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Verdi Variations
In March 1982 the Italian ballet ensemble Aterballetto, founded by Amedeo Amodio, was one year old. It opened its second season with an adventurous programme which included MacMillan’s Verdi Variations. This was an extended duet, a showpiece for two of the company’s frequent guest dancers Elisabetta Terabust and Peter Schaufuss, and would be incorporated into Quartet, which MacMillan was then creating for Sadler’s Wells Royal Ballet.
For John Percival of The Times, who was at the first performance, this was MacMillan’s “most successful creation for some time... an extended duet of pure virtuosity”. He continued: “Terabust never looked better than she does in her solos, full of pretty little steps, and in the many off-balance poses of the adagio sections. Schaufuss, besides partnering her with unfailing strength and friendly attentiveness, tackles such wildly whirling leaps in his solos that there is no defining or even describing them; yet the most prodigiously abandoned moments are all carried off with astonishing accuracy.” | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9667938351631165}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '25442', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PGKFYRYU727N2X5RNRZZTK4APG7ZMTLS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:530cea06-c7f9-44b7-a56d-305b2cb034b6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 30, 3, 27, 13), 'WARC-IP-Address': '162.13.74.118', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LKCJCXX4WBKBZB4OKET532CQQDEIROB6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6fca3e34-c23c-43a3-8d06-1b6357d0de71>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://kennethmacmillan.com/ballets/all-works/1977-1992/verdi-variations.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b836d96b-1bbc-4f01-bb8a-a87ab0a467ba>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '161', 'url': 'http://kennethmacmillan.com/ballets/all-works/1977-1992/verdi-variations.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-30\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.030488014221191406', 'original_id': '5335aad572abf1fe425d42a3249f55679fdc2881394bd776fc1e5e82575a50b0'} |
What is an Educational Strategy? A Guide of Strategies To Deliver Education
by A Guest Author
Within the world of education, we often hear the term ‘educational strategy’ used but very few people actually know what it means. In this article we explain this term, examine other similar terms which are sometimes used and the different strategies that can be used to educate children.
What is an Educational Strategy?
In simple terms, an educational strategy is a certain approach to teaching children new things. It is usually used in relation to teaching children academic subjects or the national curriculum. Sometimes, it may be referred to as a ‘teaching strategy’ but typically means the same thing. There are several different strategies which can be adopted as part of an educational strategy – these are explored below.
The first educational strategy is teacher led. This means that a teacher, or educational board, will decide which subjects will be taught to children and which learning resources will be used such as text books, worksheets or computer programs for example.
A teacher-led strategy is put together to meet a list of goals which typically include outcomes of the national curriculum. A teacher decides to teach an individual child or group of children in a certain way.
The advantage of a teacher-led educational strategy is that the teacher only has to do one batch of preparation and can tailor their teaching plans specifically to what they need to teach children in a way that works for the teacher. The main disadvantage of a teacher-led educational strategy is that it doesn’t take into account the specific and individual needs of the students. This can lead to some children not being challenged enough in their learning whilst others might be challenged too much, resulting in ineffective learning.
A teacher-led strategy usually meets a list of specific goals
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cybrarian77/6284181389/
A student-led educational strategy is the complete opposite of a teacher-led one. The subjects chosen and method in which they are delivered is tailored to the specific needs of the pupil.
Some children learn better with more hands-on learning such as experiments and games, whilst others learn better in a more traditional theory based approach. One of the main advantages of a student-led approach is that learning resources and exercises can be tailored to the preferences of the child. Another advantage is that in a student-led approach, the learning can be done at a rate to suit the child too.
The main disadvantage of a student-led educational strategy is that the planning is more time-consuming for teachers as lessons and activities have to be planned on an individual basis – thus creating more work.
A student-led approach allows children to learn at their own pace
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/drie0100/6941739633/
Combined Approach
As well as the two extremes of teacher-led and student-led educational strategies, there’s also the combined approach which takes elements of both styles and works them into a new one.
A combined approach to educational strategy usually involves a teacher drawing up lesson plans based on the goals of the curriculum but then tailoring them slightly for the needs of specific students. Usually this is done by splitting a class of students up into groups and then tailoring the work to fit the abilities and skill levels of the group, however occasionally a combined approach will also allow for specific students to have a more unique learning experience.
Image Credits: cybrarian77 and MarkGuitarPhoto.
In reality, children do better in a student-led environment where their specific educational needs are met. The reality is usually down to the time and budgets that teachers have to adhere to so a combined approach to educational strategy is usually adopted in most cases.
This post was written by A Guest Author
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MKBUDGET - Making A Budget
A company uses temporary employees (“temps”) to handle its varying workloads. By doing so, it avoids having to pay for benefits normally provided to its permanent employees. However, the company must pay an employment agency a fixed fee for each temp they hire, as well as paying the temp a fixed amount of severance pay when they are terminated – in addition, of course, to the monthly salary each temp receives. The company has a good understanding of when it needs temporary workers, and how many such workers it will require each month. Depending on the fee paid to the employment agency, the temporary worker’s salary, and the severance pay, it may make sense to retain an unneeded worker for one or more months if it’s known that they will be needed again in the future.
Let’s consider an example. Suppose we know that in March the company will need 10 temps, in April they’ll need 9, and in May they’ll need 11. Suppose a temp earns $500 per month, that the employment agency receives $400 for each temp hired, and $600 is paid as severance to each temp that is terminated. If the company employs just the minimum number of temps required, then their payments will be as follows (we ignore the cost of terminating all employees at the end of the last month):
The total cost to the company is $20,400. But suppose they did not terminate the unneeded temp at the end of March, but just let that person remain employed. They would then save $400 in employment agency fees (since they’d need to hire just one additional temp for May), $600 in severance pay, and only have to pay the temp worker $500, for an overall savings of $500.
In this problem you are given, as input, the number of months for which the company is to plan its temp worker budget, the cost of hiring and firing a temp worker, the temp worker’s monthly salary, and the required minimum number of workers needed each month. You are to determine the minimum cost to the company to have at least the required minimum number of workers on hand each month. Assume there are no temporary workers on hand before the first month, and that the cost of terminating the workers at the end of the last month is not to be included in the cost. You may assume that the planning interval will be no longer than 24 months, and the hiring cost, severance pay, and monthly salary for each temp worker is greater than zero.
There will be multiple cases to consider. The input for each case begins with an integer N, the number of months for which planning is required (never larger than 24). This is followed by three integers giving the cost of hiring a worker, the worker’s monthly salary, and the severance pay for a terminated worker. Finally there will appear N integers giving the required minimum number of workers needed in each month. The last case will be followed by a zero.
For each input case, display the case number (1, 2, …) and the minimum cost to the company. Use the format shown in the examples below.
3 400 500 600 10 9 11
8 400 600 600 11 9 10 14 9 9 13 15
Case 1, cost = $19900
Case 2, cost = $66600
hide comments
ankitpriyarup: 2018-12-22 14:14:13
I don't know how recursion with memoization worked for others for me bottom-up DP worked. Anyone willing to share memoized solution please share :)
Last edit: 2018-12-22 14:17:07
aman_sachin200: 2018-06-15 20:53:10
The key to solving this problem lies in "Firing the employees Efficiently!!" :P
Nice One!!! :D
Last edit: 2018-06-15 20:54:07
hello_world123: 2018-06-15 19:39:54
Don't know why all ranting about the limits , there is no need of knowing in advance. No need of using long int .
Last edit: 2018-06-15 19:58:04
manas0008: 2017-02-04 07:35:35
1)donot use spoj toolkit for this question(it shows incorrect output)
2)prefer bottom-up approach (i struggled with topdown memorisation but of no use).
3)assume maximum no. of employees needed in a month = 30.
Had to give a lot of time only for debugging.My construction of code time was not even 0.01% of my debugging duration.
Last edit: 2017-02-04 07:36:06
birdie: 2016-01-05 18:16:14
nice one :)
naruto09: 2015-12-26 11:24:48
what will be the output for 3 400 500 600 10 9 9.. ??
theweblover007: 2015-11-13 11:19:43
Couldn't believe when i got AC :p
vedang: 2015-11-02 13:43:11
How do you get $66600 as the output of the second test case? Both my solution and SPOJ toolkit show $68400 as the output for the second test case.
kejriwal: 2015-09-19 21:21:23
nice dp ^_^ :)....
it's really disappointing that the limits on max no. of employees isn't specified..had to read the comments to get it . (30)
Anshul Garg: 2015-08-11 14:31:17
'$' in output costed me WA. take care of the output format :p
Added by:Camilo Andrés Varela León
Time limit:0.188s
Source limit:50000B
Memory limit:1536MB
Cluster: Cube (Intel G860)
Languages:All except: ERL JS-RHINO NODEJS PERL6 VB.NET
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[Continuously diminishing menarcheal age in Denmark].
The aim was to follow the development of the parameters of the distribution of age at menarche in Danish women in recent decades. The study is based on retrospective data from six different samples with a total of 42,784 women, born in the period 1923-1973. We report a renewed decline in the mean menarcheal age in a large Danish sample after a period with a halt in the trend towards an earlier age at menarche in many North European countries. We find a continuously declining mean menarcheal age in Denmark in women born in the years 1964-1973. In a sample of textile workers born in the years 1939-1968 (n = 12,605) we find a higher mean menarcheal age of one year. The results indicate that menarcheal age is still delayed in certain groups in Denmark. It can therefore be expected that the menarcheal age will fall even more in the future. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'f0f77bcc79b033c00fc5fdbf0959c074bfd12509f4bc78db3d9d57e3469c08ae'} |
The Times Aren't A-Changing Very Much
I was one of the many people whose response to Bob Dylan winning the Nobel prize for literature was "are you kidding me?!". There were plenty of people commenting on twitter that the Nobel committee were just trolling Philip Roth (or Leonard Cohen): all other men.
The Slate Double X Gabfest had an interesting discussion about whether the Nobel prizes are sexist, and went on to talk a bit about Dylan himself, and the myth of male "genius".
There have been rumours for years about Dylan being a contender for the Nobel - conveniently, the Nobel committees will never confirm or deny any names under consideration, which helps the traffic in this kind of speculation (along with all those supposedly "nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize").
But Dylan has acolytes, or rather, scholars of his genius in a way that women songwriters (and writers in general, in fact), tend not to. Female songwriters have fans, but not "ologists", scrutinising their work with Talmudic intensity, and writing dense scholarly narratives about their significance.
The great female songwriters of the last fifty years are never mentioned as Nobel contenders. The prizes can't be given posthumously, so Nina Simone is out of the running, as deserving as she would have been. Dolly Parton? Surely at least as great as Dylan. Carole King? At least she got a Broadway musical about her life (but then, so did Eva Peron).
I'm sure that the Nobel prizes are not consciously sexist, but they are part of a society that doesn't see in women a flash of the transcendent inspiration we attribute to "genius". After all, a woman writes a novel about marriage, it's called "chick lit" - when a Jonathan (Franzen or Foer) does the same thing, it's taken seriously as literature.
We can't disabuse society of the notion of male genius, but perhaps we can work on seeing women as geniuses too. Dolly Parton-ology: I'm going to make this a field. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.972314953804016}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '34560', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YJTOV7DSPAZ4UXLV2GBBV2WR224O4EGA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e49f033f-64cc-4e12-b759-e0d2e9cf1b08>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 3, 25, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '65.39.205.57', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7BSGZKKKQ7TMCSXDMS6ZNRTCAQBERK24', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3d4cf58c-a26a-4aa3-9ae1-d5d286c6fe02>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://katrinagulliver.com/notesfromthefield/2016/10/21/the-times-arent-a-changing-very-much', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:6bf60736-0d81-485f-9a2c-9def27b7d7c7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '319', 'url': 'http://katrinagulliver.com/notesfromthefield/2016/10/21/the-times-arent-a-changing-very-much', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-95-180-234.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.11595582962036133', 'original_id': 'ce6d96b58dc333054b95a0a923991d73926a8443629faddd9763f18c794581c8'} |
OCR Interpretation
What is OCR?
Thumbnail for
K wMaL-4 sir
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. Miss Helen Cox, daughter of
Washingtonas the guest of Miss
Apple Pudding.
. Chop a cupful of suet-to a coarse
powder and stir into it 3 cupfuls
of flour, twice sifted with a tea
spooniul of baking powder. Add
enough milk to make a dough
that can be rolled out- Roll into
a square sheet. In the center of
the sheet lay 3 cupfuls of peeled
and minced apples, strewn with
Gov.-elect'Cox. She has been in
Genevieve Clark, daughter of the
sugar. Bring the four corners of
the sheet over the fruit, and pinch
the corners together in the mid
dle. Tie up firinly with a piece
of broad white tape passed twice
around the pudding; Lay in a
steamer and cook for 2yz hours.
Remove the tape and serve the
pudding with a hard sauce flavor
ed with lemon juice and powdered
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Terry Robb United States
Terry Robb: Redefining American Primitivism Considered one of the top acoustic blues guitarists on the West Coast, Terry Robb is also an inventive and ever-evolving American primitive master. As an heir to the late, great John Fahey’s musical legacy, Robb is an established icon in a pantheon that includes Robbie Basho, Leo Kottke, Peter Lang, John Renbourn, and Stefan Grossman. Because American primitivism, a transitional style that ranges between country blues and early 20th century string-band music
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How do fat cells protect you from metabolic risk?
In his post last Friday, Peter did a very nice job of introducing the the counter-intuitive idea that having too little fat, rather than too much, causes many of the metabolic problems of obesity. Today I thought it would be good to continue on with this theme and to focus on some of the mechanisms that explain this strange relationship. Let's begin where Peter ended off:
Currently, the emerging theory of why obesity is associated with metabolic disease risk suggests that it is not the excess amount of fat that results in problems - but rather, it is the inability of the fat tissue (specifically subcutaneous) to expand enough via the development of numerous, healthy adipocytes or fat cells to store all the excess calories being ingested.
Fat tissue is made up of many small fat cells, called adipocytes, each of which stores a single droplet of lipid. When we say that there are problems with having too little fat, we really mean that there are problems with having too few adipocytes. For the purposes of this discussion, the most important categories of adipocytes are subcutaneous (those found just below the skin), visceral (those found inside of the abdominal wall) and intermuscular (between muscles). I've taken the figure below from my Master's thesis, which shows where each of these types of cells can be found within the body.
What's interesting about these different types of adipocytes is that they differ in their rates of lipolysis - essentially how rapidly they release fat into the blood stream. In comparison to subcutaneous adipocytes, visceral adipocytes have higher rates of lipolysis and decreased sensitivity to the anti-lipolytic effects of insulin. What this means is that visceral adipocytes are very quick to give up the fat they store, while subcutaneous adipocytes (especially those found in the lower body) hold onto fat, and really resist letting it into the bloodstream. When visceral adipocytes give up their fat, it circulates through the bloodstream where it can accumulate within the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle, resulting in insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. In contrast, subscutaneous adipocytes hold tightly onto their fat, preventing it from doing any damage to the rest of the body (click here for a fantastic in-depth review of the differences between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue by Bernardo Wajchenberg).
Let's say that you're a lean, healthy individual, but for one reason or another you begin to consume more calories than you burn. You are going to start storing fat in your subcutaneous adipocytes. As Peter suggested, so long as you are able to continue storing fat in those subcutaneous adipocytes, you are likely to be metabolically healthy. However, if you continue to gain weight, you will eventually exceed the storage capacity of your subcutaneous adipocytes, at which point fat will start to "overflow" into visceral adipocytes. As mentioned earlier, these visceral adipocytes already have high rates of lipolysis, which is bad enough. But as they enlarge, visceral adipocutes become increasingly insulin resistant, resulting in the release of even higher amounts of fat into the bloodstream, rapid accumulation of fat within the liver and other organs, and increased metabolic risk.
The simple differences in visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes can help to make sense of the "outliers" that Peter discussed in his post on Friday. Individuals with lipodystrophy (who have very few adipocytes) appear lean, but with no place to safely store their fat, it rapidly accumulates within the heart, liver, and muscles, resulting in increased health risk. Similarly, TZD treatment results in an increase in the number of subcutaneous adipocytes, which essentially suck up circulating lipid and reduce metabolic risk accordingly. This is also why it can be so difficult to reduce the amount of fat stored in your hips and thighs - those subcutaneous adipocytes just do not want to release the fat that they are storing! It may be frustrating, but it's terrific from a health perspective!
So, what is the clinical utility of these differences? Unfortunately, not much. We really have no control over where we store our body fat. And the simple fact is that most obese individuals have large amounts of visceral fat, resulting in increased health risk. But I still find it incredibly interesting that, far from being the scourge that people often expect, fat cells are actually extremely important to the healthy function of the human body.
More like this
I know you guys did your best to write the last two posts in plain language for the non-adipose nerds in your readership, but I still don't get it. Does this mean that all skinny bastards like me are considered at risk of early mortality? Or just lazy, skinny bastards like me? How is this related to exercise? Hey, you started it ...
If you don't explain this further, I'm cancelling my subscription to your blog, and going back to reading Douchebags with Hot Chicks; it's much easier to understand.
Thank you for the post!
After following your blog, I do see one utility of this. People with metabolic syndrome should do more resistance training. This could help reduce visceral fat and result in better health outcomes than just focusing on weight loss with unhealthy methods.
It is better to have healthy diet and exercise.But, if someone cannot manage everything, then it is atleast useful to direct them to focus on fat loss.
By Violet in Twilight (not verified) on 22 Mar 2010 #permalink
clear explanation of the types of fat cells. Thanks.
Wow, I can't believe that that is actually a website. Almost as good as Awkward Family Photos.
As to your question, even though you are lean, you would still have plenty of adipocytes (assuming you don't have lipodystrophy, of course). If you have very little body fat then most of your adipocytes (both visceral and subcutaneous) will be in peak condition - small, and insulin sensitive. The more body fat that you have, the greater the likelihood that you have begun storing visceral fat. But as I mentioned in the post, exercise preferentially reduces visceral fat, and it has been suggested that it might be better to be overweight and physically active, rather than lean and inactive. So having a healthy body weight is a good thing, but being physically active is just as important, if not more so.
This is a joke, right? Have you even taken an endocrinology course? Know anything about NAFLD? It isn't caused by "fat spilling" into the blood from fat cells. To say this is what causes insulin resistance anywhere or, more specifically, the liver, is not true. Have you ever seen anyone that was otherwise lean but looked like they had a basketball in their stomach? Ever tried to measure skinfolds on someone like this? It's all visceral fat and it didn't get there from subcutaneous fat "spilling over" and preferentially ending up as visceral fat.
The differences between men and women and fat storage are hormonal, mainly testosterone and estrogen. Go back and read section VI. Here is the last sentence from the first paragraph in sub-heading "B":
"Available information does not indicate that visceral adipose tissue contributes much to liver exposure of FFA"
The quote goes completely against what you stated about subcutaneous and visceral fat. Furthermore, the main cause of NAFLD is dietary fructose, primarily the overconsumption of the pervasive and ubiquitous ingredient HFCS. All of which has absolutely nothing to do with any type of fat cell "spilling over" into the blood stream and targeting the liver.
While we may not have much control over where our body stores fat, we certainly have control over how much it stores. A problem, for the most part, which can be regulated by the foods we eat.
Hi Jordan,
I'm going to have to disagree with you, and not just because you jumped immediately to ad hominem attacks. Of course fat is not literally spilling out of adipocytes, but it is a useful way to conceptualize what is happening, and the "lipid overflow model" is an accepted term in this area of research. For another terrific review from Nature which walks through the overflow model in detail (including its likely contribution to hepatic insulin resistance) click here. Or consider this sentence from a 2004 review in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism:
"Enlarged fat cells are insulin resistant and have diminished capacity to store fat. When adipocyte storage capacity is exceeded, lipid âoverflowsâ into muscle, liver, and perhaps beta-cells, causing muscle/ hepatic insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion"
So I can understand that you might disagree with my arguments, but you have to be willing to completely ignore a large body of evidence to summarize this entire area of research as simply "not true".
The line that you quote from Wajchenberg is (I believe) referring to the fact that it is unclear whether the majority of the fatty acids that make their way to the liver originate in visceral adipocytes, or abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes. As they point out in that same paragraph, the rate of lipolysis is higher in visceral adipocytes, but visceral fat often makes up a much smaller absolute volume than abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. The result is that it is very possible that abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes (which act more like visceral adipocytes than subcutaneous adipocytes found in the lower body) contribute a greater proportion of the total fatty acids which reach the liver - an issue which is discussed nicely by Klein et al. There is also some evidence suggesting that the accumulation of visceral fat causes an increase in lipolysis in abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes, indirectly influencing the amount of lipid that eventually reaches the liver. Suffice it to say that it's a complicated issue, but the Wajchenberg review is hardly a rebuttal of our central arguments - in fact the review itself clearly argues that visceral lipolysis plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance in Figure 3.
The idea that someone could have a basketball stomach but be otherwise relatively lean fits perfectly within the idea of the lipid overflow hypothesis - the individual has very little ability to store fat subcutaneously, therefore the fatty acids accumulate in other depots, including visceral adipocytes. This is similar to the lipodystrophic condition that Peter discussed in his post last week. And I won't disagree that sugars in general (and probably HFCS in particular) are also a major contributor to metabolic dysfunction. There is strong evidence for that as well, but there can certainly be more than one contributing factor to NAFLD.
I'd welcome a genuine discussion of these issues, so if you can provide links to data that you feel dispute my arguments then please add them to a comment below. But if you simply want to compare endocrinology course credits, you're probably in the wrong place.
There is some metabolic truth in your statements. The regulation (or dysregulation) of fat tissue is the same, whether it's subcutaneous or visceral. It's controlled by lpl, which is regulated by several hormones, but most strongly by insulin.
True, visceral fat is more dangerous than subcutaneous fat, but the implication is someone with little visceral fat and 100 pounds of subcutaneous fat is better off than someone with little or no visceral fat and 30 pounds or so of subcutaneous fat is not being scientifically correct. This is the implication in your post. The 100 pounds of subcutaneous fat is a metabolic problem, not very protective.
The key to all of this, of course, is insulin resistance. Fat cells, regardless of whether visceral or subcutaneous are becoming insulin resistant long before they are actually labelled as resistant, readily identified by slow but steady weight gain starting for most in their 30's. This appears to be independent of physical activity, too.
For a type 2 diabetic, insulin resistance is the salient point, not whether the fat goes to subcutaneous or visceral fat stores. Insulin resistance is the salient point for too much fat, regardless of diabetes diagnosis. Elevated insulin makes it very difficult, if not impossible, to release fat from the fat tissue. It can store it but releasing it is a problem.
So you get this cycle of storing fat but not using it, hyperinsulinemia. Fixing this, which can be done through dietary changes - as long as the pancreas is still functional, fixes fat dysregulation, independent of subcutaneous or visceral.
The first step in dietary changes is to remove all forms of sugar (particularly HFCS), most fruit (too much fructose which has to go through the liver) and other high GI carbohydrates. This does two things: significantly reduces impact on the liver and drops triglycerides. It also reduces circulating levels of insulin, allowing fat to be released from the fat cells and used for energy, as opposed to their hyperinsulinemic state of storage.
As far as references go, the regulation of fat tissue has been known for many years. Any medical physiology text should have it clearly detailed. For more recent info, just go to pubmed and search hyperinsulinemia and adipocyte.
Hi Jordan,
Thanks for elaborating. Bob Lustig has made similar arguments about sugar and especially fructose causing increased metabolic risk. While those arguments are pretty persuasive, they don't refute the evidence that visceral fat is also a major contributor to increased metabolic risk. They are simply separate risk factors, in the same way that inflammatory proteins (which we have ignored so far in this discussion) are also a very likely cause of metabolic dysfunction. The presence of one mechanism doesn't disqualify the others. If you know of specific studies that cast some doubt on the mechanisms that I mentioned in the post (rather than simply discussing other separate mechanisms) then it would be great to discuss them in more detail. But if you're not willing/able to share the references that refute these mechanisms, it's tough to get to the bottom of what's actually going on. I'm not being disingenuous - I think the spillover hypothesis makes a lot of sense (not to mention having a solid body of evidence behind it), but if there's a study that disproves it or even suggests that it needs to be re-considered, I'd really like to read it.
I think you're overstating things when you say that "elevated insulin makes it very difficult, if not impossible, to release fat from the fat tissue" - all of the papers that I referenced in my earlier comment have suggested that lipolysis continues once insulin resistance is present (a situation where hyperinsulinemia is also likely), and probably even intensifies from visceral adipocytes. Or consider this finding from a study published in Diabetes:
"Our data indicate, however, that chronic hyperinsulinemia may induce increased rates of lipolysis in contrast to its acute effects. This is the first report to address the long-term effects of insulin on human adipocyte lipid metabolism, and our findings are consistent with clinical observations of the association of hyperinsulinemia with increased lipolytic rate ..."
Again, providing some references to back-up your arguments could make me reconsider my viewpoint.
I'm not sure that my post was suggesting that someone with 2 lbs of visceral fat and 2 lbs of subcutaneous fat is any worse off than an individual with 2 lbs of visceral fat and 30 lbs of subcutaneous fat, although previous cross sectional studies by both Peter and myself have suggested that that may actually be the case. It's certainly counter-intuitive, but in what way is it not "scientifically correct"?
Thank you both for this stimulating and informative discussion.Us curious lay-people are much better equipped to understand "why we are unrelenting in maintaining our weight losses w/ stringent avoidance of "sugar" products and high glycemic "flour" products, or "bad carbohydrates" through programs such as Food Addicts in Recovery Anonymous. We may not understand all the metabolic significance of our abstinences, however, we've seen the often massive weight loss results and the accompanying reduction in medications for pre-diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Getting the gist of this discussion gives me additional ammunition to pursue further careful eating and exercise habits to hopefully reduce the "womanly" (?) subcutaneous fat in the hip/rear region. There IS STILL hope! I'm "only" 54 w/ years of sveltness ahead! And hopefully (again) avoidance, or at least delay of the heart disease plaguing both my too-young parents, and diabetes and other bizarre auto-immune issues my mother is combatting. I'll cross my fingers for extra luck also, that it isn't too late for me from the "very-fat-decade" post-pregnancies after a life-time of "skinniness" but very poor eating habits. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '95', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9570938348770142}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '65807', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7W2NTJT74DDR4WBFJKKC3SYFKNRWH6FQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d028b47c-c175-4ed6-834a-da9eddc671fc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 6, 18, 4, 38, 42), 'WARC-IP-Address': '178.128.144.187', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XYPMYGJ2KZV2QLYTHR2CG7VQBDJ6QXN7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2fdedb9f-431a-4b15-b4da-0c31f7984f04>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://scienceblogs.com/obesitypanacea/2010/03/22/how-do-fat-cells-protect-you-f', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d6523c1c-b432-467f-ab1a-d2f6b74047b3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2723', 'url': 'https://scienceblogs.com/obesitypanacea/2010/03/22/how-do-fat-cells-protect-you-f', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-26\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-147-84-78.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.3090516924858093', 'original_id': '5f8d27f728c25a57619597860374530be5f10e2453dbe56b2b447870d833cc99'} |
Q:
Exchange of two covariant derivatives of a 1-form
I'm trying to prove formula $(1.1.3)$ shown below (I've already proven all the ones above)
:
I managed to show that:
$$
\nabla_{i} \nabla_{j} v_{k} = \frac{\partial^2 v^k}{\partial x^i \partial x^{j}}
- \sum_s \Gamma_{jk}^{s} \frac{\partial v^s}{\partial x^{i}} - \sum_s \frac{\partial \Gamma_{jk}^s}{\partial x^{i}} v_s - \sum_p \Gamma_{ik}^{p} \frac{\partial v_p}{\partial x^s} + \sum_{p, l} \Gamma_{ik}^{p} \Gamma_{jp}^{l}v_l$$
So $\nabla_{i} \nabla_{j} v_{k}$ would be the same, just renaming $i$ to $j$. But I'm not seeing where $g$ is gonna show up here.
If more context is needed, I got it from here, page $9$.
A:
Never mind. It boils down to the fact that $R_{ijk}^m = g^{lm} R_{ijkl}$. It's an easy computation.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '03e3f471681b526e94d6c61e5469aaf7d67075e06614a8803e989ad94f62fa07'} |
Why Older Students Should Go Back to College?
Many people may plan to go back to college after a period of time. However, these people can be worried because of their older age. They are already out of school for many years and we have seen a growing trend of people who go back to school even if they are not young anymore. College actually gives us a chance to improve ourselves and we will be able to improve our overall careers. People could also enjoy learning process due to their genuine interest on specific subjects. When people are planning to return to campus, it is important that they find people who are in the same condition. It should be an easy thing, because there could be more than a few persons who spend time outside work to improve themselves by going to college.
For these people, it can be relieving to see many bald heads and white hairs in the class. Colleges are not just for 18 years old students and older students also have a place in these educational institutions. However, older students could be concerned whether they can keep up with younger students. Older students may find that they have rusty or even non-existent study skills. They may also need to balance between study, workplace and family. It is true that things can be much more challenging for older students. Success in educational institution could mean a lot to our future. Older students may plan to prepare for a new career or change job directions,
Despite these drawbacks, older students also have a number of advantages, compared to their younger counterparts. Older people often have knowledge and experience. Older students could still sharpen their study skills and they are more focused to use facilities at college to obtain proper performance in college. People who are older are also less likely to waste time unnecessarily. Young people frequently get involved in parties. While young students often go outside, older people could be focused more studying. Young students may also miss classes, don’t do assignments, sleep in with friends and stay out late. Older students value their time and they are less likely to do that.
Clear focus is necessary for gaining proper performance at school and college. Older students who are focused and also likely more motivated to achieve their educational goals. Older students know that those fun time would result in nothing useful and they had been there before. Older people know that their goal is more than just graduation, but also have proper results. In fact, sororities for married or formerly married students could continue to have the honor of highest GPA. Due to their life experience, older students are also better time manager, especially because they also need to juggle between job and family. Time is always the most precious resources and we shouldn’t be inclined to waste it.
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Land Value Taxation Campaign
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Home FAQ How does one pay LVT with no income?
How does one pay LVT with no income?
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This question arrived by email. "Every now and then I research this and still find no answer: How does somebody pay Land Value Tax if they have no income?"
Who literally has no income? The utterly destitute? Illegal immigrants? Monks or nuns? The latter may be under a vow of poverty, but the institution to which they belong has income, since they occupy buildings which need to be maintained and heated, and they have to get their food from somewhere. The wherewithall comes from charitable donations even if it is the monks' begging bowl. The food may be home-grown.
But if anyone really had no income, then they could avoid having to pay land value tax altogether by moving to a marginal location, where land has no rental value and is therefore subject to zero LVT. Indeed, under the present system of private land ownership, landless people are often forced to sub-marginal locations, as is common in some third world countries. If one owns land, that land has by definition the ability to raise the revenue to pay its rental value, whatever that is.
LVT is proposed as a replacement tax. Existing taxes on income paid by employees have to be built into the prices of all retail goods and services. It is the customer who pays, regardless of their income. The notion that taxes on income are paid by the one who actually receives the income is based on the delusion that the burden of the tax is identical with its incidence. This is true only in the case of LVT, where the incidence rests with the landowner.
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Canton Harbor
FutureCare Canton Harbor is situated in the heart of Baltimore’s popular and trendy Canton neighborhood. Offering breathtaking waterfront views from both inside the facility and out, Canton Harbor is located just three minutes from the I-95 corridor, and is easily accessible for commuters and neighborhood residents alike.
FutureCare Canton Harbor offers a brand new, expansive rehabilitation gym with state-of-the-art therapy and exercise equipment, to help patients recover form orthopedic injuries, stroke, surgery, and other medical procedures.
FutureCare Canton Harbor officially launched a comprehensive Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program in 2012, to expand the scope of services available for short-stay rehabilitation patients. Our staff pulmonologist collaborates with a team of physical, occupational and respiratory therapists, and speech language pathologists, who strive to help each patient rehabilitate and gain strength and functionality, in order to maximize their potential and return to independent living.
Long term clinical care and support is provided by Canton Harbor’s attending physicians, a nurse practitioner, registered and licensed nurses and geriatric nursing assistants, who offer residents around-the-clock medical care. Our team is extensively trained and capable of providing specialized nursing services, tracheotomy care, wound care management, TPN nutritional services and the administration of IV and interarticular antibiotics, as well as pain management interventions. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9282071590423584}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '16665', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2UQPF5YUQU5DBWVRTDF3LZMF4IOGE6E4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1de154de-9417-4f46-b163-76e11100343b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 25, 3, 44, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.79.239.28', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:SIY7LXVESAL33P65JZD6ZGSXWLEWADHA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ce4d106a-058a-4965-96fe-945366ba1463>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://futurecare.com/senior-care-maryland/canton-harbor/2/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:06c5c44c-af17-4c15-bb7f-17243e16a79a>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '204', 'url': 'http://futurecare.com/senior-care-maryland/canton-harbor/2/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-06\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for January 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.024878263473510742', 'original_id': '3de6595e0d47dc3c03129a860af92da4194731ab648420de865e7822128cbe77'} |
Monday, October 10, 2011
30 Dreamers
The results from the Chicago Mathon are online and everyone tried to get the Olympic trials standard. Five people ran 2:18 and I am assuming their first qualifying race for the trials. On the other hand 30 men went out in 1:08-1:09 and ran 2:19 or slower. That's 30 people who trained well enough to run halfway on pace but had problems in the second half. Statistically only one in seven of the people who hit halfway on pace made the goal. I am sure that CIM will be nearly the same.
It's eye opening. I mean I'm only a 1:12 half marathoner this week. Those guys ran three minutes faster than my PR and tried to do it again. What am I doing!? Okay I know that this is a long term process and I fully expect to PR huge even if I do not run 2:18. Plus, I just ran 140 miles last week with 24 of them under six minute pace. I doubt many 2:20+ marathoners put down 140 mile weeks.
