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Matt Berry - Witchazel (CD, Vinyl LP)
Recommended by us on 25th March 2011.
Witchazel by Matt Berry
Vinyl LP £10.89 (+ £2.70 shipping, based on your current cart)
LP on Acid Jazz (AJXLP251)
Label: Acid Jazz
Estimated shipping times»
CD £10.89 (+ £0.00 shipping, based on your current cart)
CD on Acid Jazz (AJXCD251)
Label: Acid Jazz
Estimated shipping times»
Having starred as eccentric explorer Dixon Bainbridge in The Mighty Boosh and Douglas Reynholm in The IT Crowd and co-written his own musical parody AD/BC: A Rock Opera with Richard Ayoade, Matt's own BBC3 comedy show Snuff Box (with Rich Fulcher) was, as they say, "well received". His position as one of the U.K's most compelling comedy talents duly confirmed with a nomination as Best Male Newcomer at the 2007 Comedy Awards. But we're not here to blow those particular trumpets. Rather, strum a more melancholy mandolin. Inspired partly by Richard Adams' Watership Down 'Witchazel' (Matt's first album 'proper' following limited releases 'Jackpot' and 'Opium') is a voyage into the heart of the countryside, where strange things happen and barn doors go creak in the night. Looking back, Matt Berry wouldn't have had it any other way. If his highly successful career as an actor/comedian/radio DJ hadn't sent him on a different trajectory, he wouldn't be where he is today, releasing his extraordinary new album 'Witchazel'. Recorded almost entirely in his front room, it is a collection of thirteen songs which will touch a central nerve with anyone with a fondness for British psychedelia and/or '70's folk. For Matt, it's a labour of love, pure and simple. Veering between spooked folk laments ('Accident At A Harvest Festival'), space rock tapestries (eight minute epic 'The Pheasant') and Donovan-esque pop ('Look In My Book'), it's quite simply a stunning record; the sort of woodland fantasia Fleet Foxes would make had they grown up in within earshot of the M25. If the massed mellotrons, fruity Hammond and prog-rock inflections (check out 'From The Manger To the Mortuary') makes it feel like a lost classic you've found in the racks of your favourite second hand record shop, it's deliberate. Anyone still thinking 'Witchazel' has a whiff of indulgence, meanwhile, should be directed to the brilliant, Todd Rundgren-ish 'Take My Hand'. Is there anyone out there making complex pop as smart and heartfelt as this?
So, because you currently don't have anything in your cart the shipping cost for Witchazel by Matt Berry will be the 'Heaviest Item' price for the format you choose:
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CD (AJXCD251 )
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9/10 according to on Fri 25 Mar, 2011.
Is there anything that this bearded genius can't do? Not content with filling me with mirth (and other things) as a comedian, Matt Berry turns his pudgy hand to music again. Having composed music for TV and film, he isn't a chancer in that department. He's not like some Hollywood twat who thinks "I wanna try putting an album of covers out... yeah that's a really good idea". Ben Affleck covering 80's stadium fillers Simple Minds...Dimple Minds if you will. This LP is in my opinion Matt's take on the Canterbury sound and I reckon the results are ace. Not so much as a comedy record more like a love letter to that period of music. And he's pictured with a pheasant on the front cover. Ace. The LP starts with a tune that sounds like a Motown classic. It's a pretty strange record is this leaps then into full-on (almost) J. Tull territorah with some really complex arrangements. Matt plays most of the instruments on this record and he's no chump either. Every song has really lush passages within them. From the haunting "Pheasant" to the almost prog "So Low". He might be taking the piss but his arrangements and compositions are so quality you could be forgiven for thinking that this record could be in any prog rockers collection. There are numerous quality moments on this LP. Who would have thought that the heartthrob from HeartBeat could come up with something as interesting, coupled with a sly sense of humour progressive folk rock record....and he was in that was Nick Berry...Ohhhh shit....this is a record that demands attention....and you should give it said attention..x
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There’s a growing curiosity in many circles about what helps a person to live an extra long life. Is it good exercise? What a person eats? How a person engages their mind? Is it genetics? There are several schools of thought, but for Mildred Killian it was as simple as being kind to others and baking cakes … a lot of cakes.
Mildred turned 105 years old on Jan. 8. She was born and raised in Appleton, Wisc., and later moved to Lansing with her husband, Peter. Mildred and Peter had five children together, and she now has 14 grandchildren and 18 great-grandchildren. Although Peter has been gone for several years and some of her family lives far away, Mildred enjoyed a big birthday party at Island City Assisted Living. Her children came, and of course there was cake.
Mildred was an avid cake baker before she moved to Island City. She’s long lost track of how many she made, but there were many. She made cakes for weddings, birthdays, and just for friends who wanted them. By her own account, as well as others’, the cakes were often extravagant and beautiful; ornate with flower designs and lots of frosting. Baking cakes was her hobby, her entertainment, and her joy.
“I only had two (cake) accidents. I would always keep extra flowers and frosting in case something happened, but I only had two accidents,” Mildred said with a laugh.
Although she doesn’t bake cakes anymore, Mildred still gets around well and prefers to stay as active as she can. She loves being outside, and going for walks. When the weather is nice enough to be outside, Mildred wishes she could get down on her knees and garden the way she used to. The slow environment of Island City doesn’t suit her restlessness, but she enjoys the people and the view.
Baking cakes and physical activity only do so much for a person, according to Mildred. Her joy for baking cakes only came because she was giving them to others. It’s the selflessness of an act that makes it truly meaningful.
“I was always helping people,” said Mildred. “The best part of baking cakes was when people would come and pick them up, and they were surprised.”
Mildred is grateful for the life she’s had. She’s had a loving and supportive family, and many fond memories that keep a smile on her face.
“I’ve had a nice life,” said Mildred about her longevity. “I’m doing something right! I’m trying and trying to figure out what it is.”
Desserts, family, and good memories. A life well lived really can come down to things as simple as good food, company, and experiences. One can only hope to be as jovial and thankful for life at 105. Mildred’s age and attitude are an example for everyone to be active and happy in the moment. If we have that, then tomorrow and the years that follow should be alright too. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9902063012123108}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '100929', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:33OLWH5GMROQFBPCU76ASBW5BTORXBCX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:3c917640-8f05-4b0b-a9e6-d9e5f04bdd0c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 19, 17, 27, 22), 'WARC-IP-Address': '64.91.225.188', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MNAFMJGU5U4WUS4KPBSX44DGYWFJGEYR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:447972d7-f5f4-4fc7-a579-e50c00230ad2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://county-journal.com/flashes/island-city-assisted-living-resident-turns-105/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0c92fcf9-31b1-4bcd-8572-9db4a9fec1b9>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '488', 'url': 'http://county-journal.com/flashes/island-city-assisted-living-resident-turns-105/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-184-109-84.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.031164348125457764', 'original_id': '7e98151ab02cbbb3a11d9486ecd23c6638cee116d1e376a6c196c32da2d9486f'} |
Three years, an international search, and a £1.2m violin
She went for a quick sandwich at Euston Station and lost a million pound violin.
The thief who stole it tried to sell it for a hundred quid.
Now three years on and an international search later the violinist and her precious violin are soon to be reunited.
Elodie Harper has more.
£1.2m stolen violin recovered
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Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh Medizintheorie HAPM Misc
Medical Deontics
Morality, ethics, metaethics, and deontics are distinguished. By "medical deontics" is meant the deontic-logical analysis and philosophy of morality and law in medicine. Moral as well as legal rules are representable as deontic sentences in the language of deontic logic. A notion of a deontic rule is introduced to demonstrate that all deontic rules are actually ought-to-do rules. Conditional ought-to-do rules, called conditional obligations, are of particular importance not only in medical ethics and law, but also in clinical medicine. It has been shown in an earlier chapter that diagnostic-therapeutic knowledge is practical knowledge consisting of conditional obligations. On this account, clinical medicine belongs to the realm of medical deontics. This discussion is continued later on.
A minimum collection of moral ought-to-do rules is referred to as minimum morality. A minimum morality shared by all or most members of a community represents the common morality of that community. A human society is characterized by a specific common morality. The rules of its common morality are constitutive of particular social practices such as charity, care, prevention of criminality, etc. These deontically generated social practices structure the society in that they partition it into the set or category of those people who satisfy a particular deontic rule, and the set or category of those who do not. Such sets are referred to as deontic sets or categories. A deontic set is not a natural kind. It comes into existence by compliance with, or violation of, deontic rules of the common morality in a society, e.g., the set of 'criminals' or the set of those who are 'in need of help'. It is thus a man-made entity, specifically a deontic-social construct. It is shown that prototype diseases (this concept has been introduced in an earlier chapter) are such deontic-social constructs to the effect that the category of diseases turns out to be a deontic-social construct. Diseases are not natural phenomena. They are man-made.
It was shown in an earlier chapter that clinical-practical knowledge consists of deontic rules. Clinical-practical knowledge is deontic-procedural knowledge concerned with diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. The term “procedural” means to know how to do something, e.g., to diagnose or treat a particular disease state. Diagnostic-therapeutic knowledge of this type is representable by conditional obligations. A conditional obligation, as an ought-to-do action rule, does not logically follow from descriptive or explanatory research that describes how things are, and explains why they occur. It is not justified by purely empirical research and evidence either. It comes from social institutions, i.e., medical communities in the present case, and is justified in comparison with alternative action rules by demonstrating that it is better than the latter. The comparative predicate "is better than", however, is an evaluative one and has something to do with human values, intentions, and goals. Based on the considerations above, medical practice and research may be viewed as deontic disciplines that necessitate appropriate methods of inquiry termed medical deontics in preceding sections. The deontic character of medicine is exemplified by demonstrating that prototype diseases are deontic-social constructs. They are delimited as out-to-be-treated categories of states of affairs on the basis of common morality that requires the members of a society to charitably act in humanitarian emergency situations.
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The number of vegans around the world is still growing, especially here in Malaysia. To give you an idea, Rise of the Vegan revealed that in the US alone, the lifestyle gained a 500% growth in population from 2014. They sourced a study conducted by GlobalData that showed the expansion of veganism. Ethical eating was the main reason for the massive growth with most people feeling compelled to eat environmentally sustainable food. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9712342619895936}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '69992', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZUAE5ZXWIDHJUGYJPW62AZFLLCD7JQ74', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5fc7efba-38cc-4b86-a2a0-13e62dfeaa61>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 4, 19, 9, 58, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '160.153.137.17', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OBP6RMGJDXVLIWS2WV2F4FO5LM4KSHYW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:96baf647-d8c6-4868-9c50-505963783785>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://expatangela.com/tag/best-vegan-restaurant-kuala-lumpur/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ffbb4565-9040-4c9e-a80e-3a1de3f1e04d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '72', 'url': 'http://expatangela.com/tag/best-vegan-restaurant-kuala-lumpur/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-237-244-20.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-17\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.5953888297080994', 'original_id': 'f3f3fd1ad4e5e227efd035d204af25b0ec7c3f3df281b7750105c2a27e65c95a'} |
Since 1994 in Columbus, Ohio
SAGE One Two-Handed
After they introduced their revolutionary single-handed ONE, hopeful two-handed enthusiasts had to display a level of patience normally reserved for the interminable wait between pulls. Happily, your wait is over.
The new Two-Handed ONE rod places all the remarkable benefits of Konnetic technology in both of your hands. It's lighter weight and decidedly thinner profile are welcome assets over a long day of fishing, reducing casting fatigue and minimizing wind resistance for tireless casts. Thanks to the shaft's significantly enhanced torsional stability, the rod recovers extremely quickly as it moves through the cast, optimizing load carry and line speed for long, smooth, flawless casts every time. The shaft's decreased lateral movement and vibrations keep you more connected to your line, cast, mends and swing...and the fish.
* Fast action
* Konnetic technology
* Black Ice shaft color
* Black primary thread wraps with Bronze trim wraps
* Fuji stripper guides
* Hard chrome snake guides and tip-top
* Sage Super Plus custom cork fore-grip and rear-grip
* Black powder coated aluminum rod tube with Sage medallion
* Golden Bronze down-locking anodized reel seat
All SAGE One Two-Handed/Spey rods listed here:
5126-4 12'6" 5wt 4pc 6oz
6126-4 12'6" 6wt 4pc 6 1/4 oz
7126-4 12'6" 7wt 4pc 6 3/8 oz
7136-4 13'6" 7wt 4pc 7 5/8 oz
8126-4 12'6" 8wt 4pc 6 5/8 oz
8136-4 13'6" 8wt 4pc 7 3/4
9140-4 14' 9wt 4pc 8 1/8 oz
10130-4 13' 10wt 4pc 8 1/4 oz
10150-4 15' 10wt 4pc 9 1/8 oz
7126-6 13'6" 7wt 6pc 6 3/4 oz
7136-6 13'6" 7wt 6pc 7 3/4 oz
9140-6 14' 9wt 6pc 8 1/2 oz
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1. Pick a Fly Rod HERE
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William Shakespeare: Henry V, Act IV
Updated February 28, 2017 | Infoplease Staff
Act IV
Enter Chorus
Now entertain conjecture of a time
When creeping murmur and the poring dark
Fills the wide vessel of the universe.
From camp to camp through the foul womb of night
The hum of either army stilly sounds,
That the fixed sentinels almost receive
The secret whispers of each other's watch:
Fire answers fire, and through their paly flames
Each battle sees the other's umber'd face;
Steed threatens steed, in high and boastful neighs
Piercing the night's dull ear, and from the tents
The armourers, accomplishing the knights,
With busy hammers closing rivets up,
Give dreadful note of preparation:
The country cocks do crow, the clocks do toll,
And the third hour of drowsy morning name.
Proud of their numbers and secure in soul,
The confident and over-lusty French
Do the low-rated English play at dice;
And chide the cripple tardy-gaited night
Who, like a foul and ugly witch, doth limp
So tediously away. The poor condemned English,
Like sacrifices, by their watchful fires
Sit patiently and inly ruminate
The morning's danger, and their gesture sad
Investing lank-lean; cheeks and war-worn coats
Presenteth them unto the gazing moon
So many horrid ghosts. O now, who will behold
The royal captain of this ruin'd band
Walking from watch to watch, from tent to tent,
Let him cry 'Praise and glory on his head!'
For forth he goes and visits all his host.
Bids them good morrow with a modest smile
And calls them brothers, friends and countrymen.
Upon his royal face there is no note
How dread an army hath enrounded him;
Nor doth he dedicate one jot of colour
Unto the weary and all-watched night,
But freshly looks and over-bears attaint
With cheerful semblance and sweet majesty;
That every wretch, pining and pale before,
Beholding him, plucks comfort from his looks:
A largess universal like the sun
His liberal eye doth give to every one,
Thawing cold fear, that mean and gentle all,
Behold, as may unworthiness define,
A little touch of Harry in the night.
And so our scene must to the battle fly;
Where—O for pity!—we shall much disgrace
With four or five most vile and ragged foils,
Right ill-disposed in brawl ridiculous,
The name of Agincourt. Yet sit and see,
Minding true things by what their mockeries be. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9001287817955017}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '82145', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CFZHCSQVPDYAR5VG3GVAGAD2ERDS25CF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:285ba5bf-b517-4566-bf0d-50131b240bd2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 17, 19, 38, 35), 'WARC-IP-Address': '52.5.211.182', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DE55HQZBMPRBZDTQNPVASN6TTAE2RHA7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d95a1c07-6840-49a2-ae7d-a9bddc161580>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.infoplease.com/primary-sources/books-plays/william-shakespeare/william-shakespeare-henry-v-act-iv', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d00dc160-e2b1-46e8-bdc0-b1ff19b913c7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '399', 'url': 'https://www.infoplease.com/primary-sources/books-plays/william-shakespeare/william-shakespeare-henry-v-act-iv', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-206.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05323737859725952', 'original_id': '585d092c7ceb666e12730cffd705ce56895468bc9d79b0191cf98f5aea4b597f'} |
CBSE class X Linear Equations in two Variables
Q. 1. For what value of k, the quadratic equation 16x2 – 9kx + 1 = 0 has real and equal roots.
Q. 2. For what values of ‘p’ and ‘q’, the following system of linear equations will have infinite number of solutions?
2x – (p – 4)y = 2q + 1 4x – (p – 1)y = 5q – 1.
Q. 3. If twice the father’s age is added to the son’s age, the sum is 77. Five years ago, the father was 15 times the age of his son, then. Find their present ages.
Q. 4. Solve the following system of equations: 3 ( 2u + v) = 7 u v 3 ( u + 3 v) = 11 u v
Q. 5. The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by reversing the order of digits is 132. If 12 is added to the number, the new number becomes 5 times the sum of the digits. Find the number.
Q. 6. Solve graphically: x + y = 4, 3x - 2y = -3
Shade the region bounded by the lines and x- axis. Write the vertices of and find its area.
Q. 7. A certain number of students planned a picnic. The budget for food was Rs 3600. But 15 of these students failed to go and thus the cost of food for each student increased by Rs 8. How many students attended the picnic?
Q. 8. An express train takes 4 hours less for a journey of 1200 km if its speed is increased by 15 km/hr from its usual speed. Find its usual speed.
Q. 9. Solve for x and y (by cross multiplication method): 5mx + 6ny = 28 3mx + 4ny = 18.
Q. 10. Solve the equation by quadratic formula: 5x2 – 16x + 3 = 0.
Q. 11. A man can row 40 km upstream and 24 km downstream in 7 hours. He can also row 32 km upstream and 36 km downstream in 7 hours. Find his speed of rowing in still water and the speed of the stream.
iCBSE India | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9366570115089417}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '64693', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CYV3CMSSRVALWG3B2FOTHTSLM4LWYNU5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4558b344-34a5-4ee4-9338-fb0e13b4541d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 8, 19, 16, 59, 40), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.5.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LTPMGVJ6TVJ6ETPTPXQ6ICKJATBF2VUD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:dde63c28-9d4d-4b3a-a9d9-c47558d8920f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://cbse-sample-papers.blogspot.com/2008/05/cbse-class-x-linear-equations-in-two.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:49d95d74-a306-45c7-926d-8511edf18f31>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '327', 'url': 'http://cbse-sample-papers.blogspot.com/2008/05/cbse-class-x-linear-equations-in-two.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-166-28-51.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-34\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.8936665058135986', 'original_id': 'f862350b02bde9c6f53cbad247bf8384938849a7cdfa4b52c858d67a81bcad43'} |
Visuo-vestibular biofeedback in patients with peripheral vestibular disorders.
It is well known that diseases of the vestibular system can be compensated by increased spontaneous activity of other systems engaged in maintaining equilibrium, i.e. proprioceptive and visual systems. A complex approach using multisensory stimulation is the optimal way to achieve vestibular compensation. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of vestibular rehabilitation therapy as measured by posturography in a group of 72 patients suffering from vestibular disorders: Ménière's disease (n = 31), neuritis vestibularis (n = 21) and vertebrobasilar insufficiency (n = 20). Patients underwent the following examinations: electronystagmography; caloric, rotatory and optokinetic tests; computed posturography; craniocorpography; pure-tone audiometry; speech audiometry; and tinnitometry (tinnitus loudness, pitch). The instability in patients with Ménière's disease decreased 3 weeks after starting the therapy; nevertheless, the decrease in area (the surface formed by the movement of the patient's equilibrium point during a defined time) was transitory because of the increase in area values obtained between the 3rd and 6th weeks when measured with closed eyes. In the vestibular neuronitis patients, the measured values of area and the velocity of the patient's movement decreased continuously. The values measured in the patients suffering from vertebrobasilar insufficiency decreased continuously, the absolute values remaining pathological. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '964cf954c7e6ed75057474224fb74fe3980fb89991b6a79ba45a6465f6372b06'} |
Q:
criteria + nhibernate + retrive object based on 2 id´s
I want to retrieve a object based on 2 id´s.
Is this the right critera for this?
var notes = session
.CreateCriteria(typeof(Note))
.Add(Restrictions.Eq("Product", productId))
.Add(Restrictions.Eq("User", userId))
.List<Note>();
does this query fetch the notes that belongs to the user and the product?
and does this criteria:
var comments = session
.CreateCriteria(typeof(Comment))
.Add(Restrictions.Eq("Product", productId))
.Add(Restrictions.Eq("IsOwnComment", 0))
.List<Comment>();
return comments;
return the comments of the products where the boolean value is 0?
have i done this right?
br
A:
var notes = session
.CreateCriteria(typeof(Note))
.Add(Restrictions.Eq("Product", productId))
.Add(Restrictions.Eq("User", userId))
.List<Note>();
This will not work like this. You would need to provide entire entity of association path of Product and User. What you can do is use the special id property:
var notes = session
.CreateCriteria(typeof(Note))
.Add(Restrictions.Eq("Product.id", productId))
.Add(Restrictions.Eq("User.id", userId))
.List<Note>();
For second example, use Restrictions.IsNull("IsOwnComment")
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '1767db1df82cf419c2eadf9e8de146e8583555cecfc1f4f6afff3e01053c7221'} |
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A showcase of concrete construction, the building itself displays DOKA's capabilities
DOKA is an international formwork fabricator and distributor that sells concrete formwork systems and services to all industry sectors. EUA succeeded in designing their new construction Midwest regional headquarters to demonstrate DOKA's skill as a concrete formwork company while remaining within a tight budget. The DOKA building is an advertisement for the simplicity, economy and expressiveness of concrete construction, which openly illustrates the company's specialty and mission.
The design embraced concrete construction and used the building to display the material's capabilities. The strategic placement of four poured-in-place 24-foot-high exposed concrete walls demonstrate DOKA's products and also serve to define public, private and shared zones within the office building. By finishing floors and walls to a smooth veneer, shaping the reception desk out of the formwork material, and sculpting a distinctive concrete wall, the design embraced technology normally used for infrastructure to create a unique workspace. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8786343336105347}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '17155', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WLLF5AXUHN7KDDR3NLKIBSL5IBVA7GQC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:75f10d68-2fbf-4369-b153-2e7ec2e90741>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 29, 1, 28, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '168.62.225.23', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ONC2VNRC7LTF7XVB45AT2IZYPQXX6VOP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:032e26b8-9576-4294-936f-c3bdc69621dc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.eua.com/projects/doka/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:514e06ff-17ed-46fe-8a02-c6795e9aea41>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '161', 'url': 'https://www.eua.com/projects/doka/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-181.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.021965622901916504', 'original_id': 'bdf374b9ffd557c697e6198363ce248f00b4ad2279f5abf84d9c0a42d1d9c9ef'} |
A person wearing glasses and laying on a bed while reading a book.
Grab a good read and get cozy. Prashant Gupta/Unsplash
Reading books can exercise your brain and even boost your emotional intelligence. Despite this, many Americans don’t read frequently and our overall book-reading time is on the decline.
It’s time to buck this trend, especially now that many people are spending more time indoors due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. So grab a book off the shelf, check out your local library, or turn on your neglected e-reader and give that gray matter a good workout.
Why you should embrace books
Science has found that reading is essential for a healthy brain. We already know reading is good for children’s developing noggins: A study of twins published by the Society for Research in Child Development found that kids who started reading at an earlier age went on to perform better on certain intelligence tests, such as analyses of their vocabulary size.
Other studies show that reading continues to develop the brains of adults. One 2012 Stanford University study, where people read passages of Jane Austen while inside an MRI, indicates that different types of reading exercise different parts of your brain. As you get older, a more recent study suggests, reading might help slow down or even halt cognitive decline.
Words on a page can also improve your emotional intelligence. A 2016 overview of the issue demonstrated that fiction readers tend to have a well-developed sense of what psychologists call “theory of mind.” This is the ability to attribute mental states to yourself and to others, and to grasp that other people may have different desires, emotions, and thoughts. As a result, regular readers show more empathy for other people.
So books can not only stretch your brain, but also make you a better person. Now to dig down and actually read more.
How to actually read more
You’ve got a busy schedule—sometimes you just can’t find the time to read. That’s why you need to start small. When setting a new goal, you should aim for a concrete task that you can build on later. So start your habit by reading, say, five pages of a book that interests you every day. Once you’re hitting five pages a day, try 10, then 20, and keep pushing your goal horizon upward.
Focusing on your own interests is key. Don’t jump right into The Brothers Karamazov just because it’s Serious Literature—you can still get those aforementioned brain benefits from your favorite science fiction. Reading a book of your choice makes the activity a pleasure rather than a chore, so you’re more likely to do it. (And if you do have a yen for Dostoevsky, you can tackle that tome once you’ve made a regular habit of chewing through pages.)
As you start creating this routine, be kind. Self-criticism, aka “self-bullying,” has been shown to keep you from achieving your goals. So cut yourself some slack, especially if you’re starting from zero. Even if you miss a day, recognize that we all sometimes stay out late, get wrapped up in a TV show, or just forget. Be willing to pick yourself back up and honor the long-term commitment the next day.
To fit in those five pages, it also helps to keep a book, audiobook app, or e-reader on you as you go about the day. Then, when you have some down time—you’re waiting for a friend, dozing through your commute, or doing a task that doesn’t require your full attention—you can open your text instead of pulling up your favorite smartphone game.
This brings us to the great debate: pages versus screens versus audio. While paper is still the clear winner in the court of public opinion, science hasn’t proven that physical books are inherently better than digital ones.
Academic research has mostly focused on retention, that is, how much of a book’s events you remember after you read it. Although paper books may have a leg up on that score, their advantage appears to depend on environment and context. The aforementioned pro-paper study took place in a laboratory setting: Students all read the same text, but some looked at the words on paper and others viewed an on-screen PDF. A different study looked at kids in the classroom, reading from either a book or an iPad, and found no meaningful difference between the two media.
Carrying an e-reader with you certainly makes it easy to churn through pages at any time. But which one should you choose? You could see who offers e-ink screens, look for the lowest price, or obsess over specs. Really, the main point to consider is the books you like to read. While you’ll find most large publishers on all the major e-reader platforms, Amazon’s Kindle is by far the most popular storefront for self-published books and niche tastes. If there’s an author or genre you’re particularly interested in, do some research and see which stores they sell through—Amazon, Rakuten’s Kobo, or Barnes and Noble’s Nook—before you buy. And remember, you can always try out the apps before you invest in the device.
As for audiobooks, the research so far has found that they stimulate the brain just as deeply as black-and-white pages, although they affect your gray matter somewhat differently. Because you’re listening to a story, you’re using different methods to decode and comprehend it. With print books, you need to provide the voice, called the prosody—you’re imagining the tune and rhythm of speech, the intonation, the stress on certain syllables, and so on. With audio, the voice actor provides that information for you, so your brain is simply working to understand the prosody in your ears.
Prosody aside, audiobooks still affect your thoughts and feelings. In other words, yes, listening to them “counts” as reading. This is good news, because they make it easy to squeeze more book time into your schedule. You can plug in some headphones and listen to an audiobook even when you need to keep your eyes peeled—like when you ride, walk, or drive to work. In fact, on the highway, an audiobook may help you pay attention: The slight distraction lets your brain keep a handle on repetitive or monotonous tasks like long drives on the highway.
If you don’t want to spend too much money, you can also enjoy digital books without paying a cent. Libraries have been embracing technology by leaps and bounds, with two apps in particular: Overdrive and its sister Libby. Simply download the app, find your library, and enter your library card number. After this setup, you can borrow free ebooks and audiobooks, then read or listen to them through the app or on a compatible device. And if you already have an Amazon Prime account, you can save a little money by browsing its various lending libraries and enjoying the free book you get once a month.
Ultimately, if you hope to get a reading habit going, you shouldn’t dismiss paper, digital, or audio. Go with what makes the most sense for your needs and don’t be afraid to change things up depending on the occasion.
Apply those sharpened reading skills
Now that you’re turning into a bookworm, your new habit can help you in all sorts of ways.
For example, one study measured how certain activities slowed heart rate and found that reading just six pages of a book makes you 68 percent more relaxed. But that research was commissioned by a chocolate company running a book giveaway, not exactly an unbiased source of funding. Plus, the calming effect likely depends on the book—just ask anybody who’s read Stephen King late at night.
That doesn’t mean reading can’t help you sleep, though. Browsing through a book is a common “calming activity,” part of the daily bedtime routine doctors recommend you establish. Reading in bed can essentially cue your body to go to sleep.
If you spend your evening with your nose in paper pages, they will also prevent you from indulging in bad habits like looking at your phone before bed. And if all you have to read is on your phone, you can minimize the amount of light it projects to prevent it from disrupting your z’s too much.
Books can even help you get fit—that is, if they’re audiobooks. It comes down to a technique called “temptation bundling.” A University of Pennsylvania study found that people who were only allowed to listen to a thrilling audiobook at the gym hit the treadmill more often. Trashy thrillers, it turns out, are a great way to get in shape.
Finally, reading has the power to boost your productivity. Taking a break from one task to focus on another, one that uses different skills, can improve your focus and short-term memory. So mentally stepping away for a moment lets you return to the task with a fresh vision and renewed focus. Next time you lose motivation at work, the solution could be taking in a few pages during your lunch break. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9492536783218384}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '140113', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LGUWJM4SDIHCZ5LLC2RH6CQJAQ2OV65G', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:499e1e7f-2a4c-4c19-b333-5c7ddf12bcbc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 27, 2, 53, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '146.75.38.132', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KAXHHY4HQM5ELAAPM5YLOZBSQYBAB7ED', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b4bd0710-f5d8-4618-99b3-a361893a5060>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.popsci.com/read-more-books/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d8fa8de8-cab6-4988-ad6e-57d34a739a37>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1505', 'url': 'https://www.popsci.com/read-more-books/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-188\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06111645698547363', 'original_id': 'ed4fcb150933feda05916ccebd178b7e14e2e72f5f8ba64955911b6adac77322'} |
Wednesday, October 11, 2017
One year on Simchas Torah, the Chelkas Yaakov[1] noticed one of the members of his shul dancing with intense fervor and devotion. The man was not well versed in Torah, and didn’t learn much throughout the year. For some time, the Chelkas Yaakov watched in fascination as the man danced with the enthusiasm of a seasoned scholar, but after a while his curiosity got the better of him. He approached the man and politely asked him why he was dancing so passionately.
The man replied, “Rabbi, a short time ago, on Yom Kippur I read the confession. One of the numerous sins delineated was that of accepting a bribe[2]. I am not a judge nor a Rabbi; when would I have the opportunity to accept a bribe? It seems clear that this is a communal confession, and I am confessing for the sin of a Rabbi who may have accepted a bribe. If I confess for the Rabbi’s sins, should I not be able to dance for the Rabbi’s Torah?”
With that the man walked back to the circle and resumed his fervent dancing. The Chelkas Yaakov admitted that it was a good rationale.
The month of Tishrei contains more holidays than any other month on the Jewish calendar. Even after the seven days of Succos have concluded, the final climactic day of Shemini Atzeres is dedicated to joy and celebration. Chazal compare the day’s joy to a king who invited his family to celebrate with him for some time. When the celebration was about to end, the king requested that they remain for one more day.
So too, G-d says to us, as it were, “We have spent so much time together throughout the last few weeks of Rosh Hashnah, Yom Kippur and Succos. קשה עלי פרידתכם – Your separation is difficult for me. Please stay one more day”. Shemini Atzeres is therefore an added day, an opportunity to spend the day simply enjoying an intimate connection with G-d, and reflecting all that we have accomplished throughout the previous weeks.[3]
The Torah writes “Shivas yomim tochog laHashem Elokecha... V’hayisa ach samayach - For seven days you shall rejoice before Hashem, your G-d... and you shall only rejoice.”[4] The Gemara[5] explains that this verse is teaching us that there is a mitzvah of joy on the eighth day too (e.g. Shnmini Atzeres).
Generally, the word “Ach - onlyusually implies an exclusion, i.e. only this and not that. Why, in regard to Shemini Atzeres, does the verse teach us an inclusion, i.e. that the joy of the holiday applies to Shemini Atzeres as well, utilizing a word that generally implies an exclusion?
The Gra explains that for the duration of Succos we have three major mitzvos to fulfill: Living in the succah, shaking the Four Species, and to be in a state of constant joy. On Shemini Atzeres there is no longer a mitzvah to sit in the succah[6] or shake the Four Species, we are left with only the mitzvah of being in a state of joy. Thus, the word “ach” indeed is exclusive, in that it excludes the other mitzvos of Succos. What remains is the mitzvah of being joyous, the only mitzvah that still applies to Shemini Atzeres as well.
The Gra’s explanation still does not adequately answer our questions. If the word ‘ach’ generally connotes a clear exclusion, why here does the gemara say it includes the mitzvah of joy on Shemini Atzeres? How does the Gra understand that the removing the other two mitzvos of Succos teaches us that there is a special mitzvah of joy on Shmini Atzeres?
The Gemara[7] states a general rule: We do not perform many mitzvos together. Tosafos[8] explains that each mitzvah requires complete devotion and concentration. If one performs multiple mitzvos simultaneously, he will be unable to give each mitzvah the proper focus.
On Succos however, we are instructed to perform many mitzvos at the same time. The inevitable result is that because we are so focused on the mitzva of succah and the Four Species, we are unable to devote our full concentration to the mitzvah of joy.[9]
On Shmini Atzeres when two of the mitzvos are no longer applicable, a person’s full attention is then directed towards the mitzvah of being in a state of joy. Therefore, the sole focus of the day is to rejoice in the knowledge that he is a vital part of the Chosen Nation, worthy of keeping G-d’s Torah and mitzvos.
An integral component of that joy is devoted to our celebration upon the completion of our annual cycle of Torah reading[10]. Our celebration on Simchas Torah seems peculiar: If Simchas Torah is indeed a celebration for our completion of the Torah, why don’t we learn the whole day, thereby proving our dedication and joy in Torah?
Rabbi Moshe Jacobson zt’l[11] explained that everyone has an equal share in the joy of Simchas Torah. Although not everyone is able to learn in depth, everyone can clutch the Torah tightly, and hold it close to his heart.
Simchas Torah is not merely a celebration for the study of Torah, but also for the fact that we are the Torah nation. Our uniqueness stems completely from our connection to Torah, and for that alone we rejoice. Therefore, even those who may not have a tremendous portion of Torah learning can rejoice with their connection to Torah living.
During the final year of his life, the Chofetz Chaim was bedridden. On Simchas Torah morning he informed his family that he wished to be transported to shul so that he could dance with the Torah. When the Chofetz Chaim entered the shul, the students who had been dancing, gathered around their revered Rebbe and danced with all their strength.
His beloved student, Rabbi Elchonon Wasserman zt’l began to dance in front of the Chofetz Chaim alone, with unparalleled fervor and enthusiasm. The Chofetz Chaim looked up from his coat and smiled. Then he gathered every ounce of energy, and, after not standing for weeks, stood up to weakly to dance with Rabbi Elchonon.
The joy of Simchas Torah is not something to be taken lightly. Our dancing represents our love and dedication to G-d. That joy is not limited to proficient scholars. Every Jew rejoices for his personal connection to Torah, and the uninhibited joy he feels in being a member of the Chosen Nation.
“For seven days you shall rejoice before Hashem”
“And you shall only rejoice”
Rabbi Dani Staum, LMSW
Rabbi, Kehillat New Hempstead
Rebbe/Guidance Counselor – Heichal HaTorah
Principal – Ohr Naftoli- New Windsor
[1] Rav Mordechai Yaakov Breish of Zurich, the Chelkas Yaakov (1895-1976). Following a life-threatening incident with the Nazis, who had just come to power, Rav Mordechai Yaakov and his wife decided to escape Germany. After a brief time in Lance, France, they settled in Zurich, Switzerland, where he nurtured the Jewish community for 40 years. In 1967, he established the Kollel Le’horaah Chelkas Yaakov in Bnai Brak.
[2]Al chayt shechatanu lifanecha b’chapas shochad’
[3] see Rashi, Vayikra 23:36
[4] Devorim 16:15
[5] Succah 48a
[6] Outside of Eretz Yisroel we sit in the succah on Shemini Atzeres because of ‘Sefaykah d’yoma – the doubt of the days’.
[7] Sotah 8a
[8] Moed Kattan 5b
[9] Although, joy is the inevitable result of performing the other mitzvos properly, it becomes the result, and not the sole focus.
[10] Outside Eretz Yisroel we observe Shemini Atzeres and Simchas Torah on separate days. However, they are inextricably bound.
[11] Chief Rabbi of Copenhagen Denmark
Post a Comment | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.93953275680542}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '100316', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CEOQUBS6KNJH5I7DJVXK646ARRI64MOP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0eb8ecf2-7e8d-4d4c-a235-702882ac3c50>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 21, 1, 5, 28), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.164.179', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MARUYBHUTFTHP3Y32D52VETYXPRHSZFF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:713602b9-9d24-44bd-b0a5-116b985a680c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://torah.stamtorah.info/2017/10/simchas-torah-5778.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:400c432c-ff28-42d2-893e-27d50a42bac5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1250', 'url': 'http://torah.stamtorah.info/2017/10/simchas-torah-5778.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-17\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-253.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.030808627605438232', 'original_id': 'd0b9544e56a497c745d09774431760afe68041c9a1f505fc0fc2bd6ce66196cb'} |
1st Global Conference: Sins, Vices and Virtues (March 2012: Prague; Czech Republic)
full name / name of organization:
Dr. Rob Fisher/ Inter-Disciplinary.Net
contact email:
1st Global Conference
Sins, Vices and Virtues
18th March - 20th March 2012
Prague, Czech Republic
Call for Papers:
In 2008, Archbishop Girotti triggered a heated public discussion when he identified new types of sins that wreak the modern world. The traditional list of the Church Fathers was unofficially updated to include social sins prevalent in what he called the era of “unstoppable globalisation”. and not necessarily embracing Christians only. Thus, apart from the familiar, but Christianity specific: Pride, Envy, Gluttony, Lust, Anger, Greed, Sloth, which individuals were to test their conscience for, the Church now cautions the whole of humanity inter alia about: Genetic modification and human experimentations; Polluting the environment; Social injustice; Causing poverty; Paedophilia, contraception, abortion; Taking drugs; and Financial gluttony. Not only are the ‘new sins’ not necessarily Christian in nature but they seem inter- and transcultural, disregarding religious persuasion. It seems no longer the matter of individual transgression that has spiritual repercussions, but rather the sin whose subject is the entire, global society.
Are we then to talk about a completely new hamartiology, new schematization, or are we just are revising, or adapting the Seven Deadly Sins to fit the secularized world of the 21st century? What are the real changes between medieval, originally Christian hamartiology and today’s religious/moral doctrines preached across the modern world? And what about non-Christian cultures with different categories of religious/spiritual transgressions. May one actually still talk about ’sin’ at all or is it an obsolete word in a multicultural world? Is the concept of religious transgression being secularised as well? Are all Western sins and virtues other cultures’ vices too?
This interdisciplinary conference seeks a new, provocative, intercultural perspective on some enduring truths concerning virtues and vices, sins and transgressions. Do we need a new list of moral commandments in the globalised, multicultural 21st century? Should they be religious or secular in nature? What are the foundations behind morality of the ‘modern (wo)man’. And, finally, is it possible, reaching back to the origins of humanity, to find common denominators between religious/spiritual definitions of vices and virtues of all belief systems?
Papers, reports, work-in-progress, workshops and pre-formed panels are invited on issues related to the following themes:
* The genealogy of the idea of sin or religious transgression in Christian and non-Christian cultures
* Sinful/Transgressive actions and evil thoughts in Christian and non-Christian cultures
* Lexicon of sinfulness/transgression and virtuousness in Christian and non-Christian cultures
* Social functions of sins and virtues
* Modern sins and vices: Individual and social; religious and secular; intercultural
* Social sins: ‘Institutional’ and ’structural’; their social ramifications
* Communal versus individual sins/transgressions: Do societies sin?
* The concept of sin or spiritual transgression/deviation and philosophy
* Sins and vices on the political arena (secular morality or no morality)
* Psychology of sin (’sinful’ or ‘abnormal’?; the concept of sin after Darwin, Nietzsche and Freud)
* Representation of sins and sinners, vices, transgressions and virtues in art, literature, movies in Christian and non-Christian cultures
* Genderization of sins, vices and virtues in Christian and non-Christian cultures
* Ideology of sin/religious transgression and technological progress: G/god or the Machine; ’sins’ of productive necessity
* Sins/Vices and/in the Media (ie adveritising)
* Medieval crusades and modern (holy) wars
* Sinless, non-transgressive life in 21st century: Possibility or wishful thinking?
* Fear of the confessional or ‘McDonald-isation’ of spiritual life; is confession needed at all?
* Penitential practices across the ages and cultures
* Punishment for sin/transgression and rewarding virtue across the ages and cultures: individual and collective
* Visions of Hell and Paradise across cultures
* Virtues in the modern times; virtues in a modern man
Papers will be accepted which deal with related areas and themes. Papers will also be considered on any related theme. 300 word abstracts should be submitted by Friday 30th September 2011. If an abstract is accepted for the conference, a full draft paper of no more than 3000 words should be submitted by Friday 27th january 2012. Abstracts should be submitted simultaneously to both Organising Chairs; abstracts may be in Word, WordPerfect, or RTF formats with the following information and in this order:
E-mails should be entitled: Sins and Virtues Abstract Submission.
Organising Chairs
Katarzyna Bronk
Independent Scholar,
E-mail: bbronkk@gmail.com
Dr Rob Fisher
Priory House, Wroslyn Road,
Freeland, Oxfordshire OX29 8HR
Email: sin@inter-disciplinary.net
For further details of the project, please visit:
For further details of the conference, please visit:
cfp categories:
modernist studies | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '218', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8544065356254578}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '20821', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EQVFN7L735UCHUXPH4YF6YWHHCON3TFZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ebde86ef-3c49-4315-b436-c73d9e2d103f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 11, 19, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '128.91.234.142', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HCUJBCUEJ7RMW6CWJ445E74FYJRZ5NV7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:49a178e5-0fb5-411f-af07-efcdb467dd49>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://call-for-papers.sas.upenn.edu/node/42221', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c134438d-e55f-42ed-b587-58a7668d95ac>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '942', 'url': 'http://call-for-papers.sas.upenn.edu/node/42221', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.22802919149398804', 'original_id': '32f721679874f8dd43636e6b99c87e03dfcd170f8c61f0dec6dcb2c5f39148d1'} |
Firefighters responded to a fire at Bill and Hillary Clinton’s house in Chappaqua, New York, on Wednesday afternoon.
According to Lohud.com, which is part of the USA Today Network, police in New Castle, New York, have confirmed that there was a fire at the Clintons’ home in Chappaqua, but declined to give any further details. The outlet also said that, according to scanner reports, the fire was in a bedroom and has since been extinguished.
Nadia Galindo of News12WC also reported that the fire had been “knocked down.”
Fox News field producer Tamara Gitt reported that, according to New Castle police,
IMDb.com, Inc. takes no responsibility for the content or accuracy of the above news articles, Tweets, or blog posts. This content is published for the entertainment of our users only. The news articles, Tweets, and blog posts do not represent IMDb's opinions nor can we guarantee that the reporting therein is completely factual. Please visit the source responsible for the item in question to report any concerns you may have regarding content or accuracy. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'daba6676b6aaf9bf0f95ef656ccccba1f930f2062a36da85ba38af1de4750f2b'} |
The Financial Performance
Each student will write a 7-10 page paper on the financial performance of an approved company. The length of the paper does not include any spreadsheets, calculations, or other supporting documentation. Again, you will be graded on the logic and clarity of the paper, the calculations required, presentation, spelling, grammar, etc.
The company should be a very small company in America, which teacher may not know about it. Can not choose google, appple these kind of company.
Get a 10 % discount on an order above $ 20
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Getty Images, 2
During a stroke of evil genius, the universe gave K-pop sensation Psy the grand idea to collaborate with Justin Bieber, and there really isn't anything that any of us can do about it. Speaking to Capital FM, the "Gangnam Style" star said about teaming up with the Biebs, "We have a plan to do something together later but we don't have any details yet. But, sure, we gonna do some work later on." (Can they invite Bill Nye along too?!)
If you're wondering just how many records the YouTube video of the forthcoming Psy/Justin Bieber collaboration is going to break, well, so is Psy. He's basically counting on it: "I mean of course you know, hundreds of millions combined [views of their videos] on YouTube—it's gonna explode, right?"
While we're sure both K-pop fans and Bieber fanatics will eat the collaboration up, there's probably no one more excited than Scooter Braun. He manages both of them—he's probably transforming his bedroom into a bank vault as we speak. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9682589769363404}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '33521', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:K5Y7ZBBOW6LCJPO63JHCTOZ3CN77FOBM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ee39452c-1da8-494c-bd96-96755aaa9e11>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 1, 4, 25, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.23.96.26', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NCADDH4OCOGSP5IOAHJLA2TZV2MOP23X', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ca01c181-648f-454f-994e-a35b8f431972>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.fuse.tv/2012/11/psy-justin-bieber-collaboration', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:60f8d1da-7902-4f42-8a30-f5db30029263>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '165', 'url': 'http://www.fuse.tv/2012/11/psy-justin-bieber-collaboration', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.7928541302680969', 'original_id': '28cd112a1e4b31355fdf4291d1ee36de6e65619ebc9e706f13b8d890b654a77a'} |
Octopus in Dreams
Octopus have a grasping effect on dreamers. When we come into contact with the sea creature, we are in awe by its uniqueness and how it tends to shy away from other moving sea dwellers that share the same space.
If the octopus represents you in the dream, then people are naturally attracted to you because you are shy and yet exude a lot of individuality. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9619801044464112}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '49845', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EKT233YWZKBMKWLUXEBHLKXYRMRU662B', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:07e4c225-e4d4-48bd-9727-b5842122ee78>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 8, 21, 10, 8, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.232.223.59', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KWOKSFZ5WMGWFBUZ6OCUPDGP4HGYQQNB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:cb6074ac-b483-46ba-80bb-de1b22e66fdd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.mydreammeanings.com/tag/grasping-dream/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d81c2672-a127-405c-8254-185d3a8e570e>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '69', 'url': 'http://www.mydreammeanings.com/tag/grasping-dream/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-166-31-250.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-34\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9977455139160156', 'original_id': 'ee2723d58a3ac423299514e69f120f97cb01fb252a88548a585dd3924ee9db07'} |
In ancient times, healers dispensed herbs. The Middle Ages replaced herbs with prayers. The Renaissance replaced prayers with medicine. Today many say medicine is too strong, too expensive and too late. Give me that herb! In short, “there is nothing new under the sun.” Ecclesiastes 1:9
And ‘under the sun’ is exactly where herbs grow. Herbs protect themselves from intense sun, since they can’t move to the shade. Herb sunscreens are the same nutrients the human body uses to protect against sun-damage and other forms of accelerated aging.
These sunscreens are sometimes called antioxidants because they stop the oxidizing chemical process. Oxidation is what causes fat to go rancid, fish to smell fishy, bleach to bleach and pennies to turn green. Eating herbs is like applying sunscreen.
Said differently, Nature uses green wrapping paper. This wrap job is so clever, even science hasn’t been able to guess what’s inside. Science is still unwrapping. Here are some examples. 1. Two servings of greens a week protected against eye diseases better than a daily multiple vitamin. 2. The recently discovered antioxidant called lutein a homing device for the eye. How lutein concentrates itself in the eye is still unknown. 3. Then there are the carotenoids, hundreds of chemicals, not all yet known. These colorful antioxidants make carrots orange, flamingos pink and autumn leaves colorful. My herbs have lots of carotenoids, hidden in the verdant green of other nutrients.
Herbs contain vitamin K, which interferes with a blood-thinner medication known as Coumadin™. Some of my patients taking Coumadin™ don’t eat greens. This is dangerously incorrect, as persons with health conditions requiring Coumadin™ often need green herbs the most. Patients on Coumadin™ should eat greens consistently and adjust Coumadin™ dose with their doctor accordingly.
My herb garden attracts butterflies, which make it a caterpillar cradle. Interestingly science has discovered that the human cradle also needs herbs. A yet unsung virtue of herbs is the rich source of folate. Folate is the B vitamin critical to the nervous system of the unborn child. Herbs may also improve the function of progesterone, a hormone which science now thinks can enhance intelligence of the unborn child. Herbs can improve insulin control, protecting the unborn from adulthood obesity.
Some people think herbs are time consuming. I disagree. I even put thyme in a bottle. Only in my garden can I plant an herb, phone in a prescription and say a prayer. It’s a multitasking healer’s paradise. Even more, business courses recommend that someone look in the mirror to stay calm during a stressful phone conversation. Why look at my own reflection when I can reflect in Nature’s mirror, my herb garden. Reducing mental stress also protects against oxidation.
Enjoy your harvest. Eat herbs fresh. Dried is also a good choice. Store thyme and other dried herbs in an airtight glass bottle, away from sunlight, heat and moisture. Do not keep the herbs by a window, stove or dishwasher. Do not freeze them, since thawing causes moisture. Herbs should last for 2 years and your health for many more. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.925020158290863}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '34990', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GBNNS32N3FUGNLUQB5QS27IGMHC2GQ6T', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:fb215da1-ec3b-414d-a516-f2bf70940725>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 2, 21, 8, 20, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '69.163.185.95', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6TT7II5MGDQA5547LN2LUFWPWQIOSV7G', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1e84415e-14f2-440a-a3f0-491eb131b1f4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.ingridients.com/herbs/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:06a2dc4e-bd93-40e2-a422-8541318b5faa>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '509', 'url': 'https://www.ingridients.com/herbs/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-178.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.5096008777618408', 'original_id': '489f9c6e0bfeb2d4c5cadc5f86b280906315b5d98bdeb31b4f71ff80ed3bb9e7'} |
@techreport{NBERw7832, title = "Enrollee Mix, Treatment Intensity, and Cost in Competing Indemnity and HMO Plans", author = "Daniel Altman and David M. Cutler and Richard Zeckhauser", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "7832", year = "2000", month = "August", URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/w7832", abstract = {We examine why managed care plans are less expensive than traditional indemnity insurance plans. Our database consists of the insurance experiences of over 200,000 state and local employees in Massachusetts and their families, who are insured in a single pool. Within this group, average HMO costs are 40 percent below those of the indemnity plan. We evaluate cost differences for 8 conditions representing over 10 percent of total health expenditures. They are: heart attacks, cancers (breast, cervical, colon, prostate), diabetes (type I and II), and live births. For each condition, we identify the portions of the cost differential arising from differences in treatment intensity, enrollee mix, and prices paid for the same treatment. Surprisingly, treatment intensity differs hardly at all between the HMOs and the indemnity plan. That is, relative to their fee-for-service competitor, HMOs do not curb the use of expensive treatments. Across the 8 conditions, roughly half of the HMO cost savings is due to the lower incidence of the diseases in the HMOs. Virtually all of the remaining savings come because HMOs pay lower prices for the same treatment.}, } | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '26', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9293625950813292}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '1850', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EGSCXYHWGQFROQ2V5ZTWVHLFEXEBM5ZI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1b4c7cc9-7091-43bc-beb3-e3c9521a159f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 11, 19, 28, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.233.228.242', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:T2XEYAFE4ONAQR4P2NKZNLB5E7Q6BJRY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f06dd51c-f834-4ce4-9dfa-f7f4c0b0f535>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.nber.org/papers/w7832.bib', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:24dbb3e4-f248-41d1-af72-e381a22b2c31>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '215', 'url': 'http://www.nber.org/papers/w7832.bib', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.16979748010635376', 'original_id': 'c18f4f8ac5f76ff1d7e31ec12b85b866359fe50f208daa82b64112b8cad625e7'} |
Kategori:Finländska kyrkomusiker
Wikimedia-kategori
Kategori:Finländska kyrkomusiker instans av Wikimedia-kategori | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60947247', 'collection': 'Wikidata', 'open_type': 'Semantic data', 'license': 'CC0', 'date': '', 'title': 'Kategori:Finländska kyrkomusiker', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'Multilingual', 'language_type': 'Semantic data', 'word_count': '8', 'token_count': '41', '__index_level_0__': '39112', 'original_id': '86d3883fd9690d3ea8d4f87ab6847571d5f188fbad8377faf4d4bcfabeae0467'} |
Duplicity and Tenure
Have you ever been in a situation where perhaps one of your co-workers or a manager tells you one thing, and then in another situation, says the opposite? This person does not link together the fact that saying contradictory things doesn’t really help at all. And I’m not really talking about making an honest mistake in expressing meaning; I’m talking about a deliberate attempt to misrepresent the truth. If you were faced with such a person, you might describe them as a bit of a weasel, or a snake; saying different things to different people and being shifty with the truth. This person, as you and many will realise, has displayed impropriety with the truth, and in future dealings you might say you can’t really trust them any more.
If you were a bit more positive about the whole thing, you could point to this person’s actions as the result of mental fatigue of some sort. Perhaps this person has been overworked and is showing signs of not being able to cope.
Perhaps the pressure of dealing with the work situation is causing the person to make mistakes. You could point to the mental tiredness as the reason for making this sort of error – if only to put a positive spin to it.
I suppose it really depends on the error. If the contradiction dealt with one minor aspect, it might be forgiven. For example, if someone said they would go out with you for dinner, and then within twenty-four hours said they were unable to, then it would really be a small point. But if it was a major decision, involving high stakes, then this sort of “double negative” really doesn’t make a positive and would not be seen in the best light. Especially if it comes from someone “high up” in an organisation.
So when someone like Donald Trump makes contradictory statements about Russian collusion with the United States voting process, he doesn’t really do himself a lot of favours.
Perhaps the President is more style than substance, trying to demonstrate overtly than be silent mettle. He could take a page out of the book of the Italian tenor Placido Domingo, who despite having to live in the shadow of the more extrovert Luciano Pavarotti, went on to have a longer career at the New York Met. (You can read more about this post, written by Piano Teacher Harringay.) Perhaps Trump might have a longer career in politics if he learnt something from Domingo! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9745234847068788}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '16123', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HRMQFIBKN3P2JWQQ3FMS7G72B5VTM3R6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0174acdd-7b32-49c2-b695-079fd38d7eb7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 22, 22, 47, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '81.19.215.2', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:445O4V4WHCRHQO7OVVWU4QCNDJHQKHAR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1cb9a243-3979-4ed8-b78a-38da46e7856b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.allthingsbrightonbeautiful.com/duplicity-and-tenure/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:dfe17d9a-d73e-4b14-9fe3-8de687aabc27>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '416', 'url': 'http://www.allthingsbrightonbeautiful.com/duplicity-and-tenure/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-140-246-66.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04580181837081909', 'original_id': '8fbc928c70de8e7bd12017191c48243ffd3c9116a51979fda806973a0b7a0fb0'} |
dnl AMD Athlon mpn_com_n -- mpn bitwise one's complement.
dnl Copyright 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
dnl
dnl This file is part of the GNU MP Library.
dnl
dnl The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
dnl modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
dnl published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
dnl License, or (at your option) any later version.
dnl
dnl The GNU MP Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
dnl but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
dnl MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
dnl Lesser General Public License for more details.
dnl
dnl You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
dnl License along with the GNU MP Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If
dnl not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street,
dnl Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
include(`../config.m4')
C K7: 1.0 cycles/limb
C void mpn_com_n (mp_ptr dst, mp_srcptr src, mp_size_t size);
C
C The loop form below is necessary for the claimed speed. It needs to be
C aligned to a 16 byte boundary and only 16 bytes long. Maybe that's so it
C fits in a BTB entry. The adjustments to %eax and %edx avoid offsets on
C the movq's and achieve the necessary size.
C
C If both src and dst are 4mod8, the loop runs at 1.5 c/l. So long as one
C of the two is 0mod8, it runs at 1.0 c/l. On that basis dst is checked
C (offset by the size, as per the loop addressing) and one high limb
C processed separately to get alignment.
C
C The padding for the nails case is unattractive, but shouldn't cost any
C cycles. Explicit .byte's guarantee the desired instructions, at a point
C where we're probably stalled waiting for loads anyway.
C
C Enhancements:
C
C The combination load/pxor/store might be able to be unrolled to approach
C 0.5 c/l if desired.
defframe(PARAM_SIZE,12)
defframe(PARAM_SRC, 8)
defframe(PARAM_DST, 4)
TEXT
ALIGN(16)
PROLOGUE(mpn_com_n)
deflit(`FRAME',0)
movl PARAM_DST, %edx
movl PARAM_SIZE, %ecx
pcmpeqd %mm7, %mm7
leal (%edx,%ecx,4), %eax
andl $4, %eax
ifelse(GMP_NAIL_BITS,0,,
` psrld $GMP_NAIL_BITS, %mm7') C GMP_NUMB_MASK
movl PARAM_SRC, %eax
movd -4(%eax,%ecx,4), %mm0 C src high limb
ifelse(GMP_NAIL_BITS,0,,
` C padding for alignment below
.byte 0x8d, 0xb6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 C lea 0(%esi),%esi
.byte 0x8d, 0xbf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 C lea 0(%edi),%edi
')
jz L(aligned)
pxor %mm7, %mm0
movd %mm0, -4(%edx,%ecx,4) C dst high limb
decl %ecx
jz L(done)
L(aligned):
addl $4, %eax
addl $4, %edx
decl %ecx
jz L(one)
C offset 0x30 for no nails, or 0x40 for nails
ALIGN(16)
L(top):
C eax src
C ebx
C ecx counter
C edx dst
subl $2, %ecx
movq (%eax,%ecx,4), %mm0
pxor %mm7, %mm0
movq %mm0, (%edx,%ecx,4)
jg L(top)
jnz L(done) C if size even
L(one):
movd -4(%eax), %mm0 C src low limb
pxor %mm7, %mm0
movd %mm0, -4(%edx) C dst low limb
L(done):
emms
ret
EPILOGUE()
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '254687274bfa26e52d44492b159dfb91ee36cecb14037c628bdf2ab21cc43160'} |
<style>
*{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
font-family: arial;
}
.newsletter {
background-color: #22bad5;
padding: 20% 5%;
color: #fff;
}
.newsletter h1, .newsletter p{
text-align: center;
line-height: 34px;
}
.newsletter-box {
margin: 20px auto;
display: table;
}
.newsletter-box i {
background: #f7f7f7;
width: 60px;
font-size: 16px;
text-align: center;
line-height: 40px;
color: #294cbd;
border-right: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);
border-top-left-radius: 5px;
border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
height: 42px;
}
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border-top-right-radius: 5px;
border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
background: #22bad5;
color: #fff;
padding: 0 15px;
font-size: 14px;
cursor: pointer;
border: 2px solid rgb(252, 252, 252);
border-left: 0px;
height: 42px;
margin-top: 5px;
}
.emailbox{
border: none;
outline: none;
}
.emailbox {
width: 0px;
height: 42px;
transition: 0.6s;
font-size: 16px;
}
.newsletter-box:hover > .emailbox, .emailbox:focus{
width: 280px;
padding: 0 10px;
}
</style>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Newsletter Subsscription</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.10.2/css/all.css">
</head>
<body>
<form action="/" method='post' class="newsletter">
<h1>Subscribe to Our Newsletter Today</h1>
<p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text Lorem Ipsum</p>
<div class="newsletter-box">
<i class="fas fa-envelope"></i>
<input class="emailbox" type="text" name="name" value="" placeholder="Enter your Name">
<input class="emailbox" type="email" name="email" value="" placeholder="Enter your email id">
<button type="submit" name="button">Subscribe</button>
</div>
</form>
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</html> | the_stack | {'hexsha': 'fa5df985f0da40ad1412ff012b175e9d9a36684a', 'size': '2273', 'ext': 'html', 'lang': 'HTML', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'templates/index.html', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'HetShah11/Newsletter', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': '5e6891eddf6add8a0044e7150f3c80cb59664f7b', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_stars_count': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'templates/index.html', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'HetShah11/Newsletter', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': '5e6891eddf6add8a0044e7150f3c80cb59664f7b', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_issues_count': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'templates/index.html', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'HetShah11/Newsletter', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': '5e6891eddf6add8a0044e7150f3c80cb59664f7b', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_forks_count': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '', 'avg_line_length': '27.0595238095', 'max_line_length': '105', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.552133744', 'original_id': '54215c675441a5dcf0a5051af64a3a981e7b36fac811f2061ad1b84646540945'} |
Featured Post
Sunday, March 21, 2010
March 21, 2010
Someone regularly sends me articles by Owen Waters, and I see them in some of my Yahoo groups. Owen Waters is the author of "Freedom of the Spirit: Four Powerful Steps to Spiritual Freedom.” This deeply insightful e-book combines some of today's most proven and time-tested spiritual practices into one powerful and effective package. It is available for immediate download at: http://www.infinitebeing.com/ebooks/freedom.htm. Owen's high level of spiritual maturity and wisdom is reflected in his words.
The latest article I received is titled, "Born Again, and Again, and Again." I have found that everyone who receives our Soul-Personality-Energy Analysis has lived between 200 and 300 lives since the last soul split--with most being between 250 and 300. My guidance always emphasizes the words "since the last soul split." I don't remember anyone else reporting those figures about the number of lives lived. Now I have found someone whose information closely matches my own (as far as number of lives lived): Owen Waters.
In his article, "Born Again, and Again, and Again," Owen claims that each soul (which I and some others call "soul extension") lives 288 lives, and I strongly suspect he is probably correct (based on my own research). Here in his own words is how he arrives at that figure: "Here’s why there are as many as 288 lives in a complete set of human experience. There are twelve astrological signs and twelve stages of reincarnatory life experience. These stages of experience range all the way from 'Inexperienced Human' to 'Master of the Human Experience.' So far, that amount of variety requires 12 times 12, or 144 lives. Then, there is the need to experience both the yin and yang versions of everything, which is typically achieved by making the choice to be either male or female for each incarnation. When you multiply 144 times 2, it equals 288. Sooner or later, the young and inexperienced soul becomes, in human terms, an 'old soul.' Then, they start tying up the loose ends in their own history of experiences in preparation for graduation into the next stage of experience in the long and fascinating journey back to the ultimate source from which we all came."
It's always nice when someone else validates my research!
