, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* James F. (talk) 13:04, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
* Grunt 🇪🇺 00:03, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 01:51, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Abstain:
Wikipedia not a vehicle for propaganda or advocacy
2) Wikipedia is not a vehicle for propaganda or advocacy of any kind.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 12:22, Nov 12, 2004 (UTC)
* Martin 00:32, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* James F. (talk) 13:04, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
* Grunt 🇪🇺 00:11, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 01:51, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Abstain:
Forums for discussion
3) Wikipedia provides a variety of forums, including article and user talk pages, for communication by Wikipedia users regarding content of articles and Wikipedia policies and decisions which Wikipedia users are encouraged to use in furtherance of Wikipedia policies and goals.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 12:22, Nov 12, 2004 (UTC)
* Martin 00:32, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* James F. (talk) 13:04, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
* Grunt 🇪🇺 00:03, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 01:51, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Abstain:
Use of forums for advocacy
4) Aggressive use of Wikipedia forums to mobilize support for point of view editing results in exacerbation of conflict.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 13:05, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)
* Grunt 🇪🇺 00:04, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 01:51, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Abstain:
Nature of Wikipedia policy
5) The Arbitration Committee may consider current community norms and practice, regardless of whether the community have got as far as writing up an "official" policy on the matter, in making its decisions. This is an Arbitration Committee, not a court of law, and the community has empowered us to make such judgements by ratifying the Arbitration policy. By the same policy, we are to apply such judgements with common sense, discretion, and an eye to the expectations of the community.
* Aye:
* Martin 00:32, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC) (Some have expressed concerns that because there is no written policy on XCP to talk pages, we cannot judge this case. I want to clear up this misunderstanding)
* Wikipedia is a Common Law -style jurisdiction, not a Napoleonic Code one. James F. (talk) 13:04, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Grunt 🇪🇺 00:05, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* James F. put it well. Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 01:51, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC) - "The Arbitrators will judge cases according to ... Established Wikipedia customs and common practices". --Arbitration policy
Notice, it doesn't make any mention of having a rule specifically against bad behavior before we consider it to be bad.
* Nay:
* Generally we should follow expressed policy, not our sense of community consensus. Important matters not currently addressed by Wikipedia policy will command community attention, resulting in policy decisions which we can then use as authority for our decisions. If we find a matter a close question, it is unreasonable to expect users to conform to one side or the other of a disputed matter. Fred Bauder 15:45, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)
* The arbitration policy says we can enforce customs and practices as well as black-letter policy. →Raul654 01:51, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Abstain:
* (hm. Not sure either way...) mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC) I'm with mav here - I think this is true in part, but think we have to be immensely careful about not making policy, or giving the impression that we are doing so
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC) Also on the fence. I think generally we should follow explicit policy, with judgment guided somewhat by community norms but not based entirely on them.
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) Not sure about this wording. Certainly I generally advocate that users should be able to get a clue ... I much prefer it case by case, e.g. 6 below.
Crossposting
6) The occasional light use of cross-posting to Talk pages is part of Wikipedia common practice. Excessive cross-posting (XCP) goes against current Wikipedia community norms and is poor Wikiquette. In a broader context, it is "unwiki" - see e.g. LessRedundancy. Wikipedia editors make use of a variety of methods to avoid XCP, such as Template:ArbCommOpenTask, UK Wikipedians' notice board, pages based on "Related Changes", and so forth.
* Aye:
* Martin 00:32, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC) (this does not express an opinion as to whether IZAK has been "excessive" - merely that there is some line that should not be crossed).
* James F. (talk) 13:04, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC) (without comment to whether or not IZAK's posts were excessive)
* (without explicit reference to IZAK) -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:06, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC) (but not currently against policy)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 01:51, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC) - yes, although 'excessive' is in the eye of the beholder.
* Nay:
* The crossposting in this case is not excessive considered in terms of volume alone. Fred Bauder 15:45, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)
* Abstain:
Campaigning regarding Wikipedia decisions
7) Wikipedia is not an experiment in participative democracy. The majority of its "votes" are intended to determine what the rough consensus is, rather than being an exercise in ballot-counting. "Get out the vote" activity that targets only those who are likely to vote in a particular way distorts this process. However, "get out the vote" activity that is a good faith attempt to inform people who are likely to be interested in a particular vote, regardless of which way they are likely to vote, is acceptable.
* Aye:
* Martin 00:59, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC) (I think this is implicit in, eg, Deletion guidelines for administrators, polling guidelines)
* James F. (talk) 13:04, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* At the risk of quoting myself - "Wikipedia is not a democracy, contrary to what some people foolishly say. Wikipedia operates on discussion-driven consensus. A poll runs counter to these ends, and therefore is something that should be avoided wherever possible" -- Don't vote on everything. →Raul654 01:51, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Wikipedia is an exercise in participatory democracy by its nature. Open solicitation of votes on the website in unobjectionable, as such solicitation could easily occur in secret off the website. Fred Bauder 15:45, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)
* Martin 22:54, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC) Given Fred's comments, and the fact that we do have some formal votes, I think my proposal here is misleading, if not wrong.
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC) In principle I agree that this is the ideal, but am not sure that it's enforceable as policy.
* Abstain:
* Grunt 🇪🇺 00:07, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) Tricky one again. This wording may be prone to being a hammer used by idiots if made worded policy ...
Chain reactions
8) Aggressive point-of-view editing can produce widespread reactions as editors attempt to combat an outbreak of it, mobilizing others to join the fray. While this creates the appearance of disorder, it is better seen as an attempt to deal with a refractory problem.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 15:02, Dec 28, 2004 (UTC)
* POV editing begets more POV editing; with luck this will incite others to step in and put a stop to things/ -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:09, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Abstain:
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 01:51, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC) - I am not really sure what this principle is stating.
Proposed findings of fact
proposed wording to be modified by Arbitrators and then voted on
Personal attacks
1) IZAK has made personal attacks, for example, "Sam's past pro-Nazi views"
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 12:22, Nov 12, 2004 (UTC)
* Martin 00:38, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* James F. (talk) 13:06, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* mav 06:00, 25 K's posts were excessive)
* (without explicit reference to IZAK) -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:06, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:08, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Abstain:
Personal attacks against HistoryBuffEr
1.1 IZAK has made personal attacks against User HistoryBuffEr in the context of edit warring with him with respect to HistoryBuffEr's allegedly POV edits to the article History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, see comment, "meant to incite anti_semitism" and comment, "Rvert to Buffer's less deranged comments...very set on smearing Jews isn't he?".
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 14:30, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)
* Grunt 🇪🇺 00:11, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) HistoryBuffEr's attacks don't warrant responding with attacks, despite provocation.
* →Raul654 02:08, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Abstain:
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC) (I'm not sure why we need t highligh this specificaly when personal attacks are already mentioned above)
POV editing
2) IZAK has engaged in advocacy of the Zionist cause, for example, successfully campaigning for deletion of the article, Occupation of Palestine and adding a NPOV notice to an article which while unfavorable to Zionism had no dispute in the edit history and an empty talk page.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 12:22, Nov 12, 2004 (UTC)
* James F. (talk) 13:06, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* The advocacy in question seems to be related to some of the spamming on which this case was started. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:13, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* I think the Occupation of Palestine may be more ambiguous than I thought. Fred Bauder 16:39, Nov 21, 2004 (UTC)
* Martin 22:18, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC) (I think this is off-topic of the original complaint.)
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC) (I've also seen a great deal of NPOV editing from this user)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* Abstain:
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:08, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC) - I'm just not sure in this case.
Alternative POV editing
3) IZAK has engaged in advocacy of the Zionist cause, for example, adding a NPOV notice to an article which while unfavorable to Zionism had no dispute in the edit history and an empty talk page].
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 16:39, Nov 21, 2004 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Martin 22:19, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC) (not part of original complaint)
* True enough Fred Bauder 13:09, Nov 29, 2004 (UTC)
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC) (Very close to a content-related finding...)
* This one, on the other hand, has nothing to do with spamming. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:14, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:08, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC) - Agree with Martin - not part of the complaint.
* Abstain:
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
NPOV editing
4) IZAK has, following Wikipedia's NPOV policy, also made edits which can be fairly characerized as NPOV edits, in controversial areas, for example, adding Category Palestine to Category Jerusalem and making a useful edit to Occupation of Palestine, now a disambiguation page.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 14:05, Nov 14, 2004 (UTC)
* James F. (talk) 13:06, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:08, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC) - When considering disciplinary action against a particular editor, it is important and very relavant to take into account the amount of good work he has done as well.
* Nay:
* Martin 22:19, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC) (not part of original complaint)
* True enough Fred Bauder 13:09, Nov 29, 2004 (UTC)
* Abstain:
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC) (not really relevant)
* Agreed. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:14, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC) (Not really relevant.)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) So?
"Spamming" for POV
5) IZAK has used the communication system of Wikipedia aggressively in furtherance of actions which violate Wikipedia's NPOV policy, successfully campaigning for deletion of the article Occupation of Israel
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 12:22, Nov 12, 2004 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Martin 01:05, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC) (I'd have to make a judgement on NPOV)
* I think this finding may be questionable Fred Bauder 16:42, Nov 21, 2004 (UTC)
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
* Advocacy to others does not strike me as being in violation of NPOV policies. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:16, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:11, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Abstain:
* James F. (talk) 13:06, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) Could lead to trouble with things being deemed 'campaigning' by idiots.
Responding to a POV edit
5.1) In response to a POV edit by User:HistoryBuffEr to the article, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, IZAK posted this message to Talk:Struggle over Palestine, than crossposted it to the user talk pages of AAAAA, Cecropia, DanKeshet, Evolver of Borg, Humus sapiens, Itai, Jayjg, Jfdwolff, MathKnight, Nyh, and YUL89YYZ. User AAAAA responded and IZAK suggested monitoring HistoryBuffEr's POV edits . (In the complaint it is claimed that this crossposting incited an edit war at History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This finding of fact does not endorse that conclusion; it just confirms the existence and content of the edits.)
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 13:49, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)
* -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:17, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:08, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Abstain:
Reacting to HistoryBuffEr
5.2) IZAK did not incite an edit war at History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. He was provoked by HistoryBuffEr who had been engaging in POV editing with respect to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict for at least the previous month, see Requests_for_arbitration/HistoryBuffEr_and_Jayjg/Proposed_decision and Requests_for_arbitration/HistoryBuffEr_and_Jayjg/Proposed_decision.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 14:48, Dec 28, 2004 (UTC)
* IZAK merely appears concerned about the validity of the edits in question. Had he not pointed it out, another user undoubtedly would have, thus making an edit war inevitable. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:19, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:11, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Abstain:
"Spamming" to influence
6) IZAK has used the communication system of Wikipedia aggressively in an attempt to influence the outcome of Wikipedia polls, particularly with respect to Isr/Pal issues.
* Aye:
* Martin 01:05, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* James F. (talk) 13:06, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Fred Bauder 16:43, Nov 21, 2004 (UTC)
* mav 06:01, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC) (however, there is no clear policy one what makes for "excessive" cross-posting and many of the others IZAK has posted to like the fact of being informed)
* Grunt 🇪🇺 00:19, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:11, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* I see attempts to communicate regarding issues with those he believed supported his position. I see no evidence of manipulation. Fred Bauder 13:42, Nov 14, 2004 (UTC)
* Abstain:
Reaction to the nomination of Sam Spade as administrator
6.1) On October 3, 2004 User:Sam Spade was nominated for administrator, IZAK took an interest in the matter, on October 6, he voted on the matter "Opposed absolutely!" and then notified RK and over 20 other users regarding the nomination, . This initial post simply provided a link to Requests for adminship/Sam Spade. On October 10, 2004 IZAK posted a message to AAAAA and twenty other users which advocated voting no on Sam Spade's nomination based on his history of editing the article Jew, "Vote "NO". Opposed to SamSpade's unfriendly views in the Jew article." Continuing on October 10, he posted a message to Wikipedia talk:Requests for adminship/Sam Spade containing a link to User:Spleeman/Sam Spade. This was followed in his next edit by a "bill of particulars" detailing the sins of Sam Spade. He continued on October 10, with this post to Theresa knott and about 30 other users advocating either a no vote or a change of vote to no again with a link to User:Spleeman/Sam Spade. This message went to a wide variety of Wikipedia users, many of whom had supported Sam Spade's nomination. Voting ended late on October 10, the nomination defeated (38/38/6) ends 23:02, 10 Oct 2004. This finding is based on an issue raised in the complaint and attempts only to document the evidence.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 15:38, Dec 29, 2004 (UTC)
* Grunt 🇪🇺 00:19, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:11, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Abstain:
Edits to Jew by Sam Spade
6.2) Sam Spade made some edits to Jew during July and August, 2004, including this edit which characterizes Holocaust denial as a "debate." Reverted, he added the header, to the article and shortly thereafter the header, . It was during this series of reverts that IZAK raised the question of anti-Semitism.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 13:52, Dec 31, 2004 (UTC)
* Grunt 🇪🇺 00:20, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:11, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Abstain:
Remedies
proposed wording to be modified by Arbitrators and then voted on
IZAK banned for personal attacks
1) IZAK is banned for 10 days for making personal attacks.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 12:22, Nov 12, 2004 (UTC)
* Martin 00:53, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* James F. (talk) 13:10, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
* Grunt 🇪🇺 00:21, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:35, Jan 1, 2005 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:13, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Abstain:
IZAK banned from editing regarding Israeli-Palestinian conflict
2) IZAK is banned from editing articles which relate to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict for one year.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 12:22, Nov 12, 2004 (UTC)
* Martin 00:53, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* James F. (talk) 13:10, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Too long Fred Bauder 16:50, Nov 21, 2004 (UTC)
* Martin 22:22, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC) (actually, spamming is the complaint, not POV, which I should have paid more heed to)
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC) (agree with Martin)
* Too long; spamming is the complaint, yes, but POV is a large part of that. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:22, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:35, Jan 1, 2005 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) Too long
* →Raul654 02:13, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Abstain:
IZAK briefly banned from editing regarding Israeli-Palestinian conflict
2) IZAK is banned from editing articles which relate to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict for three weeks.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 16:50, Nov 21, 2004 (UTC)
* Martin 22:22, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC) (unsure, but yes)
* Nay:
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC) (I have not seen much on the RfC or evidence page to warrant such a remedy. In fact I've seen more evidence for NPOV edits than for POV ones.)
* Neutralitytalk 06:35, Jan 1, 2005 (UTC)
* Fred Bauder 12:26, Jan 1, 2005 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:13, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Abstain:
* for now Fred Bauder 13:57, Dec 31, 2004 (UTC)
* Agree with mav; however, the POV issue is still there. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:23, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
IZAK prohibited from crossposting certain types of messages
3) IZAK is prohibited from posting messages on user talk pages which contain personal attacks or advocate actions by Wikipedia users in furtherance of POV disputes with repect to Zionism or the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
* Aye:
* Fred Bauder 12:22, Nov 12, 2004 (UTC)
* Martin 00:53, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC) (I can support this, but I prefer 3.1 and 3.2)
* James F. (talk) 13:10, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Nay:
* 3.1 and 3.2 are better. Fred Bauder 16:50, Nov 21, 2004 (UTC)
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC) (agreed)
* Prefer 3.1 and 3.2. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:24, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:15, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) 3.1, 3.2.
* →Raul654 02:13, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Abstain:
IZAK placed on attack parole
3.1) IZAK is placed on standard personal attack parole [for 2 months]. If he makes any edits which are judged by an administrator to be personal attacks, then he shall be temp-banned for a short time, up to one week. Administrators are requested to be particularly vigilant with respect to personal attacks made on user talk pages, and cross-posted personal attacks.
* Aye:
* Martin 00:53, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Fred Bauder 15:47, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)
* James F. (talk) 13:10, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC) (I added a term to te parole, since that was missing; make changes if you wish)
* Grunt 🇪🇺 00:24, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:35, Jan 1, 2005 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:13, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* Abstain:
IZAK prohibited from cross-posting messages relating to certain POV disputes
3.2) IZAK is prohibited from cross-posting messages on talk pages in furtherance of POV disputes with repect to Zionism or the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
* Aye:
* Martin 00:53, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Fred Bauder 15:47, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)
* James F. (talk) 13:10, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 06:35, Jan 1, 2005 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:13, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
* Nay:
* mav 06:00, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC) (I don't see this as needed given the number of people who like his messages and the lack of policy on this issue.)
* Agree with mav. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:25, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
* We had no policy, although perhaps we should regarding extensive campaigns against nominees. Fred Bauder 12:28, Jan 1, 2005 (UTC)
* sannse (talk) 17:59, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* ➥the Epopt 19:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delirium 01:06, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
* David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Abstain:
Enforcement
proposed wording to be modified by Arbitrators and then voted on
* I think all enforcement is covered in the remedies, 24 hrs being standard - David Gerard 21:04, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
1) {text of proposed enforcement}
* Aye:
* Nay:
* Abstain:
General
I have asked IZAK and others to present evidence of NPOV editing by IZAK on the evidence page. I will incorporate the results of this request into the decision if it turns out that IZAK is editing in a NPOV manner rather than the POV manner which is set forth above. Fred Bauder 12:22, Nov 12, 2004 (UTC)
I declare my intention to remain recused here, due to the presence of findings of fact involving HistoryBuffer. However, I strongly urge other arbitrators not to create policy - I firmly believe the crossposting issue, regardless of its merits, should be decided by the community, not the arbitration committee. Ambi 01:02, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Motion to close
Four Aye votes needed to close case
* Everything likely to pass has passed. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 01:59, 2005 Jan 18 (UTC)
* →Raul654 02:13, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC) - Agreed.
* Aye - sannse (talk) 02:20, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Neutralitytalk 22:37, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC) | WIKI |
Wednesday, November 02, 2016
Managing BI Services using ODI
Oracle Data Integrator is one of the widely used tools for data loading into the Oracle Business Intelligence data warehouse. Often it happens that due to frequent data updates in the source systems, the data needs to be refreshed in the data warehouse during the daytime, while users might still be trying to run reports for their reporting purpose. This no doubt calls for a mechanism to restrict the user data access during the refresh activity to avoid dirty reads.
We will be using the WebLogic Scripting Tool to achieve our objective. At the start of the load plan that loads the data from source to target, we will add a step that will bring down the services so that BI cannot be accessed by the users. Again at the end of the load plan we will add a step to bring the services up. This will also help us ensure that if the load fails the services will continue to stay down.
To Stop:
We will be creating an ODI OS command with the below script that will allow us to stop the BI services:
run.sh stop
This script will call the script wlst.sh with the variable value as stop. The content of run.sh will be:
$MW_HOME/oracle_common/common/bin/wlst.sh mydeploy.py stop
The parameters required for wlst.sh can be passed and set via other supporting (usually ".py") files as described here.
To Start:
We will be creating an ODI OS command with the below script that will allow us to start the BI services:
run.sh start
This script will call the script wlst.sh with the variable value as start. The content of run.sh will be:
$MW_HOME/oracle_common/common/bin/wlst.sh mydeploy.py start
The values for start and stop are passed over from run.sh. Using the above variables for stop, start and Middleware home further means we have an increased flexibility and these variables can be refreshed using ODI variables in the package from a database control table. Thus this code will run fine in every environment without requiring any change, since the values are already set specific to each instance in our database control table with the appropriate values.
Another advantage of having the start and stop mechanism through ODI is utilizing the daily executing statistics to predict the completion time of the job. Usually the execution time tends to vary over a period of time and often shows a pattern, i.e. the job might take longer on specific days of the months, or might be increasing by a few minutes every week. These can be considered in a ETC (estimated time of completion) calculator procedure that can simply calculate the expected end time of the job using our custom algorithm. This information is often extremely handy in crunch situations and puts the static history data to good use for all. There goes some small AI stuff again!
How do you automate your BI service related activities and downtime maintenance?
0 Comments:
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2023–24 Washington Capitals season
The 2023–24 Washington Capitals season was the 50th season (49th season of play) for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that was established on June 11, 1974.
The Capitals returned to the playoffs after missing them for the first time since 2013–14 season (and only the second time since 2006–07), ending their eight-season playoff streak, and attempted to win the team's second Stanley Cup and their first since 2018. The Capitals clinched the final playoff spot in the Eastern Conference on April 16, 2024, following a 2–1 victory over the Philadelphia Flyers. During the playoffs, the Capitals faced a first round sweep by the Presidents' Trophy-winning New York Rangers, marking the first occurrence of such an event in the team's franchise history.
Preseason
The preseason schedule was released on June 21, 2023.
* - style="text-align:center;"
* Legend:
Player stats
As of April 28, 2024
Goaltenders
†Denotes player spent time with another team before joining the Capitals. Stats reflect time with the Capitals only.
‡No longer with the Capitals.
Transactions
The Capitals have been involved in the following transactions during the 2023–24 season.
Key:
Contract is entry-level. Contract initially takes effect in the 2024–25 season.
Draft picks
Below are the Washington Capitals selections at 2023 NHL Entry Draft, which was on June 28 and 29, 2023, at Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee.
Notes: | WIKI |
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• Oct 20 2019 22:59
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Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
And this is what closure does - it references a variable in the scope where it was defined.
Localization is an interesting approach, I didn't think about that much.
hiiamboris
@hiiamboris
what if specialize returned a wrapper to itself until there's no more arguments to apply?
Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
I'd rather wrap myself in a blanket now.
hiiamboris
@hiiamboris
;)
nedzadarek
@nedzadarek
@9214
you apply function to one argument and it returns you
Well... I need some sleep
hiiamboris
@hiiamboris
to clarify the point above:
spec(x0,f(x,y,z)) when called returns spec(y0,f(y,z,x=x0)), and the new one => f(z,x=x0,y=y0)
so you only have to call spec() once on a normal function to construct a currying variant, and then each call just adds an argument until there's only one argument remains and the function itself is returned
it's all great in theory though, but in practice a returned function will be just data (it won't accept arguments yet), so you'll need an operator (or do reduce [..]) to call it
hiiamboris
@hiiamboris
@9214 as a master bindologist, might you have any insight on the following performance data?
x: 1
....
0:00:00.442000001 [get in context? 'x 'x]
0:00:00.238000001 [get bind 'x context? 'x]
Gregg Irwin
@greggirwin
@hiiamboris, bind and in do their work differently, as you can see in the R/S code. We'd have to profile the internals to see what's slower, aside from obvious overhead of extra func calls between find-word/bind-word. Doc might say, but he's busy.
Nenad Rakocevic
@dockimbel
@hiiamboris in requires a stack slot copy while bind just modifies the first argument slot on stack, and re-use it as returned value. The incurred overhead exists because such copy boils down to an expensive memcpy(), which could be replaced in a future (once we start working on optimizations) by a simple read/write using an SSE 128-bit wide register. Once such optimization is done, the difference should become insignificant.
hiiamboris
@hiiamboris
hmm.. interesting, thank you @dockimbel !
Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
Guh, I'm late :(
@hiiamboris my answer would the basic version of @dockimbel's - bind modifies context pointer in slot and returns it, while in allocates an extra copy, so as to avoid modification of the original word (I guess?).
lepinekong
@lepinekong_twitter
@toomasv I can't find composite in help ?
Toomas Vooglaid
@toomasv
@lepinekong_twitter :point_up: April 6, 2018 1:14 AM
lepinekong
@lepinekong_twitter
I feel frustrated: why this basic switch doesn't work :smile:
type: word!;
probe type? type ; datatype!
probe type? word! ; datatype!
probe (type = word!); true
switch type [
unset! [
print "unset!"
]
word! string! file! url! block! [
print "word! string! file! url! block!"
]
]
Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
@lepinekong_twitter switch type?/word
lepinekong
@lepinekong_twitter
@toomasv ah ok thanks I didn't remember
@9214 that's my point why would I need type?/word since type? type and type? word! are same so that (type = word!)
Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
>> switch 'word! [word! [print "word!"]]
word!
@lepinekong_twitter you're switching by datatype, but your block contains words.
lepinekong
@lepinekong_twitter
value [any-type!] "The value to match".
Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
>> block: [word! [print "word!"]]
== [word! [print "word!"]]
>> type? word!
== datatype!
>> type? block/1
== word!
>> type? type? block/1
== datatype!
>> type? type?/word block/1
== word!
lepinekong
@lepinekong_twitter
@9214 so inside block it becomes word ? but why value is of type any-type! instead of word!
Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
@lepinekong_twitter what..?
What any-type! has to do with that?
lepinekong
@lepinekong_twitter
according to help
Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
every value is any-type!
lepinekong
@lepinekong_twitter
so why can't I test datatype!
Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
What you have inside block are words, not datatypes
but you're switching by datatype
BeardPower
@BeardPower
@9214 word
Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
You can use construction syntax instead, that way block will contain a datatype, not a word that looks like datatype:
>> switch 'word! [word! [print "word!"]]
word!
>> switch word! [#[word!] [print "word!"]]
word!
Toomas Vooglaid
@toomasv
@lepinekong_twitter
Tortured
switch type compose [(word!) [print "word!"]]
== word!
lepinekong
@lepinekong_twitter
@9214 ah ok thanks I like 'word! better
Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
lepinekong
@lepinekong_twitter
@toomasv too much :smile:
BeardPower
@BeardPower
@9214 That's RDM for the new century :)
Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
>> word? 'bird!
