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0000320193
20100125
10-K/A
109
Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
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110
Actual results may differ from these estimates and such differences may be material.
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10-K/A
111
Management believes the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates are those related to revenue recognition, valuation of marketable securities, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation and inventory purchase commitments, warranty costs, income taxes, and legal and other contingencies.
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Management considers these policies critical because they are both important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and operating results, and they require management to make judgments and estimates about inherently uncertain matters.
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The Company’s senior management has reviewed these critical accounting policies and related disclosures with the Audit and Finance Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors.
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10-K/A
114
Revenue Recognition Net sales consist primarily of revenue from the sale of hardware, software, digital content and applications, peripherals, and service and support contracts.
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115
The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collection is probable.
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Product is considered delivered to the customer once it has been shipped and title and risk of loss have been transferred.
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117
For most of the Company’s product sales, these criteria are met at the time the product is shipped.
0001193125-10-012091/full-submission.txt
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10-K/A
118
For online sales to individuals, for some sales to education customers in the U.S., and for certain other sales, the Company defers recognition of revenue until the customer receives the product because the Company retains a portion of the risk of loss on these sales during transit.
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20100125
10-K/A
119
The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of hardware products (e.g., Mac computers, iPhones, iPods and peripherals), software bundled with hardware that is essential to the functionality of the hardware, and third-party digital content sold on the iTunes Store in accordance with general revenue recognition accounti...
0001193125-10-012091/full-submission.txt
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120
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with industry specific software accounting guidance for the following types of sales transactions: (i) standalone sales of software products, (ii) sales of software upgrades and (iii) sales of software bundled with hardware not essential to the functionality of the hardware.
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10-K/A
121
For multi-element arrangements that include tangible products containing software essential to the tangible product’s functionality and undelivered software elements relating to the tangible product’s essential software, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices.
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122
In such circumstances, the new accounting principles establish a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to deliverables as follows: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (“VSOE”), (ii) third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”) and (iii) best estimate of the selling...
0001193125-10-012091/full-submission.txt
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123
For iPhone, the Company indicated it might from time-to-time provide future unspecified software upgrades and features free of charge to customers.
0001193125-10-012091/full-submission.txt
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124
The Company has identified two deliverables generally contained in arrangements involving the sale of iPhone.
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The first deliverable is the hardware and software essential to the functionality of the hardware device delivered at the time of sale, and the second deliverable is the right included with the purchase of iPhone to receive on a when-and-if-available basis future unspecified software upgrades and features relating to t...
0001193125-10-012091/full-submission.txt
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The Company has allocated revenue between these two deliverables using the relative selling price method.
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127
Because the Company has neither VSOE nor TPE for the two deliverables, the allocation of revenue has been based on the Company’s ESPs.
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Amounts allocated to the delivered hardware and the related essential software are recognized at the time of sale provided the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met.
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Amounts allocated to the unspecified software upgrade rights are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the 24-month estimated life of the related hardware.
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All product cost of sales, including estimated warranty costs, are generally recognized at the time of sale.
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131
Costs for engineering and sales and marketing are expensed as incurred.
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If the estimated life of the hardware product should change, the future rate of amortization of the revenue allocated to the software upgrade right will also change.
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For all periods presented, the Company’s ESP for the software upgrade right included with each iPhone sold is $25.
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The Company’s process for determining its ESP for deliverables without VSOE or TPE involves management’s judgment.
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The Company’s process considers multiple factors that may vary depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each deliverable.
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The Company believes its customers, particularly consumers, would be reluctant to buy unspecified software upgrade rights related to iPhone.
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This view is primarily based on the fact that upgrade rights do not obligate the Company to provide upgrades at a particular time or at all, and do not specify to customers which upgrades or features will be delivered in the future.
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Therefore, the Company has concluded if it were to sell upgrade rights on a standalone basis, such as those included with iPhone, the selling price would be relatively low.
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139
Key factors considered by the Company in developing the ESPs for iPhone upgrade rights include prices charged by the Company for similar offerings, the Company’s historical pricing practices, the nature of the upgrade rights (e.g., unspecified and when-and-if-available), and the relative ESP of the upgrade rights as co...
0001193125-10-012091/full-submission.txt
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If the facts and circumstances underlying the factors considered change or should future facts and circumstances lead the Company to consider additional factors, the Company’s ESP for software upgrades related to future iPhone sales could change in future periods.