Angel-Light Love | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '72', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9386335611343384}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '129583', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VCC44PAZO3SAXOIMXTAXS3V7OAVNU6A3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1ff860ff-dd8e-41df-9891-a42eda99d8de>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 23, 7, 46, 53), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.3.33', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KJLCRLQRIYA43YFTSMG2BEJEY5PTLUK7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a36a0cc0-4516-4d57-99b3-eb2375304389>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://angel-light-love-healing.blogspot.com/2010/03/born-again.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2e7b4547-c170-45de-81b3-5fb7560389c6>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '445', 'url': 'http://angel-light-love-healing.blogspot.com/2010/03/born-again.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-137-158-248.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019690275192260742', 'original_id': '322b3bc4a367a4cb92dfafa9969a11daeaec47ac919c11786b4ea770e9ce1377'} |
// Taken from https://www.codeproject.com/Tips/1147879/Print-DataTable-to-Console-and-more
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
// ReSharper disable once CheckNamespace
namespace System.Data
{
public static class PrintDataExtensions
{
#region Print Columns
public static void PrintColumns(this DataTable dataTable, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintColumns(dataTable.TableName, GetColumns(dataTable, columnNames));
}
public static void PrintColumns(this DataView dataView, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintColumns(dataView.Table.TableName, GetColumns(dataView.Table, columnNames));
}
public static void PrintColumns(this DataSet dataSet, params string[] columnNames)
{
foreach (DataTable dataTable in dataSet.Tables)
PrintColumns(dataTable, columnNames);
}
private static void PrintColumns(string name, DataColumn[] columns)
{
string columnName = "Column Name";
string dataType = "Data Type";
string nullable = "Nullable";
string dataMember = "Data Member";
int length0 = 0;
int length1 = columnName.Length;
int length2 = dataType.Length;
int length3 = nullable.Length;
int length4 = dataMember.Length;
if (columns.Length > 0)
{
int maxLength = columns.Select(c => c.Ordinal).Max().ToString().Length;
if (length0 < maxLength)
length0 = maxLength;
maxLength = columns.Select(c => c.ColumnName.Length).Max();
if (length1 < maxLength)
length1 = maxLength;
maxLength = columns.Select(c => c.DataType.ToString().Length).Max();
if (length2 < maxLength)
length2 = maxLength;
maxLength = columns.Select(c => GetDataMemberType(c).Length + 1 + c.ColumnName.Length).Max();
if (length4 < maxLength)
length4 = maxLength;
}
string horizontal0 = new String(Horizontal_Bar, length0 + 2);
string horizontal1 = new String(Horizontal_Bar, length1 + 2);
string horizontal2 = new String(Horizontal_Bar, length2 + 2);
string horizontal3 = new String(Horizontal_Bar, length3 + 2);
string horizontal4 = new String(Horizontal_Bar, length4 + 2);
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name) == false)
WriteLine("{0}:", name);
WriteLine("{5}{0}{6}{1}{6}{2}{6}{3}{6}{4}{7}", horizontal0, horizontal1, horizontal2, horizontal3, horizontal4, Top_Left, Top_Center, Top_Right);
string format1 = string.Format("{{5}} {{0,-{0}}} {{5}} {{1,-{1}}} {{5}} {{2,-{2}}} {{5}} {{3,-{3}}} {{5}} {{4,-{4}}} {{5}}", length0, length1, length2, length3, length4);
WriteLine(format1, string.Empty, columnName, dataType, nullable, dataMember, Verticl_Bar);
WriteLine("{5}{0}{6}{1}{6}{2}{6}{3}{6}{4}{7}", horizontal0, horizontal1, horizontal2, horizontal3, horizontal4, Middle_Left, Middle_Center, Middle_Right);
foreach (DataColumn column in columns)
{
string dataMemberType = GetDataMemberType(column);
string format2 = string.Format("{{5}} {{0,{0}}} {{5}} {{1,-{1}}} {{5}} {{2,-{2}}} {{5}} {{3,-{3}}} {{5}} {{4}} {{1}} {{5,{4}}}", length0, length1, length2, length3, length4 - dataMemberType.Length - column.ColumnName.Length);
WriteLine(format2, column.Ordinal, column.ColumnName, column.DataType, column.AllowDBNull, dataMemberType, Verticl_Bar);
}
WriteLine("{5}{0}{6}{1}{6}{2}{6}{3}{6}{4}{7}", horizontal0, horizontal1, horizontal2, horizontal3, horizontal4, Bottom_Left, Bottom_Center, Bottom_Right);
WriteLine();
}
private static string GetDataMemberType(DataColumn column)
{
if (column.DataType == typeof(string))
return "string";
else if (column.DataType == typeof(int))
return "int" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(short))
return "short" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(long))
return "long" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(double))
return "double" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(decimal))
return "decimal" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(float))
return "float" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(char))
return "char" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(bool))
return "bool" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(uint))
return "uint" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(ushort))
return "ushort" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(ulong))
return "ulong" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(byte))
return "byte" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(sbyte))
return "sbyte" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(DateTime))
return "DateTime" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(TimeSpan))
return "TimeSpan" + (column.AllowDBNull ? "?" : string.Empty);
else if (column.DataType == typeof(Type))
return "Type";
else if (column.DataType == typeof(byte[]))
return "byte[]";
else
return column.DataType.ToString() + (column.AllowDBNull && column.DataType.IsClass == false ? "?" : string.Empty);
}
#endregion
#region Print DataTable
public static void Print(this DataTable dataTable, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataTable, false, 0, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataTable dataTable, bool rowOrdinals, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataTable, rowOrdinals, 0, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataTable dataTable, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataTable, false, top, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataTable dataTable, bool rowOrdinals, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataTable, rowOrdinals, top, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataTable dataTable, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataTable, false, 0, toString, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataTable dataTable, bool rowOrdinals, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataTable, rowOrdinals, 0, toString, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataTable dataTable, int top, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataTable, false, top, toString, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataTable dataTable, bool rowOrdinals = false, int top = 0, ValueToStringHandler toString = null, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintRows(dataTable, dataTable.AsEnumerable(), rowOrdinals, top, toString, columnNames);
}
#endregion
#region Print DataView
public static void Print(this DataView dataView, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataView, false, 0, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataView dataView, bool rowOrdinals, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataView, rowOrdinals, 0, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataView dataView, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataView, false, top, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataView dataView, bool rowOrdinals, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataView, rowOrdinals, top, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataView dataView, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataView, false, 0, toString, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataView dataView, bool rowOrdinals, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataView, rowOrdinals, 0, toString, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataView dataView, int top, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataView, false, top, toString, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataView dataView, bool rowOrdinals = false, int top = 0, ValueToStringHandler toString = null, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintRows(dataView, rowOrdinals, top, toString, columnNames);
}
#endregion
#region Print DataSet
public static void Print(this DataSet dataSet, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataSet, false, 0, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataSet dataSet, bool rowOrdinals, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataSet, rowOrdinals, 0, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataSet dataSet, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataSet, false, top, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataSet dataSet, bool rowOrdinals, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataSet, rowOrdinals, top, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataSet dataSet, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataSet, false, 0, toString, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataSet dataSet, bool rowOrdinals, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataSet, rowOrdinals, 0, toString, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataSet dataSet, int top, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataSet, false, top, toString, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataSet dataSet, bool rowOrdinals = false, int top = 0, ValueToStringHandler toString = null, params string[] columnNames)
{
foreach (DataTable dataTable in dataSet.Tables)
Print(dataTable, rowOrdinals, top, toString, columnNames);
}
#endregion
#region Print DataRow[]
public static void Print(this DataRow[] dataRows, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataRows, false, 0, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataRow[] dataRows, bool rowOrdinals, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataRows, rowOrdinals, 0, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataRow[] dataRows, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataRows, false, top, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataRow[] dataRows, bool rowOrdinals, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataRows, rowOrdinals, top, null, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataRow[] dataRows, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataRows, false, 0, toString, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataRow[] dataRows, bool rowOrdinals, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataRows, rowOrdinals, 0, toString, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataRow[] dataRows, int top, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
Print(dataRows, false, top, toString, columnNames);
}
public static void Print(this DataRow[] dataRows, bool rowOrdinals = false, int top = 0, ValueToStringHandler toString = null, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintRows((dataRows.Length != 0 ? dataRows[0].Table : null), dataRows, rowOrdinals, top, toString, columnNames);
}
#endregion
#region Print Helper Methods
public delegate string ValueToStringHandler(object obj, DataRow row, DataColumn column);
private static void PrintRows(DataTable dataTable, IEnumerable<DataRow> dataRows, bool rowOrdinals, int top, ValueToStringHandler toString, string[] columnNames, string ordinalColumnName = null)
{
if (dataTable == null && dataRows.Count() == 0)
{
WriteLine("No rows were selected");
WriteLine();
return;
}
if (dataTable != null && string.IsNullOrEmpty(dataTable.TableName) == false)
WriteLine("{0}:", dataTable.TableName);
DataColumn[] columns = GetColumns(dataTable, columnNames, ordinalColumnName);
if (columns.Length == 0)
{
WriteLine("No columns were selected");
WriteLine();
return;
}
if (top > 0)
dataRows = dataRows.Take(top);
int[] lengths = columns.Select(c => c.ColumnName.Length).ToArray();
foreach (DataRow row in dataRows)
CalculateLengths(row, columns, lengths, toString);
int rowOrdinalsLength = 0;
if (rowOrdinals)
{
if (dataRows.Count() > 0)
{
int maxRowOrdinal = 0;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinalColumnName))
maxRowOrdinal = dataRows.Select(row => row.Table.Rows.IndexOf(row)).Max();
else
maxRowOrdinal = dataRows.Select(row => (int)row[ordinalColumnName]).Max();
if (maxRowOrdinal > -1)
rowOrdinalsLength = maxRowOrdinal.ToString().Length;
}
}
string header = Top_Left.ToString();
string separator = Middle_Left.ToString();
string footer = Bottom_Left.ToString();
string formatHeaders = Verticl_Bar.ToString();
string format = Verticl_Bar.ToString();
if (rowOrdinals)
{
string horizontal = new String(Horizontal_Bar, rowOrdinalsLength + 2);
header += horizontal + Top_Center;
separator += horizontal + Middle_Center;
footer += horizontal + Bottom_Center;
formatHeaders += string.Format(" {{0,-{0}}} {1}", rowOrdinalsLength, Verticl_Bar);
format += string.Format(" {{0,{0}}} {1}", rowOrdinalsLength, Verticl_Bar);
}
int k = 0;
for (; k < columns.Length - 1; k++)
{
string horizontal = new String(Horizontal_Bar, lengths[k] + 2);
header += horizontal + Top_Center;
separator += horizontal + Middle_Center;
footer += horizontal + Bottom_Center;
string cellFormat = string.Format(" {{{0},-{1}}} {2}", k + 1, lengths[k], Verticl_Bar);
formatHeaders += cellFormat;
format += cellFormat;
}
k = columns.Length - 1;
if (k >= 0)
{
string horizontal = new String(Horizontal_Bar, lengths[k] + 2);
header += horizontal + Top_Right;
separator += horizontal + Middle_Right;
footer += horizontal + Bottom_Right;
string cellFormat = string.Format(" {{{0},-{1}}} {2}", k + 1, lengths[k], Verticl_Bar);
formatHeaders += cellFormat;
format += cellFormat;
}
object[] objects = new object[columns.Length + 1];
WriteLine(header);
objects[0] = string.Empty;
for (int i = 0; i < columns.Length; i++)
objects[i + 1] = columns[i];
WriteLine(formatHeaders, objects);
WriteLine(separator);
foreach (DataRow row in dataRows)
{
if (rowOrdinals)
{
int ordinal = 0;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinalColumnName))
ordinal = row.Table.Rows.IndexOf(row);
else
ordinal = (int)row[ordinalColumnName];
objects[0] = (ordinal > -1 ? ordinal : (int?)null);
}
for (int i = 0; i < columns.Length; i++)
{
object obj = row[columns[i]];
string str = null;
if (toString != null)
{
str = toString(obj, row, columns[i]);
if (str == null)
str = "null";
}
else
{
str = string.Format("{0}", (obj == DBNull.Value || obj == null ? "null" : obj));
}
objects[i + 1] = str;
}
WriteLine(format, objects);
}
WriteLine(footer);
WriteLine();
}
private static void PrintRows(DataView dataView, bool rowOrdinals, int top, ValueToStringHandler toString, string[] columnNames)
{
string ordinalColumnName = null;
DataTable dataTable = GetTableFromView(dataView, rowOrdinals, top, ref ordinalColumnName);
PrintRows(dataTable, dataTable.AsEnumerable(), rowOrdinals, top, toString, columnNames, ordinalColumnName);
}
private static DataTable GetTableFromView(DataView dataView, bool rowOrdinals, int top, ref string ordinalColumnName)
{
DataTable dataTable = dataView.ToTable();
if (rowOrdinals)
{
ordinalColumnName = "_ordinal";
while (dataTable.Columns.Contains(ordinalColumnName))
ordinalColumnName = "_" + ordinalColumnName;
dataTable.Columns.Add(ordinalColumnName, typeof(int));
var it = dataView.GetEnumerator();
int rowCounter = -1;
while (it.MoveNext())
{
rowCounter++;
if (top > 0 && rowCounter >= top)
break;
DataRow dataRow = ((DataRowView)it.Current).Row;
dataTable.Rows[rowCounter][ordinalColumnName] = dataRow.Table.Rows.IndexOf(dataRow);
}
}
return dataTable;
}
private static DataColumn[] GetColumns(DataTable dataTable, string[] columnNames, string ordinalColumnName = null)
{
if (columnNames != null && columnNames.Length > 0)
return columnNames.Join(dataTable.Columns.Cast<DataColumn>(), n => n, c => c.ColumnName, (n, c) => c, StringComparer.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase).Where(c => string.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinalColumnName) || c.ColumnName != ordinalColumnName).ToArray();
else
return dataTable.Columns.Cast<DataColumn>().Where(c => string.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinalColumnName) || c.ColumnName != ordinalColumnName).ToArray();
}
private static void CalculateLengths(DataRow row, DataColumn[] columns, int[] lengths, ValueToStringHandler toString)
{
for (int i = 0; i < columns.Length; i++)
{
object obj = row[columns[i]];
string str = null;
if (toString != null)
{
str = toString(obj, row, columns[i]);
if (str == null)
str = "null";
}
else
{
str = string.Format("{0}", (obj == DBNull.Value || obj == null ? "null" : obj));
}
if (lengths[i] < str.Length)
lengths[i] = str.Length;
}
}
#endregion
#region PrintList DataTable
public static void PrintList(this DataTable dataTable, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataTable, false, 0, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataTable dataTable, bool rowOrdinals, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataTable, rowOrdinals, 0, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataTable dataTable, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataTable, false, top, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataTable dataTable, bool rowOrdinals, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataTable, rowOrdinals, top, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataTable dataTable, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataTable, false, 0, toString, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataTable dataTable, bool rowOrdinals, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataTable, rowOrdinals, 0, toString, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataTable dataTable, int top, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataTable, false, top, toString, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataTable dataTable, int repeatColumns, RepeatDirection repeatDirection, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataTable, false, 0, null, repeatColumns: repeatColumns, repeatDirection: repeatDirection, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataTable dataTable, bool rowOrdinals = false, int top = 0, ValueToStringHandler toString = null, int repeatColumns = 2, RepeatDirection repeatDirection = RepeatDirection.Vertical, string delimiter = ": ", params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintListRows(dataTable, dataTable.AsEnumerable(), rowOrdinals, top, toString, repeatColumns, repeatDirection, delimiter, columnNames);
}
#endregion
#region PrintList DataView
public static void PrintList(this DataView dataView, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataView, false, 0, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataView dataView, bool rowOrdinals, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataView, rowOrdinals, 0, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataView dataView, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataView, false, top, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataView dataView, bool rowOrdinals, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataView, rowOrdinals, top, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataView dataView, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataView, false, 0, toString, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataView dataView, bool rowOrdinals, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataView, rowOrdinals, 0, toString, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataView dataView, int top, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataView, false, top, toString, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataView dataView, int repeatColumns, RepeatDirection repeatDirection, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataView, false, 0, null, repeatColumns: repeatColumns, repeatDirection: repeatDirection, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataView dataView, bool rowOrdinals = false, int top = 0, ValueToStringHandler toString = null, int repeatColumns = 2, RepeatDirection repeatDirection = RepeatDirection.Vertical, string delimiter = ": ", params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintListRows(dataView, rowOrdinals, top, toString, repeatColumns, repeatDirection, delimiter, columnNames);
}
#endregion
#region PrintList DataSet
public static void PrintList(this DataSet dataSet, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataSet, false, 0, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataSet dataSet, bool rowOrdinals, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataSet, rowOrdinals, 0, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataSet dataSet, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataSet, false, top, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataSet dataSet, bool rowOrdinals, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataSet, rowOrdinals, top, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataSet dataSet, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataSet, false, 0, toString, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataSet dataSet, bool rowOrdinals, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataSet, rowOrdinals, 0, toString, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataSet dataSet, int top, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataSet, false, top, toString, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataSet dataSet, int repeatColumns, RepeatDirection repeatDirection, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataSet, false, 0, null, repeatColumns: repeatColumns, repeatDirection: repeatDirection, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataSet dataSet, bool rowOrdinals = false, int top = 0, ValueToStringHandler toString = null, int repeatColumns = 2, RepeatDirection repeatDirection = RepeatDirection.Vertical, string delimiter = ": ", params string[] columnNames)
{
foreach (DataTable dataTable in dataSet.Tables)
PrintList(dataTable, rowOrdinals, top, toString, repeatColumns, repeatDirection, delimiter, columnNames);
}
#endregion
#region PrintList DataRow[]
public static void PrintList(this DataRow[] dataRows, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataRows, false, 0, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataRow[] dataRows, bool rowOrdinals, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataRows, rowOrdinals, 0, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataRow[] dataRows, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataRows, false, top, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataRow[] dataRows, bool rowOrdinals, int top, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataRows, rowOrdinals, top, null, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataRow[] dataRows, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataRows, false, 0, toString, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataRow[] dataRows, bool rowOrdinals, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataRows, rowOrdinals, 0, toString, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataRow[] dataRows, int top, ValueToStringHandler toString, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataRows, false, top, toString, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataRow[] dataRows, int repeatColumns, RepeatDirection repeatDirection, params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintList(dataRows, false, 0, null, repeatColumns: repeatColumns, repeatDirection: repeatDirection, columnNames: columnNames);
}
public static void PrintList(this DataRow[] dataRows, bool rowOrdinals = false, int top = 0, ValueToStringHandler toString = null, int repeatColumns = 2, RepeatDirection repeatDirection = RepeatDirection.Vertical, string delimiter = ": ", params string[] columnNames)
{
PrintListRows((dataRows.Length != 0 ? dataRows[0].Table : null), dataRows, rowOrdinals, top, toString, repeatColumns, repeatDirection, delimiter, columnNames);
}
#endregion
#region PrintList Helper Methods
public enum RepeatDirection
{
Horizontal = 0,
Vertical = 1,
}
private static void PrintListRows(DataTable dataTable, IEnumerable<DataRow> dataRows, bool rowOrdinals, int top, ValueToStringHandler toString, int repeatColumns, RepeatDirection repeatDirection, string delimiter, string[] columnNames, string ordinalColumnName = null)
{
if (dataTable != null && string.IsNullOrEmpty(dataTable.TableName) == false)
WriteLine("{0}:", dataTable.TableName);
if (dataRows.Count() == 0)
{
WriteLine("No rows were selected");
WriteLine();
return;
}
DataColumn[] columns = GetColumns(dataTable, columnNames, ordinalColumnName);
if (columns.Length == 0)
{
WriteLine("No columns were selected");
WriteLine();
return;
}
if (top > 0)
dataRows = dataRows.Take(top);
int columnsLength = columns.Select(c => c.ColumnName.Length).Max();
int[] lengths = new int[columns.Length];
foreach (DataRow row in dataRows)
CalculateLengths(row, columns, lengths, toString);
int rowsLength = lengths.Max();
if (rowOrdinals)
{
if (dataRows.Count() > 0)
{
if (columnsLength < 7) // "Ordinal".Length
columnsLength = 7;
int maxRowOrdinal = 0;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinalColumnName))
maxRowOrdinal = dataRows.Select(row => row.Table.Rows.IndexOf(row)).Max();
else
maxRowOrdinal = dataRows.Select(row => (int)row[ordinalColumnName]).Max();
if (maxRowOrdinal > -1)
{
int rowOrdinalsLength = maxRowOrdinal.ToString().Length;
if (rowsLength < rowOrdinalsLength)
rowsLength = rowOrdinalsLength;
}
}
}
if (repeatColumns < 1)
repeatColumns = 1;
if (repeatColumns > dataRows.Count())
repeatColumns = dataRows.Count();
int lastRowFilledCellsCount = dataRows.Count() % repeatColumns;
if (lastRowFilledCellsCount == 0)
lastRowFilledCellsCount = repeatColumns;
int lastRowEmptyCellsCount = repeatColumns - lastRowFilledCellsCount;
int rowsCount = (dataRows.Count() / repeatColumns) + (dataRows.Count() % repeatColumns > 0 ? 1 : 0);
if (delimiter == null)
delimiter = string.Empty;
string cellFormat = string.Format(" {{{{0,-{0}}}}}{1}{{{{{{0}},-{2}}}}} {3}", columnsLength, delimiter, rowsLength, Verticl_Bar);
string horizontal = new String(Horizontal_Bar, columnsLength + delimiter.Length + rowsLength + 2);
string header = Top_Left.ToString();
string separator = Middle_Left.ToString();
string footer = Bottom_Left.ToString();
string format = Verticl_Bar.ToString();
int k = 0;
for (; k < repeatColumns - 1; k++)
{
header += horizontal + Top_Center;
separator += horizontal + Middle_Center;
footer += horizontal + Bottom_Center;
format += string.Format(cellFormat, k + 1);
}
k = repeatColumns - 1;
if (k >= 0)
{
header += horizontal + Top_Right;
separator += horizontal + Middle_Right;
footer += horizontal + Bottom_Right;
format += string.Format(cellFormat, k + 1);
}
string formatPartial = format;
if (lastRowEmptyCellsCount > 0)
{
formatPartial = Verticl_Bar.ToString();
for (int i = 0; i < lastRowFilledCellsCount; i++)
formatPartial += string.Format(cellFormat, i + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < lastRowEmptyCellsCount; i++)
formatPartial += new String(' ', columnsLength + delimiter.Length + rowsLength + 2) + Verticl_Bar;
}
object[] objects = new object[repeatColumns + 1];
if (repeatDirection == RepeatDirection.Horizontal)
{
for (int i = 0; i < rowsCount; i++)
{
WriteLine(i == 0 ? header : separator);
var rows = dataRows.Skip(i * repeatColumns).Take(repeatColumns);
PrintListRow(rows, columns, objects, (i < rowsCount - 1 ? format : formatPartial), rowOrdinals, toString, ordinalColumnName);
}
}
else if (repeatDirection == RepeatDirection.Vertical && lastRowEmptyCellsCount == 0)
{
for (int i = 0; i < rowsCount; i++)
{
WriteLine(i == 0 ? header : separator);
var rows = dataRows.Where((r, n) => n % rowsCount == i);
PrintListRow(rows, columns, objects, (i < rowsCount - 1 ? format : formatPartial), rowOrdinals, toString, ordinalColumnName);
}
}
else if (repeatDirection == RepeatDirection.Vertical && lastRowEmptyCellsCount > 0)
{
for (int i = 0; i < rowsCount; i++)
{
WriteLine(i == 0 ? header : separator);
var rows = dataRows.Where((r, n) =>
(n < lastRowFilledCellsCount * rowsCount && n % rowsCount == i) ||
(n >= lastRowFilledCellsCount * rowsCount && (n - (lastRowFilledCellsCount * rowsCount)) % (rowsCount - 1) == i)
);
PrintListRow(rows, columns, objects, (i < rowsCount - 1 ? format : formatPartial), rowOrdinals, toString, ordinalColumnName);
}
}
WriteLine(footer);
WriteLine();
}
private static void PrintListRows(DataView dataView, bool rowOrdinals, int top, ValueToStringHandler toString, int repeatColumns, RepeatDirection repeatDirection, string delimiter, string[] columnNames)
{
string ordinalColumnName = null;
DataTable dataTable = GetTableFromView(dataView, rowOrdinals, top, ref ordinalColumnName);
PrintListRows(dataTable, dataTable.AsEnumerable(), rowOrdinals, top, toString, repeatColumns, repeatDirection, delimiter, columnNames, ordinalColumnName);
}
private static void PrintListRow(IEnumerable<DataRow> rows, DataColumn[] columns, object[] objects, string format, bool rowOrdinals, ValueToStringHandler toString, string ordinalColumnName)
{
if (rowOrdinals)
{
IEnumerable<int> ordinals = null;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinalColumnName))
ordinals = rows.Select(row => row.Table.Rows.IndexOf(row));
else
ordinals = rows.Select(row => (int)row[ordinalColumnName]);
objects[0] = "Ordinal";
int k = 1;
foreach (int ordinal in ordinals)
objects[k++] = (ordinal > -1 ? ordinal : (int?)null);
WriteLine(format, objects);
}
for (int i = 0; i < columns.Length; i++)
{
objects[0] = columns[i].ColumnName;
int k = 1;
foreach (DataRow row in rows)
{
object obj = row[columns[i]];
string str = null;
if (toString != null)
{
str = toString(obj, row, columns[i]);
if (str == null)
str = "null";
}
else
{
str = string.Format("{0}", (obj == DBNull.Value || obj == null ? "null" : obj));
}
objects[k++] = str;
}
WriteLine(format, objects);
}
}
#endregion
#region Write, WriteLine
public delegate void WriteHandler(string value = null, params object[] args);
public delegate void WriteLineHandler(string value = null, params object[] args);
public static event WriteHandler Write = ConsoleWrite;
public static event WriteLineHandler WriteLine = ConsoleWriteLine;
public static void SetOutput(WriteHandler writeHandler, WriteLineHandler writeLineHandler)
{
Write = null;
WriteLine = null;
Write += writeHandler;
WriteLine += writeLineHandler;
}
public static void SetOutputConsole()
{
SetOutput(ConsoleWrite, ConsoleWriteLine);
}
public static void SetOutputStringBuilder(StringBuilder builder)
{
SetOutput(
(value, args) => StringBuilderWrite(builder, value, args),
(value, args) => StringBuilderWriteLine(builder, value, args)
);
}
public static void SetOutputStream(Stream stream)
{
SetOutputStream(stream, Encoding.UTF8);
}
public static void SetOutputStream(Stream stream, Encoding encoding)
{
SetOutput(
(value, args) => StreamWrite(stream, encoding ?? Encoding.UTF8, value, args),
(value, args) => StreamWriteLine(stream, encoding ?? Encoding.UTF8, value, args)
);
}
#region Console
private static void ConsoleWrite(string value = null, params object[] args)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
return;
if (args == null)
Console.Write(value);
else
Console.Write(value, args);
}
private static void ConsoleWriteLine(string value = null, params object[] args)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
Console.WriteLine();
else if (args == null)
Console.WriteLine(value);
else
Console.WriteLine(value, args);
}
#endregion
#region StringBuilder
private static void StringBuilderWrite(StringBuilder builder, string value = null, params object[] args)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
return;
if (args == null)
builder.Append(value);
else
builder.AppendFormat(value, args);
}
private static void StringBuilderWriteLine(StringBuilder builder, string value = null, params object[] args)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
{
builder.AppendLine();
}
else if (args == null)
{
builder.AppendLine(value);
}
else
{
builder.AppendFormat(value, args);
builder.AppendLine();
}
}
#endregion
#region Stream
private static void StreamWrite(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, string value = null, params object[] args)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
return;
byte[] buffer = null;
if (args == null)
buffer = encoding.GetBytes(value);
else
buffer = encoding.GetBytes(string.Format(value, args));
stream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
}
private static void StreamWriteLine(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, string value = null, params object[] args)
{
byte[] buffer = null;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value) == false)
{
if (args == null)
buffer = encoding.GetBytes(value);
else
buffer = encoding.GetBytes(string.Format(value, args));
stream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
}
buffer = encoding.GetBytes(Environment.NewLine);
stream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
}
#endregion
#endregion
#region Border
private const char ASCII_MINUS = '-';
private const char ASCII_VERTICL_BAR = '|';
private const char ASCII_PLUS = '+';
private const char EXTENDED_ASCII_HORIZONTAL_BAR = '─';
private const char EXTENDED_ASCII_VERTICL_BAR = '│';
private const char EXTENDED_ASCII_TOP_LEFT = '┌';
private const char EXTENDED_ASCII_TOP_CENTER = '┬';
private const char EXTENDED_ASCII_TOP_RIGHT = '┐';
private const char EXTENDED_ASCII_MIDDLE_LEFT = '├';
private const char EXTENDED_ASCII_MIDDLE_CENTER = '┼';
private const char EXTENDED_ASCII_MIDDLE_RIGHT = '┤';
private const char EXTENDED_ASCII_BOTTOM_LEFT = '└';
private const char EXTENDED_ASCII_BOTTOM_CENTER = '┴';
private const char EXTENDED_ASCII_BOTTOM_RIGHT = '┘';
private static char Horizontal_Bar;
private static char Verticl_Bar;
private static char Top_Left;
private static char Top_Center;
private static char Top_Right;
private static char Middle_Left;
private static char Middle_Center;
private static char Middle_Right;
private static char Bottom_Left;
private static char Bottom_Center;
private static char Bottom_Right;
public static void ClearBorder()
{
Horizontal_Bar = ' ';
Verticl_Bar = ' ';
Top_Left = ' ';
Top_Center = ' ';
Top_Right = ' ';
Middle_Left = ' ';
Middle_Center = ' ';
Middle_Right = ' ';
Bottom_Left = ' ';
Bottom_Center = ' ';
Bottom_Right = ' ';
}
public static void ASCIIBorder()
{
Horizontal_Bar = ASCII_MINUS;
Verticl_Bar = ASCII_VERTICL_BAR;
Top_Left = ASCII_PLUS;
Top_Center = ASCII_PLUS;
Top_Right = ASCII_PLUS;
Middle_Left = ASCII_PLUS;
Middle_Center = ASCII_PLUS;
Middle_Right = ASCII_PLUS;
Bottom_Left = ASCII_PLUS;
Bottom_Center = ASCII_PLUS;
Bottom_Right = ASCII_PLUS;
}
public static void ExtendedASCIIBorder()
{
Horizontal_Bar = EXTENDED_ASCII_HORIZONTAL_BAR;
Verticl_Bar = EXTENDED_ASCII_VERTICL_BAR;
Top_Left = EXTENDED_ASCII_TOP_LEFT;
Top_Center = EXTENDED_ASCII_TOP_CENTER;
Top_Right = EXTENDED_ASCII_TOP_RIGHT;
Middle_Left = EXTENDED_ASCII_MIDDLE_LEFT;
Middle_Center = EXTENDED_ASCII_MIDDLE_CENTER;
Middle_Right = EXTENDED_ASCII_MIDDLE_RIGHT;
Bottom_Left = EXTENDED_ASCII_BOTTOM_LEFT;
Bottom_Center = EXTENDED_ASCII_BOTTOM_CENTER;
Bottom_Right = EXTENDED_ASCII_BOTTOM_RIGHT;
}
static PrintDataExtensions()
{
ExtendedASCIIBorder();
}
#endregion
}
} | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e72fc6ddb5b09b096438443e317e80d892741fe4e4c5a84ec6cf9f769fcf54a5'} |
<annotation>
<folder>widerface</folder>
<filename>2--Demonstration_2_Demonstration_Demonstration_Or_Protest_2_465.jpg</filename>
<source>
<database>wider face Database</database>
<annotation>PASCAL VOC2007</annotation>
<image>flickr</image>
<flickrid>-1</flickrid>
</source>
<owner>
<flickrid>yanyu</flickrid>
<name>yanyu</name>
</owner>
<size>
<width>1024</width>
<height>691</height>
<depth>3</depth>
</size>
<segmented>0</segmented>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>40</xmin>
<ymin>450</ymin>
<xmax>66</xmax>
<ymax>476</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>46.388</x1>
<y1>457.049</y1>
<x2>56.464</x2>
<y2>457.214</y2>
<x3>49.031</x3>
<y3>462.17</y3>
<x4>45.728</x4>
<y4>468.281</y4>
<x5>53.987</x5>
<y5>467.951</y5>
<visible>0</visible>
<blur>0.47</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>116</xmin>
<ymin>440</ymin>
<xmax>139</xmax>
<ymax>469</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>121.75</x1>
<y1>448.0</y1>
<x2>135.062</x2>
<y2>448.562</y2>
<x3>124.562</x3>
<y3>453.438</y3>
<x4>120.25</x4>
<y4>460.375</y4>
<x5>129.25</x5>
<y5>462.062</y5>
<visible>0</visible>
<blur>0.47</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>118</xmin>
<ymin>497</ymin>
<xmax>148</xmax>
<ymax>526</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>127.688</x1>
<y1>505.188</y1>
<x2>141.938</x2>
<y2>506.312</y2>
<x3>134.625</x3>
<y3>512.5</y3>
<x4>128.438</x4>
<y4>517.375</y4>
<x5>138.938</x5>
<y5>518.125</y5>
<visible>1</visible>
<blur>0.45</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>95</xmin>
<ymin>551</ymin>
<xmax>128</xmax>
<ymax>583</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>102.107</x1>
<y1>562.933</y1>
<x2>115.955</x2>
<y2>563.562</y2>
<x3>108.402</x3>
<y3>570.487</y3>
<x4>102.737</x4>
<y4>575.312</y4>
<x5>114.067</x5>
<y5>576.781</y5>
<visible>0</visible>
<blur>0.46</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>332</xmin>
<ymin>539</ymin>
<xmax>354</xmax>
<ymax>568</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>336.509</x1>
<y1>543.616</y1>
<x2>349.871</x2>
<y2>543.433</y2>
<x3>343.098</x3>
<y3>550.388</y3>
<x4>339.987</x4>
<y4>559.723</y4>
<x5>349.504</x5>
<y5>559.723</y5>
<visible>0</visible>
<blur>0.33</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>375</xmin>
<ymin>546</ymin>
<xmax>402</xmax>
<ymax>582</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>381.353</x1>
<y1>554.621</y1>
<x2>392.737</x2>
<y2>558.491</y2>
<x3>381.353</x3>
<y3>561.906</y3>
<x4>377.482</x4>
<y4>570.558</y4>
<x5>387.5</x5>
<y5>573.29</y5>
<visible>0</visible>
<blur>0.51</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>433</xmin>
<ymin>561</ymin>
<xmax>464</xmax>
<ymax>596</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>440.214</x1>
<y1>571.67</y1>
<x2>454.33</x2>
<y2>572.58</y2>
<x3>446.589</x3>
<y3>581.915</y3>
<x4>441.808</x4>
<y4>588.746</y4>
<x5>452.281</x5>
<y5>589.656</y5>
<visible>1</visible>
<blur>0.47</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>30</xmin>
<ymin>318</ymin>
<xmax>48</xmax>
<ymax>338</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>35.522</x1>
<y1>326.205</y1>
<x2>43.42</x2>
<y2>325.946</y2>
<x3>39.277</x3>
<y3>329.183</y3>
<x4>35.781</x4>
<y4>333.067</y4>
<x5>41.737</x5>
<y5>333.067</y5>
<visible>1</visible>
<blur>0.35</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>190</xmin>
<ymin>373</ymin>
<xmax>209</xmax>
<ymax>401</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>195.156</x1>
<y1>384.304</y1>
<x2>204.125</x2>
<y2>383.754</y2>
<x3>199.915</x3>
<y3>389.062</y3>
<x4>195.888</x4>
<y4>394.371</y4>
<x5>203.576</x5>
<y5>394.188</y5>
<visible>0</visible>
<blur>0.46</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>197</xmin>
<ymin>312</ymin>
<xmax>215</xmax>
<ymax>331</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>201.263</x1>
<y1>317.607</y1>
<x2>209.46</x2>
<y2>317.487</y2>
<x3>205.362</x3>
<y3>321.585</y3>
<x4>202.228</x4>
<y4>325.562</y4>
<x5>207.652</x5>
<y5>325.683</y5>
<visible>1</visible>
<blur>0.41</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>22</xmin>
<ymin>226</ymin>
<xmax>34</xmax>
<ymax>243</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>26.772</x1>
<y1>232.496</y1>
<x2>30.79</x2>
<y2>234.17</y2>
<x3>27.219</x3>
<y3>235.844</y3>
<x4>24.875</x4>
<y4>236.402</y4>
<x5>27.442</x5>
<y5>238.411</y5>
<visible>0</visible>
<blur>0.24</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>30</xmin>
<ymin>260</ymin>
<xmax>44</xmax>
<ymax>280</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>34.817</x1>
<y1>267.817</y1>
<x2>41.29</x2>
<y2>267.817</y2>
<x3>38.571</x3>
<y3>271.83</y3>
<x4>35.205</x4>
<y4>275.455</y4>
<x5>40.902</x5>
<y5>275.585</y5>
<visible>1</visible>
<blur>0.39</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>120</xmin>
<ymin>244</ymin>
<xmax>132</xmax>
<ymax>257</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>122.616</x1>
<y1>249.397</y1>
<x2>127.112</x2>
<y2>249.821</y2>
<x3>122.955</x3>
<y3>252.621</y3>
<x4>121.429</x4>
<y4>254.317</y4>
<x5>124.482</x5>
<y5>255.08</y5>
<visible>1</visible>
<blur>0.26</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>82</xmin>
<ymin>223</ymin>
<xmax>92</xmax>
<ymax>236</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>85.857</x1>
<y1>227.714</y1>
<x2>89.875</x2>
<y2>228.438</y2>
<x3>86.982</x3>
<y3>230.768</y3>
<x4>84.732</x4>
<y4>232.295</y4>
<x5>88.348</x5>
<y5>233.259</y5>
<visible>1</visible>
<blur>0.22</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>188</xmin>
<ymin>280</ymin>
<xmax>202</xmax>
<ymax>293</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>191.5</x1>
<y1>283.232</y1>
<x2>197.393</x2>
<y2>282.696</y2>
<x3>194.089</x3>
<y3>286.357</y3>
<x4>191.143</x4>
<y4>289.125</y4>
<x5>197.125</x5>
<y5>289.839</y5>
<visible>0</visible>
<blur>0.3</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>222</xmin>
<ymin>255</ymin>
<xmax>234</xmax>
<ymax>271</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>226.062</x1>
<y1>259.83</y1>
<x2>232.018</x2>
<y2>260.138</y2>
<x3>228.527</x3>
<y3>263.321</y3>
<x4>226.371</x4>
<y4>265.991</y4>
<x5>230.478</x5>
<y5>266.094</y5>
<visible>1</visible>
<blur>0.32</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>234</xmin>
<ymin>305</ymin>
<xmax>248</xmax>
<ymax>321</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>241.179</x1>
<y1>310.857</y1>
<x2>246.0</x2>
<y2>311.393</y2>
<x3>243.643</x3>
<y3>314.286</y3>
<x4>240.964</x4>
<y4>316.857</y4>
<x5>244.821</x5>
<y5>317.5</y5>
<visible>1</visible>
<blur>0.28</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>324</xmin>
<ymin>266</ymin>
<xmax>339</xmax>
<ymax>285</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>328.004</x1>
<y1>274.897</y1>
<x2>334.272</x2>
<y2>274.054</y2>
<x3>330.897</x3>
<y3>277.308</y3>
<x4>329.571</x4>
<y4>281.165</y4>
<x5>334.272</x5>
<y5>280.683</y5>
<visible>1</visible>
<blur>0.34</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>426</xmin>
<ymin>270</ymin>
<xmax>438</xmax>
<ymax>285</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>429.045</x1>
<y1>274.446</y1>
<x2>433.562</x2>
<y2>274.545</y2>
<x3>431.107</x3>
<y3>277.491</y3>
<x4>428.357</x4>
<y4>280.241</y4>
<x5>433.071</x5>
<y5>280.634</y5>
<visible>1</visible>
<blur>0.31</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>336</xmin>
<ymin>216</ymin>
<xmax>348</xmax>
<ymax>230</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>340.031</x1>
<y1>220.812</y1>
<x2>344.625</x2>
<y2>221.375</y2>
<x3>341.719</x3>
<y3>223.531</y3>
<x4>339.469</x4>
<y4>225.781</y4>
<x5>343.781</x5>
<y5>226.156</y5>
<visible>1</visible>
<blur>0.31</blur>
</lm>
<has_lm>1</has_lm>
</object>
<object>
<name>face</name>
<pose>Unspecified</pose>
<truncated>1</truncated>
<difficult>0</difficult>
<bndbox>
<xmin>274</xmin>
<ymin>318</ymin>
<xmax>290</xmax>
<ymax>336</ymax>
</bndbox>
<lm>
<x1>276.973</x1>
<y1>325.536</y1>
<x2>282.661</x2>
<y2>324.027</y2>
<x3>279.062</x3>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<lm>
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<object>
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<lm>
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<object>
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<lm>
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<object>
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<lm>
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<object>
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<lm>
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<object>
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<lm>
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<object>
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<lm>
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<object>
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<lm>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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<object>
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[REQ_ERR: 403] [KTrafficClient] Something is wrong. Enable debug mode to see the reason. Paypal slots - Real money slots australia
Paypal slots - Real money slots australia
Jokerizer ModeJokerizer Mode is triggered when any winning combination is made. When Jokerizer Mode is triggered, you have the option to collect your winnings, or pay an additional 20 coins per spin to play Jokerizer Mode with extra joker wild symbols on the reels. When two jokers appear anywhere on the reels, then you will receive a Mystery Win worth between 20 and 6000 coins. If you trigger a Mystery Win worth more than 1000 coins, then the Jokerizer Mode will end.
Players who claim the welcome bonus must wager the bonus amount 50 times before they can withdraw. In addition, the wagering requirements must be cleared within 7 days, which makes it ideal for passionate players.
The 3 reel, 5 pay-line poker machine offers wild symbols, scatter symbols, and free spins. Bill and Ted Pokies have no progressive jackpot, but it otherwise has most of the features players want in a video slots game.
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One of the best features of the game is its Selective Stacking. This feature ensures the possibility of triggering a full reel of symbols during every spin. The benefit of stacking symbols is that it triggers more winning combinations. Obviously, it is not as generous as stacked wilds, but it goes a long way to increasing the player’s chances of winning. Several other IGT games offer this feature, including: Vivaldi’s Seasons, The Mighty Atlas and Ringling Bros.
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Dutch players have an easy time finding a store where they can get their hands on a voucher or the 16 number PIN. Paysafecard is also easy to use! No wonder it’s among the most frequently used deposit options amongst Dutch casino players.
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Divine Fortune by Net Ent is a 5 reel, 20 payline pokie which can be played on your desktop, mobile or tablet, with coin values ranging from 0.01 to 0.50. You’ll head underground to a Greek temple, which is guarded by two goddesses, and a Grecian urn with golden lights coming out of it. The reels have a sumptuous feel, sitting as they do in a gold frame, with the title lit up in gold above.
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Sky’s the Limit is a modern take on the classic five-reel pokie. The aim of the game is to match two or three or more fun, plane-themed symbols to win coins. Your matching symbols must appear on consecutive reels from left to right with no spaces.
Desert Treasure II is an online pokie from Playtech. With vibrant graphics, fun gameplay and generous winning potential, this game ensures that all types of pokie fans will have a great gaming experience while spinning the reels.
The Osbournes Pokies is based on a popular American reality TV show featuring Ozzy Osbourne and his family, which ran from 2002 to 2005. The theme song featured a rendition of Ozzy’s world famous Crazy Train, as sung by old-fashioned American pop singer Pat Boone. The show made celebrities out of previously little-known Osbourne family members: Sharon, Kelly, and Jack. Sharon Osbourne went on to host her own talk show in America, while also co-hosting America’s Got Talent in the US and X-Factor in the United Kingdom. Kelly Osbourne started her own singing career, while presenting his own TV shows, such as Jack Osbourne: Adrenaline Junkie and Saving Planet Earth (a BBC show). The family was known for their antics on the show, while Ozzy seemed to be almost incoherent at times.
A programmer has spoken out in court against the company, stating that the games were programmed to never pay out jackpots. They would only pay out these large prizes when the override function was used, and it was only engaged when a friend or family member would play the games. He states that at least 95% of Sheriff Gaming online pokies were programmed in this fashion. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '145', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9521394968032836}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '19505', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VIFRVNKS4SCJU4JTPAGMA7LCNX754ZTY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:69a25d65-6582-492b-b769-94e32b9ef26f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 14, 1, 49, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.27.151.208', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZISDYPCHSGI2GNLSPF5EZC5XSYA3NFO4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f52e0b62-a136-4219-b5b3-57f364adb88c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://ttcasino.tk/page-7674/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:6eae8517-bd4d-49f6-aa46-acff83017d37>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1148', 'url': 'https://ttcasino.tk/page-7674/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-133.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.026974380016326904', 'original_id': '4f77ba5e8e7bb04b6b9ccfc32173b63def6e3b403914317d7c77f1cbfdaf3400'} |
Rural Retirement: The Right Move for You? - Sutton — Canadian Real Estate Listings & Agents |
Rural Retirement: The Right Move for You?
06 November 2017
Rural Retirement: The Right Move for You?
According to the latest data from Statistics Canada, only 19% of us live in rural areas. By comparison, the rate was 55% less than a hundred years ago. Why the radical, if lengthy, demographic shift? One key reason was mechanization, which reduced the need for manual labour in farming, forestry, mining and similar industries. People moved to cities to find employment as well as to enjoy a greater range of cultural and educational opportunities.
Today, a different demographic change is taking place: the exodus from rural areas has ended. In fact, the percentage of rural dwellers has been holding steady for more than a decade. People are choosing rural properties as an affordable alternative to major metropolitan areas. Instead of paying $1 million for a character home in Toronto, people can snap up pretty lakeside cottages, seaside hideaways, or sprawling country homes with money to spare.
This type of move is especially suited to retirees who are free from the constraints of showing up at a workplace each day. And it is not simply money that attracts retirees.
After city life, many people relish the opportunity to step out their front doors and experience forests, lakes, or rolling farmland instead of noisy streets congested with traffic.
Interestingly, while mechanization compelled people to move to urban areas, modern technology is now making rural life a more comfortable option. Cell phones, satellite television and the internet allow retirees to stay connected, take online courses and purchase just about anything imaginable for home delivery. Geothermal systems, solar electricity and solar water heating are also making it possible to live in ‘off the grid’ regions.
Depending on the specific area, rural living can offer significantly lower property taxes (but also fewer services and amenities).
While most people hope to retire in good health, over the years, it is common to experience mobility issues, age-related vision and hearing loss and the need to visit a doctor more often. When choosing a place to retire, consider these important factors:
Community services
• Most of Canada experiences snow in the winter. Will the local municipality clear the roads and sidewalks? If not, it could negatively impact safety and a sense of independence.
• Does the community have public transportation including wheelchair-accessible buses? If not, it is important to budget for private transportation/deliveries, or a move to a more suitable community, when it becomes necessary.
• Is there a library nearby? Libraries offer a wide range of large-print books for the visually impaired along with free access to thousands of regular books, audio files and movies.
• Is there is a community center nearby for fitness and socializing?
Medical Services
• Ideally, select a property that is reasonably close to a hospital or medical clinic, or is in a region with emergency helicopter transportation.
• Are in-home care services available through the local health authority? If not, are private services available?
It can be tempting to purchase a grand country estate using the proceeds of a modest city home, but consider the long-term costs. A large house requires more cleaning, more roofing and siding to maintain and replace, higher utility bills, etc. Similarly, a spacious yard is lovely, but it becomes more challenging to maintain with age, often requiring paid lawn care services. A smaller, well-built home can leave more money for savings.
Mobility should be a consideration when purchasing any retirement property. Although Canadians are staying healthy longer, many will eventually require a wheelchair, walker or cane. These are easiest to use in a single-level, ranch-style home without stairs.
Loneliness and social isolation may represent a greater public health hazard than obesity, and their impact has been growing, according to research presented at the 125th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association in August 2017.
At the convention, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, PhD, professor of psychology at Brigham Young University, made this statement: “There is robust evidence that social isolation and loneliness significantly increase risk for premature mortality, and the magnitude of the risk exceeds that of many leading health indicators.”
People can feel isolated and alone anywhere—even in a city of millions of people. However, living far from another human being certainly makes socializing more difficult! Communities that offer golf, card games, yoga and art classes, gardening clubs, etc. can make life much more enjoyable and very likely healthier.
Following a dream to live in a picturesque rural setting can be very rewarding—no matter how long that dream lasts.
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '86', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9421507716178894}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '24858', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VWYWQ2RAWWHXZRCE27T2MBQIEEPCLH5O', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:12385a95-2ea0-498f-97ee-8bcfe1a8ef7f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 23, 21, 30, 4), 'WARC-IP-Address': '52.176.6.37', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OFHY4DP7HUY3VQPWXUD7LWTUKQ4GYBH7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8252e249-4337-475f-810b-19303a47d3e7>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.sutton.com/Buyer/Buyer-blog/2017/11/06/Rural-Retirement-The-Right-Move-for-You', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4a502344-839b-4980-8fe8-413802f1a623>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '831', 'url': 'https://www.sutton.com/Buyer/Buyer-blog/2017/11/06/Rural-Retirement-The-Right-Move-for-You', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-30-205-180.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0289766788482666', 'original_id': '694042f8180fbb2abb6ec6201bbbdb45cb68982a66c32fd8b78df84bac8e367c'} |
French Studies
French Studies
Hours31.5 - 46.5 Credit Hours
MAPMajor Academic Plan
Program Requirements
requirement 1 Complete 1 course
requirement 2 Complete 4 courses
Prerequisite courses (or equivalent):
requirement 3 Complete 3 courses
Core courses:
requirement 4 Complete 2 courses
FREN 363 - (Not currently offered)
requirement 5 Complete 5 courses
Courses taken to complete requirements above may not be double counted here. NOTE 1: Students may substitute up to two approved courses from their primary major that are related to this French major. Each course must be approved by the French undergraduate coordinator and will require a "French secondary major course substitution approval form" signed by the professor in their primary major. NOTE 2: A minimum of three of the five elective courses must be taught in French.
FREN 363 - (Not currently offered)
requirement 6 Complete 1 course
Program Outcomes
Language Competence
Demonstrate advanced proficiency in French language skills. For speaking and writing, "advanced" corresponds to officially designated ACTFL guidelines and ratings.
Analyze the literature, language, and cultures of the French-speaking world, drawing upon an ability to evaluate and synthesize relevant primary and critical sources.
Critical Thinking
Demonstrate the ability to critically evaluate literary, cultural, and linguistic problems from the French-speaking world and to discuss them in clear written and oral expression.
Portable Competencies
Graduates in French are able to synthesize and interpret information, communicate effectively, and navigate cultural difference. They can articulate the value of their humanities degree and the relationship between their academic experience and personal and professional goals. This results from coursework but also from experiential learning such as study abroad and internships. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '28', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9257180094718932}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '42150', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6OLDH7GEBXRN5A2QYQ5F5ST255SM5QV3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:84086dce-bd62-4fed-a54c-f5b86cac4a5c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 18, 14, 22, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '128.187.110.232', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DHRLJ74C5SUJ5HGAI675U3WVPHGNZRBR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b44b0666-d551-49e8-97ac-a3dae0093bb3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://catalog2016.byu.edu/humanities/french-and-italian/french-studies-ba', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5a474d37-9f20-4ce5-af6e-573a57b64680>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '309', 'url': 'http://catalog2016.byu.edu/humanities/french-and-italian/french-studies-ba', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-99-212-82.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0763588547706604', 'original_id': '294c79cb6c838f688b487930f566872c173971a0a0165207f778fda02644bb3e'} |
Protein domain structure uncovers the origin of aerobic metabolism and the rise of planetary oxygen.
The origin and evolution of modern biochemistry remain a mystery despite advances in evolutionary bioinformatics. Here, we use a structural census in nearly 1,000 genomes and a molecular clock of folds to define a timeline of appearance of protein families linked to single-domain enzymes. The timeline sorts out enzymatic recruitment, validates patterns in metabolic history, and reveals that the most ancient reaction of aerobic metabolism involved the synthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate or pyridoxal and appeared 2.9 Gyr ago. The oxygen source for this primordial reaction was probably Mn catalase, which appeared at the same time and could have generated oxygen as a side product of hydrogen peroxide detoxification. Finally, evolutionary analysis of transferred groups and metabolite fragments revealed that oxidized sulfur did not participate in metabolism until the rise of oxygen. The evolutionary patterns we uncover in molecules and chemistries provide strong support for the coevolution of biochemistry and geochemistry. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e8ab1a6069c5fcd9cd3e2d539076e4f0a647bb542b5abe49d64237d95ba9128b'} |
Punta ang Homsneset sa Noruwega. Nahimutang ni sa munisipyo sa Kvinesdal ug lalawigan sa Vest-Agder Fylke, sa habagatang bahin sa nasod, km sa habagatan-kasadpan sa Oslo ang ulohan sa nasod.
Ang yuta sa Homsneset kasagaran medyo bungtoron. Kinahabogang dapit sa palibot ang Fladan, ka metros ni kahaboga ibabaw sa dagat, km sa habagatan-kasadpan sa Homsneset. Dunay mga ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Homsneset may kaayo gamay nga populasyon. Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang Flekkefjord, km sa habagatan-kasadpan sa Homsneset. Hapit nalukop sa lasang nga dagomkahoy ang palibot sa Homsneset. Sa rehiyon palibot sa Homsneset, busay, mga kalapukan, ug mga walog talagsaon komon.
Ang klima hemiboreal. Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Disyembre, sa °C.
Saysay
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Mga lawis sa Vest-Agder Fylke
sv:Homsneset | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homsneset', 'collection': 'Wikipedia', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': 'Homsneset', 'creator': 'https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homsneset&action=history', 'language': 'Cebuano', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '139', 'token_count': '263', '__index_level_0__': '45238', 'original_id': '480b164ea7cc442e27cbbb2654a31a92add04409ce2155f5f6d70f75aaa5469b'} |
Gene flow in maize fields with different local pollen densities.
The development of maize (Zea mays L.) varieties as factories of pharmaceutical and industrial compounds has renewed interest in controlling pollen dispersal. The objective of this study was to compare gene flow into maize fields of different local pollen densities under the same environmental conditions. Two fields of approximately 36 ha were planted with a nontransgenic, white hybrid, in Ankeny, Iowa, USA. In the center of both fields, a 1-ha plot of a yellow-seeded stacked RR/Bt transgenic hybrid was planted as a pollen source. Before flowering, the white receiver maize of one field was detasseled in a 4:1 ratio to reduce the local pollen density (RPD). The percentage of outcross in the field with RPD was 42.2%, 6.3%, and 1.3% at 1, 10, and 35 m from the central plot, respectively. The percentage of outcross in the white maize with normal pollen density (NPD) was 30.1%, 2.7%, and 0.4%, respectively, at these distances. At distances greater than 100 m, the outcross frequency decreased below 0.1 and 0.03% in the field with RPD and NPD, respectively. A statistical model was used to compare pollen dispersal based on observed outcross percentages. The likelihood ratio test confirmed that the models of outcrossing in the two fields were significantly different (P is practically 0). Results indicated that when local pollen is low, the incoming pollen has a competitive advantage and the level of outcross is significantly greater than when the local pollen is abundant. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '093ef69862838960556febfaf4374ddf9ceba65578a87a3a7296260c1b7c15aa'} |
Q:
JSch ChannelExec OutputStream not showing the program output. However it works with shell script
I have a program written in java on my local machine. This program connects to a remote machine using the JSch and shows the output on a MessageConsole in the user interface.
I can update the MessageConsole in the UI even though my started script doesn't terminate and outputs random numbers. I can read the OutputStream and show it on the MessageConsole. It works perfectly well.
My problem is the output after starting the C-program. Nothing appears on the OutputStream.
The output only appears if the program terminated completely.
all outputs are either done with
printf
or
std::cout
If I log into the remote machine manually and start the program by hand, my terminal shows all the outputs instantaneously.
I used the ChannelExec to start the program on the remote machine using this:
String program = "sudo ./foo/bar.out";
String continousOutput = "sh ~/foo/bar.sh";
//ProcessWorker(String command, SSHSession ssh, GUI gui)
pw = new ProcessWorker(program, ssh, this);
pw.execute();
The ProcessWorker pw is a SwingWorker class to keep the connection open in the background and updating the GUI without locking it up.
This code does all the dirty work. The SSH connection is already established and works.
protected Void doInBackground() throws Exception {
try {
exec = ssh.session.openChannel("exec");
//command is the String program or continousOutput
((ChannelExec)exec).setCommand(command);
exec.setInputStream(null);
((ChannelExec)exec).setErrStream(System.err);
InputStream in = exec.getInputStream();
exec.connect();
byte [] tmp = new byte[1024];
while(true) {
while(in.available()>0) {
int i = in.read(tmp, 0, 1024);
if(i<0)break;
String response = new String(tmp, 0, i);
check(response); //parse response
System.out.println(response);
//this.publish(); //desperate try to get something
}
if(exec.isClosed()) {
if(in.available() > 0) continue;
System.out.println("exit-status: " + exec.getExitStatus());
break;
}
try {Thread.sleep(1000);} catch(Exception ee) {}
}
exec.disconnect();
} catch (JSchException | IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
I have no more ideas where the problem is. I mean it works perfectly fine with the script.
Any ideas?
A:
The short answer is to allocate PTY (pseudo-TTY) for the remote session. That will probably cause the remote process to emit its output as it's running, instead of all at the end:
exec.setPty(true);
When you run a program through the unix command line, you're communicating with the program through a TTY device. When you launch a program through SSH without requesting a PTY (TTY) for the session, you're communicating with the program through a set of pipes, one each for standard input, output, and error.
Unix programs typically buffer their output. The buffering behavior is built into the standard I/O logic used by most C programs (and also used or replicated by perl, python, and so on). When writing to a TTY, the typical behavior is to buffer output data until a full line is written (ie, the program writes a newline character), then the full line is written to the TTY at once. This is what you experience when you run the program interactively.
When writing to a pipe or a file, the default behavior is to buffer until the buffer is filled up. The buffer might be 8 KB in size. This behavior is based on the assumption that the output isn't going to a human and so the program should behave in the most efficient way possible.
Your description sounds like the program is block-buffering its output, and it's not producing enough output to flush the buffer before the program finishes. You want the program to line-buffer its output instead (or unbuffer it completely). There are a few ways to do that:
You say the program works correctly when you run it interactively. As I noted, requesting a PTY for the ssh session will probably produce that behavior.
You can see if a program like stdbuf or unbuffer is available on the system. These can be use to alter the buffering behavior for a process.
If you have source code for the program in question, you could add logic to alter the default buffering behavior, or to flush the buffer at certain points while the program executes.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '95f799cd514aaebe8c2d5f41073f1d55af6ab0cc26536d4c44d093d9dda137d7'} |
The badgers are coming. And the voles. And – wait for it – the hedgehogs. Not panicking yet? Thomas Eccleshare’s Verity Bargate Award-winning Pastoralmight just change your mind. Or it might not, for this apocalyptic black comedy, currently playing at the Soho Theatre, isn’t quite sure whether it’s the end of the world or just the end of a punch line. What it is certain to do is provoke lively debate at the next Green Party shindig.
Pastoral’s premise is the revenge of the rural, as nature fights back against the tide of man, Day of the Triffids-style (Curiously, the show is sponsored by Kew Gardens, presumably hoping to attract visitors keen to dice with death.) During a burst of unstoppable fecundity, high street stores become nests, roads are swallowed by swamps and trees colonise kitchens.
Eccleshare and director Steve Marmion wisely embrace the lurking hilarity of fluffy creatures and benign foliage turning horror-movie villains, but, on the whole, are careful not to let this absurdity detract from the claustrophobic sense of impending doom. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '2f927f53b778c57a7985109eecded5816686548c8c93b1b39302339aa1a5c619'} |
16 Democratic state senators; Do I hear 17? Going once, going twice ... | WisCommunity
You've heard it here and will no doubt hear it again: What's going on, Democrats?
On Tuesday, we celebrated the swearing-in of two new State Senators, Jennifer Schilling and Jessica King, slicing the Republican majority in the upper house to a single vote, at 17-16.
Those two women won recall elections last month, but Democrats failed to pick up the third seat they needed to be able to block the further passage of the Scott Walker/right-wing Republlican agenda.
A month ago, taking over the State Senate was life and death. So, have we given up, when one more seat would swing the balance? That's the way the media portrays it, reporting only about the possibility of recalling Walker himself next year and speculating about whether that will or could happen.
The latest Journal Sentinel story all but wrote off the legislature:
Half the senators and all the members of the Assembly were not eligible to be recalled this year because they are protected from recalls during the first year of their terms. However, they could be recalled in 2012, and both Fitzgeralds said they were worried more recall efforts could disrupt the work of the Legislature.
"If we start getting recalls again, it can slow the whole process," Jeff Fitzgerald said.
Barca and other Democrats said it would be up to average citizens, rather than party leaders, to decide whether to recall anyone.
"The party's not contemplating it, (but) that doesn't mean it's not going to happen," said Graeme Zielinski, a state Democratic Party spokesman. "There are still people out there who are pretty energized."
That energized bunch apparently would not include the party's leaders. What a shame. Taking one of those seats seems much more attainable, frankly, than recalling Walker, when the Dems don't seem to have a strong opponent to run againat him.
As for Fitzgerald's lament that more recalls might slow down the legislative process, that is exactly what we want to do.We don't just want to slow down the Republican onslaught that will seek to restrict abortion access, ease environmental regulations to allow quick approval of mining, clear the way for more nuclear reactors, and who knows what else -- we want to stop it.
The obvious way to do that, without waiting for another year while Walker and Co. continue to turn Wisconsin into Fitzwalkerstan, is to get control of at least one house of the legislature. The Assembly is out of reach. The Senate is not.
Beginning in November, petitions could be circulated to launch recalls against one or more of the four new Republican senators elected in last year's GOP tsunami.
All four of the swing districts that were up last November went Republican, but all have elected Democrats in the past.
The new senators, and the percentage of the vote they received:
Pam Galloway, Wausau, 52.26%
Terry Moulton, Chippewa Falls, 54.2%
Leah Vukmir, Wauwatosa, 52.15%
Van Wangaard, Racine, 52.52%
Vukmir's seat probably should be off the table. It was kind of a fluke that Jim Sullivan was able to win it before, because a crackpot right-winger Tom Reynolds, preceded him.
But why not put two or even all three of the other three into play? The best bet, in all likelihood, would be to recall Pam Galloway, who won a surprise upset victory over Russ Decker last year. That was a district that no one expected to lose, even when the other three were known to be in danger.
Galloway, Moulton and Wangaard all have voted for the Walker agenda, right down the line including his union-busting and draconian cuts that have crippled education and local governments, while giving tax breaks to fat cats and corporations.
Galloway has gone them one better though, as the sponsor of the concealed carry law that passed the legislature even though the majority of voters oppose it. She was disappointed that something stronger (or weaker. depending upon your point of view) didn't pass, to let people carry guns even without any permits or training.
Unless Dems successfully recall one of those senators, or manage to recall Walker, they can look forward to at least three more years of watching the Republicans railroad one bill after another.
Can't we at least put up a fight?
September 13, 2011 - 8:23pm | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '6', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9703980088233948}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '43348', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:F2CKR3TMP27JMFHDZJCFJP7LGMDZ3BSB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1fda71ae-fdd0-45de-b9a0-431a1e01e571>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 8, 10, 6, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.22.4.164', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:H3ONKDGJEK5RBVDYBW7BSADLXTMSJW6P', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:60586354-94c6-4785-9715-d5b9e5526f9c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.wis.community/blogarticle/16-democratic-state-senators-do-i-hear-17-going-once-going-twice', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:99937843-d1a3-4826-bba9-f195369e39b7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '734', 'url': 'https://www.wis.community/blogarticle/16-democratic-state-senators-do-i-hear-17-going-once-going-twice', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-73\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.11906707286834717', 'original_id': '62d44ac77fdeaf67058a2af822b386cb955ceafd5fd7948f35beb75725c4dfcc'} |
Consumers who have benefited from rising incomes, low unemployment and low inflation are enjoying their growing wealth despite uncertainty in the political and economic landscape. Household consumer confidence is elevated, therefore it is essential for the consumer products industry to adapt, innovate and differentiate themselves in order to be successful.
Capitalization on growth in emerging markets will result in consumer companies seeking opportunities for partnerships or acquisitions/merges in order to access a wider consumer market and leverage market solutions. Bolder, agile approaches to developing and testing innovative ideas will replace more traditional, structured methods. Furthermore, companies are aligning technology in creative ways in order to optimize user engagement and influence sales funnel paths.
With issues of less demand and more competition arising for companies, growth opportunities arise from emerging markets outside the US. Attaining partnerships enable companies to achieve globalization at a lower risk, enabling them to gain deeper insights about the consumers in emerging markets they currently do not have a foothold in.
Consumer product companies have begun to view innovation as a clear source of growth, causing experimentation with new approaches to innovation, such as renovation of previous successful products, venture capital-styled incubators, and crowd sourcing.
Eclipse Automation’s extensive knowledge and experience in the consumer and electronics industries enables us to provide you with the most innovative solutions that add value and enhance business operations. From one-off fabrications to extensive production quantities, we pride ourselves on our respected reputation for producing high-quality, on-time solutions that help you get to the global market quicker.
Source: Deloitte | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9249188899993896}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '132156', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:53RG4YYFOWL75QR5WOW2WXNIZJJV5ACY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:24660e5a-abf8-48c5-a3df-3080c3138349>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 8, 25, 20, 16, 44), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.171.104.194', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GZKMMFHPOOWQFFEH322SISZJC2MBZRX3', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3bdae6c0-8080-4c88-9c51-81b0453cc7cc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.eclipseautomation.com/consumer-industry-2018-outlook-differentiating-from-competitors/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:adb36f51-c4ff-4319-8015-dd6fe0f38b82>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '252', 'url': 'http://www.eclipseautomation.com/consumer-industry-2018-outlook-differentiating-from-competitors/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-35\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05642414093017578', 'original_id': 'fd1b177800e15836a899d8b3fbca50634064681a21e62c2df593f91a1ef25af4'} |
Awareness
Awareness Programmes
The national daily reports – “Kumar, aged 25 bled to death as he was left unattended after an accident on the road. It was too late by then time he could be rushed to the hospital.” What would you have done had you been at the scene? What if Kumar was someone known to you?
We are sure you understand the pain of such a loss, just as ALERT does. Doctors say 75% of such emergencies could have been saved.
Do you know what to do?Let’s say …
You are at home and you suddenly find your child choke on an object that he has swallowed
Or you are at your workplace and your colleague suffers a sudden cardiac arrest
Or you are out in the unbearable heat and you suddenly find your aging father faint, unable to take the heat
Well, these are just a few things that could be just round the corner. We certainly are not here to scare you but to urge you to be in preparedness for such eventualities.
Did you know?
India has the highest number of Road Traffic Accidents in the world.
About 4280 for every 1 lakh people die out of sudden cardiac arrest in India.
The chance of survival upon incidence is less than 1% Clearly, there is a greater need to sensitize ourselves and open our minds to empathize. ALERT understands the crucial role of sensitizing people towards this preparedness because; people are blind to it until suddenly such a situation stares right into the face.
Motivating Factors
The wish, to see a more willing society that springs to action when a life is in danger whether on the road, or home, or workplace or just about anywhere.
The dream, to see the immediate availability of first aid, including CPR and other simple life saving techniques, becoming a reality.
The wish, to remove the myths and the inhibitions in rescuing or saving a person’s life.
ALERT’s Sensitizing Programs in Emergency Response
ALERT conducts Sensitizingprogrammes in emergency response with the following objectives
Sensitize the need for a lay person to get trained
Instill the belief that one can do their part to save a life
ALERT does through various events such as
Mass public events
Roadshows
Puppet shows
Flash mobs
Sensitization workshops for public
ALERTAwareness workshop in Emergency Response
ALERT conducts awareness programmes in emergency response with the following objectives
Introduce participants to International concepts in Emergency Response
Demonstrate the international protocols in rendering emergency response
Demonstrate the internationally recommended techniques
The Awareness workshop would include the following
Inhibition to Render Assistance – a peep into recent amendments in Indian Law | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd1c26ec861799b735209b253ebdb18637ce8e79fac026e584aa99db818bb7afb'} |
I will be talking soon about the advantages of upgrading or installing a newer release of Ubuntu instead of sticking to an older version. A behavior I tend to attribute to Windows users where they stick to an older version of Windows for a long time (Try to picture somebody staying with Ubuntu 5.10 up until now and asking why it has X problem with it)
So what advantages does an end user get when upgrading or installing a newer version or the latest version of Ubuntu and why is something important to be always up to date in the Ubuntu/Linux world.
• This could go either way. First one has to ask "why do I need to upgrade if everything is working and I am happy with my system". This may be interesting to see the reasons behind moving to a different release. – Ringtail Feb 16 '12 at 17:43
• Maybe I'm misunderstanding, but it seems your question is directed toward individual users and not enterprise? It might be illuminating to compare and contrast the needs of both groups. – Chan-Ho Suh Feb 16 '12 at 17:44
Reasons to stay up-to-date:
1) Security. All software has bugs, and code that is exposed to the outside world, either due to being accessible by the outside world (i.e. ssh), reaching out to the outside world (i.e. browsers) or dealing with data you get from the outside world (i.e. gimp opening downloaded images), all of this code can be exploited by virus/malware writers to do bad things to your system.
2) Bugs. Even bugs that don't cause security issues can be annoying, and newer software tends to fix older bugs.
3) Hardware support. Newer versions of the operating system are sometimes required to work with new devices, especially if you're running an '05 version and you now want to connect to a new TYPE of device (that may not have even been invented in '05).
4) Features. Newer software usually has more features, and can do more of what you want.
Reasons to not stay up-to-date:
1) Bugs. Yeah, newer features mean newer bugs, so this is a double-edged sword.
2) Features. Sometimes (i.e. Gnome 3) new features mean your software won't work the same way it used to, and that can be annoying. Thinking about my mom here, and the fact that once she gets used to doing things a certain way, she usually doesn't want to change (at least not without a compelling reason).
The first four points apply to all programs and operating systems, but specifically as they relate to Ubuntu:
1) All active O/S's provide security patches; I prefer Ubuntu, since as a subscriber to their security list, I have a pretty good handle on what I'm updating when the patches are suggested by the update-manager.
2) All software has bugs; I prefer Ubuntu, since as a programmer I can poke around and submit a bug report or patch and have a better likelihood that there's a human on the other end that cares. Anecdotal, to be sure, but I've done this a few times with open source programs; never felt it worth my time with commercial software.
3) I punt on this one, and only used hardware that I know Ubuntu supports well. It's not a bad tactic to use for Windows as well, as they have driver issues themselves.
4) Given the typically free-as-in-beer nature of Ubuntu, upgrading to get new features has no sticker shock, making it a much nicer process than with other O/S's. Just go and grab various programs and give them a spin.
Bottom line here, I think, is that the reasons you SHOULD stay up-to-date are the same for all programs and operating systems, but Ubuntu makes it better in various ways to ACTUALLY stay up-to-date. (YMMV.)
• This is a good answer for general reasons, but what aspects do you think are more (or less) relevant for Ubuntu specifically? – Chan-Ho Suh Feb 16 '12 at 17:51
• 2
True, CS; just added reasons I like Ubuntu, related to each reason to update. – David Jaquay Feb 16 '12 at 18:25
• Great! If I may paraphrase your advantages: 1) More open-ness, commercial vendors are less likely to explain what they fixed 2) More personal communication -- you are reaching a real developer, not a customer service rep 4) Great point here...if Windows upgrades were free, probably a lot more people would do so. Perhaps #3 is the only real weakness, but should get better over time. – Chan-Ho Suh Feb 16 '12 at 18:44
• Re #3, I hope so. Open hardware (and/or more clueful hardware vendors) would make this easier. – David Jaquay Feb 16 '12 at 20:24
I make a few assumptions in my reply.
Requirements of the individual will determine if an upgrade is warranted or not. A corporate using Ubuntu will be better off sticking to a Long Term Release (LTS) of Ubuntu for stability reasons and to minimize disruption and benefit from Ubuntu Support. I would not upgrade until the next LTS was available... As a private individual it makes sense to upgrade with the Ubuntu release time-line for the following reasons:
1. Hardware mostly drives Software development, the more powerful the hardware the more options become available to software developers, Ubuntu is no exception. While the kernel is not maintained by Ubuntu itself, newer versions of the kernel are released periodically, be it minor or major. The kernel is the interface between the hardware and the software. As an end user when you purchase, for example, a new webcam, or a new laptop you are most likely purchasing current hardware, you need the latest kernel to be able to run that hardware properly, Ubuntu is constantly providing kernel revisions and so keeping up with the latest releases increases the chances of your new hardware working with Ubuntu.