== true
BeardPower
@BeardPower
I expect some new interpretation from you soon: The Red is a lang! :)
nedzadarek
@nedzadarek
Can we make a wiki that contains links to parse's stuffs?
and they are already covered here, so I don't see a need in another collection of links
nedzadarek
@nedzadarek
@9214 but are there some difference between Red's and Rebol 2 & Rebol 3 's parse?
ps. that I cannot think because I sing the song!
Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
@nedzadarek Red's parse is more sophisticated than R2 version, but on a par with R3, I guess.
nedzadarek
@nedzadarek
Then I would like to keep such informations... if possible.
Vladimir Vasilyev
@9214
@nedzadarek you don't need to ask for permission to start a wiki page, if that's what you mean. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
CML
Creating Subpages
Create sub pages with you're A.I. Editor.
What is a subpage?
A subpage is a page that is categorized under a main page on your navigation bar.
Example: "About Us" is a main page, and underneath that page in the navigation bar would be an "Our History" subpage.
What does it mean to organize my pages?
This means that you are changing the order that the pages are displayed on the navigation bar of your website.
Creating a subpage
1. Find the page you would like to make into a subpage page
2. Drag and drop the page underneath the main page
3. Drag the page to the right and release the page ? you should see the subpage indent under your main page
Updated: 03 Jun 2019 09:14 AM
Helpful?
Help us to make this article better
0 0 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Back Again (Bob Brookmeyer album)
Back Again is an album released by American jazz trombonist Bob Brookmeyer featuring tracks recorded in 1978 and originally released on the Sonet label.
Reception
Scott Yanow of AllMusic stated: "This session was valve trombonist Bob Brookmeyer's first jazz date in 13 years after a period writing for the studios and then away from music altogether. Brookmeyer, who is featured in a quintet with cornetist Thad Jones, pianist Jimmy Rowles, bassist George Mraz and drummer Mel Lewis, proves to still be in prime form playing in an unchanged style".
Track listing
* 1) "Sweet and Lovely" (Gus Arnheim, Jules LeMare, Harry Tobias) - 8:30
* 2) "Carib" (Bob Brookmeyer) - 4:07
* 3) "Caravan" (Juan Tizol, Duke Ellington, Irving Mills) - 7:37
* 4) "You'd Be So Nice to Come Home To" (Cole Porter) - 6:49
* 5) "Willow Weep for Me" (Ann Ronell) - 3:45
* 6) "I Love You" (Porter) - 5:58
* 7) "In a Rotten Mood" (Brookmeyer) - 5:55
Personnel
* Bob Brookmeyer - valve trombone
* Thad Jones - cornet, flugelhorn
* Jimmy Rowles - piano
* George Mraz - bass
* Mel Lewis - drums | WIKI |
Rial Chew Ranch Complex
The Rial Chew Ranch Historic District comprises a ranching operation in what is now Dinosaur National Monument in northwestern Colorado, that existed from 1900 to 1949. The Rial Chew family established the ranch in 1900, operating it as a park inholding after the national monument was established in 1919. The district includes a house, a cabin, root cellar, corrals and several storage buildings. The cabin may have been built at Blue Mountain by Harry Chew, and moved to the present site by Jack Chew, Rial's father. The ranch was occupied by the Chew family until their special use permit expired in the early 1970s. | WIKI |
Talk:equalism
RFC discussion: December 2012
"Forms of egalitarianism (advocacy of equality) concerned with issues of gender or race." I don't see how it can mean "forms of egalitarianism". Also the Wikipedia page (which is a diambiguation page) says something totally different. Mglovesfun (talk) 18:09, 29 December 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Detection of Nerve Growth Factor and One of Its Receptors
Diane F. Hill, Gregory Dissen, Ying Jun Ma, Sergio Ojeda
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
21 Scopus citations
Abstract
This chapter describes some of the methodological approaches that are used to study the involvement of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the neuroendocrine control of female sexual development. The ribonuclease protection assay is a highly sensitive and specific method for detection of tissue-specific mRNA expression. It utilizes a 32P-labeled antisense RNA probe that is first hybridized in solution to tissue mRNA and then subjected to digestion with ribonucleases. Hybridization of the probe to complementary mRNA sequences present in tissues makes the complex insensitive to ribonuclease digestion and results in a protected band that has the exact size of the hybridizing sequence. As complementary sense mRNA sequences can be synthesized by in vitro transcription, appropriate standard curves can be generated by dilution and used to quantitate the changes in tissue mRNA levels. Additionally, nerve growth factor protein is detection by two-site immunoassay. This method is basically that of Korsching and Thoenen, with less detail regarding the conceptual aspects of the assay, more detail in some technical aspects, and with specific focus on areas of the brain where NGF content is low.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)179-196
Number of pages18
JournalMethods in Neurosciences
Volume9
Issue numberC
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 1992
Externally publishedYes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Neuroscience(all)
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Dive into the research topics of 'Detection of Nerve Growth Factor and One of Its Receptors'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Wikipedia talk:Education program archive/University of California, Berkeley/Politics of Digital Piracy (Fall 2013)
Project 1 Proposal
Included in the proposal should be:
* Please hit the edit button on the right and post your 1 paragraph proposals for your project below.
* whether you are a. doing 2 written projects, the first which is due Oct. 16, and the second at the end of the semester or b. doing a semester-long hands-on project.
* Please note the guidelines below:
* Practice is not the objective of the project, but one of the ways to investigate the relevant concepts explored in the class (intellectual property, network architecture, circumvention, hacking, remix, DIY, peer production, etc). You can investigate in any way you want (analysis, practice, fieldwork, etc) and present your results in any format you want (text, video, code, art, a mix of them, etc), as long as you're focused on investigating the concepts and not just practicing for practice's sake. That means the minimal requirements for the project are:
* 1. You should show why your investigation is relevant to the topics we're discussing in class. If your format does not make that connection clear, you should at least be able to explain it verbally.*
* 2. You should try to create something. If your entire project was the execution of instructions, that's not good. If it's hard to produce innovative work, but you should at least come up with your own ideas and reflections.
Proposal Entries (post below this)
Project 1 I would like to make a detailed timeline of the history of The Pirate Bay, including all its legal battles and the interplay of Swedish/International copyright law. Finished project can be found here. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:07, 3 October 2013 (UTC)link.kb
Project 2 For this project I created a powerpoint summary of the 2012 SOPA/PIPA protests. Found here. 2607:F140:400:B000:6D3F:E8BA:A3B2:2CF (talk) 00:49, 5 December 2013 (UTC)
Aseem Singh Project One Proposal: I would like to delve deeper into the issues of the NSA data storage facilities. I am interested in looking up the background of the data surveillance programs and the origin and applications of the government piracy in the USA. I think I would also like to bring up relevant similar programs, even so far as the extremes of the great firewall of China and possible other internet security monitors enacted by other countries.
Derek Pierce I would like to make an infographic on peer to peer downloading, I would like to look more into how much it is done, the costs of it, etc. and put it all in one place so more people can learn about it.
Sebastian Sadeghi I would like to explore the world of hacking. I want to learn more about hacks and how to create one. I hope to learn how to program them and ultimately develop one on my own by the end of the semester.
Joseph Martin (Proposal 1 of 2) I would like to profile the United States Patents and Trademarks Office and, to some extent, the Dept. of Commerce, it's parent organization. As technologies move from the creators to the mass market, they undergo issues like hacking and infringement or other types of piracy. Since the USPTO is a primary institution for keeping that system in place, I think it would be worthwhile to understand the other branches of Intellectual Property, aside from the most easily infringed-upon copyright. (Proposal 2 of 2) I would like to write about the DMCA. The Digital Millennium Rights Act is one of the cornerstones of modern copyright la and is quite possibly one of the most visible parts of the law, due to the fact that it allows takedowns of websites etc.
Chun Timothy Tsao Proposal for Project 1 of 2 projects: I would like to analyze an ongoing project (that I was briefly part of) called Xlab. It is an app developing project by the Civil Engineering department that aims to revolutionize the way students take surveys. Using Android and iOS platforms for its operating basis, the app will send out pre-programmed survey questions to registered and eligible students to their phones, depending on their location (geo-fences), time of day, and frequency of visiting certain places. I will aim to investigate the issues of balancing privacy and surveillance with the potential implementation of this app into the public. I will also create a hypothetical marketing plan for the project to see, from a utilitarian standpoint, whether its benefits outweigh its potential issues.
Sergio Gonzalez I am interested in analyzing The World Intellectual Property Organization and how they function. Specifically, I am interested in the economic effects it has on other countries and the possible exploitation of developing countries' ideas by developed countries.
Henry Wright I am interested in creating a video tutorial on how to securely surf the web utilizing programs such as privoxy, tor, and virtual machine. I'm going to try to have the video length be around 15-20 min or less and then release it on YouTube using a CC licence.
Andrea Haro: I am interested in doing a semester long video project covering what "hacking" really is. The purpose of the video would be to inform people that hacking is not just a negative and criminal activity. I want the video to include facts about hacking and video clips of various "cool" hacks. For this I would have to research the hacking culture and find various videos to show all of the cool stuff people are doing by hacking!
Jonathan Casian - project proposal. I would like to create a video tutorial on how to browse the web using tor and onion networks. The video would include a brief introduction on internet privacy in general. I will then upload it to YouTube, Daily Motion, or Vimeo. Another idea, perhaps for the second project, is to make a video tutorial on the distinctions between the various ways of legally protecting one's work, trademarks, etc., exposing myths about them, and finally explaining the process of copyrighting one's own creative work (particularly using the example of copyrighting and publishing novels) and the kinds of rights/protection granted when copyrighting works.
Olivia Tang-Kong, Proposal for Project 1 of 2 Written Projects: I am interested in exploring the role of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in both consumers and producers’ lives. I would like to explore if this government agency, aimed at protecting the consumer, has any particular political agendas that have been evident in recent years. I am also interested in exploring the economic impact this organization has had on the U.S.
Arash Akhavan
I am interested in Contributing to an open source Content Management System (CMS) designed for Web site publishing. These CMSs make it easier for people with limited IT and Web knowledge to publish their content online. I have already worked on e107 and SPIP and I'm going to either work more on these two or get involved in a new project.
Lancy Zhang I am interested in making a video/short movie on countries who have strict censorships. I would like to explore the history, background, and reason behind their current censorship, how their censorship works/what is being censored/in what way, and their future prospects in loosening or tightening the censorships.
Lisa Sinow - I would like to research the laws surrounding people's privacy and protecting people's privacy when involving the internet. I think it would be interesting to compare it to privacy and surveillance laws for the non-cyber world (such as security cameras at the mall) to how they are the same or different when they are both intended to protect personal privacy.
Andy Cheng - I plan on doing an analysis of the FTC, also known as the Federal Trade Commission. I'm going to provide a summary of the background of the group as well as analyze how effective the existence of the FTC has been at achieving its raison d'être. I also plan on going into detail about patents and FTC’s roles in managing them.
Patrick Edward O'Toole The Patriot Act is a U.S. law passed after the 2001 terrorist attacks with goals to strengthen domestic security and broaden the powers of law-enforcement agencies. The Patriot Act has been extremely controversial. Supporters claim that it's been instrumental in stopping terrorists, while critics say that it gives the Government too much power, threatens civil liberties and undermines democracy.
* What is the Patriot Act(stated purpose and design)
* Supporting Arguments
* Criticisms
* How it works
* Does it work
Bo Cho - Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) is a multinational treaty set up for the purposes of establishing international standards for intellectual property rights enforcement. ACTA aims to establish an international legal framework or foundation for counterfeit goods, generic medicines, and copyright infringement on the internet. It also creates a new international governing body besides the existing organizations such as WTO, UN, or WIPO. The agreement was signed by eight countries in October 2011and Mexico as well as the EU joined in 2012.
I would like to do 2 projects this semester, the first one being an overview of the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). I plan on providing a summary of the association's duties as well as other intricate details.
* Mihaela Panayotova***
Jonathan Casian... For the second project, i would like to find a particular legal case related to piracy and a particular individual where the individual was fined immense and irrational amounts of money for downloading music, movie, or software. I would like to summarize and assess the case.
For my second project, I would like to present a thorough analysis of one of the most famous contemporary copyright infringement cases: The Associated Press vs. Fairey. This case came about during Obama's presidential campaign and the Obama "Hope" poster, created by Shephard Fairey. The central argument of the case was that the photograph used by Shepherd was one shot by Mannie Garcia, a freelance photographer for the Associated Press. The Associated Press demanded compensation for the use of their photograph in the Obama campaign.
* Mihaela Panayotova-Project 2 Proposal*** | WIKI |
Embassy of the United Kingdom, Jakarta
The Embassy of the United Kingdom in Jakarta is the chief diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in Indonesia. The British Ambassador to Indonesia also serves as the non-resident Ambassador to Timor-Leste and also as British representative to ASEAN.
History
The original embassy was built in 1962, to the designs of Eric Bedford, Chief Architect at the Ministry of Public Buildings and Works. It was ransacked on 16 September 1963 when anti-British sentiment led to attacks on both the British and Malaysian Embassies. During the attack, the assistant military attache Roderick Walker played bagpipes as a sign of defiance against the mob attack.
The old Embassy building on Jl. MH Thamrin in Central Jakarta, had increasingly become the target of protesters. In 2004, the Islam Defenders Front (FPI) knocked down the building's gate and pelted it with rotten eggs. The British government installed roadblocks at its two main access points, a move that was met with contempt from local residents. As a result of security issues the UK decided to seek a more suitable building.
The Embassy moved to its current location on Jl. Patra Kuningan Raya, South Jakarta in 2013 and was officially opened by Prince Andrew, Duke of York. It sits in grounds behind a secure gatehouse.
Other locations
Outside Jakarta, there is also a British Honorary Consulate in Bali providing limited consular assistance. | WIKI |
Program to find number not greater than n where all digits are non-decreasing in python
Suppose we have a number n, we have to find the largest number smaller or equal to n where all digits are non-decreasing.
So, if the input is like n = 221, then the output will be 199.
To solve this, we will follow these steps:
• digits := a list with all digits in n
• bound := null
• for i in range size of digits - 1 down to 0, do
• if digits[i] < digits[i - 1], then
• bound := i
• digits[i - 1] := digits[i - 1] - 1
• if bound is not null, then
• for i in range bound to size of digits, do
• digits[i] := 9
• join each digit in digits to form a number and return it
Let us see the following implementation to get better understanding:
Example Code
Live Demo
class Solution:
def solve(self, n):
digits = [int(x) for x in str(n)]
bound = None
for i in range(len(digits) - 1, 0, -1):
if digits[i] < digits[i - 1]:
bound = i
digits[i - 1] -= 1
if bound:
for i in range(bound, len(digits)):
digits[i] = 9
return int("".join(map(str, digits)))
ob = Solution()
n = 221
print(ob.solve(n))
Input
221
Output
199
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User:Nyanardsan/sandbox/List of public hospitals in Indonesia
This is a list of public hospitals in Indonesia. Public hospitals in Indonesia are a major part of Indonesian healthcare system, especially in regencies outside of cities where private hospitals might not be available. Public hospitals are mostly named RSUD, abbreviaton of Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah or Regional General Hospital. In theory, all regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kota) in Indonesia have at least one RSUD under the management of the local government. In addition to one hospital in each regencies or cities, the provincial government also has at least one general hospital under its management as main referral hospital of the province as well as one psychiatric hospital. Indonesian hospitals are divided into classes based on the amount of specialist cares they can provide based on Law Number 44 of 2009 (Undang-undang No. 44 Tahun 2009) by the Ministry of Health. These classes are A-class, B-class, C-class, and D-class. A-class hospitals are defined as a hospital that have at least four basic specialists, five supporting medical specialists, 2 other specialists, and 13 subspecialists cares. B-class hospitals are defined as a hospital that have at least four basic specialists, four supporting medical specialists, eight other specalists, and two subspecialists cares. C-class hospitals are defined as a hospital that have at least four basic specialists and four supporting medical specialists cares. Lastly, D-class hospitals are defined as a hospital that only have at least two basic specialist cares. Apart from public hospitals directly managed by regency, city, or province government, there are also public hospitals managed by Indonesian Armed Force and Indonesian National Police, as well as public universities and other public entities.
Below are the list of public hospitals in Indonesia, each with its owner and classes assigned to them by Ministry of Health. | WIKI |
How To: Make a CRT TV Into an Oscilloscope
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161
133
Introduction: How To: Make a CRT TV Into an Oscilloscope
About: An electrical engineer who likes to make things. | Thingiverse: https://www.thingiverse.com/dwink/designs | Twitter: https://twitter.com/D_Winker
This is the simplest possible way to make a CRT (cathode ray tube) TV into an oscilloscope, it can be done in about half an hour.
Supplies
-A CRT TV (color may work, but I'm not sure)
-Some wire
-A soldering gun
-Rubber gripped pliers (for safety)
-A screw driver
Step 1: Identify Wires
After undoing all screws remove the cover from the TV.
Inside wrapped around the CRT are two coils of wire, one controls the vertical deflection of electrons, the other controls the horizontal deflection.
Find where these coils of wire attach to the circuit board, and desolder one coil.
Place the cover back on the TV(for safety) and plug in and turn on the TV.
If you see a horizontal line, you desoldered the vertical deflection coil.
If you see a vertical line, you desoldered the horizontal deflection coil.
Step 2: Placing Wires
Desolder the vertical coil if you haven't already and attach extra wire to the vertical coil, this will have to be long enough to come out of the TV so you can attach a voltage source.
Now desolder the horizontal coil, and solder it to where the vertical coil was.
Step 3: That's It
Really, it's an oscilloscope now.
Step 4: How to Use It With Music
I use mine to watch the waves created by music from my mp3 player
First take an old pair of headphones and cut one off, then strip away some of the insulation.
Now you should have multiple exposed wires, one will be slightly thicker than the others and wll have a thin coating of insulation on it - scrape it off.
Attach this wire to one end of the vertical coil, and the small group of wires to the other end.
Now plug it into a sound source, remember your attaching your mp3 player (or whatever) to a giant coil of wire, and there's chance it could break.
Art of Sound Contest
Participated in the
Art of Sound Contest
8 People Made This Project!
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133 Discussions
1
Annnnnnnnn
Annnnnnnnn
Tip 2 months ago
VERY IMPORTANT ALERT !!
Be careful about the ELECTRIC SHOCK.
Television is one of the most dangerous devices found in homes because of its HIGH VOLTAGE. Even when it is turned off, there may be some capacitors that are charged.
So be careful about the electric shock that can be fatal. Even air can flow the electricity when, the voltage is high enough.
So, when working with HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENTS, SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED.
Always close the cover of the television and stay far from it before you plug in it to the power.
Use plastic shoes to reduce the risk of electric shock.
And ...
For more informations please read:
https://www2.lbl.gov/ehs/pub3000/CH08/LBNL%20Electrical%20Safety%20Manual.pdf
0
gc30
gc30
Question 2 years ago on Introduction
Hello there,
I followed this how to and came up with a kind of working version (see attached video or https://www.instagram.com/p/BfRmjNyFkJR/?taken-by=mightlife). But as you might notice, the waves are quite small in comparison with the screen size and, in fact, the Behringer mixer which is providing the output signal, is maxed out, as is the synth that is being input.
Any ideas what I might be doing wrong?
TV - Westinghouse Sylph 12 (probably from the '70s, if not before)
Mixer (from Main outs) - Behringer Eurorack UB1002
It's certainly not at the stage where I can plug in an mp3 player, the signal would be far too low.
Any help is much appreciated,
Thanks and have a good day :)
G
0
DWinker
DWinker
Reply 1 year ago
It looks almost like an XY oscilloscope (neat!), are both coils connected to audio signals?
As for the size, my CRT scope only used a fraction of the screen - the output was tiny. This instructable might be of use though https://www.instructables.com/id/Fully-Functional-...
Best of luck!
0
Lola43210
Lola43210
4 years ago
Hi ..?
This is the third TV burnt !! ?
It was showing that line and then after 7 minutes suddenly disappear! it is happening every time
Why that does not work with me?
The TV is working but the screen is black.
The horizontal coil supposed to handle the 60hz what is the wrong ?
I even could not try that circuit you suggested ...
0
DWinker
DWinker
Reply 4 years ago
Sorry I took so long to respond! And I'm sorry about all the TVs; that's too bad.
The TVs don't work at all any more? And does anything actually burn? Do any components inside look like they failed?
Moving the deflection coils shouldn't make anything change in a way that would break the TV
0
Lola43210
Lola43210
Reply 4 years ago
no problem
actually I finally did it! and I find out what was the problem
thank you very much for your help :) and your instructions.
0
TimS397
TimS397
Reply 2 years ago
Hello! I think I got the same problem as you at the time.
I can't get no line or point... The Tv is on, but the screen stays black. On the front panel the led blinks, wich is not habitual...
Do you have any idea? Is my Tv not old enough? I tried on 3 different TVs and only on of them works just fine (apparently the oldest one).
Thanks!
Tim
0
DWinker
DWinker
Reply 4 years ago
Woohoo! I'm glad to hear that.
0
JasonP155
JasonP155
Reply 4 years ago
Try connecting a "dummy" coil to the disconnected output. Try to choose a coil of similar impedance to the yoke. (1-2mH, 5-10 ohms).
Next time try using a small black and white unit. The simpler the better.
0
SteffenV3
SteffenV3
2 years ago
This is so cool, I found this old tv years when clearing out a storage room for my old employer. I'm gonna try to do this, but I'm very new at soldering, so I think I might try another project first. This one has a jack input behind for receiving signals. Maybe I could reroute it for the oscilloscope input?
1513354235202892025203.jpg
0
8runo
8runo
3 years ago
I nailed it second try. Really easy and fun nice instructable
0
GuillermoO12
GuillermoO12
3 years ago
hi! I've already done this with an old crt tv but I was wondering if it would be ok to connect the tv's own audio wiring to the coils so I can just input an audio signal (somewhere in the circuit) and use the tv's own amp to drive the coils, I haven't done it yet because I think it might be dangerous but what do you think?
0
DWinker
DWinker
Reply 3 years ago
I like the idea! If you find the speaker(s), it should lead you right to the TV's amplifier, and if it's an integrated circuit (a chip) you might be able to look it up online for more info.
There's always danger working inside the TV because of the high voltages. As for this specific modification, the amplifier is not designed to drive the deflection coils. This could potentially lead to excessive heating which, in the worst, case means fire! I don't think that's particularly likely, but if you try it, be safe!
0
GuillermoO12
GuillermoO12
Reply 3 years ago
Thanks! Yeah in fact I was able to input my own audio into the tv amp and hear ir through the speaker. So I'm gonna proceed now... I'll be posting images soon
0
JasonP155
JasonP155
4 years ago
I am not surprised people are killing TV's. It is not uncommon for Large, color displays to have protection circuitry that shuts the system down in the event of a deflection coil failiure. When these things were new they were very costly and vulnerable to permanent damage from burn-in. Any one this worked well for no doubt noticed how intense the trace is at normal brightness. Normally that beam scans the whole frame. My advice is to find yourself a small black and white crt to work with. Early Macintosh computers (SE, Plus, SE/30, etc) are excellent for this. Very rugged.
As for the input, direct feeding the vertical yoke is awfully crude. In order for this to behave anything like a real scope from the signal's point of view, you need a buffer, an amplifier, and an impedance matching network. Otherwise referred to as the scope's vertical amplifier. If you don't know what that means or how to put that sort of thing together, if the TV you're working with has an audio input, I would recommend finding the wires leading to the TV's speaker, sending them to the vertical yoke, and putting your signal through the audio input. If you're using a monitor or sound is no good, you could also use any old stereo power amp that can drive low impedance speakers.
0
Lola43210
Lola43210
4 years ago
Hi
I do all the instruction for 3 tv !!!
One of them dosnt work anymore
and the rest show that the herizontal line but when I contacted to the signal sources still show me that line
There is no wave shape. :(
0
DWinker
DWinker
Reply 4 years ago
What type of signal source did you use? It's possible that it wasn't strong enough. A good source to test with is a battery connected to a potentiometer. You can put the center pin of the potentiometer on one end of the vertical coil and ground the other, then you should be able to move the line up and down.
0
Lola43210
Lola43210
Reply 4 years ago
First I want to thank you
I am sorry if I am gonna bothering you
I want asking you
I don't think I get it !
I connected with my laptop and then my phone and I played some video on YouTube that had 20~3000 Hz
Is not enough ???
And you are suggest that I should to connect the v-coil with battery and potentometer just like that without a laptop ???
0
DWinker
DWinker
Reply 4 years ago
Not a bother at all! Your laptop or phone should work fine, was the volume turned up high?
And yes, no laptop. I've attached a crude image of the setup.
Test circuit.png
0
Lola43210
Lola43210
Reply 4 years ago
oh !!
thank you sooo much !!