I'm just saying, the odds are stacked against my time goal this cycle, but you never know until you try. Seeing that at Chicago the odds were one in seven for those that made it halfway is motivational. I didn't think the odds were that good.
1. 1 in 7 is fantastic! Even for men playing basketball for an NCAA program, the chance of making it to the NBA is 1 in 75 (and only 1 in 35 high school players play for NCAA programs!).
You're so close to your goals but luckily 26 miles, 385 yards in less than 2:18 is the shortest leg of the great things you have left ahead of you!
2. Thanks Lane! Yes, it's humbling seeing only 1 in 7, but as you say, most other places in life do no provide chances that good.
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9798893332481384}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '117559', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FJ2CEEYPAFKBZ5ZUNEGKUYHWQIM4LXYO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9e73e3b9-3141-43d2-b54b-4de6f704799a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 7, 8, 53, 48), 'WARC-IP-Address': '142.251.163.121', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LVJT72HHAXTS2RGOO5ZSJ7WBSOFCMN6O', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:28d85e2f-79aa-47c1-887e-69cf7a9fb32d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.isaiahjanzen.com/2011/10/30-dreamers.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:30671ed9-8413-4381-bd4d-b81214c718fc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '335', 'url': 'http://www.isaiahjanzen.com/2011/10/30-dreamers.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-150\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08728593587875366', 'original_id': 'f8e41f26d05f080ed32cd38428e5ef3c3efd13c4f1484bddc7689a79cc7a3d16'} |
Stressing that the killing of “about three” people, which the President of the Philippines admitted to personally committing, while serving as the Mayor of the city of Davao clearly constituted murder, the United Nations human rights chief called on the judicial authorities in the country to uphold the rule of law and investigate the self-professed crimes.
“The killings committed by [President Duterte of the Philippines], by his own admission, at a time when he was a mayor, clearly constitute murder,” said the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein.
“It should be unthinkable for any functioning judicial system not to launch investigative and judicial proceedings when someone has openly admitted being a killer,” he added.
According to the UN human rights arm, Mr. Duterte told business leaders last week that he had patrolled the streets personally on his motorcycle and killed people. On Friday, in an interview with the BBC, he confirmed that he had personally killed “about three” people during his term as the mayor of Davao.
“The killings described by President Duterte also violate international law, including the right to life, freedom from violence and force, due process and fair trial, equal protection before the law, and innocence until proven guilty,” underscored High Commissioner Zeid, adding that if Mr. Duterte, as a government official, encouraged others to follow his example, he may also have committed incitement to violence.
It should be unthinkable for any functioning judicial system not to launch investigative and judicial proceedings when someone has openly admitted being a killerHigh Commissioner Zeid
Mr. Zeid also said that Mr. Duterte's repeated calls for the police, military and the general public to engage in a 'war on drugs', bringing people in 'dead or alive', has emboldened an environment of alarming impunity and violence and that repeated statements indicating immunity for police officers who engaged in human rights violations in the line of duty were “a direct violation of all democratic safeguards that have been established to uphold justice and the rule of law.”
UN's human rights chief Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein on Tuesday urged the Philippines judicial authorities to launch investigative processes following last week’s admission of murder by the president of the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte.
The High Commissioner's Office (OHCHR) said that since Mr. Duterte's assumed presidency on 30 June, more than 6,100 people have reportedly been killed either by police, or by vigilantes and mercenaries, apparently acting in response to the President's 'war on drugs.'
“In his public comments last week, Mr. Duterte promised 'For as long as there are drug lords, this campaign will go on until the last day of my term and until all of them are killed.',” OHCHR noted.
“Credible and independent investigations must be urgently re-opened into the killings in Davao, as well as into the shocking number of killings that have occurred across the country since Mr. Duterte became president,” underlined the UN human rights chief, stressing:
“The perpetrators must be brought to justice, sending a strong message that violence, killings and human rights violations will not be tolerated by the State and that no one is above the law.”
Mr. Zeid also called on the Government to lift a series of preconditions it imposed on a planned visit by the UN Special Rapporteur on summary executions to investigate alleged extra-judicial killings of suspected drug dealers. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '96ed40755a840e0c8dcc740e2f19d23aee9879cc53fcdc90f666af59dbd66e2e'} |
45100108 - Chargeback for State Office Pharmacy Services
Account
Description
FY2013Spending
FY2014GAA
4510-0108
Chargeback for State Office Pharmacy Services For the costs of pharmaceutical drugs and services provided by the state office for pharmacy services, in this item called SOPS; provided, that SOPS shall notify in writing all agencies listed below of their obligations under this item by July 15, 2013; provided further, that SOPS shall continue to be the sole provider of pharmacy services for the following agencies currently under SOPS: the department of public health, the department of mental health, the department of developmental services, the department of correction, the department of youth services, the sheriff's departments of Barnstable, Berkshire, Bristol, Dukes, Essex, Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Middlesex, Norfolk and Plymouth and the Soldiers' Homes in the cities of Holyoke and Chelsea; provided further, that SOPS shall become the sole provider of pharmacy services to the following agencies currently not being serviced by SOPS by the end of fiscal year 2014: the sheriff's departments of Worcester and Suffolk; provided further, that SOPS shall be the sole provider of pharmacy services for all said agencies and all costs for pharmacy services shall be charged by this item; provided further, that these agencies shall not charge or contract with any other alternative vendor for pharmacy services other than SOPS; provided further, that SOPS shall develop an implementation plan to transition the following agencies within the current fiscal year: the sheriff's departments of Worcester and Suffolk; provided further, that SOPS shall validate previously-submitted pharmacy expenditures including HIV drug assistance program drug reimbursements during fiscal year 2014; provided further, that SOPS shall report to the house and senate committees on ways and means not later than April 16, 2014 detailing the projected savings realized by each transitioning agency in comparison to their pharmacy costs in fiscal year 2013 and their projected savings for fiscal year 2015; and provided further, that the report shall also provide recommendations for the inclusion of other entities that may realize cost savings by joining SOPS | mini_pile | {'original_id': '24edf7cc42664b03a686cf47b3eea204e5c995285f3ef23d7505c90b14948022'} |
Manhattan 1.11
“Tangier” 10/5/14
Magpie gets a visit by the SS and asked if he is an American spy. He says yes so they cut off his head and send it to America.
Cosley and Helen are camping and he informs her of their breakthru but of course she already knows
Liza is on methamphetamines.
Aikley confronts Charlie about his “relationship” with Helen.
Elodie and Abby are spending time together.
Glenn quits implosion and goes to work for Openheimer.
Charlie makes Helen openly break up with him in front of the guys.
Occam visits Frank and tells him about Magpie.
Crosley proposes to Helen.
Lancefield confronts Charlie and tells him he knows he’s collaborating with Frank and as soon as Aikley comes back he’s going to tell on him.
Frank tells Charlie to get rid of Lancefield so he decides to get Abby to plant papers and she does it thereby.
Helen turns Crosley down.
Crosley hears a turn of phrase out of Frank’s mouth and starts to suspect him so turns the fact Aikley’s team is working on implosion thereby busting him.
Manhattan is really really really good tvthatiwatch.
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Bloomberg: Feds announce weak “emergency order”
Repost from Bloomberg Business Week
The Government Takes a Weak Stab at Making Oil Trains Safer
By Matthew Philips | May 08, 2014
On Wednesday, a week after a train loaded with crude oil from North Dakota exploded in downtown Lynchburg, Va., dumping 30,000 gallons of oil into the James River, the Department of Transportation announced two moves to try to keep this from happening so frequently. It’s doubtful that either will make much of a difference in preventing what’s become a major safety hazard in the U.S.
Under a new “emergency order,” the DOT said it’s now going to require any railroad that ships a large amount of crude to tell state emergency responders what it’s up to. That includes telling them how much crude it’s hauling and the exact route it intends to take. Railroads also now have to provide local emergency responders with contact information of at least one person who’s familiar with the load, in case, you know the local fire chief needs to find out what the heck’s inside that overturned tank car that just unleashed a 400-foot fireball.
This emergency order applies to any train carrying more than 1 million gallons of crude specifically from the Bakken region of North Dakota. That’s essentially all the trains hauling crude across the U.S. right now. Since there aren’t enough pipelines connecting the oil fields in North Dakota, most of the nearly 1 million barrels the state produces leaves every day by train. It takes about 35 tank cars to haul 1 million gallons. Most of these oil trains are 100 cars long and stretch over a mile.
The reason this applies only to Bakken crude is twofold. First, that’s most of what’s being hauled. Second, the oil coming out of the Bakken is unlike any other kind that’s out there. It’s light, sweet, and superflammable, with high levels of propane and methane. That makes it almost impossible for local first responders to put out the fires that erupt when these trains derail. Sometimes, their only recourse is to evacuate the area and watch the tank cars burn.
The amount of oil moving by train each month has risen by nearly 400 percent since 2009Data: American Association of RailroadsThe amount of oil moving by train each month has risen by nearly 400 percent since 2009
On top of the emergency order, the DOT on Wednesday issued a “safety advisory,” in which it “strongly urg[ed]” the oil companies shipping Bakken crude on trains to use the best tank cars they can. This advisory came from the Federal Railroad Administration, a division of DOT. How that differs from the organization’s normal position on safety isn’t clear. But it seems not unlike the FAA, after a rash of plane crashes, “strongly urging” airlines to buy the safest kind of planes they can and stop using old, outclassed ones.
The old, outclassed ones in this case is the DOT-111 model of tank car that’s been involved in most of the crude train explosions, including the one last summer in Quebec that killed 47 people. Although it’s widely deemed unfit for transporting crude, the DOT-111 is used to move the vast majority of oil sent by train in the U.S. It’s also the same classification of tank car that’s used to haul agricultural commodities, such as corn or soybeans.
According to the investment bank Cowen Group, about 100,000 DOT-111 tank cars in the U.S. are used to haul flammables such as crude and ethanol. About three-quarters of them may require retrofitting or a gradual phaseout. While some energy companies, such as Tesoro, are already choosing to phase out DOT-111s in their North Dakota operations, most companies are sticking with them until they’re forced to change. A complicating factor is that it’s not even clear, given how volatile Bakken crude is, whether using safer, better-reinforced cars would even help keep a derailed train from exploding.
The DOT’s safety advisory urging the use of better tank cars is a weaker step than what Canadian regulators did two weeks ago, when they aggressively moved to phase out all DOT-111s from hauling crude within three years. In an e-mail, a DOT spokesperson wrote that the agency is moving as quickly as it can to update its tank car regulations and that the safety advisory is a step it can take immediately. Last week, DOT Secretary Anthony Foxx sent to the White House a list of options on how to make crude-by-rail safer.
Philips is an associate editor for Bloomberg Businessweek in New York. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '42', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.951386332511902}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '184458', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GY6WSZLPFQ2KTRBS4C7Z4IBGVBEINDE6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:21f5fe56-2c05-44ea-8ba6-83eb6042e85d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 17, 21, 56, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.229.238.130', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YWPWGAWJTPJKZKCBANHMKCQFH7VJHEMX', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4756d88a-d3fd-4673-90ad-ec6d19520e8c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://beniciaindependent.com/bloomberg-feds-announce-weak-emergency-order/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3a49a82f-d2ad-4499-9126-c5e28a88dde0>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '757', 'url': 'http://beniciaindependent.com/bloomberg-feds-announce-weak-emergency-order/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-172.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.024079561233520508', 'original_id': 'b695558b40d5588dfe7fc281099abebf9d6b9a4839d43ea0132d0d606ee13402'} |
Sericanthe gabonensis
Art der Gattung Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis wissenschaftlicher Name Sericanthe gabonensis, Autor(en) des Taxons Bonaventure Sonké, Autor(en) des Taxons Elmar Robbrecht, veröffentlicht im Jahr 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis taxonomischer Rang Art
Sericanthe gabonensis übergeordnetes Taxon Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis ist ein(e) Taxon
Sericanthe gabonensis IPNI-TaxonName-ID 77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis African-Plant-Database-ID 232677
Sericanthe gabonensis POWO-URN urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis Tropicos-ID 100384276
Sericanthe gabonensis OTT-ID 6070390
Sericanthe gabonensis World-Flora-Online-ID wfo-0001333398
Sericanthe gabonensis CoL-ID 6YHCH
Sericanthe gabonensis GBIF-ID 7737259
Sericanthe gabonensis Kurzname
Sericanthe gabonensis
species of plant
Sericanthe gabonensis taxon name Sericanthe gabonensis, taxon author Bonaventure Sonké, taxon author Elmar Robbrecht, year of publication of scientific name for taxon 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis taxon rank species
Sericanthe gabonensis parent taxon Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis instance of taxon
Sericanthe gabonensis IPNI plant ID 77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis African Plant Database ID 232677
Sericanthe gabonensis Plants of the World Online ID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis Tropicos ID 100384276
Sericanthe gabonensis Open Tree of Life ID 6070390
Sericanthe gabonensis World Flora Online ID wfo-0001333398
Sericanthe gabonensis Catalogue of Life ID 6YHCH
Sericanthe gabonensis GBIF taxon ID 7737259
Sericanthe gabonensis short name
Sericanthe gabonensis
Sericanthe gabonensis nome scientifico Sericanthe gabonensis, autore tassonomico Bonaventure Sonké, autore tassonomico Elmar Robbrecht, data di descrizione scientifica 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis livello tassonomico specie
Sericanthe gabonensis taxon di livello superiore Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis istanza di taxon
Sericanthe gabonensis identificativo tassonomico IPNI 77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis identificativo Tropicos 100384276
Sericanthe gabonensis identificativo Catalogue of Life 6YHCH
Sericanthe gabonensis identificativo GBIF 7737259
Sericanthe gabonensis nome in breve
Sericanthe gabonensis
Sericanthe gabonensis nombre del taxón Sericanthe gabonensis, autor del taxón Bonaventure Sonké, autor del taxón Elmar Robbrecht, fecha de descripción científica 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis categoría taxonómica especie
Sericanthe gabonensis taxón superior inmediato Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis instancia de taxón
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador IPNI 77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador African Plant Database 232677
Sericanthe gabonensis Plants of the World online ID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador Tropicos 100384276
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador Open Tree of Life 6070390
Sericanthe gabonensis World Flora Online ID wfo-0001333398
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador Catalogue of Life 6YHCH
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador de taxón en GBIF 7737259
Sericanthe gabonensis nombre corto
Sericanthe gabonensis
Sericanthe gabonensis nom scientifique du taxon Sericanthe gabonensis, auteur taxonomique Bonaventure Sonké, auteur taxonomique Elmar Robbrecht, date de description scientifique 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis rang taxonomique espèce
Sericanthe gabonensis taxon supérieur Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis nature de l’élément taxon
Sericanthe gabonensis identifiant International Plant Names Index d'une plante 77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis identifiant Base de données des plantes d'Afrique 232677
Sericanthe gabonensis identifiant Plants of the World Online urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis identifiant Tropicos d'un taxon 100384276
Sericanthe gabonensis identifiant Open Tree of Life 6070390
Sericanthe gabonensis identifiant World Flora Online wfo-0001333398
Sericanthe gabonensis identifiant Catalogue of Life 6YHCH
Sericanthe gabonensis identifiant Global Biodiversity Information Facility 7737259
Sericanthe gabonensis nom court
Sericanthe gabonensis
taxon
Sericanthe gabonensis wetenschappelijke naam Sericanthe gabonensis, taxonauteur Bonaventure Sonké, taxonauteur Elmar Robbrecht, datum van taxonomische publicatie 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis taxonomische rang soort
Sericanthe gabonensis moedertaxon Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis is een taxon
Sericanthe gabonensis IPNI-identificatiecode voor taxon 77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis African Plant Database-identificatiecode 232677
Sericanthe gabonensis Plants of the World Online-identificatiecode urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis Tropicos-identificatiecode voor taxon 100384276
Sericanthe gabonensis Open Tree of Life-identificatiecode 6070390
Sericanthe gabonensis World Flora Online-identificatiecode wfo-0001333398
Sericanthe gabonensis Catalogue of Life-identificatiecode 6YHCH
Sericanthe gabonensis GBIF-identificatiecode 7737259
Sericanthe gabonensis verkorte naam
Sericanthe gabonensis
вид растение
Sericanthe gabonensis име на таксон Sericanthe gabonensis, дата на публикуване на таксон 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis ранг на таксон вид
Sericanthe gabonensis родителски таксон Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis екземпляр на таксон
Sericanthe gabonensis IPNI plant ID 77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis кратко име
Sericanthe gabonensis
Sericanthe gabonensis международное научное название Sericanthe gabonensis, дата публикации названия 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis таксономический ранг вид
Sericanthe gabonensis ближайший таксон уровнем выше Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis это частный случай понятия таксон
Sericanthe gabonensis код названия таксона в IPNI 77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis African Plant Database 232677
Sericanthe gabonensis код Plants of the World Online urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis код имени таксона в Tropicos 100384276
Sericanthe gabonensis код Open Tree of Life 6070390
Sericanthe gabonensis код World Flora Online wfo-0001333398
Sericanthe gabonensis код Catalogue of Life 6YHCH
Sericanthe gabonensis идентификатор GBIF 7737259
Sericanthe gabonensis краткое имя или название
Sericanthe gabonensis
Sericanthe gabonensis taxon nomen Sericanthe gabonensis, annus descriptionis 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis ordo species
Sericanthe gabonensis parens Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis est taxon
Sericanthe gabonensis nomen breve
Sericanthe gabonensis
вид рослин
Sericanthe gabonensis наукова назва таксона Sericanthe gabonensis, дата наукового опису 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis таксономічний ранг вид
Sericanthe gabonensis батьківський таксон Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis є одним із таксон
Sericanthe gabonensis ідентифікатор рослини IPNI 77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis ідентифікатор African Plant Database 232677
Sericanthe gabonensis ідентифікатор Plants of the World Online urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis ідентифікатор Tropicos 100384276
Sericanthe gabonensis ідентифікатор Open Tree of Life 6070390
Sericanthe gabonensis ідентифікатор World Flora Online wfo-0001333398
Sericanthe gabonensis ідентифікатор Catalogue of Life 6YHCH
Sericanthe gabonensis ідентифікатор у GBIF 7737259
Sericanthe gabonensis коротка назва
Sericanthe gabonensis
especie de planta
Sericanthe gabonensis nome del taxón Sericanthe gabonensis, autor del taxón Bonaventure Sonké, autor del taxón Elmar Robbrecht, data de publicación del nome de taxón 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis categoría taxonómica especie
Sericanthe gabonensis taxón inmediatamente superior Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis instancia de taxón
Sericanthe gabonensis nome curtiu
Sericanthe gabonensis
Sericanthe gabonensis ainm an tacsóin Sericanthe gabonensis, údar an tacsóin Bonaventure Sonké, údar an tacsóin Elmar Robbrecht, bliain inar foilsíodh ainm eolaíoch an tacsóin 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis rang an tacsóin speiceas
Sericanthe gabonensis máthairthacsón Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis sampla de tacsón
Sericanthe gabonensis ainm gearr
Sericanthe gabonensis
Sericanthe gabonensis nume științific Sericanthe gabonensis, autorul taxonului Bonaventure Sonké, autorul taxonului Elmar Robbrecht, anul publicării taxonului 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis rang taxonomic specie
Sericanthe gabonensis taxon superior Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis este un/o taxon
Sericanthe gabonensis identificator Global Biodiversity Information Facility 7737259
Sericanthe gabonensis nume scurt
Sericanthe gabonensis
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Sericanthe gabonensis identyfikator Tropicos 100384276
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Sericanthe gabonensis ID thực vật IPNI 77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis ID CSDL Thực vật châu Phi 232677
Sericanthe gabonensis ID Plants of the World trực tuyến urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis ID Tropicos 100384276
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Sericanthe gabonensis tieteellinen nimi Sericanthe gabonensis, taksonin auktori Bonaventure Sonké, taksonin auktori Elmar Robbrecht, tieteellisen kuvauksen päivämäärä 2012
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Sericanthe gabonensis nome taxológico Sericanthe gabonensis, autor do táxon Bonaventure Sonké, autor do táxon Elmar Robbrecht, data de descrição científica 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis categoria taxonômica espécie
Sericanthe gabonensis táxon imediatamente superior Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis instância de táxon
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador de táxons IPNI 77120442-1
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Sericanthe gabonensis identificador GBIF 7737259
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Sericanthe gabonensis Catalogue of Life identifikatzailea 6YHCH
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Sericanthe gabonensis nome do taxon Sericanthe gabonensis, autor do taxon Elmar Robbrecht, data de descrición científica 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis categoría taxonómica especie
Sericanthe gabonensis taxon superior inmediato Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis instancia de taxon
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador de taxons IPNI 77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador African Plant Database 232677
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador Plants of the World en liña urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador Tropicos 100384276
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador Open Tree of Life 6070390
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador World Flora Online wfo-0001333398
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador Catalogue of Life 6YHCH
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador GBIF 7737259
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Sericanthe gabonensis nom científic Sericanthe gabonensis, autor taxonòmic Bonaventure Sonké, autor taxonòmic Elmar Robbrecht, data de descripció científica 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis categoria taxonòmica espècie
Sericanthe gabonensis tàxon superior immediat Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis instància de tàxon
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador de tàxons IPNI 77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador African Plant Database 232677
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador Plants of the World online urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador de tàxons Tropicos 100384276
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador Open Tree of Life 6070390
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador World Flora Online wfo-0001333398
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador Catalogue of Life 6YHCH
Sericanthe gabonensis identificador GBIF 7737259
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Sericanthe gabonensis taksonomia nomo Sericanthe gabonensis, aŭtoro de taksono Elmar Robbrecht
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Sericanthe gabonensis IPNI-takononoma identigilo 77120442-1
Sericanthe gabonensis numero en Tropicos 100384276
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Sericanthe gabonensis nom scientific Sericanthe gabonensis, data de descripcion scientifica 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis reng taxonomic espècia
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Sericanthe gabonensis natura de l'element taxon
Sericanthe gabonensis identificant IPNI 77120442-1
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Sericanthe gabonensis nomine del taxon Sericanthe gabonensis, data de description scientific 2012
Sericanthe gabonensis rango taxonomic specie
Sericanthe gabonensis taxon superior immediate Sericanthe
Sericanthe gabonensis instantia de taxon | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43375272', 'collection': 'Wikidata', 'open_type': 'Semantic data', 'license': 'CC0', 'date': '', 'title': 'Sericanthe gabonensis', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'Multilingual', 'language_type': 'Semantic data', 'word_count': '1745', 'token_count': '5034', '__index_level_0__': '37922', 'original_id': 'ebaf787372ea394c52683ecefc1131b891e92ba4ec2d6cc6583d0ab6d8466e2c'} |
Mondo Morley Medicale: RWV Rotating Wah
So you think you’re analog, eh? You always use physical faders for your volume swells, you only record to tape, and you have that nifty vibrato guitar pedal with a BBD IC chip. I call bullshit. That’s not analog enough! An IC chip? Well, domo arigato, Mr. Roboto, but no arigato. If you want that pedal to be even more analog, you need to send your guitar signal through an aluminum disc covered in oil to rubber pickups. WTF? Here’s one of the biggest stomp boxes you’re likely to ever see, the Tel-Ray Morley RWV Rotating Wah.
Raymond Lubow invented the oil can echo in the 1960s for his company, Tel-Ray Electronics, to be a more reliable device than the tape-based echoes of the time. Smaller than a tape echo, it was also able to be added by amplifier manufacturers to their products. It uses an aluminum disc rotating in an electrostatic oil which brushes against conductive rubber pickups to carry the sound. Raymond used the same technology to create the Morley rotating speaker simulator and shove it into a pedal. The name was a pun on the Leslie (less-lee) rotating cabinet speaker. Thus a company was born and we all got ever-so confused. Now imagine you have a broken one. Fuck.
Continue reading “Mondo Morley Medicale: RWV Rotating Wah” | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.946062445640564}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '24538', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NG4EQ5T5QIGIDRQ7P7FCH5OWCVTQ7W7U', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ce4e78ed-4ec9-4a80-9423-af4b8c8810d2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 10, 17, 2, 13, 39), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.236.137.73', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:UNNDDVRZXBBAZTXAWYMPKYLOFU7W7JFX', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:bbeea88a-7dd7-4d4b-95d8-ac30e10481f3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://doktorsewage.com/tag/rotating-wah/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4054a149-2ae9-464c-b17f-368fc98854e8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '225', 'url': 'http://doktorsewage.com/tag/rotating-wah/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-69-127-157.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.027640223503112793', 'original_id': '65f07aa550ce43ae7a9a119865ded87646a51371d92062d141744049d5a35b00'} |
---
abstract: 'The factorial moments of the pion multiplicity distributions are calculated with HIJING and UrQMD and found to be independent of the $p_T$ range included, in contrast to recent simulations with the linear $\sigma$ model which leads to large enhancements for pions with transverse kinetic energies below 200 MeV. This supports the use of the ratio of the factorial moments of low and high $p_T$ pions as a signal of “new” physics at low momentum scales, such as the formation of disoriented chiral condensates.'
address: |
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory\
1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A.
author:
- 'M. Bleicher, J. Randrup[^1], R. Snellings, X.-N. Wang'
date: 'June 20, 2000'
title: |
Enhanced Event-by-Event Fluctuations in Pion Multiplicity\
as a Signal of Disoriented Chiral Condensates at RHIC
---
A major goal of relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments is to explore the phase diagram of hot and dense matter. In addition to the anticipated transition to the quark-gluon plasma phase[@QGP], in which the individual hadrons have dissolved into a chromodynamic plasma of quarks and gluons, it is expected that chiral symmetry will be approximately restored in the hot collision zone. Signals of this latter type of phase transition may arise from the subsequent non-equilibrium relaxation of the chiral order parameter which is expected to exhibit large-amplitude long-wavelength isospin-polarized oscillations around the normal vacuum configuration, often referred to as Disoriented Chiral Condensates [@DCC]. One expected consequence would be an anomalous broadening in the distribution of the neutral pion fraction. However, this observable poses serious practical challenges and in fact early DCC experiments carried out at CERN and Fermilab were not able to discern such a signal [@DCCexp]. Therefore, especially with the RHIC facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory now becoming operational, the need has intensified for theory to identify specific observables that may be particularly informative. In the present paper we address the pion multiplicity distribution.
Recent simulations with the linear $\sigma$ model [@JR:rod] (see below) have suggested that the induced oscillations of the chiral order parameter amplifies individual pion modes in the soft part of the spectrum and, as a result, leads to enhanced fluctuations in the multiplicity distribution of the produced pions. In that work, the multiplicity distributions were analyzed in terms of their factorial moments, $$f_m = \langle N(N-1)(N-2)\cdots (N-m+1)\rangle$$ with $N$ being the particle multiplicity in the specified rapidity and momentum region and $m$ denoting the order of the moment (the average $\langle\cdot\rangle$ is taken over a sample of events). We note that the first factorial moment is simply the mean multiplicity, $f_1=\langle N\rangle$. A more convenient normalization is provided by the [*reduced*]{} factorial moments, $$F_m = f_m/\langle N \rangle^m\quad ,$$ since these are all unity if the multiplicity distribution is of Poisson form. Thus, the deviation of the higher-order reduced factorial multiplicity moments provide a direct indication that non-poissonian fluctuations are present. In Ref. [@JR:rod] it was found that the reduced factorial moments for soft pions (those with a transverse kinetic energy below 200 MeV) were significantly in excess of unity, while those for the harder pions were remained consistent with unity. This feature suggests that such an analysis be made for the early RHIC data.
However, while the occurrence of reduced factorial moments in excess of unity is an indication of non-trivial processes, it is not necessarily a unique DCC signature. Thus, it is important to ascertain how specific this phenomenon is. For this purpose, we compare the reported results of the linear $\sigma$ model with those prediced by the two most commonly used event generators, namely HIJING[@HIJING] and UrQMD[@UrQMD]. HIJING is expected to give a particularly good approximation to the particle production and fluctuations at high transverse momenta, while UrQMD includes a detailed treatment of resonance formation and decays. As both types of process lead to highly correlated pion production, one may expect these models to yield some enhancement of the multiplicity fluctuations. Therefore it is of interest to perform a quantitative comparison of the results.
Let us first briefly describe the calculations in Ref. [@JR:rod]. Using a semi-classical treatment of the linear $\sigma$ model [@JR:PRD55], the chiral field ${{{\mbox{\boldmath $\phi$}}}}({\mbox{\boldmath $r$}})=(\sigma({\mbox{\boldmath $r$}}),{\mbox{\boldmath $\pi$}}({\mbox{\boldmath $r$}}))$ was prepared to represent a rod-shaped source with a bulk temperature of $T_0$ (typically 240 MeV) and a radius of $R_0$ (6-10 fm). The rod was then endowed with a longitudinal Bjorken scaling expansion and the classical field equation was solved numerically on a cartesian lattice, using the comoving coordinates $(\tau,\eta)$ in place of $(t,z)$ (and starting from $\tau=\tau_0=1~{\rm fm}/c$), $$[ {1\over\tau}\partial_\tau \tau\partial_\tau
-\partial_x^2-\partial_y^2-{1\over\tau^2}\partial_\eta^2
+\lambda(\phi^2-v^2)]{{{\mbox{\boldmath $\phi$}}}}=H{\mbox{\boldmath $e$}}_\sigma\ .$$ Due to the imposed longitudinal expansion and, later on, the self-induced transverse expansion, the field amplitudes decrease rapidly. When sufficient decoupling has been achieved, a transverse Fourier resolution is made at each value of $\eta$. From the resulting expansion coefficients of ${\mbox{\boldmath $\pi$}}({\mbox{\boldmath $r$}})$ and $\dot{{\mbox{\boldmath $\pi$}}}({\mbox{\boldmath $r$}})$ one may then extract the coefficients $${\mbox{\boldmath $\chi$}}_{\bf k}(\eta)=\sqrt{\Omega_\perp}
\left[ \sqrt{m_k\over2} {\mbox{\boldmath $\pi$}}_{\bf k}(\eta)
+{i\over\sqrt{2m_k}}\dot{{\mbox{\boldmath $\pi$}}}_{\bf k}(\eta) \right]
\left({\tau\over\tau_0}\right)^{1\over2}$$ which represent the probability amplitudes for finding a particle with rapidity $\eta$ and transverse momentum $\bf k$. (Here $\Omega_\perp$ is the cross section of the box employed in the calculation, $m_k$ is the transverse pion mass, $m_k^2=m_\pi^2+k^2$, and the last factor compensates for longitudinal scaling expansion.) Thus the expected number of pions within a certain rapidity interval is given by $\bar{n}^{(j)}_{\bf k}=\int d\eta |\chi^{(j)}_{\bf k}(\eta)|^2$, for each transverse momentum $\bf k$ and each charge state $j$. (These quantities become constant after the decoupling has occurred.) The actual multiplicity $n^{(j)}_{\bf k}$ was then selected from the associated Poisson distribution. The total multiplicity $N$ (which is also Poisson distributed) can be obtained subsequently by adding up all the pions emitted within the specified phase space, $$N^{(j)}_{\rm soft}=\sum_{k<k_0} n^{(j)}_{\bf k}\ ,\,\,\,\
N^{(j)}_{\rm hard}=\sum_{k>k_0} n^{(j)}_{\bf k}$$ where $k_0$ denotes the maximum momentum of the soft pions.
In order to obtain sufficient statistics, a number of independent Bjorken rods were treated. Due to the thermal fluctuations, each such “event” has a unique initial field configuration so, consequently, the final states differ in detail. In particular, the expected multiplicities $\bar{n}^{(j)}_{\bf k}$ fluctuate from one event to the next. Additional fluctuation arises from the subsequent sampling of the actual (integer) multiplicities $n$ based on the values expected for a particular event $\bar n$. While the latter statistical process is poissonian by design, the event-to-event fluctuation of $\bar n$ is generally not. Depending on the isospin orientation of the relaxing chiral order parameter, certain modes are amplified preferentially and this mechanism is the origin of the anomalous fluctuations reflected in the factorial moments, as discussed in Ref. [@JR:rod].
In the present investigation, we consider central Au+Au events (impact parameter $b\leq3~{\rm fm}$) at the planned maximum beam energy at RHIC (100 GeV per nucleon). In order to set the stage, we show in Fig. \[dndy\] the average multiplicity of positive pions with a transverse momentum below 200 MeV/$c$, as obtained with the HIJING event generator [@HIJING]. These soft pions constitute only a relatively small part of the total number of pions (the calculated mean $p_T$ of midrapidity pions range from 330 MeV (UrQMD) to 370 MeV (HIJING)).
We focus now on the multiplicity distribution in the mid-rapidity bin, $|y|<0.5$. Figure \[poisson\] shows the calculated multiplicity distribution for positive pions of any energy, as generated by HIJING for a sample of central Au+Au collisions. Also shown is the Poisson distribution having the same mean multiplicity. The calculated multiplicity distribution is significantly wider than the Poisson distribution. While this feature is due in part to the averaging over different impact geometries, it also reflects the presence of non-statistical components in the microscopic processes. The same feature still holds even if the HIJING analysis is restricted to the soft pions only. Moreover, similar features are also obtained with UrQMD for either grouping of the pions (not shown in the figure). Thus, it should be expected that the corresponding higher factorial moments will exceed unity.
That this is indeed borne out is evident from Fig. \[fac1\], which shows the reduced factorial moments for both soft and hard pions as calculated with various models: HIJING with and without jet quenching, UrQMD, and the results obtained in Ref. [@JR:rod] for the Bjorken rods with the linear $\sigma$ model. It is evident that the latter results stand out: Whereas all calculations with HIJING and UrQMD yield a rather similar behavior, namely a gentle increase of $F_m$ with the order $m$, the linear $\sigma$ model leads to reduced moments that remain close to unity for the hard pions while increasing rapidly for the soft pions.