2. Web development is prolific, has been and will be for a good few years to come, we have witnessed the likes of Facebook and twitter being integrated into almost every piece of technology we use, again Ubuntu is no exception, it has evolved along with these social web technology's and integrated them more tightly into every new release. We have become reliant on these technologies and therefore by upgrading to the latest version of Ubuntu we ensure we have the tools to make best use of these technologies.
3. The more obvious among the bunch are security patches, bugs and so forth, but most of these are covered in the Ubuntu Updates for as long as the version of Ubuntu you are running is supported.
4. In the past few releases we have seen Ubuntu change it's desktop layout from the more common drop-down (Gnome), menu approach to using Unity. Upgrading along with every new release has slowly introduced Unity to the user, those who didn't necessarily like it could use the old drop-down approach but it was made clear that Unity would inevitably be the default in future releases. Users then have a chance to try, test, prod, Unity rather than jumping to a release where it was the only option. This logic applies for all features of the Ubuntu OS of course, Shotwell becoming the default image viewer is just another example.
Finally, Microsoft evolves it's OS over a very long time and tries to reinvent it's OS which leaves the user hesitant to upgrade because of the huge differences and learning curve involved. If Microsoft approached their OS upgrades the same way Ubuntu, or more so Linux does, the user would feel more comfortable and be eased into the newer OS more comfortably, another reason why keeping up with the new releases of Ubuntu is a good idea.
These are my views and opinions, they are accurate to my knowledge & understanding and meant only to assist with the question and not rewrite the law :)
• 1
+1 because you also made some good points there. – Luis Alvarado Feb 23 '12 at 18:05
Your Answer
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Senate Judiciary Committee Testimony: U. S. Attorney Maurice O. Ellsworth (Sep. 15, 1995)
If U.S. Attorney Ellsworth will step forward, we will swear him in and proceed.
Mr. Ellsworth, thank you for joining us. Will you please raise your right hand? Do you swear that the testimony that you will give before this Senate subcommittee will be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you, God?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. I do, Senator.
Senator SPECTER. Thank you very much for joining us, Mr. Ellsworth. I understand that you do not have a prepared statement so we do not have to admit that for the record, and that is fine.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. That is correct, and it looks like we are running a little behind time, anyway.
Senator SPECTER. Well, take a few moments, as much time as you reasonably need to give us an overview and an outline, starting with a little bit of your own background and how long you have been the U.S. attorney.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. I have not been the U.S. attorney for 2 years now, but I was the U.S. attorney for 8 years.
Senator SPECTER. How long you had been U.S. attorney, what did you do prior to that, and what have you done since?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Sure, Senator.
I was the U.S. attorney for 8 years from July 1985 until August 1993. Prior to that time, I was here, in Washington, DC, in the Interior Department. I was the Associate Solicitor for Audit and Investigation with the Interior Department from March 1981 until I became the U.S. attorney in July 1985.
Senator SPECTER. And before that?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Prior to that, I was in private practice in Idaho for a couple of years, and prior to that I was a Blame County prosecuting attorney in Blame County, ID, and prior to that, I was in private practice, and prior to that I was in law school.
Senator SPECTER. Give us your brief overview on this entire matter, please?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Well, it is hard to know exactly where to begin. I guess maybe, there has been a lot of indication or at least at the time of the trial, some of the publicity that went out, to suggest that Mr. Weaver was in some way targeted by the Government. I cannot speak for all of the agencies that were involved, but certainly from the perspective of the U.S. attorney's office, nothing could be further from the truth.
I probably first became aware of Mr. Weaver at a time that I do not even recall and that would have been when his file came into my office. The routine that we handled in the U.S. attorney's office was that agents would call in and they would speak with the duty attorney of the day who would essentially fill out a case-opening sheet and that would then be put into a file and ultimately that file would be assigned to an assistant U.S. attorney as the assigned attorney.
Mr. Weaver's case apparently came in, in a routine manner, as a case from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. And I routinely assigned it, probably with several other cases, on the same day to Assistant U.S. Attorney Ron Howen, and never thought anything more of it or was any further aware of it.
The first awareness I had of Weaver, as such, was one day when I was sitting in my office in January or February 1991, and I was going through my mail and I had a letter in a hand-written enve lope which I am sure the committee has copies of, the Queen of Babylon letter and Servant of the Queen of Babylon letters.
And I read those letters and they had some pretty apocalyptic kind of large and language that, at least, contained what I thought must be a veiled threat toward the office and toward the Government and it was signed by Mrs. Vicki Weaver.
I contacted the Marshals Service and said that I had this letter that I would like for them to look at and perform a threat assessment to determine whether or not those letters were, constituted any sort of threat or anything that they might be aware of with regard to my office. And someone from the Marshals Service—I am not sure who it was—one of the deputies picked up the letters and got back to me either that afternoon or the next day, I do not recall which, and said we think this pertains to a case in your office you are currently prosecuting and have indicted an individual named Randall Weaver for selling illegal firearms, shortened shotguns. And we do not perceive these as probable threats to you or your office, but we do think it is a statement that he is not going to appear for his trial date. So that was the first awareness that I have or that I recall of Mr. Weaver.
Following that time, there were a number of contacts by the Marshals Service as they contacted us about their efforts to arrest Mr. Weaver. Of course, the bench warrant had been issued when he did not appear and subsequently my office indicted him for failure to appear.
I think it was in the spring of 1991, maybe early summer, that there was a gentleman from the Marshals Service in Washington who came to the office and indicated they were out doing some sort of surveillance and trying to figure out what kind of approach to use to arrest Mr. Weaver. They mentioned the possibility of some sort of a frontal assault up there, but they were concerned about that there were children and so forth. And they did not know what the best approach would be.
I said that I would not support any sort of a frontal assault-type of approach, although obviously I did not have supervisory or directory authority over the Marshals Service and fugitive apprehension was their responsibility.
I suggested to them that maybe they ought to contact Judge Ryan and see just how strongly he felt about this since there was obviously a problem. I was told, subsequently, and I do not know just when it was, by one of the marshals that Judge Ryan had been contacted and that he had made a statement to the effect that he wanted Weaver brought down or he wanted him arrested or something like that.
And the marshals, we were not in constant contact. I mean this was one of many cases in the office and, you know, hardly a focus of attention. But the marshals did mention that they were undertaking various efforts to get Mr. Weaver down. And they suggested that his, that they had received some further communications from that, from Mr. Weaver, that he was not, he had been tricked by the Government before, he was not going to be tricked again. He was not going to come down.
At some point, we cautioned the marshals about contacting the Weavers directly. The concern being that the Justice Department had guidelines on communications with represented persons. We knew that Mr. Weaver was represented by an attorney and cautioned them to attempt to get the permission of his attorney for contacts with Mr. Weaver. But I am trying to recall—at one point I know I told the marshals that or the marshals indicated that they had some suggestion that Mr. Weaver had been seen around the town and that they might be able to arrest him if he came into town. And I suggested that why did they not post a marshal up there tomorrow the road that came down from his place down into the town and try to arrest him in that sort of a circumstance. The marshals go back to me and said that they did not have the personnel to do that and it was too expensive.
Then the case went on. It got into the fall, I think, and they determined that they were going to discontinue any sort of efforts for the winter and then take up the matter in the spring.
At some point, again, I do not recall when it was, but the marshals were up there and had started putting in their electronic surveillance and their video monitoring and so forth. And I sort of facetiously said to them, gee, for all the money you are spending, why do you not just build a fence around the place and call it a Federal prison?
Obviously that was not a realistic suggestion but I mean it was kind of indicative of the concern that I had that a lot of resources were being devoted to this case.
At any rate, in the spring of 1992, I was told that the case was, they were developing some plans, but the case was going to be put on hold for a while because marshals or then Marshal-designate Hudson was, his confirmation was, pending before the Senate and that they did not want to do anything until he had been confirmed.
And then I was told in early August or sometime in August 1992 that he had been confirmed and that they were going to start actively trying to figure out a way to get Mr. Weaver down again. That was the last I had heard until I was sitting in my office one afternoon and Marshal Johnson called me up and said that they had been up on the hill, there had been a shooting and one of their people was down. And I immediately went up to his office, and began to try to get more information.
Senator SPECTER. Mr. Ellsworth, there are three questions that I would like your responses to. We are going to go on 5-minute rounds because it is very late in the day.
I have asked the staff to make available to you a couple of letters, one which you wrote and one which was written for you by Assistant U.S. Attorney Howen. I begin with this letter of August 6, 1993, which will be made a part of the record without objection.
[The letter from Mr. Ellsworth to Janet Reno follows:]
August 6, 1993.
Hon. JANET RENO, Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
DEAR GENERAL RENO: This letter is a formal objection to the manner in which the Department of Justice is proceeding with its review of the handling of recent case of U.S. v. Randall Weaver and Kevin Harris in the District of Idaho. At the outset, I must state emphatically I do not object to review by the Office of Professional responsibility (OPR) or investigators of the Department. of Justice per se. My
objection is to the involvement of agents of the FBI in the conduct of the inquiry. Although I have very high regard for and am friends with many FBI agents, I do not feel the FBI's participation in this review is at all a propriate.
It is my understanding a "full inquiry" is to be conducted into all aspects of the investigation and prosecution of the Weaver/Harris case. The FBI was a major player in that investigation and prosecution. Not only the conduct of FBI special agents in the field but also decisions and actions of FBI personnel in Washington, D.C., as well as FBI policies and procedures, are appropriate subjects of the inquiry. Indeed, from a prosecution perspective, some of the principal problems encountered in the case were a direct result of actions of FBI headquarters personnel. Much of the criticism of the government by the media, the public, and even the U.S. District Court in Idaho concerning this case was directed at the FBI. In the face of such serious questions, it is incomprehensible to me that agents of the FBI would be assigned to this matter.
When I was initially contacted for an interview concerning this case by Barbara Berman of OPR, I voiced concern with the FBI's involvement in the inquiry. Nonetheless, I agreed to the interview and was assured by the FBI agents involved they have "no horse in this race" and are committed to a fair and factual investigation. I do not question their desire to be objective, only their ability. On more than one occasion during my interview, they attempted to explain or even rationalize FBI policies or procedures after I identified problems my office had confronted in the trial as a result of actions of the Bureau. This would seem to indicate they have already made a judgment, apparently in the FBI's favor, regarding some of the problems we encountered. I do not intend this as a criticism of them but I fear FBI agents are so immersed in the policies, procedures and culture of the FBI it is impossible for them to objectively examine Bureau actions and policies as they relate to this case. This is especially so when some of the issues under review could involve their superiors within the Bureau. It is unfair to the other agencies whose actions are being examined, as well as the FBI agents themselves, to put them in this situation.
The Assistant U.S. Attorneys who handled the Weaver/Harris case did a very good job trying to deal with bad facts under very difficult circumstances. Many of the difficulties were caused, or at least aggravated, by the FBI. It is neither proper nor fair to now have the either of this office, and the Marshals Service scrutinized by agents whose first loyalty is to the FBI. I doubt the public or Congress will gain much comfort from an investigation where one of the principal agencies under scrutiny was a major player in conducting the investigation. Indeed, a reporter who has learned the FBI is involved in conducting this inquiry has already done a story portraying serious conflicts of interest.
In conclusion, I request the Department re-examine the manner in which the OPR inquiry is to be conducted. I strongly suggest that the agents and agency assigned to assist truly have “no horse in this race."
U.S. Attorney.
Senator SPECTER. I go to page one. This is where you say in the second paragraph, picking up in mid-sentence, "some of the principal problems encountered in the case was the direct result of actions of FBI Headquarters personnel." Now, specify, if you will, the problems that you were referring to that you had with FBI Headquarters and the prosecution of this case.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. From the outset of this case there was a total lack of cooperation from the FBI.
Senator SPECTER. Why was that?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. I wish I knew. I wish to this date that I knew.
Senator SPECTER. What problems were caused by their lack of cooperation?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Well, we never had, I do not believe, the U.S. attorney's office has yet to this day ever had complete access to all the files in this case.
Senator SPECTER. Why not?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. I do not know. We asked for them repeatedly.
Senator SPECTER. What kind of information were you looking for that they did not give you?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. We were initially trying to get copies of the shooting report, copies of all the incident reports. We had been told that various reports had been done. I know there was one report that we did get a copy of that the FBI initially did which was a first-draft shooting report which showed the location, had the location of the HRT team in the wrong place and
Senator SPECTER. Why could you not get something as fundamental as a shooting report?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Senator, I do not know.
Senator SPECTER. How about the rules of engagement?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. We got a copy of the rules of engagement, learned of the rules of engagement issue maybe a month or so into the case.
Senator SPECTER. Into the trial?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Pardon me?
Senator SPECTER. Into the trial?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. No, after the incident, once we were preparing, after we had indicted the case, but as we were working on the discovery.
Senator SPECTER. That was a pretty important point, was it not?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. We felt it was a very important point. That is why we wanted to have access to people in Washington, DC, in the headquarters office to determine who had authorized the change in the rules of engagement—
Senator SPECTER. You wanted to find out who had authorized the
change in the rules of engagement?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Yes, we did.
Senator SPECTER. And what response did you get?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. No response. I came to Washington one time. My assistant, Ron Howen, and Kim Lindquist came back here either two or three times, I am not sure which. The one time that I was back here we met with Justice Department officials, some people in the Criminal Division, and they had told us they would try to arrange meetings with the FBI
Senator SPECTER. Did you ever have any meetings with the FBI?
Mr. ELLSWORTI4. We had no meetings with the FBI. The FBI people declined to meet with us.
Senator SPECTER. I would like you to give some thought to the specifics that the FBI declined to help you with and to provide that to us in writing. I would like you to give some thought to that and give us a written response as detailed as you can.
I go now to page 2 of this letter you wrote to Attorney General Reno, you were responding to an investigation which Justice was doing on the way the trial was handled and the way the investigation was being handled by FBI agents.
And you wrote here, on page 2, picking up in the middle of the sentence, going right to the core of the issue, "I fear FBI agents are so immersed in the policies, procedures, and culture of the FBI it is impossible for them to objectively examine Bureau actions and policies as they relate to this case."
Now, would you amplify on your concerns as to why you felt it was improper for the FBI to investigate the way this case was handled by your office, and others involved in the case when part of the inquiry, itself, refers to what the FBI did in this case?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Yes, Senator.
Well. first, as I start out the letter, I indicated we had no problem with our conduct being examined by an investigative team or a review team of the Department of Justice. My concern was with FBI agents being involved in this process because every indication we had from the early days, when people would not meet with us and we could not get access to documents or files from the FBI was, that this was coming from higher up in the Bureau. It was not coming at the working agent level or even at the supervisory level in Idaho or even at the supervisory level in Salt Lake City which is the region that Idaho is under. The problem was in Washington, DC, and at the higher levels in Washington. My feeling was that that put these individual agents in the position of essentially investigating their own superiors and after having dealt with the FBI for the number of years that I had, as U.S. attorney, there is a unique culture to the FBI. There is an almost institutional arrogance, if you wifl. on the part of some people in the FBI—
Senator SPECTER. Institutional arrogance?
Senator SPECTER. What do you mean by that?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Well, I caution that I am not directing this at all FBI agents, because some, I have some very good FBI agent friends. I have the highest regard for the integrity and ability and qualifications of many people in the FBI. But there are some people within the supervisory levels of the FBI who have the attitude that any FBI agent, the most lowly FBI agent, the agent that started yesterday is superior to an agent from any other agency of the Federal or State or local Government, no matter how seasoned, no matter how experienced, no matter how qualified. And that any FBI agent who steps into a case automatically should be in charge and knows more than anybody else who may be involved.
That is part of the institutional feeling within the Bureau that I have observed over the years. And that is the culture I guess, if you will, of the FBI that I was referring to in this letter and the concern that I had that any FBI—well, as I indicate in the letter— the agents who interviewed me initially for this report, as I began to voice concerns about—well, they first said that they were there to be objective. That they have, as I said in the letter, they have no horse in this race. They proceeded, as the interview went on, when I would voice concerns about this Bureau policy or that Bureau policy one of the policies was the Bureau has a strong policy of never recording interviews, they just do 302's. But they do not— they take notes and do 302's. We were always trying to get them to record interviews so we would have an actual verbal record of what had been said rather than written notes and the interpretations of an agent that were filtered through an agent. That is contrary to FBI policy.
So when I would mention things like this that were concerns of mine, these agents would begin to explain to me why the FBI did things this way, why this was FBI policy and so forth. So I did not feel that they were, despite their desires, perhaps to be objective, that they were, in fact, objective. And that an other agency who may be being reviewed was going to be able to get a fair evaluation from these folks.
Senator SPECTER. Senator Feinstein.
Senator FEINSTEIN. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Ellsworth, you know ATF Agent Byerly?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Yes, I do.
Senator FEINSTEIN. And you talked with Agent Byerly?
Mr. ELLSWORTII. Yes, I have.
Senator FEINSTEIN. And did you discuss Mr. Weaver's criminal record?
Senator FEINSTEIN. You have never discussed his criminal record with him?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Not to my recollection.
Senator FEINSTEIN And no questions were asked of you about his criminal record?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. I am not following the train of your question. I do not recall ever—
Senator FEINSTEIN. You do not recall?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. I. I do not recall ever being asked about Mr Weaver's criminal record.
Senator FEINSTEIN. OK. What do you know of Mr. Weaver's criminal record?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. I do not know anything of Mr. Weaver's criminal record. My recoIlectiom is that I was told, as we were preparing for the trial of this case, that he did not have a previous criminal record.
Senator FEINSTEIN. So you were under the impression that he did not have a criminal record'?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. That is correct.
Senator FFINSTEIN. And there was no way that you could give to Agent Byerly the, well, the conclusion that he did have a criminal record of any kind or was involved in any other criminal activities?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Not that I am aware of, Senator.
Senator FEINSTEIN. OK. Let me ask you about your letter of October 17 to Ron Evans and Dave Hunt of the Marshals Service in which you say, "Pursuant to our phone conversation concerning the proposed negotiated surrender of Randall Weaver, I cannot authorize further negotia1ions or discussions along this line with defendant or his agent for two reasons. First, since the defendant is represented by Mr. Hofmeister, all contact with the defendant must be through his lawyer and not by ex parte means"
You mean US. marshals can never talk with someone they are asked to serve a search warrant on? Or excuse me, warrant for their arrest on?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Senator, first, I must note that I did not write this letter. The letter was written by my assistant. Obviously I was a U.S. attorney and I take responsibility for any communication that came out of my office, but this is the first time I have ever seen this letter so—
Senator FEINSTEIN. So, Mr. Howen did not discuss this with you but did this all on his own?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Did not discuss this letter, per se. As I indicated in my initial comments, we did express concern, had expressed con-
cern to the Marshals Service that communications with represented persons are a concern and there are specific guidelines within the Department of Justice that address that issue.
Senator FEINSTEIN. I did not know that. I will look them up, certainly, because you are essentially saying that no deputy marshal can talk to anybody that they have to serve a warrant on?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. I am not saying that, Senator. I am just saying that there are guidelines within the Department of Justice which address that issue and address obtaining the permission of counsel if the person is represented.
Most of the time or oftentimes, when the marshals arrest someone they are not represented by counsel and, of course, they would give them their standard Miranda rights. But if the person chose to talk with them, that would be up to the person arrested. But in a situation where you have an individual who is, as in this case, represented by counsel and you know they are represented by counsel there are specific Justice Department guidelines in terms of what can and how those communications are to occur.
Senator FEINSTEIN. Are you aware of any situation in which the marshals were told to go get him?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. No, I am not, Senator.
Senator FEINSTEIN. And not to try to negotiate any further his release or wait him out?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. No, I am not.
Senator FEINSTEIN. Because I am of the distinct impression that both you and the judge wanted him brought down that mountain, period, the end.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Senator, that is not correct. I do not know what the judge's feelings were. I was told that he said, bring him down. My own personal opinion, as I indicated earlier, was why do you not station a marshal up there and wait for him to come down. And then facetiously I said, why do you not just build a fence around the place and leave him up there?
I did not have strong feelings at all that he be brought down. I thought that there was an inordinate amount of money and effort being used to attempt to get him down.
Senator FEINSTEIN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, my time is up.
Senator SPECTER. Thank you very much, Senator Feinstein.
Senator Thompson.
Senator THOMPSON. Mr. Ellsworth, of course. you as a U.S. attorney were responsible for conducting the trial against Weaver and Harris, is that correct?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Yes, I was.
Senator THOMPSON. The one that we have been talking about that lasted a couple of months where he was charged with murder and conspiracy and various other charges?
Senator THOMPSON. And the FBI is, the investigative arm, really, that you have to utilize to gather the facts to prosecute the case with, is that correct?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. That is correct.
Senator THOMPSON. And we know that the results were not very successful from the standpoint of your office in that case. They were convicted of a couple of relatively minor offenses and acquitted on all the other offenses, is that correct?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. That is correct.
Senator THOMPSON. Now, you have indicated that you did not get sufficient cooperation from the FBI. Could you be a little more specific in terms of the kind of information that you were trying to get that you were having trouble getting or never did get?
Mr. ELLSWQRTH. Sure. To go back a little bit from that point, let me talk about during the time that the siege was ongoing when Weaver was still up on the mountain and the FBI was up there with all the other law enforcement people.
I had contact with Gene Glenn, who was the special agent in charge, who is a special agent in charge for the Idaho/Utah region. And I contacted him several, times while they were up there and expressed my concern. My assistant U.S. attorney, Ron Howen, had gone up there and he was actually up at the base camp to be there in case warrants needed to be drafted or advice needed to be given. For example, when we got a wiretap authorization, he went out and gave minimization lectures to all of those who were involved.
Senator THOMPSON. So the kind of information that you wanted that you did not get.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Excuse me, I had to give that little bit of background because I contacted Gene Glenn and said, when this case, -when we get him down I want the whole area cordoned off and I want a thorough crime scene investigation. I want a total forensic investigation done.
And he assured me that would happen. I contacted him again because I was told people were going up the mountain. They were closing in and the area that was secured was getting smaller and smaller and areas like the Y and so forth had been, that had previously been out of touch, were now people were going through there. I reiterated to Mr. Glenn that I wanted that area sealed off, that I wanted to make sure that we had a thorough forensic investigation, that we were able to find shell casings, that we were able to find all the kinds of evidence that you would normally do in a crime scene investigation.
I was, again, assured basically, I was kind of told, you know, that was not my business, that was his business. He was a law enforcement agent and they were in charge and they would take care of it.
When the surrender finally occurred, then the next thing I saw after that was a news conference with media and everybody else under the sun walking around up there and they had one little area cordoned off where they had a bunch of weapons out for display and people were walking around the house and everything else.
Senator THOMPSON. Well, what about specifically with regard to the trial. You are preparing for the trial. You are going through this long exhaustive, highly publicized trial. You need certain things.
Senator THOMPSON. You know, for example, that when a Federal witness testifies, that he is going to have to turn over any state ment that he has made to the defense, at least at that time, if not before.
Senator THOMPSON. The defense, I am sure, made a raft of motions for certain documents and all of that.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. They did, Senator.
Senator THOMPSON. What kind of cooperation did you get, what kind of documents were not provided that should have been? I recall, for example, that there was one report with regard to a drawing that Mr. Horiuchi made that indicated figures that he saw in the window before the shot that was fired that killed Mrs. Weaver and shot Mr. Harris, that that was late in coming and even resulted in the judge fining the FBI because it was sent fourth class mail and did not get there until about the end of the trial.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. That is correct.
Senator THOMPSON. I will finish with this. I will let you relate to that. My time is running out. I will just ask you, the chairman asked you to provide a list of things of the nature we have been talking about. I would specifically be interested in those things that have yet to be made public that never came out in the trial, that never have been submitted by the FBI, things that you thought were important to the investigation that was conducted that you needed for the trial, that you feel like that you were stone-walled on and never did get. Could you do that for us?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. I could do that except that I do not know what those things are myself. That was the problem. We did not know. We were requesting to see everything and we were told that we could not see, we would see what they allowed us to see and that was all. And to this day, I do not think that I or any of my former assistants have ever seen all the files or documents or materials related to this case.
Senator THOMPSON. One last question. Who is the highest level, within the FBI, that you talked to about this matter?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. It was either Mr. Coulson or Mr. Kahoe and I do not recall which. That was when we were having a problem getting some witnesses out to Idaho that we wanted to interview. We were told, we were initially told that they were going to be there, and then we were told the next morning, no, the FBI had decided they would not send them. I got, again, it was either Mr. Coulson or Mr. Kahoe on the phone and I said, we want them here. He said, well, you do not need them. I said, you will have a grand jury subpoena for them which was unprecedented—you do not grand jury subpoena FBI agents—but you are going to get a grand jury subpoena. And I was told, they would be available.
Senator THOMPSON. What witnesses were they?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. This was the HRT people.
Senator SPECTER. Thank you, Senator Thompson.
Senator Craig.
Senator CRAIG. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Ellsworth, for the record, you and I have been friends for somewhat of an extended period of time, well over probably now two decades, is that correct?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Approaching that, Senator.
Senator CRAIG. All right. This was also a high-profile case in Idaho. I think it is now recorded to have been a case that drew on for a good long while, if not the longest case tried in Idaho history, is that correct?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. That is correct.
Senator CRAIG. It was tried in the Federal courthouse in Boise, is that correct?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Correct.
Senator CRAIG. At that time the profile of this case was such because of the security involved there were a good deal or a great many officers, guards, a great deal of television, a very high-profile case, is that correct?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. That is correct.
Senator CRAIG. Following the case, do you recall a series of conversations we had, and I recall at least one where you were terribly frustrated because information was not made available and it was the information that Senator Thompson alluded to a few moments ago, do you recall that?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Yes, I do, Senator.
Senator CRAIG. I think you also, I recall a conversation in which you said that your ability to try the case had been tremendously handicapped by the FBI.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Yes, Senator.
Senator CRAIG. Can I make this assumption, that obviously this was the responsibility of your office to try the case, it was a tremendous1y high-profile case, and by your testimony today you indicate, as you did to me well over a couple of years ago, that you were handicapped greatly by it and that that was a difficult, if not an embarrassing situation for you because for a lot of reasons, but partly because it was such a high-profile case?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Yes, it was, Senator. It was a very difficult situation, a very frustrating situation. One which I have never experienced before and hope to never experience again.
Senator CRAIG. Well. I hope you will make a great effort to catalog, if you will, the information that the chairman has asked for. I think that is critically important in our building of a record as to how all of this transpired and how public policy may or may not have been misused in this instance.
For the first time today, I heard Federal marshals suggest a theory that I had not heard before and that was that Randy Weaver may have shot his son in the cross-fire. Was that theory ever brought before the court at the time you were trying the case?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. To my recollection it was not brought before the court. It was mentioned or discussed as one of the possibilities in terms of the analysis. There was always a question in the minds of everyone as to who shot Sammy Weaver? I believe Mr. Cooper when he says that he is convinced he did not shoot Sammy Weaver but there was never any indication, well, we were never able to determine. That goes to the very heart of the issue I mentioned about the forensic investigation that was done or not done. Even months after the initial incident, in the spring of, I think it was in February or March 1993, while we were attempting to put together this case for trial, one of my assistants and a private consultant that we hired to help us do some crime scene analysis, shooting analysis, trying to do a shooting reconstruction report for us because the FBI had told us that they could not do one, we hired a private consultant to do that. And he and one of my assistants and some other law enforcement, I think some of the marshals' people went up on the hill there and tried to find more evidence. And they dug some snow around where some of the things had occurred and found some additional shell casings, I believe, and another piece of the butt plate from the gun and so forth, that had not been found before.
Senator CRAIG. How long after the shooting did these findings occur?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. This would have been 6 or 7 months. But it goes to, as I say, the issue I addressed initially that I had wanted a complete and thorough crime scene review, forensic analysis and I was told by some of the people that were up there that as soon as Randy Weaver came down everybody was just anxious to get out of there and they left. And, in fact, we had had anticipated or I had expected that the FBI would send in a different team. Obviously, the people who had been there for 11 days or however long the stand-off was, would be tired and wanting to get out of there. But if they would have brought in a new forensic team to do a complete investigation and analysis I think it may have been very enlightening on the very question that you are asking, but that was never done.
Senator CRAIG. So the theory that Randy Weaver shot his son certainly could not be used or was not used in court, largely because of a lack of evidence?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. That is correct, Senator.
Senator CRAIG. Thank you. Mr. Chairman, my time is up.
Senator SPECTER. Thank you, Senator Craig.
Mr. Ellsworth, did you receive a reply to this letter to Attorney General Reno?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. I did, Senator. I do not have a copy of it. It is probably in the files of the U.S. attorney's office in Boise. This letter was written 1 week before I left the U.S. attorney's office and I—maybe I do have a copy, now that I think about it because I think I received that reply actually after I left the U.S. attorney's office. So it probably would not be in those files.
Senator SPECTER. Well, we would be interested in the reply. And the letter of' October 17, 1991, that Senator Feinstein referred to will be made a part of the record.
[The letter referred to follows:]
District of Idaho, October 17, 1991.
RON EVANS/DAVE HUNT, U.S. Marshal's Service, FBI USCH, Boise, ID.
Re United States v. Randall Weaver; Criminal No. 90—092—N--HLR
DEAR RON AND DAVE, Pursuant to our phone conversation of October 15, 1991, concerning the proposed negotiated surrender of Randall Weaver, I cannot authorize further negotiations or discussions along this line with defendant or his agent for two reasons. First, since the defendant is represented by Everett C. Hofmeister, appointed counsel, all contact with the defendant must be through his lawyer and not by ex parte means. Department of Justice policy and the Cannons of Ethics prohibit direct or indirect contact with a defendant who is represented by counsel for any negotiation purpose. Second, the four areas of proposed negotiation are either not within my power to grant or bind the government, to broad in their scope, or are the type of matters properly addressed in a plea agreement in exchange for guilty pleas, but not mere surrender.
For these reasons, any further negotiation for the surrender of Mr. Weaver must be made through his lawyer, or at least, with his express knowledge and consent.
MAURICE 0. ELLSWORTH,
United States Attorney.
RONALD D. HOWEN,
Assistant United States Attorney.
Senator SPECTER. Mr. Ellsworth, I know you have come a long way for this hearing, but when you have had a chance to get the reply from Attorney General Reno—
Mr. ELLSWORTH. The reply did not come from her. I believe it came from the Deputy Attorney General as I recall.
Senator SPECTER. Well, because of the reply to your letter to Attorney General Reno and a specification of the other matters that the FBI did not provide to you, I would like you to consider coming back. Some of the people have not had a chance to question you because of the circumstances. People had a lot of commitments that they had to return to. And the content and substance of your letter, I think, requires more scrutiny and more analysis.
For example, the investigation of the alleged coverup is being investigated by FBI agents. We have had a disclosure about the destruction of a document which has been made public. The reassignment of the No. 2 man in the FBI, the later suspension of the ex-No. 2 man with others, and the coverup that is being investigated by FBI agents which goes to the core question that you have raised in your letter in a very profound way. Where you raise the question about "FBI agents being so immersed in the policies, procedures, and culture of the FBI that it is impossible for them to objectively examine Bureau actions and policies as they relate to this case."
I do not want to get into that with you. I will just ask you one question. Do you think, based on what you said there, that the FBI can investigate a coverup of the FBI?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. I have a very difficult time accepting that they can, which is not to say, as I said at the beginning, I have the highest regard for the integrity and abilities of a number of many, many FBI agents I have worked with over the years that I would not question them in any respect. But there are others who I do not feel that way about and there are things about the Bureau culture, the Bureau supervisory structure, the Bureau point-counting structure, if you will, in terms of cases and priorities that trouble me and make me not comfortable at all that they can or should be the final decision makers on events happening within their own agency.
Senator SPECTER. Mr. Ellsworth, it is just fundamental that someone, some agency cannot investigate itself. That is the fundamental reason why we have congressional oversight, why Senators and Members of the House of Representatives sit on oversight matters, because of the inherent conflict of interest in having a self-investigation.
And, as you say, the large majority of FBI agents you know are fine. Some may not be, but even the very best have an inherent conflict of interest, even when they are detached for a specific investigation, because they have to go back to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, they have to deal with the same people.
And the experience that you have had and that you articulate in your letter are very core issues which this subcommittee is going to have to examine in some greater detail. I think it is important as the matters relate to this prosecution you had, because your prosecution may well have touched some of the same issues which are involved in our oversight hearing at the critical time when the case was lost.
And do you think that there was a casual relationship or would you have had a better chance to win the case had you had cooperation from the FBI? That is practically a self-answering question.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. We certainly would have had a better chance. I mean there are clearly problems with the case. Any time you have got the wife and minor son dead at the hands of Federal agents, you have got some pretty hefty strikes against you in pursuing a prosecution.
However, if you can paint the picture and show that the father, the person you are prosecuting, is responsible for all of this, that the decisions that he made led inevitably to some of the things that happened you would, in my opinion, stand a pretty good chance. But when the whole theory of the defense case is Government coverup, Government misconduct, and the defense attorney is holding a news conference every day on the courthouse steps talking about Government misconduct, Government coverup and every day in court is making comments along those lines, and then you see the judge sanctioning the Government for not producing evidence and sanctioning the Government for delaying and for various things which were caused by the FBI, that only goes to enhance precisely what the defense attorney is saying. And I think greatly enhances the possibility that an acquittal is going to be the result.
Senator SPECTER. Was the jury sequestered, that is, kept together, or did they have access to all those public press conferences?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. The jury was sequestered but, as I say.—
Senator SPECTER. It slips through?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Well, it is possible and also the whole theory of the defense was made abundantly clear in the courtroom by the defense attorneys sufficient that when that is backed up by the findings of the court finding the Government in contempt and finding that the Government has proceeded improperly with regard to supplying evidence to the other side, it only enhances that.
I might add, Senator, just along this line, one of the things that was a possible cause of some of this was a decision that my office made at the outset on this case. There were allegations of Government coverup. There were allegations of impropriety and so forth on the part of the Government being made from the very beginning.
We made a conscious decision at the beginning that we were going to, rather than comply with the rules of procedure in terms of what we had to turn over to the defense and when, we decided that we would turn over everything to the defense from the beginning. We would give them all the reports we had. We would give them statements. We would disclose everything and we would have an open-file policy on this case to try to take away. So that we could go into court and say we have given them everything and we have not tried to play hide-the-ball at all.
The FBI strongly disagreed with us on that policy and I think that that contributed to their refusal to provide anything to us bcause they were afraid that we would turn it over to the defense.
Senator SPECTER. One last question which I think needs to be asked and answered; that is, why this complicated indictment? A number of people have testified that the inordinately complex indictment charging a long-term conspiracy was a critical factor in the ultimate loss. Why such a complicated indictment?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Because it was—you need to understand the big picture in Idaho about the white supremacist movement and the Aryan Nations. My office had been involved in the prosecution, along with the office of the U.S. attorney in San Francisco and the office of the U.S. attorney in Seattle of the Order in 1985, who had been responsible for an armored car robbery in California, for a murder in northern Idaho, for bombings in northern Idaho and in Idaho.
And as a precedent or a precipitating event in that prosecution was a declaration of war that the Order had issued against the United States. It was a declaration of war written by a gentleman named Robert Matthews, who was one of the founders of the Order and who was killed in a fire on Widby Island, WA, in a confrontation with Federal agents back in, I think, 1984. That declaration of war, the last paragraph in Vicki Weaver's letter to me that is attributed to Matthews is a direct quote from the declaration of war by the Aryan Nations, by Robert Matthews against the U.S. Government.
That prosecution had been a very involved conspiracy prosecution of, well a racketeering prosecution. A little over a year later, a group in northern Idaho attempted to reconstitute the Order. And they set off three bombs in Coeur d'Alene, ID. And were responsible for the murder of another individual up there and were plotting various other crimes. We, again, prosecuted them on a complex conspiracy theory going way back outlining their involvement in all of this activity that had occurred previously.
A couple of years later, a third group arose and were plotting to set off a bomb in a nightclub that was frequented by gays and other minorities in Seattle and we prosecuted that case, again, on a conspiracy theory bringing in some of these kinds of activities that to try and explain to the jury and to the public the big picture of what this movement is all about up there.
In this particular case—obviously a long-winded answer to your short question—in this particular case—
Senator SPECTER. Not as long as the indictment.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. In this particular case, the evidence that began to come into us about Weaver's predictions of an apocalyptic confrontation with the Government, the reasons for his move to Idaho, the ideas that he was espousing, just seemed to lend themselves to a conspiracy. We wanted to show that big picture. If we had it to do over again, maybe we would do it differently, but that big picture, we felt was important to the case to show that there was more to this case than a simple sale of a firearm.
Senator SPECTER. When I tried the Teamsters case, many years ago in Philadelphia, the case came out of a McClellan Committee investigation, trial about the same length, actually longer, a little over 10 weeks. We had a single indictment, we won.
Senator Feinstein.
Senator FEINSTEIN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. That is an interesting point, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Ellsworth, what is puzzling me in this is that—and this is my conclusion and it may be faulty—but what you are saying is that there was a real breakdown between your office and the FBI. That there was a lack of trust. Is that a correct assessment or how would you characterize it?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Well, a lack of trust is perhaps a fair characterization, at least on the part of the senior supervisory levels. We were working with some FBI agents at the local level and, as in any prosecutorial law enforcement officer relationship, there is give-and-take and there is disagreements and resolutions to those disagreements and those kinds of things occurred. But at the supervisory levels at the Washington level of the FBI, there was obviously a breakdown of trust or a breakdown of communications or something. Because they would not communicate with us. They would not supply information to us. It was, again, I never have understood and still do not understand why.
Senator FEINSTEIN. Well, I am sure you have tried to figure out why. Why do you think? Now, this is your conjecture, but fortunately this is not a court.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Well, as I indicated to Senator Specter one thing was there was a fundamental disagreement about our open disclosure of evidence policy. But I do not think that that was all of it. I think there was more.
Senator FEINSTEIN. Let me stop you right here. On the open disclosure of evidence, could you not have sat down—I can understand in this case why certain evidence might have been very sensitive. Why would you not sit down with them and work something out? Were they not amenable to that?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. We tried to sit down with them. They would not. We tried and tried to meet with those people, they would not meet with us.
Senator FEINSTEIN. Well, how did they think you could get a conviction if you could not get the evidence?
Mr. ELLSWORT. Well, some of that evidence was peripheral to the case, it may not have been direct. I mean we were trying to find out information, for example, about the rules of engagement and those kinds of things. Those were not directly implicated in the case in our case-in-chief.
Part of the reason we wanted to understand more about those was because we expected when the defense put on its case, that those were going to be critical issues and we wanted to know what the answers were. We wanted to know how to blunt the defense's attack on those issues. And also understand if there were problems out there or issues out there that were harmful to our case to know, to craft strategies to deal with those.
Senator FEINSTEIN. Well, we now know and I think probably one of the few points where there is real agreement on this panel and this is just my conjecture is that the rules of engagement were very flawed. Because if you follow them literally they say one thing. And if you follow them in, you have to combine them with something else and then figure it out. So it is probably not a good single piece of paper to have around.
But, aside from the rules of engagement, were there other things as well that they feared if they gave you that would jeopardize a conviction?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. I do not know about feared about it would jeopardize a conviction or feared that it would embarrass the FBI. I mean I think that was the bigger concern. The—
Senator FEINSTEIN. So it is your belief then that you believed that the FBI was hiding something and did not want to give it to you because of your policy of turning everything over to the defense?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Right. And obviously it was, the reality was it was going to come out at some point, and that was what, that was the flaw in their position from my perspective was that it was going to come out at some point, so why not get it out now and deal with it?
Senator FEINSTEIN. I have 1 minute and I have one more question. Earlier this week, Henry Hudson, the former director of the U.S. Marshals Service, testified that he asked your office to ask Judge Ryan to withdraw the bench warrant for Weaver's arrest and reissue it under seal to draw Weaver off the mountain.
He further testified that your office refused to do this, saying it was unethical and Judge Ryan was opposed to it.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. I do agree that I refused his plan. I thought it was a stupid plan.
Senator FEINSTEIN. Could you tell me why you thought it was a stupid plan, please?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. We discussed it. I discussed it with my staff and concluded that there were several problems with the plan and why we would not do it. One, I did not think that it would work.
Senator FEINSTEIN. What plan are you referring to?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. The plan to dismiss the indictment and reindict him secretly. Is that not the plan we are talking about?
Senator FEINSTEIN. Right, that is correct.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. OK. One, I did not think it would work. Weaver had already made statements to the effect that he had been tricked once by the Government and he was not going to be tricked again. But so, and he had been tricked when the ATF arrested him in the first instance we found out.
Two, I was very concerned about what the court would do with that. I mean the Government is all the time being accused of duplicity and those kinds of things and I was afraid that if we were to do that that ultimately the court would find that that was improper conduct on the part of the Government to be a misuse of the grand jury to have dismissed the indictment, and then to reindict him, secretly.
And, the third and probably most compelling reason that I refused to go along with that plan was that if Weaver should happen to fall for it and come down the mountain, we had been told that he was armed and dangerous and that he was looking for law en forcement. If he came down and some local sheriff or police officer or whatever should happen to stop him for a traffic offense or whatever, I was concerned that he might say, aha, they tried to trick me, they are coming to get me, and shoot some law enforcement officer who did not eyen know that he was dealing with an armed fugitive.
Senator FEINSTEIN. Then clearly you knew a confrontation was inevitable, is that what—by this action the confrontation becomes inevitable. If you knew if he came down peacefully he was going to go after law enforcement, the only thing left then was to take him on the mountain. And you knew he was not going to surrender peacefully on the mountain because you had received all those letters and you knew he would not surrender. So, why would you object to some way to save human life to get him off the mountain?
Mr. ELLSWORTH. My concern was to save human life, the human life of a State or local law enforcement officer who stepped into the situation not knowing what he was confronting, that he was just stopping somebody for a traffic offense and suddenly he is being shot by the individual being stopped who thinks that he is a Fed coming to trick him again.
I would prefer to have him up on the top of the mountain where the law enforcement officers that went up there to deal with him knew what they were dealing with. They knew they were dealing with an individual who was armed and potentially dangerous and knew that they were there with regard to service a Federal process.
And, as a practical matter, with regard to Henry Hudson's suggestion, Henry is a former U.S. attorney, he knew that if he felt so strongly that they had a great plan that would get him down there is a process within the Department of Justice where an agency and a U.S. attorney have a disagreement they can take that to the Assistant Attorney General for the respect, the relevant division which would be the Criminal Division in this case, and each side present their position. And the Assistant Attorney General would make a decision.
And if they are not in agreement with that decision of the Assistant Attorney General then they can, either side can appeal that to the Deputy Attorney General who is the direct supervisor of both the head of the Marshals Service and of the U.S. attorney and the Deputy Attorney General could order the U.S. attorney to dismiss the indictment.
So he had a remedy if he felt that that was a plan that was the best plan under the sun to get Mr. Weaver down.
Senator FEINSTEIN. And one other question. I think this is important because I was somewhat concerned when you called the original arrest of Mr. Weaver when ATF and others put the car on the one-lane bridge, so that he had to stop and they could arrest him peacefully. The implication, I felt, was that you felt that that was something they should not have done.
And, yet, it seems to me, that it was a pretty good thing to do to arrest somebody without anybody getting killed.
Mr. ELLSWORTH. No. I thought that was fine, but what I am saying was Weaver was arrested under a rouse. He was arrested by a situation that was created to avoid a confrontation—
Senator FEINSTEIN. And it worked.
Mr. ELLSWORTH [continuing]. And it worked and he had made a statement that that was not going to happen to him again.
Senator FEINSTEIN. OK. Thank you very much.
Senator SPECTER. Thank you very much, Mr. Ellsworth.
That concludes the hearing today. We will resume at 10 o'clock Tuesday morning.
Randy Weaver Trial Homepage | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '51', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9857804775238036}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '121381', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HFH24MRLLF37HAEUZD6SXZQLTW64OFUP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:fc1a4758-d03f-4075-98b7-f50486a6a2f4>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 30, 7, 26), 'WARC-IP-Address': '134.193.117.2', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:EBDCCCOIG7Z37BGRLTAMANH3GE3Y23FB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d6a806b7-878d-44dd-adc8-efcddc4fba58>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/weaver/ellsworthsenate.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e3a0c04b-a588-49dd-98f1-c2a7be488a7b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '10289', 'url': 'http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/weaver/ellsworthsenate.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-235.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02018493413925171', 'original_id': '3d91c23fdacf212a405e528288b3f1fb823c450a6bc0db5cbb4f54d23212f430'} |
Choosing a Roulette Table
roulette table
Choosing a Roulette Table
The roulette table and the roulette wheel design are deliberately random randomised. The only obvious pattern found may be the alternating black and red pockets because they don’t represent any particular sector of the roulette wheel. Although it is possible to argue concerning the American 00 wheel, generally at around 00 there’s a slightly higher than usual average of black pockets present on the wheel. Black numbers in red are often associated with the straight or total counter movement and probably the most accurate way to read this is by noting the positioning of the tiniest circle on the wheel. This small circle represents the place an actual number will fall if it were to fall off the playing wheel (this circularity is another of the initial aspects of roulette gives it the edge over other casino games).
In roulette however, a wheel is simply a device that spins and which means that even though the numbers on it can happen to have been randomly arranged, they really weren’t. Because of this, the location of every roulette ball is essential. The roulette table is designed in order that the balls can spin in a particular way. The balls actually stop within their designated area and cannot stray very far from their designated positions. Thus by knowing the location of every single ball, you’ll be able to place bets on the balls that you want to win, knowing that your winnings match to the chances.
Needless to say the positioning of the roulette table isn’t just highly relevant to the games themselves, but also to how much money it is possible to win. Most of roulette’s wheels are made from solid steel, unlike the wooden versions you’ll find in most casinos. However they’re still lightweight 모나코 카지노 and fairly easy to move about. Once you place a bet on a ball, say, the ball’s number one, and then wheel it round the table, it moves about the entire table a couple times before dropping to the ground.
As you can imagine, all of these balls are going to be of varying sizes and speeds. Consequently, there will also be many different types of bets and even various kinds of roulette table to play on each one of these different types of bets. The simplest type of roulette table is known as the “standard” or “normal” roulette table. Here everyone has a similar size and weight to the balls, and all bets are placed at exactly the same side of the table.
The biggest difference between the standard roulette table and a European or American version is that the Europeans place their bets at the edges of the table, leaving the middle open for larger winnings. The American version leaves the center open, in order that players can place larger bets and obtain more chips when they win. While both versions of the roulette table be capable of allow people to make money, the European version goes just a little further and actually encourages visitors to place bets over the table from other players, known as a multi-table roll. This encourages visitors to spread their bets out, which means that the amount of chips a new player eventually ends up with after winning is larger.
It is very important remember that how big is your bets and the amount of chips you are ready to pay out on any given roll are the most significant factors in determining what roulette odds are. In the European and American version of roulette table, winning is founded on the highest total number of bets won over the total number of bets placed. Thus, the higher the wager, the higher the roulette odds. Thus, larger wagers have better roulette odds.
Many of the newer roulette tables are created with the euro or the American version in mind. These newer tables are produced from a sturdier and heavier base and also have a sturdier glass base than earlier versions. The larger payout (pays your original bet in addition to the winnings on subsequent bets) is another feature that is added recently. Some tables offer single-sided games, while some offer multi-sided games.
Many of these features can greatly affect your chances of winning. The same is true of choosing a roulette table. As you may have guessed, the standard of the actual game play is probably the most important considerations when making your final selection. Again, a number of the newer and more popular casinos will offer various casino spins along with other selections in addition to having the roulette table that best fits your preferences. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '422', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.947418451309204}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '19124', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FMMAJZOYHZTFWR3UAKWAA7I4MPNTBYQ6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c7a1c3e9-365c-4399-ab9d-42fb48d18b1e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 14, 0, 16, 42), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.141.234', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NS7EFMLMIFZZ3DTWDAROQCR7GXBNTHNA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:258122e7-675d-42ad-8377-fe7aa82887a5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://carter696.truongmamnonkhanhhy.com/archives/368', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e5aa27a2-9e36-402a-82f6-ac5108ab37c2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '774', 'url': 'https://carter696.truongmamnonkhanhhy.com/archives/368', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-224.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.15918868780136108', 'original_id': '53795515fb7d9b13d310dc2477a69d62a705b4702e2f73ef190210d9ab8d19ba'} |
Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am working on an In Vehicle Infotainment System. This is one particular use case I am finding difficult to think in terms of UX :
1. There is an IVI system attached in car which can take commands over Internet.
2. User sitting in the back has a smart phone with a particular App installed that sends commands to the car over Internet.
3. IVI system can move the windows up or down based on the command.
4. I have to decide how the UI in the Phone should look like. I thought of a slider kind UI like this. User can slide them up or down to slide the Car windows up or down.
Problem :
Commands travel as follows:
1. Phone UI to central server through Internet
2. Central server to respective car IVI through Internet
3. IVI to the actual car control unit through CAN protocol
4. Window actually slides
This takes considerable time to complete.
So the speed with which user actually slides in UI is not really shown onto the actual windows behavior. It just doesn't feel intuitive to do.
In fact there need to be back updates to the APP if someone manually changes the window height, which just complicates it more.
Can someone provide some feedback about how I could proceed ?
In general how would UX designers approach the problem when there is a delay in what user can do and the time in which the change actually takes place ?
If someone could quote some similar problem statement/solution in other real world scenario also would be great.
Edit : Rationale behind this feature
1. Assume you went to some shopping mall. While shopping you realize you might have forgotten to close your windows. In that case, instead of going out and confirming the same, user can just take his phone out and see if window is actually closed or not, and close if required.
Yes, I agree that in this case user would just need a 'CloseAllWindows' kind of button instead of sliding the window to some specific height. But we went on to provide the sliding part as well, just in case for the 'Geeky' ones out there :P
[ Beat this for a rationale : Switching a bulb Big Bang Theory Way ]
Moreover, its not just that this App do only sliding the window up/down. It gives you complete view and control of the car as such. Remote lock/unlock and what not, but Alas, everything with a considerable delay.
Thus, my question was rather in general terms, how UX engineers design when there is a mismatch in what user can do with the UI and how fast the response is visible in the system.
share|improve this question
Would this delay be both in local (in the car) and for remote use? – Stewart Dean Mar 4 '13 at 19:56
@StewartDean Yes, coz primary source of connection is internet. – Amit Tomar Mar 5 '13 at 5:06
So blutooth is out? That's the standard solution for local communication. Using the internet to talk to your car in the car appears to be a bit of a clunky technical solution. – Stewart Dean Mar 5 '13 at 23:54
@StewartDean No, not for everything. We might very well be using Bluetooth for other requirements. But it has limitations in terms of distance. You can see the edit for the exact use case Internet is specifically required. – Amit Tomar Mar 6 '13 at 4:49
2 Answers 2
up vote 6 down vote accepted
I'm struggling to understand the rationale for this feature to start off with.. Why on earth would a user take out their smart phone, find and then open up the app, find and select the appropriate function (assuming there would be various functions in this app), interact with it to open/close the window and then wait for a while for it to take effect? When alternatively, they can just move their hand and press a button for immediate action. Has there been any research to verify the need for this feature?
I think as UE/UI designers, part of what we do is to question if a piece of functionality is actually enhancing the user's experience in any way or is it simply functionality for the sake of functionality?
To answer your broader question about how to tackle with delays, I would suggest that it needs to have discrete steps rather than live sliders. This way once a change is status has been initiated, you can show a spinner or some sort of a device to indicate that the action is taking place in the background.
share|improve this answer
I have edited the question for the rationale part you asked. I did think about the discrete step kind of UI. Thanks, it will add to my point when I will be presenting it as an alternate approach. – Amit Tomar Mar 4 '13 at 15:02
Your rationale for the use of the app makes all the difference.. If the use case is not to perform immediate actions as such but to provide an overall security/status view of the car, then the lag really makes no difference at all. If I'm in the mall and I closed all the windows using the app, then it doesn't matter if it took 30 secs after that for them to actually close. The UI in the app should be based around those discrete actions, which would add genuine value to the user and would not require live, immediate feedback. – Usman Sheikh Mar 4 '13 at 15:21
When I'm not sure how to proceed on a UX problem, I like to ask myself: how does this relate to the original value proposition? How is the experience that I'm designing creating value for the user?
If the value is created by having a real-time one-to-one mapping of finger-slide to window movement, then the problem is basically unsolvable with current technology. Even with zero server lag, fingers move at variable speeds while car windows don't.
If the value is created by having the ability to move the windows to a certain height, and a real-time interaction isn't important to the user, then it makes more sense to present it as a deferred action in the UI:
download bmml source – Wireframes created with Balsamiq Mockups
I think the big question to answer, though, is: how does this UX add value beyond what a car's window buttons already provide? That interface has the advantage of being directly wired to the car, so it's always going to have less lag. What does your interface provide that's better?
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
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Q:
Powershell get-adcomputer + wmi query in one shot
I have a query that is listing all computers and their OS, and exporting it to a CSV file:
Get-ADComputer -Filter{OperatingSystem -NotLike "*server*"} -Properties * | select name,CanonicalName,OperatingSystem,OperatingSystemVersion | Export-Csv C:\Temp\AllComputersOS.csv -NoTypeInformation
I would like to also know the chassistype, and have this WMI query:
WmiObject win32_systemenclosure -computer $computer.Name | Select chassistypes
How can I combine these two commands and export the results to a single csv?
A:
You could do this via a calculated property in the Select-Object:
Get-ADComputer -Filter {OperatingSystem -NotLike "*server*"} -Properties * | select name,CanonicalName,OperatingSystem,OperatingSystemVersion,@{N='ChassisType';E={(WmiObject win32_systemenclosure -ComputerName $_.Name).chassistypes}} | Export-Csv C:\Temp\AllComputersOS.csv -NoTypeInformation
Beware this will be fairly slow to execute.
The calculated property part is this:
@{N='ChassisType';E={(WmiObject win32_systemenclosure -ComputerName $_.Name).chassistypes}}
It uses a special hashtable construct where you provide the keys N (Name, although you can also use L for Label or either in full) and E (Expression) to, where the Expression is some scriptblock to execute. Within this we're using $_.Name to get the current computer name property from the pipeline variable.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd0f172b4d4474efdc5842c67a3ddf147fab8b3579a1d76fa4fe76bdc9af6fc6c'} |
Letter: To Feel Better About 1040
To the Editor:
I see in the Aug. 30 addition of the Springfield Connection (“‘Somebody Else’ Didn't Come”) that Dave Albo received his marching orders from the Karl Rove propaganda machine and has weighed in on the presidential election. Typically, while regurgitating a stock campaign line based on a distorted quote taken out of context, he managed to lard things up with a basic load of self-promotion.
Mr. Albo, if you’re not too busy with self-aggrandizement, lauding entrepreneurship and bemoaning the graduated tax system, here is the full, un-cherry picked quote. Please read it carefully as there is a short quiz on its contents that follows:
"Look, if you've been successful, you didn't get there on your own," he said. "You didn't get there on your own. I'm always struck by people who think, well, it must be because I was just so smart. There are a lot of smart people out there. It must be because I worked harder than everybody else. Let me tell you something—there are a whole bunch of hardworking people out there.
"If you've got a business—you didn't build that," he continued. "Somebody else made that happen. The Internet didn't get invented on its own. Government research created the Internet so that all the companies could make money off the internet. The point is, is that when we succeed, we succeed because of our individual initiative, but also because we do things together. There are some things, just like fighting fires, we don't do on our own."
And now the quiz:
1. While you occupied a chair at West Springfield, UVA and Richmond Law, didn’t somebody else come to the front of the class hoping to impart enough knowledge to give you a chance to succeed on your chosen path in life?
2. While you were contemplating setting up your own practice, didn’t somebody else decide it was worth the time, effort, money and risk to build an office complex that businesses like yours could occupy when you needed it?
3. Didn’t somebody else at a utility company or government agency decide it was worth the risk to their return on investment to extend water, sewer, gas, electric, telephone, cable services and paved roads to your home and office so that you could actually conduct your business in some semblance of efficiency and comfort?
4. While you are busy in court defending drunk drivers doesn’t somebody else show up at the office to conduct legal research, track billable hours, send out invoices and collect payments to keep the business afloat?
The president’s point, intuitively obvious to the most casual observer, is that none of us operate in a vacuum. Whatever success we achieve, based on opportunity and individual initiative, is due in no small part to the support and efforts (direct and indirect) of others. Rather than “trashing” small businesses and entrepreneurship, the president was pointing out that they have an opportunity to succeed because the rest of us contribute to the infrastructure and environment that can make success achievable.
One final thought for you to mull over. Businesses don’t create positions and hire people because of tax breaks. That money goes into the business owner’s pocket. Businesses hire because of increases in the demand for whatever goods or services they provide. Paying your fair share of taxes provides the revenue at the local, state and Federal level that supports the growth and maintenance of infrastructure and services. That provides the opportunity for others to succeed, which then increases demand. Think of it as an opportunity to pay back to the social structure that afforded you the opportunity to get where you are (and to help others get there) and maybe you’ll feel better about filling out that 1040, even without all those tax breaks.
Rich Randa | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '160', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9704074263572692}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '25195', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TIDROOWOWTUBCO5VWHASBBV2N3BOOL2J', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d0c24353-3c6d-4ed3-9a35-470d6eac30f5>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 10, 16, 59, 46), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.91.60.6', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:UOZDRPC6ZQL5W632ECTJSDZ2LWHTXD3U', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:dafc4d24-f84b-483c-9a4c-f6c42fdf9ffe>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.connectionnewspapers.com/news/2012/sep/28/feel-better-about-1040/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:bc72356a-1e2b-4702-8fa4-20117de77656>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '675', 'url': 'http://www.connectionnewspapers.com/news/2012/sep/28/feel-better-about-1040/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.12484407424926758', 'original_id': 'd91dbdc9dd94f96b4bb7ae8492f84f2506ad6e55cd00d81478ac3568eca0630c'} |
Red Pill TheoryFeminism will actually destroy the West (self.TheRedPill)
submitted by 2johnnightx2
"How the Feminists’ “War against Boys” Paved the Way for Islam"
This is a fairly old article from 2006, so the observations are almost a decade old, but I have not seen this article referenced in the manosphere. It's very prescient in the light of the mass migration into Europe, but I want to bring this to your attention because of the redpill themes that it contains and which you should recognize immediately.
The major point here is that the issues of attraction and masculinity are meshed into politics. If politics creates laws and culture that represses masculinity, then a man can not behave masculine in his life without costs or punishment. He can't be truly redpill, as the case of effeminate male Swedes shows.
If you are "educated" that some behavior is wrong, then you will be in doubt when you need confidence to pull it off.
So here is your motivation to be misoginist/Alpha/masculine/macho/fash/whatever: it's the right & healthy way and if you don't do this, you will bring down Western civilization.
Several of my readers asked what Scandinavian men are doing about this. What happened to those Vikings, anyway? ... I doubt they would have looked the other way while their daughters were harassed by Muslims. In some ways, this makes present-day Scandinavians worse barbarians than the Vikings ever were.
If your culture said that women are your property, you would care. But culture says that women are independent agents who have control over their sexuality, so it's none of your business.
Protecting somebody necessitates control over that person's actions. Without control, protections is hardly possible.
Women's suffrage has pulled politics hard to the left. Without it our culture would be more masculine, as it in fact is under Islam.
Xenophobia IS "spotting an enemy".
Feminism wanted to make men weak, so that women would get the space to become powerful. But with weak men nobody will protect a nation from strong men from other patriarchal cultures.
This right here: if you allow women to turn you into a doormat, you are destroying civilization itself. So don't.
The nature of women is paradox, because it leads them both to rebel and to submit.
Rebel against men that are not a real danger (e.g. fathers, who would not hurt them).
Submit to men who are a real danger. "War brides".
They both want freedom and no freedom.
"feminism is a society-wide shittest"
So the role of a provider is not a bad masculine role, but in the proper economical-security context. When women are safe economically and personally, playing the provider role is useless.
[–][deleted] 213 points214 points (58 children)
See shit like this is where I fucking HATE manginas who support feminism. Even the women who take part in it, when they wise up later in life say "why didn't you stop us?". You fucking morons they're seeing what they can get away with. What rational fucking human cares about microaggressions?!!? If that's your biggest problem you are living a blessed fucking existence.
Great, prophetic article. This is what happens when you let women even dictate SOME of the course of society. They fucking destroy it. A feminine society could never work. Nature is too harsh and unforgiving. It would be wiped out immediately.
[–]MrJugsMcBulge 57 points58 points (4 children)
You have to remember that despite what the feminist movement says about being "strong, independent, brave, trailblazers" or whatever, these people are essentially cowards. Being in a civilized Western nation and protesting against some made up thing like 'microaggressions' is easy and bears virtually no risk - at worst, they might get laughed at. On the other hand, going to one of the many uncivilized nations in the world and protesting against the actual atrocities going on there - FGM, honor killings, child marriage, etc - holds the very high chance of being imprisoned, tortured, raped and/or killed. Sure, they'll pay the occasional bit of lip service to praising the people in those countries who are putting their lives on the line to enact some relevant change, but the feminists aren't about to risk putting themselves in harm's way...especially not for some brown people living in a country they've never heard of. Besides, none of that stuff affects them directly so, lip service aside, they don't really care. As far as thhe average self-absorbed Western feminist is concerned, who cares if ISIS is setting up rape warehouses filled with nine-year-old girls when, at any moment in the US, a man could be taking up more than one seat on a subway? And what does it matter if thousands of women every day are forced into FGM, when some guy just turned the office air conditioning slightly too low? Shit, I'm full-on MGTOW and I care more about the plight of women in Muslim countries than the average Western feminist does.
Granted, it's not like it's uncommon for left-wing movements to cherry-pick easy battles in safe countries while not giving a crap about severe problems in nations that won't put up with their BS. It's the same reason environmentalists get wound up about what kind of light bulbs Westerners use, all while ignoring the fact that China powers their country by burning a mixture of coal, styrofoam and blue whales.
[–][deleted] 11 points11 points
[permanently deleted]
[–]Endorsed ContributorrebuildingMyself 35 points36 points (4 children)
"why didn't you stop us?"
Typical feminist/woman behavior to hamster away any agency when shit hits the fan.
[–]firstpitchthrow 2 points3 points (3 children)
this has to be my favorite part of the entire article. BP men, who comprise the overwhelming majority of the male population, won't say no to women out of fear of losing their affection. The more emasculated men get, the greater a percentage are BP. You are, on a society-wide level, turning men BP. Feminism is killing off the men that women are attracted to.
More for Chad, I guess.
[–]Jordoom 5 points6 points (2 children)
Until Chad and his genes die off.
Then it's more for Mohammed.
You mean Chad Mustafa ibn Chad Mohammed.
Never forget that a state in turmoil needs men that can fight, not women who can vote.
This will be our generation's one and only chance to defend the Gates of Vienna. So far, we are failing, and doing our ancestors great shame.
• Winston Churchill
Hate to break it to you. The gates of Vienna were breached this time by... wait for it... a WOMAN. Thanks Merkel.
[–]getRedPill 19 points20 points (4 children)
Feminists lives where their ideals are not needed anymore and avoid places where they are so needed. For instance, see Western world in comparison to places in Africa where baby girls get their clits cut or islamic societies where women are treated badly.
[–]MordorsFinest 14 points15 points (3 children)
Maybe conquest by Islam isnt so bad, at least each of us get a few slaves and when they complain tell them its what they fought for
And ultimately war is the father of men.
I'll keep my head, thank you.
[–]NeoreactionSafe 28 points29 points (39 children)
I was commenting on this same article over on Dark Enlightenment.
Basically it's the concept of Yin and Yang:
A healthy society keeps the male (Yang) in balance with the female (Yin).
The West has chosen the extremism of pure Yin... pure female imperative... "progress".
This creates a vacuum of Yang which draws masculinity from the outside. (immigration)
The root cause actually goes all the way back to the Battle of Hastings in 1066 when the Anglo-Saxons of England were enslaved by the Norman Viking French kings. This "House of Lords" (Vikings) ruled the Anglo-Saxons for 500+ years. In order to defeat these Norman kings the Anglo-Saxons exploited a flaw in the Magna Carta that limited the power of the king to rule over others. But in defeating the Normans in a cowardly way (with law) it set the feminization process into motion.
Ever since then the West has become more and more slave-like and more feminine.
Even the concept of radical individuality was invented to distract the aristocracy away from real power.
So the bottom line is the West is running a Yang masculinity deficit.
This is why Red Pill seeks to correct the problem and restore balance to the West.
Also if you go back to WWII it was a battle between the feminizing West and the masculine traditional nations such as Germany. The Germans went to the opposite masculine extreme. Once the masculine side lost the Cold War was a struggle between the Progressive and the Communist. The Progressives won. But the Communists did not become Progressives, they instead reverted to traditional cultures. So Russia and China today will reject the West. Islam also rejects the West.
The West is fucked. (and alone)
[–]GuitarHero07 33 points34 points (29 children)
I wouldn't say that the Soviets, Nazis etc. were inherently more "masculine." The U.S. was a very masculine country for a long time. This is a country founded by people who crossed a vast ocean, leaving everything behind to establish a better life for themselves. It's a country that was founded at the barrel end of a gun. In the past, Americans, Brits, Germans, Scandinavians etc. have been a very warlike people. Just take a look back through their histories!
What has changed is that America and the West have enjoyed unprecedented levels of prosperity. This has never been seen before in human history. Our biggest health problems are now self-inflicted (poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, smoking etc.). The scale of problems that the average Westerner faces today pale in comparison to what his ancestors had to deal with. In many parts of the world, starvation, being killed in a war, dying of preventable/curable illness, death during childbirth, lawlessness and lack of basic infrastructure are very real problems.
Feminism wouldn't even exist today if things like the washing machine, supermarkets, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners etc. didn't exist. Birth control, our system of law and order, social media etc. were all invented by men. The most ardent feminists are white Western women....the most privileged group of humans on the planet. The strongest bastions of feminism are the richest cities: NYC, London, Toronto, San Francisco etc. The most expensive and elite universities are the intellectual center of feminism...Harvard, Columbia etc.
[–]2rp_valiant 24 points25 points (27 children)
actually, these levels of prosperity were seen by Aristocratic women in the Roman Empire - Rich women with nothing to keep them busy. They then started a movement similar to today's feminism that was one of the many factors in the SPQR's downfall, including immigration of Goths and other non-Romans into the capital.
[–][deleted] 22 points23 points (23 children)
Thankfully we will have the Trump Wall to stop immigration after this election.
[–]2rp_valiant 6 points7 points (8 children)
you reckon the politically aware right will outvote the optimistic left? I hope you're right, but I'm not holding my breath.
[–]GuitarHero07 0 points1 point (11 children)
I like the idea of a wall but first Trump has to get elected and I'm not sure his momentum will last. Then, he has to get approval from Congress. With both Dems and Repubs angling for the Latino vote, it won't be easy. Mexico won't be willing to pay for it and there's not much strong arming he can do because of NAFTA.
[–]blkbullmentor 3 points3 points [recovered]
Tell Canada & Mexico to go eat a bag of dicks. What the fuck they gonna do?
[–]cariboo_j 1 point2 points (0 children)
NAFTA is pretty bad for Canada actually.