0001193125-10-012091/full-submission.txt
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141
If the Company’s ESP for the unspecified software upgrade rights related to iPhone had been $5 or 20% higher or lower, the Company’s net sales for the year ended September 26, 2009 would have decreased or increased by $50 million as compared to the Company’s net sales of $42.9 billion.
0001193125-10-012091/full-submission.txt
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142
The Company records reductions to revenue for estimated commitments related to price protection and for customer incentive programs, including reseller and end-user rebates, and other sales programs and volume-based incentives.
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For transactions involving price protection, the Company recognizes revenue net of the estimated amount to be refunded, provided the refund amount can be reasonably and reliably estimated and the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met.
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The Company’s policy requires that, if refunds cannot be reliably estimated, revenue is not recognized until reliable estimates can be made or the price protection lapses.
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For customer incentive programs, the estimated cost of these programs is recognized at the later of the date at which the Company has sold the product or the date at which the program is offered.
0001193125-10-012091/full-submission.txt
0000320193
20100125
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146
The Company also records reductions to revenue for expected future product returns based on the Company’s historical experience.
0001193125-10-012091/full-submission.txt
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147
Future market conditions and product transitions may require the Company to increase customer incentive programs and incur incremental price protection obligations that could result in additional reductions to revenue at the time such programs are offered.
0001193125-10-012091/full-submission.txt
0000320193
20100125
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148
Additionally, certain customer incentive programs require management to estimate the number of customers who will actually redeem the incentive.
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149
Management’s estimates are based on historical experience and the specific terms and conditions of particular incentive programs.
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If a greater than estimated proportion of customers redeem such incentives, the Company would be required to record additional reductions to revenue, which would have a negative impact on the Company’s results of operations.
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151
Valuation and Impairment of Marketable Securities The Company’s investments in available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value.
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152
Unrealized gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of investments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, as reported in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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153
Changes in the fair value of investments impact the Company’s net income only when such investments are sold or an other-than-temporary impairment is recognized.
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154
Realized gains and losses on the sale of securities are determined by specific identification of each security’s cost basis.
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155
The Company regularly reviews its investment portfolio to determine if any investment is other-than-temporarily impaired due to changes in credit risk or other potential valuation concerns, which would require the Company to record an impairment charge in the period any such determination is made.
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0000320193
20100125
10-K/A
156
In making this judgment, the Company evaluates, among other things, the duration and extent to which the fair value of an investment is less than its cost, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, and the Company’s intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not it will be required to sell, ...
0001193125-10-012091/full-submission.txt
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157
The Company’s assessment on whether an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired or not, could change in the future due to new developments or changes in assumptions related to any particular investment.
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158
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company distributes its products through third-party distributors, cellular network carriers, and resellers and directly to certain education, consumer, and enterprise customers.
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159
The Company generally does not require collateral from its customers; however, the Company will require collateral in certain instances to limit credit risk.
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10-K/A
160
In addition, when possible the Company does attempt to limit credit risk on trade receivables with credit insurance for certain customers in Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Australia, or by requiring third-party financing, loans or leases to support credit exposure.
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These credit-financing arrangements are directly between the third-party financing company and the end customer.
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162
As such, the Company generally does not assume any recourse or credit-risk-sharing related to any of these arrangements.
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163
However, considerable trade receivables that are not covered by collateral, third-party financing arrangements, or credit insurance are outstanding with the Company’s distribution and retail channel partners.
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The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on management’s assessment of the ability to collect specific customer accounts and includes consideration of the credit-worthiness and financial condition of those specific customers.
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The Company records an allowance to reduce the specific receivables to the amount that it reasonably believes to be collectible.
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166
The Company also records an allowance for all other trade receivables based on multiple factors, including historical experience with bad debts, the general economic environment, the financial condition of the Company’s distribution channels, and the aging of such receivables.
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167
If there is a deterioration of a major customer’s financial condition, if the Company becomes aware of additional information related to the credit-worthiness of a major customer, or if future actual default rates on trade receivables in general differ from those currently anticipated, the Company may have to adjust it...
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168
Inventory Valuation and Inventory Purchase Commitments The Company must order components for its products and build inventory in advance of product shipments.
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169
The Company records a write-down for inventories of components and products, including third-party products held for resale, which have become obsolete or are in excess of anticipated demand or net realizable value.