This qualitative difference in the behavior can be made more visible by considering the ratios between the reduced moments for soft and hard pions, as shown in Fig. \[fac2\]. While all the HIJING and UrQMD calculations predict a similar behavior for pions with low and high transverse momenta, the dynamical simulations with the linear $\sigma$ model yield a strong enhancement of the fluctuations in the number of low-$p_T$ pions. In particular, although both HIJING (with or without jet quenching) and UrQMD produce some enhancement of the multiplicity fluctuations (above a pure Poisson behavior), neither one shows any distinction between soft and hard pions in this regard. Thus it appears that a comparison of the factorial moments of the soft and hard pion multiplicity distributions may provide a useful observable which could indicate the presence of interesting dynamics beyond what has been included in the standard event generators. In particular, a relative enhancement of the low-$p_T$ factorial moments may signal the formation of disoriented chiral condensates and may therefore be used to gain experimental information on the global chiral properties.
Let us finally emphasize some caveats associated with the present analysis. Although the two Monte-Carlo models used here successfully reproduce many features of particle production in hadronic and nuclear collisions, many issues regarding multiplicity fluctuations remain unresolved. In particular, the observed intermittency signal associated with very small rapidity bins ($\Delta y\ll1$) [@klm] cannot be reproduced satisfactorily with the models employed here. However, for rapidity bins of the larger widths employed in the present investigation ($\Delta y\approx 1$), the data of Ref. [@klm] can be reproduced within the experimental error bars. As for the linear $\sigma$ model, it is expected that the semi-classical treatment underestimates the enhancement (by a factor of two or more) [@JR:HIP]. Moreover, it applies only to baryon-free systems (hence our focus is on mid-rapidity pions) and current calculational capabilities are limited to the relatively schematic Bjorken rod geometries treated in Ref. [@JR:rod]. Therefore, the results should be regarded as qualitative only. Fortunately, though, the conclusions presented here do not depend on the exact modeling but rely only on the general features of the dynamics.
The present study was motivated by the recently reported finding that dynamical simulations with the linear $\sigma$ model for idealized systems lead to strong enhancements in the multiplicity fluctuations for soft pions, while the harder ones display fluctuations of Poisson form. Our present investigation has shown that although both the HIJING and the UrQMD event generators also produce multiplicity fluctuations in excess of pure Poisson statistics, their magnitudes are relatively small (as compared to the DCC case) and, importantly, they do not depend on the $p_T$ range considered. These findings lend support to the adoption of this observable as an indicator of DCC formation.
Thus, in conclusion, our analysis suggests that a strong relative enhancement of the multiplicity fluctuations of pions with low transverse momenta may provide a robust DCC signal in high-energy nuclear collision experiments, such as those underway at RHIC. It is a special advantage that the basic observable, namely the number of pions in a given $p_T$ range, should be readily obtainable experimentally. Thus, the suggested analysis qualifies as a Year-One task at RHIC.
Acknowledgements {#acknowledgements .unnumbered}
================
This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Physics Division of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098 and it used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at LBNL (NERSC). One of us (M.B.) acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation as a Feodor Lynen Fellow.
[99]{} J.W. Harris and B. Müller, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 46, 71 (1996); S.A. Bass, M. Gyulassy, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner, J. Phys. G25, R1 (1999). K. Rajagopal, in [*Quark-Gluon Plasma 2*]{}, ed. R. Hwa, World Scientific (1995); J.P. Blaizot and A. Krzywicki, Acta Phys. Polon. 27, 1687 (1996); J.D. Bjorken, Acta Phys. Polon. B28, 2773 (1997). WA98 Collaboration (M.M. Aggerwal [*et al.*]{}), Phys. Lett. B420, 169 (1998); MiniMax Collaboration (T.C. Brooks [*et al.*]{}), Phys. Rev. D61, 032003 (2000). T.C. Petersen and J. Randrup, Phys. Rev. C61, 024906 (2000). X.N. Wang, Phys. Rev. D46, 1900 (1992); Phys. Rep. 280, 287 (1997). M. Bleicher [*et al.*]{}, J. Phys. G25, 1859 (1999); S.A. Bass [*et al.*]{}, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 41, 225 (1998). J. Randrup, Phys. Rev. D55, 1188 (1996). B. Buschbeck [*et al.*]{}, Phys. Lett. B215, 788 (1988); R. Holyanski [*et al.*]{}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 733 (1989); I.V. Ajinenko [*et al.*]{}, Phys. Lett. B222, 306 (1989). J. Randrup, Heavy Ion Phys. 9 (1999) 289.
[[*LBNL-46102: Physical Review C (Rapid Communication)*]{} ]{}
[^1]: E-mail: Randrup@LBL.gov
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '25b691d860c7b5f418f0960c9060b7d99f3d8a878bb17fa102b92820e41dcb39'} |
Django with the Flow
We’ll start by getting the obvious out of the way: if you’re writing anything other than Python code, then you’re doin’ it wrong. With the obligatory “My language is better than yours” arrogant-developer requirement met, I suppose now we can move on to other stuff.
Most of my previous work had been in Rails, but I had been itching to get at Django and just hadn’t found the time. That changed though when LightCastle decided to take our website off of Play and port it to some other framework. Dan and I decided to have a competition to see who could rewrite the site faster; he’d try in Lift (with Scala) and I’d try in Django (with Python). Another coworker considered taking a shot at it in Chicago Boss, but left the competition because it was obvious that I’d win. And really, who can fault a man for a graceful bow-out? Dan ended up being too busy to do much with the competition, so I essentially won by default.
Getting Started
At first I was a little turned off from Django because I just wasn’t catching on to it. The routes were weird. The project structure was stupid. And converting the layouts was a pain. But the more I worked with it and got the hang of it the more I really started to like it. Once it started making sense, I began to see why Django’s developers made the decisions they did.
In case you want to try following along, the code can be found here.
The easiest way to install Django is through pip. (You can also install from source, but I like having greater support for dependencies and general compatibility.) Since I had never installed the framework before, that was my first order of business. A quick call of ‘sudo apt-get install python-pip’ got me the python package installer, and a ‘sudo pip install Django’ had me almost up and running. A subsequent ‘sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev build-essential’ sealed the deal for all the required dependencies.
Application Vs. Project
djangoProbably the biggest difference between Django and Rails that I noticed right off the bat was the project layout. It turns out that you can rename your directories to suit your needs better, but I didn’t like the default that is created with the, which creates a root-level directory by a name of your choosing, then nests another directory by the same name inside that directory. Essentially, all you need for a functioning Django app is a settings file, so that means you have a lot more freedom to your project layout than I first thought.
The short explanation to Django’s approach to development is that it organizes things by *applications* and *projects*. A project is an overarching concept. So if you’re creating a website for Boeing, the website would be the application, while the project would be something like “Boeing”. The thought is that a project can potentially comprise many applications, from a blogging platform to a content management system. Separating things this way makes it easier to port an application from one project to another if you need to, the reasoning goes.
django-treeFor our project, we ran “ startproject lightcastle”, which caused the framework to create an umbrella ‘lightcastle’ directory, with another ‘lightcastle’ directory inside it. A file called is also created in the top-level ‘lightcastle’ directory, which is used for things like running an interactive shell pre-loaded with your code or starting a local server.
Inside my top-level ‘lightcastle’ directory (also called the project-level directory), I ran ‘python startapp website’ to create a website application. This creates several files inside a directory it makes called ‘website’:,, and Admittedly, I didn’t work in the file at all (Bad developer!!).
A Few Basics
The init files that are created inside the directories allow you to import files in the same directory as the init file as modules into other files. So if you have in a directory that has in it, you can import police_officer or any of its individual methods easily. Typically the init files are empty, but you can include code to initialize stuff inside the packages when they’re imported. If you create subdirectories that will have code you want to use elsewhere, you’ll need an file present.
The file is where you define your database fields. We didn’t use a database for our project, so I didn’t have anything in this file.
The file was a little tricky for me; it’s not the equivalent to the views directory in Rails as I was expecting. Instead, is where controller logic goes. Actual “views” go in a templates directory. Views have .html extensions, which seems a bit obvious when you think about what a view does: present information. The templates also use a bit of django magic to insert content, set variables or load other html and css files.
Another big difference between Rails and Django is the routing. One thing to remember about Django is that there’s typically very little ‘magic.’ The routing file in Django, called, is essentially a few custom python functions that take a regex as the first argument (that describes the url path), followed by the name of a handler method. There really isn’t a whole lot of special “Django syntax”, which is a big plus in my book compared to Rails.
Another thing I didn’t like much about Django is that there are usually two routing files for every application in your project: the application-level file, and the project-level file. Frankly, I skipped ever using the application-level file because I had no reason to have one. Essentially your urls are routed through the project-level file first, and then sent to the application-level routing file.
For our website, I just used the project-level routing file because it was easiest and quickest. As i fooled around with the file, I eventually really enjoyed it. Each route in the file generally points to a controller method that handles which template to use before rendering the “context” as an HTTP response. You can also pass template files in directly as the second argument by calling TemplateView.as_view(template_name=”some_file.html”). That was handy for keeping the file pretty empty, though I probably could have created a small function in there to set a Template and Context.
I suppose that’s it for my first thoughts on Django. Ultimately, I really enjoyed the framework and look forward to messing with it some more. Keep a lookout for future blog posts about it, as I might end up adding my own Django tutorial to the myriad already available online. I might do one on the WSGI Apache module, too, since it was a bit of a pain to mess with, and I’ll probably include a portion on deploying Django too (turns out capistrano, which is Ruby-based, works pretty darn well). | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '20', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9591344594955444}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '37864', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4Y7O37GHFEXEMS4VEF5VLPE5QJMSEUEV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0c307495-c66a-476b-b175-ab67b547a62e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 23, 3, 39, 44), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.83.192.52', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CWS45NE2OUMY4L7GCCIXZ543NNM2Q3TJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:63431922-edb9-4e4b-b68b-c2f3c51e7294>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://lightcastletech.com/django-with-the-flow/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2dd293e4-f351-4b51-b70c-d7b95ff6c9f8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1119', 'url': 'http://lightcastletech.com/django-with-the-flow/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-32.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05276256799697876', 'original_id': 'c3bf9ec11bff07b0952e2a0b3038fd089aca386a55a2e8710663dda75a309cb0'} |
Displaying Long Values in SSMS
Watch this week's video on YouTube
I write a lot of dynamic SQL and frequently encounter variables that contain many characters:
''A'' AS AShortValue,
'''+REPLICATE(N'A',4000)+''' as ALongValue
This variable is 4059 characters long, and when I execute it it runs great.
SELECT LEN(@LongValue); -- 4059 characters
2018-08-01_12-17-24 A homage to one of my favorite Uncyclopedia entries .
If my programmatically built query had an error in it, the first thing I'd want to do when debugging it would be to see the the text of the entire @LongValue variable.
I could do this by just saying SELECT @LongValue , and while recent versions of SSMS will display the whole value for me, it completely loses my formatting which stinks (and is especially bad if there are any comments prefixed with -- in the query):
2018-08-01_12-25-54 Need a ultra HD wide display to fit this all on one screen.
I can say PRINT @LongValue , which will keep the formatting, but it will get trimmed at 4,000 characters (notice the missing ORDER BY):
Some Better Ways
Erik Darling posts one solution to this problem in his T-SQL Tuesday #104 entry (as well as some other problems/solutions for lengthy SQL variables). Specifically he links to a SQL string printing script that will loop through the lengthy variable and print everything while maintaining formatting:
2018-08-01_12-32-45 Not perfectly formatted, but good enough.
And while I like using that stored procedure on my primary server, I'm too lazy to install it every where I need it.
Instead, I have a couple of go-to solutions that work on all SQL Server instances 2008 forward.
Solution 1: CAST to XML
SELECT CAST(@LongValue AS XML) AS LongValue
Casting the long variable to XML allows SSMS to generate a clickable, single-row result that preserves formatting:
2018-08-01_12-44-37 IntelliSense complains but I'm OK with it
The only downside to this approach is that certain charaters, like "<" and ">", can't be converted to XML:
Solution 2: FOR XML PATH
A slight variation on solution 1, we can get similar results using FOR XML PATH:
SET @LongValue = '<' + @LongValue -- Let's add in an invalid character
2018-08-01_12-50-20 FOR XML PATH is one of the most abused SQL Server functions.
In this solution, the "<" is escaped to "<", which isn't perfect but at least my variable can be displayed with formatting intact. A quick find and replace for any escaped characters and I'm good to go.
Good Enough
These techniques aren't perfect, but for purposes of debugging dynamically generated code they are good enough.
Maybe one day SSMS will print longer strings or include a syntax formatter and I won't care nearly as much.
And if not, I'll happily continue to abuse FOR XML to do things other than generate XML documents. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8548381924629211}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '19722', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:RR7PT65BFNFPMDXXM6D7KJG422DFBODH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c928e064-0da0-4387-85bd-3efb49e1c885>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 3, 8, 5, 40, 15), 'WARC-IP-Address': '69.163.160.33', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BIBWXPRIQ6DD5BUULKPZSSYFRJWKFI3F', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a2c36fad-1470-4814-b641-c666bd4077f2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://bertwagner.com/posts/displaying-long-values-in-ssms/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:293a6d09-6608-42f1-aa37-fe8ad49f3c7c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '459', 'url': 'https://bertwagner.com/posts/displaying-long-values-in-ssms/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February/March 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-241.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05044984817504883', 'original_id': '270fae9bf4ea51fd2480a1e925de5161957556dd829145ab8a4aabfb1a5b9363'} |
übersichtsarbeit
Psychotherapie Forum (2020) 24:100–107
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00729-020-00147-0
Die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung in den psychosozialen, psychotherapeutischen und psychiatrischen
Versorgungssystemen von Deutschland
Hans J. Grabe · Karsten Giertz
Online publiziert: 15. Oktober 2020
© Der/die Autor(en) 2020
Zusammenfassung In der psychosozialen, psychotherapeutischen und psychiatrischen Versorgung zählen Betroffene mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung zu einer häufig anzutreffenden Gruppe von
Patient_innen. Obwohl mehrere Langzeitstudien hohe
Remissionsraten bei den störungsspezifischen Symptomen nahe legen, weisen viele der Betroffenen mit
einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung Beeinträchtigungen in den Bereichen psychosoziales Funktionsniveau, somatische Gesundheit, berufliche und
soziale Integration auf, welche sich zumeist als sekundäre Krankheitsfolgen darstellen und negativ auf
die Lebenszufriedenheit und gesellschaftliche Teilhabe auswirken. Ein wesentlicher Faktor bei dieser
Entwicklung ist die prekäre Versorgungssituation der
Betroffenen im ambulanten und komplementären Bereich. Der Großteil der Behandlung findet im Rahmen
von kurzfristigen stationären Kriseninterventionen
statt. Dies macht deutlich, dass es bisher nur unzureichend gelungen ist, diese Gruppe angemessen
in den außerklinischen Bereichen zu versorgen. Im
Rahmen des Beitrages wird ein allgemeiner Überblick
zur Epidemiologie und zur Versorgungsforschung der
Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung gegeben. Ausgehend von den aktuellen Erkenntnissen, machen die
Autoren auf strukturelle Probleme und Schnittstellenproblematiken im ambulanten, komplementären und
H. J. Grabe ()
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie,
Universitätsmedizin Greifswald,
Ellernholzstraße 1–2, 17489 Greifswald, Deutschland
hans.grabe@med.uni-greifswald.de
K. Giertz
Landesverband Sozialpsychiatrie
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern e. V.,
Carl-Hopp-Straße 19a, 18069 Rostock, Deutschland
karstengiertz@o2online.de
100
stationären Bereich aufmerksam und beschreiben
Lösungsmöglichkeiten für eine angemessene Versorgung.
Schlüsselwörter Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung ·
Persönlichkeitsstörungen · Psychiatrische
Versorgungsforschung · Psychosoziale Versorgung
The borderline personality disorder in the
psychosocial, psychotherapeutic and psychiatric
treatment of Germany
Summary People with borderline personality disorder
belong to the group of heavy users of psychosocial,
psychotherapeutic and psychiatric care. Although
several follow-up-studies found high remission rates
for the disorder-specific symptoms many of those
affected with a borderline personality disorder show
impairments in the areas of psychosocial functioning,
somatic health, work and social integration, which
mostly present as secondary consequences of the disease and negatively affect life satisfaction and social
participation. An essential factor in this development
is the precarious care situation of those people in the
outpatient and complementary area. The majority
of the treatment takes place in the context of shortterm inpatient crisis interventions. This makes it
clear that it has been so far insufficient to provide
this group with adequate care in the outpatients and
complementary areas. The article provides a general overview of epidemiology and health services
research for borderline personality disorder. Based on
the current findings in health services research, the
authors draw attention to structural problems and
interface problems in the outpatient, complementary
and inpatient areas and describe possible solutions
for adequate care.
Die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung in den psychosozialen, psychotherapeutischen und psychiatrischen. ..
K
übersichtsarbeit
Keywords Borderline personality disorder ·
Personality disorders · Mental health research ·
Community-based treatment
Einleitung
Lange Zeit gehörte die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) in der Fachwelt zu einem umstrittenen
Störungsbild. Häufig stand diese Diagnose für eine
heterogene Gruppe von Patient_innen, welche nicht
eindeutig in die damalige Klassifikation eingeordnet
werden konnte, aber mittelgradige bis schwerwiegende Formen psychischer Störungen aufwies (vgl. Stone
1979).
Frühe Beschreibungen der BPS lassen sich in
Berichten über hysterische Patient_innen bis ins
16. Jahrhundert zurückverfolgen (vgl. Veith 1965,
S. 140 ff.). 1883 wurde der Begriff Borderline erstmalig
von dem US-amerikanischen Psychiater Hughes (orig.
engl. Borderland [dt. Grenzland]) zur Bezeichnung für
allgemeine Zustände verwendet, die sich auf der
Grenze zwischen psychischer Gesundheit und Krankheit bewegen (Dulz 2011). Eine erste noch bis heute
bedeutende konzeptionelle Arbeit zur BPS legte 1938
der US-amerikanische Psychoanalytiker und Psychiater Stern (1938) vor. Während die BPS zwischen den
1920 und 1950er Jahren überwiegend als eine subpsychotische und zwischen den 1970er und 1980er Jahren
auch als eine subaffektive Störung diskutiert wurde,
kam es zwischen den 1950er und 1980er Jahren zu einer genaueren Erarbeitung von störungsspezifischen
Merkmalen und zur Konzeptualisierung als psychische Entität (Übersicht bei Herpertz und Saß 2011).
Schließlich wurde die BPS 1980 als eigenständige
Persönlichkeitsstörungskategorie in die dritte Auflage des Diagnostischen Statistischen Manuals (DSM)
psychischer Störungen aufgenommen (APA 1980).
Auch wenn aktuell noch viele kontrovers diskutierte Themen bestehen – z. B. über einen engen ätiologischen Zusammenhang zwischen der BPS und den
Traumafolgestörungen (Sack et al. 2011) oder über
den Stellenwert psychotischer Symptome in der Borderline-Symptomatologie (Schroeder et al. 2013) – gehört die BPS in der Fachwelt weitestgehend zu einem
anerkannten Störungsbild. Zahlreiche, in den letzten
Jahrzenten veröffentlichte Forschungsarbeiten, haben
zum Verständnis dieses Störungsbildes beigetragen.
Darüber hinaus verbesserten sich die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten durch die Einführung evidenzbasierter
Therapiemethoden wie z. B. der Übertragungsfokussierten Psychotherapie (TFP) (Yeomans et al. 2017),
der Mentalisierungsbasierten Psychotherapie (MBT)
(Bateman und Fonagy 2008), der Dialektisch-Behavioralen Psychotherapie (DBT) (Linehan 2008) oder der
Schemafokussierten Psychotherapie (SFT) (Arntz und
van Genderen 2010).
Trotz der positiven Entwicklungen gehören Borderline-Patient_innen immer noch zu einer Gruppe, welche nicht ausreichend von den psychiatrischen, psy-
K
chotherapeutischen und psychosozialen Versorgungssystemen profitiert. Im Rahmen des Beitrages fassen
die Autoren den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur Epidemiologie, zum Langzeitverlauf und zur Versorgungsforschung zusammen und verweisen auf strukturelle Probleme und Schnittstellenproblematiken in der
psychosozialen, psychotherapeutischen und psychiatrischen Versorgung. Hierbei orientieren sie sich an
den Strukturen des deutschen Gesundheitssystems.
Im Anschluss beschreiben sie Lösungsmöglichkeiten
für eine angemessene Versorgung von Betroffenen mit
einer BPS.
Epidemiologie und Langzeitverlauf der
Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Epidemiologie
Bevölkerungsbasierte Studien ermittelten bei der BPS
eine Häufigkeit zwischen 0,7 und 4,5 % (Übersicht bei
Fiedler 2018). Einer aktuellen Übersichtsarbeit zufolge beläuft sich die durchschnittliche Prävalenz auf
1,6 % (ebd.). Ausgehend von dieser Prävalenzrate können in Deutschland mit einer Bevölkerung von ungefähr 68 Mio. Menschen zwischen dem 18 und 60 Lebensjahr etwa 1 Mio. Menschen an einer BPS erkrankt
sein (Statistisches Bundesamt 2017). Zu den wesentlichen soziodemographischen Merkmalen gehören jüngeres Durchschnittsalter (Mittelwert 25), alleinlebende Wohnform und geringerer Bildungsstand (Cramer
et al. 2008). Die geschlechtsspezifische Verteilung ist
in der Bevölkerung relativ ausgewogen.
Darüber hinaus zeigen mehrere Forschungsarbeiten, dass die Betroffenen neben der BPS oft noch
zusätzliche Störungen wie Substanz- und Alkoholmissbrauchsstörungen, Depression, Angststörungen,
Essstörungen, Traumafolgestörungen oder Persönlichkeitsstörungen aufweisen (Frias und Palma 2014;
Samuels et al. 2002). Zudem berichten die Betroffenen
im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung überdurchschnittlich häufiger über somatische Symptome und
Beschwerden (z. B. Kopfschmerzen, Migräne, Rückenschmerzen) (Heath et al. 2018). All diese Angaben
legen nahe, dass die BPS neben der eigentlichen
Symptomatik häufig mit komplexen gesundheitlichen
Problemen einhergeht.
Langzeitverlauf
Bezüglich des Langzeitverlaufes lieferte die Collaborative Longitudinal Disorders Study erstmalig umfassende Erkenntnisse bei verschiedenen Persönlichkeitsstörungen (Grilo et al. 2000). An der Untersuchung
beteiligten sich insgesamt 668 Patient_innen, die sich
zum Stichtag in stationärer Behandlung befanden.
Die Stichprobe setzte sich aus den Diagnosen schizotypische Persönlichkeitsstörung (13 %), ängstlich-vermeidende Persönlichkeitsstörung (26 %), zwanghafte
Persönlichkeitsstörung (23 %) und die BPS (26 %) zu-
Die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung in den psychosozialen, psychotherapeutischen und psychiatrischen. ..
101
übersichtsarbeit
sammen. Als Kontrollgruppe wurden Patient_innen
mit einer Major Depression (14 %) aufgenommen. Bei
der BPS zeigten die Ergebnisse über den gesamten 10jährigen Untersuchungszeitraum eine kumulative Remissionsrate (Abnahme vorhandener diagnostischer
Kriterien) von über 90 % (Gunderson et al. 2011).
Auch beim allgemeinen Funktionsniveau wiesen die
Betroffenen Verbesserungen über den Zeitraum auf.
Allerdings war der durchschnittliche Anstieg der Werte
in der BPS-Gruppe mit 53 zu 57 im Vergleich zu den
anderen Gruppen (Persönlichkeitsstörungen 62–64,
Major Depression 61–69) eher gering.
Im Gegensatz zur Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study untersuchte die McLean Study
of Adult Development ausschließlich den Langzeitverlauf der BPS. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung
standen 290 stationär aufgenommene BorderlinePatient_innen und 72 Patient_innen mit anderen psychiatrischen Diagnosen (Zanarini et al. 2005). Mittlerweile gehen die aus der Studie gewonnen Daten mit
einer Rücklaufquote von 87 % auf einen Zeitraum von
über 16 Jahren zurück (Zanarini et al. 2012). Während die Borderline-Patient_innen nach zwei Jahren
eine kumulative Remissionsrate (vollständige Abnahme der Kriterien) von 35 % aufwiesen, waren es in
der Kontrollgruppe 88 %. Allerdings stiegen die Remissionsraten in der Borderline-Gruppe über den
Untersuchungszeitraum signifikant. Nach 4 Jahren
lag die kumulative Remissionsrate bei 55 %, nach
8 Jahren bei 88 %, nach 12 Jahren bei 95 % und nach
16 Jahren bei 99 % (ebd.). Ebenso verbesserte sich das
psychosoziale Funktionsniveau über den gesamten
Untersuchungszeitraum (2 Jahre 14 %, 8 Jahre 43 %,
12 Jahre 50 %, 16 Jahre 60 %). Allerdings waren diese
Raten deutlich niedriger als in der Kontrollgruppe
(2 Jahre 51 %, 8 Jahre 67 %, 12 Jahre, 85 %, 16 Jahre
85 %). In den beiden Gruppen lag das psychosoziale
Funktionsniveau über den gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum jedoch signifikant unter den Werten der
Remissionsraten.
Auch neuere Langzeitstudien legen eine hohe Remission bei der BPS nahe. Eine Arbeitsgruppe aus
Spanien ermittelte in einem 10-jährigen Zeitraum mit
insgesamt 64 Patient_innen (Rücklauf 64 %) eine Remissionsrate von 55 % (Alvarez-Tomás et al. 2017). In
Deutschland fand eine Arbeitsgruppe in einem Untersuchungszeitraum von 12 bis 18 Jahren bei 60 Borderline-Patient_innen (Rücklauf 87 %) eine Remission
von 81 % (Zeitler et al. 2018).
Alle Arbeiten weisen darauf hin, dass es sich bei der
BPS zumindest auf der Symptomebene nicht um eine
chronische psychische Störung handelt. Der Beginn
der Störung liegt in der Regel in der Adoleszenz. Hier
zeigen sich erste Symptome wie Impulsivität, Identitätsprobleme und affektive Instabilität, welche auch
bei gesunden Jugendlichen im Rahmen der Adoleszenzkrise auftreten können und im frühen Erwachsenenalter durch Symptome der affektiven Dysregulation, Impulsivität, Suizidalität und maladaptive zwi-
102
schenmenschliche Verhaltensweisen zu einem ausgeprägten Störungsbild manifestieren (vgl. Arens et al.
2013). Im mittleren und späteren Erwachsenenalter
kommt es zu einer auffallenden Remission vor allem
bei den akuten Symptomen, die häufig mit stationären
Einweisungen in Verbindung stehen (z. B. Impulsivität, selbstverletzendes Verhalten, Suizidalität, psychotische Dekompensation, Substanzmissbrauch) (Gunderson et al. 2011; Zanarini et al. 2003). Dagegen gehören Symptome wie affektive Instabilität, intensiver
Ärger, Gefühle der Leere, Depression und Angst vor
dem Alleinsein zu den Symptomen mit einer langsameren Remissionszeit (vgl. Alvarez-Tomás et al. 2017;
Gunderson et al. 2011; Zanarini et al. 2003). Zu den
positiven Prädiktoren zählen ein jüngeres Alter bei
Erstbehandlungsbeginn, ein guter Bildungsstand sowie eine geringe Inanspruchnahme stationärer Hilfen
in der Vergangenheit (vgl. Gunderson et al. 2011; Paris
2002b).
Die Rolle von Psychotherapie wird in diesem Kontext kontrovers diskutiert, weil der direkte Einfluss von
psychotherapeutischen Interventionen auf das Remissionsniveau in den Studien schwer nachzuweisen ist,
viele der Patient_innen im Verlauf unterschiedliche
Therapieerfahrungen aufweisen und in den Studien
mit Stichproben ohne eine psychotherapeutische Versorgung die Remissionsraten ebenfalls hoch ausfallen
(vgl. Paris und Zweig-Frank 2001). Daher lässt sich vermuten, dass eine natürliche Remission bei der BPS
besteht, die durch Psychotherapie beschleunigt und
zusätzlich gefördert wird (Paris 2020).
Trotz der hohen Remissionsraten weisen Betroffene
mit einer BPS in den Verlaufsstudien niedrige Werte
in den Bereichen des psychosoziales Funktionsniveaus auf. Weniger als die Hälfte der Patient_innen in
der McLean Study of Adult Development zeigte nach
10 Jahren Verbesserungen (Zanarini et al. 2012). Es
ist zu vermuten, dass sekundäre Krankheitsfolgen
(z. B. somatische Gesundheit, Erwerbunfähigkeit, soziale Desintegration) – welche sich negativ auf die
Lebenszufriedenheit und gesellschaftliche Teilhabe
auswirken – dabei eine bedeutende Rolle spielen.
Suizidalität und Suizidversuche
Hinsichtlich der Suizidalität legen die Verlaufsstudien
eine Prävalenz von 3 bis 13 % nahe (Alvarez-Tomás
et al. 2017; Soloff und Chiappetta 2019; Zanarini et al.
2012). Das Durchschnittsalter der Suizident_innen
liegt zwischen 30 und 37 Jahren (Paris 2002a; Soloff
und Chiappetta 2019). Die Häufigkeit von Suizidversuchen ist bei der BPS mit 70 bis 80 % signifikant
höher (Soloff und Chiappetta 2019; Teismann et al.
2016). Im Durchschnitt berichten die Betroffenen von
drei Suizidversuchen in ihrem Leben. Gegenüber anderen psychischen Störungen ist die Anzahl von Suizidversuchen bei der BPS deutlich überrepräsentiert
(Yen et al. 2003). Folgende Faktoren für ein erhöhtes
Suizidrisiko konnten in Verlaufsstudien identifiziert
Die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung in den psychosozialen, psychotherapeutischen und psychiatrischen. ..
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übersichtsarbeit
werden: Männliches Geschlecht, lange Krankheitsgeschichte mit unwirksamen Behandlungserfahrungen, Hoffnungslosigkeit, Lebensalter zwischen 30 und
37 Jahren, Substanzmissbrauch, Impulsivität, komorbide Depression, häufige stationäre Aufnahmen in
der Vergangenheit, frühere Suizidversuche, fehlende
Anbindung an ambulante therapeutische Behandlungsformen, alleinlebende Wohnform, geringe soziale Integration, geringeres Einkommen und geringeres
psychosoziales Funktionsniveau (vgl. Pérez et al. 2014;
Soloff und Chiappetta 2017, 2019). Hier wird deutlich,
dass vor allem Betroffene mit einem langanhaltenden
Krankheitsverlauf, unwirksamen Behandlungserfahrungen, komorbiden Störungen sowie schweren psychosozialen Problemlagen wie soziale Desintegration
oder Erwerbsunfähigkeit einem hohen Suizidrisiko
ausgesetzt sind.
Die Versorgungssituation der BorderlinePersönlichkeitsstörung
Prävalenz in klinischen Stichproben
Allgemein zählt die BPS in der psychosozialen, psychiatrischen und psychotherapeutischen Versorgung
zu der am häufigsten anzutreffenden Persönlichkeitsstörung (Grilo et al. 1998; Loranger et al. 1994; Ranger et al. 2004; Zimmerman et al. 2005). Einem Review von Ellison et al. (2018) zufolge kann der Anteil
von Betroffenen mit einer BPS in den außerstationär-psychiatrischen Versorgungsangeboten auf 12 %
und in den stationär-psychiatrischen Angeboten auf
22 % geschätzt werden. Mit einem Geschlechterverhältnis von 70 zu 30 % ist der Anteil von weiblichen
Personen in diesem Bereich deutlich höher (Übersicht
bei Paris 2002a). Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass
sich die BPS bei den männlichen Patient_innen häufiger durch externalisierende Symptome (z. B. Impulsivität, Aggressivität, dissoziales Verhalten) auszeichnet und mit hohen Merkmalsausprägungen einer antisozialen Persönlichkeitsstörung oder Substanzmissbrauchsstörung einhergeht, was dazu führt, dass die
männlichen Betroffenen eher im forensischen Setting
oder im Strafvollzug anzutreffen sind (Barnow et al.
2007; Paris 2020). Aber auch allgemeine genderspezifische Unterschiede im Hilfesuchverhalten können
das ungleich verteilte Geschlechtsverhältnis der BPS
in klinischen Stichproben erklären.
Inanspruchnahme von Hilfeleistungen
Im Vergleich zu anderen Störungen weisen Betroffene
mit einer BPS eine überdurchschnittlich hohe Inanspruchnahme von psychotherapeutischen, medizinischen oder psychiatrischen Behandlungen auf. Hier
konnte z. B. die Collaborative Longitudinal Personality
Disorders Study zeigen, dass Borderline-Patient_innen
in den letzten 12 Monaten hohe Nutzerwerte in Bereichen wie: ambulante Psychotherapie (85 %), medi-
K
kamentöse Therapie (69 %), Konsultationen von Notaufnahmen (31 %) und stationäre Aufnahmen (31 %)
aufwiesen (Bender et al. 2006). In der McLean Study
of Adult Development wurden ebenfalls höhere Werte in der Vergangenheit im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe (KG) ermittelt. Zu den getesteten Variablen gehörten individuelle Psychotherapie (BPS 96 %
vs. KG 86 %), Gruppentherapie (BPS 36 % vs. KG 18 %),
Familientherapie (BPS 38 % vs. KG 29 %), Selbsthilfegruppen (BPS 51 % vs. KG 32 %), Tagesklinik (BPS 42 %
vs. KG 19 %), stationäre Behandlung (BPS 37 % vs. KG
10 %), stationär-psychiatrische Behandlung (BPS 79 %
vs. KG 50 %), medikamentöse Therapie (BPS 84 % vs.