Multinational corporations extract oil from the tarsands in Alberta, then ship it to America for refining.
Canada loses out on job opportunities because it's cheaper for big multinational oil companies to use existing American infrastructure to refine oil rather than building new refineries in Canada.
Basically we eat the environmental costs (which are huge, tar sands and fracking are the dirtiest way to extract oil) and sell our raw oil for the bare minimum profit.
Same with trees and water. We ship our raw natural resources to America for processing then you guys sell them back to us at a huge markup.
Canada is pretty much America's bitch under NAFTA. Well, Canada has always been America's bitch but we're even more so under NAFTA.
[–]GuitarHero07 0 points1 point (8 children)
And how are you going to get Congress to play along?
[–]blkbullmentor 3 points3 points [recovered]
Fuck congress. If someone had the balls to actually act for the good of the country, then I'm all for it. Let those bitches send it to the SCOTUS.
[–]nomoreusernames678 1 point2 points (1 child)
Essentially, you want someone to come in and usurp the law and legal process and do what you want him to do. Rest assured there is already a man who does this. Obama. And even though you don't like how he's been handling things, remember that his approval rating is almost 50-50, so your blue counterparts love the job he's doing.
My question is what makes your desires more important than the desires of those he's already fulfilling?
[–]GuitarHero07 0 points1 point (3 children)
You obviously don't understand the basics of the Constitution and how the U.S. government works.
If you look back, a lot of social movements came about when women had less work to do in the house. The development of the washing machine, stove, refrigerator, and when they were adopted into the average household are all near major social movements, such as prohibition (Carrie A. Nation) and Women's suffrage, which are around the times the Refrigerater and the stove became popular (1930s, 1910s respectively). Too little work, and too much free time and women become experts in "social justice"
You cannot compare the "Aryan Übermensch" to the "Manifest Destiny Mutt". One is a homogenous icon of masculinity, the other a social reject.
[–]fakenate1 2 points3 points (0 children)
I don't think it really distracts from your point, but king John (who signed the magna carta) was not a Norman King. And in fact King John lost the duchy of Normandy to the French before he even signed the paperwork.
That and danelaw was part of the island of Britain for a long time before the Normans invaded. King Cnut (a Viking) was King of England until about a generation before the Norman conquest.
You did point out that the Normans were Vikings, which most people don't know, they settled in Normandy on land they took from the franks.
What's even more interesting is that after the Norman conquest of England, they conquered other parts of Europe. The Normans conquered Sicily from the Muslims who ruled the island.
[–]cariboo_j 1 point2 points (1 child)
Disagree on this point. Are you familiar with Neitzsche's work?
He argues communism is a form of herd mentality. Communists fear excellence or separating one's self from the herd. They are crabs in a bucket who want to pull everyone down to the level of the lowest common denominator in the name of equality.
This runs counter to the male drive towards competition and rising above one's peers.
Plus, Marx (or Engels, can't remember which) himself was a huge proponent of gender equality. He argued that women were exploited by men in the same way the proletariat were exploited by the bourgeoisie. This sloppy projection of the class struggle dynamic onto gender relations has always been a staple of feminism.
EDIT: Nevermind, upon rereading your post you're not arguing that Communism was a "masculine" ideology.
[–]TheRedThrowAwayPill 0 points1 point (2 children)
Whaaaaaa? Since when?
No no no. This sub is NOT about that. This sub is about accepting the problem and enjoying the decline. It seeks to take advantage of the situation and maximize selfish pursuits.
However, it does seem at times like this group is about to up and start its own political party.
[–]cariboo_j 2 points3 points (0 children)
There's always been a battle between the MGTOW/PUA side of the manosphere who seek to change themselves, and the tradcon/MRA side who seek to change society.
The former is realistic and the latter are... not based in reality.
Tradcons, MRA's and Dark Enlightenment guys are reactionary and overly ambitious. You can even tell by the guy's name, NeoreactionSafe. Traditional gender roles aren't coming back due to changes in technology.
Either way, they weren't that great for men or women imo. (Feminists had a point when they said traditional gender roles weren't that great for women, where they fucked up was concluding men were evil oppressors who were doing it for the lulz. Rigid traditional genders roles were simply a necessary adaptation to a harsh environment.) I think society needs to find a new equilibrium based on radical individualism. We are in a transition stage and progressivism/feminism was a misguided stab in the dark at finding this new equilibrium. Eventually we'll arrive at something other than traditionalism or feminism, hopefully.
Competition, self-improvement and masculine boldness (what this sub supports) are LITERALLY the reason for civilization.
I just realized that TheRedPill might be a foundation for 21st century Enlightenment.
[–]cariboo_j 0 points1 point (0 children)
Actually there are some matriarchal societies. They're mostly primitive hunter gatherers or horticulturalists who live in mud huts. The patriarchal nuclear family in which husbands take ownership and responsibility over their wife's sexuality has the effect of harnessing the energy of the male sex drive and channeling it into producing excess labor which is distributed throughout society and protecting weaker individuals.
Unfortunately for feminists men need to have some ownership (whether it's being a partner in a law firm or the head of a nuclear family) to feel obligated.
Perhaps ownership is the wrong word. Men need to know there are some reciprocal duties and obligations from the other party to uphold their end of the bargain. A man won't work hard and put in his best effort at a company that pays him shit wages and doesn't value his contributions. This is because he has no stake in how well the company does. The same is true of modern marriage on the individual level and gender relations on the societal level. Men have no incentive to work hard and provide for women because (a) modern no-fault divorce laws place all the obligations and duties on the husband and none on the wife and (b) the government will protect and provide for the female collective, with their only obligation being to vote for far-left parties.
This is why marriage and birthrates are declining throughout industrialized nations, and especially in Western industrialized nations. Men have very little incentive to take on the traditional protector and provider role, so they are disengaging and either becoming players or going full on mgtow. It's disastrous for society as a whole but a rational choice for individual men.
[–]HoundDogs 20 points21 points (3 children)
On this same topic, if you haven't seen this yet, you should.
Sarksleezian, Briana WU, and Zoe Quinn (of GamerGate fame) were INVITED TO THE FUCKING UN to speak about, of all things, freedom of speech online.
They get to go to the UN to play their professional victim card.
[–]fuckeh 7 points8 points (2 children)
Wow this is depressing. Censor the internet? How about limit your exposure on the internet you whiny babies. People are harassing you online? Get your face and name off the internet, stupid. It's a great big sea of anonymous people and if you voice very strong and controversial opinions you have to expect some negativity will flood through.
I personally know a feminist blogger/"artist" that complains about online harassment. Obviously it's wrong for people to send her death threats as she claims to receive (I've looked for them on twitter and found none, so unless they're DM's she's lying but that's beside the point). But when I suggest she stops sharing her real name and other personal information she gets offended. No, we need other solutions. Like censoring the entire internet. You couldn't possibly dial back the amount of personal info you share, because at the root of it all you love the attention. You need people to see your face and know your name.
I can't believe people listen to these vapid attention whores and their childish ideas.
[–]HoundDogs 8 points9 points (1 child)
One thing that remains 100% consistant is that I have never seen one single shred of evidence proving that these feminist recieve death threats. Not one screenshot, not one voicemail recording if they claim to be called. I'm not saying they don't exist but at this point they're making claims and they have ZERO evidence. It's "Shameful" to ask for proof these days though, as asinine as that sounds. It's simple to me....if they have something to gain by manipulating the truth, then if they make a claim they are lying until PROVEN truthful.
I go to extended lengths NOT to share personal information. I don't know why that concept is so hard for these idiots but, I think you're right, it's got to be attention.
I cannot even fathom how professional victimhood has thrust them this far into the limelight. People like Nancy Grace, Bill O'Reilly, Glenn Beck, and Justin Bieber are not rare in our culture and they have ARMIES of people who insult, degrade, hate, and actively try to get the best of them. They are public figures, dealing with shitheads is part of the job.
Nancy Grace didn't get invited to the UN. She put on her big girl pants, bucked the fuck up, got back out there, and spread nonsense to the world.
[–]fuckeh 1 point2 points (0 children)
I'm sure the death threats happen sometimes but some of these women fabricate it. The one that I know probably does. She's in my family so I was legitimately concerned and searched her mentions on twitter and found NOTHING.
Personally I've had my life threatened over pretty stupid shit online, I've never taken it seriously. I had an account that people wanted from me, had it for 10+ years. My moms credit card was linked to it for the first year since I was a kid when I created it. Someone somehow found her name, phone number, everything even though her address had changed twice and she had a new last name after marrying. Some freak called her late at night about my account. So yea, any sliver of personal info can open up a window to basement dwellers on the internet. You have to lock it up fairly tight if you value your privacy. People that openly share their full name, location and pictures online have to be prepared for what might happen. To suggest censoring the entire internet is infantile logic, it's like if the entire public had to adhere to a curfew because a tiny minority commit crimes late at night.
[–][deleted] 44 points45 points (7 children)
Feminism is basically a scheme that destroys a society over the longer term.
Initially, feminism appears to marginally increase productivity for the rich classes by expanding the work force. Therefore, it appears all positive and no negative for the rich classes when it first starts.
The problems arise over the longer term. Feminism destroys the birth rate due to "career women", increases the divorce rates, allows for the development of affirmative action that pushes more qualified men out of important positions, etc.
Therefore, over the longer run the society collapses due to:
1) Inefficiency that develops due to AA women taking top positions they aren't qualified for.
2) Educational standards collapse due to single moms being unable to raise the next generation well. Also, schooling becomes "emotional" rather than standard based.
3) Birth rates collapse due to "career women" stop having children. Career women don't want to commit during their best fertility years "while developing their career" to ride the CC in an attempt to lock down a man WAY out of her league. The hypergamy is further exacerbated because the women are shooting for the few men left at the top positions (which haven't been destroyed by AA).
4) Massive third world immigration is needed to keep the socialist economy to survive. With such low birth rates, the society is unable to function without a massive immigration scheme. This leads to more "male dominated societies" that have healthy birth rates to take over the feminist societies.
Within 3 generations, the feminist society is finished and replaced by another patriarchal society.
[–]1ErasmusOrgasmus 7 points8 points (1 child)
The scary thing about this is that it looks like that patriarchal society is going to be an Islamic one here in Europe given the decline in white European birth rates and the steep rise in net incoming migration from the muslim world.
[–]Rougepellet 0 points1 point (0 children)
Thus the cycle continues. Sometime will pass and people will forget the cancer known as feminism that was the downfall of a previous generation. Women will slowly request more rights and men will collectively fail shit test after shit test.
[–]Redasshole 0 points1 point (2 children)
You mean I was born in the last generation of feminism and that once I die all the men will have some fun while I'm fucking dead?
Possibly, feminism has only really become the norm in the last generation.
The baby boomers never really experienced feminism until they changed the policies when they took over politics.
The WW2 generation never supported the feminist changes.
[–]Redasshole 0 points1 point (0 children)
I can imagine the men thinking about feminism as a good old joke.
I hope they build fucking statues to commemorate our sacrifice.
[–]Endorsed Contributorredpillbanana 85 points86 points (51 children)
If you want to see how feminism and political correctness can destroy a country, look at Sweden, the "Saudi Arabia of feminism" as Julian Assange calls it.
Here's a great article from the defunct website The Spearhead:
Feminism loves heavy state subsidization like mold loves moisture, so it’s no wonder that in the world’s most extreme welfare states like the Scandinavian countries Denmark, Norway, and particularly Sweden, feminism is stronger than in any other places in the world.
Economy wise: Swedish men pay on average 55% more taxes than females, but the average pay of men is NOT 55% higher. In fact, it’s statistically been proven, that all things being equal other than gender, there is no difference between male and female earnings here.
Most of the social care payouts go to females, and the general child care payout goes to females by default, not to both parents.
if you cohabit with a Swedish woman you will be lucky to get 4 or 5 years together (or even less) before she becomes bored with you and gets physically attracted to someone else and just leaves. Plus that 4 or 5 years will be one long argument because the women here are so full of themselves, full of anger too, and they always think they’re right about everything.
Remarkably, there are stories of Muslim no-go zones where bands of young men enforce Sharia law and police are barred from entering for fear of their lives.
But whether or not the reports of no-go zones are real or simply racist or xenophobic fear-mongering is difficult to tell. On one hand there is the heavily censored mainstream media. On the other there’s the unabashed bias of the radical right wing; the only ones who seem to have the balls to brave the enforced silence and highlight these issues.
But whatever the truth, there are likely SOME serious issues with the integration of large migrant populations there. Growing reports point to increasing lack of safety for women. Feminism might actually have worked against women’s interests in this regard because after being bullied to the point of being legally obligated to have to sit down to pee, and being made a laughing stock of in front of men around the world, Swedish men are not in the position (or perhaps not inclined) to be the white knights who will come to their countrywomen’s aid.
But in the feminist’s eyes giving any power whatsoever back to men forced to pee sitting down is terribly unjust.
Particularly unjust, they feel, if the gentleman is older and offering his status and privilege to underprivileged foreign wives who give him their youth, beauty, and faithfulness in return.
Anyway I'm going to end up quoting the entire article because it makes so many good points. Just go and read it.
You'll see all the hallmarks of feminism:
• State subsidization, especially of women
• High taxes
• Political correctness run amok
• Double standards
• Trivial matters made a national priority (i.e. men standing to urinate)
• Censorship
• Laws to solve social problems
• Men vs women adversarial atmosphere
• Lack of accountability for women
• False accusations used as a weapon (see Julian Assange)
• Men giving up, MGTOW, going Galt
[–]103342 67 points68 points (3 children)
It is amazing how obvious this stuff is and at the same time so controversial.
Feminism is like the wolf dressed as a sheep. It sounds so good: Everyone has the same freedom, we are all equal and no more violence, no more agression, free love, etc.
Men see in feminine behavior a chance to get complacent, live in peace and not compete with other males.
But nature was never made to be peaceful. Most societies start to thrive by winning wars. Buildings and bridges and computers and electronics and cars... All built with male blood and sweat.
Our sacrifices mean nothing anymore. Our achievements are seen has an obligation and sometimes even looked down upon.
[–]Endorsed ContributorObio1 12 points13 points (2 children)
Along those lines, here's a truly awesome bit of parody: http://thefederalist.com/2015/09/25/were-sorry-for-producing-our-cisgendered-son/
Excellent read, thanks for sharing. Although it worries me that there might be parents who think like that and the line between satire and reality is blurring.
[–]fingerthemoon 2 points3 points (0 children)
Lol, good read. I didn't realize it was satire at first and was horrified. Hahahaha
I hadn't heard of this before so I went in search of information to see if it was true. Apparently it's not (it's not actually illegal), but I found a quote in an article that blew my mind and I have to share:
"Despite the increasing domestication of men in this area, urinating while standing up is indeed still common practice," Hank added.
"domestication of men"
Men aren't even people in Europe anymore. I want to feel relieved - hey, at least it's not that bad over here in the US - but I'm sure it's only a matter of time.
Here in the Netherlands most people roll their eyes and go on with their lives whenever some feminist took over a TV discussion about any topic. Most of us are way too busy for nonsense like feminism (busy with med school in my case). Maybe Scandinavia is bad in terms of "feminism" but don't assume Europe is one country with one culture. Many southern countries are still quite traditional in terms of gender. Sure, every adult can vote but most Europeans don't give a single fuck about it and most males kind of enjoy the naked feminist protesters!
[–]trp-grasshopper 0 points1 point (1 child)
The west is a "group think" mentality, I'm a canadian, and I don't have enough fingers on my hands to count the number of places in Europe I'd love to call home.
[–]jsalathe 7 points8 points (0 children)
We visited my family in Hamburg this summer and our cousin (male), the father, reprimanded my son for standing while peeing in their toilet. The whole time he was trying to explain to my 6 year old why it was better to sit down to pee, my son was laughing because he thought it was a joke. I couldn't have been prouder. My son never once sat down to pee and just mocked my relatives for being girly.
[–]yuube 6 points7 points (0 children)
It depends where in Europe I think, my family is southern Italian and many places there still have traditional men and women.
[–]pumpkinrum 0 points1 point (0 children)
That's messed up. Of course it's common practice, what the hell?
[–]americanenglishh 17 points18 points (11 children)
Again, lots of bullshit. There are no such zones in Sweden. None at all. There are ghettofied areas such as Angered and Rosengård, but to suggest that these areas are controlled by Sharia law and are so dangerous that the police dare not enter is utter madness.
Swedish ghettos are kindergarten-tier compared to the US equivalent. Sure, people commit crimes in higher rate around these areas - but Sweden is by no means a dangerous country.
Still, immigration is a problem.
And I would also like to point out, as a Swede, that I haven't heard of this "don't stand up and pee"-nonsense in ten years.
Edit: Again, I'm being downvoted for telling the truth. I'm being downvoted because the truth doesn't fit into your world view. This reeks of feminism techniques. You're no better than the people you oppose.
Sweden has definitely gone downhill since immigration shot through the roof, but to suggest that there are dangerous "no go zones" in Sweden is ridiculous. Sweden had 87 homicides 2014. That's 87 homicides in a country with a population of almost ten million. In comparison, Chicago had 460 homicides in 2014 on a population of 2.7 million.
[–]avoiceoftreason 4 points5 points (1 child)
This, together with declining murder rates, is an argument used by the mainstream media to prove that Sweden is safe. The statistics aren't wrong, but they're terribly misleading. A mere glance at crime statistics will show you that everything except murder rates has been rising significantly over the past few decades (especially violent crimes), including things like murder attempts, which have doubled since 1980 (against a population growth of 17%). The main explanation here is improved emergency health care: an injury that would have killed you twenty years ago can often be survived today.
On no-go zones: the fact that ambulances and firefighters cannot/refuse to enter certain immigrant-majority areas without police escort says a lot. I agree that the police still enters these areas, but certainly not without risk - remember the police van that was hit by a hand grenade this summer?
[–]americanenglishh 3 points4 points (0 children)
Sweden is safe. Is it safer than before? No, definitely not. But it's still safe, and compared to a country like the US where some cities have more homicides on a single street than the entirety of Stockholm, you really can't argue that Sweden is safe. It's all relative, though, and Sweden is definitely not as safe as it was thirty years ago, let alone ten.
I'm not pro immigration. It's a massive issue and an extremely hot topic in Sweden right now. The country is divided, both politically and socially. There hasn't been a political topic this hot in Sweden before. Not in my lifetime at least.
I'm just cracking down on the myths in this thread where people paint Sweden as a country of cuckolded, spineless beta males.
[–]Endorsed Contributorredpillbanana 3 points4 points (5 children)
Not sure why you're being downvoted - I always appreciate a person with first-hand experience. I've never been to Sweden so I can only go by articles that I've read. Sadly, first-hand articles on many of these subjects seem to be banned in Sweden.
The point of the Muslim no-go zones (in the above article) was to point out that Sweden is censoring many of these stories due to laws enforcing political correctness, so it is difficult to the real story. Would love to get your input on the PC censorship there.
In terms of murder, it seems that Sweden is much safer than the USA. However, I keep reading articles similar to this one. Again, would love your perspective on this.
Significantly, the report does not touch on the background of the rapists. One should, however, keep in mind that in statistics, second-generation immigrants are counted as Swedes.
The internet radio station Granskning Sverige called the mainstream newspapers Aftonposten and Expressen to ask why they had described the perpetrators as "Swedish men" when they actually were Somalis without Swedish citizenship. They were hugely offended when asked if they felt any responsibility to warn Swedish women to stay away from certain men. One journalist asked why that should be their responsibility.
[–]americanenglishh 3 points4 points (4 children)
Hey, thanks for the reply. PC censorship is strong over here, but I'm inclined to believe that it is no different from other progressive countries within the western hemisphere, where political correctness prevails and is the norm.
Regarding the rape statistics - this has got to be the most filthy way of distorting the truth to paint Sweden as the devil of Scandinavia.
To even put a shred of faith into the notion that Sweden could possibly be ranked 2nd in the world in rapes per capita is absolutely astonishing. Let's say Somalis are the ones doing the raping - wouldn't Somalia then have much higher rates of rape since there's a higher concentration of Somalis in that area? The same argument can be used for arabs and other african ethnicities.
Sure, I believe immigrants are more inclined to rape than Swedes, but that "Rape capital of Europe" is utter bullshit. This is just proof that Sweden is the most progressive and liberal country in the world, because those numbers factor in rape allegations, and not just actual raping. Women in Sweden actually REPORT these men. Rape numbers shot through the roof once they broadened its definition: for example, if you touch a girl between her legs against her consent, they add a rape charge in the statistics. Also, if you rape your wife 300 times, that counts as 300 separate cases of rape - whereas in other countries it may only count as one.
Tl;dr - Different countries have different definitions of rape and different ways of registering each case.
I would like to point out that yes, immigration is still a problem. But the Swedish Democrats, our anti-immigration party, got 26-27% of the votes in the latest survey, and that's up from 10% last election. People aren't blind anymore.
[–]avoiceoftreason 1 point2 points (0 children)
The main difference between media in Sweden and in other countries is that there is essentially no conservative media in Sweden. In a normal country, when a political party makes a proposal, some news outlets support it while some oppose it. This doesn't happen in Sweden, because all news outlets essentially share the same opinions (beside some small differences on economic issues, e.g. the size of the welfare state). All news outlets are pro-immigration, which means that you never get to read about its negative effects.
This creates a situation where it becomes more important for parties to please the media rather than the voters, because they have to choose between getting support from all the media outlets or none of them. This leads to policies that are popular among progressive media but unpopular among the population, such as splitting paternal leave by gender instead of letting the parents themselves decide.
Luckily, thanks to the internet, people are slowly starting to read other points of view.
[–]Endorsed Contributorredpillbanana 1 point2 points (2 children)
What I've heard is that some of the muslim men have no problems raping a non-muslim woman since they are infidels anyway. Again, no idea if this is really true - it's just what I've heard coming from that area.
So between PC censorship and inflated feminist statistics, it sounds like it is impossible to get the real story.
[–]fishysmelly 3 points4 points (1 child)
It cannot be overstated how hard the PC censorship really is. I'm from Sweden and it was in Poland I learned about some controversial rapes. Turned out the Poles were right
[–]americanenglishh 0 points1 point (0 children)
Yeah, rape happens in Sweden. But it is utterly ridiculous to believe that Sweden has more rapes than capita than any African, South African or underdeveloped country (i.e India). Reports? Allegations? False rape charges? Maybe so. Actual rapes? Fuck no.
[–][deleted] 15 points16 points (9 children)
Sweden aka the cuck capital of the world
[–]americanenglishh 9 points10 points (7 children)
Have you ever been to Sweden? I can only assume you are ill-informed and, much like feminists themselves, gullible and easily tricked by such myths as the "standing while peeing" bullshit. There is no such thing in Sweden. None at all.
Edit: Am I honestly being downvoted for telling the truth? I live in Sweden you fuckwits. That standing while peeing bullshit was a proposal we had years back, and it failed to come through. You guys are fucking sad for downvoting the truth because it doesn't fit into your world view. Hmm...seems like a familiar approach to debating. Something something feminism.
That fact that it was a proposal at all is ridiculous.
[–]americanenglishh 5 points6 points (4 children)
Really? A proposal can come from anyone. The fact that we live in a democracy and such a proposal as "Gays should not have rights!" could, albeit not likely in Sweden, surface is just proof of that - we live in a democracy. You're being dishonest.
No dishonest bullshit here. I'm all for democracy, but just because I have a vote doesn't mean I should vote to subjugate people I don't like.
And I think the people who truly believe that gays shouldn't have rights and use government as a means to that end is equally ridiculous as whatever's happening in Sweden regarding wanting men to sit when they pee.
What is bullshit is the majority of people forcing the government to meddle in the affairs of private citizens in areas that don't affect the average person in any significant way.
And I couldn't give a shit about meaningless internet points.
[–]americanenglishh 1 point2 points (2 children)
Well, again, you're making it seem like such ludicrous proposals are limited to Sweden. Because Sweden is soooo PC and men are such spineless betas, amirite?
Edit: Since you edited, why are you still on about this peeing stuff? I have literally NOT heard this proposal from anyone in the last ten years, and feminism is "stronger" than ever. This is not happening. People pee however they fucking want to pee. I vaguely remember hearing about it in school many years ago. That's it.
Oh it's definitely not limited to Sweden
[–]reigorius 0 points1 point (0 children)
It's a catchy phrase to say and sulk at the implied unfairness of how feminism are treating men. It is one of the bigger dangers of online fora and its cultural legacy. We start screaming mantras without any form of factual background check.
Well, our laws and public media for sure. The cultural elite or w/e are undoubtedly beta as hell, but at the same time a lot of young males are starting to hate what's happening and waking up. There's a lot of bitching on the net about immigration, gypsy beggars and now recently the refugee campaigns.
Look at it this way, there's a political party who wants to limit all immigrations by abot 90%, which are steadily rising. Sweden may have successfully forced people to be quiet or face social ridicule for criticising the far left, but votes are still anonymous and in all polls the Swedish Democrats rise
[–]recoveringdeleted 2 points3 points (1 child)
Why look as far as sweden? I only have to look out my window
The best irony is that women get their "powerful" jobs as doctors, lawyers, professors, etc and wonder why men don't want them any more.
[–]tomysotomayorfuxboys 46 points47 points (5 children)
Women think that their power and career success is supposed to attract men of equal, or, better yet, higher status. First of all, men generally aren't attracted to women's power or status. Second, men with money, power, and status tend to go for women who have lower status than they do. That way the woman benefits from the relationship, because he raises her socioeconomic status.
When some "successful" woman thinks she's entitled to a man who is richer than her, it is a joke, because she's not offering him anything. If a man has more money and status than the woman, the woman isn't really bringing anything to the table, in terms of status. If women want to use their money / power / status as a selling point, they'd have to go for lower status men, the way men do with women. Except women don't want to do that, and even low status men would usually prefer young, attractive women over "powerful" women anyway.
[–]EnergyDrinkGut2 2 points3 points (0 children)
I just have to put this here. Dave Chappelle and Oprah classic :) link
Forget status, money is the only reason I would fuck Oprah, then never call her back.
[–]McLarenX 4 points5 points (0 children)
The thought of fucking oprah makes my dick retract into my body
[–]CuntyMcFagNuts69 15 points16 points (1 child)
[–]McLarenX 6 points7 points (0 children)
Holy fucking shit. I don't know what is more scary, the fact that she admits "feminism" ("equal rights" my ass) is a tool used to rectify sexual regret, or the fact that she wants a solution to consensual sex that she later regrets.
We created this. Easy student loans and the creation of shitty, useless degrees created this.
[–]Endorsed ContributorLastRevision 102 points103 points (31 children)
A civilization can only be as successful as to the extent of which it is able to control female sexuality. This makes women our primary interest in society, just not for the glamorous reasons they would like to believe.
A controlled female sexuality allows men to remain naïve (blue pill). When more men remain naïve and are guaranteed a woman and a family, they will be at peak productivity in making that civilization optimal. They will raise the most stable children who guarantee a positive future for that civilization.
Granted the patriarchy wasn't perfect, some men were abusive or took advantage of the easy power they were given, but the system obviously worked more times than it didn't and we need to structure a society around what works for the majority of the time.
As female sexuality is unrestrained in today's world, far less men are guaranteed a woman and some reject it due to all the exposed pitfalls (the naïve man becomes the red pill man). Instead of having men working collectively to build a strong civilization for their offspring, we have men working for their own individual gain as the world burns.
This is why we say that the system cannot sustain itself and will collapse; the system runs best when female sexuality is restrained and men are naïve.
[–]lala_xyyz 52 points53 points (26 children)
The current system in the West won't collapse, it will just be replaced with something else that does place social controls on female sexuality. It will either come through Islam, or through restoration of Marriage 1.0 rules. Feminism is fertility-negative and will weed itself out from the gene pool in the long term. The same is valid for the naive blue-pill men (who get cucked and whose work is used to subsidize fertility-positive cultures through taxes) and jaded but childless red-pill men. The only question is which side will prevail. For an amusing take on it see Michel Houellebecq's recent novel Submission where the left pushes for a Muslim president who promptly undoes a century of feminism (and the men end up loving it).
[–]drallcom3 34 points34 points [recovered]
Right-wing parties are on the rise throughout Europe. The next 10-20 years are going to be interesting. Islam is not going to take over, but the welfare states can't be sustained to full extend anymore. Expect more unemployment and ghettos.
[–]WingTune0 2 points3 points (0 children)
Agreed. The degeneracy of blue-pilled beta liberal democracies are finally dying out, with massive support for right-wing nationalist parties on the rise, like with America's Trump and Greece's Golden Dawn Party, being more accepted by their respective populace.
[–][deleted] 13 points14 points (7 children)
What Islam is missing is intellectual thinking on their religion and ideologies. Instead you get beheaded right the fuck away. They haven't had that unlike Europe (Enlightement) and Asia (Confucius).
[–]drallcom3 15 points15 points [recovered]
Fun fact: ISIS is actually only taking the Koran literal and doing what is says. It's just that no one likes to admit it.
[–]BigRedChewingChum 5 points6 points (3 children)
Historically that is simply not accurate, Muslim culture such as in Baghdad circa 900 A.D. and the Levant near 1400 saw a flourishing of intellectualism. In fact, it was translated Greek and Roman documents circulating in the Muslim world that started the Renaissance in Europe by allowing these things to arrive on the Italian peninsula through trade with port cities like Venice. To say that Islam is lacking in intellectual thought is ignoring all of Islam's history before the 20th century. Iraq is fucked because of borders imposed by the British, Iran because of the imposition of the Shah by the United States, Syria because of training/arming rebels and a proxy war between Russia and Western Interests, and Saudi Arabia (repression-wise) because of King Fahd's crackdown on Westernization after the seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca by Juhayman in the 1970's. Like it or not, the West did a really good job at fucking up the Middle East, and now we're turning it on ourselves.
Wahhabism has fucked up these countries at least as much as the British or French, and countries like Saudi Arabia and Iran are de facto Imperial powers doing the exact same thing that the Europeans did a hundred years ago in places like Iraq, Yemen, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, the list goes on and on.
The whole blame the West thing is starting to get old, and I don't think people are buying it anymore. Taking responsibility for yourself and not blaming someone else for your problems is what Red pill is all about.
Wahhabism was a fairly small cult until the USA spread it across the world. A few decades ago you wouldn't get shot for drawing Muhammad, in fact many Muslims did it. Wahhabism spread the idea of death for prophet depiction.
[–]balkanthndr 1 point2 points (0 children)
Iconography in Islam has ALWAYS been forbidden. When the Ottomans took over the Hagia Sophia, they literally stripped all of the Christian artwork and replaced it with equivalent Islamic calligraphy because of said issue of iconography.
[–]vakerr 12 points13 points (4 children)
The high-tech civilization of the West is the result of science, technology and a high-trust (European style) society. It doesn't exist because of progressivism, it exists in spite of it. A low trust, kinship focused society where Islamic dogma dominates science will not support such high level of functionality. What you'll get is sliding backwards technologically, Malthusian limits reasserting themselves, and hopes for a human future among the stars extinguished.
[–]fishysmelly 1 point2 points (0 children)
I love this. Though with todays rapid spread of ideas through internet and general globalization feminism could very well spread faster than its population decline.
In the end all the world could get feminist and be fertility-negative. To be honest that is the only good thing about feminism in my opinion - that it decreases population, wich this world definately needs. That and post-feminism will be awesome, when the pendulum has swung back and hopefully we have solved the enviromental issues by then.
[–]1PrinceofSpades 3 points4 points (0 children)
Thanks for summarizing my bleak outlook on things so perfectly. I now have a more clear way I can explain things to any who would lend an ear, few as they are in this day and age, about why I gave up on society and now live solely for my own sake.
[–]TRP Vanguard: "Dark Triad Expert"IllimitableMan 5 points6 points (0 children)
Great post, reminiscent of my essay on Promiscuity & Civilization.
[–]LoL-Guru 59 points59 points [recovered]
This is why feminist societies have never flourished or found any sort of long term staying power on the globe. Think about how many female dominated empires you've heard of or can think in the scope of history? Not female leaders like Cleopatra, but actual female dominant societies.
The reason they don't exist is because male dominated societies would invariably come and conquer them; we are observing the social Darwinism of a feminist society. Take notes gentlemen.
[–]One_friendship_plz 6 points7 points (0 children)
Also keep in mind men that women already have control over the development of society.
• The vast majority of single parents are women.
• The vast majority of stay at home parents from married households are women.
• The vast majority of teachers (especially at younger grades) are women.
All it simply takes is for these women to switch to the feminist side for us to be screwed. Fortunately they aren't very competent.
for ages 0-15 a male is predominantly influenced by a woman.
[–]getRedPill 26 points27 points (0 children)
It's not only feminism but the whole cultural marxism combo, in which feminism is the most visible and loud voice and attacking spear. But expect more to come, the other are just getting strong and ready to attack when feminism lose credibility which it is already losing.
For instance, there's nothing that makes man more pussified and blue pilled than Welfare State, which works in conjunction with feminism and paved it's way decades ago. In welfare states the traditional provider and bread-winner have no value because everything is given to him so there's no proud no more in working and going out to earn food so he becomes weaker and weaker in mind and body. Same for her, if she needs shelter or food she doesn't need a man anymore she goes to daddy state to a) give some stamps or b) force some man to pay for her. Daddy State is the ultimate Alpha in today western societies and we all are betas in comparison. Men lost value in the eye of women.
There's more in the mix, like Political Correctness which is only a form of hidden coward censorship, but for today I leave it there.
[–]MelodyMyst 19 points20 points (0 children)
It's sad to say, but if you are old enough and if you were paying attention, you can see where almost every "slippery slope" argument of the last 50+ years has come to pass.
[–]2comment 10 points11 points (1 child)
I hate blaming feminism for our woes, because in reality it's just a societal wide shit test.
The big problem is the amount of manginas and white knights that will rush forward to fail it for all of us. And it getting reinforced by the number of single parent households raising ever increasing amounts of betas, detas, zetas wtf do I know... and the courts suppressing any TRP behavior with their own blue pill judges/legislature and what not.
I've never really ever seen a feminist who really wasn't crying out for some stabilizing masculinity in her life, despite all the verbal diarrhea they routinely vomit out. These people often don't have stable lives nor an anchor and they go crazy trying to find one buried in the latest popular buzzwords and other nonsense.
[–]McLarenX 2 points3 points (0 children)
I used to think these fucks were funny. These neutered men who willingly give up their birthright to appease the feminine initiative. It's a serious problem, however, when these poor deluded souls want to take OUR money to pay for their Marxist welfare state.
These women will never get a masculine man. He doesn't want a fat, angry, multi-colored hair single parent woman who thinks gender is a "construct". He wants a feminine, pure, submissive, caring woman who will provide for the needs of him and his offspring.
So the above mentioned feminist will instead steal our money to support Chad Jr. (whoever's kid that was from the pool party gangbang), rejecting the emasculated pussies they created. I don't think anyone really thought through the potential long-term consequences of this system.
[–]garlicextract[🍰] 6 points7 points (0 children)
Ding ding ding ding, this is why we come to TRP. Great insight.
[–]Zemataitais 6 points6 points [recovered]
I went to the theater for the first time in a couple years yesterday to see "The Intern".
It centers around a woman (Angelina Jolie) struggling to manage her startup with a family life (beta stay-at-home dad cheats on her [somehow]). Essentially it makes a statement on women being able to have the ambitious, high-profile job without having it "threaten her husband's manhood".
What bothers me most is that not a single male character was presented in a strong, positive light. Every male in the film was a bonafide pussy and/or idiot. EVERY. SINGLE. ONE.
One could argue De Niro was presented positively, but Christ he was spewing feminist "you go girl" white knight platitudes the whole movie while she treated him like dogshit.
Is this the norm nowadays? Beta men dominating cinema? No chance in hell I would let my son get poisoned by such filth.
Then again, I look around and see most men acting in the same way so its likely a reflection of real life. Depressing for society, really.
[–]Ferelden 6 points7 points (0 children)
I think this is a flawed premise. The most powerful men in the country are only allowing feminism to work because it isn't costing them anything. As soon as it does, and it will, you'll see the media and government start pushing back.
this is 9 years old? that man is a prophet
[–]Senior Contributordr_warlock 7 points8 points (0 children)
Don't forget to add Aldous Huxley and George Orwell
[–]Backfist 12 points13 points (3 children)
The funny part is going to be when the women start converting to Islam and fucking the new arrivals. This looks more to me like asymmetrical warfare than anything else, there is a window where men will have a chance to stand up and say enough is enough before the women will see it as weakness and bend the knee to the new patriarchy. Lets not forget also that Atheism and the destruction of Christianity is a part of this, deep down inside women will always be more respectful and subservient under the influence of religion and it gives the hamster plenty of room to run. These are just a few of the things I see, Islam is the new patriarchy and ~75% of the refugees flooding into Europe are male so either figure out how to get your governments in line or get ready to watch European Civilization burn. At least Putin is not fooled.
[–]TriadOmega 5 points6 points (0 children)
Great write up. I personally believe that this is spot on, and eventually once this shit has been pushed too far a more radical and and revolutionary force will take over. I wouldn't be surprised if in 100 years women are no longer allowed to vote:
"look what happened last time we gave you that privilege"
[–]PoopSmearMoustache 7 points8 points (8 children)
Even with the strongest of atheist leanings it seems to me that the only logical choice here is to revert back to pseudo-Christianity and segregation of the sexes during adolescence like a failed checkmate attempt against our foe - human oppression.
The sisterhood have pretty much risen to the role of policing the values and authorising status for all up and coming men. A whole class reversal of the sexes is happening in the west and men (weakened by a complete lack of authority over women in any social sphere) spoil the "magic" that was the woman's own seduction and cause for her charm (simply tougher men). We all know they offer up false virtues for men that she knows she won't be attracted to simply because she can set them not only because they are the complete opposite of what can be found attractive at the outset (for the average male).
Don't expect a beta uprising either, in the coming generations they will be neutered like dogs on their first offence.
Unless men of today stop this trend from staining the social fabric we can expect the still functioning, still magical, "exotic" cultures to swoop in and liberate western women from what they must feel is the inevitable failure of every single man to prevent society from total self-destruction.
[–]inu51kza 5 points6 points (4 children)
Calm your tits. Being ethnic or non white is still a -3 handicap for your SMV in western society and that's not changing any time soon.
Only difference is now white men who aren't in the top 10% are treated as badly as ethnic men.
More chance of alpha men joining these oppressive religions and culture sick of CC riding sluts than women.
[–]through_a_ways 5 points6 points (0 children)
that's not changing any time soon.
I highly doubt that. If you look at shows for small children and teens, there are loads of white female/non-white male pairings. A brief stint on any European dominated penpal website (not American) will reveal every other <20s girl as obsessed with Korean, Japanese, and even Chinese pop idols.
As you go forward in time, the power of women relative to men increases, and the power of non whites relative to whites increases.
You're speaking from an absolutist standpoint, and from that standpoint it's still quite true. But if you compare the situation for non-white males now to the situation in the 1950s, it's totally false.
As alternative media become even more popular, and poor countries acquire better nutrition and become taller, this difference will shrink significantly.
[–]1oldredder 3 points4 points (2 children)
Nope. It's very clear being a muscular latino or black man gets you +2 SMV against a ton of white men in nearly the same age & fitness category, for most of the women around.
[–]inu51kza 1 point2 points (0 children)
Only in lower socio economic classes imo because gangstwr types are the kings of their society. From suburbia upwards ie most of western society it's only a phase to piss off parents and get some attention or because you've heard they have massive dicks and you're thirsty.
No well off white girl wants to date an ethnic unless they jump through all sorts of hoops and are as white washed as possible. Guys like Obama - handsome light skin brown harvard law etc get non ghetto white girls. they're unicorn rare.
[–]cadetmaster 6 points7 points (0 children)
Brilliant post.
Based in the UK at the moment and this plague has more than erupted. It's a hilarious alliance of feminists and muslims, who rather ironically believe in almost polar opposite ideologies. It would be quite amusing if they both did not infect the young with their "progressive" garbage, then again I suppose with such foolish beliefs, much like the religious, it's better to brainwash them young as nobody of age would believe such tripe.
[–]1oldredder 8 points9 points (2 children)
Argument is invalid: muslims actually don't want to migrate but someone went in and bombed all their homes for no good reason, then invented a reason that was a lie, oh and then found it was cheaper to steal oil by guarding pipelines and wells with US soldiers instead of just paying money for it directly to those who owned it.
Muslim migration is not the problem. Military global dictatorship terrorism is actually the problem and every person in every nation is made a slave because of it, and ONE tine of the trident is people MIGRATING away from terrorism-death, and ANOTHER tine in the trident is FEMINISM, and yet another is FIAT CURRENCY, and so on.
this is the old story we keep hearing, 'we are victims, it isn't us'. The big migration is because of the aftermath of the Arab Spring, where people attempted to overthrow dictators, but in Syria it didn't work. What we have found is that there was a good reason for there being dictators, it simply isn't the case that democracy is a good system for everybody at every stage of their development. Assad is not our doing, and actually neither is the centuries-old conflict between Sunni and Shia, which is what is behind ISIS.
Saying everything is the West's fault is just following the feminist line. It is all those nasty white men that are causing the trouble. But remember that those coming into Europe, often cast as refugees, are actually economic migrants. They have made such a piss poor job of managing their own countries and now want to invade an area that is economically better and more peaceful.
[–]billcosbyeatsbabies 2 points3 points (0 children)
In this context, the concept of Islamic tradition is great. And I agree. It's a direct representation of a properly functional male-dominated society. The part where it goes all wrong for me is believing in the man in the sky. You know what?? Allah isn't in the sky! He didn't make the universe and all things holy. Allah, or the figure of God, is inside us all. God is the interior of every single human being ever. When the bible or torah says "God says love everyone as you would love your neighbour", it's saying that you should embrace that ideology!! It's not even demanding that you believe in the mysterious man in the sky, it's asking that you believe in yourself. That's what believing in God is. It's believing in yourself wholeheartedly to the point where you have embraced all the good messages of the bible and do them and share them with others.
[–]WoahScienceCool 2 points3 points (1 child)
As much as I hate to see the decline of Europe and America, how anybody can read something like this and still wish to pursue White women is a complete mystery to me. As a white male, I cant possibly think of a more terrible and traitorous group of people. Hispanic women are hotter anyways- so really whats the point?
Go on, bring on the down-votes from the cuckolds who will support their precious, unique special snowflake White women no matter what. No matter how many times they stab their own men in the back.
Tbh though if AL gore were president the world would have been a bit better off without the war fucking everything up so that was a bad example
[–]inu51kza 7 points8 points (8 children)
Isn't the point that these sjw types have just stolen bush's crony capitalist strategy of killing free speech, using shame tactics and increasing sexual policing/repression.
He did it for profit and pandered to ultra right nutjobs cynically but they've taken the same format and gone insane with it.
microaggressions ultra shame tactics rape culture patriarchal theory. it's terrifying what they're doing and its going to leave a neutered broken society. he pushed the kill privacy deregulate bankers and shame anyone for dare questioning the war you must hate the troops but this is just that but worse.
in bushs usa society hates you for abstractly disrespecting brave troops. in sjw America antifeminism makes you a rapist
so we were fucked either way? and are getting fucked both ways since both hold true right now.
[–]inu51kza 11 points12 points (6 children)
Honestly yeah. Alpha status isn't going to solve shit. She will never be impressed. Worth 1m? Oh but that other lawyer in your group is worth 10m. Richest in your group? yeah but Sarahs bf has an 8 inch cock.
Sluts will be sluts. Encourage sexual freedom decry slut shaming maintain the image. Fuck around in your 20s. Find religion in your 30s and marry a sheltered girl in your new community. Shell be boring but that's why you have friends. A good partner is stable and predictable and reliable above all else.
Politically dedicate your life to academia activism etc or shut up and play the game within the new rules. Ideaology is like a pendulum swinging back and forth. This generation was liberal because of conservatives in power exploiting their influence. Next will swing back seeing the left go nuts. Just like the baby boomers did when they saw socialism in power.
Powerful people don't care about ideaology they care about power. Ideaology is how they gain power. Don't fall into the trap.
Bush Clinton Bush Obama all pushed the same policies of slow erosion of privacy and rights and increased control. Big or small fed rhetoric aside theyre all happy to grow the one branch of the state which gives them more control ie defence.
[–]americanenglishh 5 points6 points (2 children)
Or you could simply stop putting so much weight into women? What is this madness? Are you so paranoid and spineless that you must alter your entire life and become religious simply because you're afraid of hooking up with a slut? Jesus Christ.
[–]inu51kza 4 points5 points (0 children)
Who's being paranoid and spineless. It's basic pragmatism. You could waste your life redesigning it around RP principles or just use the institutions built which for 1000s of years have on a societal level tried to solve most of the issues that come from basic hypergamy instinct.
You don't have to believe in supernatural fairies to take advantage of a club that teaches people morals once a week/month (most eastern religions don't require any sort of regular attendance or even have a supernatural component).
You're a man with dreams and things to build and achieve. You could waste years spinning plates training sluts fighting off the instincts and rhetoric feminist society/their peer group is feeding them .
Or you could take the shortcut and find someone with an acceptable entrenched value system that people around her consolidate regularly.
Worst case scenario you pay a little lip service for 2 or 3 festivals a year but is it really that big a deal having a family friend send you a Christmas/diwali/hannukah whatever card with God bless you and your family?
It keeps society in order.
Flip perspective and it's your approach that's putting way too much effort into women to uphold pointless principles when there's an easy time tested societal solution available.
[–]1oldredder 1 point2 points (2 children)
Makes more sense to get your shit together: finances, resources, skills - and migrate to a safer part of the planet, which there are plenty of right now.
[–]skoobled 3 points4 points (4 children)
The question is, will the shit really hit the fan during our lifetimes. The real worry is if it does when we're too old and frail to defend ourselves. I'm aware that people tend to always believe that "the end is nigh", but world wars do happen...
[–]JohnGalt316 11 points12 points (13 children)
feminism is a shit test for white males and white males have failed
[–]inu51kza 38 points39 points (10 children)
Don't think this has anything to do with being white. It's a power grab plain and simple.
I'm a brown man. I get racist shit thrown at me daily. I don't need some feminist bitching about catcalling lumping me in with her group to boost her numbers. I'm sure the gays feel the same way. They just want marriage rights not some massive bull dyke in a pink wig telling him we should eradicate masculinity.
I have had ti deal with a gang of neo nazis try to stab me when out clubbing. In a firy like London. I had to bill 20% more hours to get a promotion over a white guy despite being more qualified experienced and bringing in more clients. That's actual discrimination. That's actually a problem worth fighting over.
Trans friendly gender neutral bathroom signs are not.
No Chinese or Indian man is getting pussy or any benefit out of this movement. Still fucked by affirmative action like white guys still fucked by white old boys network like the black guys.
The reason antifeminism movements die is because all the rednecks come out to turn this into a race war and all the non fascists think I'd rather side with the angry bull dyke than the ku klux klan.
Don't make it a white issue. Ethnic men are just as against this.
I'm brown. I'm Hindu. We hate Islam just as much as you. We've been dealing with their bullshit longer than you and we're criticised for the same policies this sub wants.
India have been trying to send back muslim refugees to Bangladesh since the 70s. Now that Europe has to deal with them it's suddenly ok to say no to a Muslim invasion but when we do it were cruel.
[–]truthiesttruth 10 points11 points (5 children)
Look up voting lines based on sex/ethnicity.
Women are generally more left leaning. Hispanics are generally more left leaning.
This issue is intricately connected to race. You are only doing yourself a disservice by ignoring this fact and maintaining an incomplete picture of the whole situation.
While I will not deny racism and discrimination against innocent non whites still exist (when it shouldnt), there is almost most certainly an attack on western white masculinity, while the real culprits of oppression can act against women with impunity.
Feminists largest mouthpieces have said little to nothing about the rotherham scandal... Pakis abducting/abusing 1400 little girls and forcing them into sex slavery: Feminists dont give a single fuck, infact guess who they blamed for this? You got it: white males for oppressing brown males sexuality.
Corporations set the air condition to a temperature comfortable for men: A week long outcry.
You cannot hostly tell me that this outrage is targeted at men of all color, it is predominantly for white men.
Ethnic men are just as against this.
Heres the problem, there is no more room for a political middle ground. It used to be that the system had 2 sides which kept each other in check, but now the left has moved to goal posts so far leftward that there is no where for a white male to actually stand.
You only have 3 options:
• Submit to leftism and accelerate the decline
• Abstain completely and just enjoy the decline
• Go extremely far right wing. (Most likely end in in fucking jail)
Its about living in a functioning society where people share similar value systems and that is not possible under the leftist system. Europe is a prime example, the women there pushed for complete emasculation of the male populace and now muslim men are swarming in to dominate the countries, it will NOT end well.
[–]inu51kza 10 points11 points (3 children)
When you're ethnic male or female you vote left by default because you assume right wing is a synonym for racism. Doesn't matter if I agree on free speech tax policy whatever. In my head one group irrationally hates me and thinks I'm somehow inferior because of my skin. That's why ethnics vote left.
Survival instinct will always trump abstract academic agreements on policy. This gut feeling is hard to overcome. Even now I'm looking for an excuse to vote left, just any hint of a candidate that won't pander to the SJWs and I'm back to the left. We don't have many Hispanics in England/Europe so not sure what the social dynamic is like. I imagine the influx of Mexican and central American illegals creates a new motivation for them to vote left to avoid friends relatives and vital community members being rounded up and deported. The left will buy votes by promising amnesties and to turn a blind eye. The pragmatic right wing politician would run on a platform of amnesties and heavy spending on border control if he wants to snatch that demographic. They're catholic and basically conservative in principle. Take the short term hit and you have a massive voting bloc for decades.
Again though with your white masculinity. It's an attack on masculinity period. You think a lot of Indian men are getting a feminist pat on the back for their boldness in clubs? You're getting their " man tries to show interest = creep " treatment now. Ethnics have had that label on them for decades. Chinese and Indian dudes don't have different ways of expressing masculinity. Most guys around the world like having a few drinks a few laughs and then heading out with the boys to find some girls to fuck. Muslim immigrants too - 90% of them are hypocrites who drink smoke fuck and put on a show for their parents but are basically quite westernised.
Go visit the sub asianmasculinity. In the western world if you're brown or yellow you've been neutered and emasculated for decades. There are no asian sex symbols. You're a nerd or a creep. That's it. Highest aspiration is being a beta if you're on of the good ones. Show any sign of male aggression and you're from a country that's rape culture on steroids.
Fuck that. Masculinity is under fire and we cannot afford to play into their game of divide and conquer.
Whether being targeted directly like white men are is worse or whether being treated like weak pussies who are already so feminine they can't possible be a threat like asian men are is worse is not important. Neither are acceptable.
FYI as a side note here in the UK the Pakistan rape ring got nonstop media coverage for weeks and enquiries and new policies drafted etc it was a massive issue, the air temperature story got a 2 min slot on afternoon news blew up on buzzfeed and got a cheesy breakfast show follow up. Most men and women are equally vacuous when they'd rather debate and upvote stupid non arguments like that than a serious issue that might bum them out like a paki sex trafficking ring or the countless Thai Polish and Romanian prostitution rings where girls are practically forced into it.
Islam is its own issue and excessive tolerance of it for PC reasons is something that bothers brown yellow white and black men all the same.
Feminism banning masculinity is its own issue too. They use different strategies to strip us of it but all our races are fighting the same emasculating harpies.
Finding the most centrist and inclusive argument against the SJW.movement is the only hope. Far right movements play into their hands. Grounding it in academic free speech rhetoric and gaining the legal sectors backing against their guilt until proven innocent t and then still probably a mysoginist kangaroo court justice is the best way to gain mainstream legitimacy.
Even mentioning it as a race issue for white men immediately cuts off the entire 40% of the political centre that is looking at the left and feeling uncomfortable bit needs someone reasonable to go against them that isn't just going to go on about white male rights.
The media called it an "Asian rape ring", despite it only having Pakistanis/Bangladeshis, and no non-Muslim Bangladeshis at that.
So basically, paedophillia and racist reporting is a-ok as long as noone says the M-word.
[–]inu51kza 3 points4 points (0 children)
Tbh even certain types of Islam are fine. Sufi sects are some of the most liberal artistic religious people you'll meet now and historically.
It's just combination disenfranchisement, lack of assimilation, with ghetto clusters, a global climate of extremism and a lack of sufficient denouncement of extremism by local leaders - and then you have the perfect storm of problems.
And even then it's a very very fringe minority.
In saying that I'd rather that minoritys influence didn't grow. Just like I'm against crazy Christian doomsday type fringe extremist groups in America or neo nazi Christians in Europe.
Extremism of all sorts mixed with religion is going to lead to harmful societal consequences.
Islam is just the biggest threat right now but let's not turn it into a bogeyman or ignore the actual problem of extremism by getting fixated on the Islam thing.
[–]truthiesttruth 1 point2 points (0 children)
See you are no different from women, voting with your emotions for short term gain, all the while distrusting the evil white western man.
You and I might have very similar political/social values and could coexist very peacefully, I wholeheartedly believe this (which is another reason why I reject white nationalism) but the fact that you insist on dragging society to the left is actually doing your cause more harm.
Not because the white man is going to take up arms against you, but because the muslim man will once the society you are busy voting finishes castrating the western white male.
I will readily admit that I view the world through an anglo saxon lens, I do not know what its like to be brown/yellow but I have a vague idea. Perhaps white western woman have always treated you like shit, but understand that my experience has changed drastically over the last decade or so, the white male hate has grown to become noticeable and fashionable.
Also understand that much of your poor experience comes from the fact that many western women want white men, the msg reply trends on dating websites indicate this and so you cannot expect to have it easy with women, but its also another indicator that race seeps into every issue.
Some of the most traditional families I know are Asian, the men accept arranged marriages and their wives come from india/china to live the life of a housewife over here, raising the kids and beating the shit out of them when they dont get good grades. I am actually envious of some some of your cultures aspects.
Chinese family outing = to the library. White trash family outing = chucky cheese.
Actually no theres nothing "we" the collective male can do, those leftist parties you are voting in have made sure of that.
This is not about the peanut gallery, its about the fact that the UK government KNEW of a childsex ring that involved more than 1400 girls FOR A DECADE and did nothing because "muh islamaphobia".
THAT is the issue here, I was talking about feminism because they too refuse to stand up and say anything because "MUH islamaphobia". This is the society you are helping to create. I want no part of it.
Look up Amanda Kijera, a liberal feminist who went to Haiti on a "humanitarian" mission to prove that violence against women wasnt an issue, that it was a made up story by western media to show the black haitian man in a bad light. Guess who she blamed after being raped? Whitey.
Not enough to stop voting left though apparently.
You still think there is hope, cute.
Far right movements play into their hands.
It does not, I can assure you of this, just wait, you will know exactly what I mean when far right rule (sharia) takes over your town.
Nothing is stopping brown and yellow people from running/voting on the right except irrational fears played up by the left.
You chose a dvd for tonight
[–]inu51kza 3 points4 points (0 children)
men are cooperative by nature. none of us are seeking a leg up or extra sympathy as the most downtrodden.
We all have a commont goal of an unintrusive society and level playing field so our hard work and creativity can speak for itself.
[–]getRedPill 2 points3 points (1 child)
It's ironic movements like feminism were started by white people, including, yes, white man. A fenomenom named White Guilt.
By the way, who is John Galt?
[–]Criket 12 points12 points [recovered]
From my past experience with women, I'm thinking seriously to convert to Islam. I would like to be proud from being a MAN, and not to feel lower than the dog
[–]DomoDoge92 16 points16 points [recovered]
You know, I used to hate Islam for its policies towards women, but now I realize its needed to control women and their hypergamous nature. Its not perfect but its better than the shitshow we have now.
[–]Morlag 0 points0 points [recovered]
Just curious, what would make you choose Islam over Christianity, given that Christianity endorses TRP type gender views without the commands to kill the infidel?
[–]DomoDoge92 12 points12 points [recovered]
But Christianity has become too feminized and corrupted.
[–]Dildo_Saggins 1 point2 points (0 children)
This is why the founding fathers wanted to create a secular society.
I don't want to have to throw in with either religious group. They're both crazy.
[–]drallcom3 7 points7 points [recovered]
That's how they recruit weak men for their wars, real or political.
[–]PrimaxAUS 12 points13 points (6 children)
If that's how you feel then the problem is inside of you. You're letting yourself be defined not only by others, but the perception you believe others have of you. You should reclaim your identity.
[–]Criket 20 points20 points [recovered]
Did you even get in court at a divorce case in started by a women?
Working 50 hours week as a carpenter, doing hard job nobody want to do, when her doesn't want to do a thing. (If she don't want to work, it's her right) Lose by default the custody of the two kids, the house, paid 30'000$ of avocat and to be left in your pocket only a quart of your salary. And to be treated like a criminal non stop, no resource to help you and when you finally find some help, they use that in court as you're are a shameless boneless piece of garbage who is not strong enough by himself and use the fact that you're use help to lower you even more...
I would like to be proud to be a man. To be the reliable family figure of the '50 like my Grandpa was. Not a boneless lower than the dog.
PS Sorry for my bad english!
[–]terabyter9000 3 points4 points (1 child)
You did fine with the English. Good points. By the way that's why I'm not married and never will be.
[–]Criket 0 points1 point (0 children)
I'll seriously recommend a vasectomy. And keep that fact to yourself. Why? It will prevent paying child support.
Will there be any fight from the men or will we submit like our wild feral bitches?
[–]TheRedThrowAwayPill 1 point2 points (0 children)
"FEMINISIM .... DESTROY ... WEST" in title? Check
"Islam" in the body? Check
Alllahauuuuuuakkbaarrrr .. .err.. I mean, this isn't really knew. YOU may be reading all this in a 2015 RP light. But remember, this was in a post-9/11 world where he's not really talking about "ISLAM"; the author is really hinting at terrorism rampaging all over Europe like 100 years, and by side-effect Islam will inherit as a trophy this newly de-masculinzed land.
(Of course it would; because Europe would be for the taking if it was only ran by feminism).
[–]1commentatorX 3 points4 points (0 children)
" I have never been able to see how a thirty-year-old moron can vote more wisely than a fifteen-year-old genius . . . but that was the age of the "divine right of the common man." ... Never mind, they paid for their folly. "
[–]Endorsed ContributorRed_August 3 points4 points (1 child)
If a human band was led by the weak 25,000 years ago, it would stand to reason, and it would be fairly easy to imagine how quickly that band would self-destruct by war, female poaching, or simply poor resource acquisition and management. That band's reproductive strategy failed, and the poor resilience and resourcefulness resulting from it would bring a quick ending. Others would take form and take its place.
Unfortunately, on a civilization's scale, the poison pill decline has a much longer arch and affects far many more people. We'll unfortunately have to deal with micro-aggressions, HAES, slut walks, presidents and prime ministers sharing their feelz for decades before the cleansing effects of collapse gains a critical mass.
[–]akrebsie 2 points3 points (0 children)
I think civilizations rise and fall on such a large time scale that successful traits have not had to time to be selected for, only ideas can save us. But this one is different this time we have ridden a wave of technology that is getting bigger as it goes and it is such that it may continue even after a significant collapse.
[–]RationalistFaith1 3 points3 points [recovered]
The "Islam Invasion" rhetoric is scary, I get there's immigration happening but the over generalizations are a little too much considering a lot of my Muslim friends are unnoticeable to your run of the mill Westerner. I'm with you for any immigrant that doesn't even try to assimilate.
Also, as a side note quite hypocritical and apathetic considering the West instigated colonialism as well as Oil Wars. These are but consequences of a century long of sins.
[–]FaustoRMD 5 points6 points (1 child)
Not only feminism. Feminism is one of the tools the elites are using to destroy the pilars of the west. Xenostrogens, banning of raw milk and steroids, keynesianism in public schools...the list go long.
[–]Nicholas_ 1 point2 points (0 children)
it already has and I wish it would die and go away
[–]MrRexels 1 point2 points (4 children)
That's just the natural order of things you know. Societies are born in tradition and religion, they subvert or conquer the ones around them, they reach hegemony and give up on what made them strong on the first place, thus they slowly start to decay and go to shit, and from that shit new, better societies arise.
Happened to the Romans, will happen to the Anglo-Saxon West too.
I recommend you guys learn spanish, Dominican Republic looks lovely this time of the year.
[–]1oldredder 0 points1 point (1 child)
Might consider Mandarin or Russian. The new main language will be, or derivatives will come from, the language of the conquerors.
[–]1whatsazipper 0 points1 point (0 children)
The demographic 'conquerors' will be Spanish speakers. They will add about 100 million to the US population by 2050.
[–]Nieben 1 point2 points (0 children)
Actually, complacency will destroy "the West".
Complacency destroys all.
[–]TheRealBruce13 3 points4 points (4 children)
Pseudo-intellectualism and fear mongering should have no place in this sub. No, feminists or muslims won't destroy the west. You simply heavily understimate the west's resilience and ability to quickly adapt. Most muslims countries are screwed internally and those leaving in peace are under our boot (hello Turkey, Saudi Arabia and soon Iran). There simply is no centralized power able to take advantage of the high numbers of muslims immigrants in Europe: as time goes on Islam will disapear in Europe. Don't let the media fool you into thinking we are bowing to Saudi Arabia or Qatar or whatever, in practice we have military bases in their countries not the opposite.
[–]6-_-j 0 points1 point (10 children)
I prefer red pill posts which don't mention stupid religious bullshit.
[–]2johnnight[S] 9 points10 points (5 children)
Because you are looking at it wrong.
Religions are a codex, a set of rules that define what is moral and how to behave. The divine aspect is there for enforcement. Usually they do it to stabilize societies and the proof is in their longevity. In this sense liberalism or feminism are quasi-religions, but I would claim that they are destabilizing and have a short life-span.
It is important to understand that the current quasi-religion deems masculinity immoral (they use the word 'toxic' instead) and it programs us to behave a certain way. That behavior is unattractive to women.
It's hard to break the life-long programming, because acting different often feels uncomfortable. Maybe pointing out the macro-scale consequences of the programming will make it easier for people to break out of its nonsense.
[–]papersheepdog 0 points1 point (0 children)
Is femenism, as explored here, just a part of general domestication? Creating a dependence on the state? Clipping our collective beaks for our protection, or really for the protection of the system?
One [vision for the future of america] centralizes power and knowledge in a manner that tears down communities and infrastructure as it dominates wealth and shrinks freedom. The other diversifies power and knowledge to create new wealth through rebuilding infrastructure and communities and nourishing our natural resources in a way that reaffirms our ancient and deepest dream of freedom. -catherine austin fitts
If we had a more cooperative culture, people would not be a burden but rather a source of abundance. We wouldnt need to live in fear like this..... There is a bigger picture here than feminism lets take a few more red pills
[–]BramRhodesDouglas 0 points1 point (1 child)
All that is necessary for men to have their power back is for them to take it back. That's it. Women can't stop us. We're stronger than them. That's exactly why Islam is growing in power. They don't ask for power, negotiate power, or try to play games. They just take shit.
You could say the same about people vs politicians and the rich. But in both cases any taking of power is demonized instantly so it doesn't gain any traction
[–]cariboo_j 0 points1 point (0 children)
So true.
• Men wield the guns to keep society safe - police internally and soldiers externally
• Men do hard physical labor to keep society running - construction workers, road workers, sanitation workers, oil rig workers
• Men invent shit to help society run better - scientists, computer progammers
You see the odd woman in these jobs but the vast, vast majority are men. These are absolutely necessary jobs that women either can't or won't do. Feminists forget all the wealth and safety they enjoy is provided by men, sometimes at great personal risk to these men. Civilization would literally crumble in a matter of days if men suddenly refused to do these jobs.
For this reason I find it especially disgusting when I hear of soldiers getting divorced rape.
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6 Votes
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Comments: 8
Ideas: 0
Rating: 4.3333
Condition: Normal
ID: 4946
March 25, 2008, 10:51 pm
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Cheka Man
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"My god, what is that?"
"Orcweed, sir. Never need a wall with this growing."
Full Description
Orcweed is a tough, ridiculously hardy plant that grows almost anywhere it can find open space. With a stalk nearly as thick as a man’s thumb, shaded a bilious green hue, jagged thorns that jut out in a way reminiscent of orcish tusks, and eye-searingly vivid, powerfully rancid-smelling flowers that thankfully only blossom for a few weeks before withering, it is very definitely a survivor among plants. Even without cultivation, it grows in wild clusters across the countryside,untroubled by much of anything but the hardiest of grazers and the verminous flies that spread the orcweed’s pollen.
Some few settlements have discovered it can be cultivated, however; growing steadily around the year, if dying sections are trimmed away, orcweed can easily reach eight to ten feet in height, with wicked barbs capable of punching through boiled leather and stalks tough and springy enough to withstand an infantry charge, or dissuade most cavalry due to the thorns. For those willing to tolerate the flies that swarm when the orcweed blooms as well as the constant maintenance to keep it from spreading, it makes a fantastic palisade, capable of discouraging even the wildest of attackers - save, perhaps, orcs, who find the smell and color of the flowers appealing, often appearing bedecked in them during the brief blooming season.
Orcweed’s flaws are few, but noticable:
-The thorns are vulnerable to direct fire, which will also tend to scorch the stalk enough to release the vision-inducing fumes into the smoke.
-Orcweed flowers retain their potent stink for close to three months after the initial bloom, with the measurable increase in both flies and appearances by orcish tribes during this time.
-If allowed to die and rot, the pulp in the stalk tends to quickly rot and ferment into a powerfully repulsive sludge that bursts the stalk within a few days, soaking into almost any surface and rendering it unpalatable for anyone with a sense of smell.
Additional Information
Orcweed also has some few medicinal properties, if the side effects can be tolerated.
-The thorns, ground to a powder, can be inhaled through the nose to dull the sense of smell for those who need to work in potent-smelling conditions; unfortunately, for the few weeks it takes for the effects to wear off, the users are prone to spontaneous nosebleeds.
-The flowers, dried and used to brew a tea, produce a purgative effect, but leave the user suffering from a rancid taste in the mouth for several days thereafter.
-Smoke from burning green orcweed can help produce visions in those seeking them, but the hideous odor of the smoke clings to everything touched by it for days.
If harvested and dried, the flowers can often be traded or sold to orcs after the blooming season is past; some chemical component is the flowers’ scent actually smells sweet to the orcish senses, and their spectrum range is skewed such that the flowers actually having a pleasing hue rather than eye-burning.
Unfortunately, convincing the weed to remain in the stand where it is wanted is a difficult task, year-round; if care is not taken, stands of orcweed will rapidly be found blooming in gardens, middens, and in a few cases, chamberpots left too close to an open window during the brief blooming season. Added with the way that orc tribes will tend to show up every few days while the flowers retain their odor, most settlements still prefer a solid wooden wall over the orcweed thicket-wall.
Orcweed, not surprisingly, is not an entirely natural creation. The shamans of an orcish tribe now extinct were responsible for it, seeking to make a plant the tribe could use for decoration (the flowers), utility (the tough, sturdy stalks make excellent carry-poles, and can be used for shamanic visions), and weaponry (for a few weeks, the orcweed’s thorns make excellent spear points).
Unfortunately, the tribe was unaware of how prolific the plant was once bred, as up until the final generation was deemed a success and planted outside, all the former generations had been carefully controlled and kept isolated to keep the botanical breeding from going awry.
Now, orcweed competes fiercely with just about everything else that grows, having no natural predators save the orcs interested in harvesting stands for their own use.