I will try that and tell you what I got (: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:GNU Privacy Guard
Old Discussion
Matt, I puzzled over that wording and was not happy with what I ended up with. You've solved exactly the problem I had with it, and within minutes too. Thanks. ww 14:58, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)
* Glad I could help! It's got me thinking, though: does anyone proactively audit GnuPG, like is done in OpenBSD? — Matt 15:27, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)
* If you mean the software itself, yes, why not? The GNU project is the place where the heart of open source develompent beats. Cbguder 17:09, Jun 2, 2004 (UTC)
* I think it was "crypto auditing" Matt meant here, and I don't know. Clearly there is some 'lots of eyeballs means all bugs are shallow' stuff, as Nuygen's observation is an example thereof, and Cbguder probably had one or more apects of that in mind here, but formal auditing... ?? Sorry not to have known. This goes on my things to checklist, I suppose. ww 13:58, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)
* Well, what's formal in the free software scene anyway? =) Btw, ww, thanks for moving the logo, it looks much better now. =) Cbguder 15:03, Jun 3, 2004 (UTC)
* I'd take the credit, but I suspect Matt would object. It was his fault! As for formal, I meant here planned, intentional, regular, deliberate, explicit as opposed to catch as catch can, when/if someone notices, etc. Like that. ww 18:02, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)
* I see, here's the case: it's not that loose so that the whole project depends on coincidences, but there are no guarantees either. There are people devoted to every project, and of course these projects have leaders and sometimes even schedules. They don't stumble by bugs, they search for them, but still no guarantees... =) Cbguder 19:57, Jun 3, 2004 (UTC)
* As of 2007, There has been at least one person (Felix von Leitner) interested in doing an OpenBSD-style secure code audit. He even provided a diff. From http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2007/Jan/0267.html :"I did a gnupg audit recently. I was, frankly, appalled by the code quality. It is a desert of pointer manipulation, string copying, memcpy and strcpy are used all over the place, and sprintf, too."<IP_ADDRESS> 17:11, 12 October 2007 (UTC)
* Felix did find a few minor bugs, but a lot of his claims were totally incorrect and based on misunderstanding how gpg works (for example, he claimed guessing the pid, time and some uninitialized stack data was enough for an attack (it isn't)). I've audited gpg occasionally, but nothing formal, eg, , , and a few others. If someone wanted to set up a formal audit, I'd get involved. Unlike Felix, I quite like the gpg codebase. -- taviso 20:38, 14 October 2007 (UTC)
added 'how to use' section
I hope it's OK that I've added a new section with only an outline of the desired content.
I've found the GnuPG documentation to be difficult to understand, since they are so expansive and seem to be designed for experts who will read the document from start to finish. What I need -- and what I think others need, hence my addition of a skeletal section to this fine webpage -- is a simple few-step guide.
If (or when) I figure out how to do these simple things, I'll add something here. Well, that's assuming that my change doesn't get reverted by folks who know better what should be here.
I actually know how to do some of the steps, but the exporting step isn't working well. It seems that I have to edit a file in ~/.gnupg, which is OK except that I don't know the syntax to use for, say, the MIT keyserver, which is the one I normally favour for web-based work.
--Dankelley 17:32, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* It sounds like a great idea, but this article isn't really the place for it. It would work well on Wikibooks, though. — Matt 18:20, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Thanks. It seems you're the authority, so please go ahead and delete/revert my added section. Thanks for getting back to me, and thanks for your work on this page. --Dankelley 00:24, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Thanks (although I've only contributed a small amount to this article!) I should really also point out that nobody on Wikipedia has any more rights or say-so over a page than anyone else...in a sense, everyone is the "authority" — but the aim is to produce encyclopedia articles, and "tutorial"-type content doesn't really fit on Wikipedia. Of course, you'd be very welcome if you wanted to help expand the description of how GnuPG works (it could do with some work), but the slant is towards describing the system, rather than teaching people how to use the software. — Matt 00:45, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Dankelley, you might want to start something in Wikibooks as Matt suggested, I am willing to help too. We can look at Cryptography or Wikibooks:Cryptography:Digital_signatures to find where to put this "GnuPG (Howto)" book, and start! In fact, I even thought I should one day or another put my Enigmail tutorial in wikibooks too ;-) -- ClementSeveillac 04:00, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
POV
The new additions to the second paragraph under "Problems" seem a little too POV Suggestions? Turnstep 14:45, September 8, 2005 (UTC)
* I've edited a little, primarily removing bits that (I felt) wasn't necessary. For stuff like this, I think it's easiest to stick to simple statements of facts, and not try and provide commentary or analysis. — Matt Crypto 16:39, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
I have changed the paragraph on GPGME, due to factual errors: gpg and gpgme do communicate through a stable interface designed for machine use (ala GDB annotated machine interface). An API does not need to be a function call. Described an advantage of using a co-processes. -Werner
Image
I added an image that shows the general form of an encrypted file using the PGP protocol. I hope nobody minds; I personally feel that it's a useful addition. Midwinter 01:28, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
links pointing to the same article
While it's true that parsimony suggests conflation of the links, I reverted it for two reaosns. First, the links may not always point ot hte same thing as WP changes and morphs. And, second, there are two distinct entities being pointed at here, even if they are currently pointing to the same thing. One's a standard, one's a software product. Infact, I think the problem is that there should be two articles. ww 20:21, 4 June 2006 (UTC)
* I agree that there should be two articles. — Matt Crypto 22:31, 4 June 2006 (UTC)
Enigmail a compromise?
I don't understand why Enigmail should compromise GPG's security (even hypothetically). Did Evolution and KMail's developers consult the GPG team? Jancikotuc 19:38, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
A long time ago I worked with the Evolution authors to sort out problems introduced by the Evo design. I worked closely together with the KMail authors and we implemented some nice stuff to help identify what has been signed by whom. As usual with the KDE code base things may change to the worse or better from time to time. Werner Koch (talk) 14:43, 14 August 2013 (UTC)
Fair use rationale for Image:PGP form.png
Image:PGP form.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.
BetacommandBot (talk) 15:29, 8 March 2008 (UTC)
Cross-compilation paragraph
The paragraph containing the cross-compilation mention seems out of place, but the sentences talking specifically about cross-compilation seem completely unnecessary for the article in my opinion. I didn't remove them, though, since, well, it's just my opinion. --Sydius (talk) 00:12, 16 August 2008 (UTC)
* Agreed. It's gone. Chris Cunningham (not at work) - talk 11:47, 16 August 2008 (UTC)
Just Curious: Would a Creative Commons License do? Supposing you're the author... I'd love to know how I got that boxy thingie to work : ) Didn't intention it, but there it is <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:26, 18 August 2008 (UTC)
* You began a line with a space. That causes the line of text to be displayed exactly as entered, without formatting. Yvh11a (Talk • Contribs) 15:30, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
Pointdexter's Carnivore working overtime?
I used to use Phil Zimmermann's freeware PGP back in the day. All of a sudden, if you even GPG or PGP sign an email, it's going into some black hole somewhere; like it never existed! I live in Mexico, and I've tried sending stuff to other recipeints in Mexico, albeit using Yahoo mail and Gmail, both of which are based in the States... and we all know how packets use the TCP part of TCP/IP to go all over the world looking for the path of least resistance... but still, this is spooky stuff! I've run a number of tests. If I even dare encrypt anything, it never gets even back to my own CC or BCC! I'm curious to see if this comment makes it on to Wiki... and how long it lasts.
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:49, 18 August 2008 (UTC)
Well, the preview shows my IP instead of my handle. If anyone wants to respond, my username in Wiki is manuelcuribe... That IP is meaningless. Like most amateur broadband subscribers, they keep us on a 24 hour revolving "floating" IP so we can't serve off our home machines without paying a small fortune... or setting up an IP pinger re-direct page, which I haven't. manuelcuribe <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:32, 18 August 2008 (UTC)
* I have a hard time believing this could be true. I'd believe the government copying/reading encrypted mail before I'd believe them blocking it... it seems more likely that something else happened. If this really is a problem, though, maybe just compress the message and send it as an attachment. Maybe they look for the PGP header. --Sydius (talk) 19:01, 18 August 2008 (UTC)
* Great suggestion, I'm going to try that... — Manuel <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:01, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
* This is not a solution to your problem, just an observation. Carnivore was an FBI program devoted to vacuuming Internet traffic from an individual or organization, supposedly only after acquiring a warrant from a judge. Poindester's project was at a higher level -- national security -- and involved vacuuming just about anything they could suck up from the 'Net, without a warrant of any kind. Supposedly, the Poindexter project was cancelled, but the FBI has renamed (and presumably reimplemented) Carnivore. They're still in the interception business, still supposedly only with a warrant. ww (talk) 20:33, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
* maybe it's not even the government. Two years ago, for some time I had problems with GPG signed mails not reaching some recipients. It turned out that it was a spam filter at the web mail provider of these recipients, which somehow learned to classify GPG signed mails as spam. I wrote a mail to that provider, and shortly thereafter the problem disappeared <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:52, 12 March 2011 (UTC)
Security, Clear Statement on
It would be nice if the article stated in clear language the following:
1. Is the security of messages encoded with GPG is good as the security of messages encoded with PGP?
2. Are messages encoded using GPG (or, for that matter, PGP) secure?
Allan Marain 20:27, 11 September 2011 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Marainlaw (talk • contribs)
Weird things about the article
After a quick read: JöG (talk) 20:44, 16 October 2012 (UTC)
* 1) The "Usage" section starts with "Although the basic GnuPG program has a command line interface ..." and then goes on at length about other software which can invoke gpg. (Interesting high-level applications in wide use, like signing Git tags or signing software for distribution (Debian etc) seems not to be mentioned.)
* 2) The article goes on and on about the first "Problem", trying to prove it's not a problem after all. Which of course it isn't, since it was solved a decade ago!
* 3) The second "Problem" is "GnuPG is [...] not written as an API which can be incorporated into other software." Which is funny given (1) above. Then it becomes obvious that IPC doesn't count as an API in the eyes of the author. Then you ask yourself "well, how is it a problem that the API is IPC-based?" Then the author turns around and explains that this is really a good thing!
Update text relating to patented algorithms and IDEA
> GnuPG does not use patented or otherwise restricted software or algorithms, like the IDEA encryption algorithm used in PGP. (It is in fact possible to use IDEA in GnuPG by downloading a plugin for it, however this may require getting a license for some uses in some countries in which IDEA is patented.)
According to International Data Encryption Algorithm - "The last patents expired in 2012 and IDEA is now patent-free and thus free to use".
Does this need updating? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Liamzebedee (talk • contribs) 11:39, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* Thankfully nobody cares about IDEA anymore, they patented themselves into irrelevance. I vote to just delete it. -- intgr [talk] 19:26, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
Error in "In Popular Culture"
I just read this section and the corresponding article at the washington post. Said article has now features this paragraph: "Correction: This post previously contained an update that erroneously stated that Greenwald confirmed Snowden had authored the video. Greenwald said he could not confirm the authorship of the video." I therefore suggest to remove this paragraph, or to reformulate it to reflect this correction. Sorry if this appears lazy—but I'm simply no native english speaker and I don't want to interfere with the authors. --Hobbyhobbit (talk) 19:38, 1 July 2014 (UTC)
External links modified
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Limitations section almost entirely inaccurate
The major points in this section regarding GPGME and how it works are factually incorrect and based on some misunderstandings or false assumptions. Though described as "high level" that's by comparison to assembly language and truly low level operations. GPGME isn't a wrapper in the sense most developers think of, it's a C API intended for C developers to compile into their software and include via header files.
The subsequent statement regarding out-of-band calls to the GPG executable is also entirely wrong. GPGME directly accesses the libraries utilised by GPG and is developed alongside the engines' code. So it is able to access libgcrypt, libgpg-error, libassuan and so on directly; as well as the built-in components of the gpg and gpgsm programs without simply running the binaries directly. Some of those components (e.g. gpg-agent) run as system daemons and are accessible via UNIX sockets.
One of the reasons for GPGME is because command line invocation is not guaranteed to remain unchanged. That being the case, it's illogical to provide an API which merely calls the exact thing being discouraged for programmatic purposes.
Now ... I'd change this myself, but it's disclaimer time: I'm a member of the GnuPG Project and specifically on GPGME. So someone who is not me will need to independently verify this and then update it. --BenM (talk) 01:42, 2 April 2018 (UTC)
application support for GPG
The application support for GPG cannot be verified. The necessary Windows binaries pgpcore.dll pgpmime.dll are unavailable.
@ Big <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:21, 21 March 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Title:
Quantum control for time-dependent noise
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Authors
Kabytayev, Chingiz
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Abstract
The main obstacles to implementing ideal quantum operations are unwanted interactions of quantum systems with the environment and noise in control fields. This problem can be tackled by methods of quantum control. Among these methods are composite pulse (CP) sequences which have long been employed in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to mitigate the effects of systematic errors in the control. CP sequences have been initially developed to correct for static but otherwise unknown errors in the amplitude or frequency of the driving field. One of the challenges to the systematic incorporation of these control protocols into practical quantum information systems remains the limited understanding of CP performance in the presence of time-dependent noise. Treating the influence of time-dependent noise processes on quantum control operations has been facilitated by recent advances in dynamical error suppression based on open-loop Hamiltonian engineering. These approaches provide a general framework for understanding and mitigating non-Markovian time- dependent noise in a finite-dimensional open quantum system. Particularly, arbitrary single-qubit control characteristics may be captured quantitatively in filter-transfer functions (FF) using methods of spectral overlap in the frequency domain. In this thesis work, we present a systematic study of control pulse sequences in the presence of time-dependent noise. We use a combination of analytic formulations based on FFs and numerical simulations to demonstrate that CPs are able to effectively suppress control errors caused by time-dependent processes possessing realistic noise power spectra. We provide a geometric interpretation of CP performance under time-dependent amplitude noise, further linking the FF formalism with known techniques in CP construction. We also develop new optimized pulse sequences that act as notch filters for time-dependent noise. These high-fidelity control protocols effectively sup- press errors from the noise sources with sharp features in spectral densities and can be used practically on various quantum architectures. We also present our work on simulation of randomized benchmarking protocols and CPs that have been used experimentally by our collaborators to measure gate errors.
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Date Issued
2015-05-15
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Dissertation
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Rights URI | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
0
I have two tables:
area (
id int PK autoincrement
code varchar
)
products (
id int PK autoincrement
name varchar
area_id int PK to AREA
...
)
The classes are persisted using eclipselink like this:
@Entity
class Product {
...
private Long id;
...
private String name;
...
@JoinColumn(name = "area_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
@ManyToOne
@Expose
private Area area;
...
}
This works just fine. But I'm making a rest service for an API, a simple PUT in http://x.x.x.x/product where the JSON data should be like this:
{
id: xxx
name: xxxx
area: xxxx
}
As you can see, I want that the area field to be sent differently. id and name are the same, but in this case the field area is the String that is in stored in the table.row area.code.
Aparently this cannot be made with JPA ( I asked this here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45086458/linking-two-object-by-code-not-id-using-eclipselink-jpa ) but there, someone said the following:
Don't mix your entity and webservices classes and you wont have problem like this.
So, I was thinking if I should have two Product classes. One for the service layer, the one that the customer will use when they call the API, like this:
public class Product implements Serializable {
private Long id;
private String name;
private String area;
}
And then when I'm handling the PUT/GET method just convert this class to the JPA one. something like this:
x.jpa.Product jpaProduct = new x.jpa.Product();
jpaProduct.setId(product.getId());
jpaProduct.setName(product.getName());
jpaProduct.getArea().setId( getAreaIdByCode(product.getArea()));
...
m.persist(jpaProduct);
2
• 1
What are you asking?
– Samuel
Jul 21, 2017 at 11:30
• Should I have two Product classes?
– Laiv
Jul 22, 2017 at 21:22
2 Answers 2
1
I did solve this issue so this approach is not neccesary.
Here is how I did it:
Using transformers. So the field area is defined like this:
@Transformation(fetch = FetchType.EAGER, optional = false)
@ReadTransformer(transformerClass = AreaAttributeTransformer.class)
@WriteTransformers({
@WriteTransformer(
transformerClass = AreaFieldTransformer.class,
column = @Column(name = "area_id", nullable = false))
})
@Expose
private String area;
Then those clases work like this:
AreaAttributeTransformer
public class AreaAttributeTransformer implements AttributeTransformer {
private AbstractTransformationMapping mapping;
@Override
public void initialize(AbstractTransformationMapping abstractTransformationMapping) {
this.mapping = abstractTransformationMapping;
}
@Override
public Object buildAttributeValue(Record record, Object o, Session session) {
for (DatabaseField field : mapping.getFields()) {
if (field.getName().contains("area_id")) {
EntityManager em = MyEntityManagerFactory.getENTITY_MANAGER_FACTORY().createEntityManager();
List results = em.createNamedQuery("Areas.findById")
.setParameter("id", record.get(field))
.getResultList();
if (results.size() > 0)
return ((Area) results.get(0)).getCode();
}
}
return null;
}
}
AreaFieldTransformer
public class AreaFieldTransformer implements FieldTransformer {
private AbstractTransformationMapping mapping;
@Override
public void initialize(AbstractTransformationMapping abstractTransformationMapping) {
this.mapping = abstractTransformationMapping;
}
@Override
public Object buildFieldValue(Object o, String s, Session session) {
if (o instanceof RouSub) {
EntityManager em = MyEntityManagerFactory.getENTITY_MANAGER_FACTORY().createEntityManager();
List results = em.createNamedQuery("Area.findByCode")
.setParameter("area", ((Area) o).getCode())
.getResultList();
if (results.size() > 0)
return ((Area)results.get(0)).getId();
}
return null;
}
}
1
• 1
However, you still expose the persistence model to the APi. Your data model might change any time and you will have no chances to make changes backward compatibles. Once an API is published, to change its Interface and model is just the hell on Earth. Unless, backward compatibility is not a problem at all. Just curious, what kind of clients do consume the API?
– Laiv
Jul 22, 2017 at 21:29
0
So, I was thinking if I should have two Product classes. One for the service layer, the one that the customer will use when they call the API.
Well, I think nobody is in a position to say what should you do. It depends pretty much on your requirements but having different representations is usually a good idea.
For example, the physical representation 1 and the logic 2 are not necessarily the same. And the public representantation 3 could be a total different one too.
The reason is simple. Decoupling. Having different representations allow us to model every layer with a certain degree of independency with regarding to others, in such a way that, if we change the physical representantation, the change won't necessarily affect the public one.
This is specially important for public Interfaces (API) because once in production, changing interfaces and models lead us to challenging situations. APIs design is specially hard for this reason. We will have to bear the burden of such decisions for good or for bad.
Right now, you are tightly coupling your physical representantation with everything else. Note that if you ever change Product the API consumers will suffer the consequences too. At the moment, there's no way for you to guarantee backward compatibility if Product changes. Not even versioning, unless you map twice the tables.
If all these stuffs matter or not depends on your specific situation, but at least they worth a mention.
1: The one we store
2: The domain data model
3: The public
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Does THC-O Get Me High?
Medically reviewed by Alexander Tabibi, MD
March 9, 2023
THC-O get high, cannabis high mood
THC-O get high, cannabis high mood
Did you know there is a new cannabinoid that is causing quite a buzz within the hemp community? If your guess was THC-O-acetate (THC-O), you are absolutely correct. Any compound with “THC” in the name is going to come with the assumption that it is psychoactive, but it is important that first-timers have a more solid idea to know exactly “ Does THC-O get you high ?” since it is unlike any other cannabinoid that exists on the market.
THC-O-acetate gets you high as it has prominent psychoactive properties. This means that if you consume THC-O in any form, you will get intoxicated. It is molecularly synthesized to be particularly psychoactive as a derivative of THCA, the precursor cannabinoid to THC, which is processed to yield an entirely new molecular structure. However, it is not all that sunshiny. Let’s dig into this!
This post is intended as information and for general knowledge only. It is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It is recommended that you talk to a healthcare professional about this before introducing cannabinoids into your daily routine (especially if you have been diagnosed with any medical conditions or are under any medication). It is not recommended to drive or operate any machinery when using cannabis- or hemp-derived products. Use responsibly!
The High of THC-O Compared to Other Cannabinoids
THC-O-acetate is psychoactive, but as we know, the specific effects of a psychoactive substance can vary. What is important to know about THC O is that it was developed to be 3x as psychoactive as delta 9 THC – this means that unlike delta 8 THC and delta 10 THC, THC O is not associated with a mild high by comparison. It was developed in the 1950s at a military base in the United States in an effort to develop a form of THC so strong that it could incapacitate opponents, and what was quickly determined is that it produces a strong psychedelic experience in concentrated amounts, which is something that other forms of traditional THC are not capable of.
People call THC-O the “spiritual cannabinoid,” and from what we have heard, this description is completely warranted. It can act like a hallucinogen, and many people say that its effects are more similar to those of psilocybin than marijuana. Now, like all cannabinoids, THC O acetate ultimately affects us all differently, but what we can say is that it offers a high that’s one-of-a-kind, and this is the primary reason why so many people wish to try it. No real studies have yet been done on its specific effects, but that could very well change as this hemp derived cannabinoid begins to become more mainstream.
The Delivery Method and Strength Matter
Does Thc-O Get You High
If you are interested in trying out THC-O-acetate, remember those effects that you feel are dependent on the same factors that pertain to other cannabinoids. In other words, like CBD, delta 8, and other popular hemp derivatives, THC-O will affect you in a way that depends on the delivery method and milligram strength, primarily.
The milligram strength tells you how many milligrams of pure THC-O are in the hemp product, thus impacting its potency. And as for the delivery method, although inhalable THC products like vape cartridges will produce the fastest, strongest, and most short-lived psychoactive effect, when it comes to THC-O, this is better not be an option at all.
THC O is produced by chemically turning either delta 9 THC or delta 8 THC into CBD, which is subsequently converted into the cannabinoids’ acetate ester form, also known as THC-O. According to the studies1, 2, the thermal breakdown of THC-O can result in the creation of ketene, a harmful lung toxin, when sufficient heat is applied.
The combination of heat with the acetate form of numerous compounds, including THC, is what poses a threat rather than the cannabis plant or vaping itself. In fact, ketene might be created by heating any acetate ester. It is not known for sure, but it is possible that the ketene created by a vape cart will be enough to put the user in urgent danger. Moreover, repeated minor exposures may result in lung damage.
This does not apply to THC O gummies and other edibles or topicals, as these delivery methods are not exposed to heat. Because of the highly psychoactive nature of THC acetate as it is, we strongly suggest that only experienced THC users explore THC-O dabs, as the high may be somewhat overwhelming to casual or moderate users.
Tolerance Dependency
All THC-based cannabinoids have tolerant-dependent effects. This is because of the nature of the endocannabinoid system, which utilizes cannabinoids in the hemp plant. The more we expose this system to specific cannabinoids, the more it develops a tolerance which means that eventually, you won’t get as high off of a small amount of THC.
THC-O is no different. One thing that users have told us is that an overall tolerance to THC can result in a higher tolerance to the THC O effects. In other words, if you are already a regular THC user, it is likely that your first experience with THC-O won’t be as powerful. This tells us that THC-O and delta 9, as well as delta 8 THC, may be structurally similar enough that they work on the same receptors in the body.
It also means that if you have never used any form of THC before and wondering, “Does THC-O get u high?” – you should definitely start slow. In fact, we recommend that you do nottake THC-O-acetate unless you have used delta-8 or delta-10 before and have, therefore, already built up something of tolerance so that the particularly powerful effects of THC-O are more manageable once they are active in your system.
And, as you use THC-O more frequently, there is a good chance that you won’t get so high off of a tiny amount of the product. Ultimately, this is seen as a positive because it gives you more control over how high you get and can help you avoid getting “too high” simply because your body is not used to these effects.
So, if you want to take THC-O-acetate initially, we suggest going with a low-strength product and consuming only the smallest dosage amount possible. For instance, if you’re buying a THC-O vape cartridge, start out with just one puff. Overall, the effects of THC-O can be felt quickly, but the peak is a bit more gradual, so definitely wait a while before deciding whether or not you wish to take more.
Is THC O Safe?
THC-O is a powerfully psychoactive compound compared to all of the other forms of THC which had been widely available on the market. Unfortunately, when heated, it becomes not that safe, thus as with any other cannabinoid, be sure to consult your healthcare provider before using any hemp-derived natural or emerging synthetic cannabinoids. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ablation of liver Fxr results in an increased colonic mucus barrier in mice
Noortje Ijssennagger, Kristel S van Rooijen, Stefanía Magnúsdóttir, José M Ramos Pittol, Ellen C L Willemsen, Marcel R de Zoete, Matthijs J D Baars, Paul B Stege, Carolina Colliva, Roberto Pellicciari, Sameh A Youssef, Alain de Bruin, Yvonne Vercoulen, Folkert Kuipers, Saskia W C van Mil*
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review
3 Downloads (Pure)
Abstract
Background & Aims: The interorgan crosstalk between the liver and the intestine has been the focus of intense research. Key in this crosstalk are bile acids, which are secreted from the liver into the intestine, interact with the microbiome, and upon absorption reach back to the liver. The bile acid-activated farnesoid X receptor (Fxr) is involved in the gut-to-liver axis. However, liver-to-gut communication and the roles of bile acids and Fxr remain elusive. Herein, we aim to get a better understanding of Fxr-mediated liver-to-gut communication, particularly in colon functioning.
Methods: Fxr floxed/floxed mice were crossed with cre-expressing mice to yield Fxr ablation in the intestine (Fxr-intKO), liver (Fxr-livKO), or total body (Fxr-totKO). The effects on colonic gene expression (RNA sequencing), the microbiome (16S sequencing), and mucus barrier function by ex vivo imaging were analysed.