KG 61 %) und andere nicht weiter spezifizierte Formen
der Hospitalisierung (BPS 60 % vs. KG 21 %) (Zanarini
et al. 2001).
Auch im Langzeitverlauf nimmt die Häufigkeit der
Inanspruchnahme trotz Symptomreduktion nur langsam ab (Bender et al. 2006; Hörz et al. 2010). Besonders Betroffene mit einer hohen Ausprägung in
den Bereichen Suizidalität, komorbide Angststörungen, psychotische Symptome und mit sexuellen Missbrauchs- oder Gewalterfahrungen in der Kindheit weisen eine gesteigerte Inanspruchnahme auf (vgl. Coid
et al. 2009; Comtois et al. 2003; Hull et al. 1996, Zanarini et al. 2001). Diese Prädiktoren beziehen sich
jedoch überwiegend auf die Beanspruchung von stationär-psychiatrischen Hilfen.
Behandlungs- und Krankheitskosten
In den letzten Jahren konnten mehrere europäische
Studien Daten zu den durch die BPS verursachten
direkten (unmittelbar durch die Behandlung und deren Folgen entstandenen Ressourcenverbräuche) und
indirekten (alle Produktionsverluste durch Arbeits-,
Erwerbsunfähigkeit oder vorzeitigen Tod, die der Erkrankung zugeordnet werden können) Krankheitskosten ermitteln (Übersicht in Wagner et al. 2013).
In den Niederlanden berechneten Van Asselt et al.
(2007) jährliche Kosten von 21.120 pro Patient_in.
Davon beliefen sich 50 % auf indirekte Kosten. Etwa
12 % entstanden durch stationäre und teilstationäre
sowie weitere 10 % durch ambulante Behandlungen.
In Großbritannien berechneten Bateman und Fonagy
(2003) direkte Kosten in Höhe von 38.771 pro Patient_in. Dagegen fand die Arbeitsgruppe um Palmer
et al. (2006) für Großbritannien bei den direkten
Kosten etwa 16.779 . Eine Arbeitsgruppe aus Dänemark ermittelte 40.411 pro Patient_in (Hastrup et al.
2019). Davon beliefen sich 60 % der Gesamtkosten
auf indirekte Kosten. Für Deutschland berechneten
Wagner et al. (2013) in der Berliner Borderline-Versorgungsstudie pro Patient_in jährliche Kosten von
28.026 , wobei die direkten Kosten (ca. 17.976 )
gegenüber den indirekten Kosten (ca. 8988 ) überwiegten. Allein 50 % der Kosten fielen auf stationäre
sowie teilstationäre Behandlungen und 25 % auf die
Folgen der Erwerbsunfähigkeit. Anhand dieser Zahlen
Die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung in den psychosozialen, psychotherapeutischen und psychiatrischen. ..
103
übersichtsarbeit
schätzen Stiglmayr und Gunia (2017) die Behandlungskosten der BPS in Deutschland auf 5 Mrd.
pro Jahr (7,5 Mrd. inklusive indirekte Kosten). Diese
Kosten werden nur noch von Patient_innen mit einer
Schizophrenie oder Multiplen Sklerose übertroffen
und nehmen einen beträchtlichen Anteil der Gesamtkosten für die stationäre Versorgung von psychisch
erkrankten Menschen ein (Wagner et al. 2013). Zu
den wichtigsten Ursachen zählen häufige stationäre
Aufenthalte infolge von Krisen und Einweisungen,
Erwerbsunfähigkeit der Betroffenen und mangelnde
außerklinische Versorgungsangebote.
Konsequenzen für die Versorgung in Deutschland
Die vorliegenden Studien machen deutlich, dass
Betroffene mit einer BPS zu einer Gruppe von Patient_innen mit komplexen und multiplen Problemlagen gehören sowie einen Bedarf an unterschiedlichen
therapeutischen, psychosozialen und medizinischen
Hilfen aufweisen. Ein Großteil der Betroffenen ist neben der Borderline-Problematik stark im Bereich der
Gesundheit, Bildung, beruflichen Situation und sozialen Beziehungen beeinträchtigt, wodurch sich die
Lebensqualität erheblich verschlechtert. Besonders in
Deutschland, dessen Versorgungssystem durch eine
starke Fragmentierung gekennzeichnet ist, profitieren
psychisch erkrankte Menschen mit komplexen Hilfebedarfen oft nur unzureichend (vgl. Giertz und Große
2020).
Eine sektorenübergreifende Vernetzung und flexible Ausrichtung der einzelnen Unterstützungsangebote ist daher für eine adäquate Versorgung von Betroffenen mit einer BPS nötig, um in Krisensituation
nicht auf das komplexe Leistungsspektrum von kostenintensiven stationären Angeboten zurückgreifen
zu müssen. Interventionen zur Vernetzung der einzelnen Unterstützungsmaßnahmen, welche vor allem
auf die Förderung bestehender sozialer Ressourcen
zielen (Giertz und Aderhold in diesem Heft) sowie
aufsuchende therapeutische Behandlungsformen, die
in Krisensituationen komplexe Behandlungsmaßnahmen und dadurch eine effektivere Umsetzung von
individuellen Bewältigungsstrategien ermöglichen
(Schindler et al. in diesem Heft), können einen Beitrag
dazu leisten, die Versorgungssituation der Betroffenen
zu verbessern.
Für Deutschland kann konstatiert werden, dass die
Versorgungssituation der Betroffenen im ambulanten
und komplementären Bereich besonders prekär ist.
Der Großteil der Behandlung findet im Rahmen von
kurzfristigen stationären Kriseninterventionen statt
(vgl. Wagner et al. 2013). Eine kontinuierliche ambulante Psychotherapie wird nur von einem geringen Teil
in Anspruch genommen, was möglicherweise damit
zusammenhängt, dass viele ambulante Psychotherapeut_innen die Behandlung der BPS aufgrund von
Suizidalität, fremd- oder selbstaggressivem Verhalten
als schwierig einschätzen. So berichten etwa 21 % der
104
Psychotherapeut_innen in einer Umfrage in München grundsätzlich keine Borderline-Patient_innen
zu behandeln und weitere 51 % gaben an nicht ausreichend Kapazitäten zur Verfügung zu haben (Jobst
et al. 2010). Für die Betroffenen ergibt sich daraus
eine therapeutische Unterversorgung. Zudem weisen
86 % der befragten Therapeut_innen keine störungsunspezifische Ausbildung auf, was das Risiko für
Behandlungsabbrüche erhöht. Diese therapeutische
Unterversorgung wird auch von einer internationalen
Studie zur Implementierung spezifischer Behandlungsmethoden und Versorgungsansätze für die BPS
gestützt. Für Deutschland berechnete die Arbeitsgruppe ausgehend von epidemiologischen Daten,
Daten der Weltgesundheitsorganisation und internationaler Fachverbände sowie von Daten aus Ausbildungs- und Akkreditierungszentren ein Verhältnis
zwischen störungsspezifisch ausgebildeten Therapeut_innen (z. B. Psycholog_innen, Psychiater_innen,
Sozialarbeiter_innen) und der jährlichen Anzahl von
zu behandelnden Patient_innen mit einer BPS von
1 zu 1102 (Iliakis et al. 2019). Neben dem Ausbau von
ambulanten störungsspezifischen Kapazitäten kann
die Etablierung von therapeutischen Netzwerken dazu beitragen, dass sich die Belastung für die einzelnen
ambulanten Therapeut_innen reduziert, eine kontinuierliche Behandlung ermöglicht und das Risiko für
Behandlungsabbrüche verringert wird (vgl. Margreiter
in diesem Heft; Stiglmayr in diesem Heft).
Viele Betroffene mit einer BPS nehmen häufig psychosoziale Versorgungsangebote wie betreutes Wohnen, ambulante Betreuungsangebote, Krisendienste
oder Beratungsstellen in Anspruch. Bis heute liegen in diesem Versorgungssektor keine störungsspezifischen Versorgungskonzepte vor (vgl. Dammann
2007). Auch dies kann zu einer Zunahme von psychosozialen Funktionseinschränkungen, Chronifizierung
und stationären Kriseninterventionen führen. Einer
qualitativen Untersuchung in diesem Bereich zufolge scheinen störungsspezifische Handlungsansätze
und eine differenzierte Sichtweise auf die individuelle Symptomatik der Betroffenen notwendig für die
Gestaltung einer tragfähigen professionellen Beziehungsarbeit zu sein, auf deren Basis sich Gestaltungskompetenzen entwickeln können (Gahleitner et al.
2020). Darüber hinaus kann die Implementierung
bspw. von verhaltens- und kognitivtherapeutischen
oder anderen therapeutischen Interventionen in diesem Bereich die Betroffenen bei der Vermittlung und
alltagsnahen Umsetzung von Bewältigungsstrategien
unterstützen, um somit Recoveryprozesse zu fördern
und die häufige Inanspruchnahme von stationären
Kriseninterventionen zu reduzieren (Rahn in diesem
Heft).
Ein weiterer Bereich betrifft präventive Unterstützungsmaßnahmen, um den Langzeitfolgen der BPS
entgegenzuwirken. Das Ersterkrankungsalter der BPS
liegt häufig in der Adoleszenz und manifestiert sich im
frühen Erwachsenenalter (vgl. Gunderson et al. 2011;
Die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung in den psychosozialen, psychotherapeutischen und psychiatrischen. ..
K
übersichtsarbeit
Zanarini et al. 2003). Früherkennung und frühzeitige
therapeutische Maßnahmen im Jugendbereich können präventiv zur Reduzierung von Langzeitfolgen wie
Ausbildungsabbrüche,
Chronifizierungstendenzen,
Stigmatisierung und soziale Desintegration beitragen
(Paris 2020). Ein Großteil der Betroffenen ist auch
erwerbsunfähig, wodurch einerseits hohe indirekte
Krankheitskosten entstehen und anderseits auch die
gesellschaftliche Teilhabe beeinträchtigt wird. Auch
hier bilden alternative Versorgungsmodelle wie das
Supportet Employment eine Möglichkeit, um durch
unterstützende Beschäftigung die Betroffene auf den
allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt zu integrieren (vgl. Richter
et al. 2019).
Insgesamt legen die Erkenntnisse zur Versorgungsituation von Betroffenen mit einer BPS in Deutschland
nahe, dass neben dem Ausbau von therapeutischen
Kapazitäten und von störungsspezifischen psychosozialen Angeboten im ambulanten und komplementären Bereich eine stärkere und flexiblere Vernetzung zwischen dem stationären und außerklinischen
Bereich notwendig ist, um auf den komplexen Hilfebedarf der Betroffenen zu reagieren sowie Chronifizierungsprozessen, sekundären Krankheitsfolgen
und Beeinträchtigungen der sozialen und beruflichen
Teilhabe entgegenzuwirken. Erste Ansätze finden sich
in Deutschland durch die Etablierung therapeutischer Netzwerke in verschiedenen Großstädten (siehe Stiglmayr in diesem Heft), der Implementierung
der Integrierten Versorgung für Betroffene mit einer
BPS in Hamburg (siehe Schindler et al. in diesem
Heft), der Umsetzung des Offenen Dialoges in der
gemeindespsychiatrischen Versorgung (siehe Giertz
und Aderhold in diesem Heft) oder der Einführung
des Fertigkeitentrainings STEPPS in verschiedenen
psychiatrischen Kliniken und Trägern der Eingliederungshilfe (siehe Rahn in diesem Heft).
Funding Open Access funding enabled and organized by
Projekt DEAL.
Interessenkonflikt K. Giertz und H.J. Grabe geben an, dass
kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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Hinweis des Verlags Der Verlag bleibt in Hinblick auf geografische Zuordnungen und Gebietsbezeichnungen in veröffentlichten Karten und Institutsadressen neutral.
Die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung in den psychosozialen, psychotherapeutischen und psychiatrischen. ..
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<!-- GFM-TOC -->
* [一、概览](#一概览)
* [Collection](#collection)
* [Map](#map)
* [二、容器中的设计模式](#二容器中的设计模式)
* [迭代器模式](#迭代器模式)
* [适配器模式](#适配器模式)
* [三、源码分析](#三源码分析)
* [ArrayList](#arraylist)
* [Vector](#vector)
* [CopyOnWriteArrayList](#copyonwritearraylist)
* [LinkedList](#linkedlist)
* [HashMap](#hashmap)
* [ConcurrentHashMap](#concurrenthashmap)
* [LinkedHashMap](#linkedhashmap)
* [WeakHashMap](#weakhashmap)
* [四、网络上优秀容器面试题](#四、网络上优秀容器面试题)
* [参考资料](#参考资料)
<!-- GFM-TOC -->
# 一、概览
容器主要包括 Collection 和 Map 两种，Collection 存储着对象的集合，而 Map 存储着键值对（两个对象）的映射表。
## Collection
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20191208220948084.png"/> </div><br>
### 1. Set
- TreeSet：基于红黑树实现，支持有序性操作，例如根据一个范围查找元素的操作。但是查找效率不如 HashSet，HashSet 查找的时间复杂度为 O(1)，TreeSet 则为 O(logN)。
- HashSet：基于哈希表实现，支持快速查找，但不支持有序性操作。并且失去了元素的插入顺序信息，也就是说使用 Iterator 遍历 HashSet 得到的结果是不确定的。
- LinkedHashSet：具有 HashSet 的查找效率，并且内部使用双向链表维护元素的插入顺序。
### 2. List
- ArrayList：基于动态数组实现，支持随机访问。
- Vector：和 ArrayList 类似，但它是线程安全的。
- LinkedList：基于双向链表实现，只能顺序访问，但是可以快速地在链表中间插入和删除元素。不仅如此，LinkedList 还可以用作栈、队列和双向队列。
### 3. Queue
- LinkedList：可以用它来实现双向队列。
- PriorityQueue：基于堆结构实现，可以用它来实现优先队列。
## Map
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20191208224757855.png"/> </div><br>
- TreeMap：基于红黑树实现。
- HashMap：基于哈希表实现。
- HashTable：和 HashMap 类似，但它是线程安全的，这意味着同一时刻多个线程同时写入 HashTable 不会导致数据不一致。它是遗留类，不应该去使用它，而是使用 ConcurrentHashMap 来支持线程安全，ConcurrentHashMap 的效率会更高，因为 ConcurrentHashMap 引入了分段锁。
- LinkedHashMap：使用双向链表来维护元素的顺序，顺序为插入顺序或者最近最少使用（LRU）顺序。
# 二、容器中的设计模式
## 迭代器模式
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20191208225301973.png"/> </div><br>
Collection 继承了 Iterable 接口，其中的 iterator() 方法能够产生一个 Iterator 对象，通过这个对象就可以迭代遍历 Collection 中的元素。
从 JDK 1.5 之后可以使用 foreach 方法来遍历实现了 Iterable 接口的聚合对象。
```java
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("a");
list.add("b");
for (String item : list) {
System.out.println(item);
}
```
## 适配器模式
java.util.Arrays#asList() 可以把数组类型转换为 List 类型。
```java
@SafeVarargs
public static <T> List<T> asList(T... a)
```
应该注意的是 asList() 的参数为泛型的变长参数，不能使用基本类型数组作为参数，只能使用相应的包装类型数组。
```java
Integer[] arr = {1, 2, 3};
List list = Arrays.asList(arr);
```
也可以使用以下方式调用 asList()：
```java
List list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3);
```
# 三、源码分析
如果没有特别说明，以下源码分析基于 JDK 1.8。
在 IDEA 中 double shift 调出 Search EveryWhere，查找源码文件，找到之后就可以阅读源码。
## ArrayList
### 1. 概览
因为 ArrayList 是基于数组实现的，所以支持快速随机访问。RandomAccess 接口标识着该类支持快速随机访问。
```java
public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
```
数组的默认大小为 10。
```java
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
```
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20191208232221265.png"/> </div><br>
### 2. 扩容
添加元素时使用 ensureCapacityInternal() 方法来保证容量足够，如果不够时，需要使用 grow() 方法进行扩容，新容量的大小为 `oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1)`，也就是旧容量的 1.5 倍。
扩容操作需要调用 `Arrays.copyOf()` 把原数组整个复制到新数组中，这个操作代价很高，因此最好在创建 ArrayList 对象时就指定大概的容量大小，减少扩容操作的次数。
```java
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
grow(minCapacity);
}
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
```
### 3. 删除元素
需要调用 System.arraycopy() 将 index+1 后面的元素都复制到 index 位置上，该操作的时间复杂度为 O(N)，可以看到 ArrayList 删除元素的代价是非常高的。
```java
public E remove(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
modCount++;
E oldValue = elementData(index);
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
return oldValue;
}
```
### 4. 序列化
ArrayList 基于数组实现，并且具有动态扩容特性，因此保存元素的数组不一定都会被使用，那么就没必要全部进行序列化。
保存元素的数组 elementData 使用 transient 修饰，该关键字声明数组默认不会被序列化。
```java
transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access
```
ArrayList 实现了 writeObject() 和 readObject() 来控制只序列化数组中有元素填充那部分内容。
```java
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
// Read in size, and any hidden stuff
s.defaultReadObject();
// Read in capacity
s.readInt(); // ignored
if (size > 0) {
// be like clone(), allocate array based upon size not capacity
ensureCapacityInternal(size);
Object[] a = elementData;
// Read in all elements in the proper order.
for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
a[i] = s.readObject();
}
}
}
```
```java
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException{
// Write out element count, and any hidden stuff
int expectedModCount = modCount;
s.defaultWriteObject();
// Write out size as capacity for behavioural compatibility with clone()
s.writeInt(size);
// Write out all elements in the proper order.
for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
s.writeObject(elementData[i]);
}
if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
```
序列化时需要使用 ObjectOutputStream 的 writeObject() 将对象转换为字节流并输出。而 writeObject() 方法在传入的对象存在 writeObject() 的时候会去反射调用该对象的 writeObject() 来实现序列化。反序列化使用的是 ObjectInputStream 的 readObject() 方法，原理类似。
```java
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
oos.writeObject(list);
```
### 5. Fail-Fast
modCount 用来记录 ArrayList 结构发生变化的次数。结构发生变化是指添加或者删除至少一个元素的所有操作，或者是调整内部数组的大小，仅仅只是设置元素的值不算结构发生变化。
在进行序列化或者迭代等操作时，需要比较操作前后 modCount 是否改变，如果改变了需要抛出 ConcurrentModificationException。代码参考上节序列化中的 writeObject() 方法。
## Vector
### 1. 同步
它的实现与 ArrayList 类似，但是使用了 synchronized 进行同步。
```java
public synchronized boolean add(E e) {
modCount++;
ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + 1);
elementData[elementCount++] = e;
return true;
}
public synchronized E get(int index) {
if (index >= elementCount)
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
return elementData(index);
}
```
### 2. 扩容
Vector 的构造函数可以传入 capacityIncrement 参数，它的作用是在扩容时使容量 capacity 增长 capacityIncrement。如果这个参数的值小于等于 0，扩容时每次都令 capacity 为原来的两倍。
```java
public Vector(int initialCapacity, int capacityIncrement) {
super();
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
this.capacityIncrement = capacityIncrement;
}
```
```java
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + ((capacityIncrement > 0) ?
capacityIncrement : oldCapacity);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
```
调用没有 capacityIncrement 的构造函数时，capacityIncrement 值被设置为 0，也就是说默认情况下 Vector 每次扩容时容量都会翻倍。
```java
public Vector(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, 0);
}
public Vector() {
this(10);
}
```
### 3. 与 ArrayList 的比较
- Vector 是同步的，因此开销就比 ArrayList 要大，访问速度更慢。最好使用 ArrayList 而不是 Vector，因为同步操作完全可以由程序员自己来控制；
- Vector 每次扩容请求其大小的 2 倍（也可以通过构造函数设置增长的容量），而 ArrayList 是 1.5 倍。
### 4. 替代方案
可以使用 `Collections.synchronizedList();` 得到一个线程安全的 ArrayList。
```java
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
List<String> synList = Collections.synchronizedList(list);
```
也可以使用 concurrent 并发包下的 CopyOnWriteArrayList 类。
```java
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
```
## CopyOnWriteArrayList
### 1. 读写分离
写操作在一个复制的数组上进行，读操作还是在原始数组中进行，读写分离，互不影响。
写操作需要加锁，防止并发写入时导致写入数据丢失。
写操作结束之后需要把原始数组指向新的复制数组。
```java
public boolean add(E e) {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
Object[] elements = getArray();
int len = elements.length;
Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
newElements[len] = e;
setArray(newElements);
return true;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
final void setArray(Object[] a) {
array = a;
}
```
```java
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private E get(Object[] a, int index) {
return (E) a[index];
}
```
### 2. 适用场景
CopyOnWriteArrayList 在写操作的同时允许读操作，大大提高了读操作的性能，因此很适合读多写少的应用场景。
但是 CopyOnWriteArrayList 有其缺陷：
- 内存占用：在写操作时需要复制一个新的数组，使得内存占用为原来的两倍左右；
- 数据不一致：读操作不能读取实时性的数据，因为部分写操作的数据还未同步到读数组中。
所以 CopyOnWriteArrayList 不适合内存敏感以及对实时性要求很高的场景。
## LinkedList
### 1. 概览
基于双向链表实现，使用 Node 存储链表节点信息。
```java
private static class Node<E> {
E item;
Node<E> next;
Node<E> prev;
}
```
每个链表存储了 first 和 last 指针：
```java
transient Node<E> first;
transient Node<E> last;
```
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20191208233940066.png"/> </div><br>
### 2. 与 ArrayList 的比较
ArrayList 基于动态数组实现，LinkedList 基于双向链表实现。ArrayList 和 LinkedList 的区别可以归结为数组和链表的区别：
- 数组支持随机访问，但插入删除的代价很高，需要移动大量元素；
- 链表不支持随机访问，但插入删除只需要改变指针。
## HashMap
为了便于理解，以下源码分析以 JDK 1.7 为主。
### 1. 存储结构
内部包含了一个 Entry 类型的数组 table。Entry 存储着键值对。它包含了四个字段，从 next 字段我们可以看出 Entry 是一个链表。即数组中的每个位置被当成一个桶，一个桶存放一个链表。HashMap 使用拉链法来解决冲突，同一个链表中存放哈希值和散列桶取模运算结果相同的 Entry。
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20191208234948205.png"/> </div><br>
```java
transient Entry[] table;
```
```java
static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final K key;
V value;
Entry<K,V> next;
int hash;
Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) {
value = v;
next = n;
key = k;
hash = h;
}
public final K getKey() {
return key;
}
public final V getValue() {
return value;
}
public final V setValue(V newValue) {
V oldValue = value;
value = newValue;
return oldValue;
}
public final boolean equals(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
return false;
Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o;
Object k1 = getKey();
Object k2 = e.getKey();
if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) {
Object v1 = getValue();
Object v2 = e.getValue();
if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2)))
return true;
}
return false;
}
public final int hashCode() {
return Objects.hashCode(getKey()) ^ Objects.hashCode(getValue());
}
public final String toString() {
return getKey() + "=" + getValue();
}
}
```
### 2. 拉链法的工作原理
```java
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("K1", "V1");
map.put("K2", "V2");
map.put("K3", "V3");
```
- 新建一个 HashMap，默认大小为 16；
- 插入 <K1,V1> 键值对，先计算 K1 的 hashCode 为 115，使用除留余数法得到所在的桶下标 115%16=3。
- 插入 <K2,V2> 键值对，先计算 K2 的 hashCode 为 118，使用除留余数法得到所在的桶下标 118%16=6。
- 插入 <K3,V3> 键值对，先计算 K3 的 hashCode 为 118，使用除留余数法得到所在的桶下标 118%16=6，插在 <K2,V2> 前面。
应该注意到链表的插入是以头插法方式进行的，例如上面的 <K3,V3> 不是插在 <K2,V2> 后面，而是插入在链表头部。
查找需要分成两步进行：
- 计算键值对所在的桶；
- 在链表上顺序查找，时间复杂度显然和链表的长度成正比。
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20191208235258643.png"/> </div><br>
### 3. put 操作
```java
public V put(K key, V value) {
if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {
inflateTable(threshold);
}
// 键为 null 单独处理
if (key == null)
return putForNullKey(value);
int hash = hash(key);
// 确定桶下标
int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
// 先找出是否已经存在键为 key 的键值对，如果存在的话就更新这个键值对的值为 value
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
e.recordAccess(this);
return oldValue;
}
}
modCount++;
// 插入新键值对
addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
return null;
}
```
HashMap 允许插入键为 null 的键值对。但是因为无法调用 null 的 hashCode() 方法，也就无法确定该键值对的桶下标，只能通过强制指定一个桶下标来存放。HashMap 使用第 0 个桶存放键为 null 的键值对。
```java
private V putForNullKey(V value) {
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
if (e.key == null) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
e.recordAccess(this);
return oldValue;
}
}
modCount++;
addEntry(0, null, value, 0);
return null;
}
```
使用链表的头插法，也就是新的键值对插在链表的头部，而不是链表的尾部。
```java
void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {
resize(2 * table.length);
hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0;
bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length);
}
createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);
}
void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];
// 头插法，链表头部指向新的键值对
table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
size++;
}
```
```java
Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) {
value = v;
next = n;
key = k;
hash = h;
}
```
### 4. 确定桶下标
很多操作都需要先确定一个键值对所在的桶下标。
```java
int hash = hash(key);
int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
```
**4.1 计算 hash 值**
```java
final int hash(Object k) {
int h = hashSeed;
if (0 != h && k instanceof String) {
return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
}
h ^= k.hashCode();
// This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by
// constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded
// number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
}
```
```java
public final int hashCode() {
return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
}
```
**4.2 取模**
令 x = 1<<4，即 x 为 2 的 4 次方，它具有以下性质：
```
x : 00010000
x-1 : 00001111
```
令一个数 y 与 x-1 做与运算，可以去除 y 位级表示的第 4 位以上数：
```
y : 10110010
x-1 : 00001111
y&(x-1) : 00000010
```
这个性质和 y 对 x 取模效果是一样的：
```
y : 10110010
x : 00010000
y%x : 00000010
```
我们知道，位运算的代价比求模运算小的多，因此在进行这种计算时用位运算的话能带来更高的性能。
确定桶下标的最后一步是将 key 的 hash 值对桶个数取模：hash%capacity，如果能保证 capacity 为 2 的 n 次方，那么就可以将这个操作转换为位运算。
```java
static int indexFor(int h, int length) {
return h & (length-1);
}
```
### 5. 扩容-基本原理
设 HashMap 的 table 长度为 M，需要存储的键值对数量为 N，如果哈希函数满足均匀性的要求，那么每条链表的长度大约为 N/M，因此查找的复杂度为 O(N/M)。
为了让查找的成本降低，应该使 N/M 尽可能小，因此需要保证 M 尽可能大，也就是说 table 要尽可能大。HashMap 采用动态扩容来根据当前的 N 值来调整 M 值，使得空间效率和时间效率都能得到保证。
和扩容相关的参数主要有：capacity、size、threshold 和 load_factor。
| 参数 | 含义 |
| :--------: | :----------------------------------------------------------- |
| capacity | table 的容量大小，默认为 16。需要注意的是 capacity 必须保证为 2 的 n 次方。 |
| size | 键值对数量。 |
| threshold | size 的临界值，当 size 大于等于 threshold 就必须进行扩容操作。 |
| loadFactor | 装载因子，table 能够使用的比例，threshold = (int)(capacity* loadFactor)。 |
```java
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
transient Entry[] table;
transient int size;
int threshold;
final float loadFactor;
transient int modCount;
```
从下面的添加元素代码中可以看出，当需要扩容时，令 capacity 为原来的两倍。
```java
void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];
table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
if (size++ >= threshold)
resize(2 * table.length);
}
```
扩容使用 resize() 实现，需要注意的是，扩容操作同样需要把 oldTable 的所有键值对重新插入 newTable 中，因此这一步是很费时的。
```java
void resize(int newCapacity) {
Entry[] oldTable = table;
int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return;
}
Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
transfer(newTable);
table = newTable;
threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor);
}
void transfer(Entry[] newTable) {
Entry[] src = table;
int newCapacity = newTable.length;
for (int j = 0; j < src.length; j++) {
Entry<K,V> e = src[j];
if (e != null) {
src[j] = null;
do {
Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
e.next = newTable[i];
newTable[i] = e;
e = next;
} while (e != null);
}
}
}
```
### 6. 扩容-重新计算桶下标
在进行扩容时，需要把键值对重新计算桶下标，从而放到对应的桶上。在前面提到，HashMap 使用 hash%capacity 来确定桶下标。HashMap capacity 为 2 的 n 次方这一特点能够极大降低重新计算桶下标操作的复杂度。
假设原数组长度 capacity 为 16，扩容之后 new capacity 为 32：
```html
capacity : 00010000
new capacity : 00100000
```
对于一个 Key，它的哈希值 hash 在第 5 位：
- 为 0，那么 hash%00010000 = hash%00100000，桶位置和原来一致；
- 为 1，hash%00010000 = hash%00100000 + 16，桶位置是原位置 + 16。
### 7. 计算数组容量
HashMap 构造函数允许用户传入的容量不是 2 的 n 次方，因为它可以自动地将传入的容量转换为 2 的 n 次方。
先考虑如何求一个数的掩码，对于 10010000，它的掩码为 11111111，可以使用以下方法得到：
```
mask |= mask >> 1 11011000
mask |= mask >> 2 11111110
mask |= mask >> 4 11111111
```
mask+1 是大于原始数字的最小的 2 的 n 次方。
```
num 10010000
mask+1 100000000
```
以下是 HashMap 中计算数组容量的代码：
```java
static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) {
int n = cap - 1;
n |= n >>> 1;
n |= n >>> 2;
n |= n >>> 4;
n |= n >>> 8;
n |= n >>> 16;
return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;
}
```
### 8. 链表转红黑树
从 JDK 1.8 开始，一个桶存储的链表长度大于等于 8 时会将链表转换为红黑树。
### 9. 与 Hashtable 的比较
- Hashtable 使用 synchronized 来进行同步。
- HashMap 可以插入键为 null 的 Entry。
- HashMap 的迭代器是 fail-fast 迭代器。
- HashMap 不能保证随着时间的推移 Map 中的元素次序是不变的。
###10.[《我们一起进大厂》系列-HashMap](https://juejin.im/post/5dee6f54f265da33ba5a79c8)
## ConcurrentHashMap
### 1. 存储结构
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20191209001038024.png"/> </div><br>
```java
static final class HashEntry<K,V> {
final int hash;
final K key;
volatile V value;
volatile HashEntry<K,V> next;
}
```
ConcurrentHashMap 和 HashMap 实现上类似，最主要的差别是 ConcurrentHashMap 采用了分段锁（Segment），每个分段锁维护着几个桶（HashEntry），多个线程可以同时访问不同分段锁上的桶，从而使其并发度更高（并发度就是 Segment 的个数）。
Segment 继承自 ReentrantLock。
```java
static final class Segment<K,V> extends ReentrantLock implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2249069246763182397L;
static final int MAX_SCAN_RETRIES =
Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() > 1 ? 64 : 1;
transient volatile HashEntry<K,V>[] table;
transient int count;
transient int modCount;
transient int threshold;
final float loadFactor;
}
```
```java
final Segment<K,V>[] segments;
```
默认的并发级别为 16，也就是说默认创建 16 个 Segment。
```java
static final int DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 16;
```
### 2. size 操作
每个 Segment 维护了一个 count 变量来统计该 Segment 中的键值对个数。
```java
/**
* The number of elements. Accessed only either within locks
* or among other volatile reads that maintain visibility.
*/
transient int count;
```
在执行 size 操作时，需要遍历所有 Segment 然后把 count 累计起来。
ConcurrentHashMap 在执行 size 操作时先尝试不加锁，如果连续两次不加锁操作得到的结果一致，那么可以认为这个结果是正确的。
尝试次数使用 RETRIES_BEFORE_LOCK 定义，该值为 2，retries 初始值为 -1，因此尝试次数为 3。
如果尝试的次数超过 3 次，就需要对每个 Segment 加锁。
```java
/**
* Number of unsynchronized retries in size and containsValue
* methods before resorting to locking. This is used to avoid
* unbounded retries if tables undergo continuous modification
* which would make it impossible to obtain an accurate result.
*/
static final int RETRIES_BEFORE_LOCK = 2;
public int size() {
// Try a few times to get accurate count. On failure due to
// continuous async changes in table, resort to locking.
final Segment<K,V>[] segments = this.segments;
int size;
boolean overflow; // true if size overflows 32 bits
long sum; // sum of modCounts
long last = 0L; // previous sum
int retries = -1; // first iteration isn't retry
try {
for (;;) {
// 超过尝试次数，则对每个 Segment 加锁
if (retries++ == RETRIES_BEFORE_LOCK) {
for (int j = 0; j < segments.length; ++j)
ensureSegment(j).lock(); // force creation
}
sum = 0L;
size = 0;
overflow = false;
for (int j = 0; j < segments.length; ++j) {
Segment<K,V> seg = segmentAt(segments, j);
if (seg != null) {
sum += seg.modCount;
int c = seg.count;
if (c < 0 || (size += c) < 0)
overflow = true;
}
}
// 连续两次得到的结果一致，则认为这个结果是正确的
if (sum == last)
break;
last = sum;
}
} finally {
if (retries > RETRIES_BEFORE_LOCK) {
for (int j = 0; j < segments.length; ++j)
segmentAt(segments, j).unlock();
}
}
return overflow ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : size;
}
```
### 3. JDK 1.8 的改动
JDK 1.7 使用分段锁机制来实现并发更新操作，核心类为 Segment，它继承自重入锁 ReentrantLock，并发度与 Segment 数量相等。
JDK 1.8 使用了 CAS 操作来支持更高的并发度，在 CAS 操作失败时使用内置锁 synchronized。
并且 JDK 1.8 的实现也在链表过长时会转换为红黑树。
## LinkedHashMap
### 存储结构
继承自 HashMap，因此具有和 HashMap 一样的快速查找特性。
```java
public class LinkedHashMap<K,V> extends HashMap<K,V> implements Map<K,V>
```
内部维护了一个双向链表，用来维护插入顺序或者 LRU 顺序。
```java
/**
* The head (eldest) of the doubly linked list.