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Comments ( 8 )
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Voted valadaar
March 25, 2008, 10:02
This is quite good! I do have a thing for magical and odd plants and I think I'll be adding this in my next revision of the Unseen Fortress! It will fit in well.
Voted Cheka Man
March 25, 2008, 14:03
You could use the Greendeath in the Fortress too.
Voted MoonHunter
March 25, 2008, 17:01
Another living wall like Qanquen Trees. These types of things allow for a variety of natural forts/ keeps/ etc.
I find this one quite interesting. Magical Genecrafting by Orcish Shamans, there is something you don't hear about every day. I do find that the plant seems to be wearing a red cape, as it is soo super. Perhaps only slowing down a charger or ram, rather than being a near invuneable elastic wall.
It should be somewhat vunerable to fire or something.
Given its properties, why isn't everyone using it? Sure it is annoying stuff and the flies would simply require a large supply of fragrent ointments and tinctures to keep them away, but it is a cheap, relatively easy to make and maintain, fortification wall. Now imagine this stuff augmenting a thinner real wall.
So what is slowing the spread of this down? It seems like kudzu on steroid. It seems like the seeds are spread by being stuck to flies and grazing things. But it should spread easily enough.
March 25, 2008, 22:58
Why isn't everyone using it? Chiefly because whenever it chooses to bloom, the next several months involve anyone with a garden lacerating themselves trying to keep it out of the garden, regular appearances by all manner of orcs, and anyone foolish enough to burn the stalk being uselessly drugged-out for the next day or so, depending on how much smoke they've inhaled.
Each stand only blooms for a few weeks; during this time, the seeds get spread by the flies, but once the blooms dry, there aren't any seeds for them to spread, even though the flowers retain their smell for a while. Orcs tend to home in on the stands during blooming season as well, which cuts down on the amount of flowers left to bloom and produce seeds when the entire stand gets cut down for the tribe's use.
I did add a vulnerability to fire, and a 'oh please kill it before it dies naturally' aspect.
Voted Chaosmark
March 25, 2008, 22:21
I agree with it being vulnerable to fire, and not able to 'bounce off' charging cavalry. It would certainly shred them good though, and it'd take one heck of a rider to get his horse to charge into a mass of this stuff. So, it still provides solid defense, but if you get enough fanatics together (or undead, or elementals, or...), it probably won't hold for exceptionally long.
A good, solid submission. I like it, good job.
March 25, 2008, 23:00
Adjusted it a bit; it'll repel infantry and most cavalry will have trouble convincing their animals to charge it, but a determined enough charge could get through, if they don't mind being lacerated.
I expect a fair number of cavalrymen to get bucked off into it, though.
Voted Blydden
July 31, 2010, 16:40
Hmm. Now I must make an orc druid to go with this astounding plant.
I wonder how a half-orc would feel about it?...
(Also, what do the flowers look like?)
Voted Phaidros
February 25, 2014, 12:44
Interesting plant and backstory, with good uses for who can stomach the smell (or is an Orc). Though I miss a description of how the flower looks like.
The notion of Shamanic gene-crafting opens the possibility of more: maybe the Orcs themselves are a engineered race, or dire-animals are created as "properly Orcish" animals..
I know get an idea for a setting of steampunk Humans and Dwarves versus Orcish hordes supported by genecrafting....
Meanwhile, how do Half-Orcs see the plant?
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// This source file is part of the Swift.org open source project
// Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017 Apple Inc. and the Swift project authors
// Licensed under Apache License v2.0 with Runtime Library Exception
//
// See https://swift.org/LICENSE.txt for license information
// See https://swift.org/CONTRIBUTORS.txt for the list of Swift project authors
// RUN: not %target-swift-frontend %s -typecheck
var b{class A{struct Q{class A{struct S{init()}}}}}class S<T{func a<h{func b<T where h.g=a{
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Ideological Voters Are Easy to Manipulate
Their willingness to rally over the smallest perceived slight means that candidates are free to ignore the issues they care about.
Romneys fulnessssssss.jpg
Is criticism of Ann Romney going to rally the heretofore-unenthusiastic conservative base around her husband's bid for the White House? Jennifer Rubin at The Washington Post thinks so. So do two writers at TPM. And the Romney campaign's behavior suggests it too thinks it can squeeze conservative excitement from the controversy. This fleeting kerfuffle won't be remembered in a month, but that doesn't mean it won't help change the way conservatives see the election.
The fact is that ideological voters are easy to manipulate. Think of the last presidential election. Conservatives had been complaining about John McCain for years. What did it take for them to rally around the Arizona senator? A vice-presidential pick and the perception that the media was attacking her unfairly. This makes no logical sense. The media's treatment of Sarah Palin had no bearing on whether or not McCain would be a good president, or sufficiently better than Obama to justify conservatives going out to the polls for him despite their misgivings and the signal it sent about the future -- that the base is always going to rally around the Republican in the end.
But it always happens.
This year, after savaging Mitt Romney for months, some conservative Republicans are going to rally around him for reasons every bit as flimsy as a woman on CNN unfairly criticizing his wife. The GOP establishment knows it. That's why the Romney supporters among them didn't worry that by supporting the former Massachusetts governor, rather than a more conservative rival, they'd lose the base. There's always some nonsense controversy that can get the base on board. Why cater to them in candidate selection? They're often the easiest voters to rally behind the GOP.
Meanwhile, President Obama will have no problem rallying progressives, despite his atrocious record of broken promises on civil liberties and executive power, because, well, "the war on women!" Candidates hoping to win over progressives won't feel the need to keep promises on those issues in the future either. Why would they? There's always some way to remind them about their hatred of Republicans and all the very scary things that they'll do if they're given power.
It's often the case that partisans gloat when their ideological antagonists commit a gaffe on a meaningless issue. Mitt Romney says he likes firing people! Barack Obama says he'll have more flexibility after the next election! But emphasizing these tertiary gaffes is also an acknowledgement that you regard your own base as irrational enough that their vote or political donations are affected by issues of relatively miniscule importance. And that's basically true! It's no wonder that ideologues on the left and right are so routinely betrayed in the end. They're easily distracted from core issues, deeply invested in symbolic fights, and always fall in line.
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Just In | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '48', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9608368277549744}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '154130', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:IYZOETUI26MN3XJJORJMI6H7TDX5JRPD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c5fcd111-958e-4fc9-a96f-98908e622b57>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 15, 40, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '38.118.71.170', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RSKWE4L63GTKDCU7BYC5RNGUMX6PEECO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:dd9fdbd1-12a9-4e76-858e-62c7ab891620>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/04/ideological-voters-are-easy-to-manipulate/255829/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:06687018-e9f9-48f1-8e1d-fb02a7f5ef1d>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '607', 'url': 'http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/04/ideological-voters-are-easy-to-manipulate/255829/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.14625561237335205', 'original_id': 'c225b486fd80f5a5650c801df4daca54d0affae8417dc4b3b1d581b8ac34aec1'} |
Caterers, wedding planners and even you can call on a helpline to schedule a pick-up of the excess party food, which will be shared with the needy under an initative called ‘Roti Bank’.Around 400 dabbawalas have started the initiative ‘Roti Bank’ to prevent criminal wastage of food at social functions this festive season by picking it up from venues and delivering it to the city’s poor, quickly.The dabbawalas – members of Mumbai Jevandabbe Vahatuk Mahamandal, biggest union of the community in the city – have tied up with 30 major wedding planners and caterers who will call on two helpline numbers and schedule a ‘pick-up’.You can also dial the numbers, +919867221310 and +918652760542, if you are left with excess food after your house party. The dabbawalas nearest to the location will collect it and distribute it among pavement dwellers, slum residents and anyone living below the breadline.The deliverymen will work with the same speed and efficiency that has made them world famous.Large quantities of unconsumed food from weddings, parties and other social events in Mumbai ends up in the garbage bin. For the past few years, some activists, venues and private citizens have been trying to prevent the wastage by giving it to the poor.“Why should be the food dumped in the bin when it can be shared with those who cannot afford one proper meal a day?” said the dabbawala union’s spokesperson, Subhash Talekar. “We are known for quickly reaching a location and delivering lunch boxes. We want to use the same skills to help the poor.”The 400 dabbawalas will work beyond their shift for Roti Bank in the afternoon and in the evening. Though the initiative has been launched with focus on year-end festivities, it will continue for the coming months. “Roti Bank will work on a no-profit, no-loss model,” a dabbawala said.Shashank Kadam, who runs Ameeta Caterers in Parel, said he was glad to be a part of the initiative. “For any event, more food is prepared to ensure guests are not left waiting with empty plates. Often, there is leftover food that we want to distribute among the needy, but we cannot reach more people because of time and manpower constraints. The dabbawalas have come up with a great idea to prevent wastage because of such problems,” Kadam said.Dashrath Kedare, a lunch-box deliveryman and a member of the union, hopes more people join the effort. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '2cb5efc73fa48d8289eb364b0c7331b545530a4990c5603ef704d98389d5608d'} |
Sloe Vodka Recipe
Part of our reason for moving into our tiny new home is slowing down. Not having to work so much and rush around. Being able to enjoy every minute of our lives, our meals, our walks, our daughter growing up, each other.
The same with cooking. Sometimes you want to make a stirfry that takes five minutes, and sometimes you want to make bread that takes three days. Sometimes you want to take some rum and shake it with lime and ice, and sometimes you want to mix some vodka or gin with some tiny fruits and put them in a cupboard and forget about them for a year.
I picked a billion sloes. I have already made some sloe gin, but wanted something a little different, that lets the characters of the sloes take centre stage. If you prefer you can prick them all with a pin, but I whack them in the freezer. We are slowing down here, but we’re not made of spare time. Then, whenever you are ready, gather your things!
Here is what you need:
-1 Litre of Vodka (or gin, of course)
-600g (1lb6oz) sloes
-200g (8oz) sugar *This is a bit lower than the sugar content in a lot of recipes, but you can’t do it with much less than this or the osmosis that gets out all the sloe flavour doesn’t work.
-A good quality jar. *This is very important. If you buy the cheapest jar you can find you end up with sloe gin/vodka all over your hands which means you waste your liquor, and have sticky hands. Don’t ask me how I know.
Combine first three ingredients in last ingredient. Shake. Shake again a few minutes later and repeat until all the sugar is dissolved. Put in a cupboard. Shake every few days or whenever you come across it. Eventually stop shaking it and force yourself to forget about it. It will be beautiful and dark purple and ready in three months, but the longer you leave it the better. I am hoping we can hold off ours for a year (yeah right).
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Connecting to %s | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '6', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9260943531990052}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '60134', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:RI2EMTFBSOYKICCDPAJGZXTC6JF6MQH2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:963a63ce-f852-4eb3-ad3e-042bea4968d4>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 18, 7, 33, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.13', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2NIUDLG7VWVD2ASGHORDILOKGQF3XDUR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:76289143-3168-44a1-9686-29d1276254e0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://tinyhomemaking.wordpress.com/2014/10/16/sloe-vodka-recipe/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:59e075fc-4379-4f54-8718-564072a89c9a>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '387', 'url': 'https://tinyhomemaking.wordpress.com/2014/10/16/sloe-vodka-recipe/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-218-138-106.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04824286699295044', 'original_id': '6a45fe40dd6baee53160e80e5feaaf52ac133546512b56581387df9f2e13481e'} |
Do polyamines regulate the NMDA inhibition of muscarinic receptor-induced phosphoinositide turnover in guinea pig brain?
The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-induced inhibition of muscarinic receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover in guinea pig cerebral cortical slices was investigated to determine whether polyamines regulate the function of NMDA in this system. None of the polyamines tested produced significant stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover. Neither spermine nor the substituted polyamine philanthotoxin-343 altered the inhibitory effect of NMDA. The simpler substituted polyamines N-(4-hydroxyphenylpropanoyl)-spermine and N-(4-hydroxyphenylacetyl)-spermine, however, antaganised the NMDA receptor inhibition of the muscarinic response with low affinity (Ki greater than or equal to 100 microM). Diethylenetriamine, a purported polyamine antagonist of the NMDA receptor, was without effect on the NMDA inhibitory response, as was ifenprodil, a structurally unrelated compound with reported antagonist capacity. In summary, therefore, we fail to observe polyamine regulation of the NMDA receptor mediating an inhibition of the muscarinic phosphoinositide turnover response in guinea pig cerebral cortical slices. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '9f601423f33eb5b369acf437c0e83b53be9dbcd5c983e51f0ea4291122b261e2'} |
• observation sketches - 66 5th Ave "bird's eyes overview"
Communication, Environmental Design
This observation is based on the linked videos in my previous observation posts.
I've noticed that the students daily routine of occupying the outer space of the school, and the infrastructure of the street in front of the 66 5th Ave entrance, are a "deadly" combination for pedestrians walking on the sidewalk.
First, students who sit on the low window frames block the way on the sidewalk, forcing pedestrians to go around the group that sits next to each window frame.(very problematic and surprising to people who come from the direction of 2W 13th street building turning south bound to the 66 5th ave. entrance)
Second, many students use their mobile phones and cameras (like me...) and while doing that hey sand still - in the middle of the sidewalk...another obstacle for the rushing pedestrians. (whoever use their mobile phones go to the middle of the sidewalk to avoid all the noise created by the students on the window frames and entrance steps)
Third, the bicycle parking is located in front of the 66 5th ave. entrance and by that narrowing, even more,the distance between the groups sitting on the entrance steps and the bicycles parked in the designated parking place.
Fourth, the sidewalk path to the zebra crossing on the south-west corner of the junction is blocked by a garbage bin, a light post and a post office box. The road's sewage drain is also located exactly on the zebra crossing path. All of the above prevent from pedestrian and especially disabled people to approach and cross the road safely.
The image attached tells the story of 3 different persons, with 3 different routes and how they manage their ways through the given space, which changes depending on the hour and the school's activity.
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Nick Fear
Nick Fear
Senior Associate: Private Practice
Articles From the Team
So you have hired somebody new – what do you do now?
You have been through the recruitment process, interviewed candidates, checked their technical competency and made sure they have the personal characteristic that will fit in well with your team. Surely the hard part is finished; they will join and be massively successful.
The team at BCL Legal in Birmingham has grown by 3 fold over the last 12 months to a point where we have 10 consultants covering permanent vacancies in private practice law firms across the East, West and South Midlands. This is in addition to 3 further consultants covering in-house positions across the same geography. As a manager in the private practice team I therefore speak from some experience when I say that the hard part does not necessarily finish with the end of the recruitment process.
So how have we gone about integrating people into the Midlands largest and most successful legal recruitment team? More consultants means that each is more specialist and more expert in their activity ensuring the best quality service to both clients and candidates. How do we ensure that this is not compromised? Are there lessons that we can share with our clients?
Just as personality fit and attitude are undoubtedly the most important characteristics to focus on when recruiting; ensuring that new recruits quickly understand the working ethos, culture and non-negotiable elements of the team they have joined is massively important. Many people come into new roles with expectations based on their previous experiences, it is human nature. Many are naturally distrustful of some of the things they are told at interview; they have heard it all before. Sitting down right at the start and repeating key messages, further enforcing them over the following few days and highlighting where they can be demonstrated in other people’s activity really helps to avoid confusion.
Technically speaking it is essential to work closely with new recruits over the initial stages of their employment. This helps to ensure that IT systems are being used correctly but also gives a good indication of what technical knowledge people really have and where further training will be required. More experienced people can often feel defensive about having their work checked and critiqued. This is where communication is essential. A few minutes to explain why things are happening can often help to alleviate this.
It is also important to remember that new starters often go through a cycle with new jobs. The initial period when they are being trained and getting used to the new environment often seems fantastic. Everything is new, they are often getting the majority of their managers’ attention and all their new team members are being very pleasant. As time goes on it is natural that they will come under more pressure, receive less attention from the manager and start to form more realistic relationships with their colleagues. This can often cause a slight down turn in moral as the person adjusts. Of course most people push through this and go on to be very happy in their new role. Being aware of what is happening is important for managers so they can support properly.
All employees are different! Perhaps an obvious statement but this needs to be reflected in the way that people are managed. Everyone is coming to work for differing reasons, has differing motivations and is seeking to achieve different things. You often only really get a full understanding of someone’s motivations once they become comfortable in their new position. It takes a level of trust for someone to talk about their motivators. Recognising individual motivators helps to ensure that you manage individuals in the right way and create a win/ win scenario.
So far the process of building our team at BCL Legal has been an overwhelmingly positive one. We have had the occasional bump in the road as we have learned the lessons above but we now have a motivated and hard working team who are massively outperforming the other legal recruiters in Birmingham.
The process certainly doesn’t stop with the end of recruitment process – which is why the recruitment process is so vital.
For more information please contact Nick Fear or visit our website BCL Legal.
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-disciplinary access and mination of scientific research documents, hether or not. The documents may come from and abroad L’archive ouverte disciplinaire HAL destin au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques niveau Invariant Generation as Semantic Unification: A New Perspective
Deepak Kapur Department of Computer Science The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA —dedicated to my high school friend Pali— Abstract
Unification is the problem of finding instantiations of variables in a finite set of pairs of terms constructed using function symbols, such that the instantiated terms in each pair become equal. In semantic unification, also called E-unification, function symbols can have properties specified typically by an equational theory; a unifier then makes the instantiated pairs of terms equivalent modulo the equation theory. By generalizing the unification problem further, in which the pairs of formulas have variables ranging over formulas in a first-order theory, the invariant generation problem in software, hardware, and cyber-physical systems can be formulated as a unification problem. Finding a nontrivial unifier then amounts to finding an invariant. Similarly, finding a most general unifier, if unique, amounts to finding the strongest invariant. Instantiation of variables can be further restricted to formulas with certain shapes/properties. This new perspective is illustrated using a number of examples from the literature of the automatic generation of loop invariants in software. 1 Invariant Finding as Unification
The problem of unification in automated reasoning, logic programming, and Artificial Intelligence can be stated as follows: Let S be a finite set of pairs {⟨si, ti ⟩ | 1 ≤ i ≤ k} of terms si, ti built from a finite set X of variables and a finite set F of constants and function symbols. Check whether there exists a substitution/instantiation σ of variables in si, ti ’s such that σ(si ) and σ(ti ) are identical for every i (referred to as the unifiability check), where σ(si ), σ(ti ) are the results of applying the instantiation σ on variables in si, ti. If S is unifiable, find a most general unifier (mgu) from which all unifiers can be generated. The problem can be further generalized to semantic or E-unification where the semantics of function symbols in F are specified as properties, typically as an equational theory E; in this case, a unifier σ should make σ(si ) =E σ(ti ), where 1 =E stands for equivalence modulo E. Higher-order unification extends this problem further to allow function and relation variables to occur in terms that can be appropriately instantiated. At the University of New Mexico, I have been teaching in my course Semantics of Programming Languages for several years that the program invariant generation problem can be viewed as a unification problem. In this context, terms si ’s are formulas from a given theory that include formula variables standing for invariants/properties of programs; these formula, variables can be instantiated as formulas. As illustrated below, a finite set of verification conditions are generated that are expressed using such formula variables, leading to a unification problem.1 Invariant generation is then to find substitutions for formula variables that make the instantiated verification conditions valid. A more detailed version of this extended abstract/summary is currently being prepared. Consider a loop SL in a computation specified by a program, a hardware or cyber-physical system description, such as: SL: while b do S end A Hoare triple for the above loop is of the form: {P } SL {Q}. Formulas P and Q are properties of interest for the loop. A Hoare triple specifies that if the program SL starts execution in a state satisfying a precondition P, and assuming SL halts, the program ends in a state satisfying a postcondition Q. How does one determine (prove) the validity of the above Hoare triple? An intermediate formula called a loop invariant, denoted by I, capturing the partial semantics of the loop body S becomes essential. Using axiomatic semantics, the validity of the above Hoare triple can be decomposed into the following three conditions: 1. P ⇒ I, 2. {(I ∧ b)} S {I}, 3. (I ∧ ¬b) ⇒ Q. Conditions 1 and 3 are formulas, called verification conditions, while the second condition is still a Hoare triple. The process of associating variables standing for invariants is recursively applied on the loop body S, depending upon its structure, especially when S includes loops. For loop bodies that are sequences of assignment statements, condition 2 can be transformed into a verification condition. Assuming condition 2 also transforms to one or more verification conditions which are formulas with I (and possibly other formula variables standing for other loop invariants), the above problem is a unification problem. The semantic properties of all symbols other than I and other formula variables, if any, are known. The goal is to find substitutions of I and other formula variables, if any, such that the resulting instantiation of each verification condition is valid. This 1 Since the second component of pairs in this problem is always true, it is omitted. 2 is analogous to pairs of terms becoming equivalent after instantiation using a unifier. It should be noted that the above formulation only allows for instantiations of I that are inductive invariants of the loop [FK15]; other loop invariants that are not necessarily inductive, can be found by strengthening as discussed in [FK15].
1.1 An Illustrative Example
Consider an example from [Kap06] for computing the floor of the square root of a natural number. {P
}
⟨
a
,
s
,
t
⟩:=⟨
0
, 1,
1
⟩; while
s ≤ N
do
⟨
a
,
s
,
t
⟩
:
=
⟨a + 1, s + t + 2, t + 2⟩; end while {Q} The axiomatic semantics of a simultaneous multiple assignments statement as a Hoare triple is a generalization of a simple (single) assignment statement. {P } ⟨x1
,
...
,
xl
⟩
:
=
⟨
e1,...
,
el
⟩
{Q
}
⟨e
,...,
e
⟩
if and only if (P ⇒ Q|⟨x11,...,xll ⟩ ). ⟨e,...,e ⟩ Here, Q|⟨x11,...,xll ⟩ stands for the formula obtained from Q by simultaneously replacing all free occurrences of x1,..., xl by e1,..., el, respectively. The variables xi ’s are assumed to be distinct.2 The three conditions discussed above in this case are: 1. {P } ⟨a, s, t⟩:=⟨0, 1, 1⟩ {I}, ⟨0,1,1⟩ which leads to the verification condition: 1′. P ⇒ I|⟨a,s,t⟩. 2. {I ∧ s ≤ N } ⟨a, s, t⟩ :=⟨a + 1, s + t + 2, t + 2⟩ {I} from which the verification condition generated using backward semantics is: ⟨a+1,s+t+2,t+2⟩ 2′. (I ∧ s ≤ N ) ⇒ I|⟨a,s,t⟩. ⟨a+1,s+t+2,t+2⟩ As in the case of an expression above, I|⟨a,s,t⟩ is the formula obtained from I after simultaneously replacing a, s, t by a + 1, s + t + 2, t + 2, respectively. The third condition is simply 3 : (I ∧ ¬(s ≤ N )) ⇒ Q. If Q is known, then it is that specific formula; otherwise, Q is a formula variable. Similarly, if a precondition P is not known, then it is also a formula variable. In the above example, a goal for the partial correctness of the above program is to find an instantiation α(a, s, t, N ) of the loop invariant variable I, a formula 2 If Q is not quantifier-free, substitutions should be performed carefully to avoid the free variables appearing in ei ’s being captured by the scope of quantifiers in Q; to avoid that, quant ified variables may need to be renamed. For simplicity, Q is assumed to be quantifierfree. 3 in input parameters (if any), output parameters (if any), and program variables, as well as for P and Q if they are not known/given, such that these instantiations make the first two verification conditions valid. The instantiation for the postcondition Q can be taken to be any formula implied by α(a, s, t, N ) ∧ ¬(s < N ), particularly the formula α(a, s, t, N ) ∧ ¬(s < N ) itself. It is easy to see that I being true satisfies the above conditions. However, this trivial invariant does not provide any useful information about the program’s behavior. Trying to find nontrivial substitutions for I, it can be proved that I being t = 2a + 1 and/or s = −a2 + at − a + t and/or 4s = t2 − 2a + 3t satisfy the above three conditions. From the conjunction of these substitutions, the equation s = (a + 1)2 is implied. It is not a solution to the above unification problem, but its strengthening s = (a + 1)2 ∧ t = 2a + 1 is a solution. Using this substitution, one gets the postcondition s = (a + 1)2 ∧ t = 2a + 1 ∧ s > N, which specifies an approximation to the behavior of the above program. Observe that a nontrivial solution to the unification problem as formulated above not only gives a loop invariant but also a partial specification of the program. Similarly, a precondition under which a program satisfies its postcondition can be derived from an invariant generated as a unifier. In the presence of a specific postcondition, the third condition (I ∧ ¬b) ⇒ Q constrains possible unifiers. For the above example, a possible postcondition can be s = (a + 1)2 ∧ (a + 1)2 > N ≥ a2, in which case many of the unifiers for the case where Q is formula variable, are no more any unifiers as they are unable to satisfy the third condition. Notably, true, t = 2a + 1, or s = (a + 1)2 are no longer unifiers. Any unifier must imply the inequality N ≥ a2. Since a precondition and a postcondition can be arbitrary first-order formulas, the validity problem of first-order logic can be reduced to the above unification problem, showing that the problem is in general undecidable.
2 Constraining Unifiers over a Theory
Let T be a first-order theory associated with a language L consisting of a finite set of predicate and function symbols. Formulas are constructed in the usual way using a finite set X of variables ranging over the domain(s) of the discourse of T. Let F T stand for the formulas in L. To distinguish from the variables in X, include a finite set of new variables ranging over formulas in T. The new variables are called formula variables and can be used in the same way as formulas to construct extended formulas which include occurrences of formula variables; extended formulas without formula variables are regular formulas. We will abuse the terminology and unless needed, will not make any distinction between extended formulas and formulas. Given a finite set S of extended formulas {αi |1 ≤ i ≤ m} involving formula variables Ij, the unifiability problem is to decide whether there exists a substitution σ for formula variables so that each instantiated formula σ(αi ) is valid 4 in T.3 For the above example, formula variables range over the first-order number theory (Peano Arithmetic), which defines the semantics of other symbols such as 0, s, +, ∗, ≥. Typically T is desirable to be a decidable theory. If the postcondition in the example is weakened to include only symbols from Presburger arithmetic, then the above unification problem can be solved over that theory. It is also possible to consider an even weaker theory, such as the theory of conjunctions of linear equations over integers. In many such cases when unifiers are restricted to be in a subtheory, the unification problem can be shown to be decidable. This perspective relates to the abstract interpretation framework for generating invariants as discussed in the next subsection; see also section 6.
2.1 Approximation/Abstraction of Verification Conditions
When substitutions for formula variables are restricted to be in a subset of F T, in other words, unifiers are restricted, the verification conditions in S must be approximated to a new problem S ′ that soundly approximates S in the sense that any solution σ of S ′ is also a solution of S with the extra symbols not in S ′ being viewed as uninterpreted. The above example also illustrates the perspective of approximating formulas in S that include occurrences of <, ≥,, etc. If the postcondition Q for the above example is a particular formula s = (a + 1)2, one can restrict the unification problem in which the formula variables are restricted to be a conjunction of polynomial equalities. The first condition which includes ≥, can be soundly approximated as: ⟨0,1,1⟩ 1′ true ⇒ I|⟨a,s,t⟩. The second condition soundly approximates to: 2′. ⟨a+1,s+t+2,t+2⟩ I ⇒ I|⟨a,s,t⟩. And the third condition is: 3′ : I ⇒ s = (a + 1)2. It can be shown that I can be instantiated as t = 2a + 1 ∧ s = (a + 1)2, which is thus a unifier.4 This substitution is also a unifier for the original problem in which the verification conditions are expressed using <, ≥,, etc. Another way to approximate invariant generation as a unification problem is illustrated using an example from a classical paper by Cousot and Halbwachs [CH78] on the polyhedral abstract domain. Conditions/Boolean tests not included in a theory are replaced by formula variables whose substitutions can be restricted to be true. The negations of P1 and P2 for the loop exit condition and the if... then... else statement, respectively, are also restricted to be true to ensure all paths are considered. 3 In this formulation of the unifiability problem, the second component in the pair of formulas is always assumed to be true and is thus omitted. 4 It is easy to see that s = (a + 1)2 alone is not a unifier since it is not an inductive invariant of the loop; see [FK15]. 5 ⟨i, j⟩:=⟨2, 0⟩; while P1 do if P2 then ⟨i, j⟩:=⟨i + 4, j⟩; else ⟨i, j⟩:=⟨i + 2, j + 1⟩; end if end while From various program paths, the verification conditions generated leading to a unification problem are as follows: 1. (i = 2 ∧ j = 0) ⇒ I, ⟨i+4,j⟩ ⟨i+2,j+1⟩ 2. (I ∧ P1 ∧ P2 ) ⇒ I|⟨i,j⟩ 3. (I ∧ P1 ∧ ¬P2 ) ⇒ I|⟨i,j⟩. The postcondition is expressed as a formula variable Q: 4. (I ∧ ¬P1 ) ⇒ Q. The above unification problem has nontrivial invariants,
including j ≥ 0 as well as i ≥ 2j + 2.
As stated earlier, all unspecified symbols including P1, P2, ¬P1, ¬P2 are assumed to be true, representing their weakest possible semantics. It is also possible to restrict considering substitutions expressed only in certain variables. Such restrictions can be helpful in simplifying unification algorithms.
3 Unification Problems arising from Multiple Loops
As is well-known, for a simple programming language with loops, assignments, conditional statements, and sequencing of statements, it suffices to associate a loop invariant with each loop. Besides formula variables for a precondition and a postcondition, if not specified, the resulting unification problem can have multiple formula variables for each loop. Consider another related example from [Kap06]: {P } ⟨m, n, s, x⟩:=⟨0, 0, 0, N ⟩;
while x ̸= 0 do ⟨x, n, m⟩:=⟨x − 1, m + 2, m + 1⟩; while m ̸= 0 do ⟨s, m⟩:=⟨s + 1, m − 1⟩; end while
m:=n; end while {Q} Let I and J, respectively, stand for formula variables associated with the outer loop and inner loop. Corresponding to various paths in the program, the following verification conditions are generated: ⟨0,0,0,N ⟩ P ⇒ I|⟨m,n,s,x
⟩
. 6 ⟨x−1,m+2,m+1⟩ (I ∧ x ̸= 0) ⇒ J|⟨x,n,m⟩ for the path from the outer loop entry to the inner loop entry. The path cor⟨s+1,m−1⟩ responding to the body of the inner loop gives: (J ∧ m ̸= 0) ⇒ J|⟨s,m⟩. n And, (J ∧ m = 0) ⇒ I|m is the verification condition corresponding to the path from the exiting of the inner loop to the end of the outer loop body. Finally, upon exiting the outer loop, the verification condition is (I ∧ x = 0) ⇒ Q. If I and J are constrained to be conjunctions of linear equalities, then it can be shown that I : m = 2N − 2x ∧ m = n and J : n = 2N − 2x are unifiers. These are indeed invariants of the respective loops under the assumption that P is instantiated to be true and Q is I itself. In Presburger arithmetic, more general unifiers including m ≥ 0, n ≥ 0, s ≥ 0, x ≥ 0, can also be derived. If I and J are conjunctions of polynomial equalities and atomic formulas expressing simple inequalities such as m ≥ 0, n ≥ 0, then the above unifiers can be made even more general to include conjunctions of the set of formulas: {m ≥ 0, n ≥ 0, s ≥ 0, x ≥ 0, m = 2N − 2x, m = n, N 2 − x2 = s + mx} in I under the assumption that P is instantiated to be N ≥ 0. Similarly, J is the conjunction of the set of formulas: { m ≥ 0, n ≥ 0, s ≥ 0, x ≥ 0, n = 2N − 2x, N 2 − x2 = m + s + n x}.5
4 Invariants/Unifiers form a Lattice with Implication as Ordering
It is easy to prove that if α1 and α2 are two unifiers of the verification conditions with formula variables, then α1 ∧ α2 as and α1 ∨ α2 are also unifiers. Furthermore, if α is a unifier, then so is any formula β such that α ⇒ β. In short, the unifiers of the above problem form a lattice using implication as the ordering. In case a precondition and a postcondition are not specified, i.e., they are also formula variables, then true is typically the least element of the lattice, and the strongest unifier corresponding to the strongest invariant is its greatest element. In the presence of a postcondition, the lattice of unifiers/invariants is constrained by the postcondition; as was illustrated by examples above, some of the formulas that are unifiers/invariants in the absence of a postcondition are not invariants. The lattice of unifiers then has as its least element being the weakest unifier corresponding to the weakest invariant in implication ordering as constrained by the precondition and postcondition. The greatest element still represents the strongest unifier corresponding to the strongest invariant, and need not be constrained by the postcondition. If unifiers are restricted to be from a subclass of formulas, the lattice of unifiers is the formulas from the subclass with implication relation among them. 5 Invariants reported of a related program in [Kap06] have quite a few typos, for which I apologize. Unification Algorithms
How does
one
solve
such
unification problems? In [Kap06], the quantifier elimination-based approach is discussed in depth for solving some of the above unification problems. If verification conditions are abstracted to be a conjunction of polynomial equalities and disequalities, implying a conjunction of polynomial equalities, then the unification problem can be transformed into a problem on ideals and their associated varieties. Gröbner basis algorithms can be useful for developing unification algorithms for such cases; see [RC06, RCK04]. If unifiers are restricted to be of a certain shape or have some properties, then a template-based approach presented in [Kap06] can be used for solving the unification problems. This involves hypothesizing a unifier as a template with parameters; from verification conditions to be valid, constraints on parameters are generated. A solution to the parametric constraints after substituting in the template solves the unification problem. Such solutions can be automatically generated using SMT solvers, particularly those solvers which have extensions for synthesizing programs. In [FK15], an iterative/fixed-point algorithm is given for solving the above problem under the assumption that an approximate unifier is already known. A unifier σ is called approximate if it does not solve the unification problem but there exists a strengthening δ of σ such that δ ⇒ σ and δ is a unifier. Typically, δ is obtained by a conjunction of σ with additional atomic formulas generated by the iterative algorithm in its attempt to compute strengthening leading to a unifier. There are thus many opportunities for developing new unification algorithms when theories are restricted and/or formulas to serve as instantiations for formula variables can only be expressed using certain program variables and/or have a certain shape. 6 Relation to Abstract Interpretation
We conjecture that the above framework encompasses abstract interpretation frameworks, where unifiers/formulas are from an abstract domain such as: • An interval domain in which formula variables are instantiated to be conjunctions of atomic formulas of the forms x ≤ h and l ≤ x, where x is a program variable and l, h are integers or ±∞, or • an octagonal domain, in which formula variables are instantiated to be conjunctions, including the constraints of the maximum and minimum values on each program variable as well as maximum and minimum values of x + y, x − y for every pair of distinct program variables x, y, or • a polyhedral domain in which formula variables range over a conjunction of linear inequalities. 8 To solve the verification conditions generated from the semantics of programs, sound approximations may be necessary to get a unifier in the specified domain. Defining an abstraction function and transfer functions on abstract values implementing the operations used in a program is a systematic way to formulate sound approximations to a unification problem such that a solution to the approximate problem is also a solution to the original problem. In [KZH+ 13], an approach is discussed on how verification conditions can be approximated when invariants are expressed as conjunctions of octagonal constraints. More work is needed to study the relationship between the Abstract Interpretation framework and the proposed formulation of automatic invariant generation. 7 Challenges
There are numerous challenges in viewing an invariant generation problem as a unification problem in theories. Some of these include: • Developing support for richer data structures such as arrays, pointers, lists, and other containers, as well as other control structures, as long as their axiomatic semantics can be given, leading to the generation of their verification conditions possibly using formula variables. • Expanding the family of theories on which unification problems formulated for invariant generation can be solved. • Exploring approximate sound unification problems that lead to generating a unifier for the original problem but are restricted to a formula in a subtheory and/or of a certain shape. Acknowledg
ment
: Thanks to
Jose Abel Castellan
-
Joo
for his comments while proofreading this extended .
References [CH78] P. Cousot and N. Halbwachs. Automatic Discovery of Linear Restraints among Variables of a Program. In Conference Record of the Fifth Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, pages 84–97, Tucson, Arizona, 1978. ACM Press, New York, NY. [FK15] S. Falke and D. Kapur. When is a formula a loop invariant? In Logic, Rewriting and Concurrency: Essays dedicated to Jose Meseguer on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday, LNCS 9200, pages 264–286. Springer-Verlag, 2015. [Kap06] Deepak Kapur. A quantifier elimination based heuristic for automatically generating inductive assertions for programs. J. of Systems Sciences and Complexity, 19(3):307–330, 2006. 9 [KZH+ 13] Deepak Kapur, Zhihai Zhang, Matthias Horbach, Hengjun Zhao, Qi Lu, and ThanhVu Nguyen. Geometric quantifier elimination heuristics for automatically generating octagonal and max-plus invariants. In Maria Paola Bonacina and Mark E. Stickel, editors, Automated Reasoning and Mathematics - Essays in Memory of William W. McCune, volume 7788 of [RC06] E. Rodrı́guez-Carbonell. Automatic Generation of Polynomial Invariants for System Verification. PhD thesis, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, 2006. [RCK04] E. Rodrı́guez-Carbonell and D. Kapur. Automatic Generation of Polynomial Loop Invariants: Algebraic Foundations. Intl. Symp. on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC), pages 266–273, July 2004. 10. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'hal-04143456-UNIF_2023_Kapur_v2.txt_1', 'collection': 'French-Science-Pile', 'open_type': 'Open Science', 'license': 'Various open science', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': 'Invariant Generation as Semantic Unification: A New Perspective. UNIF 2023 - 37th International Workshop on Unification, Veena Ravishankar; Christophe Ringeissen, Jul 2023, Rome, Italy. ⟨hal-04143456v2⟩', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '4001', 'token_count': '5980', '__index_level_0__': '33722', 'original_id': '9195c5aa54054d4b2a2b34cab9191b2433f8e7819c497177a0bf77d2ff655f57'} |
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<span class="cline-any cline-neutral"> </span></td><td class="text"><pre class="prettyprint lang-js"><template>
<div
class="dx-form-item"
:style="{ width: width + 'px'}"
>
<slot></slot>
<ul v-if="showPwdLevel" class="dx-form-item__password-level-wrap">
<li
v-for="(level, index) of pwdLevels"
:key="level"
:class="[inputPwdLevel > index ? 'dx-form-item__password-level--number-' + index : '']"
class="dx-form-item__password-level"
>
{{ level }}
</li>
</ul>
<div
v-if="showMsg && text"
:class="[textClasses, {'is-bottom': bottom}]"
>
{{ text }}
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Validate from '@/utils/stragetegies.js'
// 用于与组件dx-form-item通信
import Bus from '@/utils/bus.js'
const noop = () => <span class="fstat-no" title="function not covered" >{}</span>
export default{
componentName: 'DxFormItem',
name: 'DxFormItem',
props: {
// 是否启用输入框blur/onfoucs事件时触发验证
isValidate: {
type: Boolean,
default: false
},
prop: String,
samePorp: String,
showMsg: Boolean,
showPwdLevel: Boolean,
rules: Array,
instruction: String,
width: String,
isEffect: { // 是否应用开启验证，默认是开启，应用于根据条件是否开启验证
type: Boolean,
default: true
},
bottom: Boolean // 设置验证错误是信息在输入框下方显示
},
data() {
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > return {</span>
text: '',
textClass: '',
pwdLevels: ['弱', '中', '强'],
inputPwdLevel: 0
}
},
computed: {
textClasses() {
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > return `dx-form-item--text ${this.textClass} ${this.msgTextClass}`</span>
},
// 找到父元素dx-form组件
form() {
let parent = <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >this.$parent</span>
let parentName = <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >parent.$options.componentName</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > while (parentName !== 'DxForm') {</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > parent = parent.$parent</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > parentName = parent.$option.componentName</span>
}
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > return parent</span>
},
msgTextClass() {
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > return this.form.msgTextClass</span>
},
// 得到该该表单元素的输入值
fieldValue: {
cache: false,
get() {
let model = <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >this.form.model</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > if (!model || !this.prop) { <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >return </span>}</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > return model[this.prop]</span>
}
},
sameFieldValue: {
cache: false,
get() {
let model = <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >this.form.model</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > if (!model || !this.samePorp) { <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >return </span>}</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > return model[this.samePorp]</span>
}
}
},
mounted() {
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > if (this.prop) {</span>
/*
$on.$emit父子间通信，父组件只能通过绑定到模板中才可以即v-on:xxxx=""。
总之on和emit的事件必须是在一个公共的实例上，才能触发。
这里为了通信，采用新建一个vue实例通信。
*/
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > Bus.$emit('dx-form-addField', this)</span>
}
let rules = <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >this.getRules()</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > if (rules.length > 0) {</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > this.$on('dx-form-blur', this.onFieldBlur)</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > this.$on('dx-form-focus', this.onFieldFocus)</span>
}
},
methods: {
// 验证规则
validate(trigger = '', callback = noop) {
// 判断是否开启验证
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > if (!this.isEffect) {</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > return true</span>
}
let rules = <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >this.getFilterRules(trigger)</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > if (!rules || rules.length === 0) {</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > callback()</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > return true</span>
}
let errorMsg = <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >false</span>
let rule = <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >null</span>
// required优先级最高
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > for (let i = 0, len = rules.length; i < len; i++) {</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > rule = rules[i]</span>
// rule.value = this.fieldValue;
// 如果是和其他输入域输入要一致
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > if (rule.name === 'confirmSame') {</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > rule.sameFieldValue = this.sameFieldValue</span>
}
let rst = <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >Validate[rule.name](rule, this.fieldValue)</span>
// 处理密码强度验证逻辑
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > if (rule.name === 'pwdLevelVerification') {</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > this.inputPwdLevel = rst</span>
}
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > if (!rst) {</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > this.text = rule.message || ''</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > this.textClass = 'is-error'</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > errorMsg = true</span>
/* 当确定输入为空的时候，立即返回 */
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > if (rule.name === 'required') {</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > break</span>
}
}
}
// 如果验证正确，清除错误信息
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > if (!errorMsg) {</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > this.text = ''</span>
}
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > callback(errorMsg)</span>
},
// 得到该field的所有验证要求---后续优化，需要写一个合并函数，合并对象相同属性的值
getRules() {
let formRules = <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >this.form.rules</span>
let selfRules = <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >this.rules</span>
let baseRules = <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >formRules && formRules.baseRule ? formRules.baseRule : []</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > formRules = formRules && formRules[this.prop] ? formRules[this.prop].concat(baseRules) : baseRules</span>
// 可以在form表单上设置了公共校验规则
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > return [].concat(selfRules || formRules || [])</span>
},
// 根据触发添加得到验证规则
getFilterRules(trigger) {
let allRules = <span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" >this.getRules()</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > return allRules.filter((rule) => <span class="fstat-no" title="function not covered" >{</span></span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > return !rule.trigger || rule.trigger.indexOf(trigger) !== -1</span>
})
},
// 注销组件的时候，自动移除组件函数
beforeDestory() {
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > Bus.$emit('dx.form.removeField', this)</span>
},
onFieldBlur() {
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > this.isValidate && this.validate('blur')</span>
},
onFieldFocus() {
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > if (this.isValidate) {</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > this.text = this.instruction || ''</span>
<span class="cstat-no" title="statement not covered" > this.textClass = 'dx-form-item--instruction'</span>
}
}
}
}
</script>
<style lang="scss">
@include B(form-item) {
position: relative;
// 密码等级
@include E(password-level-wrap) {
display: flex;
width: 80%;
}
// 密码等级
@include E(password-level) {
flex-grow: 1;
line-height: 3rem;
font-size: 1.4rem;
margin-top: 1rem;
border: 1px solid #555;
border-left: none;
text-align: center;
background-color: #ddd;
opacity: 0.8;
&:first-child {
border-left: 1px solid #555;
border-radius: 1.5rem 0 0 1.5rem;
}
&:last-child {
border-radius: 0 1.5rem 1.5rem 0;
}
@include M(number-0) {
background-color: red;
}
@include M(number-1) {
background-color: yellow;
}
@include M(number-2) {
background-color: green;
}
}
@include M(text) {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
top: 0;
word-wrap: normal;
left: 82%;
height: $--dx-form-item-text-height;
line-height: $--dx-form-item-text-line-height;
@include when(bottom) {
position: static;
}
@include when(error) {
color: $--dx-form-item-text-color-error;
}
}
@include M(instruction) {
color: $--dx-form-item-instruction-color;
}
}
</style></pre></td></tr>
</table></pre>
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| the_stack | {'hexsha': 'c7a5fb43a2a3fb648a799ffb7c7eafb6f33a2546', 'size': '24872', 'ext': 'html', 'lang': 'HTML', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'test/unit/coverage/lcov-report/components/form-item/dx-form-item.vue.html', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'zyyrabbit/vue', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': 'dcf3b7f2a671a63e45bad85b3228adcf146be3b5', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_stars_count': '14', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '2018-09-18T08:52:18.000Z', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '2018-12-15T01:41:13.000Z', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'test/unit/coverage/lcov-report/components/form-item/dx-form-item.vue.html', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'zyyrabbit/vue', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': 'dcf3b7f2a671a63e45bad85b3228adcf146be3b5', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_issues_count': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'test/unit/coverage/lcov-report/components/form-item/dx-form-item.vue.html', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'zyyrabbit/vue', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': 'dcf3b7f2a671a63e45bad85b3228adcf146be3b5', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_forks_count': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '', 'avg_line_length': '31.404040404', 'max_line_length': '171', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.6702315857', 'original_id': 'db48076563963b076d392602b8fa06c45dda98c4140a552c2184c8bc96f16d02'} |
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IoT spending to touch $772 bn in 2018 led by manufacturing and China
Internet of Things (IoT) spending is expected to grow at 14.6 percent to $772.5 billion in 2018 from $674 billion in 2017 – led by manufacturing sector and China, according to IDC. IDC predicts India IoT market to reach $34 billion by 2021, according to …(read original – story…) | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b741b2f278b6a45b4b85eb1f3ebffcd7adeb5bd4e51c0009de6b4acbbef2b5a1'} |
Q:
Limiting the amount of elements on JQuery Autocomplete Tags
I have the following code:
http://jsfiddle.net/kheAn/
In JQuery Autocomplete, you can use slice to limit, but I am not sure how to do it with this plugin.
I want to limit the amount of elements that are shown in the autocomplete drop down.
Right now, all elements are being shown. I want to show just the top 10 that are closest to what the user typed.
How can I limit the elements shown?
Also, is there any better solution for this than the code I currently have? I have heard that I should be using Node.js and/or bootstrap.
A:
About NodeJS, it is a JavaScript server-side language, who is pretty and quite easy to get started with, but I don't think there is a special interest for an autocomplete feature ?!
I don't exactly know how tagit works, but if you want to use bootstrap to manage it, you can easily use the "typeahead" plugin and set the items option to the max number of items you wants.
http://twitter.github.io/bootstrap/javascript.html#typeahead
$('#demo2').typeahead({
source: availableTags,
items: 10
});
EDIT: according to the tagit.js documentation, and the jQuery autocomplete one.
https://github.com/aehlke/tag-it#autocomplete-object
Allows overriding the source and select options that are set by
default, as well as adding any other options you want to pass to the
jQuery UI Autocomplete widget, such as minLength or delay.
The autocomplete.source should be overridden if you want to use custom
autocompletion sources, like an Ajax / XHR response.
http://api.jqueryui.com/autocomplete/
You cannot easily add an option to limit the max number of items displayed, however you could overwrite the source with a function where you can limit the response items inside !
I keep thinking that bootstrap is more adapted to your needs, and it doesn't require jQuery-UI.
EDIT:
After discussion, this plugin should probably be the one you are looking for !
http://welldonethings.com/tags/manager
$('#demo2').tagsManager({
typeahead: true,
typeaheadSource: availableTags
});
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '0a974bcc803f40190073d6bcde93fc9d1d75b0b7afb5cd96388ad2c7943b91ed'} |
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Overview chart of firearm deaths
Some years ago, a 10-year-old boy finished a hunter education class in western Washington. He was one of the best students in his class, and he did very well on the test. One week after class had ended, this young boy was dead. He was shot and killed while playing at a friend's house. The friend found a loaded rifle, pointed it at the boy, and pulled the trigger. He died instantly… all because of carelessness and ignorance.
You already know hunting is a very safe activity. Most people only hunt 5-7 days per year. The rest of the year—more than 350 days!—guns are stored at home.
Look at the chart on the right. You can see that 60% of all accidental firearm deaths happen in or near home. What does this mean to you? Simply this: You must follow safety rules at all times, not only while you are hunting.
The safest way to store firearms and ammunition is under lock and key. Keep firearms unloaded, and store ammunition away from firearms until ready for use.
Store firearms with a locking device if stored in an accessible area such as a closet
There are several products available to help prevent accidents at home. You can now buy trigger locks and other devices to help keep careless fingers away from firearms.
Invite all family members to attend a hunter education class. If there is a firearm in your home, everybody should be trained in firearm safety. Safety applies to everybody, including parents, brothers, and sisters.
Firearm safety also applies to your friends. Never handle firearms at home unless your parents give you permission and supervise you. Also, never handle firearms at a friend's house unless parents are present to supervise you. Tell a responsible adult if you do find a firearm at home or at a friend's house. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '24', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9677252173423768}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '11454', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:3OA2FL7YEZCYIUYR5JDIGNYZUHGMBMS3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:568bbd39-601f-4317-8eb5-84a7685886e1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 10, 4, 43, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.65.136.193', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LL6BBI2DAN6LC4QHQ5RYAHUT572N7MP4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:cc089ab4-ce01-4f34-b8a9-d860eb7400c6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.hunter-ed.com/washington/studyGuide/Storing-Firearms-and-Ammunition/20105001_700046726', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:36f4452a-24a5-485b-ab33-a1c760347a64>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '356', 'url': 'http://www.hunter-ed.com/washington/studyGuide/Storing-Firearms-and-Ammunition/20105001_700046726', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.027921020984649658', 'original_id': 'd228c1a155119e1e3000648a646801122704ec07a745646d7ff6a8167077ce6f'} |
nickel titanium uses
Commercially Pure and Low-Alloy Nickels. In some NiTi alloys, a small percentage (<2% wt) of nickel can be substituted by cobalt. Its combination of high strength, low density (it is quite light in comparison to other metals of similar mechanical and thermal properties), and excellent corrosion-resistance make it useful for many parts of aircraft, spacecraft , missiles, and ships. Uses of Titanium. 4,5 Physical vapour deposition is also used on a laboratory scale. Twelve patients ( … It is also used in endodontic mainly during root canals for cleaning and shaping the root canals. While the potential applications for nitinol were realized immediately, practical efforts to commercialize the alloy did not take place until a decade later. [3][4] Buehler was attempting to make a better missile nose cone, which could resist fatigue, heat and the force of impact. There is a concern about release of nickel and titanium after implantation of nitinol-containing devices. ,[40] and the application of new materials and material structures, such hybrid shape memory materials (SMMs) and shape memory composites (SMCs).[41]. There are, however, constraints: the effect is only observed about 273-313 K (0-40 °C; 32-104 °F) above the Af temperature. Generally more costly than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. Table Of ContentsWhat is the Brønsted-Lowry Theory? Titanium is a very important metal that was discovered back in 1791 (see our post who discovered titanium). It has become one of the most essential components in steel industry. Nichrome is an alloy of nickel and chromium with small amounts of silicon, manganese and iron. The 2014 Chevrolet Corvette incorporates nitinol actuators, which replaced heavier motorized actuators to open and close the hatch vent that releases air from the trunk, making it easier to close. This wire is ideal for applications requiring high loading and unloading plateau-stresses as well as for eyeglass frames and cell phone antennas. The R-phase is another martensitic phase that competes with the martensite phase mentioned above. Nickel observed in supernova 2007bi was the radioisotope nickel-56, which decayed into cobalt-56, which in turn decayed into iron-56. Nickel deposits in biocompatible titanium implants may also cause nickel allergy and subsequent allergic reactions. 2. Nickel Facts. Here are some of the more common uses of titanium in the world today. with aluminium, zirconium or nickel) for various aircraft components, such as rotors, turbines, compressors, exhausts, wings, hot air pipes and hydraulic system components. Here are some of the more common uses of titanium in the world today. Different alloys are named according to the weight percentage of nickel, e.g. It is used as microphone boom or a retractable antenna in cell phone technology for its mechanical and flexible memory nature. Computed tomography was used to evaluate root canals prepared by nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) hand and stainless steel hand endodontic instruments. Nitinol is typically composed of approximately 50 to 51% nickel by atomic percent (55 to 56% weight percent). Nickel resists corrosion and is used to plate other metals to protect them. The hysteresis width depends on the precise nitinol composition and processing. Latent Heat: this material has a latent heat of 5.78 cal/ gm. The fact that this material has poor thermal conductivity does not help in this purpose. It is used to improve blood flow by inserting a collapsed Nickel titanium stent into a vein and heating it. Martensite's crystal structure (known as a monoclinic, or B19' structure) has the unique ability to undergo limited deformation in some ways without breaking atomic bonds. Titanium alloys are suited to use in both surgical tools and implants. It has had a number of different uses over the years including jewelry and coins. Nickel is used in corrosion-resistant alloys, such as stainless steel. The shape memory property allows this metal to “remember” its original shape and retain it when heated above its transformation-temperature. However, the main uses of this wire are in stents and stone retrieval baskets. With a sufficiently high level of nickel, sigma phase formation can be completely suppressed. Nichrome is an alloy of nickel and chromium with small amounts of silicon, manganese and iron. The remaining 95% is used to manufacture pure Titanium Dioxides – a pigment that enhances brightness and opacity in paints and inks, paper, and plastics, and even in food products and cosmetics. It is, however, mainly used in making alloys such as stainless steel. Tubing made from a copper-nickel alloy is used in desalination plants. This upper limit is referred to as Md,[15] which corresponds to the highest temperature in which it is still possible to stress-induce the formation of martensite. This material derived its name from its constituents and its place of discovery.
Dbms Is A Utility Software True Or False, Mor-flo Water Heater Manual, Red Osprey Position, Roxanne Tong Age, Dbms Is A Utility Software True Or False, Nandito Lang Ako Lyrics By Willie, Lever Action Rifle Qld, | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '84', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9342206120491028}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '11349', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ORQZIOAOP2OM46NJR4E6XJOZSGBG5BYI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:645dec55-aa19-49e7-aca6-7f1b0cc011d0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 8, 3, 15, 12, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.223.136', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:UOFWRI6LRKSQL75W5DQATF7IPS5IBGSS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:76be4dc9-1870-4ad5-8a9d-8e65288d32f9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://gospel.com.pl/70qhyb2h/f8pdx.php?tag=d58820-nickel-titanium-uses', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f5a378a3-020e-4b5b-871d-66dcb38fce94>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '801', 'url': 'https://gospel.com.pl/70qhyb2h/f8pdx.php?tag=d58820-nickel-titanium-uses', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-31\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July/August 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-180.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02184087038040161', 'original_id': '1363148491b0f512037e1018e789556d3f16d48776c9450006dcb67d05d23bca'} |
How An Eco-Friendly Home Can Boost Your Health
Posted On Wednesday, 26 September 2018
How An Eco-Friendly Home Can Boost Your Health
An estimated 3.8 million people die prematurely each year due to illnesses related to household air pollution. Three billion people cook using open fires or stoves that use fuels like coal and wood to produce heat, which pollute the air. But, many other everyday household items also contribute to poor air quality, such as cleaning products, air fresheners and paints.
All of this is detrimental to one’s health, both short-term and long-term. In fact, environmental factors have been found to have a greater impact on the immune system than a person’s genetics.
Choose eco-friendly products to have a greener home that will benefit both your health and the planet.
Cleaning Products Are as Dangerous as Cigarettes
Household cleaning products have a lot to answer for when it comes to indoor air pollution and health concerns. One study conducted over 20 years found a clear link between the use of cleaning products and the risk of developing lung troubles. Professional cleaners were at the highest risk and their lung damage matched what would be expected in someone smoking 20 cigarettes a day. This is down to the chemicals in cleaning products that contribute to air pollution in the form of ozone and airborne particulates, which can be compared to the same air pollution caused by cars burning gasoline or diesel.
The good news is that eco-friendly cleaning products are becoming more popular, but bacteria can also be killed with steam, lemon, bicarbonate of soda and vinegar; meaning no chemicals are needed at all.
Paints Worsen Asthma & Eczema
Many common paints that are used around the home contain lots of chemicals, including ammonia, formaldehyde and synthetic dyes. There’s a good reason why a well-ventilated room is advised when decorating as paints often lead to headaches and dizziness. They are also commonly linked to similar lung problems as cleaning products and are believed to aggravate asthma and eczema.
The amount of toxins released into the environment from paint manufacturing is the second highest, with vehicle production claiming first place. There are now more companies than ever producing eco-friendly paints that are breathable, manufactured in environmentally-friendly factories and chemical-free. A wider range of colors are being made and they’re similar in price to top-end brands.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Simply put, VOCs are carbon-based chemicals that evaporate easily as room temperature. They are present in many household items, including cleaning products, paints and furnishings. VOCs can be toxic and are classed as a carcinogenic. The acute health problems they are responsible for include breathing difficulties, headaches and nausea. Long-term, chronic conditions include cancer and damage to the liver, kidneys and central nervous system.
Concentrations of VOCs are believed to be 2-5 times higher indoors, and these higher levels can lead to more health problems. Good ventilation in your home can reduce their harmful effects or you can switch to alternative, chemical-free products that contain no VOCs, which won’t contribute to air pollution at all.
Switching to eco-friendly products can improve the air quality of your home, which will in turn improve your immediate and long-term health. It’s easier than ever to shop green as the movement is growing and more businesses are offering the alternatives. Avoiding nasty chemicals will benefit your health and will also be help to protect the environment.
Jess Walter
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How to use sqlite3 database with Django on Kuberenets pod
I am having one python-django project which consist of sqlite3 database, I am deploying it on Kubernetes pod, wanted to know how to access the sqlite3 database, once I deploy the app on Kubernetes. Generally If I was using postgres or mysql, I would have created another pod and then expose my services, not sure for sqlite3 database. How to access it and use the database, or I have to create a new pod for sqlite3?
Dockerfile for my Django app:
FROM python:3.4
RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
sqlite3 \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY requirements.txt ./
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
EXPOSE 8000
CMD ["python", "manage.py", "runserver", "0.0.0.0:8000"]
The sqlite file should be created in the root of the project inside the pod. But, you should not use sqlite in Kuberneters. Because inside the pods, all the codes are read-only mode. Hence even if you want to update the sqlite file, you won't be able to do that unless you give it write permission from dockerfile.
Also, you need to keep in mind, after each deployment pods are recreated, so the sqlite file will be replaced by new one on each deployment and you will lose all your data.
Potential solutions are:
You can add persistant volume to sqlite file path, so it won't be lost after each deployment.
Deploy a MySQL/Postgres DB in kubernetes, and create a Database there. Then connect your Django application to that DB.
Even better, use a reliable/paid solution like AWS RDS or Cloud SQL.
Hey, thanks for your answer. Just wanted to know how to add persistent volume to sqlite file path. I know how to create persistent volume, but didn't get how to add persistent volume to sqlite file path
You mean to say in deployment.yaml file under moutpath in volumes need to give path for the sqlite file?
you can define the name of the sqlite3 like /some_directory/sqlite3.db(where sqlite file is found: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7431138/where-is-the-sqlite-database-file-created-by-django) and in pods.yml, add volumeMounts's mountPath to /some_directory. This document might help: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-persistent-volume-storage/. But keep in mind that, persistant volume is not available in Kubernetes build process(unless you explicitly attach it), so you need to run migrations and migrate commands with CMD or during running the pod.
Well, SQLite supports WAL mode to allow concurrent access, so in theory you can create volume or statefulset that contains database files
Hi @ruddra, can you please clarify what do you mean "...unless you give it write permission from dockerfile." I just can't seem to get it to work in a Kubernetes pod, getting - django.db.utils.OperationalError: unable to open database file
I'd appreciate it very much :)
@Erokos you need to run chmod command to run the files
@ruddra, not to spam this post please check out the problem I have and what I have tried so far, described here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69703942/using-django-with-db-sqlite3-with-persistent-volume-in-a-kubernetes-pod-outputs?noredirect=1#comment123211935_69703942
#2 and #3 are pretty useless advices, sqlite works fine in persistent volumes and will cover needs of the most of the projects.
@Desprit, I believe they are the most useful advice if you consider production grade setup. SQLite is useful only if in prototyping state where you don't have store data for a long time or on permanent based.
@ruddra This is wrong. For the most of the projects sqlite will be faster than postgres. It's also easier to setup, easier to write unit tests, easier to migrate. Performance in WAL mode is very high. You can even make it distributed using packages like rqlite. You underestimate sqlite.
Its based on project requirements. if its a testing, embedded, or prototype, why not. but for a production grade software, i would think twice: https://dev.to/codesphere/should-i-use-sqlite-postgresql-or-mysql-1o4b
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66950385', 'collection': 'StackExchange', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2021.0', 'title': 'Stack Exchange', 'creator': 'Desprit, Erokos, Kirill Dubovikov, SVD, https://stackoverflow.com/users/13120906, https://stackoverflow.com/users/15486802, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2696165, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3459479, https://stackoverflow.com/users/539617, ruddra', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '624', 'token_count': '1112', '__index_level_0__': '37732', 'original_id': 'c83433a0c195041ac5081c7adfbc513ae5b388754fb7a3d8e3ef90c002a3adb5'} |
Different differences: revelation and disclosure of social identity in the psychoanalytic situation.
The authors propose a taxonomy of social identities, suggesting that three different classifications of identities can be distinguished. These comprise those that are innate and visible, such as race or gender; those that are innate, but invisible, such as sexual orientation; and those that are acquired or achieved, such as marital status or political affiliation. The authors argue that each of these categories has different implications for the revelation or disclosure of aspects of the therapist's identity, as well as for transference-countertransference dynamics. These points are illustrated with brief clinical examples. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'f3e4e5e8be1de3867132a18f0381a4eaddc5bd6202d68f1efe61404f7e273260'} |
"I tried to make my own shampoo and nearly scrambled eggs in my hair."
Image: supplied.
I’m not what you’d call a DIY person. I’m always forgetting to bring my own lunch, my baking skills leave a lot to be desired and I dread to think how useless I would be if ever handed a hammer.
But I’m also the kind of person who gets carried away easily, especially when I have new things.
So after recently purchasing and flicking through the Neal’s Yard Remedies‘ all natural beauty book, I thought nothing of signing myself up to the challenge of using only natural skincare products for a week.
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And I’m not talking natural as in pleasant smelling organic products that come in nice packaging, I mean DIY, homemade, brewed-in-the-kitchen kind of products.
“How hard can it be?”, I told myself. Ah, the naivety.
Considering my scientific skills and knowledge are severely limited (I chose environmental science at school as soon as chemistry, biology and physics were no longer compulsory), I decided to try and keep it simple. (Post continues after gallery.)
Anything that required five or more ingredients was immediately struck off the list, as was anything that required dried rose petals, frankincense (do I look like a wise man?) and emulsifying wax (sounds far too intimidating).
I ended up with recipes for four products – shampoo, conditioner, a hair mask and toothpaste.
So on a rainy Saturday I hit the shops with my shopping list. Turns out the regular supermarket just won’t do.
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I thought I had picked recipes that required not ordinary but not uncommon ingredients – things like coconut oil, glycerine and essential oils. After no luck in the supermarket, I stumbled upon a health shop and managed to tick off most things in the list, although I was surprised by just how expensive everything was.
Once I got in the kitchen, I laid out all the ingredients, chanelled my inner Hermione and got cooking. Well mixing, but there were measurements involved too.
The recipe for "Herbal toothpaste" calls for a delicious mix of bicarbonate of soda, glycerin, table salt and drops of rosemary, thyme and sweet fennel essential oils. I couldn't find fennel oil, so I settled for mixing ground fennel into the mix. "How different could it be?" I justified. That should give you an indication of how this particular product went.
Brittany whipped up toothpaste in her kitchen. As you do.
The mix doesn't make much and looks a bit like marzipan. Unfortunately it doesn't smell that way, giving off a very strong fennel odour. Oops.
I'm hesitant as I put it on my toothbrush. I take a deep breath, close my eyes and start brushing... and immediately start gagging. It tastes DISGUSTING. I actually spit it out (not that you can swallow it anyway!) and proceed to wash my mouth out with gallons of water, and brush my teeth with normal toothpaste just to rid myself of the taste.
My homemade toothpaste. Yep.
Sorry nature, I don't think I could stomach this one again.
The first hair washing product on my list is the shampoo or "cleansing hair paste", which requires the simple mix of bicarbonate of soda, water and two drops of rosemary essential oil.
It should be impossible to mess this up, but I manage it. The process reminds me of trying and failing to make icing as a child. When it doesn't look right, I keep on adding more water, then more bicarb until it's a solid mess. The second time, it finally looks like a paste.
Swapping my trusted favourites for homemade.
Using it in the shower feels like I'm putting grit and sand in my hair. There's no real smell (which I'll realise later is a blessing) and I leave it in for three minutes before rinsing with warm water. My hair doesn't feel as soft as it usually does after washing, but it does feel relatively clean.
Hair Rinse
I follow my hair paste, with a "Cider Vinegar Hair Rinse" which promises to cleanse and balance the hair, smooth the cuticles and make hair look shiny. It needs just one part cider vinegar to four parts water, and lists three essential oils as optional. I leave them out.
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In the shower, I pour it over my hair, mouth and eyes clenched shut for fear of getting vinegar in them. The smell of the vinegar is very, very strong, and the two minutes pass painfully slow. My hair feels gross and knotted although the smell does disappear after several rinses.
The "Coconut Conditioner" is the nicest sounding product on my list. Unfortunately, it was the worst one to use. The mix of egg yolk, coconut oil and coconut milk goes slightly gloopy during the waiting time and while it smells like coconut cake, it looks a little bit like vomit. Hmm.
I'm not sure I want to swap my usual hair products for these...
Because of the raw egg, the recipe advises washing off with cold water. I refuse to wait five minutes in the shower under cold water though, so I precariously try to shave my legs under the warm water and keep my hair out of it.
In addition to nearly slipping over thanks to my dangerous balancing, I manage to get some of the conditioner in my mouth, start gagging and my hair goes under the hot water. In just a few seconds, the eggs feel like they're starting to scrambe. Great.
Luckily I realise quickly, and am able to rescue my hair from turning into an omelette. I wash it off, and surprisingly my hair feels reasonably soft.
Here's Brittany: post egg scrambling debacle.
While I wasn't impressed how my hair felt immediately after, it dried really well and felt super soft (and clean!) for a good few days. I was concerned that my hair would get greasy quickly and I'd have to wash it daily, but it lasted as long as my usual hair washing routine did.
It certainly wasn't a relaxing and luxurious experience, and I think I almost got hypothermia from the constant temperature change each product required, but the results were good.
RELATED: “I haven’t washed my hair with shampoo in 6 years.”
As for the toothpaste? There are somethings that are better when you make them yourself. A cake, a cup of tea made just the way you like, even a thoughtful homemade card. Toothpaste, as it turns out, is definitely NOT one of those things. Leave it to the professionals.
Looking for natural beauty products? I'd stick to these.
Have you ever tried making your own beauty products?
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What Is Espresso Powder And How Is It Made?
If you’re a coffee lover, chances are you’ve heard of espresso powder. But what is espresso powder, exactly? This article tells you everything you need to know about espresso powder including how to make yours at home.
So, what is espresso powder? Espresso powder is simply ground up espresso beans. It’s a concentrated form of coffee that packs a real punch – perfect for adding an extra boost of flavor to your baking.