Results: Despite relatively small changes in biliary bile acid concentration and composition, more genes were differentially expressed in the colons of Fxr-livKO mice than in those of Fxr-intKO and Fxr-totKO mice (3272, 731, and 1824, respectively). The colons of Fxr-livKO showed increased expression of antimicrobial genes, Toll-like receptors, inflammasome-related genes and genes belonging to the 'Mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis' pathway. Fxr-livKO mice have a microbiome profile favourable for the protective capacity of the mucus barrier. The thickness of the inner sterile mucus layer was increased and colitis symptoms reduced in Fxr-livKO mice.
Conclusions: Targeting of FXR is at the forefront in the battle against metabolic diseases. We show that ablation of Fxr in the liver greatly impacts colonic gene expression and increased the colonic mucus barrier. Increasing the mucus barrier is of utmost importance to battle intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, and we show that this might be done by antagonising FXR in the liver.
Lay summary: This study shows that the communication of the liver to the intestine is crucial for intestinal health. Bile acids are key players in this liver-to-gut communication, and when Fxr, the master regulator of bile acid homoeostasis, is ablated in the liver, colonic gene expression is largely affected, and the protective capacity of the mucus barrier is increased.
Original languageEnglish
Article number100344
Pages (from-to)100344
Number of pages10
JournalJHEP reports : innovation in hepatology
Volume3
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct-2021
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Big data storage: Hadoop storage basics
Hadoop changes the game for enterprise storage. We look at how Hadoop crunches big data, its key storage requirements and survey the vendors
As a poster child for big data, Hadoop is continually brought out as the reference architecture for big data analytics.
But what exactly is Hadoop and what are the key points of Hadoop storage strategy?
Hadoop is a highly scalable analytics platform for processing large volumes of structured and unstructured data. By large scale, we mean multiple petabytes of data spread across hundreds or thousands of physical storage servers or nodes.
Hadoop, developed in 2005 and now an open source platform managed under the Apache Software Foundation, uses a concept known as MapReduce that is composed of two separate functions.
The Map step inputs data and breaks it down for processing across nodes within a Hadoop instance. These "worker" nodes may in turn break the data down further for processing. In the Reduce step, the processed data is then collected back together and assembled into a format based on the original query being performed.
To cope with truly massive-scale data analysis, Hadoop's developers implemented a scale-out architecture, based on many low-cost physical servers with distributed processing of data queries during the Map operation. Their logic was to enable a Hadoop system capable of processing many parts of a query in parallel to reduce execution times as much as possible. This can be contrasted with legacy-structured database design that looks to scale up within a single server by using faster processors, more memory and fast shared storage.
More on Hadoop
Looking at the storage layer, the design aim for Hadoop is to execute the distributed processing with the minimum latency possible. This is achieved by executing Map processing on the node that stores the data, a concept known as data locality. As a result, Hadoop implementations can use SATA drives directly connected to the server, thereby keeping the overall cost of the system as low as possible.
To implement the data storage layer, Hadoop uses a feature known as HDFS or the Hadoop Distributed File System. HDFS is not a file system in the traditional sense and isn't usually directly mounted for a user to view (although there are some tools available to achieve this), which can sometimes make the concept difficult to understand; it's perhaps better to think of it simply as a Hadoop data store.
HDFS instances are divided into two components: the namenode, which maintains metadata to track the placement of physical data across the Hadoop instance and datanodes, which actually store the data.
You can run multiple logical datanodes on a single server, but a typical implementation will run only one per server across an instance. HDFS supports a single file system name space, which stores data in a traditional hierarchical format of directories and files. Across an instance, data is divided into 64MB chunks that are triple-mirrored across the cluster to provide resiliency. Obviously in very large Hadoop clusters, component or even entire server failure will occur so the duplication of data across many servers is a key design requirement of HDFS.
Looking at the core features of Hadoop, how do they translate to storage?
Supporting Hadoop on shared storage doesn't work in the traditional sense, as workload and storage distribution are inherent to Hadoop. However, we are seeing storage supplier products that support Hadoop natively and they point the way to a likely future direction in storage of large-scale distributed architectures.
As already discussed, Hadoop was designed to move compute closer to data and to make use of massive scale-out capabilities. This doesn't fit well with traditional SAN implementations, which have a much higher cost per GB to deploy than can be achieved using local direct-attached storage (DAS).
It certainly isn't practical to consider using Fibre Channel in HDFS deployments due to the sheer cost of implementation in terms of host bus adaptors (HBA) and SAN ports. In addition, HDFS is designed to cater for streaming data, as Hadoop transactions typically write data once across the cluster then read it many times. This works well with directly-attached SATA drives but not so well with shared storage environments where the same underlying physical disk is used to support the Hadoop cluster.
Using a HDFS-ready storage solution can provide a number of benefits.
However, there are scenarios where existing storage solutions could be used. For example, Hadoop nodes could be deployed with tiered storage to gain additional performance from flash SSD, PCIe flash and enterprise-class 15,000rpm hard disks.
Tiering can be achieved using open source software such as Flashcache, developed by Facebook, which keeps actively used blocks of data in high performance storage. There would be an associated cost to deploying flash into servers and this would need to be considered against the efficiency of each node but adding flash may make nodes capable of processing more queries.
The other main option is to look at storage suppliers that provide native HDFS support in their existing products, particularly those that are scale-out solutions and so have the same distributed nature in their own design.
Using a HDFS-ready storage solution can provide a number of benefits. Firstly, compute and storage can be scaled independently rather than within the fixed capacity of a node. There is also the option to provide faster data ingest and to view file contents directly in the cluster. Both data and capacity can be shared between multiple Hadoop instances and an increased level of protection around the HDFS metadata can be provided. In a standard Hadoop deployment, the namenode is a single point of failure, but can be manually replicated.
While HDFS provides features for automated data recovery and integrity checking, an HDFS-ready storage solution can offload this work (leaving the Hadoop instance able to process more) and reduce the need to maintain three copies of data across an instance.
Hadoop storage supplier roundup
More on big data analytics
EMC's Isilon scale-out NAS platform provides native support for Hadoop and adds extra features including a distributed namenode, data protection through snapshots and NDMP backups and multi-protocol support. An Isilon cluster can be used for multiple workloads, making it a good way to evaluate Hadoop solutions without large-scale expensive deployments.
Cleversafe supports Hadoop as a replacement for the HDFS storage layer. Its technology disperses data across multiple storage appliances, providing additional resilience and performance even across geographic boundaries. As the number of storage nodes in a Cleversafe solution increases, resiliency also increases without requiring additional capacity, making it an efficient storage solution.
NetApp's Open Solution for Hadoop is based on the E2660 direct-attached storage appliance and an FAS2040 controller that manages the namenode. The E2660 provides RAID protection to the data, reducing the need to retain multiple copies across a Hadoop instance and connects via 6Gbps SAS to up to four physical servers acting as datanodes.
Hitachi Data Systems (HDS) has a reference architecture for Hadoop based on the Cloudera Hadoop distribution. This uses HDS CR220S server product with integrated 3TB SATA drives, but doesn't use any of HDS's core storage products. This is also the approach taken by HP with their AppSystem for Apache Hadoop solution, which also uses direct-attached storage within the implementation.
There are other solutions in development that look to replace HDFS, including Lustre support from Intel, GPFS from IBM and open source solutions including Ceph and Cassandra. Other than the Intel distribution, these aren't directly supported vendor solutions as yet.
Next Steps
MapReduce being replaced in the eyes of Hadoop systems users
This was last published in October 2013
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Where is the OBD port on a 1997 Honda Prelude?
Where is the OBD port on a 1997 Honda Prelude?
It is on the passenger side right under the side of the cd player.
Is a 1995 Honda Prelude obd1 or OBD2?
92-95 is obd1 and 96 and up is obd2.
Where is the ECU on a 2001 Honda Prelude?
Right below the glove box under the carpet on the passenger side.
What is OBD1?
OBD1 is a diagnostic system that only supports cars made before 1996. Introduced in 1991, it does not support all older models. The downside of these scanners is that they are manufacturer specific. One scanner won’t work on two different brands even if they have the same issues.
How can you tell the difference between OBD1 and OBD2?
1. OBD1 is connected to the console of a car, while OBD2 is remotely connected to the vehicle. 2. OBD1 was used during the earlier years of the car manufacturing industry, while OBD2 was only introduced in car models produced in the early 1990’s.
What’s a P28 ECU?
A P28 equivalent is an ECU that is electronically identical to a P28 ECU. Most P28 ECU’s use the common honda ’11F0′ ECU circuit board with the correct components soldered onto the board. Our ‘p28 equivalent’ adds the necessary components to another 11F0 ecu board to make it identical to a p28.
Where is the diagnostic plug on a Honda Accord?
OBD connector location for Honda Accord 8 (2007 – 2015)
1. The OBD2 socket is located under the steering wheel in the fuses box.
2. OBD socket is near the hood lever.
3. You can see the diagnostics port near the fuses.
How do I check my OBD1 code without a scanner?
How to Read OBD1 Codes at Home. Our reading method without a diagnostic tool is to make short the circuit of pin A and pin B. The car will then enter the diagnostic mode and flash the “check engine Light” several times, and we should count the flashes to figure out the diagnostic codes.
Where do I plug in my OBD reader?
Plug the standard OBD2 connector into the vehicle’s port located under the driver’s side of the dashboard. Turn on the car to power the scan tool or code reader.
What is the part number for the ECU on a Honda?
ECU Part Numbers. All Honda ECUs have a part number which is located on the side of the ECU and inside the ECU on the connector. e.g. 37820-P72-A01. The part number consists of three components: Honda’s part number for ECU, which is always 37820. Three characters (which are loosely related to the model of car/engine). e.g P72.
How do I identify my ECU?
Identifying your ECU. To identify your ECU you will need to know its generation, part number and possibly its ROM number. The ECU can be located in several places: under a metal plate in the passenger’s footwell (models up to 91), in the passenger’s footwell behind a plastic panel (models 92-99) or by the driver’s footwell under a plastic panel…
Where is the ECU located on a Toyota Corolla?
The ECU can be located in several places: under a metal plate in the passenger’s footwell (models up to 91), in the passenger’s footwell behind a plastic panel (models 92-99) or by the driver’s footwell under a plastic panel (some models 2000+) The computer is connected via three connectors that pull out when a plastic clip is pressed.
What do the characters on the ECU mean?
Three characters (which are the revision of the ECU) e.g. A01 or G52 The middle three characters are the most useful to identify what the ECU is. Different generation ECUs may use the same characters. e.g. a P72 OBD I ECU is different from a P72 OBD II ECU. Here is a list of common ECUs: The last 3 characters are broken down into 3 parts. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
For our next topic we cross the Atlantic. There is a huge range of butterflies in the world. Every butterfly starts off as an egg, which hatches into a caterpillar. After a while this turns into a chrysalis, which in turn hatches out into a flying insect that feeds on the nectar of flowers, and eventually mates and lays eggs. Many are beautiful to look at, and some have amazing camouflage. But few are as impressive as the Monarch butterfly.
The Monarch is found across a wide band of the United States and over the border into Canada. It is about 10 cm (4 inches) across, and gold in colour with black markings. The caterpillar feeds exclusively on milkweed plants. The sap of this weed is poisonous to other creatures, and the toxins persist after the caterpillar has turned into a butterfly, so that the Monarch’s bright colours warn birds not to eat it. The most impressive feature of this butterfly is that it migrates. Every spring vast clouds of Monarchs spread northwards up the east side of the USA, drinking nectar from the flowers of milkweed and other plants. After one or two months they mate and lay eggs on milkweeds which hatch into stripy grubs. These feed and grow, and after a fortnight turn into a chrysalis which hangs from a leaf. After another fortnight this breaks open and a new butterfly emerges, which continues to fly north, seeking more milk‑weeds. This cycle is repeated several times through the summer, each new generation pressing on northwards until the last hatching may reach the Canadian border. But as the temperature begins to drop, this last generation turns south, and begins to fly unerringly back down the continent, not stopping to breed, but heading down and down, eventually crossing the border into Mexico. In the case of those Monarchs flying south from areas on the east side of the States, their flight path actually takes them across the Gulf of Mexico, and they fly across the ocean, out of sight of land.
The reason for this migration is that the Monarch cannot survive a frost. It has to find somewhere warm to spend the winter. So all the Monarch butterflies from the east side of America (millions of them) gather together into one small area of about 200 square miles (52,000 hectares) in Mexico. They do not breed there, but spend the winter months congregating on the leaves of oyamel fir trees, which grow as mountain forests in this area. But once the spring returns, the urge to migrate returns, and the winter population, now up to seven months old, begins the return flight north. The extraordinary feature of this migration is that it is not the same butterfly that travels north and then comes south again. It is the third or fourth generation from the original brood that decides it must hurry south for the winter. The distance flown by the butterflies from the far north is up to 2000 miles (3300 km).
The Great Migration
Once more, we must seek some answers. How could such an enormous migration begin in the first place? It is hard to imagine that it would start by butterflies exploring northwards from Mexico, because milkweed is not abundant in Mexico itself. The Monarchs do not feed while they are down there. On the other hand it is difficult to see butterflies from the USA seeking to escape the frost by flying to Mexico, a huge distance away, without knowing it was warmer down there. And why does this particular butterfly migrate, when others hibernate in the place where they grew up? And how does it navigate over such enormous distances? The answer to this last question seems to be – by the sun. In experiments, Monarchs in migration phase have been tricked by mirrors to see the sun from an unnatural direction, in which case they adjust their angle of flight to suit the new ‘position’ of the sun. They even take into account the apparent daily movement of the sun across the sky, and if the wind blows from one side, they adjust their track to compensate, just like the pilot of an airliner. But how does the butterfly in the north know which direction to take? And why do the first and second generations to hatch fly north, and only the third or fourth generation turns south? The answer must be that the DNA code in their chromosomes commands the generation experiencing shorter or cooler days to set off south, and that the ‘map’ for the long journey to Mexico is already imprinted into their brains. The brain of a Monarch is smaller than a pin head. They are like robots, following a computer programme. But this analogy cannot hold, if evolution is true, because there was no one to write the programme. Here is the real dilemma. It is an accepted principle of biology that acquired characteristics cannot be inherited. If one more adventurous Monarch began to explore outside its normal territory, found better supplies of milkweed, and then learned to fly back to where it started off, this new knowledge would not be inherited by the next generation. And in any case, there is a three generation gap between the start and the finish of the Monarch’s migration. It is easier to postulate a super-intelligent Designer who devised this beautifully coloured creature to keep milkweeds in check, and at the same time give pleasure to so many people each spring.
Footnote
Reproduced by kind permission of the Christadelphian Auxiliary Lecturing Society (CALS)
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hackers are already targeting the GOP convention
The Republican National Convention has had to fend off a wave of cyberattacks even before the opening gavel sounded, according to the official charged with securing the network. And many more attacks are expected this week, either from nation-states hunting for intelligence or protesters trying to disrupt the network at the convention, said Max Everett, the consulting chief information officer for the Republican National Committee. "There are a lot of folks who are going to try to poke around in any new network they find," said Everett. Republican presumptive presidential candidate Donald Trump's highly charged campaign, coupled with particularly well-funded and highly motivated groups of attackers only serves to intensify the threat, security experts said. The convention, which opens Monday afternoon, will attract some 50,000 people plus a global audience watching from afar, providing the perfect platform and smokescreen for hack attacks, said Orlando Scott-Cowley, a strategist with cybersecurity firm Mimecast. A successful attack could impact physical security on the ground, for example, by taking connected security scanners offline. It could also affect online activity, for example, by hijacking the livestream and derailing the GOP's message. The Secret Service has designated the conventions "national special security events" and has its work cut out, said Scott-Cowley. The professionalization of hacking has given rise to the most sophisticated and technologically well-armed adversaries authorities have ever faced. The convention staff will have 600 to 700 people on its network, and some of them will bring in their own personal devices, which will complicate the cybersecurity challenge, said Everett. He has spent the past year visiting Cleveland in preparation for the challenge — this is his fourth convention — and will have an onsite IT team of up to 70 people. They are using Microsoft and ForeScout software to monitor the network in real time, working with AT&T and Cisco on securing external access to the network and a firm called Dark Cubed to share real-time threat information among the firms trying to defend against cyberattacks. "The unique things we're seeing are the typical spearphishing attacks, with people sending links in phony emails telling users they need to reset their passwords." And they're seeing "malvertising," or malware that's designed to look like an ad for people to click on on their phones. "We have not seen any specific social engineering attacks yet, but we have seen that in the past," he said. "We have spear phishing attacks with links telling people 'you have a shipment,' and things like that." The vast majority of the attacks so far, he said, have been "opportunistic," or hackers just trying to see what they can find. But they have seen one more sophisticated attack already, in which the attacker knew that the convention is using Microsoft Office 365, a software group designed mostly for businesses. "Somebody took the time to see that we were using that, and sent a link saying 'click here to reset your password,'" Everett said. "The user wisely sent that one to us. That's the most sophisticated attack we've seen." These cyberdefenders face well-funded adversaries thanks to successful hacker business models leveraging tools like ransomware to make money, and tools like botnets for hire to launch large-scale distributed denial-of-service attacks. Bitcoin greases the wheels, allowing all this illicit activity and commerce to take place anonymously. Trump has already been widely hacked — anonymous forums purport to offer personal information about him, his contacts and properties, said Danny Rogers, CEO of cybersecurity firm Terbium Labs. Over the course of the conventions and leading up to the election, more information about the candidates, their parties and supporters will likely be leaked, particularly given how controversial both candidates are this year, he said. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Newcastle Street Circuit
The Newcastle Street Circuit was a temporary street circuit around the east end of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. The circuit hosted the Newcastle 500 round of the Supercars Championship in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2023 with the 2020, 2021 and 2022 events cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 14-turn, 2.641 km circuit takes in Newcastle Beach and the foreshore around Nobbys Beach Reserve. The Newcastle 500 was last held, with the council deciding not support the event and voting to remove the permanent sections of racetrack.
Layout
The circuit began on Wharf Road, heading southwest towards the city. It then turned left at Watt Street, crossing over the Newcastle Light Rail tracks before ascending a 1:22 hill up Watt Street, before again turning left onto Shortland Esplanade 500 m after turn one. Once on Shortland Esplanade, the circuit snaked down the beachside road before reaching a 90° left turn at Zaara Street. This was followed by a 90° right turn onto Scott Street and another 90° left turn onto Parnell Place to the fastest stretch of circuit, Nobbys Road down past Fort Scratchley followed by a left-handed hairpin bend in the Camp Shortland carpark. From there a right-hand turn onto Wharf Road completed the lap.
The originally proposed layout featured a section through Pacific Park and a differently-profiled permanent course in Camp Shortland. In 2019, the Camp Shortland hairpin bend was altered to improve overtaking. The corner apex moved to where the outside track limit point was initially situated and the corner radius was tightened, giving drivers a longer and deeper braking zone to complete passes.
Construction
Works to prepare the precinct for racing began in July 2017, four months before the first event was held. Significant civil works were undertaken in Foreshore Park to create a pit area, as well as in Camp Shortland and on Nobbys' Road to make the streets suitable for racing. Additional works were undertaken to replace local water and electrical infrastructure, with some services close to a century old.
Two permanent roundabouts were removed to create the circuit, and were reinstalled when the track was decommissioned in 2024.
Criticism
The circuit attracted criticism from residents within the precinct, mainly citing concerns about noise and a lack of access. Some residents took an extremist view of the event, claiming it would encourage hoon behaviour and comparing themselves to victims of persecution. In March 2017, ahead of civil works to prepare the streets for racing, residents staged a protest resulting in clashes with motorsport fans.
Lap records
The fastest official race lap records at Newcastle Street Circuit are listed as: | WIKI |
User:Place holder/Talk message
This is a page that may be cited by others as a place holder user talk page.
Note to new users: This is not a testing space. Please experiment at Sandbox.
Another note: Want to test user warnings? Try User talk:Sandbox for user warnings. | WIKI |
U.S. stocks turn sharply lower on Greenspan comments
NEW YORK (CBS.MW) -- U.S. stocks extended losses in late Tuesday trade after Federal Chairman Alan Greenspan told the Senate Banking Committee that deflation was no longer a threat. Investors interpreted his comments as as laying the groundwork for a rise in U.S. interest rates sooner, rather than later. The Dow Jones Industrial Average was down 84 points at a session low of 10,353. The Nasdaq composite was down 34 points, or 1.7 percent, at 1,986. The S&P 500 lost 13 points, or 1.2 percent, to 1,122. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Not long ago I was teaching a Programming in C# exam prep course. One of the modules involved serialization and a student asked me a question that was quite intriguing:
Given the serialized form of an object, is it possible to deserialize it into an object if we only have a reference to an interface of the original type? Short answer: no. Deserialization involves creating an instance, and you can't create instances of interfaces. But there is a long answer — read on if you're interested.
Deserializing into interfaces
So let's say that you have a JSON like this:
{
"Age": 27,
"Name":"Akos",
"Cars":[{
"LicensePlate":"ABC-123"
},
{
"LicensePlate":"DEF-123"
}]
}
This can be the Json form an instance of this type:
public class Car
{
public string LicensePlate { get; set; }
}
public class Person
{
public int Age { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<Car> Cars { get; set; }
}
If you have these types, then you can use Newtonsoft.Json to simply deserialize the string into an instance of Person. But what if you only have something like this:
public interface IPerson
{
int Age { get; set; }
string Name { get; }
IEnumerable<ICar> Cars { get; }
}
public interface ICar
{
string LicensePlate { get; set; }
}
If you only have these interfaces (and in many cases, you only have interfaces, because you know, architecture), how do you deserialize the Json? Of course, the easy way would be to implement the interfaces into you own type and then do the deserialization. Now this might not be that hard, especially with the advanced editing features of Visual Studio, but still, if you only have the interfaces, there's probably a good reason for that.
Generating types at runtime
But then again, if you have the interfaces, you can generate the types yourself using the Reflection.Emit API. Here are some brief outtakes of the code; you can check out the Github page for the full code.
First, you need to define an assembly and a module:
assemblyName = new AssemblyName("<>_ImplementationAssembly");
assemblyBuilder = AssemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicAssembly(assemblyName, AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run);
moduleBuilder = assemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule("<>_Implementations");
Then we need to create a type and implement the interface in it. The interface implementation consists of two steps:
• Create a type and add all the properties of the interface to the type.
• Add a constructor to initialize the properties. This is an important step, because there are some properties which do not have setters.
var typeBuilder = moduleBuilder.DefineType(
$"{interfaceType.Name}Impl",
TypeAttributes.Class | TypeAttributes.NotPublic,
typeof(object),
new Type[] { interfaceType }
);
var properties = interfaceType.GetProperties();
var fields = new List<FieldBuilder>();
foreach (var property in properties)
{
GenerateProperty(typeBuilder, fields, property);
}
GenerateConstructor(typeBuilder, fields, properties);
var type = typeBuilder.CreateType();
TypeMap.Add(interfaceType, type);
return type;
This code defines a not public class and adds the interface type to the implementation. Then, for each interface-property a backing field and a property is created. And finally, the constructor is generated (TypeMap is just a dictionary to serve as a cache not to generate implementations for the same type twice).
Generating properties
When generating a property, first a backing field must be defined, then a property, then a getter and a setter method. It's quite simple, actually:
var propertyBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineProperty(
property.Name,
PropertyAttributes.None,
property.PropertyType,
null);
var fieldBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineField(
$"_{property.Name.ToLower()}",
GetFieldTypeForProperty(property),
FieldAttributes.Private);
fields.Add(fieldBuilder);
if (property.GetMethod != null)
{
GenerateGetter(typeBuilder, property, fieldBuilder, propertyBuilder);
}
if (property.SetMethod != null)
{
GenerateSetter(typeBuilder, property, fieldBuilder, propertyBuilder);
}
Generating a getter
Generating the getter of the property is a little more complicated. There is some actual IL code generation, and also the generated method must be marked as an interface-method-implementing-method.
private PropertyBuilder GenerateGetter(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, PropertyInfo property, FieldBuilder fieldBuilder, PropertyBuilder propertyBuilder)
{
MethodBuilder getterBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(
property.GetMethod.Name,
MethodAttributes.Public |
MethodAttributes.SpecialName |
MethodAttributes.HideBySig |
MethodAttributes.Virtual,
property.PropertyType,
Type.EmptyTypes);
ILGenerator getterIL = getterBuilder.GetILGenerator();
getterIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
getterIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldBuilder);
getterIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
typeBuilder.DefineMethodOverride(getterBuilder, property.GetMethod);
propertyBuilder.SetGetMethod(getterBuilder);
return propertyBuilder;
}
Generating a setter involves the same steps, just with different code. You can check out the code in the Github repo.