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170
The Company performs a detailed review of inventory each fiscal quarter that considers multiple factors including demand forecasts, product life cycle status, product development plans, current sales levels, and component cost trends.
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The personal computer, mobile communications and consumer electronics industries are subject to a rapid and unpredictable pace of product and component obsolescence and demand changes.
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If future demand or market conditions for the Company’s products are less favorable than forecasted or if unforeseen technological changes negatively impact the utility of component inventory, the Company may be required to record additional write-downs, which would negatively affect its results of operations in the pe...
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The Company records accruals for estimated cancellation fees related to component orders that have been cancelled or are expected to be cancelled.
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Consistent with industry practice, the Company acquires components through a combination of purchase orders, supplier contracts, and open orders based on projected demand information.
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These commitments typically cover the Company’s requirements for periods ranging from 30 to 150 days.
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If there is an abrupt and substantial decline in demand for one or more of the Company’s products or an unanticipated change in technological requirements for any of the Company’s products, the Company may be required to record additional accruals for cancellation fees that would negatively affect its results of operat...
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Warranty Costs The Company provides for the estimated cost of hardware and software warranties at the time the related revenue is recognized based on historical and projected warranty claim rates, historical and projected cost-per-claim, and knowledge of specific product failures that are outside of the Company’s typic...
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Each quarter, the Company reevaluates its estimates to assess the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities considering the size of the installed base of products subject to warranty protection and adjusts the amounts as necessary.
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If actual product failure rates or repair costs differ from estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required and could materially affect the Company’s results of operations.
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The Company periodically provides updates to its applications and operating system software to maintain the software’s compliance with specifications.
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The estimated cost to develop such updates is accounted for as warranty cost that is recognized at the time related software revenue is recognized.
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Factors considered in determining appropriate accruals related to such updates include the number of units delivered, the number of updates expected to occur, and the historical cost and estimated future cost of the resources necessary to develop these updates.
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Income Taxes The Company records a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations.
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In accordance with GAAP, the provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for oper...
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Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled.
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The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.
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The Company recognizes and measures uncertain tax positions in accordance with GAAP, whereby the Company only recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the pos...
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The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
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Management believes it is more likely than not that forecasted income, including income that may be generated as a result of certain tax planning strategies, together with the tax effects of the deferred tax liabilities, will be sufficient to fully recover the deferred tax assets.
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In the event that the Company determines all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, the Company will make an adjustment to the valuation allowance that would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made.
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In addition, the calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of GAAP and complex tax laws.
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Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with management’s expectations could have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition and operating results.
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Legal and Other Contingencies As discussed in Part I, Item 3 of this Form 10-K under the heading “Legal Proceedings” and in Note 9, “Commitments and Contingencies” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business.
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In accordance with GAAP, the Company records a liability when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable.
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There is significant judgment required in both the probability determination and as to whether an exposure can be reasonably estimated.
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In management’s opinion, the Company does not have a potential liability related to any current legal proceedings and claims that would individually or in the aggregate materially adversely affect its financial condition or operating results.
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However, the outcomes of legal proceedings and claims brought against the Company are subject to significant uncertainty.
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Should the Company fail to prevail in any of these legal matters or should several of these legal matters be resolved against the Company in the same reporting period, the operating results of a particular reporting period could be materially adversely affected.
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Net Sales Fiscal years 2009, 2008 and 2007 spanned 52 weeks.
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An additional week is included in the first fiscal quarter approximately every six years to realign fiscal quarters with calendar quarters.
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The following table summarizes net sales and Mac unit sales by operating segment and net sales and unit sales by product during the three years ended September 26, 2009 (in millions, except unit sales in thousands and per unit amounts): (a) Other Segments include Asia Pacific and FileMaker.
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(b) Includes iMac, Mac mini, Mac Pro and Xserve product lines.
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(c) Includes MacBook, MacBook Air and MacBook Pro product lines.
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(d) Consists of iTunes Store sales, iPod services, and Apple-branded and third-party iPod accessories.
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(e) Derived from handset sales, carrier agreements, and Apple-branded and third-party iPhone accessories.
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(f) Includes sales of displays, wireless connectivity and networking solutions, and other hardware accessories.
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(g) Includes sales of Apple-branded operating system and application software, third-party software, AppleCare and Internet services.
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(h) Derived by dividing total Mac net sales by total Mac unit sales.
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