I’ll admit, I was skeptical at first about using espresso powder in my baking. I mean, wouldn’t the espresso taste good? But I decided to give it a try anyway and boy am I glad I did! Just a little bit of this unique powder can really take your cakes, cookies, and other sweet treats to the next level.
Plus, it’s super easy to make your own espresso powder at home with just some basic kitchen supplies. So if you’re looking for a delicious way to add some extra flavor (and caffeine!) to your baked goods, read on for our guide on how to make espresso powder
What is Espresso Powder?
What is espresso powder
Instant coffee grounds are finely-ground, dark, and highly concentrated. They’re not simply just regular, whole beans.
It’s used more as a flavoring agent for things like cakes, cookies, and other desserts. Espresso powder is coffee in crystal form that quickly dissolves in liquid. It’s not the best choice for your morning latte, but it’s great for flavoring cakes, cookies, and other desserts.
Anise is a spice commonly used by bakers to flavor cookies, cakes, and other pastries. Recently, you may have seen it being used in coffee spice rubs or other meaty recipes.
Espresso powder is a more concentrated form of coffee than instant coffee. It is made from darkly roasted coffee grounds that are ground very fine, making it ideal for espresso extraction.
The dark, finely-ground coffee beans used for making espresso are called “espresso beans.”
If you’re looking to make your own coffee, you’ll need to buy an espresso machine. Espresso machines require special types of beans and a grinder. Darkly-roasted, fresh, and high-quality whole bean coffees are the best for brewing.
Espresso made from freshly ground coffee beans will be stronger than one made with pre-ground beans.
This more concentrated powder can be used in smaller quantities in recipes.
How Is Espresso Powder Made?
Espresso is easy to make, but finding quality, affordable coffee can be a problem. Luckily, making an espresso requires an espresso machine or access to the leftover coffee grounds from another person.
If you want to replicate this product, make sure you use a very dark coffee. This will ensure the best results.
To dry out the ground coffee, place them in the oven on low heat for 1-3 hours. Make sure to keep an eye on them so they don’t roast or catch fire.
If you’re looking to create a truly bitter taste, then extending the roast time of your beans will likely get you there. Keep in mind that this will result in a more one-dimensional flavor.
Grind the coffee beans to a fine, even texture. You can do this with a coffee mill, a food processor, or a mortar and pestle.
Keep grinding until you have a fine, powdery substance. To make an espresso, you grind up the beans into very fine particles. This fine coffee dust can then be mixed with hot water to make an espresso.
How Much Espresso Powder Should I Use in a Recipe?
If you want to enhance the flavor in chocolate baking recipes, use anywhere from 14 teaspoons to 1 teaspoon of espresso powder, depending on the recipe yield.
If you want your recipe to have a strong coffee or mocha flavor, use more instant espresso powder. Start with around 1 tablespoon, and adjust depending on how much the recipe makes.
When using espresso powder in a recipe, it is best to start with less and then add more to taste. This will ensure that your dish does not end up tasting too bitter. For reference, 1 tablespoon of espresso powder is equivalent to about 2 shots of espresso.
For reference, my everyday brownies recipe has 12 teaspoons (or 14 ounces) of instant coffee.
What Are the Best Things to Cook Using Espresso Powder?
There are literally thousands of different ways to use coffee in your food.
Let’s take a look at some of the more common flavor combinations in cooking.
A coffee-flavored pound cake is a popular recipe to use with espresso beans.
This chocolate cake is rich, moist, and has a deep chocolate flavor.
The addition of the Espresso Powder helps to intensify the Chocolate Flavor without making it taste too Bitter. This is because if you were to add too much Cocoa, it would result in an overly-bitter Taste. Thus, the Addition of Espresso makes the Chocolate taste more Intense.
The addition of a little coffee to chocolate cakes makes the cake taste great.
Espresso powder can enhance the flavor of brownies, making them even more delicious!
This means that you can either add a lot of chocolate to the brownies to make them more chocolatey, or you can add a lot of coffee to them to make them more mocha-like.
The brownie mixes that use this ingredient have a deliciously rich, fudge-like texture and a delightfully crunchy top.
The espresso bean can also be used in cooking, particularly in making coffee meat rubs. It can be combined with some chili powder.
The flavor of smoked meat is often complemented by a sweet ingredient, such as sugar.
What is Espresso powder – Conclusion
Now you know what is espresso powder! Whether you’re looking to add a little extra flavor (and caffeine!) to your baking or just want to try something new, this unique ingredient is definitely worth giving a try.
And with our easy-to-follow guide, you can make your own espresso powder at home in no time. So what are you waiting for? Get started today and see for yourself how delicious espresso powder can be!
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Jj. 9.982302 9.982072 9.981841 9.981608 9.981374 9.981187 9i)80899 9.980608 9.980416 9.980171 9.979925 9.979676 9.979426 9.979175 9.978928 9.978668 9.978411 9.978152 9.977891 9.977627 9.977362 9.977095 9.976825 9.976553 9.976279 9.976003 9.975725 9.975444 9-975162 »974877 .9.974589 9.974300 9.974008 9.973714 9.973418 9.973120 9.972819 9.972515 9.972210 .9.971902 9.971592 9.971279 9.970964 9.970646 .9.970326 .9.970004 9.969678 9.969351 0216 0.217 0.218 0.219 0.220 0.221 0.222 0.223 0.224 0.225 0.226 0.227 0.228 0.229 0.230 0.231 0.232 0.238 0.234 0.285 0.236 0.237 0.288 0.239 0.240 0.241 0.242 0.243 0.244 0.245 0.246 0.247 0.248 0249 0250 0.251 0.252 0-253 0254 0.255 0.256 0.257 0.258 0559 0.260 0.261. 0.262 0.263 Mathem, Cla$$e. X. log. ft. 0.304609 0304645 0304680 0.304716 0.304752 0304788 0.304824 0.304860 0.304896 0.304983 0.304969 0.305006 0.305044 0.305081 0.805119 0.305157 0.305195 0.805233 0.305272 0.805310 0305349 0.305389 0.805428 0.805468 0.805508 0.805549 0.306590 0306632 0.305674 O30Ö716 0.805758 0.306801 0806844 0.805887 0.805930 0.806973 0.806016 0.306102 0.806146 0.306190 0.306234 0.306279 0.306324 0.306369 0.306414 0.306459 0.306506 Gg log. 9. 9.969021 9.968688 9.968853 9.968015 9.967675 9.967333 9.966990 9.966623 9.966293 9.965970 9.965686 9.965227 9.964866 9.964502 9.964136 9.963768 9.963399 9.963026 9.962649 9.962270 9.961888 9.961502 9.961113 9.960725 9.960327 9.969930 9.969531 9.959128 9.958722 9.968312 9.957899 9.957488 9.957068 9.956689 9.956218 9.955784 9.966355 9.954920 9.964482 9.954039 9.953596 9.963145 9.952698 9.952236 9.961776 9.951312 9.960847 9.950377 112 c 0564 0.265 o.2ce 9.267 0568 0.269 0.270 0.271 0.272 0.278 0.274 0.275 0.276 0.277 0.278 0.279 0.280 0.281 0.282 0.283 0.284 0.285 0.286 0.287 0.288 0.289 0.290 0.291 0.292 0.293 0.294 0.296 0.296 0297 0.298 0.299 0.300 0.301 0.302 0.803 0.304 0.806 0.306 0.307 0.308 0.309 WILHELM KLIREERFUES, log. II. 0.306651 0..'i06597 0.306643 0.306690 0.306737 0.300785 0.306832 0.306880 0.3069i7 0.306976 0.307024 0.307072 0.307121 0.307170 0.307220 0.307270 0.307.320 0307370 0.307421 0.307471 0.307522 0307674 0.307626 0.307678 0307730 O.S07783 O307836 0.307889 0.307943 0.307996 0.308061 0308106 0308160 0.308215 0.308271 0.308327 0.308383 0.308439 0.308496 0308551 0.308608 0.808666 0.308723 0.308781 0.308839 0. 0.313 0.314 0315 0.310 0.317 0.318 0.319 0.320 0.321 0.322 0.323 0.324 0325 0.326 0.327 log. ^. C 9.949902 0.310 9.949423 0.311 9.948942 0.312 9.948455 9.947965 9.947469 9.946973 9.946472 9.946970 9.940402 9.944949 9.944421 9.943910 9.948383 9.942862 9.942315 9.941776 9.941235 9.940691 9.940140 0.329 9.939584 0.330 9.939023 0.331 9.938457 0.332 9.937886 0.333 9.937310 0.334 9.936727 0.335 9.9301410.336 9.9365540.337 9.9349620338 9.984364U339 9.933760;O840 9.93S150'0.341 9.932535'a342 9.93I914|0.343 9.931287 0.344 9.930653 0.845 9.930016 0.346 9,9293760.347 9.9287810.348 9.928079*0.349 9.927421 10350 9.926766 0.351 9.926086 0.362 9.92.5408 10.353 9.924724J0.354 9.92403310.865 log. ^ 0.308957 0.309016 0.309076 0.309184 0.309194 0.309254 0.809314 0.309876 0309486 0.309498 0.309660 0.309628 0309686 0309749 0.309818 0.309878 0.309942 O.3100O7 0.310078 O3I0189 0.310206 0.310271 0310837 0.310404 0.310471 0.310639 0.310607 0.310676 0.810745 0.810814 0.810884 0.310954 0.311025 0.311096 0.311167 0.311238 0311310 0.311888 0.311456 0.3H628 0311602 0.311677 0311768 0.811828 0.811904 0.311980 log. 1(. 9.923837 9.922638 9.921933 9.9212200.859 0366 0.857 0.368 9.920500 9.919773 9.919039 9.918298 9.917650 9.916704 9.916032 9.915268 9.914496 9.913716 9.912927 9.911130 9.911325 9.91(612 9.909690 9.908860 9.908022 9.907183 9.906331 9.905472 9.904602 9.903724 9.902825 9.901937 0.901029 9.900U3 9.899186 O.800 0361 0362 0363 0.864 0365 0366 0367 0.308 0.869 0.370 0371 0372 0.373 0.374 0.375 0..376 0.377 0.378 0.379 0.380 0.381 0.3 0.383 0.384 0.386 0.386 0.387 9.897302 0.388 9.89634710.389 9.895381 0.390 9.894407 |0J91 9.89342210.392 9.892428 10.393 9.891424!0394 9.89041 1:0.396 0.396 0897 9.887304 0398 9.886242 0399 9.885168 0.400 9.884082 log. (.. 0.812057 0312164 0312211 0.312289 0.312867 0.312446 0.312525 0.312606 0.212686 0.312765 0312M6 0.312927 0.313008 0.313090 0313172 0.313256 0.813341 0.313427 0.313512 0313.598 0.813684 0.313771 0.313857 0.313945 0.3140.32 0.314122 0.314218 0.314304 0.314395 0.814487 0314679 0.314671 0.314763 0.314856 0.314949 0316042 0315136 0816229 0.315323 0.316417 0.315612 0.316607 0315701 0.315797 0.315892 9.881871 9.880746 9.878459 9.877301 9.876127 9.874988 9.873732 9.872511 9.871274 9.870022 9.868754 9.867470 9.866170 9.864860 9.863631 9.862184 9.860818 9.869432 9.858029 9.85660« 9.855154 9;858704 9.862225 9.8Ö0723 9.849198 9.847863 9.846085 9.844495 9.842823 9.841250 9.837917 9.886218 9.834480 9.832718 9.830930 9.829117 9.827280 9.825418 9.821618 9.819681 9.817719 ÜB. B AHNBESTDI1IUN6EN VON BLANETSN U.CQMEIBN AUS VEBSCH. COHBIN. nc. 223 Die Tontebende Tafel (in welcher die sechste Decimalstelle der Rech- nung noch mit aufgeführt ist, nm die fünfte mehr za sichern^, dient znr Be- slimmnng der Sehne x vermittelst der' Lambertseben Gleichung in folgender Weise. Slan setze (r-\-rM ■ so gibt die Tafel log. fi and es ist x = Cr+r"). ftS. Die zweite Colamne enthalt den t ._ A ■ =r ' Log. Sector. Tafel zur Berecbonng des Loga Sector fttr jeden Kegelschnitt. (Ao* den Bcriiaer Ail»BoAileh«n Jahrbneh« Tir 16U). log. cos y' b'" 9.998 18.895 9.997 28.310 9.99« 87.70» 9.99Ö 47.074 9.994 66.424 9.993 65.753 9.99! 75.060 9.991 84.34» 9.990 93.610 9.989 102.853 9.983 112.075 9.98T 121.276 9.986 130.456 9.985 139.613 9.984 148.760 9.983 167.866 9.982 166.961 9.981 176.036 9.980 185.089 0.458 0.4S7 9.4 IS 0.393 0.371 9.350 ».320 9,307 9.364 9.243 9.22} 9.201 9.17» 0.158 9.137 0.1 1< «.099 9.07B «.05S 0.000 0.036 0.143 0.320 0.Ö68 0.885 1.272 1.727 2.251 2.842 3.601 4.226 6.018 5.876 6.799 7.787 8.839 9.956 11.136 12.380 13.686 107 177 248 317 361' 465 624 501' 669 725 702 85B 023 080 1.053 I.IIT 1.180 t.244 I.30S 0.0000 0.0119 0.0237 0.0356 0.0473 0.0590 0.0708 0.0824 0.0941 -0.1058 0.1174 0.1290 O.1406 .0.1521 0.1636 0.1751 0.1866 0.1980 0.2208 0.2321 119 118 118 118 117 118 116 117 IIT 116 M« II« 115 115 116 114 IIB 114 114 tu l'i WILHÜLH ' KLINKBRFUBS w 5 ■ ■: I ,: '".■/•'• •■■ '' ' ■■ ' A •' ' •■••.!' J'l'J'N •'"■■ / • 'i »g V =?= V/ -3- cos y' =5FSWi 2w' COS. ^ C»'—») ' • X Man bat dann log. y' = log. Seolor =3 dg • I Glied der 2. Ordnung. wobei a + 1712,324 6= 1,0817. 0"= 0,0010149 log <^= 3,2338859 log 6" =0,034 1076 log 0"= 7,0064167 tf\ n 4. 6. and die Einheit die 7. Decimale de3 brigg. Logarithmus von y ist. ' ' t z; Tafel für A in der Parabel nach der Gaoss'scben Reihenentwicklung, Seite 198 Sector ß 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.010 log Seclor 0.00000 8.99942 9.99884 9.99824 9.9976ä 9.99707. 9.99647 9.99Ö87 9.99526 9.99466 9.99405 ß 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.01» 0.014 0.015 0.016 9.017 0.018 0.019 0.020 .. . I 9.99405 9.99344 9.99282 9.99220 9.99158. 9.99095 9.99032 9.98968 9.98! 9.98) 9.987Y6 0.02Q 0.021 , 0.022 0.02a 0.034. 0.026" 0.026 0.027 0.028 0.029 ' 10.030. I > ^^ Sectpr: 9.98776 9.987 U 9.98645 9.98580 9.98514 9.98448. 9.9838L 9.98319 9.98245 , 9.98177. l, 9.981^. ■ I i .) i ' l *\ /> < • ■ I ABHANDLUNGEN DER HISTORISCH -PHILOLOGISOHEIV CLASSE •• DER ROINIGLIGHEN GESELLSCHAFT DER WISSENSCHAFTEN ZU GÖTTllNGEN. ZEHNTER BAND. BitL-nU. Ctaste. X. SprachwisseDSchaftliche Abhandlungen Toa H, Ewald, II. Abhandlung ttber den Zusammenhang des Nordischen (Türkischen), Mittel- ländischen, Semitischen und Koptischen Sprachstammes. Vorgetragoo in der siinog der Königl. Gesellschaft der WissenschafteD am 4ten Jan. 1862, In der vorigen abhandlung wies ich, ausgehend von dem hinblicke auf das unserer zeit gestellte wahre ziel einer ächten Sprachwissenschaft, auf einige der notbwendigsten bedingungen hin unter welchen wir allein hoffen können uns diesem ziele immer sicherer zu nähern. Insbesondre wurde darauf auf- merksam gemacht dass es wie an zahl beschränkte so an kraft und Wirkung alles belebende und tragende geschichtliche mächte gebe welche aus dem bloßen Sprachstoffe und den reinen geistigen möglichkeiten alle menschliche spräche erst wirklich schaffen und noch jede einzelne spräche wie sie erscheint und sich regt durchdringen und erhalten; mächte die man ihrem wahren wesen und ihrem ganzen wirken nach auf das genaueste erkennen müsse nicht nur wo es sich von einer einzelnen sei es allen oder neuen spräche handelt son- dern auch und wo möglich noch mehr wenn man den Zusammenhang aller sprachen eines ganzen Sprachstammes oder zulezt gar einen hohem zusammen- bang der verschiedenen sprachstämme selbst sicher überschauen wolle. Die erkenntniss dieser sprachmächte sowohl ansich ihrem ächten und wegen ihrer allgemeinen nothwendigkeit ewigen wesen nach als in ihrer geschichtliGbeii entwickelung durch alle alten und neuen sprachen und alle großem oder kleinern sprachstämme hindurch muss jeat überall unsre uächste sorge und unser eifrigstes bemühen seyn, bevor wir die lezten und allerdings aoeh all- A2 4 H. EWALD, gemein wichtigsten aufgäben der gesatnmten Sprachwissenschaft glücklich zu lösen hoffen können. Weil aber sogar auch diese sprachmächte wie sie sich zunächst in den einzelnen sprachen regen und noch in ihrer vollen kraft oder allmählich schwächer und aufgelöster in ihnen herrschen, nie richtig begriffen werden können wenn man nicht zuvor jede einzelne spräche gerade in bezag auf sie auf das sorgfältigste und sicherste verstanden hat, was bis heute bei weitem nochnicht auchnur bei allen d^n sprachen erreicht ist die wir schon seit längerer zeit näher kennen und untersuchen konnten: so wählte ich in der vorigen abhandlung die Koptische als eine so alte und von allen uns näher liegenden sprachen und Sprachstämmen so weit abstehende spräche um die in ihr und vorzüglich in ihren thatwörtem sich offenbarenden sprachmächte richtiger zu finden und zu beschreiben, welches in der kürze zugleich ein nüzlicher beitrag zur sicheren erkenntniss aller der wichtigsten und schwierig- sten bestandtheile des Koptischen werden konnte. In dieser zweiten abhandlung ist nun aber mein vorhaben von diu er- kenntnissen aus welche in jener ersten gewonnen wurden einen bedeutenden schritt weiter in die betrachtung des höheren Zusammenhanges auch der ver- schiedenen und ansich fest und scharf zu trennenden sprachstämme zu wagen, indem ich die drei weitverbreiteten sprachstämme welche in alten wie in neuen zeiten den größten theil von Asien erfüllen und sich von dort schon im Alterthume stärker oder schwächer bis fast über ganz Europa ausdehnten, in das gebiet dieser Untersuchungen ziehe, sie mit dem Koptisch-Afrikanischen 1] s. dies weiter ausgeführt in den bemerkungen aber B. Renan's de Forigine du langage in den Gott. Gel. Anz. 1859 s. 1 -II. ÜB. D. ZUSAMMENH. DES NORDIS., MITTELL., SEMIT. U. KOPT. SPRACHSTAMMES. 5 spracbstamme vergleichend zusaromenslelle , und die folgerungen ziehe welche sich auf diesem neuen wege ergeben. Diese drei sprachstämme sind, um hier sogleich die bestimmten namen anzugeben mit welchen ich sie unten )eils den kürzesten und angemessensten bezeichnen werde, der Nordische welclien man auch nach einer einzelnen hauptsprache in seinem weiten kreise den Türkischen nennen könnte und in unsern zeiten auch wohl den Altai'schen oder sonst wie genannt hat; der Mütelländische oder, wie man ihn bisher meistens bezeichnete der Indo- Germanische oder Indo- Europäische, und der Semitische; ich gebrauche hier jedoch dieselben drei namen die ich schon seit 20 Jahren und länger öfTentlich empfahl, und welche man wohl alles sorg- fältig überlegt wirklich für die entsprechendsten halten wird, da sie gerade für die zustände der Allen Welt so vollkommen passen. Nichts steht zunächst fester und muss schärfer festgehalten werden als dass jeder dieser vier sprachstämme die vollkommenste Selbständigkeit filrsich hat, und dass jeder versuch den einen aus dem andern abzuleiten völlig eitel isL Die tiefsten und unwandelbarsten eigenthümlicbkeiten aller art sind jedem von diesen vieren eingeprägt; und weiter können nicht vier menschenstämme (oder Racen} wie wir sie nach ihren leiblichen unterschieden etwa genau bestimmen und scheiden mögen, von einander getrennt seyn als es diese vier spracharten unter einander sind. Wie unwandelbar und wie gewaltig auch der stärksten Vermischung und Verwüstung trozend die eigenthümliche grundgestaltung eines jeden dieser vier sprachstämme sei, werden wir unten an einigen besonderen beispielen zu zeigen veranlassung haben. Man kann die Verschiedenheit der sprachstämme insofern mit vollem rechte dör der menschenstämme (Racen} gleichstellen: und es ist allerdings vor allem noth- wendig sich über die ebenso festen als gewaltigen grenzen nicht zu täuschen welche hier den einen immer von dem andern trennen, und alles was sich aus diesen tiefen unterschieden sowohl geschichtlich als dem wesen der menschlichen spräche nach ergibt so weit und völlig so wahr anzuerkennen als es sich bei sorgTältiger Untersuchung wirklich ergibL Meinen wir nun dennoch dass es einen lezten hohem Zusammenhang zwischen diesen vier so weit von einander abstehenden Sprachstämmen gebe, jind zwar nicht etwa bloss einen solchen der sich aus dem inneren wesen und den unumgänglichen 6 H. EWALD, nothwendigkeiten aller menschlichen spräche ergeben würde, sondern auch einen wirklich geschichtlichen: so begreifen wir wohl was damit behauptet werde, und welcher beweise es bedürfe um etwas auf den ersten blick so fern liegendes und inderthat so schwer zu beweisendes dennoch wissenschaft- lich auchnur von einem richtigen anfange aus zu beweisen. Auch kommen wir hier in zeiten menschlicher geschichte hinauf welche mit der uns bekannten KU messen unmöglich ist. Im anfange aller uns bekannteren geschichte finden wir die sprachen eines und desselben sprachstammes schon völlig von einander wie örtlich so auch ihrer besondern ausbildung nach so weit geschieden dass es uns schwer wird ihren ursprünglichen Zusammenhang richtig wiederzufinden und uns ein etwas sicheres bild von ihrer allmähligen trennung zu entwerfen. Aber in welche noch fast unmessbar weitere entfernungen gelangen wir wenn wir versuchsweise ähnlich die Sprachstämme zusammenstellen und deren bil- dung aus einer ursprünglichen einheit verfolgen wollen ! Und doch dürfen wir diese höhen nicht scheuen wenn wir und soweit wir sie sicher erkennen können. Und so ungemein weit der schritt von der frage nach dem zusam- menhange aller sprachen desselben sprachstammes bis zu dar nach dem zu- sammenhange der Sprachstämme selbst ist, so führt uns jener erste schritt sobald er bereits etwas sicherer znrückgelegl ist doch fast unwiderstehlich zu diesem zweiten weiter, mit dessen zurücklegung wenn sie völlig gelungen seyn wird erst das ziel dieser ganzen Wissenschaft näher erreicht und alle ihre reiche frucht leichter eingesammelt werden kann. Wir gehen jedoch hier nach dem in der ersten abhandlung angedeuteten zunächst immer nur von der frage des wort- und sazbaues in diesen drei sprachsiämmen aus; und wir beginnen dabei absichtlich gerade mit 1. Dem Nordischen (Türkischen) sprachstamme als d^m welcher wie örtlich so auch seinem ganzen wesen und seinem wort- und sazbaue nach von dem Koptischen am weitesten entfernt ist. Dies ist dör spracbstamm welcher gewiss schon im Alterthume ebenso wie heute den ganzen norden Asiens ^und Europa's weit und breit bedeckte, aber von diesem seinem schwer zugänglichen sammelorte aus nicht selten auch südlichere ge- ÜB. D. ZUSAMMENH. DES NORDIS., MITTELL., SEMIT. U. KOPT. SPRACHSTAMHES. 7 genden überzog and in einigen dieser sich festsezte^}. Kein sprachstamn bat sieb früh über so weite wennanch Tielfacb sehr öde strecken ausgebreitet und diese meistens freilich nicht viel aDziehenden Ifinder so wenig von andern sprachstämmen bedrängt fest bebaupteL Diese seine irdische Jage wie sie im GroUen und Ganzen schon seit den ältesten uns denkbaren Zeiten nnver<> ünderlicb war, hat gewiss viel dazu mitgewirkt dass er sich von döm höchst einfachen gründe aus welcher ihm eigentbümlich ist mit einer ruhe und gleich- m<igkeit und doch zugleich zu einer in ihrer art besonders hohen stufe aus- gebildet bat wie kein anderer unter allen deren gescbichte wir verfolgen können. Die stufe der wie unwandelbar festen ausbildung bis zu welcher er fortgeschritten ist und die er schon in den frühesten zeilen erreicht haben muss, ist keine so niedrige wie wir sie wohl bei anderen sprachstämmen weiter nach dem Südosten hin beobachten können : aber diese seine ausbildung hat sieb von den einfachsten grundlagen aus so gleichmäßig und so wie in felsenfester fügung und kittung vollendet, und sie ergibt sich daher auch als so durchsichtig leicht und klar sobald man sie ihrem wesen nach richtig erkennt, dass nach allen diesen sel- ten kein anderer sprachstamm sich mit ihm vergleichen lässt und seine sichere erkenntniss für die aller menschlichen Sprache sehr lehrreich werden kann. Keine plözliche erschütterung und wie yerrückung der ersten grundlagen wie solche in jenen Urzeiten durch gewaltige erschtttlerungen und umwandelnngen von außen her bei andern sprachstämmen vorgekommen seyn müssen, kann dieser erfahren haben, nachdem seine Völker sieb einmahl in jene öderen nördlich- sten strecken zurückgezogen hatten wohin die Völker anderer sprachstämme ihnen zu folgen wenig lust haben konnten. Ich stehe nicht an in dieser eigentbttmlichen ausbildung des Nordischen spracbstammes zugleich einen einfluss des besonderen tbeiles der erde zu se- hen in welchem wir allen zeichen zufolge seine wahre heimath ja seine be^ ständige ruhige wohnnng sehen müssen. Denn im allgemeinen zwar hat man in neueren zelten dem bloßen landstriche und den irdischen verhältnisseB bei 1) wir nehmen hier jedoch auf die SQdindischen oder Draridischen sprachen und ihren in den neuesten zelten gesuchten Zusammenhang mit dem Nordischen sprachstämme keine raoksicht, weil darflber in einer dritten Abhandlung zu reden ist 8 H. EWALD, weitem zuviel einflnss auf die ausbildung der einzelnen sprachen zugeschrie- ben, nicht bedenkend dass menschliche spräche vor allem etwas geistiges ist, dass jede spräche wohin sie im veriaufe der geschichte mit ihrem volke auch geworfen werden mag den festen geistigen leib behalten mnss in welchem sie seit ihrer entstehung sich bewegt, und dass es so höchstens die reinen laute sind welche durch land und luft sich leicht stärker umwandeln lassen. Ganz anders aber war es gewiss in jenen urzeilen wo die groUen sprachstämme selbst erst ihre feste geistige ausprägung empfingen: in jenen zeiten müssen wir uns allen merkmalen zufolge eine stärkere einwirkung auch der äußeren lagen und Verhältnisse der Völker auf die ausbildung der spräche denken ; und gerade für den Nordischen sprachstamm gilt dieses sichtbar auch noch von einigen anderen bedeutsamen selten her. Wie nämlich die ganze große aus« bildung dieses sprachstammes in seiner vollesten eigenthümlichkeit ist, so spricht sich in ihm außerdem zwar eine gewaltige geistige kraft des großartigsten Zusammenfassens und schweren tragens aus welche ganz an die zähe nordi- sche kraft und ausdauer erinnert, aber auch eine gewisse härte kargheit und nüchternbeit welche nicht minder unwillkürlich auf die weiten öden flächen des Nordens zurückweist: wie dieses bald weiter zu zeigen ist. Indem also dieser sprachstamm auf jenen fast grenzenlosen gebieten sich ausbreitete und in aller ruhe seine so gleichmäßige ausbildung wie vom feste- sten felsengefUge empfing , zerfiel er zwar in eine ungemein gro^^e zahl mehr oder weniger von einander abstehender einzelner sprachen, da sich hier au- ßerdem nie auf die dauer weite große reiche erhielten in welchen die ein- zelnen kleineren Völkerschaften sich hätten enger sammeln und leichter vermischen können. Es hat zwar sehr lange gedauert bis wir eine etwas vollständigere und genügendere Vorstellung von dem ganzen um- fange dieses sprachstammes mit allen den einzelnen ihm angehörigen spra- chen : uns bilden konnten. Keine dieser sprachen ist schon im Alter- thome zu einer eigentlichen Schriftsprache geworden und uns als solche überkommen : was in vieler hinsieht für die Sprachwissenschaft noch weit mehr zu bedauern wäre als wir es jezt bedauern müssen, wenn wir nicht wüßten dass dieser ganze sprachstamm eine zu große innere einfachheit und gleich- mäßigkeit bat als dass er sich geschichtlich so schnell und so völlig umwandeln OB. D. ZUSAMMBNH. DES NORDIS., MITTBL., SEMIT. U. KOPT. SPRACHSTAMMES 9 ließci. Eine eigenthflniiehe ake schrifk sckeiai^D swar mandie dieser Völker besessen u babeoi aber ibr aadenken bat sieb nur in sehr sparsamen tnlmiaem erballen ^} , und ein mit recbt so sa nennendes schriftthnm ging wobi nie ans ibr berror. Fast nnr von andern Völkern ^} nahmen einnehe der Völker die- ses weiten sprachstammes einige scbrifkarten an in welchen äe bttcber ver« fassten : und iKe in ihnen enthaltene spräche erlanbt uns wenigstens um eine grö* ßere reibe von jahrhanderten anritck eine einsieht in ihren früheren anstand an gewinnen. Die meisten aus dem weilzerslreuten und schwer aufindbaren großen beere dieser sprachen sind uns aber erst in unseren neuesten selten durch ein glfickliebes zusammentreffen des allgemeinen wissenschafUiebeii Sin- nes und triebes mit den preiswttrdigea aufopfernden mttben einiBelner Gelehrten auljgescblossen welche diese Völker in ihren eignen oft so schwer aubnsa« chenden und zu durchwandernden erdwinkeln dorebfersebten längere seit unter ihnen verweilten und die laute ihrer nie nuvor von. einer schrift gefesselten sprachen zuerst ^nem Verständnisse näher brachten '}• Und obwohl in diesen so mtthe vollen arbeiten bisjezt noch vieles mrück Ist, so können wir doch 1) Ich verweise hier der kflrse wegen auf dis was ich fai den Göii. OeL Am. 1869 8. 176 f. bemerkte. 2) Dieser ausdruck ist absichtlich so gewtthlt, wiewohl hier weder der rechte ort noch räum ist die frage nfiher zu erörtern ob die bflcherschriflen aller dieser Völker bloit von den Sinesen Syrern Arabern an^ andern Völkern fremder spracb- stimme entlebat seien oder nicht. 8) Das hauptverdienst um die erforsehung dieser sprachen und ihrer Völker hat sich schon seit langen seilen die Petersburger Akademie erworben : ihr verdankt man auch noch in der {Ängsten zeit die verölFentlicbung der hieher gehörenden zahl- reichen arbeiten des zu frtth verblichenen Finnen Castriny Ober welche ich einen gröUern theil von ihnen nfther berücksichtigend in den Gott Gel AmB. 1859 s. 161 — 178 redete. Eine sehr ausf&hrliche abhandhing Aber die spräche der Jakuten gab außerdem dort schon 1851 di-r Akademiker O.Böbtlingk im dritten bände von Middendorffs «Reisen ia dem tuOersten norden und osten Sibiriens i*^ und auch sonst finden sich in den Schriften der Petersburger Akade- mie eine menge der lehrreichsten beitrage zu diesem fache« Noch bekanater sind in Deutschland die mannigfaltigen arbeiten von C. v. d. Gabele atz zur erUirung der sprachen dieses Stammes. - PUL Claise. X. B 10 H. EWALD, dankbar rtthmen dass wir bereits das ganze weite gebiet wenigstens im Allge» meinen sieber genng zu überschauen nnd zu beurtheilen vermögen. Und so sind wir jezt auch schon hinreichend im stände deutlich einzusehen welche ungemein grobe yerschiedenheiten unter den sprachen dieses Stammes von der Lappischen und Finnischen im äußersten westen bis zu der Japanischen im Snilersten osten^} und von der Samojedischen im äuOersten norden bis zu den in Persien Kleinasien und ini südlichen Europa gebrfiuchlichen sprachen und mundarten herrsche. Allein diese so ungemein große mannichfaltigkeit und Verschiedenheit welche unter den zahlreichen sprachen Nordischen Stammes troz ihrer gemein- samen abkunft von ihm herrscht, soll hier nicht weiter verfolgt werden , da es fbr unsern zweck völlig genügt an einem einzigen und wo möglieb dem geradesten und kräftigsten zweige des ganzen Stammes seine wahre eigen- tbümlichkeit aufzuzeigen. Wir wählen dazu den Türkischen zweig als d6n welcher wie ursprünglich örtlich so auch einem größten theile seines gesamm- ten Wesens nach die wahre mitte und wie die geradeste und vollkommenste ausbildung des ganzen Stammes* uns darstellen kann, soweit es überhaupt mög- lich ist dass der volle trieb und die ganze schöpferische anläge eines Stammes sich in einem einzelnen seiner vielen zweige ausdrücke. Das Türkische zer- Rillt zwar selbst wieder in eine menge besonderer sprachen und mundarten, die wir theilweise schon aus ziemlich ftilhen zeiten kennen, theilweise erst jezt näher erkannt haben; und das Othmanische ist nur die bekannteste und als Schriftsprache gebildetste aber auch mit ganz fremdartigen bestandtheilen bunt gemischteste und in sofern abweichendste spräche unter ihnen. Allein so wunderbar fest zeigt sich auch bei dem Türkischen das felsengefüge dieses Sprachstammes dass sogar noch dieses Othmanische troz aller fremdartigen Stoffe die am stärksten aus dem Arabischen und Persischen^} schwächer aus 1) Dass auch das Japanische troz seiner sehr eigenthtlmlichen ausbildung^ zulezt diesem stamme entsprungen seyn mflsse, bemerkte ich schon in den Oöti, Gel. Am. 1857 8. 2023 f. 2) Man würde jedoch sehr irren wenn man meinte das Türkische habe das Ara- bische in derselben weise wie das Persische in seine weiten so festen und Ob. D. ZUSAMMENH. des NORDIS., HTTTELL, SEMIT. U. KOPT. SPRACHSTAMHES 1 1 oocli andern zofittssen in es eingedrangen sind und troz der großen umwan- delongen die es dadurch gelitten dennoch in allen wesentlichsten grundlagen und bestandtbeilen seinem stamme tren geblieben ist, und alles fremde bei ihm nur eingebrachtem leichtem hausgeratbe gleicht welches von innen und von außen die unerschütterlichen grundmauem eines hoben weiten hauses schmückt. Man kann daher auch diese spräche hier noch zum gründe legen sobald man sie nur im engsten zusammenhange mit allen ihren übrigen Schwestern nimmt und nichts von ihr behauptet was nicht auch diese aufs vollkommenste be- sUtigen. Wir mttssen aber in der eben angegebenen weise die eigenthümlichkeit dieses sprachstammes hier ausführlicher entwickeln, weil die bisherigen arbei- ten hier noch eine große Iflcke gelassen haben ^3, während es für unsem zweck von der größten Wichtigkeit ist gerade seine höchste und reinste ei- genthämlichkeit nach allen selten hin so stark als möglich richtig zu erkennen. hohen mauern aufgenommen, und wie auf einmal sich zweien so ungeheuren zuflössen von außen geOffbet, was nur eine eben so ungeheure Verwirrung gemacht haben würde. Alles Arabische tritt vielmehr nur vermittelst des Per- sischen in den Türkischen saz, sowie jenes früher schon in dieses einfließen konnte: dadurch stellt sich hier die einheit und gleichheit wieder her. Aber dasselbe gesez stimmt auch geschichtlich ganz zu dorn gange auf welchem das Türkische in berührung mit der IslAmischen weit kam. 1) Wir wollen hier die früheren lehrbücher des Türkischen übergehen: aber auch weder der zu früh verstorbene A. L. Davids (London 1832) noch J. W. Red- house (Paris 1846) haben das Türkische richtig erkannt und mit wissenschafl- licher genanigkeit beschrieben, obgleich der lezlere sein werk Grammmre rmi^ Motmie nennt. Man könnte sich daher freuen dass in den neuesten zeiten auch geborne Türken selbst ihre spräche uns Europäern naher zu bringen suchen^ wie die n Allgemeine Grammatik der Türkisch -Tatarischen spräche** von Mirza A. Käsern -Beg (aus dem Russischen Leipz. 1848) und die „Grammatik der Os- manischen spräche** von FuAd-Efendi und Gavdat-E feudi (Deutsch be- arbeitet von H. Kellgren, Helsingfors 1855) zeigen: allein beide haben von einer ihres namens werthen Sprachwissenschaft keinen begriff, die beiden lezteu welche sich „roitglieder des Türkischen Ministeriums des öffentlichen Unterrichts** nennen noch weniger als der erstere in RulUand lebende. B2 \t H. EWALD, Sie seift sich aber im allgemeinen doppelt^ nämlich sowohl in döin waa er als aein eignes festgefügtes holiea lians anfgebanet hat om sich in ihm seinen geiste gemäss zu bewegen als in d6m was er frtth hat aar seite liegen lassen und nicht sn lebendigen steinen seines banses hat auftiehmen ond verwen- den wollen; und leicht erbellet dass beides hier am ende ebenso wichtig ge- worden ist. Wir wollen hier jedoch beides nnr so kurz als möglich erklä- ren, da manches einzelne hier bereits anders als dort bei dem Koptischen als bekannt voraasgesezt werden kann. Ueberblicken wir nun von der einen seite alle die diesem sprachstamme völlig eigenthümlichen wirksamen mächte und von der andern die ihm man- gelnden kräfte, und sehen welcher ganz besondre Sprachenbau eben durch das zusammentreffen dieser thätigen mächte und dieser mängel entstand: so ist gewiss nichts denkwürdiger als dass er in allen fast als daa geradeste gegen- theil des Koptischen erscheint Wir können dieses jezt an dieser stelle so leicht erkennen nachdem das ächte wesen des Koptischen in der vorigen Ab- handlung so genau beschrieben ist: und hier ist noch nicht der rechte ort die gewichtigen folgerungen aus dieser beobachtung zu ziehen. Wir müssen an dieser stelle nur erst die sache selbst vollkommen richtig erkennen. Wenden wir uns also jezt zur beobachtung des gesammten baues des Türkischen und der dafür thätigen ganz besonderen sprachmächte, so können wir sagen dieser gesammte bau mit allen den scheinbar fast unabseblichen ein- zelnheiten in welchen er besteht beruhe doch zulezt nur auf der lebendigen thätigkeit dreier sprachmächte welche gerade in diesem sprachstamme sich so eigenlhümlich ausgebildet haben und in ihm mit einer bewundemswerthen kraft folgerichtigkeit und gleichmäOigkeit alles bedingen und alles tragen. Sie rich- tig zu erkennen ist nicht bloß für diesen nächsten Türkischen sprachstamm von der gröUten Wichtigkeit. Und näher betrachtet sind es sogar nur zwei mächte welche ihrem ausgangsorte nach einander enlgegengesezt und sich in diesem sprachbaue wie kreuzend und so zusammenwirkend alles umfassen und tragen. Die eine macht bauet das wort, die andre den saz auf. I. Das wart bildet sich nach d^m baue aus welcher in der ersten ab- handlnng s. tölT. als der hinterbau bezeichnet ist, aber mit einer folgerichtigkeit und strenge sowie mit einer auch das denkbar stärkste und schwerste allum- ÜB. D. ZUSAMMENH. DES NORDIS., IffTTELL., SBMIT. U. KOPT. SPRACHSTAMMES 13 lassenden krsfk dass man hier deatlicher als sonst laicht merkt was eine sprach-- nacht sei nnd mit welcher alles in öiner richtuhg Bosammenfassenden zähen kraft sie wirken kOnne. Das wort ist anch im Türkischen (aligeseben von den wenigen bloßen ausrufen , die kanm im wahren sinne Wörter zu nennen sind} sogleich entweder thatwort oder bloßes nennwort: iind von ihm ist sehr wohl zu unterscheiden die reine wurzel oder das urwort; denn die wurzel liegt anch im Tärkischen jenseits aller ä6r ausbildung durch welche es erst ge^ sebichtlich diese bestimmte spräche ja dieser bestimmte sprachstamm ist ^} ; und Ton ihr deren betracbtung und richtigstelinng in ein ganz anderes gebiet ge- hört, kann hier keine rede seyn. Eine bestimmte wurzel erscheint abo enl-* wediir sogleich als den vollen lebendigen begriff eines thatwortes gebend: oder als einseitig nur einen einzelnen gegenständ bezeichnrad, was ja bei den fürwörtern schlechthin gilt. Aber mag eine wurzel nun t&hig seyn sogleich als thatwort oder als bloi^es nennwort zu gelten : jedes urwort der art eignet sich um zuerst ausgesprochen der feste grund eines wortbaues zu werden dessen höchstes und zugleich einziges gesez ist daß eine zunfichst völlig un- beschrinkte zahl von nttberen bestimmungen seines begriffes ihm nach der strengen Stufenfolge der näheren bestimmung seines im gedenken nothwen- digen Sinnes untergereihet wird. Die begriffe welche sich so dem ersten sie alle eröffnenden und zugleich tragenden oder dem hauptbegriffe oder (noch treffender} Oberbegriffe unterreihen und die man deshalb am richtigsten als unterbegriffe bezeichnet , sind selbst ihrem lezten Ursprünge nach wurzeln und insofeme volle Wörter oder doch aus solchen entsprungen: so muß man sie betrachten, und sie liegen hier ziemlich offen so vor ; wiefern sie aber dennoch sich schon mehr verflüchtigen können, wird unten kurz erörtert werden. 14 H. BWALD, ausdehnen: so angemein weit kann sich ihre bloße menge ausdehnen und der eine unterbegriff sich immer wieder dem andern unterreiben; während der ^ine Yome als fester grund und bedeutsamer beginn gesezte begriff sie alle sich unterreihet und wie mit seiner allumfassenden zähen kraft trägt. Allein so groß diese reihe werden kann, so reihen sich die einzelnen dennoch streng nach der Stufenfolge der immer nähern bestimmung des im gedanken noth-- wendigen sinnes des ganzen wortes ; sodan die den Oberbegriff d^m sinne und gedanken zufolge zunächst beschränkenden unterbegriffe, sofern si? nothwen- dig sind, sich ihm immer zunächst unterreihen ein jeder wieder an seiner nach dieser strengen gedankenfolge richtigen stelle, bis das ganze wort sich durch alle solche denkbare und in jedem saze je nach seinem sinne nothwen-- digen stufen hindurch vollendet. Und daß dieses so mit der äußersten fol- gerichtigkeit sich durch alle diese möglichen stufen hindurch vollzieht, mag der besondre sinn nach dem gedanken des sazes viele oder wenige unterbe- griffe nöthig machen, ist eben hier wie das eigenthümlicbste so das wunder- barste des Wortbaues. Da nun die zahl der den Oberbegriff immer näher bestimmenden unid be- schränkenden unterbegriffe hier s6 gro(^ ist daß vielleicht zehn bis zwölf noth- wendig werden» so scheint es schwer die Stufenfolge welche dennoch stets streng unter ihnen beobachtet wird im einzelnen genau zu verstehen, da doch eine so große mögliche zahl nothwendig wieder in bestimmtere einzelne gruppen zerfallen muß wenn sich nicht alles verwirren soll. Allein bei nähe- rer betrachtung ergibt sich daß hier doch nur drei große stufen möglich sind und auch wirklich erscheinen, während auf jeder dieser drei grollen stufen die be- griffe sich wieder je nach dem grundgeseze dieses wortbaues streng in reibe und glied stellen müssen. Diese drei hauptstufen ergeben sich durch den fort- schritt der möglichen entwicklung eines ganz einfachen begriffes bis zu seiner vollen Verwendung nach dem zusammenhange der gedanken des sazes wel- chen der redende aussprechen will. Der begriff kann sich 1} als tbatwort oder als nennwort näher bestimmen, und dann sogleich in diesem oder in jenem sinne sich wiederum durch mannichfache stufen hindurch immer fei- ner spalten und beschränken: dies ist die ausbildung des Wortes welche wir auch hier treffend die HmmUriUhmg nennen können; das wort kann aber, wie OB. D. ZUSAMMENH. DES NORDIS., MITTELL, SEMIT. U. KOPT. SPRACHSTAMMES. 1 5 68 aach als stamm entstanden nnd mehr oder weniger ausgebSdet seyn mag, 2} durch die beziehnng anf bestimmte mehr oder wenige lebende wesen (personen, Selbste^ sich näher beschränken und den allgemeinen sinn der rede immer näher begränzen, was selbst wieder sehr mannichfach seyn ond mehere stufen durchlaufen kann; bis es in dieser bestimmtheit endlich 3} durch seine Stellung in einem bestimmten saze nach dem grundgedanken des- selben noch eine lezte nähere beschränkung erleiden kann welche selbst wieder sehr mannichfach sich im einzelnen bestimmen und sich abstufen läßt. Dies sind die drei hauptstufen ^} nach welchen alle die in dem bestimmten feile noth wendigen unterbegrilfe sich dem Oberbegriffe unterreihen mttssen; und wenn mehere etwa auf 6\ner stufe noth wendig werden , so reihen auch sie sich wiederum je nach dem obersten geseze des binterbaues wonach das je folgende glied den begriff des vorigen immer näher beschränkt. Bei der Schwierigkeit einzelner Mle ist es jedoch wohl uQzlich hier etwas genauer in diese drei hauptstufen einzugehen, um zu sehen was sie alles umfassen. 1 • Schon die Stammbildungen sind so mannichfach und so zahlreich daB man alle Sorgfalt anwenden muu sie richtig zu erkennen. Und der einbche stamm eines thatwortes kann durch nicht weniger als drei verschiedene stu» fen sich aufs vielfachste zu einem immer bestimmteren stamme weiter bilden: 1) er kann gerade als thatwort den begriff der richtung der that als solcher sich aufs vielfachste näher bestimmen lassen, als doppelt oder gar dreifach ja vierfach thätiger^), als leidender, als innerer oder als gegenseitiger that; und 1) Es sind dies dieselben drei stufen weiche man bei dor Wortbildung aller der vier hier zusaromengefaßten großen Sprachstämme unterscheiden und wonach man diese wissenschaftlich beschreiben muU^ so verschieden äbrigens der wor^ bau selbst bei jedem Yon ihnen ist Insofern besUltigt sich auch auf diese weise vollkommen das in den HebräUekem Sprachlehren seit aber 30 Jahren von mir eingeführte verfahren : und da ich dieses einführte lange ^e mir aDea dies wei* tere feststand, so ist die bestätigung desto sicherer. 2) Die stärksten biidungen dieser art wie das dreifach oder [wo schon das einfa* che thatwort starkthätigen sinnes ist) vierfach thätiga yXS^My (frirdkidit...) von • . . ^ (etr) geben sind in der Othmanischea bächersprache selten , finden sich aber im wirklichen leben auch des Othmanischen (vgl das oben bemerkte 16 H. EWALD, alle diese nöglichkeilen haben sich im Türkischen sprachstamme so aufs voU- kommenste ausgebildet Aber jedes einfache oder mehrfach näher bestimmte thatwort kann — 2} entweder gerade so bleiben, oder sich verneinend näher bestimmen: und für den lezten fall hängt sich sofort an jeden der so gebil- deten Stämme ein . . .ma . . • oder nach dem Wechsel der stärkeren und schwächeren ausspräche des ganzen wertes ein • • . me • • ,, ein auch des- wegen so denkwürdiges wörtchen weil es, sofern es sich so im wortbaue er- halten hat, noch ein zeugniß von dem uralten zusammenhange dieses spracb- stammes mit den drei andern ist^}; denn sonst drückt sich die Verneinung im Türkischen ganz anders aus. Daß aber die Verneinung sich so aufs unmittel- barste mit dem stamme des thatwortes verknüpft, ist eine nur auf den ersteo blick so auffallende, inderlhat aber dem wesen aller spräche völlig entsprechende erscheinung, die daher ähnlich in allen auch den verschiedensten sprachen im wesentlichen ebenso wiederkehrt. — Hat aber das einfache thatwort auch alle diese möglichen Vermehrungen nicht, so muß es dennoch 3) eben als sei es einfaches oder nochso vielfach näher bestimmtes thatwort in eine bestimmtere beziehung zur zeit und möglichkeit treten in welcher die handlung in dem durch den sinn der rede bestimmten falle zu denken ist, da schon an sich keine handlung in der wirklichkeil ohne diese nähere beziehung denkbar ist. So reihen sich denn alle die beziehungen der verschiedenen zeiten und mög- lichkeiten der handlung streng nach dem geseze des hinterbaues an das nach den obigen zwei stufen bestimmte thatwort, indem die modi mit recht den tempora gleich gelten; und dieser ganze bau erhält sich mit solcher festigkeit daß das neuere Otbmanische immerhin das Persische wörtchen /\ (egir) für wenn nach Persischer weise dem saze voranzustellen sich oft erlauben mag, ohne daß dieses übrigens im geringsten den acht Türkischen ausdruck für das bedingende thatwort durch das dem hinterbaue gemäß an seiner stelle ange- bängte . . . #e . . • (. . . #a . • .) aufbeben könnte. Und oft hängt sich einem schon völlig abgeschlossenen thatworte doch noch ein ^^wX^^ (idi) d. i. es war werk Yon FuAd Efendi und Gaedat Efendi s 89), und noch hflafiger and stärker in andern Tirkischea Sprachen, wie im Jakutischen (vgl. Böhtlingk s. 291 f.). 1) S. die erste Abb. $. 40. ÜB. D. ZUSAMHENH. DES NORDIS., MITTBLL , SEMIT. U. KOPT. SPRACHSTAMMES. 17 an Qin den begriff der Vergangenheit noch bestimmter hervorzuheben^}. — Übrigens reiben sich möglicherweise auch mehere glieder so unter, das fol- gende immer das frühere nlher bestimmend: aber man kann auch noch deut- lieb genug erkennen wie bei allen den vielen genauen Unterscheidungen von zeit und möglicbkeit der handlung welche das Türkische hier liebt, doch nur dine zeitbildung hier die dem sinne nach nfichste und zugleich auch ihrer ab- kunft nach älteste ist, nSmlich die des erzäblungswortes ^} welches durch ein ...dl sich bildet, wie «^vxV/ Qgeld$) er kam: mit ihm schließt sich dieser sprach- stamm noch wie von der urz^it her an alle die übrigen hier zusammengefaH- ten enge genug an 3}. Weil aber kein volles Ibatwort ohne eine solche nä- here beziehung auf ihre zeit oder ihre möglicbkeit zu denken ist, so erscheint es auch nie ohne irgend ein solches nach dem hinterbaue sich anfugendes glied: nur dass der Befehl kraft des gegensazes der unruhig bewegten und verkürzten rede aUe solche nähere bestfmmungen wieder abwirft, wie ot 1) wie für denselben zweck das Arabische ^K und Hebräische rnn vielmehr voran gestellt wird. 2) wie man am besten nennt was die Griechischen Sprachlehrer Aorist nannten: es ist im Türkischen wie sonst in sovielen sprachen das verkürzte alte Perfectum. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'abhandlungen10gtgoog_21', 'collection': 'German-PD', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1862.0', 'title': 'Abhandlungen', 'creator': 'Universität Göttingen. Fakultät der Rechtsund staatswissenschaftliche Fakultät', 'language': 'German', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7516', 'token_count': '16583', '__index_level_0__': '37639', 'original_id': '9756e0cb65f8cbb330b49b1e80a2f42f7b4adcc7007914b9c189362587c0f8f1'} |
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Cancelling a Geprocessing task arcobjects .Net
Question asked by nigel_ngl2 on Feb 28, 2017
Latest reply on Mar 17, 2017 by Hornbydd
I have a form that runs some geo processing tools in a sequence when it displays.
However when i click the close button the form gets disposed but the geo processing tools still execute.
Is there any way of cancelling the task after Execute(process,null) is called o the geoprocessor?
If yes could someone post some code for the same? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.924385130405426}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '97240', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GZU5WJ676YP4ZCKZCOOWQBREJK7X24UQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:673b2c58-b983-4ab9-a414-95d491a789bc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 10, 16, 22, 27, 27), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.108.122.103', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7TLRDKPVJGWARTZSGXIY72C2MNTGJOWI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b56f97d2-2089-4fa6-a422-40633062f58c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://community.esri.com/thread/191092-cancelling-a-geprocessing-task-arcobjects-net', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c2dc58c9-b951-4a26-afa0-5741ca804c77>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '83', 'url': 'https://community.esri.com/thread/191092-cancelling-a-geprocessing-task-arcobjects-net', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-51-147-142.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05447012186050415', 'original_id': '11fe2ebee057b02b72d4b75546478fa184c6004d4973857a6a64acd12330160b'} |
Q:
Flash Photo Album Creator
It's been a long time since I did anything in flash, and today, I just received an assignment to create a photo album creator (aka PAC) with a PHP/Mysql backend. It would be great if anyone can recommend off the shelf modules I can incorporate into my project. Any additional advice would be helpful. Here are the requirements for the PAC:
a) user can upload N number of photos into the PAC, which means I'll need a good file manager that let's people add, delete, move and rename files on the server
b) user can create M number of pages in a photo album and then assign any combination of images to a particular page
c) user can resize images on any page
d) user can crop any image on any page
e) user can save the album and edit it at a later time
Each of the items above could take at least a week to build from scratch. Is there anything out there that can expedite my development time?
Thanks
A:
This looks more like a superuser.com question.
I'm no PHP expert but here are some thoughts:
a) PHPfm or FileThingie might
do it for files.
b) It's up to you how you organize/design
your table/database structure to
accomodate collections/albums/etc.
c,d) - ImageMagick or GD
library can easily handle crops
and resize, and even more.
e) - see b)
If it's a commercial project and time is a constraint consider solutions like SlideShowPro.
It has been around for a few good years, has a nice design, good support, in short it's an affordable and professional product.
If you don't consider buying this, analyze it, break it down, see what works well and how and most importantly how you can improve this.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '70cdfbf95ed4b11b26f236e071de3546a3568a683913164f9f284a318c5676fc'} |
Rent in London is the most expensive in Europe for expats
Rent in London is the most expensive in Europe for expats, averaging £5,187 per month for a three-bed home, global mobility experts, ECA International has found.
Although rental costs decreased in central London (zone one) this year, rent in outer London remained stable. London maintains its position in the top five most expensive for rental accommodation in the world, in fourth, followed by Moscow, Zurich, Geneva and Dublin.
Alec Smith, accommodation services manager at ECA International, said: “A polarisation of rent changes was observed between properties in central and outer London since the previous year. Rents fell in prime neighbourhoods in London travel zone one, with salaries for top jobs largely stagnant and demand waning.
The jobs market is relatively buoyant in the UK which has caused a general increase in demand for rental accommodation in some of the UK’s major cities.
Manchester continues to have the most expensive rental accommodation in the UK outside of London and has re-entered the top 120 most expensive in the world (119th) this year.
Ranking 30th in Europe, average rent in Manchester for a three-bedroom home is now £1,844 per month, £54 more expensive than last year. Birmingham has seen the largest rental cost increase in the UK at a staggering £110 per month, and is the 36th most expensive city in Europe to rent in.
Other than Central London, Aberdeen was the only UK city to see a decline in rental costs, dropping by £190 per month, however Glasgow remained the cheapest city in the UK to rent a three-bedroom home, costing on average £1,050 per month, £794 less than in Manchester.
Rent in Edinburgh on the other hand has re-entered the top 50 most expensive in Europe, costing 1,529 on average per month and up £101 on last year.
Smith said: “The ongoing decline in the oil and gas industry has reduced the number of overseas renters in Aberdeen.
“With remaining workers having their housing budgets cut, average rent levels have followed suit. Changes in Scottish legislation in the past couple of years have affected the supply of rental accommodation in Edinburgh while demand remains strong.
“Tax increases on the purchase of second homes have increased landlords’ costs, while the phasing out of shorthold assured tenancies means many landlords have increased rents to cover the perceived greater risks in renting out their properties.”
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April 2 is Pay Equity Day in Wisconsin
MADISON, Wis. — April 2, 2019 is National Equal Pay Day, marking the day women would, on average, have to work until in order to equal the wage earned by a man in calendar year 2018. In Wisconsin, according to analysis of the National Women’s Law Center based on U.S Census data, women in Wisconsin typically make 80 cents for every dollar paid to men. However, the gap for women of color is even worse with Black women earning roughly 61 cents for every dollar paid to white men and Latina women workers only making 53 cents for every dollar paid to white men.
“Wisconsin needs to do better,” said One Wisconsin Now Executive Director Analiese Eicher. “Women ought to be paid the same as men for the same work and they ought to be able to count on their state government to help make sure that is not just the law but also the reality.”
Unfortunately, Eicher noted, that is not the case in Wisconsin. Under Scott Walker, Assembly Republican Speaker Robin Vos and Senate Republican Leader Scott Fitzgerald the state equal pay law was repealed, leaving Wisconsin as one of a handful of states in the nation without one. Under the provisions of the law women could have sought redress in state courts for being paid less than their male counterparts for doing the same work.
The $1.5 trillion student loan debt crisis provides a dramatic example of how the economic impact pay disparities unfairly burden women. According to the American Association of University Women (AAUW) as of 2018 women in the U.S. held nearly two-thirds of the nation’s student debt while accounting for just over half of college and university enrollees.
She concluded, “The economic ripple effects of this shameful gender and race wage disparity include women being even more burdened by the student loan debt crisis. It’s time our policy makers in Wisconsin understand we all do better when we all do better.”
One Wisconsin Now is a statewide communications network specializing in effective earned media and online organizing to advance progressive leadership and values.
One Wisconsin Now Offers Suggestions Highlighting the Real Tom Tiffany
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What If Employees Could Be Traded Like Athletes?
What if employees could be traded like athletes?
I’m generally talking about either big organizations where there is a big pool of employees, several offices, departments and such, or sectors where there are a bunch of employees in similar competing companies. It’d be even funner in the latter if they were out there competing against each other, like sales people.
It’d be a good way to move some disgruntled employees around. It’d be a good way to optimize some people’s skills to put them in a position where they may be of more value. You’d have a good reason to trade for them, or trade them off. It might just be fresh, especially if the jobs are relatively interchangeable, to deal with different topics, territory, etc.
Of course, it could leave some unhappy employees. People don’t generally like to be moved out of their control. But hey, that’s part of life. Maybe have people be able to state they’re not willing to move, or check with them before finalizing deals. Have some conditions so the employees have some control, in other words. I mean, not everybody is going to suddenly get traded. Look even at the sports trading deadlines. What tiny percentage of all the athletes in a league are moved? Very few. Few enough you could probably put in such rules that only people declaring willingness to be traded would be traded. I can tell you right now that in government where I work, you’d probably get more than enough at any given time to make feasible the small percentage of actual trades to take place like in sports.
Now, as for free agency, that’s another fun thought.
As well as drafts, though I don’t necessarily mean out of college, but just a reshuffling of employees once in a while. That will like bruise a lot of egos, though, and give some people some bad reps… deservedly or not. Yes, I said deservedly as a choice. Cause some do! But same thing works for the good people. If they were concerned about their reps, then maybe they should start earning it and making it what they want it to be. 🙂
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Nov 15, 2017, 05:56AM
Bell's Party Line
Human error's a constant.
Rsz s29kyy7bjjuwkk.jpg?ixlib=rails 2.1
The story goes that about 50 years ago my father and the family were playing cards in their country cottage when a man burst in screaming that his buddy was dead in a ditch outside. As a result, today it’s difficult to get Internet service set up there.
What happened was this: In the mid-1960s my family built a cottage in my grandmother’s home town, south of Montreal and just north of the Vermont border. It was a small house. Water came from an open spring nearby. There was no telephone. In that situation, in that place, at that time, a phone didn’t seem to be a necessity.
One Saturday night my grandparents, father, and some aunts and uncles were playing cards, as they regularly did—poker variants, a nickel to ante: Midnight Baseball, Daylight Baseball, Kings and Low in the Hole, Queens Down and Follow the Queen, Spit in the Ocean. When the night was well on there was a pounding at the door, and when they opened it a panicked man blurted out that his friend was dead outside.
Somebody took the guy over to the neighbor’s house to use the phone, while my father and uncles got some blankets and went out to see if they could find the alleged corpse. They did, and discovered he was alive, if asleep. It turned out that the man had left a bar in the nearest town, and, alertly deciding that he was in no shape to drive home, set out on foot. He made it just about to my family’s house and then, tired, lay down in the ditch to rest, where he fell asleep and where his friend found him a little later.
All’s well that ends well. But it led my grandparents to decide that it might be a good idea to get a phone at the cottage after all. Just in case the next dead guy really was dead. So they did, and since it was fifty years ago it was a landline. Only not exactly the kind of landline old people like me are still used to.
Fifty miles from a major city, the only kind of phone line available at the time was a party line. I expect people under 40 may not know the term as it applies to telephony. I don’t think I’ve ever used another one myself, and can’t even think of a time I’ve seen one in an old movie or TV show. A party line’s a phone line that doesn’t just run to one household. Instead it connects several numbers, each of which has the line in common. Each hears the phone ring when a call comes in to any of them. Each household gets a separate ring; calls for a house might be signaled by one long ring and two short ones, the next house two longs and one short, and so forth. Of course, in the rotary-dial days of 50 years ago all phones rang, instead of vibrating or playing music. But if you picked up the phone and somebody else in another home was already on the line, you couldn’t use it—just eavesdrop.
In the 1980s, well after the house had been extended and a well dug, the phone company did something to their lines so that the party line acted like a regular one. We no longer heard the occasional mysterious ring, no longer had to worry about picking up the phone to hear unknown people or worry about them hearing us. We soon forgot, in fact, we were on a party line at all.
Which brings us to the present day, and my aunt, the current inhabitant of the cottage, trying to get DSL Internet set up. As of this moment, it’s an ongoing process because the old infrastructure is still giving us problems.
First, a party line can’t carry Internet signals. Bell Canada promised that wouldn’t be a problem; somewhere in the last few decades they’d set up a regular landline in the area, and they could switch it over. It’d take some time, but they could do it.
And so they did. Even after that, though, Bell’s proved oddly mulish. My aunt’s getting Internet through another company, Teksavvy, which uses Bell’s lines. But Bell keeps telling them that my aunt doesn’t live at her address—the same address to which Bell sends their bills.
Bell’s front end, the billing services, has her correct address in their files. Their back end, the technical services, have another. The bad address has the right street, but the wrong number for the house. It’s an address we don’t know, that my aunt has never lived at, nor did my grandfather who had the account before her. An address, in fact, that as far as we know nobody in our family’s ever lived at.
I can’t be positive, but strongly suspect the address was associated with the party line. I think Bell’s technical services, for arcane reasons, put that number in their file for the cottage’s account because the line serving the house didn’t belong to the house alone. It’s a guess, but neither of us can think of any reason for Bell to have that false address—and specifically for Bell’s technical support side to have it.
What we’re facing, in other words, is the difficulty of a technological upgrade. Old infrastructure doesn’t always go away easily. It can be replaced or superseded, but ghosts of it remain in the new systems, bugs and errors and glitches waiting to happen. Eventually they become harder to root out because nobody remembers the old structures that birthed them. Nobody’s been around long enough to see the evolution of the whole. Institutional memory’s lost.
How many of the people at Bell trying to deal with us know what a party line was or how it worked? Some, sure; at least one guy at tech support knew about it (and said my theory that the party line caused the bad address is quite possible). But I wonder how many party lines are still part of the overall network.
On the other hand, imagine it the other way around. Imagine trying to explain to the phone company five decades ago that 50 years later the party line would make it difficult to set up a connection to the global computer network that everyone uses to check their mail, keep up with their friends, get the news, listen to music, watch movies, and shop. They’d rightly call it science fiction, and point out that they couldn’t afford to think too far ahead. The party line was Hobson’s choice: this, or nothing.
The best technology available for the house has become archaic 50 years later, and more than that, it’s become a barrier to setting up the technology of today. I’ve read a number of articles about how various places in Africa are skipping over the installation of landlines in favor of cell phones. They’ve got it right. The less you install the less you need to update. Sure, at least software can update itself. But human error’s a constant. There’s no updating the wetware.
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05 December 2009
Any clinician will tell you
Here is what one such clinician, an acute admitting physician, told the Joint Committee on the Draft Mental Incapacity Act.
What is the doctor to do if the patient is not incapacitated but merely distressed because of life circumstances? They may have discussed it with friends and relatives, may have written down their request in the form of a suicide note and gone on to take the overdose. We know that the majority of such patients, 19 out of 20, live but regret having taken the overdose. Any clinician will tell you, any psychiatrist will tell you that this business of taking overdoses is part of the very natural history of how distressed and depressed individuals behave. They want out. They want to get out of the situation into a different environment and there are all sorts of feelings of guilt and concern about it. I know from my clinical experience that the next day many of these patients are glad to be alive. It would be a tragedy if suicide notes were deemed valid advance directives. Why do we treat them? For the reasons I have stated. We know that their views are not fixed. Indeed this is part and parcel of the way that distressed individuals behave. They want help, they want a different environment and they want to be surrounded by people who can help them. We know that but at the time that they take the overdose on the Friday or Saturday night their intention may very well have been to kill themselves and they may have thought about that for two or three weeks or even months. I think there are dangers in having advance directives which will freeze in time individuals' so-called wishes when we know in practice that they change over time.
Dr Philip Howard was the doctor who put forward this view on behalf of the Guild of Catholic Doctors. Was that why his views were ignored? Did the committee think he had a religious agenda? Dr Grumble has never revealed his religious views here. He is not going to now. This is not about religion. It is about what is right and what is wrong. It is a shame that the law now views doctors with such distrust that they can no longer act in the best interests of their patients and save their lives when they are in a state of distress.
With thanks to Julie McAnulty
Quasi Serendipita said...
Well put, Dr G. Finally a coherent view point on this issue that I can make some sense of.
befuddled said...
My understanding is that a advance directive is only valid if it has been appropriately notorised via a solicitor. Therefore hand written suicide notes are not even close to being legally binding?
I suspect that legally the presence or absence of a suicide note is irrelevant although would welcome clarification from anyone with a better understanding of the MCA
the a&e charge nurse said...
befuddled, this item summaries the process.
First of all paperwork becomes irrelevant if the patient in front of you has capacity, in which case they can refuse or accept treatment as they see fit, even so there is no statutory requirement for a solicitor's signature to legally validate any document.
An advance decision can only be made by someone over the age of 18 who has the mental capacity to make the decision - the situation regarding children is a potential minefield.
An advance decision to refuse treatment is the only type of living will that is legally binding - the dilemma for doctors & nurses is highlighted in Dr Grumble's main post.
The Mental Capacity Act 2005 provides a legal framework to help 'empower' people to make their own decisions and to make clear what actions carers and family can take.