Generating the constructor
The constuctor that is to be generated must have a parameter to initialize every backing field (again, for properties that only have getters). The rest is just the initialization:
private void GenerateConstructor(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, List<FieldBuilder> fields, PropertyInfo[] properties)
{
var ctor = typeBuilder.DefineConstructor(
MethodAttributes.Public,
CallingConventions.Standard,
properties.Select(p => p.PropertyType).ToArray());
for (int i = 0; i < properties.Length; i++)
{
ctor.DefineParameter(i + 1, ParameterAttributes.None, properties[i].Name);
}
var ctorIL = ctor.GetILGenerator();
for (int i = 0; i < fields.Count; i++)
{
ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg, i + 1);
ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fields[i]);
}
ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
}
Adding a JsonConverter
Finally, when the type-building logic is done, all that's needed is a way to plug this in into your deserialization mechanism. For Newtonsoft.Json, this means implementing a JsonConverter:
internal class TypeBuildingJsonConverter : JsonConverter
{
private readonly ImplementationBuilder typeBuilder = new ImplementationBuilder();
public void AddKnownType(Type interfaceType, Type implementationType) =>
typeBuilder.TypeMap.Add(interfaceType, implementationType);
public void AddKnownType<TInterface, TImplementation>() =>
AddKnownType(typeof(TInterface), typeof(TImplementation));
public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType) =>
typeBuilder.CanBuild(objectType);
public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer) =>
serializer.Deserialize(reader, typeBuilder.GenerateType(objectType));
public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
=> throw new NotSupportedException();
}
And if you're done, you can use this to "deserialize this into an interface" like this:
IPerson p = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<IPerson>(jsonString, new TypeBuildingJsonConverter());
I have added some caching, some error messages and some failsafes to the code and uploaded the whole thing to Github. Feel free to use it, comments are welcome.
Note that the whole thing would have a lot easier if I had used Castle.DynamicProxy, I know. But I was going for fun, not easy :)
Deserialize into interface
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. DONNA SUE WESTBROOKS
No. 428A94
(Filed 6 December 1996)
1. Criminal Law § 1131 (NCI4th Rev.)— Fair Sentencing Act — same evidence not used twice — second finding in explanation of first
The trial court did not use the same evidence to prove more than one aggravating factor when sentencing defendant for conspiracy to murder and solicitation to murder under the Fair Sentencing Act where the trial judge marked the box which provided that “defendant took advantage of a position of trust or confidence to commit the offense” and the box for additional factors, typing in that defendant took advantage of a position of trust in the husband-wife relationship with information about insurance coverage and where the victim would be when the attack occurred. The language inserted in the form in the second finding is explanatory of the first and was not treated as a separate factor in aggravation. This case is distinguishable from State v. Morston, 336 N.C. 381, in that there is no discrepancy between the sentencing form and the transcript.
Am Jur 2d, Criminal Law §§ 525 et seq.
Validity of statutes prohibiting or restricting parole, probation, or suspension of sentence in cases of violent crimes. 100 ALR3d 431.
2. Although there is a possibility under particular facts that a defendant may have solicited someone to commit a crime without being an accessory before the fact to that crime or that a defendant was an accessory before the fact to the crime but did not solicit the crime, North Carolina case law is clear that the determination of whether one offense is a lesser included offense of another is made on a definitional basis as opposed to a factual basis. Applying the definitional approach to these two crimes leads to the result that solicitation to commit murder merges into the offense of being an accessory before the fact to the same murder.
Am Jur 2d, Homicide § 564.
Solicitation to commit crime against more than one person or property, made in single conversation as single or multiple crimes. 24 ALR4th 1324.
3. An indictment must allege all of the essential elements of the crime sought to be charged but allegations beyond the essential elements are irrelevant and may be treated as surplusage. Moreover, the purposes of an indictment include giving notice of the charge against defendants so that they may prepare their defense and be in a position to plead double jeopardy. Here, acting in concert was an allegation beyond the essential elements of the crime charged and defendant had notice of the first-degree murder charge against her and presented her defense accordingly, testifying that she did not hire anyone to murder her husband.
Am Jur 2d, Indictments and Informations §§ 103-106.
4. Evidence and Witnesses § 959 (NCI4tli)— murder — statements to witnesses by victim — state of mind
The trial court did not err in a prosecution for first-degree murder by admitting testimony repeating statements made to witnesses by the victim before his death about his feelings towards his marriage to the defendant and that he was depressed, lonely, and upset about finances. These statements reflect a man concerned about his marriage and his wife’s handling of their finances and expressed his state of mind. The statements were not merely a recitation of facts and the inconsistencies present in the hearsay evidence in State v. Hardy, 339 N.C. 207, are not present here. These statements also corroborate a motive for the murder — that defendant was in debt and could not repay her obligations. Moreover, there was no prejudice because other witnesses testified to the same affect. N.C.G.S. § 8C-1, Rule 803(3).
Am Jur 2d, Homicide §§ 536-540.
Exception to hearsay rule, under Rule 803(3) of Federal Rules of Evidence, with respect to statement of declarant’s mental, emotional, or physical condition. 75 ALR Fed. 170.
5. Evidence and Witnesses § 959 (NCI4th)— murder — statements by victim — state of mind
A first-degree murder victim’s statements to witnesses concerning telephone calls and bills from creditors he knew nothing about and concerning defendant’s role in his financial situation were admissible as statements of the declarant’s then existing state of mind. Although defendant argued that these statements were a recitation of facts rather than state of mind, these statements were made contemporaneously with and in explanation of the victim’s statements that he was concerned and upset about his finances, which were held admissible elsewhere in this opinion. Moreover, there was no prejudice because other witnesses testified to the same affect.
Am Jur 2d, Homicide §§ 536-540.
Exception to hearsay rule, under Rule 803(3) of Federal Rules of Evidence, with respect to statement of declarant’s mental, emotional, or physical condition. 75 ALR Fed. 170.
6. Evidence and Witnesses § 2750.1 (NCI4th)— murder— statement of victim about marriage — admissible to contradict defendant
A first-degree murder victim’s statements to witnesses concerning the status of the marriage between the victim and defendant were admissible to contradict defendant’s contention at trial that she and the victim had no marital problems. Moreover, there was no prejudice because other witnesses testified to the same affect.
Am Jur 2d, Witnesses §§ 717, 718.
7. Evidence and Witnesses § 761 (NCI4th)— murder — statements to victim about defendant — no prejudice
There was no prejudicial error in a first-degree murder prosecution in the admission of statements to the victim by witnesses about defendant. Given the overwhelming evidence against defendant, there is no reasonable possibility that a different result would have been reached had this evidence not been admitted.
Am Jur 2d, Appellate Review §§ 753, 759.
8. Constitutional Law § 356 (NCI4th)— first-degree murder— defendant’s prearrest silence — right to remain silent not invoked
There was no error in a first-degree murder prosecution in which defendant was charged with murdering her husband in the admission of statements made by defendant to a detective before her arrest, in the cross-examination of defendant about those statements, and in the argument of the prosecutor about the statements. The record reveals that defendant never invoked or relied upon her right to remain silent, frequently talked with investigators, and was not induced to remain silent before her arrest. Use of her prearrest silence does not violate her Fifth Amendment rights.
Am Jur 2d, Criminal Law §§ 791-797.
Admissibility of pretrial confession in criminal case— Supreme Court cases. 16 L. Ed. 2d 1294.
Admissibility of pretrial confession in criminal case— Supreme Court cases. 22 L. Ed. 2d 872.
9. Evidence and Witnesses § 1092 (NCI4th)— first-degree murder — defendant’s prearrest silence — impeachment
There was no error in a first-degree murder prosecution in which defendant was charged with murdering her husband in the admission of statements made by defendant to a detective before and after her arrest, in the cross-examination of defendant about those statements, and in the argument of the prosecutor about the statements. Under common law rules, it would have been natural for defendant to have told officers about a conversation in which she was told the identity of the person who killed her husband. Her silence about this conversation was evidence of an inconsistent statement and it was not error to allow the prosecutor’s cross-examination of defendant on this issue. Assuming that it would not have been natural for defendant to have told officers about the facts set out in the statement, any error was not prejudicial given the overwhelming evidence against defendant.
Am Jur 2d, Criminal Law §§ 791-797.
Impeachment of defendant in criminal case by showing defendant’s prearrest silence — state cases. 35 ALR4th 731.
10. Evidence and Witnesses § 1092 (NCI4th)— first-degree murder — defendant’s postarrest silence — used for impeachment purposes
The trial court did not err in a first-degree murder prosecution by using defendant’s post-arrest, post-Miranda silence for impeachment where the record discloses that defendant was not induced to remain silent, executed a waiver and voluntarily gave a statement to investigating officers. Any references to omissions or inconsistencies in statements defendant made after receiving her Miranda warnings were proper.
Am Jur 2d, Criminal Law §§ 791-797.
Impeachment of defendant in criminal case by showing defendant’s prearrest silence — state cases. 35 ALR4th 731.
11. Evidence and Witnesses § 1092 (NCI4th)— first-degree murder — defendant’s silence — no prejudice from use
The use of a first-degree murder defendant’s silence before and after arrest for substantive purposes was not prejudicial, assuming error, given the overwhelming evidence against defendant.
Am Jur 2d, Criminal Law §§ 791-797.
Impeachment of defendant in criminal case by showing defendant’s prearrest silence — state cases. 35 ALR4th 731.
12. Criminal Law § 432 (NCI4th Rev.)— murder — prosecutor’s closing argument — defendant’s pre- and post-arrest silence
There was no error in the trial court not intervening ex mero motu in the prosecutor’s closing argument in a first-degree murder prosecution where defendant contended that the argument plainly urged the jury to draw meaning from defendant’s pre- and post-arrest silence but defendant did not object to this portion of the closing argument and the argument was made to impeach defendant’s trial testimony. Based on defendant’s trial testimony, the natural tendency would be for defendant to have mentioned certain information prior to taking the stand and it was proper to raise this question.
Am Jur 2d, Trial § 648.
13. Evidence and Witnesses § 2865 (NCI4th)— murder — cross-examination of State’s witnesses — plea bargains — before jury — other testimony
The trial court did not abuse its discretion in a first-degree murder prosecution where defendant contends that the trial court erred by limiting her right to confront, cross-examine, and impeach State’s witnesses, thereby precluding inquiry about their parole eligibility under their guilty pleas. Both witnesses testified that they were motivated to testify for the State because of a plea arrangement and the fact that these witnesses had made arrangements for charge reductions in exchange for their testimony was clearly before the jury.
Am Jur 2d, Witnesses § 804.
14. Evidence and Witnesses § 2641 (NCI4th)— plea bargain— offer of proof — attorney’s testimony — privilege invoked
There was no prejudicial error in a first-degree murder prosecution where defendant contended that the trial court erroneously allowed the attorney for a State’s witness to invoke the attorney-client privilege during an offer of proof concerning parole eligibility information. Assuming that the client waived the privilege, defendant cannot show prejudice because the client had testified that the State permitted her to plead guilty to conspiracy to commit murder and second-degree murder in exchange for her testimony and read to the jury terms of her plea agreement. Any testimony by the attorney to the effect that the State’s witness and the attorney had discussed the possible advantages of a plea arrangement would have been cumulative.
Am Jur 2d, Witnesses §§ 350-353.
Party’s waiver of privilege as to communications with counsel by taking stand and testifying. 51 ALR2d 521.
15. Jury § 132 (NC14th)— first-degree murder — jury selection questions — disposition of codefendant’s cases — ability to ignore
The trial court did not err in a first-degree murder prosecution by overruling defendant’s objection to asking a prospective juror “Can you decide this case without comparing it with the disposition of the co-defendants’ cases, if you’re told about that?” The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the objection based on the grounds for defendant’s objection at trial because defendant was allowed to ask her own questions regarding the disposition of the codefendants’ cases. As to the grounds raised for the first time on appeal, the questions sought to identify those jurors who would be unable to decide defendant’s case based solely on the evidence produced at trial and did not have the effect of urging the jurors to ignore the State’s witnesses’ potential interest or bias; defendant raised the agreements of the witnesses with the State during jury selection, during trial, during closing argument, and during sentencing; the trial court instructed the jury with regard to the testimony of the witnesses as well as to the disposition of their cases; and, while the prosecutor did not misstate the law, any such misstatement would have been cured by the trial court’s proper instructions to the jury.
Am Jur 2d, Jury §§ 100-158.
Propriety and effect of asking prospective jurors hypothetical questions, on voir dire, as to how they would decide issues of case. 99 ALR2d 7.
16. Criminal Law § 475 (NCI4th)— first-degree murder — argument of counsel — defense contention regarding evidence— disallowed, then allowed — proper instruction
There was no prejudicial error in a first-degree murder prosecution where defendant contended that the trial court erroneously disallowed the defense argument that a State’s witness had talked in jail to a defense witness (who testified that the State’s witness had confessed to her) and that the trial court erroneously allowed the prosecutor’s argument that the defense witness was not in jail when the conversation allegedly occurred. Defense counsel made the same contention after the objection was sustained without objection and without intervention from the court, and the trial court correctly instructed the jurors to take their own recollection of the evidence.
Am Jur 2d, Trial §§ 1544 et seq.
17. Homicide § 552 (NCI4th)— first-degree murder — second-degree murder as accessory not submitted — no error
The trial court did not err in a first-degree murder prosecution by not submitting the possible verdict of second-degree murder as an accessory before the fact where there was substantial evidence to prove each element of first-degree murder and evidence of second-degree murder was totally lacking.
Am Jur 2d, Homicide §§ 223 et seq.
18. Homicide § 393 (NCI4th)— first-degree murder — alcohol consumption by accomplice — no evidence of effect of alcohol
There was no merit in a prosecution for first-degree murder and conspiracy to defendant’s argument that an accomplice’s alcohol consumption prior to the killing negated premeditation and deliberation. There was no evidence relating to the effect of alcohol on the accomplice at the time of the killing and the accomplice admitted on cross-examination that the murder was premeditated and deliberated.
Am Jur 2d, Homicide § 448.
Modern status of the rules requiring malice “aforethought,” “deliberation,” or “premeditation,” as elements of murder in the first degree. 18 ALR4th 961.
Appeal as of right pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 7A-27(a) from a judgment imposing a sentence of life imprisonment entered by Cornelius, J., at the 1 November 1993 Criminal Session of Superior Court, Guilford County, upon a jury verdict of guilty of first-degree murder. Defendant’s motion to bypass the Court of Appeals as to additional judgments for conspiracy to commit murder and solicitation to commit murder was allowed 27 January 1995. Heard in the Supreme Court 14 November 1995.
Michael F. Easley, Attorney General, by David F. Hoke, Assistant Attorney General, for the State.
Malcolm Ray Hunter, Jr., Appellate Defender, by Daniel R. Pollitt, Assistant Appellate Defender, for defendant-appellant.
PARKER, Justice.
During the trial the State dismissed the forgery and uttering charges. The jury found defendant guilty of first-degree murder, conspiracy to commit murder, and solicitation to commit murder. Defendant was sentenced to life imprisonment for the first-degree murder conviction, thirty years’ imprisonment for conspiracy to commit murder, and thirty years’ imprisonment for solicitation to commit murder, all sentences to be served consecutively.
At trial the State’s evidence tended to show that in June 1991 defendant bought a Greensboro bar named the Bench Tavern. Defendant was married to the victim, James Alvin Westbrooks. Defendant purchased the bar by obtaining a home equity loan on the victim’s home. At the time defendant purchased the bar, the victim was employed as a salesman for a Greensboro beer distributor. In November 1991 the victim injured his back in a work-related accident and was disabled. The victim remained at home and began receiving workers’ compensation benefits.
Zachary Neal Davis, Jr. was in the floor-covering business in Greensboro. Davis became acquainted with defendant and installed a vinyl floor in the Westbrookses’ home. When the Bench Tavern was doing poorly in July 1991, Davis loaned defendant $3,000. In September 1991 Davis loaned defendant an additional $3,500. In early 1992 Davis and Betty W. Cashwell purchased a bar in Greensboro named the Winner’s Circle.
Defendant approached Davis and told him that she wanted to have her husband killed. She asked if he thought it could be done for $10,000. According to Carita Jones, a bartender at the Bench Tavern, Davis told her that defendant had offered him $10,000 to kill her husband. Sometime after this initial conversation, defendant confronted Davis again and said that she “wanted to do away with Jimmy” because “he had just gotten out of the hospital and his health was bad, and she didn’t like seeing him suffer.” Davis agreed to arrange the killing for $15,000, which was to come out of the victim’s life insurance proceeds.
Davis asked his friend James Copeland if he knew anyone who could carry out the killing, but he did not. Davis then talked to his brother, Johnny Davis. Johnny testified that his brother approached him at the Winner’s Circle bar and asked if he “knew anybody that would get rid of another person.” Davis then told Johnny defendant was paying $15,000 to get rid of her husband because she wanted to collect his life insurance proceeds. Johnny would have nothing to do with his brother’s plan. Finally, Davis approached his business partner, Betty Cashwell, and elicited her help in the murder.
In January 1992 the victim had back surgery related to his work injury; he was still out of work with his injury in March 1992. Prior to the murder defendant told the victim that Davis was going to come to the house on 13 March 1992 to repair a portion of the flooring Davis had previously installed. Davis and Cashwell drove to the victim’s home at approximately 2:00 p.m. on the thirteenth; after the victim let them in, Davis began inspecting the flooring. Cashwell then went into the bedroom and got a knife from a location previously disclosed to her by defendant. Cashwell attacked the victim with a knife, and a struggle ensued. Davis and Cashwell testified that the victim put up a “hell of a fight.” Davis testified that Cashwell stabbed the victim repeatedly and that Davis then stabbed the victim “once or twice” more. Cashwell gave a similar account of the murder except that in her testimony Davis did the stabbing. By the end of the struggle, defendant was dead on his carport floor.
After determining that the victim was dead, Davis and Cashwell left the victim’s home, threw the knife out the window, changed clothes, washed blood off the front of Cashwell’s car, and hid the bloodied clothes. They then removed the license tags from Cashwell’s car, threw them in a pond, and went to a bar in the country to abandon the automobile. Davis flattened the right rear tire and then kicked dust on the car to make it look like it had been left for some time. The two then rode back to the Winner’s Circle bar in another car.
Dr. Deborah L. Radisch, associate chief medical examiner of the State of North Carolina, performed an autopsy on the victim. According to Dr. Radisch the victim had numerous abrasions and twenty-three stab wounds. The victim bled to death from these wounds.
Defendant testified on her own behalf and contended that she had no part in the murder of her husband. Defendant’s testimony tended to show that in December 1991 Davis said he needed money to purchase a bar and demanded several times that the loans be repaid. Davis asked whether defendant could borrow from either her or her husband’s insurance policies, and she told him she could not. In January 1992 defendant’s financial condition was poor. Defendant testified that she was losing money at the bar, but then “started making a little money,” and “it wasn’t so bad that [she] couldn’t take care of everything.” On 13 May 1992, Davis told defendant that Cashwell had killed the victim and that he had been present. According to defendant Davis indicated that Cashwell killed the victim because she needed money to pay off a debt and she believed there was money at the Westbrookses’ home.
Angle Maberson testified that she and Cashwell were in the Guilford County jail together in early September 1993, that Cashwell was upset, and that Cashwell said then that “she was looking at a lot of time” and was going to have to tell a story that was not true because she “had to tell what the DA wanted to hear.” Maberson testified that she saw Cashwell again after Cashwell testified in court. Cashwell was hysterical and said, “[I] did it, and [I] know that the lady didn’t do it, but [I] had to, because [I] was looking at a lot of time” and “the DA wasn’t going to give [me] the kind of plea bargain that [I] wanted.”
Defendant also introduced into evidence portions of the victim’s medical records from a July 1991 hospitalization for depression. The records disclosed that the victim reported his marriage as good, that he was very close with his wife, that he denied any marital problems, and that he felt his marriage was “very positive.”
On rebuttal Sheila Hanes, the records clerk supervisor at the Guilford County jail, testified that Betty Cashwell and Angle Maberson were never housed together or adjacent to one another in such a way that they could carry on a conversation while in the jail.
Zachary Davis and Betty Cashwell pled guilty to conspiracy to commit murder and second-degree murder pursuant to a plea arrangement. Johnny Davis and James Copeland testified under a grant of immunity.
In her first two assignments of error, defendant contends that the trial court used the same item of evidence to prove more than one aggravating factor in both the conspiracy and solicitation cases. In the conspiracy case the court marked box number 14 on the “Felony Judgment Findings of Factors in Aggravation and Mitigation of Punishment” form (herein sentencing form), which provides: “The defendant took advantage of a position of trust or confidence to commit the offense.” Box number 16 on the sentencing form represents “[additional written findings of factors in aggravation.” The trial court marked this box as well, and the following statement was typewritten:
The defendant took advantage of a position of trust in the husband/wife relationship with the information obtained about insurance coverage and where he would be on a certain date when the attack occurred and provided this to the victim’s assailant.
Defendant argues that two separate factors in aggravation were found based on the same evidence.
The Fair Sentencing Act prohibits the use of the same item of evidence to prove more than one factor in aggravation. N.C.G.S. § 15A-1340.4(a)(l) (1988). After a review of the record, we find that the trial court found only one aggravating factor and based its ruling on this single factor. The trial court made the following finding for the conspiracy conviction:
The Court would find as an aggravating factor that the defendant took advantage of a position of trust in the husband and wife relationship, and with information obtained about the insurance coverage and where he would be on a certain date that the attack occurred was provided to his assailants.
(Emphasis added.) The trial court then set out the mitigating factors and finally concluded that “the factor in aggravation outweighs the mitigating factors, the reason for the deviation from the presumptive.” (Emphasis added.) We conclude that the trial judge marked an additional box on the sentencing form in order to explain the single statutory finding. The language inserted on the form in finding number 16 is explanatory of finding number 14 and was not treated as a separate factor in aggravation. The court thus did not find two factors in aggravation based on the same evidence. See State v. Laney, 74 N.C. App. 571, 328 S.E.2d 586 (1985).
We are mindful of our recent decision in State v. Morston, 336 N.C. 381, 445 S.E.2d 1 (1994), in which we held that a discrepancy between the sentencing form and the transcript entitled defendant to a new sentencing hearing. In Morston the sentencing form indicated that the trial court found two aggravating factors: the offense was committed to disrupt the lawful exercise of a governmental function or the enforcement of laws, and the offense was committed to hinder the lawful exercise of a governmental function or the enforcement of laws. The State contended in Morston the sentencing form contained a clerical error and that the transcript revealed that the trial court actually found only one of the aggravating factors. We stated in Morston that “the better course is to err on the side of caution and resolve in the defendant’s favor the discrepancy between the trial court’s statement in open court, as revealed by the transcript, and the sentencing form.” Id. at 410, 445 S.E.2d at 17.
The instant case is distinguishable from Morston in that there is no discrepancy between the sentencing form and the transcript. Rather, the transcript is consistent with the sentencing form and supports the conclusion that the trial judge marked an additional box on the sentencing form in order to explain the single statutory finding. The record shows that defendant was properly sentenced to the maximum penalty on her conspiracy conviction. Thus, this assignment of error as to the conspiracy to commit murder count is overruled. For the reasons discussed hereinafter, we do not address the assignments of error related to application of the Fair Sentencing Act to the solicitation to commit murder count.
Defendant asserts that her double jeopardy rights were violated because she was punished for both a lesser included offense as well as the greater offense.
The issue of whether solicitation to commit murder is a lesser included offense of murder as an accessory before the fact is one of first impression in this state. The determination of whether one offense is a lesser included offense of another is made on a definitional as opposed to a factual basis. State v. Weaver, 306 N.C. 629, 635, 295 S.E.2d 375, 378 (1982), overruled on other grounds by State v. Collins, 334 N.C. 54, 431 S.E.2d 188 (1993). “[A] 11 of the essential elements of the lesser crime must also be essential elements included in the greater crime. If the lesser crime has an essential element which is not completely covered by the greater crime, it is not a lesser included offense.” Id. at 635, 295 S.E.2d at 379. We agree with defendant’s contention that solicitation to commit murder is a lesser included offense of murder as an accessory before the fact.
The essential elements of accessory before the fact to murder are (i) the defendant must have counseled, procured, commanded, encouraged, or aided the principal in the commission of the murder; (ii) the principal must have committed the murder; and (iii) the defendant must not have been present when the murder was committed. State v. Davis, 319 N.C. 620, 356 S.E.2d 340 (1987). The gravamen of the crime of solicitation is counseling, enticing, or inducing another to commit a crime. State v. Furr, 292 N.C. 711, 235 S.E.2d 193, cert. denied, 434 U.S. 924, 54 L. Ed. 2d 281 (1977). From these definitions it appears that the crime of solicitation to commit murder contains no element that is not also present in the offense of being an accessory before the fact to murder. Thus, evidence that defendant was an accessory before the fact to murder would support a conviction of solicitation to commit murder. Applying the “definitional” approach to these two crimes leads to the result that solicitation to commit murder merges into the offense of being an accessory before the fact to the same murder. This same result was reached by Maryland’s highest court in Lewis v. State, 285 Md. 705, 404 A.2d 1073 (1979); see also Rollin M. Perkins & Ronald N. Boyce, Criminal Law 649-50 (3d ed. 1982) (“If the [solicitee] commits the crime the [solicitor] is also guilty of that crime although at common law his guilt would be as an accessory before the fact if [the crime] was a felony and he was not present at the time. The solicitation is so far merged in the resulting offense that the solicitor cannot be punished for both.”) (footnotes omitted); 4 Charles E. Torcia, Wharton’s Criminal Law § 719, at 521 (14th ed. 1981) (“[A] person may not be convicted, ‘on the basis of the same course of conduct’, of both solicitation and the offense solicited.”) (footnote omitted).