*/
transient LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> head;
/**
* The tail (youngest) of the doubly linked list.
*/
transient LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> tail;
```
accessOrder 决定了顺序，默认为 false，此时维护的是插入顺序。
```java
final boolean accessOrder;
```
LinkedHashMap 最重要的是以下用于维护顺序的函数，它们会在 put、get 等方法中调用。
```java
void afterNodeAccess(Node<K,V> p) { }
void afterNodeInsertion(boolean evict) { }
```
### afterNodeAccess()
当一个节点被访问时，如果 accessOrder 为 true，则会将该节点移到链表尾部。也就是说指定为 LRU 顺序之后，在每次访问一个节点时，会将这个节点移到链表尾部，保证链表尾部是最近访问的节点，那么链表首部就是最近最久未使用的节点。
```java
void afterNodeAccess(Node<K,V> e) { // move node to last
LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> last;
if (accessOrder && (last = tail) != e) {
LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p =
(LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>)e, b = p.before, a = p.after;
p.after = null;
if (b == null)
head = a;
else
b.after = a;
if (a != null)
a.before = b;
else
last = b;
if (last == null)
head = p;
else {
p.before = last;
last.after = p;
}
tail = p;
++modCount;
}
}
```
### afterNodeInsertion()
在 put 等操作之后执行，当 removeEldestEntry() 方法返回 true 时会移除最晚的节点，也就是链表首部节点 first。
evict 只有在构建 Map 的时候才为 false，在这里为 true。
```java
void afterNodeInsertion(boolean evict) { // possibly remove eldest
LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> first;
if (evict && (first = head) != null && removeEldestEntry(first)) {
K key = first.key;
removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true);
}
}
```
removeEldestEntry() 默认为 false，如果需要让它为 true，需要继承 LinkedHashMap 并且覆盖这个方法的实现，这在实现 LRU 的缓存中特别有用，通过移除最近最久未使用的节点，从而保证缓存空间足够，并且缓存的数据都是热点数据。
```java
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest) {
return false;
}
```
### LRU 缓存
以下是使用 LinkedHashMap 实现的一个 LRU 缓存：
- 设定最大缓存空间 MAX_ENTRIES 为 3；
- 使用 LinkedHashMap 的构造函数将 accessOrder 设置为 true，开启 LRU 顺序；
- 覆盖 removeEldestEntry() 方法实现，在节点多于 MAX_ENTRIES 就会将最近最久未使用的数据移除。
```java
class LRUCache<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V> {
private static final int MAX_ENTRIES = 3;
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) {
return size() > MAX_ENTRIES;
}
LRUCache() {
super(MAX_ENTRIES, 0.75f, true);
}
}
```
```java
public static void main(String[] args) {
LRUCache<Integer, String> cache = new LRUCache<>();
cache.put(1, "a");
cache.put(2, "b");
cache.put(3, "c");
cache.get(1);
cache.put(4, "d");
System.out.println(cache.keySet());
}
```
```html
[3, 1, 4]
```
## WeakHashMap
### 存储结构
WeakHashMap 的 Entry 继承自 WeakReference，被 WeakReference 关联的对象在下一次垃圾回收时会被回收。
WeakHashMap 主要用来实现缓存，通过使用 WeakHashMap 来引用缓存对象，由 JVM 对这部分缓存进行回收。
```java
private static class Entry<K,V> extends WeakReference<Object> implements Map.Entry<K,V>
```
### ConcurrentCache
Tomcat 中的 ConcurrentCache 使用了 WeakHashMap 来实现缓存功能。
ConcurrentCache 采取的是分代缓存：
- 经常使用的对象放入 eden 中，eden 使用 ConcurrentHashMap 实现，不用担心会被回收（伊甸园）；
- 不常用的对象放入 longterm，longterm 使用 WeakHashMap 实现，这些老对象会被垃圾收集器回收。
- 当调用 get() 方法时，会先从 eden 区获取，如果没有找到的话再到 longterm 获取，当从 longterm 获取到就把对象放入 eden 中，从而保证经常被访问的节点不容易被回收。
- 当调用 put() 方法时，如果 eden 的大小超过了 size，那么就将 eden 中的所有对象都放入 longterm 中，利用虚拟机回收掉一部分不经常使用的对象。
```java
public final class ConcurrentCache<K, V> {
private final int size;
private final Map<K, V> eden;
private final Map<K, V> longterm;
public ConcurrentCache(int size) {
this.size = size;
this.eden = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(size);
this.longterm = new WeakHashMap<>(size);
}
public V get(K k) {
V v = this.eden.get(k);
if (v == null) {
v = this.longterm.get(k);
if (v != null)
this.eden.put(k, v);
}
return v;
}
public void put(K k, V v) {
if (this.eden.size() >= size) {
this.longterm.putAll(this.eden);
this.eden.clear();
}
this.eden.put(k, v);
}
}
```
#四、网络上优秀容器面试题
- [我说我了解集合类，面试官竟然问我为啥HashMap的负载因子不设置成1！？](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/_zbOHbQa2zDVosXUlYUrSQ)
- [漫画：什么是HashMap？](https://juejin.im/post/5a215783f265da431d3c7bba)
- [面试必备：*HashMap*源码解析（JDK8）](https://juejin.im/post/599652796fb9a0249975a318)
- [*HashMap*? ConcurrentHashMap? 相信看完这篇没人能难住你！](https://juejin.im/post/5b551e8df265da0f84562403)
- [*HashMap*，ArrayMap，SparseArray源码分析及性能对比](http://www.jianshu.com/p/7b9a1b386265)
- [为啥*HashMap*的默认容量是16？](https://juejin.im/post/5deda5e1518825127d1078c3)
- [*HashMap*为何从头插入改为尾插入](https://juejin.im/post/5ba457a25188255c7b168023)
- [*HashMap*面试必问的6个点，你知道几个？](https://juejin.im/post/5d5d25e9f265da03f66dc517)
- [面试官："准备用*HashMap*存1w条数据，构造时传10000还会触发扩容吗？"](https://juejin.im/post/5db92860e51d4529ee588406)
- [求求你们不要再问*HashMap*原理了....](https://juejin.im/post/5c7f69dff265da2dea054fdc)
- [10分钟掌握ConcurrentHashMap 3分钟清楚和*HashMap*、Hashtable的区别](https://juejin.im/post/5c8276216fb9a049d51a4cd6)
- [21 个必问的 HashMap 知识](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lVOAMh9MEospZFUKV5hArg)
# 参考资料
- Eckel B. Java 编程思想 [M]. 机械工业出版社, 2002.
- [Java Collection Framework](https://www.w3resource.com/java-tutorial/java-collections.php)
- [Iterator 模式](https://openhome.cc/Gossip/DesignPattern/IteratorPattern.htm)
- [Java 8 系列之重新认识 HashMap](https://tech.meituan.com/java_hashmap.html)
- [What is difference between HashMap and Hashtable in Java?](http://javarevisited.blogspot.hk/2010/10/difference-between-hashmap-and.html)
- [Java 集合之 HashMap](http://www.zhangchangle.com/2018/02/07/Java%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E4%B9%8BHashMap/)
- [The principle of ConcurrentHashMap analysis](http://www.programering.com/a/MDO3QDNwATM.html)
- [探索 ConcurrentHashMap 高并发性的实现机制](https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/java-lo-concurrenthashmap/)
- [HashMap 相关面试题及其解答](https://www.jianshu.com/p/75adf47958a7)
- [Java 集合细节（二）：asList 的缺陷](http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/java-enhancement/java-thirtysix.html)
- [Java Collection Framework – The LinkedList Class](http://javaconceptoftheday.com/java-collection-framework-linkedlist-class/)
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '626900963e3e5f602308d68179a1eb6599bc6e16e25663be93b232e2394982ac'} |
A man called 911 around 8:20 p.m. on May 30 after being involved in a road-rage situation in Queen Anne that ended with the other driver pulling a semi-automatic handgun out.
The victim told police he’d been driving west on Nickerson Street where the two lanes merged into one. He saw in his rear-view mirror a car coming up from behind in the other lane, accelerating to pass him. He also accelerated so the other car couldn’t pass, but the other car eventually got in front of him.
He said, by the time the other car passed him, it was down to one lane, and it almost ended in a collision.
After the other car got in front of him, the driver of that vehicle stepped on his brake, almost leading to another collision.
At this point, the victim began following the other car closely, heading westbound toward the Ballard Bridge. He followed the vehicle to an industrial area just off of 15th Avenue West and West Bertona Street. The other vehicle parked, and the driver got out.
The victim said he was about to park and confront the driver, when he saw the suspect walk to the trunk of his car and open the trunk. He said he thought the driver might grab some type of weapon, so he drove off.
He said while he was driving away he looked back and saw the suspect appear from the trunk with a semi-automatic in his right hand and point it toward him.
Missing cash
On May 20, around 3 p.m., police responded to a business in 900 block of Dexter Avenue North in response to a reported burglary.
The business manager told police, when he opened the business that day, the cash from the register and a bank bag were missing.
He said he first went to the building maintenance workers to complain. They checked surveillance video and discovered that, at 2 a.m., two suspects forced their way into the building.
The business manager told police that he always has $200 in the register and the remainder of the week’s cash in a hidden bag. He said the total amount of cash missing was $2,025.
Police viewed the surveillance video and saw two men entering the building from the back door. The suspects used crowbars to force it open. The suspects are then seen running out of the business three minutes later.
Officers checked the building and found pry marks on the door. Four doors inside the building also had fresh pry marks. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9801008105278016}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '74598', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:P35MPWEFYIW5EIGCPTMUDAYQ2LLX6WAP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f994e346-cd51-4e66-9c6f-21b683b324cf>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 22, 3, 33, 29), 'WARC-IP-Address': '64.72.140.247', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OA6G4DDNQA7WG6ANVT46ED4CBRNODEWK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6b9e4486-8fd3-44bc-b0cc-45bd56799656>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.queenannenews.com/Content/News/Breaking-News/Article/POLICE-BLOTTER---June-11--2014/26/539/35854', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f1113ca9-62b6-4f1f-8192-34d43d85a743>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '434', 'url': 'http://www.queenannenews.com/Content/News/Breaking-News/Article/POLICE-BLOTTER---June-11--2014/26/539/35854', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.027286112308502197', 'original_id': 'efe9ea8f9971a0703595d7ea6c10746d99ccaf9740322274a41b1e512bac3b93'} |
Saving the day
The most fun moments in a raid are never when you down a boss flawlessly, but when things go hilariously wrong.
Today I joined a guild group for ten-man Trial of the Crusader, consisting of a couple of main raiders, a few guild members who don't usually raid with us and a bunch of alts. We one-shot the first three bosses, if not flawlessly, and then wiped a few times on the Twin Val'kyr as those unfamiliar with the fight struggled to get to grips with the whole colour-swapping concept.
To summarise it for non-raiders: You fight two val'kyr and there's some stuff with white and black swirlies that you have to either seek out or avoid.
Oh yeah, and I was main-tanking on my paladin.
On our third or fourth attempt the tank of the other val'kyr went down when the boss was at about thirty-five percent health. Within only a few seconds a whole bunch of thoughts raced through my head:
Ok, the other tank is down. This already happened on a previous attempt but we managed to recover from that particular mishap due to the feral dps druid taking over tanking for a bit while one of the other druids combat-resed the dead tank. Can we do this again? Nope, the feral druid went down very early in the fight this time. Any combat reses at all? Nope, both of the other druids used theirs on the previous attempt and they are still on cooldown. Hm.
I targetted the loose val'kyr and saw our enhancement shaman attempting to tank her, the fool. He took a hit or two and lived, but it was obvious that he'd be dead meat soon. So I did what any tank would do in such a situation: I taunted.
There was no real logic to it. After all every guide will tell you that you need two tanks for this fight, though I couldn't remember why. Something about the two val'kyr healing or buffing each other if they are close? All I knew was that a boss was hitting someone she wasn't supposed to be hitting, and even if we were going down it was only right that we should be going down with everything beating on me, the tank, until the very last moment.
Healers have a similar instinct, which often annoys our raid leader when he calls for a wipe and we drag it out endlessly by desperately healing whatever we can until we're all dead. It's what healers do, damn it, we can't just stop because you say so!
Anyway, there I was, tanking both of the winged ladies at once. Somehow I managed to keep aggro on both of them too, only losing the one I wasn't supposed to tank briefly once but taunting her right back again immediately. The healers were frantically spamming heals on me as is their way. The dps kept nuking. A smile started to spread across my face. I felt invincible!
Slowly, very slowly, the twins went down. They did a couple more of their special moves and we lost more people, but somehow we kept going. Even though I wasn't moving, suddenly all the little buffing swirls seemed to be attracted to me, and before I knew it I became a giant among elves and started to radiate light. (No really, it's what that buff does!) And then they both fell down at my feet at once, I ran around like a loon and laughed at my screen.
People congratulated me on my tanking and on saving the day, but the fact of the matter is that I didn't really do anything that amazing. Just doing my "normal" job on the previous three bosses had involved more work than that one taunt really.
Nonetheless I have to say that it felt really great. It's one thing to beat an encounter because you're doing it right, but there's also something to be said for doing it outrageously wrong and still coming out on top.
1 comment:
1. Wow, must have been something indeed, with an alt tank too! :D
I always wondered why it's so hard for healers to let go of their keyboard and just... stop healing. Until just now a few moments ago I reflected and realized that I as tank basicly tend to do the same thing; it doesn't matter that 6/10 people are down or that the enrage timer is 20sec away, if that loose mob is beating on a non-tank I'll taunt it just the same. When I do let go of my keyboard, it takes almost a physical effort to resist putting them right back, until at last it's a wipe :D | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.98454350233078}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '119523', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6M6V3XV3IY53EASBMIUAI7XGJGWAEQHG', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:de973cc5-767f-4242-bd80-4c45b0af3ac5>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 13, 20, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.125.228.76', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QLYNKD55XMLIY225RV6NTUZDMBKGDP4Y', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1e80beb7-44aa-4e51-8beb-b390fdd91f81>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://priestwithacause.blogspot.com/2009/09/saving-day.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:99952b20-0d1b-4bbc-814d-f458f868c303>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '786', 'url': 'http://priestwithacause.blogspot.com/2009/09/saving-day.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1473105549812317', 'original_id': '62eee6ad4d26c240462b813690bb8d53bb41bf3f55a1bbffebebf74fdb9482c5'} |
You’ll be very surprised when you find out what your cats actually think of you…
Professor John Bradshaw, of the University of Bristol, is a cat-behavior specialist, as well as author of the newly released book Cat Sense.
After spending many years monitoring pet cats, he has come to an unusual conclusion: cats do not really comprehend humans in the same way that dogs do.
During an interview, he was questioned, “How did you come to the conclusion that cats do not “understand us” the way dogs do?” He responded in the following way.
“There has been a great deal of study done on dogs and how they connect with humans. There is little doubt that dogs perceive humans as being different from themselves: they immediately alter their behavior when they observe a person in their environment.
The way a dog interacts with a person is very different from [the way it interacts with] another canine companion.”
However, we haven’t found anything in cat behavior to support the notion that cats have a distinct box in which they place humans while they are associating with us.
They are clearly aware that humans are far larger than they are, yet they do not seem to have changed their social behavior much as a result.
When cats play with each other, they do things like raise their tails in the air, rub their bodies on each other’s legs, sit next to us while grooming us.
Cats actually behave toward humans in a manner that is almost indistinguishable from [how] they would behave toward other cats.
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Tuesday, October 26, 2010
Are Y'all Still with Me!?
I got the opportunity for the first time in a long time to jump into the blogosphere tonight. Obviously I've been gone for a few weeks. Interesting enough, several other bloggers had pointed out they haven't been blogging a lot lately (as observed by my stealing of the title of this post from my sister.) Where have I been? That's an interesting question.
Let's just say, I've been scatter-brained and trying to get my priorities in order. My wife Abby pointed out that I'm like a juggler who constantly has six balls in the air and trying to figure out what to do and wondering how I'm doing it. With work, off-duty jobs, Cub Scouts and other activities, I have so many things going on that everything is a mess. I'm struggling to keep all of those balls up in the air. So even my blog, which was like an escape for me---someplace to put my thoughts became a burden. It got to the point that I was even juggling my support system.
So for that reason, among others, I'm trying to get my support system back underneath me. I feel like I have a pretty good support system made up of my wife, my family and my friends. I suppose you could use the old analogy of the three legged stool and each one of those legs supporting me. But I think it's an imperfect analogy. One reason is because it's not quite that even of a balance. I lean more on Abby than I do my family or friends. If she wasn't there for me then I'd be toast. I'm at a loss. That being said, the other two legs are necessary because, well, lets face it--I'm so needy that Abby couldn't deal with all of my quirks and insecurities alone and still keep her own sanity. So I lean on family to support me because they have to love me no matter what---it's the law! And I lean on my friends because my mom stopped paying people to hang around me years ago so I know that my friends are my friends because they stick around despite my quirks and insecurities.
Another reason that the stool analogy is imperfect is because a stool offers simple support. It goes one way. Whereas, I maintain relationships with my support systems. It goes two ways. They take care of me and I take care of them. The problem comes in when you don't take care of your support system or you start juggling it along with everything else or when you focus on one leg of your support system more than you should. That's when your support system can become a stress. That's when you need to back off and place the focus where it belongs. Maybe you've been focusing so much on your volunteer work so that your family is suffering. Or maybe you've been spending too much time drinking or watching football with your buddies that your spouse is neglected.
The final reason that the stool analogy is imperfect is because it doesn't include God. Without God, you are nothing. It doesn't matter what type of support system you have. You could have the best wife (which I do), a wonderful family (which I do) and the best best friends (which I do) but without God first in your life then you will never find the peace that you are looking for. And that's something else I need to work on. My poor prayer life is kicking me in the butt. I need to work on my relationship with God just like I have to work on my relationship with Abby, my family and my friends.
I'm looking for more than just balance in my life. That would imply that I'm still juggling things. I think a better descriptor would be that I'm looking for order. I need to put everything in it's respective place and in the proper order. What does that mean for RomanCatholicCop.com? Like I said earlier--I use this blog as an escape so I'm not quitting blogging. I'm just not going to feel a NEED to blog. I'm going to use it as escape like I originally intended and stop thinking I need to post three times a week and stop checking out StatCounter.com to see how many people viewed it every day. It's all about order. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9721590876579284}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '73655', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:E32DLHIFR2ZZVBURJXUQYG6VEDFTZZ5M', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ea552dad-09df-4657-81b6-c5f2da62740a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 24, 12, 29, 46), 'WARC-IP-Address': '142.250.73.211', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BW5JU5EQFUX2CN6O2N6L3BEUXES7SJSV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4e31b52e-de04-49f3-9879-9867eef34edb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.romancatholiccop.com/2010/10/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:50fd3657-253f-4d71-a10d-0ab98a9cc781>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '688', 'url': 'http://www.romancatholiccop.com/2010/10/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-54\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.01955622434616089', 'original_id': '73ce034636bd8994a7150dceb0a47e550cb13af85b274107bdacf4ee1a586c70'} |
Tuesday, August 21, 2012
Hoodlums breaking bus Windows
On Friday, the last night of Ramadan I was on my way home around 8 pm when I stopped at the traffic light two cars behind a public transport bus. I notices a group of teenage boys gathered beside the bus and kicking and banging on the doors. They pulled the rubber off one of the windows and the glass came crashing down. As I pulled up with my camera they were in shock to see me filming their faces and took off running. Later on I saw two of the boys from the incident walking on the street close to my building. I went to the Abu Halaifa police station to report the incident.
When I arrived there were four policemen sitting on their butts drinking tea and chit chatting which was not surprising at all. I showed one of the guys my video and reported to them what I saw. They couldn't care less about the situation. The officer told me " yeah ok, I will send someone out there" BS he didn't send anyone even though I told them exactly where the boys were.
I decided to take a drive around the area and spotted them in front of their apartment building. They got the shocked when they saw me pull up again with my camera recording them. They took off running as I caught them on video. I pulled around to the front of their building and a greasy Arab mechanic guy came up to me asking what happened. I told him I saw them break the windows and his response was that everyone knows they are trouble makers and just go on. I told him it was people like him who enable these kids to continue to terrorize everyone.
No one cares, not the parents, police or witnesses and that's why the violence continues. Everyone chooses to look the other way until they become victims.
1. How sad!!!!!!!!! One person can make a difference
I hope u go back so they can make this kids pay for what they did.
2. Since your husband is a Kuwaiti police officer you should show him the video and ask him to check the area you think they might live. Or at least ask him to take an official report for you. I hope the catch these little trashy, ill-mannered, brats.
3. All the police station in kuwait are careless . It's will be better if you take the bus driver to the police station and in that case maybe the police will positively react with you.
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What If I Get Jealous?
It's my right to be hellish. I still get jealous.
-Nick Jonas, Jealous
Jealousy is common in all human relationships, and if you're transitioning into the poly world, you may wonder: how do I deal with jealousy? In this post, I'll explain that polyamory is not about avoiding jealousy, but processing it in a healthy way.
Monogamous relationships are all about status. First kiss, social media pictures, dinner with the parents--many significant events in a relationship center around when a couple is official. Online forums obsess about when you should have the DTR (Define the Relationship) talk. Modern society believes in an invisible line you cross when you go from single to partnered. Marriage, of course, is the ultimate expression of status. Once that line is crossed, partners are not even supposed to look at other potentials.
Jealous girl meme
Shutterstock's description is: "Disloyal man walking with his girlfriend and looking amazed at another seductive girl"
Society conditions us to feel jealous when our relationship is in potential danger. If we suspect that our partner may cheat or leave, jealousy kicks in and tells us to fight for the status quo. The bad news is that our fighting is not likely to change our partner's behavior. It will only cause drama and distrust, and it may drive the relationship to its end.
So how do you overcome jealousy when you choose the polyamorous lovestyle? First, recognize that you will feel jealous. When a female partner starts getting more dates than her male partner, he is likely to feel jealous. Insecurity may also be a factor. Many people worry that they're not good enough for their current partner. Once that partner starts dating, their imagination runs wild as they imagine the partner having more fun and better sex.
When you run into jealous feelings, the key is to let yourself experience them. Don't try to ignore or explain them away. Sit alone on your couch and feel them. Rant with a friend (not someone you or your partner is dating). Cry into a pillow. Process your emotions. Once you do this, you'll realize the jealousy is covering other emotions. Perhaps you do feel insecure about your body or sexual performance. Perhaps you've always had low self-esteem and have tied most of your identity into your current relationship. Perhaps your needs for attention, sex, or touch are not being met. Analyze why you feel the way you do and come up with a solution.
Most of the time, your jealousy is not about your partner, but more about yourself. That means that any fixes you put in place should focus more on you and less on them. Consider therapy or couples counseling with a poly-positive therapist. Start looking for activities or meetups to keep you occupied and grow your self-esteem. Don't create restrictive rules about who or where your partner goes. Instead of demanding your partner text about their every move, ask that they check in before they head out with someone or give you extra cuddles when they get home. Its essential that your partner can say no to any of those requests. It's never their job to make you feel secure in the relationship.
If you find yourself still experiencing a lot of jealousy and are not getting your needs met, consider ending the relationship. Polyamory is a journey of self-knowledge, and even when long-term partners open up, they may realize they are better off without each other. Jealousy is not a relationship ending emotion, but it can be used to transform you into a healthier, happier poly person.
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why coerce the column instead of a constant?
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• why coerce the column instead of a constant?
So if I have a table
CREATE TABLE examples ( id INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, external_id CHAR(12) NOT NULL, data INT(11), INDEX (external_id)) Engine=InnoDB;
and I query it like so:
SELECT * FROM examples WHERE external_id = 1
I can't use the index, because MySQL thinks it must coerce the external_id column to an INT in order to evaluate the where clause. Is there any good reason why it just doesn't coerce the constant into a CHAR(12)?
Just curious.
• #2
It cannot simply use the index, because external_id = 'asdf1' would also match your where clause. Either convert external_id to an integer field, or use external_id = '1'.
• #3
gmouse is right. Strings are not compared the way you might think.
'1 ' == '1' == '1e0' == '1.0000' == '1 day I wrote a forum post'
• #4
Actually my comparison was wrong because it only looks at prefixes. And I believe MySQL could use an index, it should just make sure that the first character is a 1, and the second character is non-numeric.
• #5
If that's what you believe, then keep on believing )
• #6
I appreciate the answers, but I think you guys are misreading my question. I understand the behavior, I'm asking about the reasoning behind it or some insight into the implementation. This is purely a curiosity on my part, I understand that avoiding the situation I described is the right way to go.
My assumption is that when it sees the restriction external_id = 1, it understands that it must compare two different data types, a CHAR and an INT. These cannot be compared to directly, so I assume one of two things can happen: external_id is coerced into an integer and compared to 1, or 1 can be coerced to a string and compared to external_id.
To put it in SQL, why does this statement:
SELECT 1 = '1asdf';
roughly equal this statement:
SELECT 1 = CAST('1asf' AS SIGNED);
instead of this:
SELECT CAST(1 AS CHAR(12)) = '1asdf';
I'm sure this decision is completely arbitrary, but if it's not, I'd love to hear the rationale behind it.
• #7
xaprb wrote on Fri, 05 February 2010 03:11
If that's what you believe, then keep on believing )
Because I am right? )
• #8
gmouse, sorry I thought the OP was "believing" things ) I read it as "it should theoretically be possible so I insist that it is really possible".
vtatto, there is a page in the MySQL manual that explains this behavior and why it happens, but I can't remember where that is. See if you can find it by searching.
• #9
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The 10 Most Difficult Parts of Marriage
Marriage brings a lot of positive attributes into your life; never being alone, living with your best friend, having another person to help you with whatever struggles you may be having, and many, many more. But even though marriage has many positives, there are obviously some tough parts of marriage and I learned about those tough parts early on in my marriage. In fact, my first month of marriage was a real eye opener. I learned pretty quickly that there were parts of marriage that took some getting used to, but that’s just a part of marriage as well. Eventually I learned to adjust to those difficult parts, but I still get reminders of them every now and again.
Here’s my list of the top 10 most difficult parts of marriage:
• Money 1 of 10
The most difficult part of marriage is learning that both parties now own the money in the bank account. Figuring out when I could spend money without permission, or how much I could spend, was a difficult adjustment.
• Independence 2 of 10
Marriage is great because it means I have someone with me all the time, but on the other hand, I have someone with me ALL THE TIME. Getting used to having my wife around on a consistent basis was wonderful and difficult at the same time. Losing that sense of independence was a tough adjustment.
• Entertainment 3 of 10
My wife and I don't like a lot of the same things and it has been an adjustment to set some of my likes aside until I do have alone time. For instance, my wife can't handle a certain zombie TV show, but I love the show. I have to wait until my wife is gone before I can watch it and my wife has the same problem when she wants to watch her show about top models.
• Career Battles 4 of 10
Most of the fights in my marriage used to be centered around the career battle and it still rears its ugly head once in a while. Those fights focus on who has the most difficult day-to-day tasks, who works the hardest, and why that person should have a break from whatever extra task needs to be addressed in the marriage.
• Personal Belongings 5 of 10
A year doesn't go by where we don't have a fight about who has more crap stored out in our garage and why the other should have to dump that stuff in order to make room for more stuff.
• In-laws 6 of 10
Visiting the in-laws can be difficult and not because I have anything against my in-laws, because I don't. But they're not my parents and my parents aren't Casey's parents. The in-laws want to spend as much time with us as possible, but it has been a battle with each of us lobbying on why each set of in-laws should get equal time.
• Chores 7 of 10
The house has to get cleaned and the lawn needs to be mowed and nobody is going to do it for us. Figuring out who is going to do what and when around the home can sometimes turn into a battle.
• Styles of Parenting 8 of 10
Casey and I were each raised by parents with very different styles of parenting and we each adopted a form of those styles when we had kids. Figuring out which style is the best style for our own children has been challenging and it has taken some trial and error on both our parts.
• Intimacy 9 of 10
Intimacy is a difficult struggle throughout marriage. It has the potential to lead to all kinds of problems that can torpedo a relationship. Intimacy is like a language, only neither spouse speaks the same version of that language. Trying to translate that language into something workable can be tough on both spouses.
• Lifestyle 10 of 10
Casey and I each have different lifestyles. I like to be physically active and eat lots of meat and potatoes. Casey doesn't like physical activity all that much and she prefers to eat fruits and vegetables. Combining the two lifestyles into one that we can both live has led to a few fights.