It puts the law on advance decisions (or living wills) on a clear statutory basis for the first time.
The rules relate particularly to advance decisions to refuse treatment, including refusal of life sustaining treatment.
The transient nature of some forms of self harm (such as impulsive overdose) does not seem to be addressed by the current legislation - so perhaps the size of the multi-disciplinary teams will need to be expanded even further to include the hospital solicitor?
Enzyme said...
Just a handful of quick comments:
First, there's a world of difference between a suicide note and an AD, as one of the contributors here has pointed out already. Anyone who can't tell the difference is suspect from the off.
Second, the numbers who regret a suicide attempt tells us nothing, since we could reasonably expect those who don't regret it to have another go, and thereby place themselves the reach of any opinion poll.
Third, beyond "any clinician will tell you", what's the evidence for the mental state of would-be suicides? And, even if the claim is true in general, it won't tell us a bloody thing about individuals.
Fourth - and, for now, finally, what's the limit of your claim about saving lives? Is there any refusal of life-saving treatment that you would respect?
Julie said...
Hi Enzyme,
I think the issue here is that with the Kerrie Wooltorton case, they decided that the decision to let her die was correct. If the enquiry had concluded that it was incorrect, then things would be clearer. At the moment it is as clear as mud and the Mental Capacity act is as clear as mud; it is full of contradictions. It's a bad piece of law. I don't think any of us here are vitalists; there's a time to save someone and there's a time to let go. But there are a lot of worrying things going on in medicine just now and Kerrie Wooltorton's case has thrown that into sharp relief.
Enzyme said...
Julie -
Who are "they", and what's your reason for saying that the decision was incorrect? I'm no whizz on the MCA, but, if it's really as unclear as you make out, couldn't it be that you've misunderstood it? My understanding of the Wooltorton case was that the coroner ruled that everything was in order.
Julie said...
do you think the decision to let Kerrie Wooltorton die was correct?
Enzyme said...
Julie -
You raised Wooltorton, not I; I don't think that my take on the case is all that important in this context: you're the one who made the claim.
Anonymous said...
Seems a relevant question to me, Enzyme.
Julie said...
hi Enzyme,
This post is about Kerrie Wooltorton, so of course I bring the subject up.
'They' in this case refers to the coronor and the court that decided the decision re Kerrie Wooltorton was correct.
Enzyme said...
KW isn't mentioned until the comments; and I don't think that what - if anything - I think about that particular case has anything to do with the question I asked Julie. But, since you demanded it: the coroner was, it seems to me, correct in his legal assessment, and I'm inclined to accept the ruling's moral underpinnings, too.
I can't help but to notice that my questions remain largely unanswered.
Anonymous said...
'Inclined to accept' seems to suggest, Enzyme, that you do have doubts about the rights and wrongs of the KW case. Yet KW's wishes were much better documented and considered than is usually possible in such circumstances.
Perhaps you do understand the concern that Julie and very many others have about the sort of situation mentioned by Dr Howard.
Or maybe your view is that anybody with capacity turning up in a hospital saying that they want to die should just be allowed to die.
I wonder how you would feel if it was your daughter who wanted to die after her boyfriend had walked out on her.
Julie said...
I think the problem with KW's suicide note is that although it wasn't an official AD, it was the deciding factor in the doctors not treating her and it seems to have come under the more general definition of the principle in the Mental Capacity Act that just because someone makes an unwise decision, does not mean that it is an invalid one. The fact that the coroner and court have ruled that the correct decision was taken seems to imply that although a suicide note is not an AD, it can be regarded as significant in a case and so a clinician proceeds to treat at their peril. As I say, as clear as mud.
Julie said...
I mentioned the extract in this post from the Commons Committee in relation to Kerrie Wooltorton on my own blog; Dr Grumble continued the theme in this post, giving credit at the bottom. This is about KW; you've just entered into the middle of a conversation that's been going on for a while Enzyme.
Dr Grumble said...
Enzyme's comments cause me to reread the post and seeing "They want help, they want a different environment and they want to be surrounded by people who can help them" made me even more worried about KW because there were various features in the story which suggested that that was exactly what she was really looking for. But we shall never know.
Anonymous said...
I believe that Kerrie had mental health problems, but i do not know what they were. I have bipolar. When i am happy, i am so unbelievably happy and when i am down you could not even imagine it. I do so want to die as I cant cope with it. My few friends back of as i drag them down. If i had the guts i would kill myself but when i am manic i am so glad i didnt. When i am down i have cut myself sto that people would no of my great pain and help, but nobody does. I just go into psychi and nobody cares.
Dr Grumble said...
Thank you for your comment, anonymous. Sometimes people don't believe doctors. A patient explaining the situation is very much more powerful.
The situation we are worrying about is when somebody like you might be admitted wanting to die. There are those out there telling us that if you want to die and you understand the consequences of your action we should respect your wishes and allow you to die. If patients like you think this is wrong you need to be shouting that as loud as you can from the roof tops.
Enzyme said...
To Anon: well, being pretty certain about the rights and wrongs of the case is compatible with having lingering questions to ask, and being aware that those who disagree with my take on it are not necessarily completely nuts. Cases like this one are interesting just because they're a bit messy.
Julie - I think we have a different opinion of the status of notes and ADs here. An "official" AD makes things easier from an administrative PoV, perhaps - but a note could easily have the same moral status, and I think that the courts'd be open to treating it as legally in the same league.
As far as I can see, the difference between an "official" AD and a note is likely to be something comparable to the difference between a cheque written in a book printed by the bank, and a signed promissory note on the back of an envelope. The latter is, perhaps, trickier, but there's no formal reason why it should be any less binding.
Julie said...
I think we have the same view of notes and ADs, Enzyme; that although it appears that they have a different status according to the MCA, that for practical purposes they don't. Other principles in the MCA are giving suicide notes the same weight as an AD and it was not meant to do this, at least not when the debate re the MCA was going on in Parliament.
Dr No said...
Dr G (and anon) - absolutely right - we need patients to tell the legalists and ethicists that it is not just some quack opinion on our part that these people are in a transient state of wishing to die.
Enzyme - methinks you are either an ethicist or a lawyer or, God forbid, both. I say this because I sense a certain what I can only describe as an armchair smugness about your remarks (eg "Cases like this one are interesting just because they're a bit messy" ). The trouble is that that armchair smugness is almost always based on a deontological position (you must do the "right" thing, regardless of the consequences), where as doctors and patients are grounded in the real world, and live (and die) by consequentalism (consequences matter). That said, I certainly welcome the debate: it is an important (cf "interesting") one and needs to be had, lest some dangerous deontology creep in through the back door (as it did in Norwich).
As Julie has pointed out, this is a very long-running debate that has been going on for 6 weeks or so on several blogs. The question of KW's DNR note and its relevance has been done to death (sic) (it was an informal AD; case law not the MCA applied at the time it was written/used; but it was irrelevant and should have had no bearing because deemed capacity at the time of admission trumped any pre-written AD). Coroner Armstrong's verdict and subsequent comments have also been thrashed out (yes, he was legally correct, but it was based on bad law which fails to recognise the transient nature of suicidal states in the majority of cases). Lastly, all doctors I know, and Julie, are quite comfortable with a time-to-live/time-to-die position. It is bad medicine to strive officiously to keep alive. And if a capacitous individual of sound mind makes, for whatever reason, a determined and durable to decision to kill themselves, then that is not a medical matter.
Kate Middleton said...
Dr No is right. The voices of patients need to be heard on this issue. I am appalled by the legal decision that allowing KW to die was the correct one.
I made my first attempt at suicide by overdose on the evening of 6th December 1982 after a massive psychological and physical assault by a "doctor" with no respect for my autonomy, the truth or medical ethics in the Warneford hospital.
I was completely sane by his own assessment on 17/11/82 - not anxious depressed or suicidal and he was supposed to be giving me "expert counselling". He actually had - in his own words - "no personal experience".
I sent a CD of scans of medical records to Professor Keith Hawton, director of adolescent suicide research at Oxford, earlier this year. He correctly identified my condition at the time and I congratulated him on that fact. My advice for preventing adolescent suicide? Keep them away from "psychiatists".
Nobody would listen to me about what had happened until I went to the police twenty five years later and made a CID statement. The internal notes from the Warneford were then retrieved and not only confimed my story but had a suicide diary in installments which I had written in my study at Radley College.
My problem at the time was precisely as stated. "I need to be out of this place/situation" as I put it in writing at the time. If one of those adults responsible for my welfare had listened to me then I would not have spent my entire adult life suffering from post traumatic effects.
Bullying and sexual assault lead to post traumatic stress disorder and ultimately suicide. It has now been acknowledged in a report by the Care Quality Commission that abuse and bullying in mental hospitals is widespread and leads to lonely death by suicide..
In this diary, I attributed the beginning of very severe symptoms of psychiatric injury to the day of an examination of my genitals without consent and horriffic bullying afterwards. 25/11/82. 'I have been feeling physically ill for the last 4 days ...'
A key element of complex PTSD is being trapped in a situation and I recorded that as well.
The referring GP, Dr Thorne, had said I was "rather upset" and "vulnerable" several times in his referral of 15/11/82. There was no question of my sanity however.
Dr Anthony Storr, "the famous Oxford professor" who "assessed" me the day after the overdose was sent this diary and ignored it. In 1985, I told a Dr McDonald I had the impression that Storr had made up his mid before I entered the room. I was right.
I made several further attempts later on, all induced by abusive treatment by "psychiatrists". I am glad I didn't succeed but not pleased that I am having untangle the mess 27 years later.
The law needs to be clarified in this area. Doctors should save lives. If you go to hospital with and overdose you should expect to be treated. If you really want to die then do it in the woods. It was clearly wrong to allow KW to die. I would have liked to have heard her story in detail; there was surely some abuse in the background.
Here's the diary Storr ignored "I get the impression people aren't taking my feelings as a major part of my problems ..."
Dr Grumble said...
Thank you, Kate. As Dr No and I have said we need patients with stories like yours to explain to the lawyers and armchair ethicists why they are wrong.
For some reason these people just won't believe doctors. They seem to have got it into their heads that doctors are hell-bent on keeping people alive who no longer wish to be treated. Enzyme's question "Is there any refusal of life-saving treatment that you would respect?" shows how they perceive us. But we are not talking about the sort of people who take themselves to Dignitas. We are talking about people who pitch up in hospital having taken an overdose who, at the time, say they want to die but in the future will be glad they were brought back to life.
Although Enzyme seems disbelieving it is beyond doubt that there are vast numbers of these people. While your story, Kate, may be unique there are many others who are equally glad doctors saved their lives at a time that they though life was not worth living.
the a&e charge nurse said...
Kate Middleton the MCA is said to be driven by "respect for autonomy" (for better or worse).
I don't think patient's can have it both ways?
Either they ARE free to choose, even if they choose badly (assuming they are capacitated), or, Doctors, by virtue of their clinical experience, know best and will treat on the principle of 'best interest'.
You said it was 'wrong' to let KW die, presumably because you believe respect for autonomy cannot be applied in ALL circumstances?
It may be that a % of patients who have taken a potentially lethal overdose come to hospital, not to be saved, but so that they do not die alone, or suffer distressing symptoms? - in other words, there may be an expectation that palliation should still be available to them, even though this may be very difficult for clinical staff?
Dr Grumble said...
That is the nub of the problem, a&e charge nurse, and shows why it is that we would have been better trusting to case law than having things dictated to us by the MCA.
Patients and lawyers think that we should be allowed to decide our own fate and that doctors should be obliged to follow the wishes of their patients. At the same time patients like Kate are glad they were treated at a time when their sanity was not in question yet they wanted to die.
How many of us would be comfortable if our teenage daughter took an overdose after breaking up with her boyfriend, wrote a suicide note and was allowed to die in the local hospital because the doctors felt her wishes should be followed?
the a&e charge nurse said...
Incidentally, Dr Grumble, are you suggesting there is a hierarchy of opinion in which those of a doctor trump those of an 'armchair ethicist?
Many stories circulate about the behaviour of doctors (and nurses) when it comes to how patients die, ranging from DNR orders that are decided without ever involving the patient, to thousands of cases of so called 'slow euthanasia'
It goes without saying the Mental Capacity Act begins with the principle of awarding the biggest say to patients themselves - although as Jack Nicholson says in "A few good men" - "you (the patient) can't handle the truth"?
Dr No said...
I had a look at KW's case through the "lens" of the DPP's guidance on prosecuting cases of assisted suicide here (I am fully aware no charges have been brought, but thought the exercise worthwhile in it's own right).
Item (3) of the factors favouring prosecution reads:
The victim did not have a clear, settled and informed wish to commit suicide; for example, the victim’s history suggests that his or her wish to commit suicide was temporary or subject to change.
KW was very fickle in her plans to die - she was certainly not settled in her wish.
It seems she chose the wrong day/hospital...another time, another place, and she might have lived...
A postcode lottery for completed suicide? That can't be right.
Dr Grumble said...
Let's put it this way. If I go to the garage to have my car fixed I prefer to take advice from the mechanic with an oily rag in his hand than the bimbo at the desk who plainly has never seen the underside of a car.
The lawyers and armchair ethicists seem to think that it is common sense that the patient's view should be paramount but those of us who have to roll up our sleeves and deal with problems for real realise that it is not quite as simple as that as I hope Kate's contribution has made clear.
Doctors should not feel ashamed about questioning a law which seems to require us to allow competent suicidal patients to die even when we have good reason to think that if we keep them alive they will one day be grateful to us.
the a&e charge nurse said...
Dr No - I cannot think of any medical condition unaffected by post code lottery.
Maybe you are alluding to the persuasive powers, or tenacity of doctors involved in these difficult kinds of cases?
As you know charismatic personalities are generally more adept at exerting a certain kind of influence (and are thus more likely to get their own way), but of course it is very difficult to legislate for 'charisma'.
Dr Grumble - I am with you on the theory/practice divide.
I have wrestled with patients (preventing them from leaving A&E, etc) not because I am a bully, but because I believed I was acting in their best interest, and until the KW case, regarded such actions as within the law.
Now I'm not sure - but there is one factor that tends to favour NHS staff.
There is no objective, or measurable test for 'capacity' - if staff HONESTLY believe a patient is incapacitated (temporarily) because of the level of emotional arousal, effects of drugs or alcohol, or possible psychiatric symptoms (distorted cognitions due to depression, etc) then we have the law on our side if we impose treatment applying the 'best interest' principle.
Patients may complain about infringement to autonomy but I would argue that a visit to A&E is an implied request for help - and in the context of impulsive self-harm there are almost always enough unknowns/imponderables to argue that (on balance) it is best to assume temporary lack of capacity unless there are very good reasons to think otherwise
Kate Middleton said...
the a&e charge nurse said...
Surely patients cannot have it both ways.
I think that these situations are not black and white and where there is the least doubt in a case like KWs the doctor should treat to save life. It is unreasonable and wrong to expect palative care if you are a youngish woman.
KW had been labelled and stigmatised with an "emotionally unstable personality disorder". As Professor Judith Lewis Herman has pointed out in Trauma and Recovery
(a brilliant book) "Borderline" PD - (which is the same thing) is little more than a sophisticated insult.People - usually women- with these labels often get badly treated by "caregivers".
In my experience, it is practically impossible to get any constructive assistance for complex PTSD on the NHS; this is injury rather than illness. The options are clueless GP counsellors or coercive shrinks.
There is a consistent pattern of compassionate, literate GPs in my records over the last 27 years and abusive shrinks. The GPs all recognised trauma but never correctly attributed it to abuse by psychiatists, starting when I was 17. So I wonder how much useful help KW had?
I know a couple of people under the "care" of shrinks (thank God,I'm not) one said that she felt like a "Guinea pig" the other that he feels like a "lab rat". Under those circumstances, life can seem not worth living, especially when the diagnosis socially maginalises someone.
There is a huge difference between someone old and/or with an incurable disease deciding to die and a relatively young woman like KW. Note the comment above from anonymous with "bipolar" about cutting him/herself hoping someone will help and nobody cares. He/she just gets put in a mental hospital.
Someone like that, given constructive assistance in the first place (people do recover from bipolar)might go on to live a good life. The feeling that 'nobody cares' could drive the person into spirals of despair which lead to suicide.
the a&e charge nurse said...
Agreed, Kate, perhaps I was not making myself clear when using terms like 'palliation'.
To recap, the MCA gives primacy to patients providing they are not lacking in capacity (and the Act assumes ALL adults are competent until proven otherwise).
But the Act does not stipulate that treatment should be withdrawn (by medical staff) once a patient refuses life saving treatment - patients are still perfectly entitled to request palliation of unpleasant symptoms (vomiting, stomach pain, breathing problems, etc) which is NOT the same as life saving treatment (such as administering an antidote to an anti-freeze overdose, for example).
In short the Act over-rides the ethical principles of doctors/nurse who argue that in reality they are facilitating suicide - many of us, including myself do not think this is the right thing to do either for patients or staff.
Dr Grumble said...
Agreed, a&e charge nurse, the question of capacity is the way out here. Dr G has argued that elsewhere. The guidance notes for the MCA support that approach.
Kate, you plainly have a much better understanding of the problems doctors face than the armchair ethicists. You are so right to point out that there is a huge difference between someone old and/or with an incurable disease deciding to die and a relatively young woman like KW.
Dr No said...
A&E Charge Nurse - "In short the Act over-rides the ethical principles of doctors/nurse who argue that in reality they are facilitating suicide"
I'm sure many feel that they would be facilitating a suicide but I don't thing the MCA provides cover because assissted suicde is specifically excluded in S62:
"For the avoidance of doubt, it is hereby declared that nothing in this Act is to be taken to affect the law relating to murder or manslaughter or the operation of section 2 of the Suicide Act 1961 (c. 60) (assisting suicide)."
Kate Middleton said...
Dr Grumble, Thank you so much for saying that I have an understanding of the practical problems facing doctors.
I do think the question of capacity is critical here and as charge nurse points out allowing someone like KW to die is the wrong thing to do for patients and staff. If you allow someone like that to die, you never know whether life might have radically improved in the future.
After all, she had been 'diagnosed' with an 'emotionally unstable personality disorder'. I do not accept the validity of such a diagnosis but, at the same time, it does suggest that her wish to die might have been temporary.
In my experience, much of the problem lies with the extremely poor manner in which 'mental health problems' such as depression are dealt with by the medical profession and applying stigmatising labels to people which suggest that states are permanent and there is no hope of recovery.
I do some practical experience working with a young man who had been 'diagnosed' with all kinds of problems:autism/Aspergers, dyslexia, dyspraxia etc who was doing a university course.
My approach was the opposite of the psychiatrists who had been pathologising him. I would listen carefully and systematically point out what was right with him rather that what was wrong with him. It was most interesting one day when he turned to me and said, 'you are not like the rest of them, you don't hate me'.
The poor chap had been dragged around to be "assessed" by various professionals who tend to observe rather than engage with people, intent on "diagnosing" them with various 'illnesses' that they intend to treat with drugs or "psycho/the/rapy". It was interesting to observe a positive response from firm, consistent and positive support. CBT techniques were particularly useful.
He did, in fact, become suicidal at one point and I knew that the the departments response was critical. Under such circumstances, by doing nothing one is just as guilty of aiding and abetting a suicide as actively doing something. Unfortunately, my "manager", a notorious and incompetent bully, chose to be dismissive in spite of never having met him.
I wrote a long letter pointing out breaches in health & safety laws etc and was sacked. He ended up in a mental hospital. So I do have some practical understanding of staff being put in unfair positions.
I do understand the meaning of palative care and associate it with an old person/someone with an incurable illness being allowed to die with their pain being eased.
It seems to me to be madness to apply the same principle to a young woman presenting having made a suicide attempt regardless of what she has put in writing. And very unfair to expect people who have gone into a profession to save lives to stand around and watch her die.
There needs to be a firm principle established that if you turn up at A & E, you should expect to be saved - for everyones sake.
Enzyme said...
Doctors Grumble and No both seem to have quite an impoverished view of moral debate... It's not a straightforward case of deontology vs consequentialism, since neither of those approaches to a moral problem will be unified in the answer generated. Each term describes a sort of technique, but the details might still vary (most obviously, there might be a different answer generated by act- and rule-consequentialists).
Nor is it the case that ethicists or lawyers automatically take the patient's view as beyond criticism - at least, none worth his salt does.
Of course, people should be questioning all laws. That's not the same as ignoring them, or being a denialist about the motivation behind them...
Finally, I think that the criticism of deontology articulated by Dr No boils down to either "deontology is wrong because I disagree with it", or "deontology is wrong because it's not consequentialism", and neither of those responses is at all convincing...
Julie said...
No, I think Dr No's critisism of deontology boils down to; 'Deontology is not flexible enough to deal with the variety of situations that cross our path and can end up leaving a 26 year old dead.'
A perfectly reasonable conclusion to make and one which has been made by several philosophers, the most famous being John Stuart Mill in his essays on utilitarianism. But I think you knew that already, Enzyme.
the a&e charge nurse said...
The bottom line, Enzyme, is that doctors and nurses (in the main) have great difficulty standing by while a patient in crises tries to kill themselves.
For this reason we will look for a set of principles (or philosophical theory) supporting our position.
The 'best interest' paradigm is an extremely useful framework in my opinion.
Personally I think it is difficult (if not impossible) to PROVE with absolute certainty in every case that a patient, by virtue of being in a 'crises', was not overwhelmed, at least temporarily, thus impairing capacity?
Surely if there is doubt we must act in the best interest of the patient - in A&E we have no more than 4 hours to address these delicate issues.
Dr No said...
My latest reply to Enzyme became more a post in its own right - so have posted it here. It is the best I can do to show how and why the MCA is fails - and so how and why those who seek its shelter have got it wrong.
Anonymous said...
Excellent reply you have linked to, Dr No. It brings up the concept of 'dispositional autonomy' which is an attempt to look at the previously stated wishes of someone when they are unable to currently make a decision - looking at their overall 'life direction' / goals / etc. This concept can and should be used in these situations and I think does have some ethically justifiable weight behind it. Agree the law is fine superficially but (being a deontological construct) falls down in these difficult situations. On the other hand, what would you change it to? Hard cases make bad law and all that....
Enzyme said...
Julie - Only reasonable if you've decided that outcomes of a certain sort are the parameter by which moral decisions ought to be judged. If you don't accept that, then you'll disagree. So there's a metaethical dispute at the core of things here - one to do with whether the consequentialists or the non-cons have got their moral theory right. And to settle that, you can't go pointing to the consequences in a given situation without begging the question.
Dr No said...
Anon - interesting that the idea of "dispositional autonomy" is already out there. But I can see it stumbling a bit when the dispositional clashes with the current autonomous choice unless one bites the bullet and accepts that autonomy is not always aligned with best interests.
What would I change? I've written a reply to a comment on my blog that covers this in more detail, but in essence my view is that when the capcitous individual refuses treatment and in so doing is likely to lead to their death then there needs to be an additional test that shows that their descision is a settled decision.
Dr No said...
Enzyme commented as I was writing one. Julie's "Dr No's critisism of deontology boils down to; 'Deontology is not flexible enough to deal with the variety of situations that cross our path and can end up leaving a 26 year old dead.'" is 100% right. Dr No has always distrusted rules (and so deontology) for 1001 reasons (not least the one of who makes the rules) but the clincher for Dr No is deontology is first cousin to Nazism. Once rules matter more than people, and what happens to people, then anything goes.
Julie said...
Ah, I see we're onto dear old Euthyphro or a variation of it anyway.
Or to put it in the terms of this argument 'Is a judgement approved by law because it is moral, or is it moral because it is approved by the law?'
If you take the view that judgements are moral because they are approved by the law/ethicists/whatever, then Dr No is indeed begging the question, as are you. In such a situation, there is no such thing as right or wrong; only the majority opinion. If on the other hand you take the view that there is such a thing as right and wrong regardless of what is in fashion, then Dr No is not begging the question; he has simply decided that the law is an ass and stuck to the more reliable principle of 'First do no harm.'
Underpinning your argument Enzyme, is a tacit assumption that objectivity is 'right' and subjectivity is 'wrong'. I think you should examine that assumption. It is possible to be 'objective' in a discussion such as this. It is not possible to be 'objective' in the real world; a decision has to be taken one way or the other. Life is subjective and as we say in Scotland, 'Things maun be some wey'.
I'll use that as my 'am I pissed' test next time I've had too much...
Dr Grumble said...
There is an excellent comment here by the Shrink. His essential point is that the Mental Capacity Act is a good act and the problems are with its interpretation. Dr No essentially agrees. And so does Dr Grumble.
Given how common it is to find oneself dealing with somebody who wants to kill themselves it is disappointing that this situation is not one of the examples explicitly dealt with in the Code of Practice. The Code does suggest that someone being suicidal raises questions about their capacity but against this we have lawyers and coroners and ethicists praising doctors for their approach in the KW case which superficially appears somewhat similar to the everyday cases we see in the Emergency Department.
Julie said...
I think the trouble with the MCA is that you can interpret it any way you please. On the one hand, you could say that KW didn't have a valid AD and so you act in the 'best interest' of the patient and treat. Or you take the view that 'because a patient makes an unwise decision does not make it an invalid one' and as she has asked for treatment to be withheld, you follow that. Either decision is equally valid under the MCA and that is bad law.
One thing that I did not realise, is that the reason that KW was not treated under the Mental Health Act, was because the condition that was to be treated was a physical one (the effects from the overdose). This meant that it had to be dealt with under the MCA, even although it was KW's mental condition that led to the overdose. This is important, because under the MHA you can give treatment against the will of the patient; under the MCA you cannot. I think the MCA needs to go back to Parliament for amendment. Some of the everyday stuff re consent is ok, but on matters such as this it's confused and unclear.
Dr No said...
Julie - you can treat a physical disorder under the MHA as long as it is related to the mental disorder that is causing the detention. So - if KW had been detained, then the MHA could have allowed treatment of her self-poisoning which arose from her mental disorder. If she was not detainable, then she could not have been treated under the MHA. The relevant section is S63.
The other things is that if either act might apply, then the MHA normally trumps the MCA.
the a&e charge nurse said...
" ......... you can treat a physical disorder under the MHA as long as it is related to the mental disorder that is causing the detention".
Yes and no, Dr No - according to one consultant, psychiatrist, Dr Curtis, " .......an overdose is not a symptom of mental disorder, but a consequence of mental disorder. The Mental Health Act allows one to treat the causes (e.g. thyrotoxicosis) and symptoms of mental disorder. The latest edition of the Code of Practice makes this very explicit, and recommends that if there is doubt legal advice should be sought".
There is a fascinating debate on this topic here;
x3 cases are sometimes cited to illustrate these complexities;
i. In addition to B v Croydon HA ([1995] Fam 133), which is mentioned by Mumford & Mumford (11 July 1999), there are at least three cases which bear upon Hassan et al's well-constructed hypothetical scenario. The solution to the problem, however, seems to require that we do not overlook how the circumstances of Hassan et al's would-be suicide differ from those of the patients in some of the best-known and most important consent cases.
Re C (Adult: Refusal of Treatment) ([1994] 1 WLR 290) concerned a patient who was diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic. C, who was a diabetic, developed gangrene in his foot, but refused to consent to amputation. Was his refusal 'valid'? If C lacked sufficient capacity to make a genuinely autonomous decision, then nonconsentual treatment would not have been unlawful. Why? Because the doctors could justify their otherwise unlawful touching in terms of acting in the patient's best interests, consistent with Hunter/Bolam principles. As it happened, the court found that C was capable of making a meaningful judgement about this aspect of his medical care. Treatment in defiance of his competent refusal would have attracted liability.
Re W (A Minor) (Medical Treatment: Court's Jurisdiction) ([1993] Fam 64) centred on the fate of an anorexic 16-year-old female, who refused attempts to feed her, and who failed to be persuaded that relocation to a specialist hospital would be to her benefit. The court in this case held that the disorder in question significantly diminishes capacity for rational choice - i.e., such acute, transient diminution of the capacity for genuinely autonomous decision-making is 'part of the condition of anorexia nervosa itself' (Davies M 1998 Textbook on Medical Law, 2nd ed., London: Blackstone Press, p.136), and force-feeding is in such cases an ineliminable (if unfortunate) part of autonomy-restoration treatment. In any case, the immanent threat to her health and life - and her diminished capacity for informed choosing - meant that the imposition of such treatment as was indicated was not unlawful, even in the absence of her consent.
St George's Healthcare NHS Trust v S (1998) (The Times Law Report 8 May 1998) required the courts to face squarely the issue of a refusal to undergo a caesarean section, where this was clearly indicated (foetal/maternal life was at risk). Despite her protests (S insisted upon a vaginal delivery - preferably in a barn in Wales) S was sectioned under the Mental Health Act 1983, and the caesarean was carried out.
Dr No said...
I agree it's grey: but that is what we need. Strict rules aways fail because there is always the exception that breaks the rule.
What we have here is an argument between state rules (law) and professional discretion. When I take my overdose, I hope I will be managed by a discrete profession, and not by a government rule.
Dr No said...
Having furthered reviewed the BMJ's Rapid Responses linked to above, and the cases mentioned above, I continue to think that where there is uncertainty (ie where we do not have an obviously sane and capacitous individual with a settled intent to commit suicide); the balance swings in favour of treatment.
While it is true the courts have decided both ways (which in and of itself strongly suggests the matter is not settled), there is a bias in favour of treatment. Even the notable well known exception - Re C (Adult: Refusal of Treatment) ([1994] 1 WLR 290) - was grey: part of the patient's delusional system had him as a great doctor competent to make his own decsions...
My earlier comment (16:20 yesterday) was carefully worded: can, not must; could, not should. These areas are so grey that there needs to be room for the individual discretion of the doctor at the bedside. An absolute, definitive legal answer to all cases is too rigid (hard cases make bad law - although for doctors it is ironically the probably the other way round - hard cases make better medicine - because we can learn from them).
Section 63 of the MHA (as amended) reads:
63 Treatment not requiring consent
The consent of a patient shall not be required for any medical treatment given to him for the mental disorder from which he is suffering, not being a form of treatment to which section 57, 58 or 58A above applies, if the treatment is given by or under the direction of the approved clinician in charge of the treatment. (S57/58 being drastic treatment that requires a second opinion)
The key point is what constitutes the borders of "the medical disorder from which he is suffering"? It can - and has - been argued that a physical condition that causes of results from the mental disorder is part of that disorder. I fully appreciate this is all semantics - but it is that semantic laxity that allows us to act.
A couple of quotes from the Rapid Responses sum up what I believe to be the common - and correct - medical opinion:
"However, it would be the worst sort of defensive medicine to fail to provide the life-saving treatment that is a distressed young woman’s human right, because of a fear of the remote possibility of falling foul of the law of battery."
"The way I teach it to my trainees is as follows: I would rather be sued for battery than for wrongful death."
Dr Curtis's stringent assertions are the exception, not the rule.
Another interesting point is made by a philosopher/lawyer (where are the sensible ones this time round?):
"...one cannot safely move from the fact that X insists that she wants to die and/or the fact that she refuses treatment which would thwart her (alleged) desire, to the conclusion that X does genuinely want to kill herself and/or that she did intend to kill herself by means of the overdose. She might have intended any number of things...It is difficult to accept that anyone genuinely wanting to commit suicide - which, again, is not the same as genuinely 'wanting to die/be dead' - would run the risk of frustrating that objective by putting himself in arm's reach of nurses and doctors..."
Again - the uncertainty dominates.
These Rapid Responses were posted a decade ago. It seems a pity we haven't really moved on very much - apart from getting to the point where a woman in her twenties was allowed to die...
The Shrink said...
"I think the trouble with the MCA is that you can interpret it any way you please." - Julie
"I agree it's grey: but that is what we need. Strict rules aways fail because there is always the exception that breaks the rule." - Dr No
That's why I like it. You can apply a common sense approach, interpreted in a range of ways, that's congruent with the MCA 2005, so your practice is lawful.
The law supports good practice, rather than clinical care being compromised to support direction of a rigid law.
Clinicans get to work as they wish, the law supports a range of sensible parctice (rather than directing one absolute How It Shalt Be) and everyone can win.
I like it.
the a&e charge nurse said...
"Clinicans get to work as they wish".
Was this really true of the doctors in the KW case, Shrink?
Having listened in detail to the views of Dr No & Dr Grumble it seems to me they are both arguing that the issue of imposing, or not imposing treatment (following assessment of capacity) is based on too narrow a time frame?
Put simply experience tells us time and time again that a significant number of patients change their minds (about wanting to commit suicide) and are grateful that they have been supported by medical staff during a crises (even if medical staff have behaved paternalistically).
Basing life and death decisions on such a narrow time frame seems to be a dangerous flaw within the MCA and one that contributed toward the death of a young woman like KW?
Dr No said...
A&E Charge Nurse - "Basing life and death decisions on such a narrow time frame seems to be a dangerous flaw within the MCA " - I agree - it is but a snapshot. Hence my suggestion (back on BadMed) that the answer might be an additional test in the case of life-threatening refusals to establish that the decision is a settled decision, and not a whim of the moment. I can also see other advantages to adding such a test in such cases...
The Shrink said...
A&E Charge Nurse, in the KW case they chose to do things in a certain way. I'd suggest that they could have done things differently, but still been congruent with the MCA 2005. Practice can be supported by the MCA 2005, rather than the MCA 2005 directing specific decisions/outcomes on specific issues of clinical care.
It's a grey area, healthcare professionals are used to living with uncertainty (in diagnosis, prognosis and most elements of practice) so it's not too challenging to formultate (and consequently frame things) in the way you'd wish, that's in your patient's best interests.
Julie said...
I think there's too much choice in the MCA, Shrink.
If they had opted to keep KW alive, that probably would have been allowed. But they chose to let her die and that was also allowed and judged as a correct decision.
What bothers me is how much of this decision was due to management being fed up with a regular self harmer clogging up A&E. If this had been KW's first time in A&E, would they have stood back and let her die? I'm not sure that they would.
Ironically, it's the one 'inflexible' feature in the MCA that led to all the confusion. ADs now have a statutory, rather than an advisory status, and at the time, the discussion was round whether KW's note was an AD or not. It wasn't, and it may be in future that it will not carry this kind of weight; on the other hand it may fall under 'patients wishes and feelings'.
Sam said...
I like it."
You're taking the argument back to square one The Shrink! This is what this whole debate is about; this law allowed room for manouver which led to the death of a physically healthy 26 year old 'In Hospital' while the doctors who could have saved her life stood by and allow it to happen!
When things like that happen, one understands why laws 'have to be' rigid when it comes to matters of life and death; because while you may act sensibly, others won't
This law is flawed! Big time!
Dr No said...
Shrink - Sam makes a good point, and one that Dr No and Witch Doctor (sadly currently not with us) would agree with: some people cannot be trusted. That is the lesson of history.
I have always felt (this is no criticism, just observation) that you are of the Julian of Norwich (!ironic) way - eg your "About Me":
I work with fantastic people. All is well with the world, in my wee corner of it. I am happy.
The trouble is that there are other wee corners, where things are not so well...
I don't think (as yet) you have expressed a view on how you would manage a patient like KW. It would be very interesting to hear what your approach would be!
Anonymous said...
My feeling is that the law pushed the doctors in the KW case into allowing Kerrie to die. The hospital's solicitors were involved and we know that there are many lawyers who take the view that legally the management of the case was correct.
Her life had been saved nine times in the previous year. What had changed in that time? It was the introduction of the Mental Capacity Act which enabled the hospital solicitors to read across from statutes when previously they would have been reliant on much vaguer case law - which would probably have meant that doctors wouldn't even have consulted the lawyers.
According to the Telegraph: "Experts said that before the new laws came in, doctors faced with a similar case to Miss Wooltorton’s would have been likely to insist the patient be treated."
If that is the case the law is surely a bad one. But is it bad law or bad interpretation of the law? If KW had really wanted to die does it really make sense that she appeared in the hospital - as she had done on every one of the nine previous occasions when she was treated? Nobody in their right mind would go to hospital if they didn't want treatment. Which means that KW was not in her right mind. In other words there must have been enough doubt about KW's capacity to have permitted her treatment. This should have been apparent to both the lawyers and the doctors involved in the decision making.
The problem was caused by a new law which was poorly interpreted.
Sam said...
" is it bad law or bad interpretation of the law?"
Both, because a law that allows itself to be misinterpreted is flawed
And I agree with you anonymous, this young woman had no capacity to decide nor would she have gone to hospital if she really wanted to die
Hence, if she would have been treated and her life was saved had their been no Capacity Act 2005, then that act is, again, flawed because laws are not made to harm but to protect from harm ... this act just did the opposite.
(Allowing a terminally ill patient to choose to die is still protecting that individual from harm, in the form of having to endure extreme suffering and pain if not allowed the choice, while in this case this senario did not exist)
Julie said...
If the coroner and the court had come out at the end of their deliberations and said, 'The clinicians misinterpreted the intentions of the MCA, for which we do not blame them, but we do not want this to occur again and make it clear that the MCA cannot be used like this,' then I would feel a lot easier about this. OR if they had said, 'The clinicians should have used the Mental Health Act in this case rather than the MCA,' then I wouldn't have a problem. It's the fact that the coroner and the court have said that that the clinicians took the correct decision that bothers me. It implies that the MCA a) was the correct act to use b)that the correct conclusion was reached using it. I really wish I could see a transcript of the judgement somewhere; it would help. But not even that's available and in such a vital case as well.
Kiwi Survivor said...
I have visited A&E more times than I can remember (literally - I gave myself short-term memory loss) for overdoses. At the time, I wanted to die more than anything else in the world. I have enough reason - I was abused as a child and abandoned - but even when I pleaded with the staff to just let me die, they still saved me. And I believe they were right. I was screaming for help; I just didn't know it at the time. The fact that the help hardly ever appeared is a subject for another time.
I believe that if I had truly wanted to die, subconsciously as well as consciously, I would have chosen something more reliable and permanent. Walk in front of a train or something. But I didn't, and really all I wanted was for the pain to go away, not the world.
For goodness' sake, she called an ambulance. She was imposing her fate on the conscence of others, which is brutally unfair. The natural instinct of the human being is to do all in their power to save another in distress, and her survival was predicated on this instinct. Perhaps she was even relying on it, as her illness twisted her in ever more complicated knots. I cannot place any blame upon those who attended her, because they were put in an untenable position. But I also think that if someone who had been in her position was in attendance, they would have made the decision to save her. I would.
Dr Grumble said...
Thank you, Kiwi Survivor. You have put your point very well. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '317', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9776421785354614}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '171967', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QEWTWTW3AWZD24EY2NTI36TFKBZMS3TE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:6af672c5-000d-414c-ba34-2d1757f7b266>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 8, 27, 4, 51, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.58.218.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:5OVXHIRHXTCTNOZYHFJWIQVJP4Z4DOYY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e7365c57-5dcd-44f1-855d-0ca56a0773a2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://drgrumble.blogspot.com/2009/12/any-clinician-will-tell-you.html?showComment=1260276506272', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c1f230fb-13e2-47ef-90ab-b04666c3a001>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '9485', 'url': 'http://drgrumble.blogspot.com/2009/12/any-clinician-will-tell-you.html?showComment=1260276506272', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-36\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04060250520706177', 'original_id': 'a5da95c5bd63952d6af80ebe277acc1ac209753c12e36c40084c79d2d2b948a7'} |
Something of the nighy
As a youth, he ran off to Persia and Paris. As a young actor constantly on tour, he developed a raging drink problem. Now one of Britain's best-loved stars, he says he wishes he'd been a writer. Miranda Sawyer reveals why Bill Nighy can't sit still
Something of the nighy
There's a Marianne Faithfull song, written by Jarvis Cocker, that reminds me of Bill Nighy; it's called 'Sliding Through Life On Charm'. Nighy is a remarkably charming man, so effortlessly charismatic that, even though you know he worked hard to get where he is today, you can't quite believe he ever lifted an eyebrow, let alone a finger. He manages to make everything - acting, living, both together - seem so easy and amusing.
But then, he is a brilliant actor: really, his long legs have been paddling away like mad for years, underpinning that smooth glide, those unruffled feathers, keeping him afloat.
He's admitted to crippling self-consciousness and nerves, and though he tells me, 'I am a world-class procrastinator. I'm only an actor because I've been putting off being a writer for 35 years,' he procrastinates by being manically active, rather than vegging out and staring at the telly.
As a youth, he kept running off, to Persia and Paris; as a young actor, he toured around the country and developed a raging booze problem; as a theatre luvvie, he worked constantly at the National; as a suddenly popular screen name, he doesn't seem to have paused for breath. In the past four years you could have caught Nighy in nine movies, including I Capture the Castle, Underworld, Shaun of the Dead, and Love Actually, and eight TV roles, from The Canterbury Tales to State of Play. And he's made more - he's just back from filming a BBC drama with Miranda Richardson, directed by Steven Poliakoff - but they're not out yet.
Of his recent roles, the two most feted are his world-weary news paper editor Cameron Foster, in State of Play, and raddled rocker Billy Mack, in Love Actually. Not that they are better than any of his other performances (he is amazingly consistent): the first got press attention because it was in an excellent series that portrayed journalists as having more morals than politicians (us hacks love that one), and the second stood out, I think, because, along with Emma Thompson, Nighy saved the Richard Curtis smug-fest from complete insufferability.
Anyway, they shoved him on to the national radar; now, people come up in the street and tell him he's lovely. 'It's very, very nice,' he offers, lounging in a chair in the penthouse suite at St Martin's Hotel; legs out, back curved, relaxed, yet active, like a stretched-out spring. 'Blokes call me "top man", and people smile when they see me, perhaps because I've played a sad old rocker - twice now - and it's a new character, because we never had old rockers before, and people are affectionate about them, because they're comic and they're still standing. Like me.' He's uncomfortable talking about his popularity: 'I speculate to be sociable, but it's a very big deal for me that any work I do should be well received. As for how people generally perceive me, I don't know.' He puts his specs on, then takes them off.
In Nighy's 30-plus-year career (he's 54) he's never had a bad review - 'Not a really terrible one, no. God, that makes me nervous' - and he's not about to get one for his latest film offering, Enduring Love, directed by Roger Notting Hill Michell, from the Ian McEwan novel. The film stars Daniel Craig, Samantha Morton and Rhys Ifans, with Nighy and Susan Lynch providing the warm counterpart to the central madness.
Essentially, they represent straightforward, stable, ordinary love as opposed to obsession or lust, or does-not-compute detachment. Nighy enjoyed that: 'It was refreshing to play somebody who's uncomplicatedly OK. It's not often I get to play those kinds of parts.'
In fact, he says, because he has played 'so many bullshitters, I'm used to trying to sell things as a lie. I have a criminal mentality, from an actorly point of view. Roger had to pull me up and say: "Why don't you try doing it honestly?"'
Nighy likes being directed: 'There was a time when you were supposed to question everything the director said, to create some kind of conflict, out of which creativity would be born. But I love it when they tell you what to do, you know: "Start there, walk over there, say the line and I'll shout: Cut!" I think it's groovy. When we were filming with Steven Poliakoff, his first note to me - he prefaced it with: "That was marvellous", which is always a good start - anyway, his note was: "Don't wiggle your eyes about so much," and you know, my heart leapt. Because I know that. I know how to not make my eyes wiggle about.'
There he goes again, making it all sound easy. In fact, Nighy is much more tightly wound than his nonchalance would suggest; he's obsessed with details, anally retentive. You can tell by the way he dresses: which is beautifully. When I say to him, I'd like to talk to you about your clothes, he almost whoops with joy, and we spend a good 20 minutes on suits, including which buttons to do up on your jacket: 'Middle: always. Top: sometimes. Bottom: never. Younger men do this unbearable thing where they do all three buttons up, and you just want to kill them.'
Recently, for work, Nighy had a suit made at Alfred Dunhill, and he had long conversations with Martin, the tailor. Martin put him straight on a few things. Nighy has always liked a pleat in his trouser front - 'I feel I'm too long around for the flat-fronted trouser' - but he wanted to team this with a single-vented jacket, and Martin got upset. 'I said: "Well, are we breaking any laws?" And he said: "No, but you're breaking my heart."'
They spent hours in discussion: two-button jacket with pleated trouser (never); the problem of the double vent (makes your bottom look big). Nighy loved it: 'If you'd told me when I was a kid that I would be having that conversation, I'd have arranged to be more cheerful throughout my life.' When he was young, Nighy was a Mod - 'Ravel loafers, Madras jacket, Fred Perry, John Smedley'; he still buys a midnight-blue Smedley V-neck every year - and he spent his first wages, when he was a teenage messenger boy for The Field magazine, on pastel-coloured mohair jumpers from William Bill. So it must feel weird that he's constantly cast as these ridiculous old Seventies types, all hair and spangles and terrible trousers. 'Oh God, when I did Still Crazy! They put me in trousers that didn't meet my top! Never in my life ... You think: If this isn't funny, I will kill myself.'
Of course it was funny: award-winningly funny, in fact - earning him the 1998 Peter Sellers Award for Comedy Performance. Nighy is hilarious. Even when he plays sad or evil characters, there's a wicked humour behind them, a knowing glint that makes you giggle. He's quite obsessive about that, as well: 'If you're in a play and you have the same jokes to deliver, eight times a week, it's endlessly fascinating, just trying to hit it each time, and maybe a little bit quicker, a little bit later, trying to feel the air in which you're about to place it. To have 400 people laugh at the same time, you would go to your grave trying to get it right. And it's also very glamorous when it's on film, because you're not there. I love it when a producer phones up and says: "It played very well in France. They were laughing." In France.'
Anyhow, I think he gets cast as old rockers because, despite his lean, mean Mod roots, there is something of the wild thing in Nighy. He loves music, especially rhythm and blues, especially The Rolling Stones, and has been told by his agent to stop playing air guitar in photo sessions because he does it so often. One of his recent highlights was singing with Radiohead at a charity do. They did 'Nobody Does It Better': 'And we brought the house down!' he yelps.
The other factor that is very ex-rock star about Nighy is his previous drink-and-drug abuse. When he had just started working in the theatre, in the Seventies, and was itch hiking to Newcastle to paint a set, or to Liverpool to act at the Everyman, his old friends from his home town, Caterham, would try and talk him out of it. 'We used to expand our consciousness on a regular basis, and they'd sit me down and go: "Bill, man, you've got to stop this shit, 'cause these middle-class fuck-pigs, these straights will fuck you up." And I'd say: "Boys, I've got to make a living," and they'd say: "We can make money, sell some hash, you know. Bill, you want to talk about theatre? The Stones is theatre, man. You want acting? Walking through customs with a couple of kilos - that's acting."'
After a few more years of chemical experimentation and alcohol certainty, Nighy found himself with a problem. He's been clean for 12 years now and hates talking about 'my drink-and-drugs hell', but offers: 'It's exhausting if you discover that you have a taste for things mood altering. I don't think you have to have a particular desire - I think you're built one way or you're built the other, and I'm built that way. I don't smoke now, which is marvellous. My only addictions are caffeine and sugar.'
That's not so bad.
'Yes, but with me, it all ends up ... I can't have any breaks from it, I can get fucked up on anything you've got, really. I used to drink 18 cans of Diet Coca-Cola on a daily basis - people would just hand it to me when I walked on set, it was embarrassing. I managed to give that up, so now it's caffeine, I suppose.' Despite this, he orders a pot of coffee, and pours it the minute it turns up.
Bill Nighy grew up in Caterham, Surrey, in a house that came with a garage - a real garage, where his dad was works manager. The petrol pumps were outside the family's front door. Nighy remembers sitting on the step, looking at the cars coming in and out. 'My earliest memories involve Swarfega,' he says, 'and Marmite sandwiches, because I used to serve Mass at school twice a week, which meant you had to fast overnight, so that your body was available for the body of Christ. And after you'd served, you didn't have to work in your first lesson, and you could sit there, in class, in front of everyone else, having a cup of tea and a Marmite sandwich.' The rewards of performance.
He's not a practising Catholic any more. 'Not since I started combing my hair and worrying about my trousers. About 14, 15.' It was around that time that his dad let him paint his room any colour he wanted: Nighy chose red on one wall, purple on another and a lime green on a third - 'a disastrous first design decision'. No posters, except one of Celia Hammond on the inside of his wardrobe. It sounds like a room to make you go mad, I suggest, but actually he just used to read. There weren't many books in his home - the collected works of Dickens that his dad had won from the Daily Express, and a glossary of the world - but Nighy used to buy his own from second-hand shops: Fitzgerald, Joyce, Hemingway. He decided to become a writer, and ran away, with another boy, just before his O-levels, to Persia, to start. They got as far as the south of France, before having to appeal to the British Council to send them back, because they were starving. It cost £25, and he spent years paying his dad back.
Later, when Nighy was offered an opportunity to become a sub-editor for The Field, as opposed to just delivering it, he refused, because he was going to Paris with his friends Brandon and Jamie Jenning, to write the Great British Novel. The first night they were there, they slept underneath the Arc de Triomphe. They were surprised to see the traffic when they woke up. And no, of course, they didn't write anything. He still hasn't.
Which is lucky for us, as he's been filling all that writing time with acting, which he's good at, though it took him years to realise it: 'I kept expecting to be arrested for impersonating an actor.' He only joined Guildford Drama School to impress a girl, and he only kept on with it because people kept trying to put him off. 'You know, there may be periods when you're unemployed. Great. You'll never know what will happen from one minute to the next. Yeah, fabulous. You don't know what money you're going to be making in 25 years' time. Yeah, baby! It's like being a gambler, and when I was 18, that was music.'
But acting, in the end, expanded to fill his whole life: he met his long-term partner, actress Diana Quick, through work 23 years ago, and they have a daughter, Mary, who's apparently making tentative dramatic steps too. Plus, like many natural addicts - it takes a lot of dedicated effort to maintain a habit - it turns out he has a vast capacity for work. And he does love his job. It satisfies so many of his obsessions: the words, the clothes ... 'I even wear a suit for improvisation workshops, rolling around. Well, acting's a white-collar job, you know? You wear a suit.'
It's time for Nighy to leave, and as he does, dashingly, charmingly (kissing me on the cheek, remembering himself to my brother), he comments on the suite decor, which is modern and spare but accessorised strangely, with pashminas on the couch and a ridiculous carved wooden table. It sparks something in him. 'I hate design which has nothing to do with function. When I first went to work and had digs, I would arrange that there was nothing in my room, just a bed and a chair. It was like a cell. And I once saw this thing on the telly where there were these two guys who lived in a minimalist house. Absolutely nothing in it, but they had a deal that if they left their shoes on the stairs in an interesting shape, and they both agreed, they could leave them there. I understand that.' Your house must be tidy.
'Oh no, it's normal, because I live with normal human beings, and two dogs. And I don't do anything useful, like clean.'
Nighy pauses - he's a bit embarrassed,
I think - and then he says, all in a rush:
'There's a bit in Performance, one of my favourite films - with James Fox giving one of my favourite performances - and there's a scene where he's getting ready, and there's a bit where he arranges his Playboy lighter, and the magazines, and the ashtray, perfectly symmetrically aligned on the coffee table, the funky coffee table. And then he gets his tie and his shirt absolutely fabulous, and the hair is right - and I love it with all my heart, and I love the whole movie, and I love him in it...
'And then, he looks in the mirror and says: "I am a bullet." And,' says Nighy, 'my heart goes boom.'
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Hotels in Tsilivi
On the Greek island of Zakynthos, Tsilivi is a major tourist resort. The other name for the area is Planos, and whatever you call it the resort has vibrant nightlife and a general family friendly atmosphere. Stay out late enough and you might get wrapped up in a music-filled, plate-smashing Greek taverna night. A wander away from the taverna-lined central streets will lead you to the more relaxed areas of town.
Experience Greece
Zakynthos (also known as Zante) is the third biggest of the Ionian Islands.
The individual local flavour includes that of the food. Stuffed rabbit is an island speciality, as is spetsofai – a dish of sausages, peppers and aubergine.
The capital of the island is Zante (Zakynthos) Town, a ten-minute drive from Tsilivi. A quarter of the island's population lives here, creating a bustling and busy contrast to some of the quieter area. You can take a ferry from Zante Town to the Greek mainland.
Things to do in Tsilivi
When it's warm and sunny, head to Tsilivi Water Park to have fun and cool off. The park is a holiday resort in its own right, giving you another option alongside Tsilivi hotels.
You can also relax on Tsilivi Beach, which is over a mile long and has Blue Flag status. Half of the beach is for laying towels out, the other half has rows and rows of sun loungers for hire.
Go bowling at Bowl'm Over, which has four lanes, pool tables, mini golf and arcade games. There are two bars, one outside with a veranda so you can make the most of the weather.
At the north end of Tsilivi beach, there's a vardiola – an old Venetian observatory. The wider Vardiola area of the island, named after it, is popular as a wedding venue.
Shopping and souvenirs
If you're in the mood to shop, go in the morning – some stores close at lunchtime and don't open again until the next day. Tsilivi Market is a good place to find Greek souvenirs and jewellery.
Rugs and leather goods are popular items to pick up as souvenirs, as they're usually of a good quality. If you need to fit something smaller in your case, try mantolato (nougat) or bracelets with the Greek ‘evil eye' on them.
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Call us on 0800 093 5555 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '33', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9347750544548036}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '118334', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SS6DTC6V3KREB4SXMHNOBJQNNTKKVEXM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e08e3dfb-b258-4faf-ab37-e76f4fe5e918>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 20, 22, 51, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.18.142.27', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2OSHEMZURN467US3NBMP7DEGD63JK3TP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2fce30e5-6864-4218-bda8-5a293d025f54>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.lastminute.com/hotels/city/hotels-in-Tsilivi-GR', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:58ec2048-ad6b-45b7-8da6-a62c74819332>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '477', 'url': 'https://www.lastminute.com/hotels/city/hotels-in-Tsilivi-GR', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-17\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-247.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02781444787979126', 'original_id': 'df21f730da73a42495eb5bb281cc9e8b3675eb0f35f40a68ac4d496e64074d77'} |
Tuesday, November 11, 2014
on lyrics and past feelings
I don't normally share lyrics here, but I think this is a good exception. Last night, I had a song pretty much fall out of me. I was using the restroom, and a chord progression popped into my head. A vague mumbly idea of lyrics quickly followed, and within about a minute, I had the full chorus assembled. I rushed out to the living room and wrote down the chorus. I had a verse about two minutes later...then another...then a bridge...then a second bridge..all in about twenty minutes total. And they were actually pretty solid lyrics, too; when I typed them up today, I hardly had to change anything.
It was lighting quick, yes--something I wish happened more often--but that's not why I'm telling you this.
If you've read anything at all on this blog, you know that my personal failures on the job market have been a recurring issue. It's one of the reasons why I started this blog: to remind myself that, after so many failures, I still was at least a good writer. Over the years, I have reached a place where I am completely at peace with my career. Honestly, I hardly ever think about it. The other day, though, as I was walking through the building to my car, I saw one of the 80 year old professors in his office...from back in the day when newly minted Ph.D.s were pretty much guaranteed a tenure track position by the time they graduated. Could I, I wondered, ever hope to convince him of what it's like nowadays, where the job market is a crap shoot at best?
I wasn't consciously thinking of this when I wrote the song, but nevertheless, it was obviously bouncing around in my grey matter...because the song is entirely about my failures on the job market. My favorite lines:
now the battle's long gone
and we're the bodies on the ground
ours was but to do or die
victims never make a sound
but I see no poetry
from the fodder's point of view
if I could have the romance beaten out of my head
they can sure as hell do it to you
This is, I wanna make clear, coming from a pretty good place. As I said, I rarely think about it anymore...but I think I needed this distance from those feelings to really capture them. Now hopefully they're out of me.
Let's hope this is one depressing topic I'm done writing about. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9865422248840332}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '98473', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CGVBV5IVHFX7RDCO5USXFTT3KHGNCH64', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:51e21c4c-d870-4542-82f5-e3a1a706faaa>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 23, 8, 56, 31), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.58.217.115', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VBN2PD4PBC7CDTGA5ABYHCQXQQR2KTDH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c10e1da0-5c91-4d5e-8874-33acc11344b2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.themikedubose.com/2014_11_01_archive.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:99a29800-e8da-4893-9720-33c05faedee2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '422', 'url': 'http://www.themikedubose.com/2014_11_01_archive.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-224-210.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-22\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03054910898208618', 'original_id': 'fb780b1ea8cf987facb2235451f0f1b5c8f29025958a6243fdc8a655626c0110'} |
1974–75 Hong Kong FA Cup
1974–75 Hong Kong FA Cup was the first staging of the Hong Kong FA Cup.
The competition started on 23 March 1975 with 13 Hong Kong First Division clubs and 3 other teams from Second and Third Division.
Teams
Caroline Hill
Eastern
Happy Valley
Rangers
Jardines
Kowloon Motor Bus (From the Second Division League)
Kui Tan (From the Third Division League)
Kwong Wah
Mackinnons
Seiko
South China
Telephone
Tsuen Wan (From the Second Division League)
Tung Sing
Urban Services
Yuen Long
Fixtures and results
All times are Hong Kong Time (UTC+8).
Bracket
Final
First Leg
Second Leg
References
HKFA Website, 足總盃回顧(二)
Category:Hong Kong FA Cup
Hong Kong Fa Cup
Fa Cup | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ce0255e3bb3aafb689d0474ca1674c5ff4e961966aedbdd874ecdd294413667c'} |
How To Aviod Spam And Hackers
July 10th, 2011 § 0 comments
My blog gets spammed all the time, so I approve the comments before they are posted. Here are some simple tips to avoid being spammed or hacked, but first, let’s define what spamming and hacking is.
Spam is a term that is used to describe unsolicited email or comments. They are used to distribute hyperlinks of whatever they are selling or promoting to a large number of emails.
Hack is a term that is used to describe the action of someone or something that is trying to illegally break into a secured computer or account. The purpose is to steal personal information to sell, and or use the contact information to perpetuate the process throughout the contact list on the computer.
Hacking is very different than spamming because spam is usually not as destructive. Spam can be the vehicle that delivers the hacking software, but most are links to pharmaceutical or health products.
Who is being affected? Facebook, Twitter, Blog, Email, and other social media users. Let’s look at these for a minute.
I have seen many of my friends get hacked in their Facebook and email accounts. Facebook messages will be addressed to you as if they were specifically written for you, but you may not have spoken to your friend in a while and it seems out of the blue. The message will also seem a little too enthusiastic as if to try and catch you off guard.
Email is another medium that has been hacked. The symptoms usually include (no subject) in the subject line and one sentence accompanied by a hyperlink.
How do you avoid being hacked? Don’t click on links you are not familiar with! Before you click, (Facebook) check the senders wall. Did they only address you or did they send the same link to everyone on the planet?
If you are the victim (sender) of a hacker, the first thing you should do is change your login (if applicable) and password. The hacker has used that information to access your address book to spam others. The last option is to close the account.
Twitter and blogs are a little different. Twitter does not have email addresses that are hidden from view. Followers and those you follow are public knowledge. Most blogs do not have email lists contained in them unless they are sharing a database with a list messenger service.
I receive spam messages to my Twitter and blog accounts daily. You can view my Twitter messages (@ferreirajoseph) by searching the @ sign. The senders usually has no one following them and they are not following anyone. Their accounts are usually a couple hours old, and they already have sent hundreds of messages.
Most of what I am telling you is coming from experience. I personally have not been hacked, but I did have to clean up an account, that I was managing, who had. Use these simple suggestions and you can avoid being spammed and hacked.
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You are currently reading How To Aviod Spam And Hackers at Joseph Ferreira. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '65', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9475756287574768}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '16009', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZIWN7DTQUAQH5NHKHFB4X3U6QRKT6OLB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b8178c75-2fe9-4313-b861-2655488e9530>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 14, 40, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '72.47.228.141', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:5BVWHZYNXVACGTLYHYL4SZOOAZUK64YZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:370fdad2-2a97-4bfc-b634-80db31a9f95f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://blog.jafdatagraphics.com/2011/07/10/how-to-aviod-spam-and-hackers/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3c49c003-6578-49b3-8bdc-b2a2b6b7f47b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '562', 'url': 'http://blog.jafdatagraphics.com/2011/07/10/how-to-aviod-spam-and-hackers/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-165-178-231.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03070211410522461', 'original_id': '780809ccad5bd8ca809699247aa11731e3d313ffb8d2534f6dd0f44ad6995349'} |
Mexico City approves same-sex marriage bill
A gay rights supporter rallies for passage of the bill in front of the Mexico City legislature. Lawmakers approved the bill, 39-20, and even removed a provision that would have barred gay couples from adopting children. (Alfredo Estrella / AFP/Getty Images / December 21, 2009)
Mexico City's initiative goes further than any other in Latin America by rewriting the law to redefine marriage as a "free union between two people," not only between a man and a woman. It gives homosexual couples the same rights as heterosexual pairs, including the right to adopt, inherit, obtain joint housing loans and share insurance policies.
"This is wonderful," gay rights activist Judith Vasquez said from the noisy legislature floor, where proponents chanted, "Yes, we could!" and waved rainbow flags. Gay "couples have effectively been together for years, decades, centuries," she said. "But now it is our right."
Most of the opposition in the city's legislature came from President Felipe Calderon's conservative National Action Party, which has threatened to take the city to court if Ebrard does not veto the measure.
Also opposed was the Roman Catholic Church, which labeled the proposal immoral, saying marriage must hold the promise of procreation. Cardinal Norberto Rivera Carrera said the law created the "perverse possibility" that "innocent children" would be adopted by gay couples.
"It is an aberration," said activist Jorge Serrano Limon. "Marriage cannot be between men. That is absurd."
"They have given Mexicans a very bitter Christmas," Armando Martinez Gomez, president of the College of Catholic Attorneys, told The Times. "They have eliminated the word 'father' and 'mother.' "
He also predicted a backlash against gays. "There will be repercussions, the unleashing of homophobia. Ours is not a very tolerant society."
It was unclear how many gays and lesbians might be expected to rush to the altar (or, as required in Mexico, the judge's chambers).
"For centuries, unfair laws prohibited marriage between whites and blacks, between Europeans and Indians," legislator Romo, of the PRD, said. "Today, all the barriers have disappeared."
Times staff writer Ken Ellingwood contributed to this report. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '453', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9712367057800292}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '704692', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DVTPVCZH6R2PRCRU4DILGMF6QH3UMTU2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:36fe5c12-4202-4927-b0db-d5ada4e63a78>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 22, 23, 35, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.7.147', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:P2MUEPQQN7RI52YFHOZPX2UEVA7GEDZB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:72f72326-9091-48f0-baed-11c79534ae68>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.pocketburgers.com/2009_12_22_archive.html?widgetType=BlogArchive&widgetId=BlogArchive1&action=toggle&dir=open&toggle=YEARLY-1357016400000&toggleopen=DAILY-1261458000000', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d47e4849-f9fd-44f6-92cf-83635061d672>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '766', 'url': 'http://www.pocketburgers.com/2009_12_22_archive.html?widgetType=BlogArchive&widgetId=BlogArchive1&action=toggle&dir=open&toggle=YEARLY-1357016400000&toggleopen=DAILY-1261458000000', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-51-149-184.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.021886467933654785', 'original_id': '45ad5e5e9e2a51e7374fe59fefca0a51984b15c588a48de61c74e2b6ebd2cc7d'} |
Complex C-300
It became known why the C-300 is so deadly
The specialist explained why the Russian S-300 “Favorite” is considered one of the most lethal in the world.
Analysts of the American edition of The National Interest, comparing the Russian anti-aircraft missile system C-300 Favorit and the American air defense system Standart, could not determine which of the complexes is more effective in terms of its use. Nevertheless, analyst Charlie Gao came to the conclusion that the Russian air defense complex is more deadly, since, unlike the American “Standart”, it can simultaneously accompany several targets.
“Accompanying several targets in scanning mode makes it (the air defense system - comment) deadly”- emphasizes the military expert.
Nevertheless, the analyst stressed that the Russian C-300 Favoroit complex is not as fast as the American “Standart” in which the drum set is used, but this factor is unlikely to create any problems, especially given the fact that "Favorite" can hit targets at distances up to 250 kilometers.
The original article is not about C-300, but about its karabelny analogue. The reader of your article may have misunderstandings about the “drum set” in C-300. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9414942264556884}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '82976', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:S34IWLAUDYECQB2YRQPGRV6DUU34H7DH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5593925d-74bf-415d-9fef-661251078501>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 28, 19, 48, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '51.255.65.216', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DYEY7U5JFYYYUQRO6PQPSFPBDJSBUPJQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ef1f6996-5e68-4515-acc8-7fb91d01c4f6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://avia-pro.net/news/stalo-izvestno-pochemu-s-300-takoy-smertonosnyy', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d22d2198-91b2-4c9b-b1da-0ab244ca0bb1>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '185', 'url': 'http://avia-pro.net/news/stalo-izvestno-pochemu-s-300-takoy-smertonosnyy', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-48.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.2805492877960205', 'original_id': 'c96402047fbd14f384eb09f6bef146b97db73bf78e72030eef676d4a9974f05d'} |
Should The Mets Retire Davey Johnson’s Number?
While it is not an official policy, the Mets organization will only retire the numbers of players who enter the Hall of Fame wearing a Mets cap. That is why the only Mets players who have their numbers retired are Tom Seaver and Mike Piazza. If the Baseball Hall of Fame honored Gary Carter‘s choice, he would have gone into the Hall of Fame with a Mets cap, and as a result, his number would have been retired as well.
That would have pleased many Mets fans who want to see his number be retired. More than Carter, Mets fans seem to want to see Keith Hernandez‘s and David Wright‘s numbers retired. With respect to those two, chances are neither enter the Hall of Fame, and just like Carter, chances are Hernandez is inducted into the Hall of Fame wearing a Cardinals cap.
Much of the Carter and Hernandez push is related to both players being key veterans on the 1986 World Series team. Oddly enough, the same case has not been made for Davey Johnson.
Back in 1984, Frank Cashen tabbed Johnson to be the Mets manager. He was entasked with leading a Mets team to not just win a World Series, but really to just win games. The Mets had not been over .500 since 1976, which was Seaver’s last full season with the Mets. Seaver was back in 1983 only for the Mets to lose him again.
The winning happened immediately. Behind Rookie of the Year Dwight Gooden, and a young core which included Darryl Strawberry, Wally Backman, Ron Darling, and Sid Fernandez, the 1984 Mets finished second place in the National League East with a 90-72 record. This began a string of eight straight seasons where the Mets would finish second or better in the division. Johnson would oversee six of those seasons.
The 1985 Mets won 98 games, which was then the second most wins the Mets had ever accumulated. They were that close to winning the division. Entering 1986, Johnson would declare the Mets were the team to beat, and his team would back him up. Their 108 wins is the third most ever by a National League team.
When you include the postseason, the 1986 have won more games than any other National League team over the past century.
Yes, this does speak to how great the 1986 Mets were, but it also speaks to Johnson’s managerial abilities. He was ahead of his time using data and statistics to inform his decisions. Yes, those 1980s Mets teams were talented, but it was Johnson who got everything out of those talented teams by optimizing his team’s lineups.
This is why Johnson would become the first ever National League manager to have 90+ wins in each of his first five seasons.
He’s also the only Mets manager with two 100 win seasons. He joins Gil Hodges as only one of two Mets managers to win a World Series, and he was the first Mets manager to go to two different postseasons.
Johnson is the Mets all-time leader in wins and winning percentage. He is second only to Terry Collins in games managed. He is second to Bobby Valentine in postseason wins, which is partially a function of Major League Baseball adding an additional postseason round when they added the Wild Card in 1994.