Under the factual approach there is a possibility that under a particular set of facts, a defendant may have solicited someone to commit a crime without being an accessory before the fact to that crime or that a defendant was an accessory before the fact to the crime but did not solicit the crime. Our case law is clear, however, that we use a “definitional” approach when making such an inquiry. “We do not agree with the proposition that the facts of a particular case should determine whether one crime is a lesser included offense of another. Rather, the definitions accorded the crimes determine whether one offense is a lesser included offense of another crime.” Weaver, 306 N.C. at 635, 295 S.E.2d at 378. Defendant’s conviction for solicitation to commit murder must be vacated.
Having determined that solicitation to commit murder is a lesser included offense of murder as an accessory before the fact and that the solicitation conviction must be vacated, we are not required to reach this issue.
In defendant’s next assignments of error, she asks this Court to reconsider its previous holdings that conspiracy to commit murder is not a lesser included offense of first-degree murder as an accessory before the fact. See, e.g., State v. Looney, 294 N.C. 1, 240 S.E.2d 612 (1978). Defendant offers no argument meriting reconsideration of our position on this issue. Thus, these assignments of error are overruled.
Defendant next contends that her murder conviction must be vacated because there is insufficient evidence that she committed the offense as charged in the indictment. Indictment number 92CRS43698 charged that defendant “unlawfully, willfully and feloniously did acting in concert with Betty Cashwell and Zachary Davis, ... of malice aforethought kill and murder James Alvin Westbrooks.” (Emphasis added.) Defendant contends that because there was no evidence that she was present at the scene of the murder, a required element of acting in concert, she cannot be found guilty of murder under this indictment. Defendant’s argument is that because the indictment stated acting in concert as the specific theory of murder, the allegations against defendant were limited to that theory, and her conviction for first-degree murder on an accessory-before-the-fact theory must be vacated. We do not agree.
A criminal indictment is sufficient if it expresses “the charge against the defendant in a plain, intelligible, and explicit manner.” N.C.G.S. § 15-153 (1983). Specifically, the indictment must allege all of the essential elements of the crime sought to be charged. State v. Courtney, 248 N.C. 447, 103 S.E.2d 861 (1958). “Allegations beyond the essential elements of the crime sought to be charged are irrelevant and may be treated as surplusage.” State v. Taylor, 280 N.C. 273, 276, 185 S.E.2d 677, 680 (1972). Acting in concert is not an essential element of first-degree murder, and the prosecution was not required to prove this fact in order to prove that defendant was guilty of first-degree murder. Thus, the allegation of the indictment that defendant acted in concert with Zachary Davis and Betty Cashwell is an allegation beyond the essential elements of the crime charged and is, therefore, surplusage. See State v. Freeman, 314 N.C. 432, 333 S.E.2d 743 (1985).
The purposes of an indictment include giving a defendant notice of the charge against him so that he may prepare his defense and be in a position to plead double jeopardy if he is again brought to trial for the same offense. Id. In the instant case defendant had notice of the first-degree murder charge against her and presented her defense accordingly. Defendant testified in her own defense that she did not hire Davis or Cashwell or anyone else to murder her husband. Defendant was found guilty of first-degree murder on an accessory-before-the-fact theory. The indictment and the evidence supported this verdict. This assignment of error is overruled.
By her next two assignments of error, defendant argues that testimony by two witnesses repeating statements made to them by the victim before his death was inadmissible and irrelevant hearsay. Defendant contends that the trial court erred by admitting testimony of statements made by the victim.
James Alvin Westbrooks, Sr., the victim’s father, testified that he and the victim talked about the victim’s financial and marital problems on 12 March 1992. Mr. Westbrooks testified that during this conversation, he told the victim he would hire an attorney to handle his financial and marital problems; in response the victim stated, “All she’s done to me, I still don’t want to hurt her.”
Deborah Westbrooks Blair, the victim’s sister, testified that the victim told her that he was upset about his finances, “that he was in terrible financial shape, that he was really concerned about it. He was very depressed. He was very lonely.” She testified that the victim told her he had been getting calls and bills from creditors which he knew nothing about and that defendant was responsible.
The trial court found that these statements were admissible under Rule 803(3) of the North Carolina Rules of Evidence. Rule 803(3) provides that “[a] statement of the declarant’s then existing state of mind” is not excluded by the hearsay rule. N.C.G.S. § 8C-1, Rule 803(3) (1992). Defendant argues that our recent decision in State v. Hardy, 339 N.C. 207, 451 S.E.2d 600 (1994), precludes the admission of these statements for two reasons. First, defendant contends that these statements were of “facts” rather than state of mind. Second, defendant contends that the victim’s state of mind is not relevant under the Hardy standard.
The victim’s statements to his sister that he was depressed, lonely, and upset about his finances were statements indicating his mental condition at the time they were made and were not merely a recitation of facts. Similarly, the victim’s statements to his father about his feelings towards his marriage to the defendant expressed the victim’s state of mind. See State v. Lambert, 341 N.C. 36, 460 S.E.2d 123 (1995) (victim’s statements that his marriage “wasn’t getting along like it should” and that he was leaving were statements of victim’s then-existing state of mind).
“Evidence tending to show the victim’s state of mind is admissible so long as the victim’s state of mind is relevant to the case at hand.” State v. Stager, 329 N.C. 278, 314, 406 S.E.2d 876, 897 (1991). In the instant case evidence of the victim’s state of mind is relevant in that it bears directly on the victim’s relationship with the defendant at the time he was killed. See id.-, State v. McLemore, 343 N.C. 240, 470 S.E.2d 2 (1996). Defendant contends Hardy holds that hearsay evidence showing a victim’s state of mind is not admissible unless the State demonstrates with particularity why that state of mind is relevant “beyond the nature of the relationship.” In Hardy the State introduced portions of the victim’s diary to show that the victim feared the defendant, her husband. However, there were many inconsistencies in the material in the diary, and some of the diary entries suggested that the victim was not afraid of her husband. In Hardy we found that the State failed to “clarify” what the nature of the relation was between the victim and the defendant. Hardy, 339 N.C. at 230, 451 S.E.2d at 613. The inconsistencies present in the hearsay evidence in Hardy are not present in this case. The statements made to Mr. Westbrooks and Ms. Blair reflect a man concerned about his marriage and his wife’s handling of their finances. These statements also corroborate a motive for the murder — that defendant was in debt and could not repay her obligations. See Stager, 329 N.C. at 315, 406 S.E.2d at 897. Thus, these statements are admissible as statements of the declarant’s then-existing state of mind.
The victim’s statements about the telephone calls and bills from creditors he knew nothing about and defendant’s role in his financial situation are also admissible. In Stager, 329 N.C. 278, 406 S.E.2d 876, we held admissible an audiotape made by the victim before he was murdered by his wife. On the tape the victim described his financial troubles, which were caused by his wife. For example, the victim stated on the tape that he had to get a post office box after bills started disappearing, that the police had come to the house to serve warrants on his wife for her unpaid bills, that his wife spent the money he gave her to make the car payments, and that without his knowledge she borrowed money that they could not repay. We held the tape in Stager admissible under the state of mind exception to the hearsay rule because the statement “[bore] directly on [the victim’s] relationship with the defendant at about the time she was alleged to have killed him.” Id. at 314, 406 S.E.2d at 897. Likewise, in the instant case the victim’s statements bear directly on the victim’s relationship with defendant at the time the victim was killed. Defendant again argues that these statements are recitations of facts rather than state of mind. However, under the facts of this case, we find that these statements were made contemporaneously with and in explanation of the victim’s statements that he was concerned and upset about his finances. Thus, these statements are admissible as statements of the declarant’s then-existing state of mind.
In addition, statements concerning the status of the marriage between the victim and defendant were admissible to contradict defendant’s contention at trial that she and the victim had no marital problems. Defendant’s testimony about the positive state of her marriage opened the door to rebuttal evidence. See Lambert, 341 N.C. at 49, 460 S.E.2d at 131. “ ‘Discrediting a witness by proving, through other evidence, that the facts were otherwise than [s]he testified, is an obvious and customary process that needs little comment. If the challenged fact is material, the contradicting evidence is just as much substantive evidence as the testimony under attack, and no special rules are required.’ ” Id. (quoting 1 Kenneth S. Broun, Brandis and Broun on North Carolina Evidence § 160 (4th ed. 1993)). The evidence of the victim’s statements was relevant to refute the assertion by defendant that there were no marital problems. See id.; Stager, 329 N.C. at 314, 406 S.E.2d at 897.
Regardless of whether it was error to admit the statements challenged by defendant, defendant has not shown that she was prejudiced by their admission. The failure of a trial court to exclude evidence tending to show a declarant’s state of mind “will not result in the granting of a new trial absent a showing by defendant that a reasonable possibility exists that a different result would have been reached absent the error.” State v. Weeks, 322 N.C. 152, 170, 367 S.E.2d 895, 906 (1988). Several witnesses testified about the Westbrookses’ financial problems. Lisa Webster, a credit bureau research specialist, testified to defendant’s uncollectible debt. Diane Bush, a bartender at the Bench Tavern, testified that defendant could not meet her bills at the bar. Karen Furr, another bartender at the Bench Tavern, testified that “[she] never knew when [she] was getting paid” and that she “always had excuses from Donna, about her accountant being out of town or on vacation.” Karen Furr also testified that she “always heard Donna complaining that she didn’t have any money.” Both Diane Bush and Karen Furr testified that beer distributors would not accept defendant’s checks and that beer deliveries had to be paid for in cash.
Defendant herself testified that in early 1992, the state of her personal finances was “poor.” Defendant further testified that she had lost money at the bar and that she had “talked to some of [her] creditors]] and . . . had made arrangements” with some retail creditors about her debts. Thus, any statements admitted about the Westbrookses’ poor financial condition were not prejudicial.
Similarly, witnesses testified about personal problems between defendant and the victim. Diane Bush testified that defendant made comments “a time or two” that she hated her husband. In addition, Karen Furr testified that defendant “complain[ed] about having to go home to [her husband].” Thus, any statements admitted about the status of the Westbrookses’ marriage were not prejudicial. For all of the above reasons, these assignments of error are overruled.
By further assignments of error, defendant contends that the trial court erred by admitting testimony from James Alvin Westbrooks, Sr. and Deborah Westbrooks Blair about statements they made to the victim prior to the murder. Mr. Westbrooks testified that he told the victim not to marry defendant because she could not handle finances and money and not to buy a life insurance policy. Mr. Westbrooks also testified that he told the victim he would hire an attorney to handle the victim’s financial and marital problems; that he would give the victim money to help him with his financial problems, but that he would not give him money for defendant to spend; and that he told the victim’s bank to freeze the victim’s assets after he died and told the insurance company to reissue checks to the victim’s estate.
Deborah Blair testified that she told the victim he “needed to try and do something about [defendant] coming home drunk every night” and that the victim would never be happy until he got an attorney and a divorce.
Assuming arguendo that admission of this testimony was error, we do not find this error to be prejudicial. Given the overwhelming evidence against defendant in this case, there is no reasonable possibility that, had this evidence not been admitted, a different result would have been reached. N.C.G.S. § 15A-1443(a) (1988). These assignments of error are overruled.
Defendant’s next assignments of error concern the admission of evidence about statements she made to Detective David DeBerry before and after her arrest. Defendant contends that the admission of testimony by DeBerry regarding those statements and the prosecutor’s subsequent cross-examination and argument about those statements violated her right to silence under the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States and Article I, Section 23 of the Constitution of North Carolina. Defendant argues that her rights were violated by the use of her pre- and postarrest silence for both impeachment and substantive purposes.
At trial DeBerry read to the jury defendant’s post -Miranda statement made on 16 May 1992. In the 16 May statement defendant recalled a conversation with Davis which took place “[a]round the first of the year” in which defendant was telling Davis about problems at home and that the victim was not pleased with anything she did. Defendant stated that during this conversation, she made the comment that she “wished [the victim] was dead.” The statement also referred to a conversation defendant had with Davis “[approximately a month later” in which she told Davis that the victim had a $50,000 life insurance policy with her as the beneficiary. The statement also contained a recollection by defendant that Davis was tentatively scheduled to fix the vinyl flooring in her house about the time the victim died and that “[a] couple of times since Jimmy’s death,” Davis had asked her about the $6,500 and about the money from the insurance company.
Immediately after DeBerry read the statement, the prosecutor asked DeBerry a series of questions about whether defendant ever told him before her arrest about the facts she told him on 16 May. DeBerry testified that defendant had not previously revealed these facts to him. The 16 May statement did not make mention of any conversation between defendant and Davis on 13 May 1992.
Defendant testified on her own behalf and recounted a conversation she had with Davis on 13 May 1992. According to defendant, on 13 May Davis told defendant that Cashwell killed the victim. This information was not contained in the 16 May statement. On cross-examination the prosecutor questioned defendant about why she did not tell DeBerry, either before or after her 16 May arrest, about the 13 May conversation with Davis and why she did not tell DeBerry about facts she first revealed in her 16 May statement. Defendant asserted that she never gave this information to DeBerry because she did not have her lawyer present and because DeBerry by his continuous questioning never gave her a chance to give him this information. On rebuttal for the State, DeBerry confirmed that defendant did not tell him about Davis’ conversation with her on 13 May. In closing argument the prosecutor stated:
And then she went on to tell you five separate times that she met with Detective DeBerry, that she never once told him who the killer of her husband was. Is that the act of a grieving widow? Or is that the act of a co-conspirator?
We first address defendant’s contention that her rights were violated by the use of her prearrest silence for impeachment purposes. A criminal defendant’s exercise of his right to remain silent cannot be used against him to impeach an explanation subsequently offered at trial. Doyle v. Ohio, 426 U.S. 610, 49 L. Ed. 2d 91 (1976). Although the rule set forth in Doyle is well established, certain limitations to Doyle have developed in the case law of the United States Supreme Court and have been applied by this Court.
In Jenkins v. Anderson, 447 U.S. 231, 65 L. Ed. 2d 86 (1980), the Supreme Court held that use of a defendant’s prearrest silence to impeach his credibility on cross-examination does not violate the Fifth or Fourteenth Amendment. The Jenkins Court held that a prosecutor could cross-examine the defendant about his failure prior to his arrest to tell anyone he was acting in self-defense on the night of the murder and that the prosecutor could mention this failure in his closing argument. The Court emphasized the fact that “no governmental action induced petitioner to remain silent before arrest.” Id. at 240, 65 L. Ed. 2d at 96.
Similarly, in the instant case defendant was not induced to remain silent before her arrest, and use of her prearrest silence does not violate defendant’s Fifth Amendment rights. The record reveals that defendant never invoked or relied upon her right to remain silent. On the contrary defendant frequently talked with the investigators in her husband’s case. Defendant testified at trial that she talked with members of the Sheriff’s Department about the circumstances surrounding her husband’s death every day up until the time she was arrested.
However, the fact that the Fifth Amendment is not violated by the use of prearrest silence to impeach a defendant’s credibility does not mean that admission of this testimony was proper under our common law rules. In Jenkins the Court noted that
[cjommon law traditionally has allowed witnesses to be impeached by their previous failure to state a fact in circumstances in which that fact naturally would have been asserted. Each jurisdiction may formulate its own rules of evidence to determine when prior silence is so inconsistent with present statements that impeachment by reference to such silence is probative.
Id. at 239, 65 L. Ed. 2d at 95 (citation omitted). To analyze defendant’s contention that her constitutional rights were violated by the use of any prearrest silence, pursuant to the rules of evidence formulated by our jurisdiction, we look to our opinion in State v. Lane, 301 N.C. 382, 271 S.E.2d 273 (1980).
In Lane this Court addressed the issue of allowing the prosecutor to use evidence of defendant’s pre-Miranda silence to impeach the defendant during cross-examination. The defendant stated prior to receiving any Miranda warnings, “Hell, I sold heroin before, but I didn’t sell heroin to this person.” Id. at 382, 271 S.E.2d at 274. The defendant testified at trial that he had an alibi for the crime for which he was being tried. On cross-examination the prosecutor asked defendant why he had not fold the police about this alibi prior to trial. In determining whether the cross-examination was permissible, we noted:
“Prior statements of a witness which are inconsistent with his present testimony are not admissible as substantive evidence because of their hearsay nature. Even so, such prior inconsistent statements are admissible for the purpose of impeachment. . . .
“ ‘. . . [I]f the former statement fails to mention a material circumstance presently testified to, which it would have been natural to mention in the prior statement, the prior statement is sufficiently inconsistent,’ .... [Citations omitted.] [Emphasis added.]”
Id. at 386, 271 S.E.2d at 276 (quoting State v. Mack, 282 N.C. 334, 339-40, 193 S.E.2d 71, 75 (1972)) (citations omitted) (alterations in original). We held in Lane that “[t]he crux of this case is whether it would have been natural for defendant to have mentioned his alibi defense at the time he voluntarily stated [to the police] that he ‘did not sell heroin to this person.’ ” Id.
Under the Lane analysis the question now before this Court is whether defendant’s failure to mention her conversation with Davis on 13 May 1992 during her daily conversations with police officers amounts to an inconsistent statement. We must likewise determine whether defendant’s failure to mention facts set out in her 16 May statement during prior discussions with police officers amounts to an inconsistent statement.
We conclude that it would have been natural for defendant to have told officers about the conversation with Davis on 13 May 1992 in light of the fact that during this conversation, Davis told her who killed her husband. We conclude defendant’s silence about this conversation was evidence of an inconsistent statement in this particular case and that it was not error for the court to allow the prosecutor’s cross-examination of defendant on this issue.
Assuming arguendo that it would not have been natural for defendant to have told officers about the facts set out in her 16 May statement — information about defendant’s statement that she “wished [the victim] was dead,” information about defendant’s conversations with Davis about insurance and money, and information that Davis was tentatively scheduled to fix the vinyl flooring about the time the victim died — we conclude that given the overwhelming evidence against defendant, any error was not prejudicial.
To analyze defendant’s contention that her constitutional rights were violated by use of her postarrest, post-Miranda silence for impeachment, we turn to the United States Supreme Court decision in Anderson v. Charles, 447 U.S. 404, 65 L. Ed. 2d 222 (1980) (per curiam). In Anderson the Supreme Court declined to apply Doyle to a prosecutor’s cross-examination that inquired into prior inconsistent statements of the defendant. The Court stated:
Such questioning makes no unfair use of silence, because a defendant who voluntarily speaks after receiving Miranda warnings has not been induced to remain silent. As to the subject matter of his statements, the defendant has not remained silent at all.
Id. at 408, 65 L. Ed. 2d at 226. We applied the limitation established by Anderson in State v. Mitchell, 317 N.C. 661, 346 S.E.2d 458 (1986). In Mitchell the defendant was charged with rape, armed robbery, kidnapping, and larceny. The investigating officer testified that he escorted the defendant back to North Carolina from Tennessee. Prior to the start of the car ride, the officer gave the defendant his Miranda warnings. The officer testified that during the trip, the defendant informed the officer that the victim’s car had been stolen from him when he stopped at a truck stop. At trial the defendant testified that he had entered into a plan with the victim to burn her car so that she could collect insurance proceeds and that they had engaged in consensual sexual intercourse. The prosecutor asked defendant on cross-examination why he did not originally tell the investigating officer about the planned insurance fraud. The defendant contended on appeal that the prosecutor impermissibly used his silence for impeachment purposes in violation of Doyle.
This Court, in determining that this cross-examination was permissible in Mitchell, held that the rule set forth in Doyle was inapplicable to the facts:
Here, the defendant did not exercise his right to remain silent after receiving Miranda warnings. He voluntarily engaged in conversation with [the police officer] and said that after he had taken the victim’s car it had been stolen from him. The prosecutor did not attempt to capitalize on the defendant’s reliance on the implicit assurances of the Miranda warnings, the concern embodied in the Doyle decision.
Id. at 667, 346 S.E.2d at 461-62.
The record in this case discloses that defendant was similarly not induced to remain silent. Upon her arrest on 16 May 1992 and after receiving the required Miranda warnings, defendant executed a waiver and voluntarily gave a statement to the investigating officers regarding the charges against her. “As to the subject matter of [her] statements, the defendant did not remain silent at all.” Id. at 667, 346 S.E.2d at 462. Therefore, any references to omissions or inconsistencies in statements defendant made after receiving her Miranda warnings, were proper.
Defendant also contends that her rights were violated by the use of her pre- and postarrest silence for substantive purposes based on the testimony of DeBerry in the case-in-chief and on rebuttal. Assuming arguendo that it was error to allow DeBerry to testily as to what defendant failed to tell him, given the overwhelming evidence against defendant, we conclude that this error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.
Finally, defendant contends that the prosecutor’s closing argument was improper because the argument “plainly urged the jury to draw meaning from [defendant’s] post and pre-arrest silence” as to the 13 May conversation with Davis. First, we note that defendant did not object to this portion of the closing argument. Where there is no objection, “the standard of review to determine whether the trial court should have intervened ex mero motu is whether the allegedly improper argument was so prejudicial and grossly improper as to interfere with defendant’s right to a fair trial.” State v. Alford, 339 N.C. 562, 571, 453 S.E.2d 512, 516 (1995). We conclude that in this case, the prosecutor’s closing argument on defendant’s failure to tell the police the identity of her husband’s murderer was made to impeach defendant’s trial testimony. The prosecutor raised the question during closing argument that if in fact Davis had told defendant on 13 May 1992 that Cashwell killed the victim, why did defendant not reveal this information to the police prior to her trial. Based on defendant’s trial testimony, the natural tendency would be for defendant to have mentioned the 13 May conversation prior to taking the stand; thus, it was proper to raise this question in order to impeach defendant’s testimony at trial. See State v. Buckner, 342 N.C. 198, 464 S.E.2d 414 (1995), cert. denied, - U.S. -, - L. Ed. 2d -, 65 U.S.L.W. 3258 (1996). These assignments of error are overruled.
By her next assignment of error, defendant contends that the trial court erred by limiting her right to confront, cross-examine, and impeach State’s witnesses Zachary Davis and Betty Cashwell thereby precluding her from inquiring about their parole eligibility under their guilty pleas.
Section 15A-1055 of the North Carolina General Statutes provides that “ [notwithstanding any other rule of evidence to the contrary, any party may examine a witness testifying . . . pursuant to [a plea arrangement] with respect to that . . . arrangement.” N.C.G.S. § 15A-1055 (1988). Our case law also holds that “cross-examination is a proper method of testing a witness as to bias concerning ... his just expectation of reward, pardon, or parole as the result of his testifying for the State.” State v. Wilson, 322 N.C. 117, 135, 367 S.E.2d 589, 600 (1988).
However, we have also held that where a question concerning plea arrangements calls for legal knowledge on the part of a lay witness, the State’s objection is properly sustained. Id.; accord State v. Mason, 295 N.C. 584, 248 S.E.2d 241 (1978) (holding that it is within the discretion of the trial judge to sustain the State’s objection where questions to a witness go to his understanding of the law concerning parole and call for the legal knowledge of a lay witness), cert. denied, 440 U.S. 984, 60 L. Ed. 2d 246 (1979).
In Wilson defense counsel attempted to question the witness about his understanding of the laws concerning sentencing and parole eligibility. We held that “[i]t was not an abuse of discretion to prohibit the witness from answering since the witness had already stated that he was motivated to testify for the State because of a plea bargain arrangement.” 322 N.C. at 135-36, 367 S.E.2d at 600.
In the instant case both witnesses testified that they were motivated to testify for the State because of a plea arrangement. This type of testimony is “more probative of bias than the legal distinction asked of [them] by the defense.” Wilson, 322 N.C. at 136, 367 S.E.2d at 600. The fact that these witnesses had made arrangements for charge reductions in exchange for their testimony was clearly before the jury, and defendant has demonstrated no abuse of the trial court’s discretion. This assignment of error is overruled.
By her next assignment of error, defendant contends that the trial court erroneously allowed the attorney for Betty Cashwell to invoke the attorney-client privilege during an offer of proof concerning parole eligibility information. Defendant contends that Betty Cashwell’s previous testimony about parole eligibility constituted a waiver of the privilege with regard to the details of her discussions with her attorney.
Assuming arguendo that Betty Cashwell waived this privilege, defendant cannot show prejudicial error by this ruling. Betty Cashwell had already testified during cross-examination that the State permitted her to plead guilty to conspiracy to commit murder and second-degree murder in exchange for her testimony. Betty Cashwell read to the jury terms of her plea arrangement, which stated that if she fulfilled the terms and conditions of the agreement, the State agreed not to convict her of first-degree murder and not to seek the death penalty against her. Given Betty Cashwell’s testimony as to her plea arrangement, any testimony by the attorney to the effect that Betty Cashwell and she had discussed the possible advantages of a plea arrangement would have been cumulative evidence. See Morston, 336 N.C. 381, 445 S.E.2d 1. Any error in allowing the attorney to invoke the attorney-client privilege was not prejudicial. This assignment of error is overruled.
By her next assignments of error, defendant contends that the trial court erred by overruling her objection to a question of prospective jurors. Defendant objected to the following question of a prospective juror: “Can you decide this case without comparing it with the disposition of the co-defendants’ cases, if you’re told about that?” Defendant contends that this questioning was improper because it misstated the law and staked out jurors to disregard the codefendants’ interest in this case.