More on Babble Dad:
The Reverse Osmosis Water Filter and the Handyman Father
Leaning Into Fatherhood: An Open Letter to My Dad
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1st floor; 2 bedrooms, complete bath. 2nd floor; 6-rm. corner brick, oil heat, full basement, large lot, garage; 10 min. Pentagon, Navy Annex; $176 mo.; west on 8th from Glebe. —9 NEAR GEORGETOWN—Row house; 4 bedrooms, 2 baths, garage, near bus. adults preferred, $176. WO. 8930. WHEATON, MD.—Modern brick ramblers; 2 bedrooms, auto, dryer, washer, fenced in yard. Available for 3 mo, Nov. 16-Feb. 15, $130 mo. plus utils. LO. 6-1228. —9 ARL., NR. PENTAG. —Comfortable home, 7 rooms, full basement, garage, 4-rm. apt, downstairs; upstairs suit, for renting. Plano, comp, turn, 2 references, linens, etc. Home furn. for sale; $110 mo. JA. 6-7119. —9 THREE BEDRMS, 2 BATHS. In Washington Golf and Country club area. Arlington: 3 months from Dec. 5, price $200 per mo, refs. Box 323-S. 6-ROOM, semi-detached house — 2 baths, equipped kit, completely furnished except linens; 2 screened-in porches, detached garage. Bendix washer; h.-w.h.; oil furnace; fair size yard; fine transp. facilities; conv. to schools; basement and attic. Open Sat. and Sun- 4306 37th St. NW, Washington, D.C. —9 6 ROOMS—3 bedrooms: 1 block from Washington Sanitarium. Takoma Park, Md. Call LA. 0-4420. —9 9504 COLUMBIA BLVD—Silver Sprint—Specializing 3-bedroom, 2-bath home, gas, hot-water heat. Nr. schools, stores, bus. ROY M. COPFMAN, realtor, BH. 4123, BH. 3928. 402 22nd ST. NE—Four bedrooms, or three bedrooms, and den.; detached house; lease, yard; completely renovated. Close to schools, transp. shopping. Conv. to Maryland Univ. and Catholic Univ. Open to lease. WOODWARD & NORRIS, 728 20th St. NW, phone RE. 6685. —8 NEAR BETH. NAVAL HOSPITAL—Brick house, two bedrooms, living room. With dinette, 2 baths; full basement, recr. rm. with fireplace attached garage; gas h.w.h. $140 mo. plus utils. Available now until April. Olympic 9574 9* MALL FURNISHED COTTAGE, near Coral Hills shopping; utils, not included; 2 responsible adults; $80; no pets. JO. 8-6300. j a —10 LEASE 1 YEAR—Northwest section; 3-bedroom, detached house. Phone WO. 2543. —9 ARLINGTON—Spacious 3-bedroom, 1 bath. English-type row brick; oil heat. Walking distance. Pentagon, Navy Annex. Avail, now; $540. GL. 6707., —9 SAVE MONEY —Tenant house with elec., bath, In exchange for light farm choice; ample time for man’s outside employment; opportunity for woman to do household work for owner at going wage. Vienna 8-J. —9 S BEDRMS, recr. rm, gas heat. 114 baths, auto, washer, dryer and ironer. Newly, completely and tastefully furnished for owner’s use, in excellent condition, plenty closet space. For 4 girls. Avail. Immed., for lease. 1 yr. or longer. $200. Owner transferred overseas. All day Sat. Sun, LA. 0-7943 or weekday eves. —9 TAKOMA PARK—Vacant; 6 ms, furnished; walking distance Walter Reed. 3 blocks New Hampshire ave, one mile Washington Sanitarium; rental, $90. Phone SH 4783. FOR LARGE FAMILY: nr. Penna. and 11th st. s.e.—6-rm. brick home, 4 or 5 bedrooms; good condition. EX. 6848 Leave name, phone. ARLINGTON, VA.—Country Club Estate; 7 rms, 1, 2 baths, rec. rm, toilet in basement, gas heat, Bendix, large fenced yard, garage; $215. WA 0992. COTTAGE—Partly furnished, nearby Md. Large, 2 rm, bed rm, mod. bath, kit. Garage. Oil heat. Acre ground. Ideal for settled couple who love country. Car nec. Refs. exch. WA. 0588. FIVE-ROOM BRICK FURNISHED—On beautiful wooded knoll nearby Va. Ten min. downtown or Pentaon: oil heat; $135 monthly. NA. 1830 or EX. 6300. Ext. 3046. MR. KEEBECKER, after Sunday, 5902 2nd PL N.W. off of Oglethorpe — Lovely det. 2-bedroom home completely furnished; wall-to-wall carpeting; knotty-pine recriminative condition throughout: large yard, with det. gar.: 2-3 adults; no children. Call Mr. Evans for appointment. HARRY PORETT & SONS, NA. 5300. —10 CLEVELAND PARK—4 bedrooms, 2 baths, $260 mo. Available from December 10 for 3 months. 3612 New York st. n.w. WO. 6862. 632 JEFFERSON ST. N.W. —Spacious det. corner location; 2 bedrooms, living room, dinette; in basement is kitchen, utility rm, rec. rm, den and bar. #135 mo. Det. gar. CONNER & RYON, INC, RE. 3210. —11 5-RM. SEMI-DET. BRK. dwelling, 5 rm. to Pentagon; furnished; gas heat; $115 per mo. EX. 0347. 531 ALBANY AVE.—Corner. Tak. Pk, Md.; 10 rms, 2 baths, garage; large lot. $176 mo. L. T. GRAVATTE. Realtor. 1518 K st. n.w. NA. 0758. 191 N ST. N.W, off Conn. ave.— Open Sun. 12 to 5; 8 rooms. Living room, dining room, kitchen, 8 bedrooms, bath, and shower; gas, hot water; $176. FORT & DUPONT AREA—Almost now home, newly constructed; all brick; 2 5288. FORT & ESS. HILLWARK (C.i.1,1) ARLINGTON, VA. Detached 6-rm. brick, bath, fireplace, nice fenced lot, garage, attic, poker room, auto, heat, gas range, rest; $165 mo.; will also consider renting unfurnished. $160 mo. GEORGE I. BORGER, INC, 643 Ind. ave. NA. 0360. CABIN JOHN PARK—B2II Caraway st, all on one floor; 6 rms, bath, and porch, large yard and garden; $90 mo.; avail. Dec. 1st. MRS. BURGESS. Realtor, WI. 4253. —ll MASS. AVE. N.W. nr. Spring Valley shop, center-new 8-rm, 3-bath home: 6 rms. on 1st fl, clubroom on garden level; completely furnished, new grand piano. 21-In. RCA TV. gas heat: avail Dec. 1 to Apr. 1; adults, no pets: $300 mo. P. O. Box 6697 D. C. 16. 5-BEDROOM HOME near school and shop, center; available Nov. 29 for 3 to 4 mos.: 8 min. from Pentagon by bus. OW. 6770. —1) 16th ST. N.W.—12 rms, 4 baths; fine furnished. Call REACH & PUR CELL. EX. 2412 or WI. 0736. HAMILTON ST. N.W, 1 blk. to express bus: nice 6-rm. (3 bedrms.) 1 row brick; excel, cond.; fine furn.; new deep freezer; nice yard: $160. PERRY HAY CO, SL. 3005. NR. MARARTHUR BLVD.—Fine mis sonry home; living rm, flrepl- din. rm, equip, kit.: 2 large bedrms. and bath upstairs: full basement; garage: conv. sec.: $150. PERRY HAY CO., RL. 3005. GEORGETOWN RES. light, clean. attrac.: living rm, flrepl, dining . rm, kit, 3 bedrms., bath; $200 NORTH ARL.—2-bedroom home, detached garage: near Pentagon and Navy Annex: $140. C. L. HANO WELL CO. FA. 6777. 6415 WOODROW AVE, Cabin John. Md.—Det. frame, on large lot: 3 bedrooms, 2 baths, din. rm, din. rm, Mt. and bath; gar.; $125 mo. To Inspect. call ME 5402. AVAIL. NOW—Brk. Cape Cod. 1st fl, 5 rooms and bath; 2nd fl, 2 nicely furnished, pine-panelled rooms, basement, rec. rm.; convenient location, near Queens Chapel rd.; $160 mo. MALORA CHRISTMAN. Real Estate. - 5009 Wis. ave, WO. 2923. —ll N. ARL.—2 bedrooms, nicely furnished, equip, kit, attach, gar., fenced yard, h.-wh.; near schools, stores, bus; 4 mos. or longer, $135 mo. CH. 6023. SMALL, COZY HOME, garage, lge. yard; nr. District Hts. Avail Immed, $90. SL. 2224. - WASHINGTON GROVE—6 rms, 2 baths, nicely furnished, auto, oil heat. Beautiful yard. Refs. $125. H. W. BECRAFT, Gaithersburg 655 or SILVER SPRING, 9903 Rogart rd.: furnished Cape Cod bungalow, 6 rms, full basement, side porch, fenced back, yard; $135 per mo. Call JU. 9-3576. ATTN. SOLDIERS, nr. Ft. Belvoir, Va.; brick bungalow, utils, furnished, 3 sep. apts.; $190 mo. TE. 4518. 1300 BLOCK E. CAPITOL ST.—6-rm. house, 3 bedrooms, conv. ta Armory, Naval Air Station. To share or family. Refs. please. LL 3-2597. Call after 1 p.m. WHEATON, MD. 3-bedroom home available immediately for 6 mos.: TV. auto washer, baby turn.; $140 per mo. LO. 4-6462; SL. 6561 after 6 p.m. N. ARL.—3-bedroom bungalow; fenced lot; oil heat; close to high school. Available now; $100 mo. J.E. 3-2205. THREE BEDROOMS, living rm, full din, rm, large kit, screened porch, rec. rm, outside entr. and bath; washing machine; large lot. $225 mo. Lease required. JU. 6-8611 or RE. 9523. 8028 GARFIELD ST., Bethesda, Va. -1 cant. New condition. Completely furnished. 6 rms, 3 bedrooms, bath. rec. rm, $4 bath. Nice yard, garage. Close to schools and bus. Lease. RA. 8700. ALEXANDRIA—Redecorated 4-year-old home: new furniture; 2 bedrooms, fenced yd, bright, barns; rent for long or short period; available Nov. 11. $145. OWNER. OW. 6771. —10 3-BEDROOM, 1-STORY HOUSE—Falls Church area; convenient. Pentagon. Arl. Hall; bus stop at door, school 2 blocks away. Call JO. 2-0990. —9 CONV. N.W. SECTION, 2422 Ob servatory Dl. n.w.—3 bedrms., 2 in. rear porches, front porch. built-in garage; convenient bus. street car transp. Rent $15 per mo. Phone NA. 9797. CAPITAL VIEW 1 REALTY CO, Realtors, 925 New York ave. n.w. —9 COMPLETELY FURNISHED 2-bedroom detached brick house, gas heat, lava tory in basement; large fenced yard; good n.w. location; near transp. and stores: $1050 mo.; avail. Nov. 15. Box 123-R. Star. —9 SUBLET NOV. 16-JAN. 2—4 bedrms., 2½ baths; completely furnished. RA. 3270. —9 VENNA—Spacious brick home In splendid residential area: 15 rooms. 6½ baths, 2-car gar.; magnificent and beautiful estate: close to Washington. Shown by appointment. JOSEPH W SEAY CO, Exclusive Agent, FA. 2020. —10 COUNTRY ESTATE—Nrby. Southern Md. (Melwood); conv. ta local and suburban Washington: nr. Andrews Field; large house and outbuildings. For description and further information, call M. PAUL HANNAN, 732 17th St. NW, ME. 4100. —12 FIVE-RM. HOUSE, large yard; $125; available. Nov. 16 for approximate 6 months. SL. 2482. —9 COR. OFF 16th ST. NW—B rms, liv. rm. with fireplace, din. rm, den, powder rm, kit-full bath; 2nd fl, 4 bedrooms, b, shower. Resp. people. Avail. Dec. 1 (6 mos.). TU. 4374. CHEVY CHASE CIRCLE AREA—$210 to $500; unfurnished, $250 up. Ramblers. MRS. CLYDE C. DUNNINGTON, OR. 8383. WI. 5036. —10 LUE. BUNGALOW, nr. Ga. and Alaska—4 bedrooms, 2 baths, rec. rm gar.; $150; available. Immediate possession. GE. 3440. —9 3437 CLAY ST. N.E.—5 rms, kit. and bath: full back and front yards: as heat. $150. Inquire at 1207-1909. —10 $35-876 PER MO. for winterized cottages 27 miles from D.C. near Annapolis, Md. Good roads. Immediate possession. Call between 12 noon and 5 p.m. Sat. or Sun. Annapolis 7005. Eves, GE. 0518. CHEVY CHASE, D.C., 0046 32nd st. —White brick Colonial. Center hall, living rm, dining rm, kit, porch. 3 bedrooms, very large den. 2½ baths; garage; oil heat. Now available. $225. To see this and other houses at Chevy Chase and Bethesda, call EDW. H. JONES & CO., INC. 6620 Connecticut Ave. WI. 2300. 1432 MONROE ST. N.E. Neatly and comfortably furnished 6 rms, bath, auto. Heat. Ready for occupancy. Mr. Martufl. LA. 0-7845. MARSHALL J. WAPLE CO. 1224 14th St. N.W. DI. 3346 907 E ST. S.E. Newly decor, furn. house, containing 7 rms, 2 kitchens, etc. Suit, for your use and renting of part of house for income. Reas, rental. JESS FISHER & CO. CO, INC., 1420 K st. n.w, EX. 1111. GEORGETOWN Brick house in excellent condition, with patio and garden. Living room, dining room, library, mod. kit, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths and lavatory. Available. Call Mrs. Matthew Finn. DU. 1234. BANDOZ, INC, 2 Dupont Circle. VERY BEST N.W. residential section, just off Massachusetts avenue. Fine detached brick residence, 6 bedrooms, 3 baths, porch, oil-hot-water heat; fenced yard; 2-year lease, $325 per month. Call Mrs. Krafft. DE. 0071 or RANDALL H. HAGNER & CO, DE. 3600. FOUR BEDROOMS, 2 baths, lovely maid’s room and bath; well furnished; deep freeze and 2-car garage; available now; 2 acres land; $250 month. Romye Lamborn Realtor Exclusive Agent OT. 8586 OT. 8035 CHEVY CHASE GORGEOUS for entertaining. Two-level rambler; Oriental rugs; 10 rms, 3 baths; gar.; din. rm. seats 18; library; servants’ rm.; dishwasher, disposal. Bendix. $600 month. MRS. CLYDE C. DUNNINOTON. OR. 8383. WI. 2636. WALKER & DUNLOP 4101 Glenrose St, Chevy Chase View, Kensington—Most attractively furnished Cape Cod with 2 bedrooms, and study. Living rm. with fireplace, dining rm. and kitchen on 1st floor. Full basement and garage. Available Nov. 20 at $175. 2306 38th St. NW—3-bedroom and bath row brick with 2 screened porches, recr. rm. Comfortably furnished. $150 mo. 11200 15th St. NW. DI. 0222.1 MT. PLEASANT AREA Six-room row brick house in desirable n.w. section; 3 bedrooms; glassed-in porch. Close to schools and transportation. $135 per month. THOS J. FISHER & CO, INC. 738 15th St. NW. W. DI. 0830 —10 ARLINGTON—2-bedroom brick, corner house; newly decorated; conv. shops, bus, etc. Vacant. BEULAH GOSS—CH. 5682 COLORED—2422 F ST. N.W.—2-bedroom brick, $70 per mo. MR. 1 BROWN. TA. 6916. HOUSES UNFURNISHED, FALLS CHURCH—Small white house. 3 bedrooms, equipped with kit, auto, wash, etc. $125. JE. 3-7959. —10 WHEATON—Two-bedroom; gas heat; $100 per mo, lease. ST. 3520; eves, GE. 4707. —9 1101 S. MONROE ST, Arl, Va. 8- 1 room house, suitable for dwelling or office, next to new post office. GL. STUDIO HOUSE, 1 bedroom; freshly painted; $95; adults; excellent transp. $95 plus utUs. $3-5671. —10 ALEX.—Modern 2-bedroom, brick, pine recr rm.; 2 miles from Pentago and Arl Annex. $110. OV. 6498. —11 FOUR BRAND-NEW detached 2-bedroom, ramblers to Kensington Heights, Md.; convenient to shopping, churches and transp. Adults only. Rent $135 mo., O. 2006 after 6. —11 BETHESDA AREA—Lovely, new, 4 HOUSES UNFURNISHED (Cent.) 5013 7th PL. N.W, nr. Gallatin—Eight-room brick, 2 baths, powder rm, bath, oil heat. Bendix; convenient loc. $125 mo. EX. 3400; eves, JU. S' " BEDROOMS, BASEMENT—Few house in settled residential community to Wheaton Heights. $115 per mo. with lease. Call Mr. LANS. DALE, LO. 4-7424. CRITTENDEN and 6th St. N.W, row brick, glassed-in porches, oil heat; available now. $125. WO. 4675. BETHESDA attractive det. Colonial brick home in excellent condition; 7 rms, 2 baths and lavatory including first-floor bedroom or library and bath; maid's rm.; screened porch; landscaped. Apted garden; air conditioned; oil heat. Lease from about Nov. 15. Call OL. 6369. —9 TAKOMA PARK AREA—Det. 3-bed brick, brick, gas heat: $135 per mo. Lease. L. H. CARMICHAEL REALTY CO, BH. 0601; eves, LA. 6-8800. 8 SIX BMS. and bath; air-cond. heats electric range and refrig.: new-house cond. Phone Rockville 2870. —9 SILVER SPRING AREA—1060 Hayes ave. Two-year-old brick Cape Cod: Anchor-fenced yard; near Chestnut Ridge School: 1st fl, liv. rm, din. rm, kit.; 2 bedrms, bath: stairway to floored but unfin. attic; full basement; exclusive. ELIJAH G. ARNOLD 4335: OV 5 4145. r * U ’ Brok « r ;_£M’ Jill.-904 Van Buren st, Rambler. 3 bedrms, full basement, gas heat. kit. equip, with fan. *ar baze_diiDOsai. Dishwasher, 11-cu.-ft. Refgr, 1 blk. from shopping center and bus: $125. RA. 3741. 9 HOUSE FOR RENT, very neat; $135 month. HU. 6936.» " pi NARL, 3-bedroom brick, f&M., near high school; $140 mo. 1818 N. Taylor st. Vacant. Open Sun S GEORGETOWN—Lee, 11th ra j bed rms, sleeping porch, full basement, garage, $166; avail. Dec. 1. Box 11-R, Star. 7J7, KENNEBEC AVE, Takoma Park. Md, cottage. 5 rms, garage, frame construction, all heat, Uv. rm, 23 4* l, 1 4. 114 baths, lee. screened porch. iT ee?’ ® lk - from business, ®. e * r schools and churches. Inspection by appt. Call OR. 2164. Rental. THREE BEDROOMS, detached. 6 rms, kitchen; washing ma £.9l';* N *w Riggs Park section; month. Phone RA. 8368. COTTAGE. 4 rms, bath, porch, a.m.!.. 0!1 Ueat; couple who like country; r'wVruA 5 £?^ 80 5. 488 -K. Star. GLEN ECHO house, 4 11/^,&*th!: oil heat; electricity kitchen. $60 month. Tenant’! wife must do some chauffeur, caring and a Efficient work in owner’s home is credited on rent. WI. 0439. Bedrooms: 2-story brick; good neighborhood; $150 mo. Prefer 2-year lease. H. BROOK & CO., REALTORS. BL. NEWLY DEC. 4-bedroom, 2-bath, brick, Pe Cod, Falls Church area. Living porch 21x13 w/flrepl.; well equipped, kitchen; front fenced yard; trees: Irfa. CH d 'BB90 S': Sl6 ° m °’ MRS ’ RICKS s! L yFR SPRING, 10707 Amherst ave. 1 blk off Oa. ave.: 3 bedrny, bath, sep. din, rm, ltv. rm. with fireplace; gar.; screened porch; level lot. Open Sun. 1 p.m. DI. 1015. S- ARLINGTON—S-rm. semjdet. brick. EXCEPTIONAL heat, heat, and heat. ALEXANDRIA—2 brand-new brick houses available immediately. Semi-detached, 11th and 113 East Adams Ave. near O. W. High School; 2 large bedrooms; screened back porches; full basement; best neighborhood; convenient to shopping and transp. Owner on premises Sun. 1 to R or by appointment. $125 per mo. plus utilities. Call AL. 3907 or TE. 1345. REAL ESTATE agents. Please take notice—Beautiful pre-Revolutionary Colonial home, for rent by naval officer leaving Wash, on Potomac below Mt. Vernon with riparian rights, pvt. pier and duck blind; over 2 acres land; house, complete, modernized, 4 full baths, complete insulation. 6 fireplaces. Radiant heat, excel, water; electric hardware and ceiling-height paneling; 2-car garage; Immediate occupancy. Englewood 93-J. NEW HOME, 3 bedrooms, 1 bath, new refrigerator and range; near Langley Park. 4 blk. off University lane; available now: $116 mo. JU. 8-1958. 6821 BOCK RD. S.E.—3-room and bath. Call Sunday or after 7 p.m. weekdays. LO. 3-8225. AVAIL. IMMED—Very nice 2-bedroom, unfurnished rambler, 1 block to bus; Falls Church area; $110 mo. F. E. MALCOLM, Realtor. OW. 3024. SILVER SPRING Two-story brick home of 5 rooms and bath, full basement, screened porch; near shop and bus; $135 mo. on lease. RIPLEY & ROMER. Realtors. BH. 7539. SILVER SPRING—New rambler with a 5 acre, 3 bedrooms, 2 baths, large living room, full dining room, equipped kitchen, basement, playroom and laundry, carpenter; $175 mo. RIPLEY & ROMER. Realtors. SL. 6JII. GLEN ECHO, 116 Wellesley ave.—5 rooms and bath. 2 floors, oil heat; $85 mo.; near car line. MRS. BURGESS. Realtor, WI. 4253. —ll MT. VERNON BLVD.—On 1 acre of ground, on river side at Wellington; white cottage and garage; living room, bedroom, kit, bath, fireplace, h.-w.h. Adults only; $77.50. AL. 1840. KENSINGTON, MD.—New, beautiful, custom-built rambler; 5 rms.; just completed by owner; must be seen to be appreciated. $110 mo. Call Sun, NO. 0449. between 2 and 3 p.m. NORTH ARLINGTON—New 8-bedroom brick, brick rambler, off Military Rd, ideal location: $155 mo. OW. 8529. NEAR NEW HAMPSHIRE and Eastern aves.—Det. brick, 2 bedrms, living room, dining room, all-electric, kitchen, bath, patio with fireplace in rear: $100. RA. 0081. COLLEGE PARK—Hollywood: $105 mo.; 3-bedroom brick rambler; full basement, auto, heat. Vacant. H. CARLYLE DeLOZIER. Realtor. WA. 5000. —9 FOR RENT—Near schools and transp. 4-bedroom, 1½-bath house; full basement, fireplace, elec, kit.: $160 mo. Lease. 805 Buckingham Rd. Silver Spring, Md. SH. 5229. —10 POTOMAC, MD. — 3 bedrooms, 2 baths, oil heat, Bendix, near school. From Washington; $125. WL 0735. 333 RILEY ST, off Great Falls T., 8 blocks from center Falls Church—2-bedroom, Cape Cod; fireplace and wood; large yard; automatic washer; stairway to unfinished attic; house 2 years old; newly decorated; $126 month. Open 2:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. Sunday. UNFURNISHED—2 stories, 2 bedrooms, full basement; in Silver Spring. OL. 0471. —9 CHEVY CHASE, MD.—3-bedroom, det. home; available after Nov. 10; $115 month. WI 0943. —9 S. ARLINGTON, off Columbia pike—2-bedroom, semi-detached home with fully equipped kit; fenced back yard; nice neighborhood; $95 mo. WI. 3870. NAVAL HOSPITAL AREA—3-bedroom, house in Rock Creek; auto, gas heat and wash machine; $116. WI., 6429. MD, Colesville Rd. —6 rooms and bath; oil heat; heat; garage for one car; $116 mo.; Sat. and Sun, call WO. 2562. LINKINS CO, 1818 N St. n.w. DI. 8088. —9 THREE-BEDROOM BUNGALOW in Falls Church area; exp. attic, fine lot. $125 per mo. Phone MANNAS REALTY CO, 8110 Wilson Blvd, JA. 7-2783. :16 THREE-BEDROOM, brick, remodeled; less than 1 yr. old; located in E. Riverdale, near shopping and transp.; $116 mo. HARRY A. BOSWELL CO, INC, AP. 1111; €*«, UN. 8406. —9 TWO-BEDROOM HOUSE—Fenced yards, conv. to shopping center and schools; $100 per mo. 3602 B. 26th St., Arl. SILVER SPRING—Immediate possession of this beautiful brick Colonial; immaculate condition; 3 large bedrooms, 14 baths, living rm. wy> flrepl--; screened side porch; lav., need lot; close to schools; $135 mo. HOLMEAD, Realtor. SH. 6200. —9 NORTH ARLINGTON Brick Colonial: 3 bedrooms, 14 baths; full basement, pine-paneled rec. rm.; close to schools, bus and shops; $160; immediate occupancy. JE. 3-2005. —• ATTRACTIVE yr. old 3-bedroom, ramble near University of Md. Auto, washer, dryer, dishwasher, garbage disposal. Near schools, shopping c Entries. Ideal for children. $126. Phone AP. 1933. —9 NORTH ARL.—Three-bedroom brick rambler; living room, bedroom, comb.; storage attic; no basement; gas hot-air heat; walking distance to new elec. school; conv. to transp. and shopping. $125 per mo. J. 2-47^17. VICINITY OF FAIRFAX VILLAGE S.E.—Modern 3-bedroom, semi-detached brick, newly redecorated. Gas heat. Conv. to shopping, transp. and school. $115 mo. AP. 2568 or TU. 2732. —9 BETHESDA, near Naval Hospital—Set. 8-room house, bedroom, on lat fl.; large front porch, gas heat; $125 mo. Call OL. 0065 between 9 and 5 wk. days; WI. 7839 after 7 Sun. nights. —10 6 RMS. AND BATH: gas heat; $90. Call HOHENSTEIN BROS, FR. 3000. MODERN BRICK. SEMI-DETACHED, near Langley Park shopping center; 3 bedrooms, 2 baths, modern equipment, kit full basement; new condition; $130. PERRY HAY CO., SL, 0242. 3006 WHEATON RD, Kensington; 2-bedroom, rambler with toe, living living room, fenced yard; $95 per mo. Key at 3004. To reach: Take Ga. ave. to Viers' Mill rd. and turn left at 1st traffic light to house. WALKER & DUNLOP, 1200 16th St. n.w. DI 0222. —10 BETHESDA—Long Oak, 9922, Dickerson ave.; new detached, 6-room house; gas heat; large yard; full basement; $135. WO. 1938. BETHESDA—Rockville area; 3-bedroom, rambler, $115; Cape Cod, $130; luxury rambler, $225. Many others. WI. 6649. ALLIED REALTY CORP. ATTRACTIVE BUNGALOW, on Julep St. Silver Spring, Lge. living room, 2 large bedrooms, all-electric, kitchen, all-electric, gas heat; excellent condition; $100. PERRY HAY CO.) SL. 0242. MO. 14th ST. N.E.—4 rms. and bath, a.m.1.; good condition; vacant; h-w.h.; $44.80 mo. TA. 9698 1209 EYE ST. S.E.—2-bedroom, h. AVAIL, for Immediate occupancy, occupied by $43.09 mo. To inspect call ME. 5402. 1508 GRUBB RD, Ch. Ch, Md Beautiful, modern, 3-bedroom home, hot water heat, conv. to stores, schools, etc.; Imm. occup, 1-yr. lease; $150 mo. To inspect call LEO M. BERNHARD & CO, Realtors. 1415 K st. n.w. ME. 6402. 13 OGLETHORPE ST. N.E.—Bet. brick, gas heat, 6 rms, reception rm.; imm. occup, 1-yr. lease; n.w—3-story residence, modern kit, 2 modern baths; excel, for off. and UV. qtrs, for dr., etc.; Imm. occup. 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Marco Muzzo pleaded guilty last week to four counts of impaired driving causing death and two charges of dangerous operation of a motor vehicle, opting not to drag out a process where emotions are already running high. He was sentenced on March 29 to 10 years, for an incident that claimed the Neville-Lake family’s three children along with their grandfather, making his penalty one of the stiffest handed out for drunk driving in Canada. Court also heard Muzzo had 10 prior convictions for speeding.
Yet, as critics of the sentence have pointed out, Muzzo will be eligible for parole in three years.
The tragedy has been galvanizing, in part because Muzzo is the grand son of the late construction magnate and developer of the same name.
When I first heard about the collision, my immediate reaction was a cynical, “Of course.” When it comes to dangerous driving, York Region has a serious problem.
Police in the suburban enclave north of Toronto handed out 247 dangerous driving tickets in 2014, compared to the 161 handed out by police in Toronto. That’s 22.03 offenses for every 100,000 people, the most in the GTA. Twelve of those incidents resulted in death, once again the highest figure in the GTA per capita. Of the more than 8,300 collisions reported in York Region in 2014, more than 38 per cent were related to aggressive driving.
On October 24, just under a month after the Muzzo incident, a vehicle rollover at Teston Road and Pine Valley Drive in Vaughan, claimed the lives of two teenage passengers, Tatiana Sousa, 15, and Joshua Ferreira, 16. The driver, a 17-year-old, has been charged with five counts of dangerous driving.
According to a traffic safety report, many collisions in York Region occur at the highly-populated intersections of Weston Road and Highway 7 as well as Weston Road and Rutherford, near Wonderland.
There, across the street from the amusement park, sits a favourite hangout for locals, a plaza parking lot housing a Tim Hortons and Wendy’s. On any given Sunday during the summer young men, women and teens can be seen in the corners of the lot, some sitting in lawn chairs, while others take turns stunting and making their tires squeal in their coupes or SUVs.
York Region Police Constable Laura Nicolle acknowledges that York Region’s driving issues have been causing anxiety in the community. “It’s something that we’ve put a heavy priority on enforcing,” Nicolle says.
A York Region employee I spoke with who works in community and health services, says driving behaviour in Vaughan had become a prevalent subject of discussion even before the Neville-Lake tragedy. There are particular concerns, this source says, over the use of drugs among well-to-do teens and young adults who have easy access to vehicles.
Zabi Akbari, the Vaughan resident who arrived on the scene shortly after the crash that claimed the Neville-Lake children, says he recognizes a culture of dangerous driving in Vaughan that includes speeding, street racing and stunt driving.
“When the teenagers get together with their souped up cars, you know exactly what’s going to happen,” says Akbari.
In 2014, VICE Magazine called Vaughan “one of the street racing capitals of Canada.”
A couple Vaughan street racers I met with, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, describe the long stretches of farm roads in Vaughan as ideal for late night meets, though they are careful to clarify that they also venture to Brampton and other areas for races.
One of the tatted-up street racers, we’ll call him Alvin, mentions that these meets often begin at a parking lot near the Canadian Tire at Weston and Highway 7, where everyone hangs out and looks out for that one car that circles the lot to then follow to the secret location where races will be held.
When I ask Alvin about who attend these races, he responds: “You mean the rich kids who drive their parents beemers? Yeah.”
Stefania Lamacchia, a lifelong Vaughan resident and local blogger, warns against using too broad a brush to try and understand the recent tragedies.
“It really isn’t that hard to see a younger demographic of people riding around in expensive cars or souped up Civics,” says Lamacchia, “but I don’t think a particular car or lifestyle dictates how an individual operates a vehicle.”
While she has witnessed her fair share of aggressive behaviour on the road, Lamacchia says she is far more comfortable driving in the suburbs over Toronto, where cyclists, pedestrians and other motorists crowding the road can induce a different kind of anxiety.
“To drive in a congested city like Toronto you need to be an aggressive driver by nature,” offers Lamacchia, who wonders how city drivers would behave in Vaughan’s wide-open stretches.
news@nowtoronto.com | @nowtoronto | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'f8c5e65d6eefe164d5d74c1d1c6961361c521ba58aba61d4d4d703df99d85e1a'} |
World economy & politics
6 ways successful people make a great first impression
Think you have ten minutes to make a first impression?
Think again.
The first seven seconds in which you meet somebody, according to science, is when you’ll make a “first impression.”
So, whether it’s for an event, a business development meeting, or any other professional setting, you have to act very quickly in order to make the proper first impression.
In order to have a great meeting and be remembered in the right way — while cementing your reputation — here are some important tips:
1. Smile
Facial expressions are very important when it comes to making a good first impression. Who doesn’t want their personal brand to be associated with positivity?
Smiling’s at the start of this list for a good reason. Forty-eight percent of all Americans feel that a smile is the most memorable feature after first meeting someone.
While smiling is important, you probably don’t want to have a cheesy and inauthentic grin plastered across your face. Smile too widely and it’s going to look like you’re covering up nervousness. Or you might come across as arrogant. Even a small grin can go a long way.
Not only does smiling make others feel more comfortable around you, but it also decreases stress hormones that can negatively impact your health. This isn’t according to just one or two studies; smiling is highly correlated with longevity.
Since the need to make a positive first impression can increase your stress level, smiling is a way to take the edge off.
2. The right handshake
The handshake is accepted internationally as a professional sign of politeness. A proper handshake can convey confidence.
You might be rolling your eyes at this, but the handshake is a fine art. You want to walk the line between a squeeze that comes across as incredibly tight and the dreaded limp fish.
When you’re meeting with people whom you trust and have known for years, ask them how they feel after shaking hands, and how your handshake feels in relation to others they’ve experienced.
3. Introductions
You want your first seven seconds with somebody to be productive, so it’s great to throw in a verbal introduction as you meet with people.
Even something as basic as “great to meet you” after they greet you can break the tension, and stop you from getting off into a tangent. If you have a hard time remembering names, the intro is a great place to reinforce the name of the person you just met.
It doesn’t have to be too involved: when your contact says, “Hi, I’m Amelia,” reply with a simple, “Great to meet you, Amelia. I’m Jonah,” instead of just saying, “Hi, I’m Jonah,” in response.
4. Speak clearly
Many people have wonderful things to say but don’t speak with any confidence.
Unfortunately, that’s a great way to wind up getting overlooked. You want to be able to portray yourself in a positive light and give whomever you’re meeting a reason to listen to you.
Don’t overcorrect and get too loud, either: Studies have indicated that those who talk in a deeper voice, and more calmly, are taken more seriously.
5. Make eye contact
Looking someone in the eye conveys that you are confident and interested in what they have to say.
In Western countries like the U.S., eye contact shows respect to the person you’re meeting with. It also conveys a sense of interest in the conversation; likewise, looking away too much will make you appear distracted.
Like with most things, it’s a good idea to not overdo it; if you don’t take breaks now and again, your eye contact could be viewed as staring, which has negative connotations.
6. Use body language
One interesting thing about human psychology: most of us instinctively mirror each other’s body language.
Think about how infectious a yawn is in a group of people. A smile between friends is contagious, too. In fact, there’s a neuron that affects the part of the brain responsible for recognizing faces and reading facial expressions. This neuron causes the “mirroring” reaction.
So when another person sees you smiling, the neuron fires and causes them to smile in response. Mirroring goes both ways; if you pick up on and reflect back the non-verbal cues of the person you’re speaking with, it sends a non-verbal message that you feel what they feel.
Research shows that people who experience the same emotions are likely to experience mutual trust, connection and understanding.
Mirroring body language is a non-verbal way of saying “we have something in common.” When people say that someone gives off good energy, they’re not just indulging in some New Age beliefs; they’re describing mirroring and other synchronous behaviors they’re not consciously aware of. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9390577673912048}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '154631', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:P3HDC53ZKXJBTFIS6NRZR225UCRCE5LP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7de0ab97-e939-4af0-8d3b-bc0503d30efc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 23, 3, 55, 13), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.68.16.44', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3XS2TWZDVUZ7GMXDRW55UVVEHLT65LME', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:82af4aea-ee39-4843-b61c-3c5c46ba0872>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://ladyf-trader.com/2016/10/08/6-ways-successful-people-make-a-great-first-impression/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:deb44d6b-5166-41e9-acb2-edbc78490ec6>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '789', 'url': 'https://ladyf-trader.com/2016/10/08/6-ways-successful-people-make-a-great-first-impression/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-158-174-231.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.026913881301879883', 'original_id': 'd3d67fa5b82fb43fce1ae7dd110ea8b07b44b1b5536288992a1c0673811741f3'} |
UK forces in Afghanistan begin vast equipment salvage operation
Media playback is unsupported on your device
Media captionCaroline Wyatt looks at the preparations being made by British troops to return to the UK
It is a car-wash with a difference. In 46.9C heat, British troops at the vehicle wash-down at Camp Bastion use pressure hoses to wash away the dust of Afghanistan from the many heavily-armoured vehicles brought in one by one over the years.
And not just the dust - but the grime caked on after years of heavy use through Helmand's mud and sand.
Each potential bug that might hitch a lift out of Helmand must be removed from every armoured vehicle before they can come home, under strict UK environmental rules.
Lt Col Suzi Donoghue is commanding officer of the Theatre Logistics Group, made up of 550 service personnel.
"All the muck has to come off to make sure the vehicles are up to the right standard, and free from explosives," she explains.
"And sometimes the muck is almost like cement and it is chiselled on, so for my guys to remove all this takes a lot of time and a lot of effort."
Reasonable prices
All vehicles must pass a rigorous cleanliness inspection, followed by an engineering inspection, before they can go on to the last stage: a bio-wash, in which a sheen of liquid is applied to seal the process before the armoured vehicles - from Mastiffs to Ridgbacks to Huskies - are flown back.
What is happening at Bastion, and across British bases in Helmand since October last year, is one of the biggest challenges for any armed force: getting out in good order towards the end of a campaign.
This is deemed to be the biggest logistical exercise for UK forces since the Second World War.
Already, 625 vehicles have been returned to the UK, and by the end of combat operations after 2014, almost 3,000 vehicles will have been sent back.
And it is not just vehicles that are coming home.
Everything worth salvaging is being collected, including some 400 tonnes of brass ammunition casings, which can be sold on at reasonable prices in the UK, as well as 100 pallets of ammunition boxes - valued at a quarter of a million pounds.