Despite all of these records and his impact on the franchise, Hodges and Casey Stengel remain the only two managers who have had their numbers retired by the Mets. Given how the standards to retire manager numbers (to the extent there is any) is far lower than for players, it is odd how nearly 30 years after Johnson managed his last game, he has not had his number retired.
His number not being retired may become more of an issue going forward as once again he is a candidate on the Today’s Game ballot for the Hall of Fame. With his having a better winning percentage than Hall of Famers like Bobby Cox (a manager who also has just one World Series to his credit), and his being only one of two managers in MLB history to lead four separate franchises to to the postseason, there is a real case to be made for Johnson’s induction.
If inducted, he is likely going to enter the Hall of Fame as a member of the Mets. If so, any and all excuses to not retire his number have gone by the wayside. Of course, that is unless you are not of the belief Johnson has not done enough to merit having his number retired anyway.
Given how his number has not been retired, it is certainly still up for debate whether it should or should not be retired by the Mets organization. Going forward, when debates happen,,when taking into account standards already set forth coupled with the impact on the organization, Davey Johnson should probably be first in line when it comes to having his number retired. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '18445190538112778a9680dbf6d4af5af2b6929b5febefafe1d24105512d29e1'} |
#include <GUIConstantsEx.au3>
#include <GuiMonthCal.au3>
#include <WindowsConstants.au3>
#include <Constants.au3>
$Debug_MC = False ; Check ClassName being passed to MonthCal functions, set to True and use a handle to another control to see it work
Global $iMemo
_Main()
Func _Main()
Local $hMonthCal
; Create GUI
GUICreate("Month Calendar Get Color", 400, 300)
$hMonthCal = GUICtrlCreateMonthCal("", 4, 4, -1, -1, $WS_BORDER, 0x00000000)
; Create memo control
$iMemo = GUICtrlCreateEdit("", 4, 168, 392, 128, 0)
GUICtrlSetFont($iMemo, 9, 400, 0, "Courier New")
GUISetState()
; Get/Set calendar color
MemoWrite("Background: 0x" & Hex(_GUICtrlMonthCal_GetColor($hMonthCal, $MCSC_MONTHBK), 6))
_GUICtrlMonthCal_SetColor($hMonthCal, $MCSC_MONTHBK, $CLR_MONEYGREEN)
MemoWrite("Background: 0x" & Hex(_GUICtrlMonthCal_GetColor($hMonthCal, $MCSC_MONTHBK), 6))
; Loop until user exits
Do
Until GUIGetMsg() = $GUI_EVENT_CLOSE
GUIDelete()
EndFunc ;==>_Main
; Write message to memo
Func MemoWrite($sMessage)
GUICtrlSetData($iMemo, $sMessage & @CRLF, 1)
EndFunc ;==>MemoWrite
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '25579329dac5bf1dbd0d827eeda60c316e653a40f8f02e6b15307c23b976924a'} |
So, first post to get this ball rolling and to fluff this place up a little bit. Still a little unsure on things for this, but We'll iron things out as we go. I'm hoping we'll also iron out the tiers as ATM it's not quite adding up like it -should- be (I'll have to readd the previous tier here as I though it was the 'default'? How it presents stuff at times is a little confusing...).
...Regardless anyone already on the discord knows, Vampire Lust is trucking along steadily and surly. This will be the big thing we're pushing out ATM. Once it is out I'll have more direct info to share, but right now in the moving states from the previous location to here. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.969413161277771}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '29901', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PWZZHYY63O3ZH2QWZSQFRCJRNVYDENUB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:6dd9f89a-8f89-43f6-aad2-f5267e5a8995>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 5, 29, 13, 10, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.18.36.195', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:IXI2NJIUXHG25ENINGQASIU7BLWCPLCG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7cdd790f-640e-4804-a368-75d853a0f45d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://subscribestar.adult/posts/35176', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:77a49167-36d0-4fe0-b04a-f68779b19c24>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '122', 'url': 'https://subscribestar.adult/posts/35176', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-24\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May/June 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-124.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.051386475563049316', 'original_id': 'eead05c90a92c76f0e3e33880fa20f63097d7882f285b2cfb883fa8ba8c367c9'} |
Q:
How do I use Menu with Collapse as my TransitionComponent on Material-ui?
I'm having issues using the Collapse component as my TransitionComponent on Material-UI.
Not only does it not work, it also breaks the anchor.
Fade works fine, not sure where to look for answers.
Thanks in advance.
Link to codesandbox
import React, { useState, useRef } from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import { Menu, MenuItem, Collapse, Fade, Typography } from "@material-ui/core";
function App() {
const [open, toggle] = useState(false);
const ref = useRef(null);
return (
<>
<div style={{ position: "absolute", top: "50%" }} ref={ref}>
<Typography variant="h4" className="App" onClick={() => toggle(true)}>
Click me!
</Typography>
</div>
<Menu
TransitionComponent={Collapse}
anchorEl={ref.current}
open={open}
onClose={() => toggle(false)}
>
<MenuItem>Item do menu</MenuItem>
</Menu>
<Menu
TransitionComponent={Fade}
transitionDuration={800}
anchorEl={ref.current}
open={open}
onClose={() => toggle(false)}
>
<MenuItem>Item do menu</MenuItem>
</Menu>
</>
);
}
const rootElement = document.getElementById("root");
ReactDOM.render(<App />, rootElement);
A:
This is a known bug with the Collapse transition in combination with the Popover component (which is used by Menu): https://github.com/mui-org/material-ui/issues/11337
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '158dae9ec507706841fb02941874351e25d66af956e028a901860eb4416b3a6b'} |
First Name
in the U.S.
since 1880
Last Name
in the U.S.
in 2010
On This Page
How to Pronounce Arancia
• Automated Male (English)
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How difficult is it to pronounce Arancia?
Meaning and Origin
What does the name Arancia mean? Find out below.
Origin and Meaning of Arancia
User Submitted Meanings
• According to a user from Philippines, the name Arancia is of Italian origin and means "Italian for "Orange"".
Submit the origin and/or meaning of Arancia to us below
1. orange (fruit)
Fun Facts about the name Arancia
• When was the first name Arancia first recorded in the United States? The oldest recorded birth by the Social Security Administration for the name Arancia is Saturday, August 17th, 1935.
• How unique is the name Arancia? From 1880 to 2017 less than 5 people per year have been born with the first name Arancia. Hoorah! You are a unique individual.
• Weird things about the name Arancia: Your name in reverse order is Aicnara. A random rearrangement of the letters in your name (anagram) will give Ranacia. How do you pronounce that?
What Arancias Have Visited This Page?
Past life for Arancia born Jul 1, 1938
Name poster for Arancia
Name poster for Arancia(click to save the high quality version)
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• Sources:
• Wiktionary: Titles and License. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '99', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9001949429512024}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '63205', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2GY3FBPXGUJR6JWQ4QAQ7V5NZPQYFUKJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d78f870b-2053-4cc5-a88e-934279f6c9e7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 23, 0, 12, 25), 'WARC-IP-Address': '13.249.44.97', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:C4XECBUYM7LX4KGOEFO26MT6G6U7NNXZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2ad9aded-a31f-45ee-9421-5adea3c5a0f0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.names.org/n/arancia/about', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0bd10cc1-92f7-4045-83e0-4f0e5e08e5d9>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '322', 'url': 'https://www.names.org/n/arancia/about', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-101-182-190.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02066737413406372', 'original_id': '3529ee361c4dcdd587d42702b06e471d7ffff3b7129ba0b680bcc459969e85a5'} |
Growth in the first two years of life.
Compared to other periods of life, infancy is a period of rapid growth, but the relative relationships among rates of linear growth, weight accretion and brain growth vary greatly during the first years of life. Additionally, while the energy requirements for body tissue deposition as a fraction of daily energy needs decrease dramatically during infancy, brain energy demands, measured as the cerebral rate of glucose utilization, increase markedly during the same period. There is now substantial evidence that postnatal growth in infancy is associated with various consequences detrimental to health in adult life, particularly hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the relationships vary depending on whether one takes growth to mean statural growth or ponderal growth, as well as on the specific period of infant growth. Recently, several mechanisms have surfaced that might account for the relationships observed. These include epigenetic effects on gene expression, alterations in neuronal signaling because of inappropriate dendritic pruning, and gut microbiota effects on fat storage. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '8be16aeecff48a40dc1f6ff96663e467f1689d3dc8ce91a983220f4604fad823'} |
Recent Matching
WhitePages members
Inconceivable! There are no WhitePages members with the name Silas Moses.
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Silas in the US
1. #2,307 Jules
2. #2,308 Brittani
3. #2,309 Brice
4. #2,310 Jame
5. #2,311 Silas
6. #2,312 Kathrine
7. #2,313 Treva
8. #2,314 Brown
9. #2,315 Lisette
Moses in the US
1. #875 Mullen
2. #876 Bernard
3. #877 Sheppard
4. #878 Moyer
5. #879 Moses
6. #880 Rocha
7. #881 Levine
8. #882 Mora
9. #883 Sampson
Silas Moses in the US
1. #4,445,494 Silas Jefferson
2. #4,445,495 Silas Kelly
3. #4,445,496 Silas Lawrence
4. #4,445,497 Silas Mathews
5. #4,445,498 Silas Moses
6. #4,445,499 Silas Norris
7. #4,445,500 Silas Oquinn
8. #4,445,501 Silas Robbins
9. #4,445,502 Silas Ross
people in the U.S. have this name View Silas Moses on WhitePages Raquote
Meaning & Origins
2,311th in the U.S. for 2011
Jewish; also Welsh and English: from the Biblical name borne by the Israelite leader who led the Israelites out of Egypt, as related in the Book of Exodus. The Hebrew form of the name, Moshe, is probably of Egyptian origin, from a short form of any of various ancient Egyptian personal names, such as Rameses and Tutmosis, meaning ‘conceived by (a certain god)’. However, very early in its history it acquired a folk etymology, being taken as a derivative of the Hebrew root verb mšh ‘draw (something from the water)’, and was associated with a story of the infant Moses being discovered among the bullrushes by Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus 2: 1–10). Moses is the usual English spelling. As a Welsh family name, it was adopted among Dissenter families in the 18th and 19th centuries. As a North American family name, it has absorbed forms of the name from other languages, for example Moise and Moshe.
879th in the U.S. for 2011
Nicknames & variations
Top state populations
U.S. Distribution Map
Silas Moses is most likely to live in Florida, Virginia, New York, Texas, and | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '179', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9111915826797484}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '34460', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2R4EJU36IRYDV33OIDJG2WDAKXSZ46ZE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:66309a9a-2e27-4bf6-b415-3f1057d8a364>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 14, 11, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '64.124.61.29', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FECNWJIIRX5AVBYHA5WM5QYE2IIEF3F4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b97ddccc-2e31-487a-a838-6bdea88ec44d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://names.whitepages.com/Silas/Moses', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:92b42a04-19bd-4b0f-9501-968e088bcec4>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '360', 'url': 'http://names.whitepages.com/Silas/Moses', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.6960563659667969', 'original_id': 'cc430ea092ae4639f2f11e7276e0e22f8374e314a2c55ca5a19c9ad5ffff0401'} |
Individual Page
1. Title: Genealogy of the Furnas Family
Page: p. 186
Note: NS036143 Source Media Type: Book
Publication: Dayton, Ohio: Furnas Brothers - 1897
Author: Tanzy R. Furnas
Name: Not Given
Givenname: Not Given
RepositoryId: R2937
Addressname: Not Given
Address: Not Given
a. Note: NI608496
Note: This database is a work in progress. The sources, citations, and resources are those which I have utilized to date. If you can add, correct, or suggest please feel free to let me know at your convenience. Thanks, Fred
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Thursday, May 13, 2010
"The true ecoterrorists are the planet-despoilers. Those in the Forest Service and the timber industry who are annihilating thousand-year-old forests for paper bags and picnic tables. Ranchers and employees of the Department of Agriculture's Animal Damage Control unit who have exterminated predators ranging from Grizzly Bears and Gray Wolves to Common Ravens and Bobcats and continue to slaughter them in their remnant ranges. The calculator-rational engineers and pork-barrel politicians who want to plug every free-flowing river with dams. The thrill-seeking dirt bikers who terrify wildlife and scar delicate watersheds with mindless play. Japanese and Icelandic whalers who are hounding the last great whales to the ends of the Earth, despite international agreements against whaling. The heads of Exxon and other giant oil companies who cut back on safety measures to save a few pennies and thereby cause disasters like the Prince William Sound oil-tanker wreck and the blowout of drilling platforms in the Santa Barbara Channel. Corporate executives whose bottom line is profit and who could not care less about Love Canals, Bhopals, cigarette smoke, acid rain, and unsafe automobiles. Otherworldly "religious leaders" who condemn birth control and encourage the poor in Third World countries to have more children. The list of ecoterrorists is endless --- but it does not include the brave and conscientious individuals who are defending threatened wild areas by placing a monkeywrench in the gears of the machine." --- Dave Foreman, Confessions of An Eco-Warrior, Harmony Books, New York, 1991, pp. 124 - 125.
Hey, Dave, let's add in the corporate fuckers of BP who skimped on safety and brought us the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill of 2010, which will eclipse the Exxon-Valdez as the worst oil spill in U.S. history, and has the potential, however slight, of killing the Earth's oceans . Crimes against Njord?
I'm sorry, but as a skald, I have a religious duty to praise the deeds of heroes who fight to defend Mother Earth, as beloved Thor himself does. It doesn't matter how your empire or its various media label these people. It doesn't matter if an enslaved and cowed population has been frightened into bogeymanning them. Real people look at actual deeds, not accusations, labels, or slander. They examine the quality of actions and the values behind them. They admire real courage in the service of something transcendant and meaningful. They do not step in line with propaganda machines and simply mimic whatever we are told we are "supposed" to believe, nor do they cower in regiment simply because some kind of smear words created to arouse fear in listeners is applied to someone.
Let's get real. The overwhelming majority of those who are smeared as "ecoterrorists" are not "terrorists" at all in any definition of the term, and are at best ecovandalists. Ask anyone in New York City who had to go through the awful trauma of 9-11 whether they consider "vandalism" and "terrorism" the same thing. There is no comparison, and the authoritarian imperialists peddling such words know this. They're just depending on you to be stupid enough to not notice the difference. Don't be stupid. Your freedom depends on it.
And just in case you were wondering ... the word "vandalism" comes from the name of a Germanic tribe, the Vandals, who wreaked havoc on the Roman Empire as they came through with a spirit of retribution against an Empire which had repeatedly violated their groves, their laws, their children, and treated them as less-than-human. Do the math.
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<< Home | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9569429755210876}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '19722', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ALXKVMRUYOKP2XVHZDYJQX6RBZJU6EM7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e9d745ef-7e8b-43da-8352-d8a161ad32f6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 10, 24, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.7.161', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7UULNNQMDVDSP75PVEJM26DAUY6H4FUW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5a5900d9-8d4f-4bda-8bef-6f67b23fc7c5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://wyrdmeginthew.blogspot.com/2010/05/ecoterrorists.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:336f3ff4-ac29-431a-9f32-d4778c37245a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '579', 'url': 'http://wyrdmeginthew.blogspot.com/2010/05/ecoterrorists.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-63-222-147.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.027845680713653564', 'original_id': 'a687a503698ce29ff1bb037936600f614e35bb5ded6b19c97e9f7323cbdb6850'} |
A Catholic Lord of the Rings
The stories of JRR Tolkien captured the imagination of generations and spawned a stunning trilogy of movies under the direction of Peter Jackson. Even his Hobbit sequels beginning in 2012 were captivating and meaningful. Critics of the 2012 Hobbit trilogy unfairly compared those movies against the incomparable Lord of the Rings trilogy. Even Tolkien’s Hobbit fell short of his Rings trilogy.
Still, Jackson preserved the rich Catholic metaphors that leaked through Tolkien’s writings in glaring ways. The Hobbit and the Rings trilogy portray the big differences between Roman Catholicism and Christianity. (Some Catholics may say the true Divergents are Protestants, but I have heard other Catholics say they are not Christians, they are Catholics.)
What sane parent would let their teenage
or 10-yr-old kid play with spiritual power like this?
Either way, no matter how Catholic it is, Tolkien does portrays a coherent spiritual view which is entirely lacking in Harry Potter’s spiritual wizard world. J.K. Rowling brought together a hodge-podge of half-good, half-selfish and mostly confused kids playing with incredibly lethal spiritual powers, yet predictably nobody gets seriously hurt. (The spell-bound game of Quidditch is not well-suited for 10-year old players, right? How did those kids survive? How could any parent watch their kid play?) Tolkien’s spiritual conflicts are at least realistic, filled with savage casualties. Tolkien understood the spiritual world was real, not kid fiction, with real power to kill and corrupt and destroy civilizations. Today’s Pop culture more closely follows the never-lethal spiritual world of JK Rawlings, where dabbling is sheer fun, no matter how naïve it is.
Saruman, the bad pope.
In Tolkien’s wizardry, there is clear Catholic-style hierarchy which, like Roman Catholic history, also is a mixed bag. Saruman, the great White Wizard whom other low-caste Wizards like Gandalf must address as “Master”. He is a popish wizard intoxicated by his exalted position. He drones on with pontifications which were often wrong, always disparaging Gandalf’s common-sense wisdom. This fits the pattern of many the “Papal Bulls” issued in Vatican history. (The Vatican now calls them “Encyclicals,” possibly to anglicize the term? Or possibly aingvoid the vernacular “Papal Bullsh**”? Sorry, that was bad.) Saruman is a corrupt pope, while Gandalf-the-Grey becomes a reforming pope as Gandolf-the-White, like when Pope Francis disposed of his red, Prada papal shoes, among other reforms.
Gandolf-the White: a reforming pope.
Tolkien knew corruption was rife in the history of Catholic hierarchy. Beginning with the Benedictines, some of the greatest Monastic movements littering Roman Catholic’s 1600-year history were spawning as reforming movements, like the Jesuits, Franciscans and Dominicans. Pope Francis is a Franciscan reformer. The monastics had their own reactionary problems fraught with extreme asceticism and legalism, but they protested webs of political and economic corruption spreading throughout Catholic hierarchy. At least they championed the cause of lowly, neglected laypeople and peasants. Gandalf the Grey, like Pope Francis, used his spiritual powers to help little folk like Hobbits.
The whole clergy-laity separation was a misguided effort to control the Kingdom of God, which God can control. St. Peter was the first pope in Catholic history, and a big adversary of the hierarchy. “We are all laity (God’s people), we are all clergy (a holy priesthood),” Peter wrote (1 Peter 2:9). Why Peter’s declaration does not take precedence over later ecumenical (church) councils is a mystery. (BTW, St. Peter was married and introduced his mother-in-law to Jesus—so why are priests and especially popes be celibate today? A point worth considering, since it breeds so much pent-up sexual frustration-turned-perversion!)
Tolkien saw the potential corruption of spiritual authority based on fallible mortals (including wizard-priests), but he also understood that God’s Kingdom on earth still involves human intervention. Yet that intervention is authored, guided and backed up by the authority of Almighty God. Throughout his Trilogy, Tolkien’s heroes are saved by divine guidance. The apex in The Return of the King parallels the return of Jesus Christ as King, including the prophecies preceding his rule on earth. As with the Bible, “the meek shall inherit the earth,” JC said, so Tolkien’s true heroes are Hobbits. Elves look like God’s angels, apparently immortal. On the evil side there is a pronounced hierarchy of increasingly savage and powerful evil Orcs corresponding to the Bibles view of “rulers and world-rulers” dominating Satan’s World System. As in the Bible, in Tolkien’s world evil is not an essence of itself, but rather the corruption and pollution of something decent, like with Gollum. Orcs are depraved Elves, like demons are depraved angels. A life spent in pursuit of pleasure and power creates a depraved Gollum enslaved to self-destruction. Such is the ignoble end of hedonism. “Those who seek to gain their lives will loose it,” JC guaranteed. Gollum and his ring-obsession depicts it well.
It would greatly benefit any student of church history to at least casually peruse the Catholic history Tolkien distills, depicting the inherent frailties of human-based wizardry—the priesthood. Or, for us (lame) laypeople, dusting off the Hobbit trilogy from 2019 for a fresh look will be rewarding. Most fascinating, the insidious nature of an evil, hideous strength spreading throughout Middle Earth is almost prophetic for the 21st Century.
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Colorado River Trips by Dory – A Grand Tradition
For a truly exceptional boating experience, a dory boat trip through Grand Canyon on Arizona’s Colorado River provides a unique and exciting alternative to an inflatable raft. Grand Canyon Dories are small, traditional and charmingly elegant, rigid boats designed to carry four people and a tremendous amount of gear. At 16′ 9″ stern to bow, with six hatches, passenger benches and hardwood rails and trim, dories are able to run a river much more quickly than a raft. However, a Grand Canyon dory boat trip is not about speed, but about your own intimate, some might say organic experience of the river.
Martin Litton rowing a dory in the Grand Canyon
Dories rafting in the Grand Canyon
As in life, the point is not whether you’ve just been to a place, but how you experience it once you get there. With a high crew-to-passenger ratio, our Grand Canyon dory trips provide better access to a more relaxed and energetic crew while they provide you with a quality of service unmatched in the industry. We pay respect to Arizona’s Colorado River, its surrounding environment and your river experience by setting a slower, more relaxed pace without sacrificing the thrill and excitement of your whitewater adventure in Grand Canyon. With professional guides born to row and boats designed with every consideration in mind, your only concern will be taking in the amazing scenery that sets the background for your truly fantastic Grand Canyon river trip.
The evolution of the dory experience has long been in the hands of the boatmen, many of whom have been a part of it for over thirty years. It is their professionalism, their creativity and above all their dedication to doing it right, that make a dory trip the sincerely unique and spectacular experience that it is. So whether you’re a veteran river runner or a curious novice, let our staff and our guides assist you in creating your own personalized dory boat adventure.
Hidden Passage Dory floating in the Grand Canyon
Grand Canyon Dory rafting through a rapid
The Dory Story
Our dory boats are descendants of the original Portuguese fishing dory—a flat bottomed, splay-sided rowboat with high upturned ends. How we came to use this stable seagoing boat on the wild rivers of the West is rather a roundabout tale: our favorite kind to tell…
Let’s start back in 1869, when Major John Wesley Powell first explored the uncharted canyons of the Colorado. The art of whitewater rowing had yet to be born and Powell’s boats bore little resemblance to dories. His were keeled cutwater boats with two men rowing hard downstream. Another man in the back attempted to steer with a long sweep oar. With bravery, luck, persistence and much portaging, Powell and the expeditions that followed him were able to navigate the Colorado in these heavy, unwieldy boats.
In the 1890’s, a Utah trapper named Nathaniel Galloway revolutionized whitewater boating. By going to a light, flat bottomed boat and rowing upstream, against the current, to increase maneuverability, Galloway was able to navigate rapids previously thought unrunnable. Both his style of boat and his stern-first rowing technique proved far more successful than Powell’s and predominated during the early part of the 20th century.
In the late 1930’s, Norman Nevills took the next step by creating a far broader craft called a Cataract boat. Rowing Galloway-style, he used these boats on the first commercial Grand Canyon river trip in 1938. Though the Cataract boats were run in the Canyon for more than thirty years, their poor carrying capacity forced them to succumb to the new competition: inflatables.
Grand Canyon Dory One Eyed Jack rafting on the Colorado River
Marble Canyon Dory in the Grand Canyon
Introduced the same year as the Cataract boat, the raft was hard to argue with—it bounced off rocks, held more people and gear and rolled up into a bundle for easy transport. And with a motor on a huge raft, why you could take twenty people or more through the Canyon in a week!
In the Pacific Northwest, the evolution of watercraft went a bit differently. From the time of Powell onward, the boat of choice on the Salmon River had been the old Mississippi River sweep scow. These gigantic wooden barges were guided down the river by one or two stout men using ponderous 28-foot sweep-oars, one on each end of the boat. By standing mid-ship and heaving on the huge sweeps, the men could pry the boat laterally in the current, snaking between the rocks.
It was over in Oregon on the McKenzie River that the river dory began to evolve. In the 1920’s, Torkel Kaarhus, a Norwegian boat builder, began to modify the awkward flat plank boats then in use. He bent the ends up, giving the boats “rocker” and making them easier to spin. He raised the low square stern to help ward off the waves.
A few years later, Woodie Hindman, who got his start with Kaarhus, began to modify the design. After running a trip on the Middle Fork of the Salmon River with its bigger rapids, he returned to Oregon determined to design a better whitewater dory. First, he converted the high square stern into a higher, pointed stern to better cut through the waves. Next, he squared off the low pointed bow to accommodate a motor. In a sense, he turned the boat around backwards. Lastly, he lengthened the boat for better handling. This became the McKenzie-style dory, or “drift boat,” which is now common on rivers throughout the Northwest.
In the Grand Canyon of the 1960’s, two veteran rowers of the old Cataract boats, Martin Litton, and P.T. Reilly, saw the need for a more practical craft, but wanted to preserve the dignity and grace of the wooden boat. Why not the dory?
Colorado River rafting in the Grand Canyon
Dories in the Grand Canyon
They worked with boat builders Keith Steele, and later, Jerry Briggs, developing larger, decked-over versions of the McKenzie dory. They found them to be perfectly adapted to the rigors of Grand Canyon. Moreover, it could carry four passengers and, below the decks, plenty of gear. Early in the 1970’s, Martin Litton began rowing them commercially, founding Grand Canyon Dories. Before long he had brought them full circle, back to the Northwest on the rivers of Idaho.
Few can resist their charm. As Martin says, “They are, in a word, beautiful.”
The Ride
Only a dory can give you the subtle feel of the currents and a frisky ride in riffles that the inflatables wallow over; and then power up a wave the size of Nebraska and rocket off the crest in an explosion of glistening spray that leaves you impossibly, miraculously—occasionally—dry.
On calm stretches they are floating lounge chairs, with everything you need easily accessible inside the hatches. In the rapids, all gear is stowed beneath and the decks are bare of extraneous debris—a streamlined bullet blasting through the waves.
Aside from the incredible places these dory boats will take you; aside from the wonderful experiences you will have there; aside from the dories’ heritage and elegance; these boats, more than any other on the river, are just plain fun.
Grand Canyon whitewater rafting in Waterkeeper dory
The Experience
You can probably envision it already—the perfect Grand Canyon river trip: exciting rides in the rapids, a few good hikes and some first-rate photo opportunities, camping out and chowing down on some great outdoor cooking. You may have read about it on other websites.
But that’s not what we’re talking about here. We’re talking about what really goes on down there on the river. We’re talking about a feeling, a change, a connection. We’re talking about…
…noticing on day ten that Jim has finally taken off his watch and is sitting quietly by himself watching a lizard.
…seeing Ed get to know, for the first time in his life, his teenage daughter, Mary Ann.
…explaining to a wide-eyed, eager Barbara, who never cared beans about rocks, the mechanics of a thrust fault.
…seeing Mary’s beaming 84-year-old face after, with the aid of five boatmen, she made the tough climb into Travertine Grotto.
…turning the oars over to fifteen-year-old Kathy, only to discover she must have been a boatman in a past life.
…silently signaling the rest of the dories into the eddy to see a grazing family of bighorn sheep, the only sound the click, click, pok, bzdzik of a dozen cameras.
…joining twenty people who should know better, running around in the pouring rain to get a better view of the dozen brick-red waterfalls exploding over the rim.
…floating out of Lava Falls right-side-up one more time, water still spilling out over the gunwales, as four people who had been nervous as hell thirty seconds ago erupt into unchecked jubilation.
…for the ninth time that late October night, though no one’s spoken for nearly an hour, putting one more log on the fire.
What we’re offering, really, isn’t so much a trip as an experience. To most folks, the scenery, the thrills and the camp life are only a part of it. The rest of it comes from within. We’ve found the rule to be, without exception, that however much you want to put into these places, that’s how much you’ll get back. And then some.
National Park Service Authorized Concessioner
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Branding in Tourism the Travel Tourism and Essay
• Length: 11 pages
• Sources: 15
• Subject: Business - Advertising
• Type: Essay
• Paper: #22102020
Excerpt from Essay :
Branding in Tourism
The travel, tourism and hospitality industry is a constant challenge for the field of marketing. Because the competition is so strong throughout, it is hard for a company to build a base and maintain its market share. With so many leisure time choices available, customers are free to use their leisure dollars on many pursuits. This makes the market very difficult for those involved. An added difficulty is establishing a brand, and particularly a brand image, that survives disgruntled customers, and becomes better because of those very customers. One company involved in establishing a consistent brand image in this industry is the Royal Caribbean Cruise Line. If an individual wants to spend vacation time on a cruise, they have many choices, and Royal Caribbean has had to develop and maintain an image that makes it the carrier of choice. It has done this effectively through many traditional means, but this study will employ attitude accessibility theory to see if Royal Caribbean is establishing its brand in such a way that it creates the positive image that people need to see in a carrier. This study will examine marketing in the travel and tourism industry, how it has been applied to branding, and finally how it is used by Royal Caribbean. The specific device of branding is also explored in depth from its general use, to how it specifically employed by Royal Caribbean. Finally, recommendations regarding how Royal Caribbean can better use brand image are cited.
Table of contents
Introduction 4
Purpose 4
Topic Importance 4
Attitude Accessibility in Branding 5
General Overview of Branding 5
Importance of Branding 7
Overview of Brand Image 7
Royal Caribbean 8
Attitude Accessibility and Royal Caribbean 9
Recommendations 11
Conclusion 13
References 14
Branding in the Tourism Sector
This report is based on how the tourism industry markets its products; specifically how products, or companies, are branded. The company chosen for this review is Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines. The focus needed to be a company that is known around the world, and a company that evokes an image based on the brand name or symbol. The marketing of this product is significantly affected by how the brand is perceived by the public. This report will detail how branding is affected by customer attitude accessibility, and how Royal Caribbean has used this concept to make sure that their product receives the most value from recognisability and public perception of the name.
Topic Importance
Marketing a product is one of the primary determinants of whether it will succeed in the industry or not (Srinivasan, 2009). The specific marketing approach depends on what the goals of the organization are and what type of industry it is. In the tourism industry, customers need to be able to see what the company is offering; they also have to trust the company. To do this, a company needs to build up its brand (eg, its name or symbol). The importance of the topic lies in the fact that detailed reports with regard to how companies accomplish this are almost nonexistent. The research is clear about what a company can do, and what some companies have done, but branding research in travel and tourism appears to be a seldom researched topic. It is necessary to widen the scope of the scholarship in this area.
Attitude Accessibility in Branding
The theory chosen for this report is attitude accessibility. With respect to branding, it is a very important concept. Companies want customers to have an immediate positive image arise when their brand is mentioned, in whatever context (Grant, Button & Noseworthy, 1994). Royal Caribbean has spent millions of dollars developing such a brand.
The specific theory chosen relates well to brand image. Attitude accessibility is about the image a specific product name or symbol evokes in a potential customer. Luczak, et al., (2007) relate that;
"The theory of attitude accessibility suggests that the more salient the brand attitude, the more likely that attitude will be used in the creation of a consumer's evoked set. The positive attributes of a brand or brands in a co-branding strategy can result in the consumer electing to include a particular product in his or her evoked set and ultimately lead to the purchase of that product."
For the purposes of this report, a customer hears the name "Royal Caribbean," and the name itself gives the individual a specific set of thoughts. The company must conduct its marketing strategy in such a way that this happens because "These attitudes are used in interpreting and evaluating specific brands and manifest themselves through consumers purchase behaviours" (Luczak, et al., 2007). However, in order to continue this discussion, the concept of branding must be understood in greater detail.
General overview of branding
The word branding is derived from the practice of ranchers marking cattle so that it was possible to tell which ranch the animal belonged to. This concept has morphed over the years to encompass all the methods a company uses to distinguish itself from the competition. However, the basic distinction is the same; a company needs a brand to ensure that it is easily distinguishable from the competition within its industry.
A company can establish its brand in a variety of ways in order to accomplish its goals. The focus of the company determines what it will concentrate on. The first possibility that a company can use is to establish brand equity. As the term "equity" implies, this has to do with the ability of the company to make money from their brand. This can be done because the brand has well-known quality or is very recognisable. The second type of branding has to do with the loyalty individuals have for a product or company. Many times a person will use the same detergent, travel agency or hotel that their parents used. Loyalty is something a company establishes over time that often will shield it from the vagaries of human choice. People will often choose a brand because they have always used it, even when another, that is just as good or better, is cheaper. The third aspect that companies use when discussing branding is image. This the "The impression in the consumers' mind of a brand's total personality (real and imaginary qualities and shortcomings). Brand image is developed over time through advertising campaigns with a consistent theme, and is authenticated through the consumers' direct experience" (Business Dictionary, n.d.). The image that a company has is basically the culmination of all of its other branding efforts. It has to with both loyalty and the equity that the brand has built up with its customers over time. These are all very important components of branding, but how this particular concept affects a company can be different depending on how it is used.
Importance of branding
Every business realizes that how the public perceives them is important, but it is of the utmost importance in the travel and tourism industry. Companies are built and destroyed depending on how they are perceived by the public because there is always another hotel, airline or cruise company that can be used when planning a trip. It does not matter how glossy the photographs or intriguing the commercials are when a close friend or relative had a bad experience on a particular ship. It is actually not all that important for some industries, but the hospitality industry is flush with other entries that are waiting to take market share. Having a good name means that revenue will increase because people who believe in the brand will tell others of their good experience. In the same vein, if people are having bad experiences, they can definitely help sully a brand. This has the effect of taking away revenue, and yielding market share to competitors.
Overview of brand image
As mentioned earlier, brand image is "the company's personality" (Business Dictionary, n.d.). In much the same way that a human personality is developed throughout the lifespan a company's personality is developed through the years of business environment which it has gone through. The company comes to life as an unknown entity, and it eventually grows through its perceptions and those of its customers. As the company is growing, they have to make sure that a positive image is had by a majority of their customers, so that they can help develop that image. In the travel industry, people will build a positive image around such items as on time delivery (of the service), a pleasant experience, the attitude of the employees they meet, the price of the product, and whether they were satisfied with the overall experience. It is difficult to monitor every experience that an individual has, but it is important to try. As the authors of one study said "image is everything" (Hartley & Morphew, 2008). This has to be the continuous mantra for a company; especially one that is engaged in a public service such as travel and tourism.
Royal Caribbean…
Cite This Essay:
"Branding In Tourism The Travel Tourism And" (2011, November 15) Retrieved April 26, 2017, from
"Branding In Tourism The Travel Tourism And" 15 November 2011. Web.26 April. 2017. <>
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Ask This Old House
LearningReviews Grammar directory lists 20 far more web sites, games and apps to help students of all ages discover English grammar. As soon as when we had been away for 2 weeks in the US our house was broken into, and ever since I’ve been nauseated at the believed of leaving for even a long weekend but we did get a timer for our lights which tends to make me really feel slightly far better. That tape ought to also avoid any weather—ice, snow, or rain—from entering the leading of the house.
This kind of house is extremely tidy and clean looking, and fits correct regardless of the neighborhood, city or area. It is a pleasure to meet yet another individual who has in fact been to the House of David, and shares beautiful memories of it with me. I guess it was 1960 the 1st time my dad took me there. All round this is a little house that you need to truly only purchase if you want to have a house that is somewhat nicely placed since it is in the capital city. These are low-cost and when they detect movement outdoors the house close to a door or window they emit the sound of a true, not so pleased dog. The most costly window in the house was a big single panel which expense $1,500. You will want these ads to run for 5 days prior to the Friday you are going to commence showing the house. Winchester loved in her house have been custom-developed windows produced by the Tiffany Glass Business.
Gejala hilangnya hara yang biasa terjadi pada areal terbuka seperti pencucian dan fiksasi, di dalam green house diminimalisir. It saves so considerably funds creating smaller sized houses, the plot is smaller and the house drawing plans will cost much less. Clearly some specifics of the house are Queen Anne-style architecture, but other people are pure Winchester. But by now the house had turn out to be so legendary and symbolic of Old Hollywood that a lot of men and women had been aghast that it had been razed. There had been some gruesome things going on at the house of david and at the exact same time they had so many grand factors as far as entertainment, parks, fabulous areas to dine, and so forth.
Working from the house drawing plans already purchased, they will do a great job at letting your residence communicate a sense of intimacy and regard for meaningful information, as a smaller property ought to feel snug, not cramped. It’s wonderful particularly to think about what it was like prior to the 1906 quake, when there was that really tall tower on the house (making it a seven story structure) and just before a whole wing of rooms was sealed off due to Mrs. The hyperlink I had to the House of David Museum quit working so I deleted it. Not confident what was wrong there. I agree with you that there was an outstanding and mysterious ambiance about the House of David Park and Beer Gardens.
Untuk negara kita, green house yang biasa digunakan dapat dibagi menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu green house bambu, green house kayu dan green house besi. It appears like a haunted house from a film, which if you sleep in the bed is really really correct of the house. Buying house drawing plans on-line affords the chance to place to function what is saved by not hiring regional architects and creating little. The process for an power efficient house is a little different if the house was built in 1975. The House of David is a most intriguing topic for each of us, and for numerous other individuals I see. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '64', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9603846669197084}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '31701', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WSSWEVZD34RRUGJ4QHRBV6A2BEF7RW7M', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1bd607c8-19de-4dc1-8258-c4e127fb0464>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 21, 16, 29, 47), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.188.200.143', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HYXIXIXXUXWOXAB4TV7TTSHDKIX2AAD7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:574e141a-4719-4687-aa26-260a5c96d547>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.watchesswim.com/ask-this-old-house.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9f113778-7c4b-4c4f-88c8-bcdbebc9917a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '626', 'url': 'http://www.watchesswim.com/ask-this-old-house.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-63-80-227.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04420202970504761', 'original_id': 'e1f8b886c95248dda9193d84657de34a9cc9257668108c2b514111571b26e5e9'} |
Car 0.00 0 -10 481 356 545 397 1.39 1.73 4.70 -5.03 1.24 52.04 1.57
Car 0.00 0 -10 830 338 1019 460 1.60 1.94 5.13 3.28 1.25 21.00 -1.57
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Thursday, 17 April 2014
Some people do not wish to stand up because they believe there are enough people standing up against it, companies, life coaches, and doctors. Some people feel as though they do not have enough time, or do not wish to step in because " they done with school problems". Some people feel as though there are already enough things out there, but yet people are falling into depression, being abused, isolated, suffering, and feeling as though they are nothing in this world, losing themselves, lost their interest in what they wish to be in life, and only focuses on proving that they are not " stupid ". Some people do not truly understand the real issues, what is at stake, WHAT MUST BE CHANGED!
There is so many focus on letting people know of the problem ( " aware " ) , movies, videos, assemblies, and so on, but yet you hear little to no stories about people really taking a real strong stand against bullying. Giving the students something that will truly build not only their leadership skills, not only their interpersonal skills, but to build their life, to heal their soul, their heart, their mind, and have them see that they can overcome, stand against, and become something big in this world. If everyone knows about this problem, and know that there needs to be change, WHEN ARE SCHOOLS REALLY GOING TO TAKE A STAND!
There must be something that will truly create a more safe environment for students, and at the same time, give them the opportunity to become leaders, to become something bigger than what people, and maybe even they thought they could be, TO BECOME LEADERS OF LIFE. How is this going to happen, how will we give those who are suffering the opportunity to truly stand up against their bullies, there must be someone who is focused, who has all the time to create such a change, someone who has a passion, the desire, who understands how bad bullying, depression, and isolation can be and how it really feels, a person that students that relate to, someone who gives his life for those in need, someone who does not desire praise, but simply a safer, and better future for all. Someone who soul purpose in life is CHANGE!
I have always believed in my heart that I have what it takes to become CHANGE, in the past I was so depressed, trapped in my cursed thoughts of isolation, depression, bullying. I have went through so much that i went from simply being scared to talking to anyone, to thinking that I was just shy, to ABSOLUTE SILENCE during my school life, have overcame all of that, have reached out to so many people online, have spoke out against bullying online any way I can, have life coaches and doctors tell me that I have what it takes to become something big and a leader in this world. I was not ready in the past because I was so focused on wanting one person who I can adore, love, and everything ( meaning a relationship ), believed i needed the love and support of someone else, that THAT was my desire in life, thought that i should be a computer person ( graduated from college in computers ) to prove people that I am not stupid, but that piece in me, the leader, the side that knows that I can be so much more has been building for such a long time, now it is me.
It is who I am, it is what I believe I was meant to be, it is who i am, i have always proved people wrong, so if you don't believe I am, JUST WATCH! I WILL PROVE YOU WRONG AND CREATE THE CHANGE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN WISHING FOR SUCH A LONG TIME! I WILL BE CHANGE! I AM CHANGE!
1 comment:
1. "Failure will never overtake me if my determination to succeed is strong enough" | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.983391284942627}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '71168', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6HFHOEX5WHAYZ2ETRKA7JOFXLYG36ZDA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8a9a719b-9a1d-48f8-b512-2c23a7c4352a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 6, 18, 6, 35, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.5.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KWVHVQ2FDROUPWVGTDAAIYIKJOII546U', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8d111d28-8bd6-46e7-b25e-6a1a2a2efeef>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://viewsofadepressedsoul.blogspot.com/2014/04/you-are-looking-at-change.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:70744c3c-9076-47f7-a4cb-b279acd95305>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '664', 'url': 'http://viewsofadepressedsoul.blogspot.com/2014/04/you-are-looking-at-change.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-26\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-165-255-234.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.21602362394332886', 'original_id': '23cd545ec0f14625bcff88b778026ad20b1499634ea8ac9f50764a0830e58287'} |
The History of Pre-Civil War Architecture
The History of Pre-Civil War Architecture
The plantations of the old South are long gone, but many Southern plantation homes remain. These beautiful homes are architectural marvels and some are even popular tourist attractions. However, they harbor a highly problematic past.
These dwellings gave the wealthy white Southern families who built them a vehicle to show off their money and influence. They favored the sort of elegant, dramatic architecture that evoked classical styles. Yet, the impeccably landscaped grounds and spacious rooms required the endless toil of slaves to maintain. Although the majority of us now reject what our forefathers called “the peculiar institution” many still crave the look of the southern plantation home.
This style of architecture is marred by troubling and tragic events. So what elements made these vast estates unique? How does their history complicate their beauty?
Here we’ll break down what you should know about Southern plantation homes and the stories behind them.
History of Southern Plantation Homes
Plantation homes got their start in the 17th century Colonial-era South. These large farms produced money making crops such as cotton, sugar, indigo, rice, and tobacco.
The warm climate and fertile soil of the American South made it easy to grow cash crops in massive quantities. However, these crops were labor intensive and required lots of slave labor in order to turn a profit.
Each plantation contained a complex of buildings. The crowning jewel of a plantation complex was the plantation home.
The rest of the complex consisted of the buildings necessary to keep the plantation operations going. This included structures for storing crops and livestock, and it also included slave quarters. The slave quarters were rough, and in most cases inadequate, so few of these buildings survived to the modern day.
In stark contrast, the homes where the plantation owners lived were often a show of decadence and beauty. Many of these buildings still stand, showing an incomplete but striking piece of Southern plantation history.
What is Antebellum Architecture?
The majority of the enormous palatial plantation homes sprang up after the 1803 Louisiana Purchase through the years before the American Civil War, which is where antebellum comes in. The word “antebellum” simply means “before the war” (from Latin “ante” translates to “before” and “bellum” translates to “war”). When antebellum is attached to the description of an American home it means that the home was built before the Civil War.
“Antebellum” is not a specific style of architecture, it is instead a time for architecture (1800 through 1861) that occurred in the American deep South. These homes are a nod to a time long since gone but not forgotten.
Defining Characteristics of Pre-Civil War Homes
Since most pre-Civil War Southern plantation homes resemble Greek Revival and a few other styles (we’ll go into further details in the next section), they featured grand, boxy, symmetrical architecture with central entrances in both the front and the back of the property. All such homes had Greek-type columns or pillars with vast balconies or verandas.
Other common architectural details of these homes included hipped or gabled roofs, evenly spaced windows, elaborate balconies, covered front porches, and a central entryway opening to a stately staircase and often a cupola. The balconies of these residences ran along the outer edge of the house.
The deep overhangs of the roof shielded the house from the direct sunlight. There were numerous windows on all sides of the house to keep it cool. The sheltered outdoor areas, like the porch and verandas, provided lots of shady spaces for family gatherings and the porches often featured multiple wall partitions to use the space for different purposes.
The other features of the Antebellum homes were mostly for decorative purposes. Columns were designed to draw attention while creating the impression of opulence. The interiors of these mansions were just as magnificent as the exteriors. The extravagant features often included open stairways, huge foyers, grand ballrooms, and intricately designed plaster work along the ceilings.
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Architecture Styles
While many of these pre-Civil War homes had similar architectural details, they also individually had some different styles and can fall into a few different categories.
French Colonial
Known for symmetrical shape and steep pitched roofs, the French Colonial style homes boasted wrap-around porches on the lower and upper floors. These homes were very popular in Louisiana. Although this style has evolved over the last few centuries, modern day French Colonial homes have retained many of their traditional features. They were once small and symmetrical structures, but over time the number of rooms increased into an open plan layout which wasn’t separated by a foyer. You will see many French Colonial style homes in New Orleans and Louisiana, but not many in other parts of the Southern states. These homes had the added benefit of cross ventilation systems that allowed cool air to circulate throughout the rooms of the house, a much needed benefit in the hot Southern regions.
Gothic Revival
The Gothic Revival boasted picturesque architecture that was a popular movement throughout the U.S. These homes were built in the first half of the 19th century. To continue the wave of Pre-Civil War architecture, people began to embrace a European style.
Perhaps the most commonly identifiable characteristics of this style of architecture are the pointed arches used for doors and windows. Gothic Revival homes showcase castle-like towers, pointed arched windows, vertical facades, pitched roofs, and parapets.
Roughly finished limestone trim, granite pedestals, decorative molding, and massive stone arches were all a part of Georgian architecture. This style also featured symmetrical themes and cornice entries.
Does the term Federal remind you of the Federal government in the U.S.? Well, that’s exactly what this architectural style means. It connotes an era in U.S. history when the Federal government system was being developed. Many European-style architectural elements were incorporated into Federal buildings and personal homes. This style is heavily influenced by ancient Greek and Roman structures.
A Federal-style home typically consisted of a simple rectangular or square box with two or three stories. Many of these homes featured projected wings and wrap-around balconies. Elliptical fanlights, palladian windows, and oval shaped rooms were other characteristics of the Federal style.
Greek Revival
The Greek Revival is perhaps the notable architectural style that is closely linked to the Antebellum period. These homes were inspired by the simple, symmetrical proportions of the ancient temples of 5th century Greece. In the U.S., this style reached its peak from 1825 to 1860. Houses were usually white with bold details, gables, heavy cornices, ionic columns, domes, and arched windows.
Not all southern plantation homes were grandiose mansions. Some started out as practical farm houses, while others were built to be decadent from the start. As plantation owners made more money, they often added to their homes to make them larger and more imposing.
Many plantation homes used neoclassical elements inspired by ancient Greece and Rome. One of the most popular neoclassical elements were pillars in front of the house. These homes had boxy designs and also used white and natural colors to mimic the look of stone used in classical architecture.
Most Southern plantation homes included wide balconies all the way around the outside of the house. This was a place for wealthy plantation owners and their families to sit outside while staying in the shade.
The windows on a plantation house were usually symmetrical, evenly spaced, and large.
The grand entrances to a plantation house cemented its palatial feel. Large entrances in front and back were also symmetrical and positioned in the center of the house, to give the balanced look popular in neoclassical design. Pillars typically flanked the front entrance.
Many Southern plantation homes featured large landscaped gardens, including bushes manicured into geometric shapes to highlight the house’s symmetry.
If you really want to understand pre-Civil War architecture, there is no better place than Charleston, SC, and the surrounding area.
Charleston, a National Historic Landmark, has over 2,800 historic buildings, from homes to businesses, and even some cobblestone streets. The well-preserved architecture in Charleston plays witness to the town’s rich history. Founded in 1670 as Charles Towne on the west bank of the Ashley River, the town moved to its current location in 1680. It is the oldest city in South Carolina and is exemplary for its progression in architectural styles. For the purpose of this article we will concentrate on the styles of the pre-Civil War era namely Georgian, Federal, Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, and Plantation (which can encompass many styles.)
Pre-Civil War Charleston Architecture
1. Georgian (Heyward-Washington House)
Georgian architecture featured square and symmetrical facades with five windows across the front, chimneys, and a centered front door with crown molding. This style quickly swept the South, and Georgian-style houses began to pop up all around Charleston.
The Heyward-Washington House, built in 1772, was home to Thomas Heyward Jr, who signed the Declaration of Independence. It was rented to George Washington in May 1791 (hence the name, the Heyward-Washington House). It opened in 1930 as the town’s first historic house museum featuring a kitchen open to the public, formal gardens with late 18th century plants, and a collection of historically locally made furniture such as the famous Holmes Bookcase.
Heyward Washington House
87 Church Street
Charleston, SC 29403
(843) 722-0364
2. Federal (Aiken-Rhett House)
After the Revolutionary War, Federal architecture began to make its way through Charleston from the late 1700s to the 1830s. Marked by several chimneys, balconies, shutters, narrow windows framing the front door, arched Palladian style windows, and fanlights (usually above the front door with a semicircle window), this style was inspired by Britain and the temples of ancient Rome.
Built in 1820, the Aiken Rhett House (or Governor William Aiken House) is one of the most famous Federal-style buildings in Charleston; however, it also has some Greek Revival features that were added after 1831 by William Aiken, Jr. It remained in the family for 142 years until it was sold and opened as a museum in 1975.
Aiken-Rhett House Museum
48 Elizabeth Street
Charleston, SC 29403
(843) 723-1159
3. Gothic Revival (The Huguenot Church)
Gothic Revival emerged as a popular style during the antebellum era, inspired by medieval Gothic architecture finials, decorative designs, scalloping, hood mouldings with label stops (ornamentation at the end of the moulding), pointed windows, and pinnacles with a “castle-like” appearance.
This beautiful Gothic Revival church was built in 1844. The Huguenot Church congregation has origins that can be traced back to the 1680s, most of which were French refugees. The church still follows 18th century French-style church services, but in the English language.
French Huguenot Church
136 Church Street
Charleston, SC 29402
(843) 722-4385
4. Greek Revival (Fireproof Building)
Greek Revival, also known as Classical Revival, emerged during a time when the U.S. was establishing itself as a new nation. Before the Civil War, Charleston prospered and expanded with many plantation owners building elaborate homes to show off their wealth. Greek Revival, with its large columns, high arches, and triangular roofs, was meant to emanate social prominence. Although the Fireproof Building (now housing the non-profit South Carolina Historical Society) was built with minimal ornamentation, it is one of Charleston’s best examples of Greek/Classical Revival. Built in 1827, the Fireproof Building held public safety records and this was the most fire protected building of its time.
It was designed by Robert Mills, the first-American born architect, who worked with important early American architects (like Thomas Jefferson) and was responsible for the Washington Monument.
South Carolina Historical Society
100 Meeting Street
Charleston SC 29042
(843) 723-3225
5. Plantation (Boone Hall)
Boone Hall Plantation was founded in 1681 and is distinguished by its planted oak tree corridor on the drive toward the mansion house.
Boone Hall offers the best insight into Gullah and slave history out of any plantation in the Charleston area. There are special tours dedicated to telling the plantation slave stories, as well as a house tour and open-air coach tour of the grounds.
Boone Hall Plantation & Gardens
1235 Long Point Road
Mt. Pleasant, SC 29464
(843) 884-4371
6. Plantation (Drayton Hall Plantation)
Drayton Hall was once the headquarters of the Drayton plantation empire that spanned from Georgia to South Carolina, and incorporated over 100 different plantations in the two states. This site is located just down from the Magnolia Plantation, making it easy to visit two plantations in one day, as well as the professionally guided house tour. The house is the oldest preserved plantation home in America. Upon its construction it was immediately regarded as a palace, and every artifact inside has a story behind it.
Drayton Hall
3380 Ashley River Road
Charleston, SC 29414
(843) 769-2600
Plantation Homes Today
All the grand design elements in antebellum architecture stood in shocking contrast to the shacks and villages where the slaves lived.
Many Southern plantation homes have been kept in pristine condition and are now tourist sites. In the past, tours of these homes glossed over the atrocities of slavery, instead focusing on romanticizing the lives of the slave owners.
Hurricane Katrina damaged or destroyed several plantation homes when it hit the South. This led some people to ask: Are plantation homes worth preserving considering what they stood for?
Plantation houses and other antebellum structures have an important history. They mark an interesting time in American Architecture, but more importantly, they mark a disturbing time in the past that should inform our future.
Today, plantation sites offer a chance to learn about the tragic legacy of slavery as well as the value of preserving Southern pre-Civil War architecture.
Learn More By Talking To a Pro
Although the original antebellum architectural style’s time has passed, if you’re a fan, you can still adapt this style to a modern home. Large windows, a central patio supported by columns, and a carved balustrade can give a contemporary home an antebellum touch. Limiting embellishments, such as choosing straight, square columns over ornate Corinthian columns, can further update the pre-Civil War look. Even if the style isn’t for you, there is a lot to be learned from understanding how these luxurious residences came to be.
Here at Renew Urban we specialize in the construction of one of a kind luxury custom homes and historic renovations. You want to talk to an expert when choosing a home renovator! We are committed to our craft and always strive to exceed our clients’ expectations and desires. If you are considering a new home or renovation please contact us or call (843) 639-4731 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '12', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9518678188323976}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '115070', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MJQ5HPT6HYT567PEOZOZ6YUEKXH57AK3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5f39d8cd-9790-4826-b243-bbfefd27d9c5>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 27, 0, 55, 40), 'WARC-IP-Address': '35.208.63.94', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:SYT63FYIFWGHYGLXR42XKOC7YA55X47Y', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1458541f-8801-4c2e-bd19-8e59296503dd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://renewurban.net/the-history-of-pre-civil-war-architecture/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e81f7b5d-c840-47fd-b147-51188a83c6e0>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2434', 'url': 'https://renewurban.net/the-history-of-pre-civil-war-architecture/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-40\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.09574949741363525', 'original_id': 'c73c30a0ae0e9a6ba566a0e687d46d45e9d44e6da59ad72fe57cfcce3c052f9b'} |
Showing posts with label in-laws. Show all posts
Showing posts with label in-laws. Show all posts
Tuesday, January 29, 2019
When Documents Disagree, Get More Documents
Mo' documents, mo' proof. When researching a distant relative, supporting evidence is a must.
When you're going out on a limb of your family tree that isn't quite yours, it's easy to make mistakes. You have no personal knowledge of this branch. How will you know if the census taker made a mistake? Or if the death certificate informant was wrong?
How can you avoid putting bad information in your family tree?
Your best option is to gather every available scrap of evidence. Some facts will contradict each other. What if 3 documents say one thing and the 4th says another? Are the 3 sources reputable? Could the 4th source contain a human error?
Here's an example I found yesterday.
I'm working on one of my 2019 Genealogy Goals. I'm going line-by-line through my document tracker spreadsheet. Each time I find a U.S. census noted in a person's "Need to find" column, I'm searching for it. My goal is to do a "reasonably exhaustive search" for every missing U.S. census in my family tree.
After a productive weekend of searching, I was up to the name Foster in my alphabetical list of almost 2,000 names.
Elvia Foster was born in 1884 and married my ex-husband's grandmother's uncle. A 1916 Michigan marriage register was my only source of information for Elvia. The register lists the parents of the 32-year-old bride as Albert and "Unknown".
Poor Elvia needed more documents badly. Here's what I learned from several searches:
Go after every major document so you can see the whole picture.
1. 1910 United States Federal Census
I found a 1910 census with an "Elva" Foster. She was from the right state (Michigan), but her father is Alfred J. Foster, not Albert. Her mother is either Lillie or Nellie. So I started looking for Elvia (or Elva) after her marriage.
2. 1920 United States Federal Census
In 1920 "Elvah" was still in Michigan, married to James Kinney. Their ages and places of birth supported the 1910 census information. I saw that she was a bookkeeper in a casket company. That's helpful. The 1910 census I'm not so sure about shows Elva Foster working as a bookkeeper in a cabinet company. Caskets are sort of cabinets…
But something caught my eye. Listed right above the Kinney family in the 1920 census are Alfred J. and Nellie L. Foster. The Fosters have one son with them: Everitt born in 1899. I checked that 1910 census again. There is a son listed as E. Lesley born in 1900. Taken together, these are good reasons to believe these Fosters are Elvia/Elva/Elvah's family.
Be careful not to overlook another part of the family.
Be careful not to overlook another part of the family.
3. 1930 United States Federal Census
In 1930 James and Elva are living in the same house as in 1920, but the Fosters are gone. Elva has worked her way up to office executive at the casket factory. Her husband James has changed careers. He's now a cabinet maker at a furniture factory. Maybe Elva's father, a carpenter, taught James a thing or two.
4. 1940 United States Federal Census
In 1940 James and Elva are still at the same address. There are no Fosters nearby. They're getting on in years. Elva has retired and James is in another industry.
5. 1900 United States Federal Census
I did one more search for an earlier census. The 1900 census lists Alfred J. Foster as James A. Foster. His year and place of birth agree with the other censuses. His wife is again listed as Nellie L., and Everitt or E. Lesley is now Lesley E. Pick a name, dude!
Luckily there was one more entry: Alfred's mother-in-law. She's listed as Elizabeth Beaumont, widow. So Nellie's maiden name must be Beaumont, right?
Normally I'd say "Yes…most of the time." But this was not enough data to be sure Nellie was a Beaumont. What if her mother had remarried?
6. Death Records
Since I had all the censuses I needed for Elva, I wanted to search for her death date. If I could find that, she would be complete in my document tracker. I'd have all the major documents I wanted.
Here's where I got really lucky. A Michigan death record and a Find-a-Grave link appeared at the top of my search results. The Michigan death record provides her birth date, town of birth, and death date. It confirms that her father was Alfred James Foster. It tells me why her mother was called Nellie: her given name was Cornelia. But Nellie's full maiden name is Cornelia Leona Peck, not Beaumont.
On the Find-a-Grave website, someone added photos and detailed information about the Foster family. Nellie's father was named Peck. Her mother (Elizabeth Beaumont from the 1900 census) had the maiden name Blackford. Hey! That's the name of a boarder living with the Foster family in the 1900 census.
Sure enough, Elizabeth Blackford did marry twice. Her first husband was John Peck, father of Nellie. Her second husband was Frederick Beaumont.
I'm not going to go any further on documenting the Foster family. They're way too unrelated to me. My policy is to capture the names of an in-law's parents. But I'm not going to add Nellie's siblings or parents. All I wanted to do was confirm Nellie's maiden name.
Now I have lots of data on Elva (that's the spelling that's used the most) Foster Kinney. There's nothing more I need to find on such a distant in-law.
Finding and processing the documents mentioned here took less than 2 hours (see "How to Increase the Value of Your Family Tree Images"). Now my tree, shared on, has the right names for James Kinney's wife and her parents.
This example shows why I encourage you to keep an inventory of the documents you have and the ones you're missing.
Those missing documents may completely change the facts in your family tree.
Friday, October 12, 2018
Find Out What You're Missing on Those Immigration Records
Who and what are you overlooking on that ship manifest?
On 10 February 1909 my great grandfather boarded the S.S. Cretic in Naples, bound for New York City. He came to America a handful of times, earned money and went back home to Italy.
But his 1909 ship manifest is absolutely my favorite. His name is on line 3. But the men on lines 2, 4, 5 and 6 are all from his hometown. In fact, they're all related. Closely related.
Have you ever noticed on any of your relatives' ship manifests that people are often listed by town? You'll see several lines of people from one town, then several lines of people from another town.
Are you looking carefully at the other people from your relative's town? What are their last names? What are the names of the relatives they're leaving at home? Who are they joining at their destination, and what address are they going to?
If you look at these facts, you may find that some of the townspeople are related to your ancestor.
Take a look at my 5 townsmen.
Their relationships may not be obvious. Find all the clues and do some digging.
On lines 3 and 4 you have 2 Iamarino brothers. They happen to be married to 2 Pilla sisters. Those sisters have a brother Innocenzo on line 5. They also have a sister who's married to Antonio Paolucci on line 6. So the men on lines 3–6 are brothers or brothers-in-law.
They're all travelling with another Paolucci on line 2. He is their cousin, and with some more research, I'm confident he'll be a closer cousin. Maybe he'll be another brother-in-law, too!
The first thing to catch my eye on this ship manifest was the name of my great grandfather's hometown: Colle Sannita. I saw it there with several ditto marks, meaning here were several people from the same town. Not a husband and wife and their kids—but 5 men.
This makes a messy graphic, but humor me.
Look beyond the name and ages, and see all there is to learn.
When I found this ship manifest, I was searching only for my great grandfather, Francesco Iamarino. But all those Colle Sannita people were calling out to me.
This was the first time I learned of my great grandfather's brothers: Teofilo, on the ship with him, and Giuseppe, who they were going to join.
I checked the column where passengers list the name of a relative they left at home. Francesco lists his wife Libera. That's my great grandmother. Teofilo lists his wife Filomena.
Suddenly I had proof for a family story I'd heard. Two Iamarino brothers had married two Pilla sisters. Sure enough, Libera and Filomena were the sisters who married the brothers Francesco and Teofilo.
But wait! There's more!
Notice how all 5 men are going to the exact same destination. They are going to an address in New York City to join Giuseppe Iamarino.
Giuseppe is:
• Giorgio's cousin
• Francesco's brother
• Teofilo's brother
• Innocenzo's brother-in-law
• Antonio's cousin
Wait. What? Is Antonio Paolucci on line 6 both my great grandfather's cousin and my great grandmother's brother-in-law? I've got more research to do.
If you're downloading your ancestor's ship manifest and simply filing it away, go back and look at it. How many names, relationships and clues are waiting there for you to discover?
Friday, September 21, 2018
How to Keep from Going Too Far with Your Family Tree
How do you know when to stop gathering documents and facts for the in-laws in your family tree?
My full collection of documents for a distant cousin's wife.
For certain types of distant relatives, I'm collecting
the basic documents and stopping right there.
I've been thinking about this ever since I decided to delete the in-laws of distant relatives from my tree.
Here's an example. When I was new at family history research, "easy" families were impossible to resist. So, when I saw my Great Uncle Mike's granddaughter-in-law had a tree with 7 generations of Uncle Mike's wife's family, I "adopted" them all.
I added this big branch to my tree with little or no documentation. I found documents for some of the people, but I didn't care enough about this branch to see it through. They weren't mine.
My new policy is simple. Unless I have a reason to go further, I will stop at the parents of a relative's spouse. I kept Uncle Mike's wife's parents, but the rest of her many ancestors are gone.
The 2 main reasons I would break this policy are:
1. An in-law asked me to research their family.
2. The in-law family is from the same town as mine and may be related.
With this new policy fresh on my mind, I found myself looking at documents for a relative's wife today. I downloaded Emily's naturalization papers from 2 weeks ago. They were offering free access for a few days.
The site had indexed Emily by her married name—my family name—which is why I found her. I recognized who she was immediately and downloaded the 2 pages. Then they sat on my desktop for a while.
When I finally examined the naturalization papers, I realized I had Emily's:
• date and place of birth in Italy
• immigration date with the name of the ship
The pages also confirm the birth dates I had for her husband and son, so they're well worth having.
Before I found her naturalization papers, all I had for Emily was:
• Her 1927 marriage certificate—but not a copy of it. I saw and transcribed it at the New York City Municipal Archives years ago. Her parents' names were on that marriage certificate, so I already had them in my tree.
• The 1940 U.S. Federal Census.
• The Social Security Death Index record of her death in 1991.
Knowing that I have no plans to add anyone else from her family, what other documents should I try to find and add to my tree?
Her naturalization papers say she was born on 2 Dec 1907 in Savignano, Italy. So I've got to look for that document. Vital records for Savignano are available online, so I drilled down to the year 1907 and found it.
This document gives me her mother's original name and her father's age and occupation. I don't need any more details about Emily's parents.
In 1907 Emily's town was called Savignano di Puglia. She was born on Via San Giovanni.
Oh, by the way, her name isn't Emily. I always thought it might be Emilia, but now I have her birth record. She was born Ermilinda Franceschina Concettina D'Apice. She signed her marriage certificate as Emily, and her naturalization papers say Emily. But those papers also include the name "Ermelinda".
Now I have Emily's:
• 1907 birth in Italy
• 1927 marriage in New York
• 1940 census in New York
• 1944 naturalization in New York
• 1991 death in New York
What's the most important piece of documentation missing from that list? She was born in Italy and married in New York. How did she come to America, and with whom?
Emily and her sister Giuseppa came to New York in 1919 to join their sister Elvira in the Bronx.
Her naturalization papers include an immigration date of 19 Dec 1919 aboard the S.S. Duca D'Aosta.
When I found her ship manifest, she was single and sailing with her much older, unmarried sister, Giuseppa. They listed their father Angelo, so I knew they were the right family from Savignano. They were joining their other sister, Elvira, at 628 Morris Avenue in the Bronx.
Emily's street in Savignano still exists. It's always nice to get an idea of where the people in your family tree came from.
I had to laugh when I saw that address, because if you were going there, you were bound to meet my relatives.
So now I've learned the names of 2 of Emily's sisters, the age of one of them and the address of the other. But I have a policy now. No unnecessary siblings of the spouse of a distant relative.
That's why Giuseppa and Elvira D'Apice will live in my tree only in Emily's immigration notes. Having a policy makes it much easier to deal with questionable situations like this. What I will add, because her husband and son belong to my family, is her 1930 census. And maybe I'll find her and her sisters in the 1920 census. But no more than that!
If you're a fan of Mel Brooks' movie "The Producers," you may recognize the phrase I will repeat when I'm tempted to add a wildly distant in-law to my family tree. "Be brutal! Be brutal!"
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Versions Compared
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This guide describes the suggested steps for migrating customers from classic USAS to USAS-R. The article assumes that the district instance has already been configured as described in Production Release#SettingupaDistrictInstance
Step-by-step guide
1. Review the information contained on the Pre Data Extract Procedures page.
2. Export Classic data as described in the USAS Classic Export Process.
1. Pay particular attention to the parameters that this procedure accepts, especially P5 (the fifth parameter). This is necessary for exporting data for the Redesign.
3. Import the extracted data into USAS-R as described in Import Classic Data into USxS Redesign. This page also provides examples of common import errors.
4. Review the resulting usasimport.log file for errors
The end of the import log will have a binary status that will indicate whether the importer ran to completion. It will appear similar to the following example.
districtname_usasimport_1 exited with code 0
A code of 0 indicates the importer ran to completion whereas a code of 1 signifies the importer terminated with an unknown exception.
Please note: A status of 0 does not mean there were no errors and the logs should still be reviewed. This status simply means the importer ran to completion. A status of 1 always indicates a failure. With a status of 1 the underlying cause will need to be determined and the import will need to be re-run after the issue is corrected.
Just above the exit status will be an Import Summary. This summary will list each import and provide the number of records loaded and the number of errors for that import. If any errors occurred they will list below the summary information.
5. Review the information on the Post Import Procedures page.
6. Once a successful import has been certified we recommend immediately creating a database backup using the /ssdt/script/ script.
Content by Label
cqllabel in ("extract","import") and type = "page" and space = "FSKB"
labelsimport extract
Page properties
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