It is well established that “while counsel may diligently inquire into a juror’s fitness to serve, the extent and manner of that inquiry rests within the trial court’s discretion.” State v. Parks, 324 N.C. 420, 423, 378 S.E.2d 785, 787 (1989). To show reversible error on the basis of improper jury voir dire, defendant must demonstrate prejudice as well as a clear abuse of discretion. Id.
In the case before us, defendant has shown neither prejudice nor abuse of discretion. Defendant objected to one question of a prospective juror: “Can you decide this case without comparing it with the disposition of the co-defendants’ cases, if you’re told about that?” Defendant’s basis for her objection was that the disposition of the codefendants’ cases might be the subject of a mitigating circumstance during the sentencing proceeding and that if it was so submitted to the jurors, then it would be their duty to consider the outcome of the codefendants’ cases. The trial court then told defense counsel that “they would be allowed to ask questions in that vein, if they wished to do so.” Defendant thereafter posed no further objections to the same question of other jurors and posed her own questions to the jury regarding the disposition of the codefendants’ cases.
Based on the grounds for defendant’s objection at trial, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying this objection. Defendant contends for the first time on appeal that the question to the jurors “misstated the law and improperly staked jurors out to disregard a vital factor going to the co-defendants’ credibility.” We do not agree. The prosecutor’s questions did not have the effect of urging the jurors to ignore Davis’ and Cashwell’s potential interest or bias; rather, the questions sought to identify those jurors who would be unable to decide defendant’s case based solely on the evidence produced at trial. The trial judge did not abuse his discretion by allowing such questions.
Nor can defendant show any prejudice by the trial court’s actions. Defendant raised the agreements of Davis and Cashwell with the State during jury selection, during trial, during closing argument, and in the submission of mitigating circumstances during sentencing. In addition, the trial court instructed the jury with regard to the testimony of Davis and Cashwell as well as to the disposition of their cases.
Finally, we do not find that the prosecutor misstated any law. However, had there been a misstatement of the law by the prosecutor, any such misstatement would have been cured by the trial court’s proper instructions to the jury. State v. Buckner, 342 N.C. 198, 464 S.E.2d 414. These assignments of error are overruled.
By her next assignments of error, defendant contends that the trial court’s rulings during closing arguments resulted in prejudicial error. The jury argument under review centers around the testimony of defense witness Angle Maberson, who claimed to have conversed with Betty Cashwell in the jail before and after Cashwell pled guilty. Defendant contends that the trial court erroneously disallowed her argument that Maberson and Cashwell talked and “[g]ot together” in the county jail. When defense counsel contended in his closing argument that “people talk, people get together,” the prosecutor objected on the ground that “[t]he evidence was they were separated.” The trial court sustained this objection. Defendant also contends the trial court “erroneously allowed the prosecutor’s closing argument that Maberson was not in the jail on September 7, 1993, that Cashwell entered her guilty plea on September 9, and that Maberson testified that she and Cashwell were together on September 9.
“Trial counsel are granted wide latitude in the scope of jury argument, and control of closing arguments is in the discretion of the trial court.” State v. Soyars, 332 N.C. 47, 60, 418 S.E.2d 480, 487 (1992). Assuming arguendo that it was error to sustain the prosecutor’s objection to defense counsel’s contention during closing arguments that “people talk, people get together,” we do not find that any such error was prejudicial. After the objection was sustained, defense counsel made the very same contention that Maberson and Cashwell had talked in the jail; and the contention was made without objection and without any intervention from the court.
Similarly, we do not find that the court’s handling of the prosecutor’s closing argument was prejudicial. “[F]or an inappropriate prosecutorial comment to justify a new trial, it ‘must be sufficiently grave that it is prejudicial error.’ ” Id. at 60, 418 S.E.2d at 487-88 (quoting State v. Britt, 291 N.C. 528, 537, 231 S.E.2d 644, 651 (1977)). The prosecutor stated in closing that the evidence showed that Maberson was not in the jail on the date she claimed to have talked with Cashwell. Upon defendant’s objection to this statement, the trial court instructed the jurors to “[t]ake [their] own recollection of the evidence.” The trial court correctly instructed the jurors to be guided by the evidence based on their own recollections. Defendant was not prejudiced by the trial court’s actions during closing arguments. These assignments of error are overruled.
By her next assignment of error, defendant contends that the trial court erroneously refused to submit the possible verdict of second-degree murder as an accessory before the fact to the jury. The governing principle is that
[i]f the evidence is sufficient to fully satisfy the State’s burden of proving each and every element of the offense of murder in the first degree, including premeditation and deliberation, and there is no evidence to negate these elements other than defendant’s denial that he committed the offense, the trial judge should properly exclude from jury consideration the possibility of a conviction of second degree murder.
State v. Strickland, 307 N.C. 274, 293, 298 S.E.2d 645, 658 (1983), modified in part on other grounds by State v. Johnson, 317 N.C. 193, 344 S.E.2d 775 (1986).
This Court addressed the trial court’s failure to submit second-degree murder as a possible verdict under similar facts in State v. Larrimore, 340 N.C. 119, 456 S.E.2d 789 (1995). In Larrimore the evidence showed the defendant hired Daniel McMillian to kill the victim. McMillian pled guilty to second-degree murder and conspiracy to commit murder and testified against the defendant. In contrast, the defendant denied any involvement in the crime, denied knowing McMillian, and contended that the victim’s estranged wife arranged for the murder of her husband. The Court in Larrimore held that “ [i]f the jury believed the State’s evidence, it had to find the defendant guilty of first-degree murder. If it believed the defendant’s evidence, it would have had to find him not guilty. It thus would have been error to have submitted second-degree murder.” Id. at 157-58, 456 S.E.2d at 809-10.
In the present case there was substantial evidence to prove each element of first-degree murder. The State’s evidence tended to show that defendant hired Zachary Davis to kill her husband for $15,000 to be paid from the proceeds of a life insurance policy. Davis and Cashwell drove to the victim’s home, where defendant had placed a box of knives in a prearranged place, specifically to kill the victim; they accomplished the murder by stabbing the victim twenty-three times. If the jury believed the State’s evidence, it had to find defendant guilty of first-degree murder. In addition, we find evidence of second-degree murder totally lacking. The defendant’s defense and her evidence, if believed, tended to show that Zachary Davis and Betty Cashwell stabbed and killed the victim and that the defendant had absolutely no role in the killing. If the jury believed the defendant’s evidence, it would have to find her not guilty. Thus, to have submitted second-degree murder would have been error.
We also find no merit to defendant’s argument that Davis’ alcohol consumption prior to the killing negated premeditation and deliberation. There is no evidence in the record relating to the effect of alcohol on Davis at the time of the killing. Further, Davis admitted on cross-examination that the murder was premeditated and deliberated. This assignment of error is overruled.
Finally, defendant requests that this Court examine sealed mental health records of Zachary Davis and Betty Cashwell and determine if they contain any relevant and impeaching evidence against them which was not contained in the materials disclosed by the trial court after an in camera review of these records. After examining the medical records on appeal, we conclude that the records do not contain any relevant evidence as to the State’s witnesses. These assignments of error are overruled.
NO. 92CRS43698, FIRST-DEGREE MURDER: NO ERROR.
NO. 92CRS20473, COUNT 1, CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT MURDER: NO ERROR.
NO. 92CRS20473, COUNT 2, SOLICITATION TO COMMIT MURDER: JUDGMENT ARRESTED.
. The Fair Sentencing Act, as contained in N.C.G.S. § 15A-1340.1 through -1340.7, was repealed effective 1 October 1994, when the Structured Sentencing Act became effective for offenses occurring on or after that date. The Fair Sentencing Act applies in this case.
| CASELAW |
Chamillitary
Chamillitary may refer to:
* Chamillitary Entertainment, a record/entertainment company owned and run by Chamillionaire
* Chamillionaire (born 1979), Founder of Chamillitary Entertainment | WIKI |
Audio Augmentation: Wearable Tech Aiding the Hearing Impaired
The advent of wearable technology has brought about significant advancements in various aspects of our lives, and one area where it has made a profound impact is in assisting individuals with hearing impairments. With the development of audio augmentation technology, wearable devices have become powerful tools to enhance the auditory experience of those who are deaf or hard of hearing. In this article, we will explore the various ways in which wearable tech is aiding the hearing impaired and revolutionizing their daily lives.
Understanding Hearing Impairment
Before diving into the details of how wearable tech can aid the hearing impaired, it is essential to understand the different types and degrees of hearing impairment. Hearing loss can range from mild to profound, and it can be categorized into conductive, sensorineural, or mixed hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound cannot pass through the outer or middle ear, while sensorineural hearing loss happens due to damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve. Mixed hearing loss is a combination of both types.
People with hearing impairments may face various challenges in their daily lives, such as difficulties in communication, social interactions, and accessibility to information. However, thanks to wearable technology, they now have access to advanced solutions that are specifically designed to address these challenges.
Hearing Aids
Hearing aids are the most common and well-known wearable devices used by individuals with hearing impairments. These devices are designed to amplify sound and enhance the overall listening experience. The modern hearing aids are not only discreet but also come with advanced features and functionalities.
Some of the key features found in modern hearing aids include:
• Digital Signal Processing (DSP): This technology allows hearing aids to process sound signals in real-time and apply necessary amplification based on the individual’s hearing requirements. With DSP, hearing aids can distinguish between speech and background noise, reducing the impact of noise on the listening experience.
• Directional Microphones: These microphones focus on capturing sound from specific directions, reducing background noise and increasing speech clarity in noisy environments. By amplifying sound coming from the front and reducing sound from other directions, directional microphones improve speech intelligibility.
• Wireless Connectivity: Many hearing aids are now equipped with wireless connectivity options, enabling them to connect to smartphones, televisions, and other devices for seamless audio streaming and control. This connectivity allows individuals with hearing impairments to directly stream phone calls, music, and other audio content to their hearing aids, enhancing their overall listening experience.
Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs)
Apart from hearing aids, assistive listening devices (ALDs) are another form of wearable tech that aids individuals with hearing impairments. ALDs are designed to provide additional support in specific situations where hearing aids alone may not be sufficient.
Some common types of ALDs include:
• FM Systems: These systems consist of a transmitter and receiver, where the transmitter captures the sound and wirelessly transmits it to the receiver, which the wearer can carry or connect to their hearing aids. FM systems are often used in classrooms, lecture halls, and public places to improve speech comprehension. By reducing the distance between the speaker and the listener, FM systems help individuals with hearing impairments overcome the challenges of distance and background noise.
• Captioning Devices: Captioning devices display text captions for spoken words, enhancing communication in situations where understanding spoken language is challenging. These devices are particularly helpful in theaters, cinemas, and other public venues. By providing visual text, captioning devices ensure that individuals with hearing impairments can follow conversations and enjoy audiovisual content.
• Alerting Devices: Alerting devices use visual or tactile signals to notify individuals about important sounds or events, such as doorbells, alarms, or phone calls. They can be connected to various sound-emitting devices, ensuring that the wearer doesn’t miss important cues. Alerting devices are especially useful in situations where sound awareness is crucial for safety and communication.
Cochlear Implants
While not traditionally considered wearable tech, cochlear implants are surgically implanted devices that play a crucial role in aiding individuals with severe to profound hearing loss. Cochlear implants consist of an external processor worn behind the ear and an internal implant placed under the skin.
The external processor captures sound and converts it into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the internal implant. The implant stimulates the auditory nerve directly, bypassing the damaged parts of the ear, and allows the wearer to perceive sound signals. Cochlear implants are particularly beneficial for individuals with profound sensorineural hearing loss who do not benefit from hearing aids.
Advancements in Wearable Tech for the Hearing Impaired
In recent years, there have been significant advancements in wearable technology specifically tailored to meet the needs of the hearing impaired. Some of the notable advancements include:
Smart Hearing Aids
Modern hearing aids are now equipped with smart features that leverage the power of artificial intelligence and machine learning. These smart hearing aids can automatically adjust their settings based on the wearer’s listening environment, making them more adaptable and convenient.
Additionally, some smart hearing aids can also analyze user data to provide insights into hearing patterns, sound exposure levels, and even offer personalized recommendations for hearing health management. With continuous monitoring and analysis, smart hearing aids can help individuals with hearing impairments proactively manage their hearing health and make informed decisions.
Real-Time Language Translation
One remarkable advancement in wearable tech is the ability to provide real-time language translation, facilitating communication between individuals speaking different languages. Wearable devices equipped with this technology can translate spoken language into text or even provide audible translations, enabling individuals with hearing impairments to understand and participate in conversations.
Real-time language translation not only breaks down language barriers but also opens up opportunities for individuals with hearing impairments to engage in multilingual environments. By providing instantaneous translations, wearable devices empower individuals with hearing impairments to communicate effectively in diverse social and professional settings.
Bone Conduction Technology
Bone conduction technology is another significant advancement that has greatly benefited individuals with certain types of hearing impairment. This technology bypasses the outer and middle ear by transmitting sound vibrations directly to the inner ear through bones in the skull. By using bone conduction technology, wearable devices can deliver sound signals to individuals who have conductive hearing loss or abnormalities in the ear canal.
Bone conduction headphones and other wearable devices that utilize this technology provide a unique listening experience for individuals with hearing impairments. They transmit sound vibrations through bones, allowing individuals to perceive sound even if they have issues with their outer or middle ear. This technology has proven particularly useful for individuals with conductive hearing loss caused by ear infections, blockages, or malformations.
The Future of Audio Augmentation for the Hearing Impaired
As technology continues to evolve, the future of audio augmentation for the hearing impaired looks promising. Researchers and developers are continually working on innovative solutions to further enhance the auditory experience of individuals with hearing impairments. Some potential future developments include:
• Neural Interfaces: Neural interfaces aim to directly interface with the auditory nerve or brain to restore hearing capabilities. This futuristic technology could potentially bypass damaged parts of the ear entirely, providing a more natural and immersive auditory experience. By directly stimulating the auditory nerve or brain, neural interfaces could offer a level of sound perception that closely resembles normal hearing.
• Smarter Assistive Listening Devices: Future ALDs may incorporate advanced speech recognition and noise reduction algorithms, ensuring clearer and more accurate sound transmission in various environments. These smarter ALDs would be able to differentiate between speech and background noise, amplifying speech and suppressing noise to improve speech intelligibility and overall listening experience.
• Miniaturization and Integration: Wearable devices are likely to become even smaller, more discreet, and seamlessly integrated into everyday objects, making them accessible to a wider range of individuals. Miniaturization and integration would make wearable tech more comfortable and convenient to use, eliminating any stigma associated with wearing visible devices. This would encourage more individuals with hearing impairments to adopt and benefit from wearable tech.
In conclusion, wearable technology has revolutionized the lives of individuals with hearing impairments by offering a range of solutions that enhance their auditory experience, improve communication, and increase accessibility to information. From advanced hearing aids to assistive listening devices and cochlear implants, wearable tech is continually evolving to meet the diverse needs of the hearing impaired. With further advancements on the horizon, the future holds even greater possibilities for audio augmentation and inclusion of individuals with hearing impairments in all aspects of life. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Chime (Macintosh)
C major and G major?
I'm quite sure that before Steve Jobs returned to Apple, the chime was a G major, then changed to C major. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:19, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
* What the...? The recording (which matches the chime on my 2004 G5) is F sharp major! (At least if you use A=440).-- megA (talk) 16:20, 29 February 2008 (UTC)
* a program called Mactracker has every model and every chime in it. It actually did change after Jobs returned... —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:12, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
* Isn't this heard on Wall-e? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:35, 22 October 2009 (UTC)
Merge with Chimes Of Death
* Per this discussion at WT:APPLE, this page and Chimes of Death will be merged to Macintosh startup. Airplaneman ✈ 22:00, 29 July 2010 (UTC)
* Agree One article is suitable for all types of Mac chimes.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:34, 19 March 2010 (UTC)
* Also agree that one page is suitable. FatDaks (talk) 01:47, 26 March 2010 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Leon Jacob Cole
1906 expedition sites
"He also joined an expedition to Tortugas and Florida, in 1906." I suspect that the Tortugas in question are the Dry Tortugas, not the wikilinked island of Haiti. Dgorsline (talk) 11:51, 2 April 2013 (UTC) The sources refer to the location as part of Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico: Dry Tortugas it is. Dgorsline (talk) 12:32, 30 April 2013 (UTC)
Rhode Island institution
I suspect that the "Rhode Island Experiment Station" referred to by McCabe and elsewhere is the forerunner of the University of Rhode Island. According to that article, it "was first chartered as the state's agricultural school and agricultural experiment station in 1888.... In 1892, the school became known as the Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts," which title it would have had when Cole was there in 1906. Dgorsline (talk) 12:31, 2 April 2013 (UTC) The Bulletin styles it variously as the Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station; Agricultural Experiment Station of the Rhode Island State College; and Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Rhode Island. Cole was a co-author of Bulletin 141, 1910, and that bulletin notes that he did much of the work at Sheffield Scientific School, Yale. Dgorsline (talk) 02:54, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
American Bird Banding Association
Cole has 1910 as the date for the organization of the American Bird Banding Association, at an AOU meeting, while Wood has 1909. Will check The Auk for correct date. Dgorsline (talk) 12:34, 29 April 2013 (UTC) The Auk has no information about organizing the ABBA in its reports of the December 1909 or November 1910 meetings. Dgorsline (talk) 12:12, 30 April 2013 (UTC) Still on the trail: Frederick Lincoln, "The History and Purposes of Bird Banding," The Auk 38(2), on page 220, writes that Cole formed the ABBA in New York on 8 December 1909. But a reader of the copy that was scanned and PDF'd had struck out December and written in November! Dgorsline (talk) 00:02, 25 May 2013 (UTC)
Honorary degree
Chapman's DSB article calls it an Sc.D. Dickerson and Chapman's article calls it a D.Sc. Dgorsline (talk) 12:45, 30 April 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Black Orpheus (album)
Black Orpheus is an album by Nigerian musician Keziah Jones.
Track listings
* 1) "AfrosurrealismForTheLadies"
* 2) "Kpafuca"
* 3) "Femiliarise"
* 4) "Wet Questions"
* 5) "Neptune"
* 6) "72 Kilos"
* 7) "All Praises"
* 8) "Beautiful Emilie"
* 9) "Sadness Is"
* 10) "Autumn Moon"
* 11) "The Black Orpheus"
* 12) "Orin O' Lomi"
Limited edition
* CD1
* 1) "AfrosurrealismForTheLadies"
* 2) "Kpafuca"
* 3) "Femiliarise"
* 4) "Wet Questions"
* 5) "Neptune"
* 6) "72 Kilos"
* 7) "All Praises"
* 8) "Beautiful Emilie"
* 9) "Sadness Is"
* 10) "Autumn Moon"
* 11) "The Black Orpheus"
* 12) "Orin O' Lomi"
* CD2
* 1) "Cutest Lips" (acoustic)
* 2) "Guitar in the River"
* 3) "All Along the Watchtower" (acoustic)
* 4) "Beautiful Emilie" (acoustic)
* 5) "Neurotica"
* 6) "Rhythm Is Love" (acoustic)
* 7) "Million Miles from Home" (acoustic)
* 8) "When Somebody Loves You" (acoustic)
* 9) "So Much Trouble in the World" | WIKI |
Osmium Complex-Chromophore Conjugates with Both Singlet-to-Triplet Absorption and Long Triplet Lifetime through Tuning of the Heavy-Atom Effect
研究成果: ジャーナルへの寄稿学術誌査読
22 被引用数 (Scopus)
抄録
Os(II) complexes showing singlet-to-triplet absorption are of growing interest as a new class of triplet sensitizers that circumvent energy loss during intersystem crossing, and they enable effective utilization of input photon energy in various applications, such as photoredox catalysis, photodynamic therapy, and photon upconversion. However, triplet excited-state lifetimes of Os(II) complexes are often too short (τ < 1 μs) to transfer their energy to neighboring molecules. While the covalent conjugation of chromophores has been known to extend the net excited-state lifetimes through an intramolecular triplet energy transfer (IMET), heavy-atom effects of the central metals on the attached chromophore units have rarely been discussed. Here, we investigate the relationship between the spin-density contribution of the heavy metals and the net triplet excited-state lifetimes for a series of Os(II) and Ru(II) bis(terpyridine) complexes modified with perylene units. Phosphorescence lifetimes of these compounds strongly depend on the lifetimes of the perylenyl group-localized excited states that are shortened by the heavy-atom effect. The degree of heavy-atom effect can be largely circumvented by introducing meta-phenylene bridges, where the perylene unit retains its intrinsic long excited-state lifetime. The thermal activation to the short-lived excited states is suppressed, thanks to sufficient but still small energy losses during the IMET process. Involvement of the metal center was also confirmed by the prolonged lifetime by replacing Os(II) with Ru(II) that possesses a smaller spin-orbit coupling constant. These results indicate the importance of ligand structures that give a minimum heavy-atom effect as well as the sufficient energy gap among the excited states and fast IMET for elongating the triplet excited-state lifetime without sacrificing the excitation energy.
本文言語英語
ページ（範囲）5982-5990
ページ数9
ジャーナルInorganic chemistry
61
16
DOI
出版ステータス出版済み - 4月 25 2022
!!!All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
• 物理化学および理論化学
• 無機化学
フィンガープリント
「Osmium Complex-Chromophore Conjugates with Both Singlet-to-Triplet Absorption and Long Triplet Lifetime through Tuning of the Heavy-Atom Effect」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
引用スタイル | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
colistin
Noun
* 1) A polymixin antibiotic effective against a range of gram-negative bacteria, sometimes considered a last-resort antibiotic.
* 2) * 2016, "The superbug that doctors have been dreading just reached the U.S.", Washington Post, Lena H. Sun and Brady Dennis, May 26
* It's the first time this colistin-resistant strain has been found in a person in the United States.
Coordinate terms
* /mcr-1 a bacterial gene conferring resistance to colistin and polymyxins | WIKI |
Hesburgh (film)
Hesburgh is a 2018 American documentary film directed by Patrick Creadon. The film follows the life of Fr. Theodore Hesburgh, President of the University of Notre Dame from 1952 through 1987, particularly during his time working on the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. The film is drawn from archival footage, as well as interviews with family, colleagues at Notre Dame, politicians, journalists, and historians. Maurice LaMarche provides the voice of Hesburgh, narrating the documentary with words drawn from Hesburgh's writings and tapes.
Hesburgh premiered at the 2018 AFI Docs film festival, and was widely distributed theatrically in 2019. The film received positive reviews from most critics, including those of The New York Times, The Washington Post, and the Los Angeles Times.
Synopsis
Along with archival footage, Hesburgh consists of dozens of interviews with friends and family members as well as prominent figures such as Speaker of the US House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi, former chair of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Mary Frances Berry, former U.S. Senator Alan K. Simpson, journalist Ted Koppel, former Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta, and university presidents Fr. Edward Malloy and Fr. John I. Jenkins.
The film begins with Hesburgh's early life, showing that he had felt called to the priesthood from the age of six. He wanted to be a military chaplain after being ordained a priest in 1943, but instead he was sent to get his doctorate and return to Notre Dame to teach and serve as a chaplain to returning World War II veterans on campus. In 1952, he was appointed president of the university at the age of 35.
Much of the documentary focuses on Hesburgh's tenure as president and his work both on and off campus. His 35 years in office saw Notre Dame's enrollment, faculty, and endowment increase dramatically as he transformed the school previously known only for its football team into a prestigious, coeducational academic institution.
President Dwight D. Eisenhower named him to the National Science Board in 1954, and he was the Vatican City's representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency. At conferences, delegates from the United States and the Soviet Union did not want to speak with each other, but they trusted Hesburgh, and he became friends with both sides and tried to bridge the divide in an effort to defuse the nuclear arms race.
Hesburgh details a number of examples of his commitment to freedom of expression. Several times he was chastised by Catholic Church leadership at the Vatican for these views; he refused Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani's demand to censor an essay by John Courtney Murray on freedom of religion, and in 1967 he led the International Federation of Catholic Universities in publishing the Land O' Lakes statement saying Catholic universities should be free from the Church's authority.
In 1956, he was named to the US Commission on Civil Rights, which researched racial inequality in the South facilitated by Jim Crow laws. The committee spent two years gathering information despite stiff opposition from local leaders like George Wallace, but when it was time to write a report, the commission, which included both African Americans and segregationists, disagreed on the contents. Again, Hesburgh used his ability to build bridges between adversaries; he invited the members to Land O' Lakes, Wisconsin, where they fished and bonded as friends, soon afterwards finishing a report recommending strong civil rights legislation. The film continues to follow Hesburgh's involvement in civil rights through the next few presidential administrations; it says he was disappointed by John F. Kennedy's politically motivated sluggishness on legislation but impressed by Lyndon B. Johnson's savvy that led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
In the late 1960s, he caused controversy by taking a hard-line stance against student protests against the Vietnam War at Notre Dame with a policy that would suspend or expel students if they didn't disperse a disruptive protest within 15 minutes. This led president Richard Nixon to see Hesburgh as a pro-war loyal ally and appoint him chair of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. However, sparked by the Kent State shootings, Hesburgh eventually became more vocally opposed to the war. The commission published a report critical of Nixon's enforcement of the Civil Rights Act in 1972, and the president removed Hesburgh soon after.
The documentary then shows Hesburgh's active post-presidency life, including when he helped welcome president Barack Obama to campus in 2009 and defended the controversial invitation. It ends with his final days, death, and funeral in 2015.