A committee in the UK decides what is worth saving, and what should be left behind or gifted to Afghan forces.
In Helmand, Air Commodore John Bessell is in charge of the move, as the Commander of Joint Force Support at Camp Bastion.
He must ensure that packing up does not interfere with the ability of the 8,000 or so British forces in Afghanistan to fight or sustain themselves.
The military still needs bullets, food for the dining halls, and water and ration packs for those in the bases that remain here, down to 13 from the original 137.
Image caption The Afghan pullout is said to be the biggest logistical operation for British forces since the Second World War
"It's the logistical challenge of a generation, both in scale and complexity, and because of where we are - in a landlocked country," he says, as we walk around a Merlin helicopter that is packed and ready to be loaded onto a C17 to be flown back to the UK after four years in service here.
"With each item, we look to see: is there a need for it here? If not, is there any sense bringing it back to the UK? What will it cost us to bring it back to the UK? If we keep it here, what can we do with it? What can we sell, what can we scrap? We balance all those factors together, in conjunction with our colleagues in the UK."
Britain, like other Nato forces in Afghanistan, has the option of using several routes out.
The vehicles, and any "warlike stores", are being flown out to the Gulf, on a two-and-a-half-hour flight, and then taken on to a port and out by sea.
It is a route used for its security and reliability.
£300m bill
Other supplies and less valuable goods are driven out of Afghanistan to Karachi port in Pakistan, then onto Marchwood military port in the UK.
Another route now tried and tested is overland to Uzbekistan and then on to Riga in Latvia, from where cargo can also sail home.
The journey for Britain's Merlin helicopters is a simpler one: a direct C17 flight to RAF Brize Norton in Oxfordshire, which takes about 10 hours.
Media playback is unsupported on your device
Media captionWatch time-lapse footage of a Merlin helicopter being loaded into an RAF C17
"We have a variety of routes we use to get the best value for money. There are frictions, but we pick the best and send things home as fast as we can," is as close as the Air Commodore gets to mentioning the on-off altercations with both Afghanistan and Pakistan's customs officers, which have held up Nato goods entering and now exiting the country on several occasions over the past years.
However, materiel that is sensitive or must not fall into the Taliban's hands is always flown out.
In total, the redeployment is expected to cost around £300m, after well over a decade of British involvement in Afghanistan.
The UK has also employed a commercial logistics firm, Agility, with the contract here run by a former head of the Royal Logistic Corps, Chris Murray, helping ensure the best prices are obtained for any military kit sold on abroad.
"The key lesson as we were closing Bosnia is that you should think about redeployment on the day that you deploy.
"If you're bringing equipment in, you start to plan for its recovery," he says.
"The geography here meant it was terribly difficult to bring everything in and a lot of it came by air or over a fairly tortuous and dangerous line of communication and an awful lot of it is going back in exactly the same way.
"Because it's also such a long way from home and landlocked it is very, very expensive to move things. So the lesson is: don't take rubbish home.
"It's so expensive - and especially from Afghanistan - so if it's going to go into a skip, put it into a skip right here." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '54', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.969434142112732}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '161769', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TNTR56GZARCY6YPKO666BK7XM54M722O', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4f7aa547-0aa4-4b70-9a31-7cca65d2b19f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 8, 20, 20, 26, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.32.81', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DKNMKS3MLAZQVGPC37CXGLOHRNKM2CHC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:46d74960-9440-467c-89ec-ee27ee2f267e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-23296677', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:06fa2fba-4f84-4390-9593-1f19bf0cd024>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1038', 'url': 'http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-23296677', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-166-25-153.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-34\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.11266529560089111', 'original_id': 'cd7ebac6fff7809f96febdfc90bbbb7408a9f30fa79c305f7c30d6c6735e1cf3'} |
A woman's worth
The Lords' rewriting of divorce law may, oddly, end up taking away the protections of marriage
• The Guardian,
• Jump to comments ()
One's first reaction to the Miller and McFarlane cases is to cheer. The ruling of the House of Lords rewrites divorce law, making it clear that wives are no longer to be restricted to receiving only what they are judged to need when a marriage ends. The judgment appears, at last, to recognise that marriages are a complex relationship of interdependence, and that non-earning wives can make as valuable a contribution as their high-earning husbands.
The law lords start from the presumption that, because the parties have committed themselves to sharing their lives together on the basis of equality, an attempt at the equal sharing of assets generated during the marriage should follow. I applaud that. I can't conceive of a marriage that isn't, from the start, a joint venture. But I wonder whether that does, in fact, reflect the assumptions people now make when they marry.
Last year, when I researched couples' attitudes to money, I was astonished by how few had merged their resources. The younger the couples, the less likely they were to have done so.
That decision often stemmed from a belief that women were now equal to men, hence they were responsible for their own earnings, and had no right to the man's. Incomes were kept separate, but bills were shared. Since women tend to earn less than men, and usually have their working lives disrupted by child-rearing, they frequently end up with much less money than their partners. The resulting daily inequality would come as a shock to the law lords. There are women whose husbands go to the theatre and take holidays without them because they know that their wives can't afford their share; women living in multimillion-pound houses who have no access to credit cards or bank accounts, and are given a meagre cash allowance for housekeeping and food; women who gave up careers on a par with their husbands', and are treated like skivvies, with sole responsibility for all domestic and childcare tasks.
Many of these women feel that the arrangement is profoundly unfair, but can't quite work out why. That's because they and their partners have bought into the prevailing ideals of equality and independence. Equality is seen as the equal right to earn, and independence means financial independence. Women - dependent, because they are caring for dependent children - often feel, and are made to feel, inferior for lacking both.
The law lords' judgment offers a civilised and eloquent account of why that should not be the case. It assumes there is intrinsic value in an interdependent relationship, and that all work within a partnership, paid and unpaid, is valuable. The interesting question is whether their decisions will make marriages and divorces more equal in practice.
Might this statement of the worth of non-financial contributions change behaviour within existing partnerships? Academic research seems to show that's unlikely. The model of independent management of money is on the rise, and whatever model people adopt, they rarely change it once their relationship is established. Yet many women in this situation will now see that, in theory, they could be better off divorced. Perhaps it might give them leverage to argue for greater fairness within their households.
Alarmingly, many lawyers seem to think that these decisions will make the marriages of potentially wealthy men or women not more equal, but less likely to happen at all. Several were concluding yesterday that rich men should never marry. That, of course, would put their partners at an even greater disadvantage.
It will be perverse if the Lords' judgment turns out to be not only an expression of an ideal we no longer widely believe in, but one that has the effect of weakening the protections that marriage offers to the dependants within it.
Latest posts
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Today in pictures | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.98398619890213}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '118608', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:UI6CDG2PYZ5ZSKT6DNXI6SAHL5W5JTSW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:99c2e3ba-f4a8-4648-a356-0fecb779b6e3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 2, 2, 4, 27), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.27.76.184', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Q7GZAUH5LPEQ5T2PW4JXAFXJJHVTO2PY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:76cc3c38-0143-4f91-aa4d-78503980c451>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/may/25/comment.gender', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b9d630d8-6c48-4c23-bd7e-351649e1cc22>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '660', 'url': 'http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/may/25/comment.gender', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06377303600311279', 'original_id': '9e1b6ab3ff137e07ec5abb467d07ad1728a1365fdbbbdbeb0cca5e67d586f07c'} |
172 F.3d 868
Neesev.Katz**
NO. 98-20477
United States Court of Appeals,Fifth Circuit.
February 10, 1999
Appeal From: S.D.Tex. , No.H-96-CV-3707
1
Affirmed.
**
Conference Calendar
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '5d5e0ea9ab514b72cc43f2bd482b3ae5008f9f1e020a5222f49c1c8f0d7ffaab'} |
PrintShop: St Patrick's Day Special
PrintShop: St Patrick's Day Special
St. Patrick’s Day is a celebrative and joyous day, symbolized by the iconic 3-leafed clover-the Shamrock. Faith, hope, and love is dedicated to each leaf on the clover. The clover highlights the essence of the occasion, with the theme of the day revolving around the color green. For this festive day, we have utilized Printshop 5.0 to design a unique St. Patrick’s Day card. Here is a step-by-step tutorial on designing your very own St. Patrick’s Day card.
• To create your very own custom greeting card; start off by following the chain of commands to create a blank new project. Direction: Create Blank Project>US Letter>Create
• We decided to upload images to integrate our own style into the project. Direction: My Photos>Import> (Clicking on the file from the computer)
• After importing the images, the next step is inserting a shape that will serve as a canvas for our text and then redesign the image using multiple clovers as a customized fashionable border. The shape inserted can be enlarged to fit one’s desired design by holding down the corner dimensions. A customized effect can further be given by changing the color. Direction: Shape>Color
• All of this would not have been possible, if not for the function of assigning the order of the images back to front or vice versa. Printshop stacks images inserted on top of each other in the order in which they are added to the project (no need to be alarmed as one of the images you have included in the project is hidden behind). By carrying out this action, the images hidden behind can pop up to the front of the template; as we have chosen to do. Direction: Select image>Right click>Arrange>Move to Front
• To make the text on the card appear more attractive, use ready-made headlines. The tool allows you to pick a headline style of your choice and gives you the option to change the color of the text (as can be seen on the greeting card text designed to match the traditional color of St. Patrick’s Day). Direction: Headline>Ready-Made Headlines> (headline of your choice)>color
• Finally, to edit the size of the card, drag the vertical and horizontal guidelines – guidelines are present to assist you in the alignment of images and text. Direction: Click on the space pointed out by the red arrows and drag them to the middle (vertically and horizontally) of your page
Now you can use this tutorial and create a card or try your hand at party decorations for your St. Patrick’s Day celebration. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9056770205497742}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '70948', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DSE5HWU6E4B7AZ7HKZPIVKUPIS7N6D75', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a313d7eb-4aa1-4c64-9882-b39995fc6d42>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 25, 10, 48, 55), 'WARC-IP-Address': '18.205.197.39', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:A5RVO6OTASX7IIQXPZY4CYMDKLP2WIAH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2a425653-db6a-42c9-b051-988cab79c6a3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.broderbund.com/blog/post/printshop-st-patrick-s-day-special', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:87d0decd-2335-4669-87a5-4f7124289046>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '427', 'url': 'https://www.broderbund.com/blog/post/printshop-st-patrick-s-day-special', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-226-231.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02400505542755127', 'original_id': 'f2d3f0239e7dcf8bc11dd903a8be45003507e11bfd15a271e6e0a99502e3a518'} |
Trying to make sites more trustworthy with users' personal data
A new certification program aims to make websites more transparent about sharing users' personal data.
Story highlights
• Some people are hesitant to sign into sites with their social media profiles
• They think sites will sell their data or post to their profiles without permission
• A new program aims to build trust between consumers and sites by setting up ground rules
There's a lack of trust between Internet users and the websites that collect their private data.
These sites aren't going to stop gathering personal information anytime soon, but one company hopes to make the exchange less mysterious when people sign on to a site using a social-media profile.
Logging in to third-party sites or commenting systems with Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo, Google+ and other social profiles is common -- 53% of people have done it, according to a recent study by Gigya, which handles these social logins for major sites such as Pepsi, CBS and Verizon. But Gigya is more interested in the other 47% who don't use social logins and what it can do to change their minds.
In theory, signing in to a third-party site with an existing social-media account should make life a bit easier. There are no forms to fill out, no new passwords and login names to memorize. Just enter two bits of information you're already intimately familiar with from checking Facebook or Twitter a million times. Once logged in, you might even like how easy it is to share content on your profile, or enjoy seeing what your friends bought, read, listened to or watched.
In exchange for these benefits, you give that company access to personal information telling them who you are, such as your age, gender, location, e-mail address, list of friends and what your interests are. That data is extremely valuable, and is used to tailor the site or app experience to individual visitors. People who log in with a social-network profile are better customers. They stick around longer and are more engaged.
The holdouts who avoid signing in with social profiles don't want to give third-parties the keys to their personal data. They believe companies will take their profile information and sell it, spam their friends or post to their social networks without permission, according to the Gigya survey.
"There's a real question of transparency and trusting, and confusion as to what's happening," said Gigya CEO Patrick Salyer. He believes much of it is a "perception issue" and that increased transparency between companies and customers would be mutually beneficial.
That's where the Gigya's new SocialPrivacy Certification program comes in. In exchange for publicly promising to use data responsibly, sites can sport a seal proclaiming that they are certified as trustworthy. The companies must follow these rules: they will not sell your data or your friends' data, spam you with e-mails, post on your social networks or contact your friends without permission.
Gigya is training a team of 35 employees in its client-services department to audit companies to ensure they adhere to the criteria. The companies are vetted when they first request certification and audited regularly after they're signed up to make sure they're still sticking to the rules. Gigya has not settled on a price for the certification yet. Any site can apply for the program, and Gigya plans to develop a similar code of conduct for apps in the future.
In theory the certification will assuage consumers' fears, and in turn boost the usage of social logins across the web. To increase the program's credibility, Gigya consulted privacy experts and collaborated on the final product with the Future of Privacy Forum, a privacy think tank in D.C. supported by companies such as Google, Amazon and Facebook.
Currently there aren't any laws regulating what sites and apps can do with your personal information, and companies are hoping to stave off any government regulation by taking matters into their own hands with initiatives like SocialPrivacy Certification.
"There's no obligation to be a good privacy citizen unless it's health or banking information," said Jules Polonetsky, director and co-chair of the Future of Privacy Forum.
Facebook, Twitter and some other networks have guidelines for developers that prohibit some of these behaviors, including bans on selling data. But by taking it one step further and publicly declaring it won't misuse personal data, a site can suddenly be held accountable for any violations by a group with a bit more power: the Federal Trade Commission.
"The FTC can sue you for making a deceptive statement to users who relied on that when they signed onto your site," said Polonetsky.
The SocialPrivacy Certification program is launching with a handful or partners, including Martha Stewart and the Toronto Globe and Mail. Until it becomes standard across the industry, its usefulness will be limited. But as long as people remain paranoid and hesitant to share their information, sites that want that data will be motivated to be more transparent. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9569820761680604}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '101023', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TOCYKPJEBKVQ7UWRGUB57J7YS42IBNOI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:45f4fadb-3be8-4e16-a3ca-ad4df2db25a0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 6, 30, 8, 34, 8), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.32.73', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:R3TQCL4HTPKLJ24HEHWCNGXBHV5RVYNJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2a8bd7ea-0db8-4138-8358-85b3def25367>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/14/tech/social-media/social-login-gigya/index.html?hpt=te_r1', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ba452a28-6194-4701-945e-3bd0e70a9115>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '825', 'url': 'http://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/14/tech/social-media/social-login-gigya/index.html?hpt=te_r1', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-26\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06133192777633667', 'original_id': 'b21a3ee9dc527131c06420489bdf10cbe649b65f54dbf70b79d147d826b0c822'} |
<include file="public/header" title="货架回收站" />
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<script>
$( function () {
//全选
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<h2>货架管理 <span>SDMS SE / 货架回收站 / 列表</span></h2>
</div>
<div class="button_search clearfloat">
<ul class="dropdown_menu m_r_10">
<li><a href="#"><i class="fa fa-cog"></i> 操作 <i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<select class="select2 w100" id="stype">
<option value="">全部</option>
<option value="1">1.一层</option>
<option value="2">2.二层</option>
<option value="3">3.三层</option>
<option value="4">4.四层</option>
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<td class="w35">ID</td>
<td class="w150">货架自编码</td>
<td class="w85">层数</td>
<td>所属仓库</td>
<td class="w130">更新时间</td>
<td class="w35 text_center">操作</td>
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<td class="td1">{$sto.stype}</td>
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“Listening” to Meteors – Radio Detection
Listening to Meteors
Did you know that you can “hear” meteors? meteor trails – those columns of ionized atoms and molecules that we see as bright streaks – reflect radio waves that can be broadcast as audible pings.
These “specular” reflections offer alternative observing methods and valuable scientific data. In fact, radio equipment is capable of detecting even smaller particles than visual observations and it can be employed during daylight hours or on cloudy nights.
There are two main types of meteor trails, each of which is determined by the density of free electrons, and each of which broadcasts distinct signals. Underdense trails typically represent fainter meteors and can be heard as sharp, quick pings, while overdense trails are caused by brighter meteors and have a slower signal rise with a sustained peak.
Other radiometeor events include oscillating, transition “bongs”, and meteor head echo “whistles”. Each has a different sound, and all are distinct from non-meteor signals, such as passing aircraft, which typically result in longer-duration, steady-pitch signals.
There are also two primary types of radio observing methods. With the back-scatter (radar) method, the transmitter and receiver are located together, so that the radio signals are reflected back to where they started. With forward-scatter, the signal is reflected forward to the receiver, which is located many kilometers from the transmitter.
Listening to meteors can be as simple as tuning your digital FM radio to a distant known frequency that you cannot hear (meteors are heard as brief bursts of speech or music.) Serious observers can set up a relatively inexpensive personal radio observatory, which can also be used in other radio astronomy, such as tracking solar flares and detecting Jovian radio storms.
Listen to The Meteor Live Stream Here Credit Merriot Astro @nlospam on twitter | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.93771892786026}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '74163', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WOCPSBMHCRJACMEBFWK7ZIFCI77UAO6Q', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:13b24795-29c6-4096-9a4a-ccfbc3b4badb>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 28, 7, 23, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.21.83.249', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:EIIGAFXA4PDA24B7FDGILPMPDTRMDIRO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c28b3b54-9aec-497c-93bd-1b215427aae7>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.meteorwatch.org/science-observing/listening-to-meteors-radio-detection/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:11ff6dfa-5190-4c20-b762-d3fe06c2cb9c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '293', 'url': 'https://www.meteorwatch.org/science-observing/listening-to-meteors-radio-detection/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-142\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.17120277881622314', 'original_id': 'e6c588003b3d705eae5f338b24844c65fa1c31cb2943ac6512e75d772beb0f22'} |
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2-hour face-to-face training for Microsoft Office 365 focusing on SharePoint and OneDrive. And ideally, the new features of other functions including Outlook, Teams, Bookings, Admin, and People can also... (Budget: $250 - $750 AUD, Jobs: Microsoft Office, Sharepoint) | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c65952ed6227a23f640ea93c754f358c68bd75ca0b75c52a19d8ab5497774f67'} |
Wednesday, October 13, 2010
Archetypes in Fiction
On Monday, Ariel Allison wrote about the power of the parable’s of Jesus, highlighting the genius behind the seemingly simple stories about lost boys, lost coins, vineyards, and sheep. It was a meaty post, and many things stood out for me. But one word in her post jumped off the page at me: Archetype. And I thought, when was the last time you had a rollicking conversation about archetypes? Far too long. Care to dig in with me? I’ll be following Ariel’s excellent example of using the parables of Jesus to explain and expound on the use of archetypes.
When it comes time to craft characters for a novel, the perennial advice from writing gurus, rings in our heads: Create characters readers identify with.
But how do we construct relatable characters from the fodder of our imaginations? The answer is, of course, multi-fasciated, but found solidly in the mix is the use of archetypes.
An archetype is a psychological pattern within a person (character) that quickly conveys the status, stature, power, and even morality of a character in a way that is nearly universally understood.
Psychologist and DWM* Carl Jung brought us the term and definition of archetype in his theory of personality. But there is no need for the writer to possess a degree in psychology in order to understand and use archetypes to their advantage in fiction. What the writer truly needs is to understand literature and to be able to recognize archetypal characters in fiction. This isn’t as heady or difficult as it might first appear. To pull from Ariel’s quote from the
Dictionary of Biblical Imagery, archetypes are “master images that recur throughout literature and life.” A sort of psychological short hand that aids in deepening our understanding of a character and why she behaves the way she does. All it takes to is a love of reading, and a keen eye.
So what are they? Archetypes are not stereotypes. Stereotypes are negative generalizations about populations of people based on any number of outward statistics such as gender, race, skin color, ethnic origin, hair color (blonde joke anyone?), income, education level, etc. Archetypes, instead, are psychological sketches of human roles which have both positive and negative attributes (Jung referred to negative attributes as “shadow”), and are understood to be neutral, rather than stereotypical. Quick take home point: Stereotype points a finger and attacks the outward appearances. Archetype explains a way of being inside a human role.
So, if you’re writing a slice of life novel about a woman born and raised in the deep south and you describe her as: An outspoken, charming, social climbing, southern woman, you’ve described her in a stereotypical fashion. If, however, you describe her as a southern woman who uses her wits and charm to build an empire, you have described her archetype (Queen).
Let’s look at some examples of archetypes used in the parables of Jesus:
Wise man (e.g. Matthew 7:24-27)
Trickster (most commonly seen as a thief or enemy such as in Matthew 13: 24-30)
Father/King (There are many examples of this archetype in Jesus’ parables, often understood as a metaphor for God the Father. Some examples: Matthew 25:14-30 [an example of a vengeful, or angry master], and of course, The Prodigal Son parable, and also in the numerous parables about the shepherd tending the flocks [e.g. John 10:1-5].
Lover (Matthew 25:1-13 - the parable of the ten virgins)
In each of these stories, Jesus conveys immediate depth of meaning by sketching an archetype - a human role and function - and expounding on in order to teach a universal truth. He uses the universal to teach the universal. In only a few words Jesus was able to create characters each of us can readily identify and relate to.
Notice that these characters were not all sympathetic. That in no way impedes the readers ability to understand and identify with - on some level. We don’t need to like the character, we don’t need to agree with what the character is doing in order to relate to him.
An advanced technique is to take an archetype and give it a twist, giving the reader fresh, even shocking insight into human nature.
The sheep and Goats parable (Matthew 25: 31-46) turns the Father/King archetype on it’s head by depicting the King as hungry, naked, and in prison. This serves to deepen our understanding of God’s connection to humanity - that he experiences the sorrows of life on earth acutely, suffering along side us.
In the Parable of the Rich Man (Luke 12:16-21), Jesus turns this archetype on it’s head in another way, by depicting the ruler as greedy - a trait that resides in on the shadow side of the King/Father archetype, but then he adds a second, surprising dimension to the King/Father by making him a foolish man.
Jesus took the archetype of the Trickster - someone normally understood as sly, self-serving, and powerful and applied it to the religious, the Pharisees - people who would understand themselves within the role of Wise Men, or even Father.
There are, of course, many other archetypes we find in literature (and in life). Are you game? Can you point us to an archetype you’ve noticed in your reading, and give us an example? All comments welcome - this isn’t a pass or fail test, we’re discussing and playing with concepts. Ready? Go!
* DWM Dead White Male. While the subject of archetypes is helpful in discussing fiction, it’s important to understand the foundations of modern psychology were far from universal. Psychology was founded by western and/or North American white males, and remains riddled by their prejudices to this day.
Wendy Paine Miller said...
Reuben, the sojourner, searching for his brother in Peace Like a River. Don’t we all always find ourselves searching for something? And in the midst of finding he realizes what’s been with him all along.
Could go on and on about this one.
Awesome post.
~ Wendy
Bonnie Grove said...
It's true Wendy, so much of life feels like a search for meaning, love, and stability. A place we can plant our identity.
Peace Like a River is a lovely novel!
Reuben's archetype is difficult to pin down (at least from my memory), he reacts to his father (Wizard - I know he wasn't a wizard in the story, but his remarkable ability for miracles places him in this category in terms of archetypes) and his brother (Rebel), and serves as the stories narrator. . . hmmm.....
Bonnie Grove said...
CRICKETS! All I hear is the chirp of crickets on the blog today!
I know! You're all reading and making notes on archetypes so you can come back later and enlighten us.
Ariel Allison Lawhon said...
No my dear Bonnie, we're all struck dumb by your erudite lesson. But you did get me thinking.
Charles Dickens once called the parable of the prodigal son the "greatest story ever told." And I think that part of its power comes from a reliance on three strong archetypes: Father, Warrior (with a twist), and Rebel.
These days I am most intrigued by the Warrior archetype in this story, the older brother. John Truby defines as warrior as "the practical enforcer of what is right." But in this instance it's become warped. The Dictionary of Biblical Images (I'm slightly obsessed with this book right now) suggests that the older brother has turned his desire for justice into a "middle-aged attitude that is dutiful, grudging, self-righteous, and unforgiving."
That alone would make for an interesting story, but when contrasted against the Rebel younger brother it's genius.
Meg Moseley said...
I love this. I'm plotting a new story, so archetypes and quests are on my mind. There are so many angles to consider, but by the grace of God and a great deal of hard work, we can put it all together in a story that really means something. Thanks for a creativity-inspiring post.
Megan Sayer said...
Good question Bonnie.
I found myself thinking a lot about The Time Traveller's Wife: Henry is the Hero, but also functions in the Shapeshifter archetype. Niffenegger also uses Henry as a Mentor to himself, as well as mentoring Claire, and then swaps things so the older Claire is Mentor to Henry, further illustrating the shapeshifting theme of the story.
Nikole Hahn said...
Right now I am reading The Portrait of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. The Artist is obsessive of Dorian and Dorian is the "sitter" for the artist. Dorian realizes he will grow old and his portrait won't grow old. He wails about his diminishing youth.
Bonnie Grove said...
Yay! People!
Ariel: I hadn't thought of the Older Brother as Warrior. Wow. Great insight there - and you're right, if the story concluded with just the one brother it would have still been the classic it is. With the two of them in there, it's epic. Thanks for that.
Meg: You're so right, there are so many ways to purse a story - sometimes it's obvious which archetype we need to employ (writing in genre can often help with this choice), but often we need to study and consider before we begin.
Megan: I agree about Henry - a classic shapeshifter archetype. And Niffenegger certainly knows her fantasy archetypes. She's brilliant in how she uses Henry's gift to confound not only Claire, but himself. Great example.
Nikole: A great example of the Artist archetype. Yes, Dorian is not the painter, but he is absolutely the Artist, obsessed with beauty and perfection - at the cost of all else. A powerful use of archetypes.
Great stuff, guys!!
Steve G said...
So, is there room to play the archetype off of the stereotype? You have 2 pastors in Talking to the Dead. The "reverend" seems to be somewhat stereotypical, partly because we don't see his motivations so much as assume and infer from his actions (at the same time understanding there are those like him in life). Jack on the other hand we spend time with, and come to see his heart and personality.
Or maybe, what you did is contrast the archetype with the shadow - oooooh - that is pretty literary how you snuck that one in.
Karen @ a house full of sunshine said...
Wow, you are all far too smart for me. And everyone here sounds like they know what they are talking about. I haven't heard all that much about this concept. Is there a list of archetypes in a book somewhere that you could point me to? Archetypes for Dummies perhaps...? ;) I'm fascinated. And I'd love to sound really smart too :)
Megan Sayer said...
Karen, look up Christopher Vogler's "The Writer's Journey". It's probably the best book I've ever read about the craft of fiction, and in it he goes into detail about these archetypal characters and their role in storytelling. The book also has a list of further references if you wanted to explore the concept further. The good thing about "The Writer's Journey" though is it's a really easy read. Vogler takes high-sounding concepts and unpacks them simply and concisely (for "mummy-brainers" like me, making me sound a lot smarter than I really feel!).
Henrietta Frankensee said...
The first I heard of archetypes was in a high school classroom. My paper involved Merlin and the teacher spouted off about wizard archetypes. I felt confined. What did he mean there are a limited number of original cast members?! He later gave me an award: most challenging student. It was his first year teaching.
This is the first time I have heard of archetypes with a twist and I am excited and intrigued. And playing them off each other?! Very stimulating.
Is it possible to say of the Parable of the Merchant that the Seeker becomes the Warrior, willing to go to all lengths for victory?
With the seeds the Sower is so careless and indiscriminate. Is this a twisted Archetype?
Bonnie Grove said...
Karen: The great thing about the community at this blog is that we are all learning together - none of us has all the pieces. I've learned many things from your comments here. Isn't it great!
Megan: Thanks for the book recommendation. I haven't heard of that one. I'll keep an eye out!
Henrietta: Certainly, it's common to see archetypes shifting and changing throughout a story. This is especially true of the hero of a story, the character readers expect to see radical change in. I like the way you think, Henrietta!
Ellen Staley said...
Think I must have dozed through any lessons on archetypes I received in college. So I did the next best thing, referenced it on the internet and found a list with more info than I needed or wanted. But I was surprised 'scapegoat' wasn't listed. (I read Du Maurier's book by said title years ago.) Perhaps it isn't an archetype at all?
Karen @ a house full of sunshine said...
Thanks Megan, I've bookmarked "The Writer's Journey", sounds like a great read.
Bonnie Grove said...
Ellen: I wonder if the reason scapegoat isn't an archetype is because it is a role that is often thrust upon others, rather than one that is attained by the person. Just a thought. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9628432989120485}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '122760', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WFHA2Q7EMO4CQFIIJMFZVUJMBOVBLNNJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1b1ace50-c430-448d-aa8b-f1baabc3f01e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 7, 16, 2, 36, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.7.211', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FHXE6QWYOY6B5TNYBS4275OMYA5IRNFT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d9db48ef-4319-4794-8d16-2ee243eb38ab>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.novelmatters.com/2010/10/archetypes-in-fiction.html?showComment=1287002577658', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c8189a47-901f-49a9-a3f4-709e7d3a3dbf>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2170', 'url': 'http://www.novelmatters.com/2010/10/archetypes-in-fiction.html?showComment=1287002577658', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-29\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-211.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03651827573776245', 'original_id': '65663cc32c0661a86a6159c3f8e2cfa5e69d052c855fb0d16163bb3375255b1f'} |
Q:
How do I get the indices from the Tkinter textbox
I'd like to be able to get the index (like 1.1...) out of a highlighted text in a Tkinter text box, any ideas?
A:
The selected text has the tag "sel". The beginning and ending range of the selected text is defined by "sel.first" and "sel.last". You can use those directly if you want to get the text, like so:
chars = the_text_widget.get("sel.first", "sel.last")
If, instead, you want the numerical index, you can use the index method which converts any index to its canonical form:
s0 = the_text_widget.index("sel.first")
s1 = the_text_widget.indx("sel.last")
Note: the tkinter module defines constants for these: SEL_FIRST and SEL_LAST but I personally see no reason to use these constants. Using their string counterparts is just as easy and helps reinforce the notion that the selection is just another tag without any special properties.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b68b4a1a973ef7c5864068a595cee1ea4419cb336488968a57b188289bea7ea6'} |
Interference of serum with lipoplex-cell interaction: modulation of intracellular processing.
We have investigated the mechanism of lipoplex-mediated transfection, employing a dialkyl pyridinium surfactant (SAINT-2), and using serum as a modulator of complex stability and processing. Particle size and stability determine lipoplex internalization, the kinetics of intracellular processing, and transfection efficiency. Clustered SAINT-2 lipoplexes are obtained in the absence of serum (-FBS lipoplexes), but not in its presence (+FBS lipoplexes), or when serum was present during lipoplex formation [FBS], conditions that mimic potential penetration of serum proteins. The topology of DNA in [FBS] lipoplexes shifts from a supercoiled, as in -FBS lipoplexes, to a predominantly open-circular conformation, and is more prone to digestion by DNase. Consistently, atomic force microscopy revealed complexes with tubular extensions, reflecting DNA that protrudes from the lipoplex surface. Interestingly, the internalization of [FBS] lipoplexes is approximately three-fold higher than that of -FBS and +FBS lipoplexes, yet their transfection efficiency is approximately five-fold lower. Moreover, in contrast to -FBS and +FBS complexes, [FBS] complexes were rapidly processed into the late endosomal/lysosomal degradation pathway. Intriguingly, transfection by [FBS] complexes is greatly improved by osmotic rupture of endocytic compartments. Our data imply that constraints in size and morphology govern the complex' ability to interact with and perturb cellular membranes, required for gene release. By extrapolation, we propose that serum may regulate these parameters in an amphiphile-dependent manner, by complex 'penetration' and modulation of DNA conformation. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'fdaff1b942e20741c0b1ff322eda96b1f9ed225298b4849169315a46ca371b89'} |
import React from 'react';
import Icon from 'react-web-vector-icons';
import * as S from './styled';
export default function CategoryListItem({ category }) {
const type = category.name.replace('-', '');
return (
<S.Anchor
className="challenge-link"
to={{
pathname: `/challenges/${type.toLowerCase()}`,
state: { type },
}}
>
<S.Tech>
<Icon
name={category.icon}
color="#f4cf0a"
size={50}
font="FontAwesome"
/>
<S.TechName>{category.name}</S.TechName>
</S.Tech>
</S.Anchor>
);
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '12683c0746565a3af730f0f10dca69cf63b5fe6a9da9ca8cdc71910abc199345'} |
# Guide to run ego under App Engine LOCAL Development Server
1. Download, install and setup Go in your computer. (That includes setting your `$GOPATH`.)
2. Download SDK for your platform from [here](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/go/download): `https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/go/download`
3. Download ego source code using: `$ go get github.com/go-ego/ego`
4. Navigate to examples folder: `$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/go-ego/ego/examples//app-engine`
<!-- 5. Run it: `$ goapp serve app-engine/` -->
5. Run it: `$ dev_appserver.py .` (notice that you have to run this script by Python2) | mini_pile | {'original_id': '6cea9759ca40c35d8442d81f9136afce2226eb19134db4fc3ddb1b0fbc652aac'} |
Newly Dedicated Harpsichord to Be Showcased in Susquehanna University Concert
SELINSGROVE—Susquehanna University will dedicate a newly acquired harpsichord with a recital, featuring Assistant Professor of Music Marcos Krieger and guests, on Nov. 3 at 8 p.m. in the university’s Stretanksy Concert Hall.
The recital will showcase a Hubbard Manual Flemish Harpsichord (Boston, 1976). The instrument had been commissioned by the late Richard Barshinger, a prominent educator and musician in central Pennsylvania, and will serve educational and performance purposes on the Stretanksy Hall stage.