The film highlights Hesburgh's close friendship with a number of influential people. He had a relationship with all the popes of his time, but he was personal friends with Pope Paul VI, who he asked to help release captured journalist and Notre Dame alumnus Robert Sam Anson during the Vietnam War. Margo Howard is interviewed and details Hesburgh's long standing friendship with her mother Eppie Lederer, the writer of advice column Ask Ann Landers.
Production and release
Director Patrick Creadon attended Notre Dame during the last years of Hesburgh's presidency, graduating in 1989, and was aware of his prestige. "But being a documentary filmmaker, I always have a little bit of a skeptical eye," Creadon said. "And I really wanted to see for myself if his work really lived up to his reputation. And it did." He also said he wanted the film to serve as a reminder of what good leadership looks like, as well as to preserve Hesburgh's legacy after he was no longer on the world stage: "I realized that his story was just going to fade away," he said. "Certainly not within the Notre Dame community, but outside the Notre Dame community people were quickly forgetting who he was and what he meant."
The production team did extensive research, referencing newspaper articles, personal letters, and film footage to make the documentary, although Creadon said he avoided reading Hesburgh's autobiography, God, Country, Notre Dame, which helped him maintain an objective perspective. Voice actor Maurice LaMarche provided the first-person narration, drawn from Hesburgh's writings and interviews.
Creadon said that the filmmakers were worried that the film would struggle to find an audience outside of a Notre Dame audience, but they were encouraged by a sold-out Washington, D.C. premiere at AFI Docs in June, 2018. The film was released on April 26, 2019, in Chicago and South Bend, Indiana.
Critical reception
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Hesburgh has approval rating over reviews, with an average rating of. On Metacritic, the film has an weighted average score of 83 out of 100 based on five reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".
Writing for The New York Times, Glenn Kenny praised Hesburgh as "consistently smart about its subject" and noted it would be a welcome respite for Catholics to see a film about a "genuinely heroic"—not scandal-ridden—priest. Michael Rechtshaffen also offered a positive review in the Los Angeles Times, calling the film "informational as it is inspirational" and "thoroughly engaging". The Washington Post's Ann Hornaday praised what she called a "moving, illuminating slice of American life and social history" but asked if Hesburgh was too good to be true and noted that the film did not discuss the Catholic Church sexual abuse cases. Michael Sean Winters wrote a review for the National Catholic Reporter calling Hesburgh "extraordinary", although he stated some of the commentary was "uneven".
In The Hollywood Reporter, John DeFore was more critical of the film's lack of criticism of its title figure—calling it a borderline hagiography—and wrote that "it doesn't necessarily convince those of us who don't know the man that we needed to see a doc about him". Tom Long, in a review for The Detroit News, also said that the film is too one-sided in its praise for the title figure and "offers little insight into whatever battles—internal or external—Hesburgh must have fought". | WIKI |
James Stewart Company v. Sadrakula/Opinion of the Court
This is an appeal from a final judgment of the Supreme Court of New York awarding damages for accidental death. As a statute of the state necessarily was sustained against a contention that its application to these circumstances violated the provisions of the Constitution as to the exclusive authority of the United States over a post-office site purchased with the consent of New York, this Court has jurisdiction under Section 237(a) of the Judicial Code, 28 U.S.C.A. § 344(a), and the Act of January 31, 1928, 28 U.S.C.A. §§ 861a, 861b.
The issue of law involved is whether an existing provision of a state statute requiring the protection of places of work in the manner specified in the statute remains effective as a statute of the United States applicable to the particular parcel after the federal government acquires exclusive jurisdiction of a parcel of realty on which work is being done.
The decedent, an employee of a rigging company, a sub-contractor engaged in the construction of the New York post office, fell from an unplanked tier of steel beams down a bay and was killed. In an action of tort against the general contractor, his administratrix narrowed the scope of the charges of negligence until violation of the quoted sub-section of the Labor Law only was alleged. The trial court found that the proximate cause of the accident was the negligent failure to plank the beams as required by the statute. The Appellate Division affirmed on the ground that the Labor Law provision continued effective over the post-office site after the transfer of sovereignty, and the Court of Appeals by an order of remittitur also affirmed on the same ground with a statement that in its affirmance it necessarily passed upon the validity and applicability of Section 241(4) of the Labor Law under Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. 280 N.Y. 651, 20 N.E.2d 1015; 280 N.Y. 730, 21 N.E.2d 217.
The language of the Court of Appeals and the record show indubitably that a determinative federal question was decided. The conclusion as to the continued vitality of existing state statutory regulations in the protection of workmen in ceded federal areas makes it substantial. The motions to dismiss or affirm the appeal are denied.
If the quoted provision of the Labor Law is operative even though exclusive jurisdiction had already vested in the United States, it is unnecessary to determine whether exclusive jurisdiction had actually passed to the United States. The state courts assumed that federal sovereignty was complete through consent by the state and we make the same assumption. Does the acceptance of sovereignty by the United States have the effect of displacing this sub-section of the New York Labor Law? We think it did not. The sub-section continues as a part of the laws of the federal territory.
It is now settled that the jurisdiction acquired from a state by the United States whether by consent to the purchase or by cession may be qualified in accordance with agreements reached by the respective governments. The Constitution does not command that every vestige of the laws of the former sovereignty must vanish. On the contrary its language has long been interpreted so as to permit the continuance until abrogated of those rules existing at the time of the surrender of sovereignty which govern the rights of the occupants of the territory transferred. This assures that no area however small will be left without a developed legal system for private rights. In Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad v. McGlinn, supra, a Kansas statute relating to recovery against a railroad for the injury to livestock on its right of way existed at the time of the cession to the United States of exclusive jurisdiction over Fort Leavenworth Military Reservation. It was held that the was carried over into the law covering the Reservation. Conversely, in Arlington Hotel Company v. Fant, supra, an Arkansas statute relieving innkeepers, passed after cession of Hot Springs Reservation, was held unavailing as a defense to a Reservation innkeeper's common-law liability in accordance with Arkansas law before the cession. Such holdings assimilate the laws of the federal territory, where the Congress has not legislated otherwise, to the laws of the surrounding state.
The Congress has recognized in certain instances the desirability of such similarity between the municipal laws of the state and those of the federal parcel. Since only the law in effect at the time of the transfer of jurisdiction continues in force, future statutes of the state are not a part of the body of laws in the ceded area. Congressional action is necessary to keep it current. Consequently as defects become apparent legislation is enacted covering certain phases. This occurred as to rights of action for accidental death by negligence or wrongful act. After this statute was held inapplicable to claims under state workmen's compensation acts further legislation undertook to extend the provisions of those acts to the places under federal sovereignty. With growing frequency the federal government leaves largely unimpaired the civil and criminal authority of the state over national reservations or properties. While exclusive federal jurisdiction attaches, state courts are without power to punish for crimes committed on federal property. This has made necessary the legislation which gives federal courts jurisdiction over these crimes. The tendency toward a uniformity between the federal and surrounding state territory has caused a series of congressional acts adopting the state criminal laws. Through these concessions our dual system of government works cooperatively towards harmonious adjustment.
It is urged that the provisions of the Labor Law contain numerous administrative and other provisions which cannot be relevant to the federal territory. The Labor Law does have a number of articles. Obviously much of their language is directed at situations that cannot arise in the territory. With the domestication in the excised area of the entire applicable body of state municipal law much of the state law must necessarily be inappropriate. Some sections authorize quasi-judicial proceedings or administrative action and may well have no validity in the federal area. It is not a question here of the exercise of state administrative authority in federal territory. We do not agree, however, that because the Labor Law is not applicable as a whole, it follows that none of its sections are. We have held in Collins v. Yosemite Park & Curry Co. that the sections of a California statute which levied excises on sales of liquor in Yosemite National Park were enforceable in the Park, while sections of the same statute providing regulation of the Park liquor traffic through licenses were unenforceable.
But the authority of state laws or their administration may not interfere with the carrying out of a national purpose. Where enforcement of the state law would handicap efforts to carry out the plans of the United States, the state enactment must, of course, give way.
May it be said that the continued application of Section 241(4) of the Labor Law will interfere with the construction of the building upon this site? This is like other squares in the city. There are, of course, differentiations because of its ownership, but ownership as such has nothing to do with the safety requirements. It is true that it is possible that the safety requirement of boarding over the steel tiers may slightly increase the cost of construction to the government, but such an increase is not significant in the determination of the applicability of the New York statute. In answer to the argument that a similar increased cost from taxation would 'make it difficult or impossible' for the government to obtain the service it needs, we said in James v. Dravo Contracting Co. that such a contention 'ignores the power of Congress to protect the performance of the functions of the national government and to prevent interference therewith through any attempted state action.' Such a safety requirement is akin to the safety provisions of Maryland law which in Baltimore & Annapolis Railroad v. Lichtenberg were held applicable to trucks of an independent contractor transporting government employees under a contract with the United States.
Finally the point is made that a provision requiring boarding over of open steel tiers in a direct interference with the government. This is said to follow from the fact that the contract for the construction of the post office is an instrumentality of the federal government. As a corollary to this argument, error is assigned to the refusal of the trial court to admit in evidence a clause of the contract between the United States and the appellant reading, 'State or Municipal Building Regulations do not apply to work inside the Government's lot lines.' While, of course, in a sense the contract is the means by which the United States secures the construction of its post office, certainly the contractor in this independent operation does not share any governmental immunity. Nor do we think there was error in refusing to admit the clause of the contract as to building regulations. The quoted sentence is in a section of the contract relating to 'licenses, permits, etc.' We are of the opinion that it is intended to relieve the contractor from provisions as to types of material, fire hazards and the like, which are covered by the New York City Building Code.
Such a safety regulation as Section 241(4) of the New York Labor Law provides is effective in the federal area, until such time as the Congress may otherwise provide.
Affirmed. | WIKI |
Johnson Covered Bridge No. 28
The Johnson Covered Bridge No. 28 is an historic, American, wooden covered bridge that is located in Cleveland Township in Columbia County, Pennsylvania.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
History and architectural features
It is a 60.8 ft, Warren Truss bridge with a metal roof. Erected in 1882, it crosses Mugser Run, and is one of twenty-eight historic covered bridges in Columbia and Montour Counties.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. | WIKI |
Beneath the Lies – The Series
Beneath The Lies (also known as Beneath The Lies – The Series or just Beneath The Lies Series) is a Ugandan television drama-mystery series created by Nana Kagga Macpherson and starring Flavia Tumusiime, Natasha Sinayobye, Gaetano Kagwa, Hellen Lukoma, Rabadaba, Deedan Muyira, Cedric Babu Ndilima, Patrick Salvado Idringi and Susan Naava as regular cast members. The series was directed by Joseph Kitsha Kyasi and Tosh Gitonga. It was originally produced by Savannah MOON Productions, and Kinetic Media Group before all production was taken over by 40Plus Productions, a production house co-owned by Nana Kagga and Cedric Babu Ndilima. It airs on Sundays at 9:30 p.m. EAT, on New Vision Group's Urban TV Uganda.
In December 2016, the series was nominated for Best Television Series at Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCAs).
Plot
Within the city of Kampala, lies a seedy underbelly of blackmail, drug trafficking, child prostitution and exploitation of women run by an unknown racket. When the lies beneath each relationship are exposed and loyalties are tested, only death and chaos can ensue.
Production
The first two episodes of the series were produced by Savannah MOON Productions in conjunction with Kinetic Management group and all the episodes were shot at different locations in Kampala. 40 Plus Productions took over the series production in 2016 starting with the third episode of the first season and at the same time MTN Uganda took over digital marketing for the TV Series. The series is the brains of Nana Kagga, a former TV presenter and actress, remembered for her roles in A Good Day to Be Black & Sexy, Star Trek and featuring in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. The series ran for 30 minutes an episode on the 10:30 – 11 p.m. Urban TV time slot weekdays and repeated on Sundays before its hiatus.
Theft and series hiatus
In December 2014, all pre-recorded material and equipment for episodes 3–12 of season one were stolen from storage during the end of shoot wrap party. This brought the show to a very sudden hiatus after re-airing the first and second episode.
Re-release
After the theft of BTL footage, re-shooting of the show began in January 2015. Shooting started in early 2016 with mostly a new crew consisting predominantly of Ugandans. Beneath The Lies was re-released on 31 July 2016 on Urban TV Uganda under 40 Plus Productions and MTN Uganda as its digital distributor. The show aired four more episodes after the re-release with the last episode airing on 4 September 2016, making a total of six episodes and marking the premature end of the series.
Cast
* Flavia Tumusiime as Kamali Tenywa
* Cedric Babu Ndilima as Mr. Stephen Amaru, Kamali's ex-husband, a powerful lawyer in Kampala. Many of the rich people are at his mercy; he safeguards their secrets.
* Natasha Sinayobye as Kaitesi Munyana, Kamali's sister
* Gaetano Kagwa as Abe Sakku, head of Mr. Amaru's security personnel
* Rabadaba as Simon/Suna Kintu, ashrewd businessman
* Hellen Lukoma as Hellen Mutungi, Mr. Stephen Amaru's secretary and former mistress
* Deedan Muyira as Tracy Kintu, Suna's wife
* Daniel Omara – Paul Mukasa, part of Amaru's security team
* Susan Naava – Ali, hitwoman for hire and minder
* Patrick Salvado Idringi as Kizito Semwanga, corrupt official
* Isaac Kuddzu – Tendo Amaru, Stephen Amaru's brother
* Marie Corrazon – Sarafina, Suna's step sister
* Alma Sophia Nagayi as Young Kamali
* Chloe Kirabo as Young Keitesi
* Michael Wawuyo Jr. as Shaban, IT specialist, computer hacker
* Mutebi Andrew Elvis- Officer Mande
* Muheesi Baraba as David, works for Suna
* Patrick Nkakalukanyi as Katumba, works for Kizito
* Eleanor Nabwiso as the Kintu’s helper
* Vince Musisi as Ojok as works for Kizito
* Nikita Gossai as Nantale, Kizito’s wife
* Elizabeth Bwamimpeke as Mama Kamali
* Nana Kagga as Attorney General
* Whitney Grace Najjuko as News reader
* Doreen Mirembe as Mariam | WIKI |
M3U8 to M3U converter
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M3U is a text that points media players to the video or sound location and can work on any text editor. However, you cannot open it by a media player, on iPhone, iPad, iPod, QuickTime, MP3 players, Android telephones, tablets, Smart TV, PSP, Xbox, and so on. To play M3U on iPhone, iPod, Android, and so forth, you need to convert the M3U over to the typically utilized formats such as MP3, WMA, WAV, FLAC, AAC, OGG, and so on. To convert m3u to m3u8, MP3, WAV, and so forth, you will require an expert m3u to m3u8 converter. This feature will walk you through some of the best m3u converters to help you convert m3u files to m3u8 or any desired format.
What is m3u8 file?
An M3U8 file is a playlist file utilized by different sound and video playback programs. It contains a path or URL to a media file or folder of media files, with data about the playlist. M3U8 files utilize similar formatting as .M3U files, though the text information stored in M3U files uses UTF-8 character encoding.
What is m3u file?
An M3U file is an Audio Playlist file that stands for MP3 URL, and as such, it is not the actual audio File all by itself. An M3U file points to sound (and sometimes video) files so that a media player can queue them for playback. These text-based files can contain URLs and absolute or relative path-names to the media files or folders. M3U files that are UTF-8 encoded instead get saved in the M3U8 file format.
Why does man wants to convert m3u8 to m3u or m3u to m3u8?
M3U8 shouldn’t sound strange to most of you. It is a plain text file on your PC, and you can open or edit it with a text editor. On the other hand, M3U8 files are the actual pathways or URL referring to specific media files or folders. You can't play such files with the primary media player on your PC, iPhone, Android, and so on. For playing M3U8 files on any device, you need the M3U8 converter.
Part 1. Online way to convert m3u8 to m3u
AnyConv
When it comes to converting M3U to M3U8 files, there are several ways to go about it, like using an m3u to m3u8 converter online. One such tool that does the job well and can also convert to many other different file formats is the AnyConv M3U8 converter. It is a sturdy, free online tool that is also very easy to use.
URL - https://anyconv.com/m3u8-converter/
How to convert m3u8 to m3u with AnyConv?
1. Select the files to convert or drag and drop them on the converter.
2. After uploading the File, click on the "Convert" button to start converting.
3. Once the conversion is over, proceed to download the converted File.
Part 2. Free way to convert m3u to m3u8
Converting m3u8 to m3u and vice versa can be done in some other different ways. The first mentioned was the m3u to m3u8 converter online method. As mentioned earlier, you can play such files on individual media players, like the Window Media Player, or edit or manually create using a text editor, thus converting the m3u to m3u8 files easier. That means you can also use a media player or a text editor to convert the files. One such media player regularly used on most PC and cherished by many is the VLC. Learn how to use it to convert m3u to m3u8 and vice versa.
VLC Media Player
VLC is an adaptable M3U player that works Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, and other operating systems. It can play any video and sound, even stream audio and video online. Aside from M3U, it likewise supports playlist file types, like M3U8, PLS, XSPF, WVX, CONF, ASX, IFO, CUE, and others.
How to convert m3u to m3u8 using VLC Media Player?
Step 1: Open your M3U File utilizing a text editor.
Step 2: Copy the URL of the playlist.
Step 3: Open VLC Media Player on your PC.
Step 4: Click the “Media” tab and select “Open Network Stream.”
Step 5: Select “Network,” paste the replicated URL from where the following window pop up, click “Play.”
Part 3. Desktop way to convert m3u8 to m3u or m3u to m3u8
MusConv is an exceptionally nifty application that indeed proves to be useful for anybody hoping to import or export playlists to streaming services. MusConv works well as an m3u8 to m3u converter and vice versa. It is a desktop converter trusted by many and is powerful, and has a clear and straightforward interface.
URL - https://musconv.com/m3u8-to-m3u/
Pros:
• Easily transfer music playlists across different music streaming platforms.
• Great looking interface and straightforward functionality.
• Simple to use.
Cons:
• Batch playlist importing.
• Erasing duplicate tracks in your playlists.
• Apple Music isn't supported.
Part 4. All-in-one Video Converter
M3U to M3U8 converters are hard to find because it is the video player's information that automatically converts the File to play videos. That is why individual media players are so good at playing almost all media formats thrown at it. With other media players, you may end up getting an error message such as missing codec. Thus, the video can't play. Well, not to worry, this is a fairly common occurrence, and a sure way to overcome this will be through the use of a video converter.
Aicoosoft Video Converter
Using Aicoosoft Video Converter, you can convert the M3U8 file to MP4, m3u or any desired format as Aicoosoft supports 1000+ video/audio formats. You can even download and record videos in the format you want as Aicoosoft comprises an in-built downloader and screen recorder. If you are concerned about quality and fastness, files get processed at a 30X faster speed. To play media files with the M3U or M3U8 format, use the Aicoosoft Video Converter to convert to the playable format or convert to either format easily.
Features
• Need to edit your videos effectively? Aicoosoft has an all-in-one video editor toolbox with attractive options like trim, merge, crop, subtitles, watermark, and a lot more.
• Convert any video or audio to 1000+ formats super-fast in just one-click without losing quality.
• Convert your videos from any platform or a device like a smartphone, camera, drone, monitor unit, and PC.
• Aicoosoft uses AI technology responsible for the lossless conversion, faster operation, optimization, and powerful features.
Conclusion
M3U files (MP3 audio playlists) are specially formatted text files, and as such, you can't merely utilize any text file and convert it to m3u. You need to save it in an appropriate syntax for .m3u playlists. However, you can manually make them with any text editor. Most users make playlists directly from media players using the save playlist function, which is standard in present-day players. When it comes to converting m3u to m3u8 and vice versa, there are not many tools to effectively get the job done. Some online converters don't support such file types, while specific desktop programs may crash when converting such files. Above is the best m3u8 to m3u converter online tool, a few great alternatives, and the best desktop tool called Aicoosoft to help you convert the m3u and m3u8 files easily.
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Cron Job Starts | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
PDA
View Full Version : Denying Access to CSS ~FTP Help
jonny1990
04-19-2011, 05:31 PM
Hi guys, i've seen websites around where if i go into the source code, and in mozilla you can click straight through to the CSS, something disables this and says you are not allowed to view this CSS.
How would i do this??
jonny1990
Wojjie
04-19-2011, 05:35 PM
Could be one of two things, either it checks the referral (risky), or you are talking about it blocking you from right clicking the page and going to view source, which you can get around that.
The right click thing is a simple javascript code that some websites use, but typically it looks 'cheap'.
Really, you shouldn't be trying to hide anything, cause its not possible to truly hide it. If the browser can read it and get it, then a user can as well.
_Aerospace_Eng_
04-20-2011, 02:31 AM
Hi guys, i've seen websites around where if i go into the source code, and in mozilla you can click straight through to the CSS, something disables this and says you are not allowed to view this CSS.
How would i do this??
jonny1990
Post the websites you've seen and we will tell you what they are doing. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Non-targeted metabolomics combined with genetic analyses identifies bile acid synthesis and phospholipid metabolism as being associated with incident type 2 diabetes.
Diabetologia
PubMedID: 27406814
Fall T, Salihovic S, Brandmaier S, Nowak C, Ganna A, Gustafsson S, Broeckling CD, Prenni JE, Kastenmüller G, Peters A, Magnusson PK, Wang-Sattler R, Giedraitis V, Berne C, Gieger C, Pedersen NL, Ingelsson E, Lind L. Non-targeted metabolomics combined with genetic analyses identifies bile acid synthesis and phospholipid metabolism as being associated with incident type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2016;.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS
Identification of novel biomarkers for type 2 diabetes and their genetic determinants could lead to improved understanding of causal pathways and improve risk prediction.
METHODS
In this study, we used data from non-targeted metabolomics performed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in three Swedish cohorts (Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men [ULSAM], n?=?1138; Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors [PIVUS], n?=?970; TwinGene, n?=?1630). Metabolites associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or prevalent type 2 diabetes were assessed for associations with incident type 2 diabetes in the three cohorts followed by replication attempts in the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4 cohort (n?=?855). Assessment of the association of metabolite-regulating genetic variants with type 2 diabetes was done using data from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.
RESULTS
Out of 5961 investigated metabolic features, 1120 were associated with prevalent type 2 diabetes and IFG and 70 were annotated to metabolites and replicated in the three cohorts. Fifteen metabolites were associated with incident type 2 diabetes in the four cohorts combined (358 events) following adjustment for age, sex, BMI, waist circumference and fasting glucose. Novel findings included associations of higher values of the bile acid deoxycholic acid and monoacylglyceride 18:2 and lower concentrations of cortisol with type 2 diabetes risk. However, adding metabolites to an existing risk score improved model fit only marginally. A genetic variant within the CYP7A1 locus, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis, was found to be associated with lower concentrations of deoxycholic acid, higher concentrations of LDL-cholesterol and lower type 2 diabetes risk. Variants in or near SGPP1, GCKR and FADS1/2 were associated with diabetes-associated phospholipids and type 2 diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION
We found evidence that the metabolism of bile acids and phospholipids shares some common genetic origin with type 2 diabetes.
ACCESS TO RESEARCH MATERIALS
Metabolomics data have been deposited in the Metabolights database, with accession numbers MTBLS93 (TwinGene), MTBLS124 (ULSAM) and MTBLS90 (PIVUS). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Bachchu
Bachchu is a surname. It may refer to:
* Ayub Bachchu (1962–2018), Bangladeshi rock guitarist, composer and singer-songwriter, who was the founder of the Bangladeshi rock band LRB
* Bachchu Singh, Indian politician and a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
* Nazmul Huda Bachchu (1938–2017), Bangladeshi film and television actor
* Rawshan Ara Bachchu (1932–2019), Bangladeshi activist
* Sadek Bachchu (born 1955), Bangladeshi film actor | WIKI |
User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hydroxocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin, also known as vitamin B12a and hydroxycobalamin, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia. Other uses include treatment for cyanide poisoning, Leber's optic atrophy, and toxic amblyopia. It is given by injection into a muscle or vein.
Side effects are generally few. They may include diarrhea, low blood potassium, allergic reactions, and high blood pressure. Normal doses are considered safe in pregnancy. Hydroxocobalamin is the natural form of vitamin B12 and a member of the cobalamin family of compounds. Hydroxocobalamin, or another form of vitamin B12, are required for the body to make DNA.
Hydroxocobalamin was first isolated in 1949. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Hydroxocobalamin is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.12 to US$0.84 per dose (1 ml with 1 mg/ml concentration). In the United States the same amount costs about US$0.84 wholesale. Commercially it is made using one of a number of types of bacteria. | WIKI |
Page:Thotharomance00nichgoog.djvu/112
Rh and prepared to pay him most implicit obedience, and his knowledge both of men and things was so great that he could exact any obedience.
"He determined to found a new state entirely according to reason. The government was to be entirely in the hands of the wisest man, and this wisest man was to be first-born of this new royal race. For Thoth the first, as he is called of us, forced the woman who deceived him to become the mother of his children. And he believed, through the secrets which he had wrested from nature, that, by the careful choice of a mother, he could combine for the future the right by birth with the right by power and wisdom.
"It is this careful choice according to types which has provided this city with dwarfs and giants, and with workers of all kinds, with aptitudes for peculiar forms of art or science. | WIKI |
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