The harpsichord, a modern copy of instruments made by the Antwerp builder Ruckers in the 17th century, has typical Flemish decorations, including a dark green, lacquered finish; gilded banding and trim; full Flemish papers with Latin mottoes and arabesques; and striking soundboard painting. The instrument also features two keyboards with Taskin ravalement, a modification that allows for an extended range.
The recital is free and open to the public.
Founded in 1858, Susquehanna University is a national liberal arts college that prepares students for achievement, leadership and service in a diverse, interconnected world. Academic excellence, study away and service learning, student-faculty collaboration, and rich opportunities for creative and personal growth are hallmarks of a Susquehanna University education. Susquehanna students come from 36 states and 13 countries, and more than 90 percent of them find jobs or pursue graduate study within six months of graduation. The university is located in central Pennsylvania, in the town of Selinsgrove, along the banks of the scenic Susquehanna River and about three hours from major East Coast cultural, financial and recreational centers. For more information, visit www.susqu.edu. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '29db9226f3bc2c78c9e19c31e15c7b5f6525efbb821f53ad402970d8c4eed298'} |
Il est donc probable, pour ne pas dire certain, que lorsqu'elles acquittent cent millions d'impôts, elles ont reçu, d'un demi à un milliard peut-être de salaires et que, si elles gagnaient, par supposition, 5 millions sur le remboursement de la dette publique, elles en perdraient, en revanche, 45 sur leurs salaires. Mais la faculté de payer avec la monnaie la plus dépréciée offre un autre danger pour les masses, qu'il ne faut pas laisser dans l'ombre. C'est un fait reconnu que, s'il se trouve dans la circulation des monnaies détériorées, usées ou dépréciées, c'est toujours chez les plus pauvres qu'elles trouveront leur écoulement ; que ceux-ci les recevront presque toujours au pair comme si elles étaient droites de poids et de titre, tandis que, lorsqu'ils veulent les émettre de nouveau, personne ne veut les accepter, si ce n'est avec perte. Cela s'est vu fréquemment chez nous, lors de la démonétisation des monnaies d'appoint. Les riches et les puissants n'acceptent que de la bonne monnaie comme ils ne prennent que de bonnes marchandises de premier choix ; le pauvre et le faible doivent tout accepter, même moins que le poids ou moins que la mesure. N'y a-t-il donc pas un danger réel, évident, à rendre permanente et légale pour les mesures de la valeur cette situation fâcheuse ? Les classes laborieuses ne pourraient-elles pas y voir un système nouveau de diminuer leurs salaires et d'aggraver leurs charges ? D'après nous, la justice la plus élémentaire exige qu'il n'y ait qu'une seule mesure des valeurs pour tout le monde, et que la monnaie qui donne cette mesure doit être une pour tous, pauvres ou riches. Cette monnaie, ou si l'on veut cette mesure des valeurs, ce moyen d'acquitter les dettes, doit-il être en or ou en argent, telle est la dernière question à examiner. Le fait de la dépréciation de l'argent, qui a été constaté et expliqué au commencement de cet écrit, suffirait pour faire rejeter l'argent comme étalon général ou mesure des valeurs. Mais il y a encore d'autres raisons non moins décisives et préremptoirs. Il faut de la monnaie, cela est évident, mais il en faut le moins possible, nous l'avons démontré plus haut; il en faut surtout, dans les cas pressants de mauvaises récoltes, pour acheter des grains à l'étranger et pour solder à certains moments les différences entre les comptes internationaux. Il faut donc une monnaie facilement et économiquement transportable. L'or seul répond à ces nécessités. Mais l'or a encore d'autres qualités qui le désignent comme la monnaie par excellence. Non seulement il est quinze et demi à seize ou bientôt dix-sept fois plus léger que l'argent à valeur égale, mais proportionnellement il est encore plus petit de volume, sa densité étant double ou à peu près. Il s'oxyde moins facilement ; il s'use moins et il est généralement, à cause de ces qualités, plus recherché que l'argent. Mais l'or est aussi, par ses qualités intrinsèques, naturellement désigné pour servir à la monnaie universelle qui s'impose tôt ou tard aux hommes d'État comme elle s'impose déjà au commerce et à l'industrie. Pourquoi, dès lors, en présence des inconvénients et des dangers du double étalon signalés plus haut, n'adopterait-on pas l'or comme monnaie particulière de chaque nation servent à convertir la monnaie universelle en monnaie locale ? Autrement la monnaie universelle fuirait nécessairement les pays à étalon d'argent et elle perdrait ainsi son caractère d'universalité. Faudra-t-il donc supprimer complètement l'argent de la circulation comme instrument de paiement et des échanges? Il est évident que cela ne serait pas possible. Il faut nécessairement une monnaie pour les petits paiements qui sont les plus nombreux, les plus journaliers et les plus fréquents. Mais, réduits aux besoins locaux, aux échanges intérieurs et aux appointements, les paiements en argent ne présentent pas plus de danger pour aucune classe de la société que les paiements plus petits en monnaie de nickel ou de bronze. Ne sortant plus du pays et toujours et facilement échangeable contre de l'or, monnaie légale, l'argent même déprécié ne serait une cause de perte pour personne non plus que le billon qui ne vaut que le tiers ou le quart de sa valeur réelle. Sans doute la hausse apparente des prix et même des salaires disparaîtrait en partie, comme cela s'opère dans ce moment en Amérique. Mais la puissance d'acquisition de la monnaie augmenterait en même temps comme elle a diminué par la dépréciation de l'argent. Les classes nombreuses qui vivent de revenus fixes, de pensions, n'auraient qu'à s'applaudir de ce résultat. Sans doute ceux qui font le commerce de métaux précieux verraient diminuer leurs chances de bénéfices ; mais cette considération ne peut arrêter un seul instant la solution. La difficulté réelle que l'on rencontrera en Belgique pour adopter l'étalon d'or se trouvera dans les statuts et l'organisation de la Banque nationale, comme banque d'émission. Tout a été prévu en vue de l'étalon d'argent. Il faudra tout prévoir en vue de l'étalon d'or. Ad. Le Hardt de Beaulieu. LE MODERNE PONTIFE Un enfant naît : il est charmant, il est folâtre; Il naît pour être un homme; il pourrait être un pâtre, Mener en chantant les grands bœufs, Ou, sous l'ardent midi la poitrine hâlée. Cultiver le blé sain aux flancs de la vallée, Le doux pampre aux coteaux herbeux; Il pourrait s'emparer de l'existence entière. Par le travail qui donne un maître à la matière, Par la royauté du savoir; Il pourrait, ô famille! il pourrait, ô patrie! S'emparer par l'amour des bonheurs de la vie. De ses grandeurs par le devoir; Comme l'arbre qui croît à l'air pur et qui donne Ses parfums au printemps et ses fruits à l'automne. Et qui, lorsque l'hiver est là, Chauve, au ciel refroidi, brave encore la tempête. Il pourrait... Dans un jour de souffrance et de fête, Sa mère a rêvé tout cela ! Il naît pour être un homme... et l'on en fait un prêtre. Rêve de sainteté qui transfigure l'être, Vocation de Bon-Pasteur, Prêtre, il pourrait livrer de pieuses batailles; Au Calvaire, à son tour, pour de pauvres ouailles. Porter la croix du rédempteur; Consoler qui s'afflige et relever qui tombe, Bénir l'amour, bénir les berceaux et la tombe, Donner aux morts un saint adieu; Faire un temple de paix de la moindre chaumière, De récolle du peuple un temple de lumière, Et parler aux hommes de Dieu; Il voulait être apôtre... Et le voilà Pontife. Pontife, il peut braver César après Caïfe; Hildebrand de la liberté, Brandir sur les abus un glaive: la parole; Jeter aux naufragés du droit une boussole : La foi dans la fraternité ; Comme un ciboire en main, porter les saintes causes; Imposer la terreur du crime aux Théodoses, Frapper de respect Attila, Élargir la vertu, féconder la justice!... En ce jour où Ton s'offre au ciel en sacrifice. Le prêtre a rêvé tout cela. Non ! Le passé retient dans ses serres de bronze : Il rêvait Marc-Aurèle; il sera Louis XI ; L'homme est esclave de son rang ! Vieille institution, — le pape a tué l'homme, — Tu fais du patriote un bombardeur de Rome, Et du doux apôtre un tyran. Ch. Potevin. Digitized by Google REVUE DU MOIS. n L'élection communale du 21 novembre a justifié nos prévisions. Ce ne sont pas les candidats scissionnaires; c'est le candidat indépendant — et quel candidat! — qui seul a un moment disputé la victoire aux forces de l'Association. Viennent maintenant quelque élection parlementaire, et que les cléricaux, au lieu d'appuyer sous main une personnalité plus bruyante que sérieuse, mettent ouvertement tous les ressorts de leur puissante organisation au service de noms respectés et populaires, comme leur parti en possède quelques-uns à Bruxelles; qu'ils jettent dans la balance électorale les masses enrégimentées de leurs campagnards; que dans notre bourgeoisie même, recourant à tous leurs moyens d'action avoués et inavoués, depuis le confessionnal de la femme jusqu'à la clientèle du mari, ils parviennent à obtenir le vote de quelques-uns et l'abstention d'un plus grand nombre : devant cette croisade d'influences et d'intérêts cimentée par une discipline solide, la désunion des libéraux ne pourrait-elle pas provoquer l'avènement d'une députation panachée de cléricalisme? La présence de M. de Mérode au Sénat est sous ce rapport un avertissement significatif. Voilà ce qui donnait tant de poids aux paroles de M. Van Humebeck, quand l'honorable président de l'Association libérale s'écriait, aux applaudissements de l'assistance, qu'avant, comme après la victoire, la Maison des Brasseurs resterait ouverte à ses enfants prodigues, pour peu qu'ils consentent à accepter ce grand principe de l'Union libérale, organisé au Congrès de 1846 et représenté par l'Association au sein du libéralisme Bruxellois. Cet appel sera-t-il entendu? Il ne nous est guère permis de le croire quand on voit l'attitude de la scission au lendemain de sa défaite. Et cependant qu'on relise toute la politique soulevée par les élections du 18 novembre : On n'y découvrira pas une seule question de principes ; on n'y rencontrera pas un seul fait qui puisse servir de base au procès de tendance intenté à l'Association. On n'y trouvera pas une seule de ces raisons de dignité personnelle ou de convenance politique qui excusent la désunion d'un parti même devant l'ennemi commun. Dans le parti libéral, comme dans tout autre parti, il y a nécessairement deux nuances assez marquées, la nuance avancée et la nuance conservatrice, la nuance de ceux qui veulent marcher vite et la nuance de ceux qui veulent marcher lentement. Si notre parti était assez fort pour pouvoir résister partout à l'ennemi commun, même en se divisant, il n'y aurait pas grand mal à ce que ces nuances se constituent en groupes séparés. Mais dans la plupart des arrondissements, comme à Candé, à Anvers, à Nivelles, peut-être même à Mons, l'union la plus complète est indispensable pour éviter une défaite qui pourrait devenir définitive. Or, n'y a-t-il pas lieu de craindre que la lutte de Bruxelles ne rencontre de l'écho en province? Si l'on attaque ici avec tant de vivacité un groupe plus ou moins nombreux de libéraux, est-ce que leurs coreligionnaires de province ne s'en sentiront pas froissés, et, dans ce cas, apporteront-ils aux prochaines élections le concours dévoué et actif, indispensable pour arrêter les progrès de ce parti théocratique qui menace non seulement nos institutions, mais peut-être encore notre nationalité ! Pendant que cette querelle locale du libéralisme absorbait l'attention du public, nos Chambres filàient au cabinet d'apaisement des jours d'or et de soie. De son côté la majorité se gardait, plus que jamais, de soulever une de ces grandes questions qui auraient pu réunir tous les libéraux dans une pensée commune de défense ou d'attaque. L'adresse en réponse au discours du trône, sept budgets et plusieurs projets de loi ont passés avec une célérité à laquelle notre Chambre n'a guère accoutumé le public. Seul, le projet de loi qui autorise le gouvernement à suspendre le monnayage de l'argent, a provoqué un feu roulant de discours plus économiques sous le rapport de la science que sous le rapport du temps ; encore cette discussion, qui a duré une semaine, a-t-elle abouti à l'adoption du projet par l'unanimité de la Chambre, moins la voix de M. Dumortier, qui a toujours des arguments et des moyens particuliers pour se distinguer. Il y a bien aussi la scène de famille où M. Beernaert s'est vu abandonné de tous les siens, au grand amusement de la galerie libérale. Mais on conviendra qu'en somme jamais débuts de session n'ont été plus paisibles. Nous ne regrettons pas de voir ainsi notre Parlement — qui fait tant de politique — faire de temps à autre un peu d'administration sans y mêler ses passions de parti. Mais le cabinet de M. Malou aura beau se tenir sur la défensive : il n'échappera pas longtemps à ces débats irritants que doivent inévitablement provoquer les aspirations et les actes de ses partisans. La gauche, de son côté, n'a aucun intérêt à prolonger ou même à conclure une trêve parlementaire : elle sait trop qu'en fin de compte, le bruit des discussions profite à sa cause, tandis que le silence, comme l'obscurité, font le jeu de ses adversaires. Comment dès lors expliquer qu'à la Diète prussienne, les députés catholiques aient pris eux-mêmes l'initiative de la proposition, récemment adoptée sur l'abolition du timbre des journaux? C'est que les ultramontains aiment la liberté, quand ils sont dans l'opposition, et la combattent, lorsqu'elle peut servir leurs adversaires. Ils réclament aujourd'hui en Prusse la liberté de la presse, parce que le gouvernement empêche leurs journaux de publier les encycliques du Pape ; mais c'est pour mieux la supprimer, si demain ils reprenaient le pouvoir. Aussi n'a-t-il pas été difficile de leur montrer que leurs propositions, tant sur l'abolition du timbre que sur l'introduction du suffrage universel, étaient en contradiction ouverte avec leurs tendances, avec leurs actes, et par-dessus tout avec les injonctions réitérées de leur pontife infaillible ; que dès lors ces velléités libérales étaient tout simplement une arme de guerre au service d'un parti pour qui la fin justifie les moyens. La lutte s'accentue de reste dans toute l'Allemagne entre les évêques encouragés par la cour de Rome et les gouvernements appuyés sur les partis libéraux. Ce n'est plus seulement en Prusse que l'Etat se voit entraîné à des mesures d'exception contre les abus de l'autorité ecclésiastique. Dans le Grand-Duché de Bade le gouvernement a annoncé la présentation d'articles additionnels à la loi qui règle la situation de l'Église catholique, et, dans le royaume de Saxe, la Chambre des députés vient d'adopter une motion réclamant du gouvernement une loi pour sauvegarder les droits de l'Etat vis-à-vis de l'Église ultramontaine. Enfin, en Autriche même, dans l'ancien pays des Metternich et du Concordat, le gouvernement paraît d'accord avec le Parlement, — s'il faut en juger par le discours du trône et les adresses des deux Chambres — pour préparer une législation confessionnelle assez voisine du régime adopté en Prusse. Il y a au fond de ces symptômes une tendance universelle qui s'accentuera et se propagera fatalement, si l'Église romaine, comme tout le fait prévoir, persiste dans son attitude de combat vis-à-vis de l'Etat moderne. En France, la majorité parlementaire n'en est pas encore à abolir le mariage civil, ni même à rompre les relations diplomatiques avec l'usurpateur du Quirinal. Mais tandis qu'en Prusse on sécularise la législation et on supprime les entraves de la presse, en France on livre l'instruction publique aux influences cléricales et on prépare à la presse un régime d'exception qui fera disparaître les inégalités de l'état de siège, en les généralisant sur toute la surface du pays. Que cure du projet restituant partout au gouvernement la nomination des maires et leur retenant en même temps ces fonctions de police qui seraient la seule excuse de leur nomination par le pouvoir central? C'est ainsi que les anciens décentralisateurs de Nancy se vengent, en faisant de la réaction, de n'avoir pu faire la monarchie. Comme l'observait un député spirituel, la France offre aujourd'hui l'étrange tableau d'une république gouvernée par des monarchistes qui ressuscitent la politique de l'Empire. Mais alors pourquoi avoir combattu et maudit l'Empire, si c'était pour reprendre ses lois, ses institutions et jusques ses procédés de gouvernement, avec ses garanties de stabilité en moins, et le spectre noir du cléricalisme en plus! La condamnation du maréchal Bazaine a un moment détourné de l'Assemblée l'attention qui s'attachait à ses stériles débats. Cette condamnation a surpris ceux qui ne connaissaient ni l'évidence des faits, ni la rigueur des lois militaires. Mais ce qui nous a paru bien plus surpris, c'est ce procès lui-même, où Bazaine a payé pour tout le monde. Nous ne voyons pas ce que la discipline des armes françaises ou le relèvement général de la nation ont pu gagner à cette exhibition rétrospective de défaillances et d'incapacités. Quant à l'exécution de la sentence, personne n'y a cru un moment. Il était impossible en effet de froidement ordonner à trois ans de distance le supplice d'un chef plutôt incapable et politiquement criminel que traître à sa patrie dans le sens ordinaire du mot, et puis Bazaine n'était-il pas en droit de crier à ses accusateurs comme à ses pairs : "Que celui d'entre vous qui est sans tache, me tire la première balle !" En Angleterre aussi, les conservateurs semblent tenir la corde. L'élection d'Exeter vient encore de leur gagner un siège au Parlement ; peut-être avant peu les reverrons-nous au pouvoir. Mais qu'importe ! L'Angleterre en marchera moins vite ; mais elle marchera quand même, et surtout elle ne reculera pas ; car les conservateurs anglais, au rebours des traitres, savent que la meilleure politique de conservation, le vrai conservatisme, c'est d'étayer les bases fondamentales des sociétés humaines sur les besoins et les découvertes de chaque époque par une chaîne ininterrompue de réformes et de progrès. Si l'on veut juger la distance, nous allions dire l'abîme qui sépare les conservateurs des soi-disant conservateurs continentaux, qu'on relise l'admirable discours sur l'esprit du siècle prononcé par M. Disraeli lors de son installation comme recteur à l'Université de Glasgow. L'affaire du Virginius semble définitivement terminée, à la satisfaction générale des parties, sauf probablement des malheureux fusillés qui n'ont plus voix au chapitre. Si nous en parlons ici, ce n'est pas que cet incident nous ait jamais paru de nature à compromettre la paix du monde. Une guerre de l'Espagne contre les États-Unis ressemblerait trop au choc du pot de fer contre le pot de terre, pour qu'on pût craindre une vive résistance du gouvernement Madridène aux réclamations des États-Unis. Mais nous devons insister sur l'attitude si modérée et si pacifique de cette grande république américaine qu'on accuse parfois de morgue et d'ambition : Voici qu'on capture un de ses navires, qu'on insulte son pavillon, qu'on fusille ses nationaux sans jugement régulier. Jamais occasion ne lui fut-elle plus propice pour étendre la main sur cette île de Cuba que lui font désirer tous ses intérêts commerciaux et géographiques. Et pourtant elle commence par négocier, elle diffère sa résolution, elle laisse aux esprits le temps de se calmer et finalement elle se contente des réparations strictement exigées par le droit des gens. Cet incident a prouvé une fois de plus que l'on peut dire "Time is money" mais l'on peut dire aussi "Time is peace". Gagner du temps, c'est assurer la paix dans la plupart des complications internationales. Les passions s'apaisent; le faux patriotisme cesse d'obscurcir la notion des droits et des griefs réciproques, les intérêts menacés élèvent la voix, et ainsi, — les neutres aident — on en arrive, même dans des conflits aussi graves que l'affaire du Virginie, à éviter ces égorgements humains qu'ailleurs, en spéculant sur l'irritation du premier moment, on a réussi à provoquer pour un paletot d'ambassadeur ou pour une boutade de prince. GOBLER D'AVIBILLA. ESSAIS ET NOTICES. LE SPECTATEUR. — Le ministre de l'Intérieur présentera bientôt un projet de loi sur la réorganisation de l'Enseignement supérieur. D'après ce qu'on nous affirme, il ne sera tenu aucun compte de l'avant-projet élaboré par la commission spéciale que le gouvernement lui-même avait nommée, et on se contentera de transformer les cours à certificat en cours à examen. Système déplorable ! Il en résultera des jurys impossibles composés de 18 ou 20 professeurs qui n'auront chacun que deux ou trois minutes pour examiner un élève. Rien ne fatigue autant l'esprit que les fonctions d'examinateur. Le professeur qui aura pendant toute l'année donné ses leçons devra consacrer toutes les vacances à faire des examens. Il n'aura plus un moment de liberté pour un travail suivi, pour voyager, pour visiter les pays étrangers et les autres centres d'instruction supérieure. C'est la perfection, l'idéal du mandarinat ! La Bévue publiera bientôt des travaux spéciaux sur cette importante question, d'où dépend l'avenir intellectuel du pays. Déjà à Liège, M. Trasenster l'a sérieusement abordée dans le Journal de Liège, et deux autres professeurs, l'un de la faculté de droit, M. J. Macors, l'autre de la faculté des sciences, M. Pérard, se sont donnés la mission d'étudier à fond toutes les questions qui concernent l'enseignement moyen et supérieur, dans une revue spéciale intitulée le Spectateur. C'est une œuvre de pur dévouement à l'intérêt scientifique du pays, car cette publication est distribuée gratuitement et ne prend pas d'abonnés. MM. Macors et Pérard appellent la discussion. Il est désirable, en effet, que leurs idées soient examinées avec toute l'attention et toute la convenance que mérite sans contredit le caractère sérieux et désintéressé d'une pareille entreprise. Le Spectateur s'est occupé jusqu'à présent de renseignements moyens. Il faut qu'il aborde immédiatement la question des réformes de l'enseignement supérieur. Elle sera bientôt portée aux Chambres et on doit y appeler l'attention du public. Il est de la plus haute importance que cette difficile question soit élucidée dans la presse avant d'être décidée par le Parlement. N'est-il pas déplorable de voir ce grand intérêt national livré aux influences de parti et les problèmes les plus graves de l'enseignement scientifique tranchés par une majorité de hasard qui ne peut se rendre compte des conséquences de ce qu'elle vote? Pourquoi ne pas le dire, de pareilles questions ne devraient pas être décidées par des Parlements : ils ne sont ni institués, ni nommés pour cela. Mais puisqu'actuellement il n'en saurait être autrement, qu'au moins les hommes compétents s'occupent d'éclairer et de former l'opinion publique! En Angleterre, dès qu'une question sérieuse surgit, longtemps à l'avance elle est, dans les revues et dans les journaux, l'objet de controverses, de débats journaliers, et ainsi il se fait une sorte d'instruction préparatoire qui facilite le travail de la législature. En Belgique il devrait en être de même et c'est pourquoi nous croyons qu'il faut remercier MM. Macors et Pérard de l'initiative qu'ils ont prise. Eh bien, de L. L'ÉTAT DES CHANGLINES EN CHINE, à propos d'une brochure récente. La situation des étrangers en Chine est actuellement réglée par les traités de Tien-Tsin. Ces traités, conclus après l'expédition anglo-française de 1859, ouvrent aux navires étrangers un certain nombre de ports où les Européens ont le droit de résider et de commercer, sous la juridiction de leurs consuls respectifs. Avec un passeport, les sujets des puissances signataires ont même le droit de voyager dans tout l'intérieur de l'Empire, mais sans pouvoir commercer en dehors des ports ouverts. Quant aux missionnaires, ils ont le droit de circuler et même de faire des prosélytes dans toute la Chine, tant qu'ils ne violent pas les lois du pays, et encore sous ce rapport ne sont-ils justiciables que des autorités européennes. Ces traités ou plutôt ces transactions n'ont satisfait personne. Les Chinois voient avec un dépit mal dissimulé l'immixtion commerciale, judiciaire et religieuse des barbares ; les Européens, à leur tour, réclament l'ouverture de toute la Chine au commerce étranger. Toutefois il faut distinguer ici les tendances du corps diplomatique européen et les sentiments des résidents étrangers. Ceux-ci, qui voient actuellement leurs transactions se rétrécir et leurs profits s'abaisser, accusent leurs gouvernements de les sacrifier à la mauvaise foi et à la pusillanimité des autorités chinoises. À quoi les diplomates répliquent que, n'étant pas aveuglés par des intérêts privés, ils sont mieux à même de juger impartialement la situation ; que le gouvernement chinois doit compter avec l'opinion du pays hostile aux étrangers ; enfin qu'une nouvelle guerre avec la Chine, si même elle devait servir les intérêts de certaines industries, serait souverainement impopulaire en Europe. Une brochure récemment publiée à Bruxelles s'efforce de rétorquer ces arguments, en se faisant l'écho des plaintes et des griefs qui prévalent dans le public des ports. Affirmant que "partout dans les cercles commerciaux de la Chine, il y a un sentiment de méfiance contre le gouvernement chinois et un manque de confiance dans les légations diplomatiques", l'auteur accuse d'abord les autorités chinoises d'entraver, partout où elles le peuvent, le commerce des négociants étrangers ; à l'en croire, ce serait par suite d'un "mot d'ordre" que les négociants indigènes font une concurrence heureuse au commerce étranger et que les Chinois achètent de préférence chez leurs nationaux. Il est très probable que les autorités chinoises voient avec plaisir le commerce extérieur passer des mains des étrangers aux mains des indigènes. Mais jusqu'à quel point ce phénomène a-t-il besoin de prohibitions ou d'encouragements? Écoutons comment un juge impartial, qui nous semble bien plus près de la vérité, M. le baron de Hubner, explique la décadence du commerce étranger et l'extension de la concurrence indigène : "Parmi les nouveaux concurrents, les Allemands et les Chinois commencent à compter. Comme au Japon, comme dans les États pacifiques de l'Amérique du Nord, les Allemands l'emportent par leur frugalité, la simplicité de leurs mœurs, l'habitude de se concentrer sur leur travail." Aperçu de la situation en Chine (1861-1873). Bruxelles et Leipzig, Maison Muquardt (H. Merzbach). tenter de modestes profits. Mais les Chinois possèdent ces mêmes qualités à un plus haut degré. Naguère les marchandises anglaises apportées par des bâtiments anglais étaient consignées à des marchands en gros de la même nation; d’autres négociants anglais, soit à Shanghai, soit dans les petits ports, les débitaient en détail et les vendaient à des négociants indigènes qui les répandaient dans l’intérieur. L’article, avant d’arriver au consommateur, passait donc par trois mains. Aujourd’hui, dans les ports, les Chinois achètent de l’importateur même les marchandises dont ils ont besoin et les revendent directement au consommateur. Est-il nécessaire, après ces paroles, de recourir à l’hypothèse d’une intervention gouvernementale pour expliquer une évolution économique, qui répond sans doute aux secrets désirs des autorités chinoises, mais qui s’opère d’elle-même, par le libre jeu des intérêts en présence? Ou bien l’auteur voudrait-il par hasard, qu’après avoir fait une guerre pour obtenir la liberté du commerce sur le marché de la Chine, les puissances européennes en fassent une autre pour rétablir, — désormais à leur profit, — le monopole de ce marché? Ce serait, il faut l’avouer, étrangement appliquer ces doctrines du libre échange, ce droit au commerce • qui ont servi à justifier les expéditions précédentes, y compris la guerre de l’opium. La brochure conteste ensuite que dans sa résistance à l'introduction des étrangers, le gouvernement chinois n'ait la main forcée par la population. Faisant bon marché des massacres de Tien Ts'in en 1870, l'auteur soutient qu'il s'est produit une grande amélioration dans les rapports des indigènes avec les étrangers, depuis que les Chinois ont pu apprécier les produits de l'intelligence occidentale. Malheureusement il n'apporte aucune preuve à l'appui d'une assertion purement gratuite, qui semble contraire aux leçons de l'expérience comme à la logique du cœur humain. Ici encore écoutons M. de Hubner : "Les émigrés reviennent de Californie, d'Australie, de Singapour, plus Chinois, plus hostiles aux étrangers qu'ils ne l'étaient en s'y rendant... Les Chinois n'ont qu'un désir, celui de se soustraire aux obligations que les traités leur imposent et de préparer dans l'ombre l'expulsion des étrangers. Ce vœu, ce sentiment plus ou moins ardent, se trouve au cœur de tout Chinois." La brochure que nous analysons conclut que les traités de Tien Ts'in ont produit des résultats tout à l'avantage des Chinois même dans les choses qu'ils croient devoir porter atteinte à leurs intérêts ; que dès lors, les puissances européennes ont le droit de réclamer, en échange de ces avantages, l'ouverture complète de l'Empire au commerce de leurs nationaux, tout en maintenant ceux-ci dans leurs privilèges de territorialité judiciaire : "On a le droit de réclamer au gouvernement chinois la permission pour les étrangers de faire sur son territoire ce que ses sujets peuvent faire eux-mêmes dans les autres pays, de pouvoir circuler partout, de louer et d'acheter des terres et des maisons, de placer des capitaux dans les opérations minérales et commerciales dans les grands centres de l'intérieur, de naviguer sur les fleuves par bateaux à vapeur, comme on navigue déjà sur les côtes." Certes la Chine jouit d'un exécrable gouvernement, idéal de despotisme et de bureaucratie. G. D'A. LA RÉVOLUTION BELGE DE 1830. Lettre à M. de Bavai par Théodore Juste. Brochure in-8° de 21 pages. Bruxelles, C. Muquardt. Nous avons relevé, dans la dernière livraison de la Revue de Belgique, l'incredible prétention qu'avait M. De Bavay d'écrire pour la première fois l'Histoire de la Révolution belge de 1830. M. Théodore Juste prend à son tour la défense des écrivains qui se sont consacrés à cette tâche, et il y a non seulement intérêt, mais véritablement droit. Il a soin d'ailleurs d'effacer sa personnalité devant celle de MM. Van de Weyer, de Gréhache, Nothomb, Thonissen et tant d'autres que M. De Bavay semble oublier totalement. Cette lettre est écrite avec une verve que nous n'étions pas habitué à rencontrer chez M. Juste. Le ton en est agressif sans être mordant ou amer : l'auteur ne sort pas des limites de la plus parfaite convenance, mais son argumentation n'en a que plus de valeur. Il démontre nettement que l'œuvre de M. De Bavay renferme bien peu de choses nouvelles, et que précisément ce petit nombre d'idées, émises pour la première fois, sont sujettes à contention, sinon radicalement erronnées. Enfin il signale les innombrables lacunes que renferme l'œuvre de M. De Bavay, et lance vertement, avec bon sens et justice, la façon dédaigneuse et cavalière, dont y sont traités les auteurs de la Révolution. E. V. B. SCHOTTE ET SCHILLER, cours de littérature allemande fait à la Sorbonne, par A. Bossert. Paris, Hachette et co, 1873. L'époque était grande : Tout ce qu'il y avait d'intelligent en Europe suivait d'enthousiasme le mouvement donné par la littérature française du XVIIIe siècle, et cette fermentation générale préparait en France et légitimait d'avance au dehors la révolution de 1789. Un des plus remarquables effets de cette influence fut d'inspirer aux peuples qui l'acceptaient, l'indépendance des lettres, conséquence de la liberté de penser. L'esprit de l'Encyclopédie affranchissait les sociétés, ce n'était point pour tenir les littératures en tutelle. La coalition monarchique contre la France et les conquêtes de l'Empire augmentèrent ce sentiment d'indépendance, sans faire oublier aux grands esprits la reconnaissance envers le peuple initiateur, ni le devoir envers l'humanité. L'Allemagne surtout profita de cette influence et de cette expérience. Son grand siècle littéraire leur doit d'avoir été à la fois national et universel, nourri des bonnes traditions étrangères, fidèle au sol natal et largement cosmopolite. Après avoir consacré un premier volume à la littérature gérmanique du moyen-âge et un second aux précurseurs et aux contemporains de Goethe, M. Bossert aborde aujourd'hui les deux grands poètes de l'Allemagne : Goethe et Schiller. Cette étude pouvait prêter à des débats passionnés comme à des enthousiasmes lyriques. Le professeur y apporte une véritable tranquillité de jugement et le calme de l'impartialité. Il n'ignore rien, mais tout ce qu'il dit tend à caractériser ses poètes plutôt qu'à les louer et surtout qu'à les blâmer. Ce qu'il cherche, c'est un portrait exact et complet. Quand il peut leur emprunter un jugement sur eux-mêmes, il le fait sans malice, et il ne néglige rien pour nous les montrer, non tels que l'admiration pourrait les idéaliser, ou l'esprit de critique les réduire, mais tels qu'ils furent dans l'effort — 313 — d'un travail consciencieux. On dirait qu'il a pris pour règle cette idée d'un historien, qu'exagérer l'éloge des grands hommes est un affront à leur gloire. Il est au-dessus de tout esprit de parti ou d'école : car il sait et il dit que la seule critique légitime est celle qui a des formules assez vastes pour embrasser toutes les manifestations de l'esprit humain. Mais, même quand ce qu'il raconte arrive à l'émotion, touche au sublime, son style garde sa sérénité impartiale et c'est avec des récits sans enthousiasme qu'il laisse la vie ou les idées des postes nous arracher des cris ou des larmes d'admiration. Quand Goethe, salué par l'Allemagne comme un souverain, rencontra un écrivain plus jeune de dix ans, dont la gloire commençait à rivaliser avec la sienne, il existait entre eux assez de différences pour qu'ils devinssent des rivaux. Les deux poètes devinrent amis et ne eurent qu'une idée : se perfectionner l'un par l'autre dans un but commun, à la fois individuel, national, artistique et humanitaire, et devenir de plus en plus des hommes, des écrivains, des patriotes et des apôtres. Tous deux étaient revenus de ce qu'on appelait la littérature d'assaut; ils sentaient que la lutte, la polémique, le but actuel et politique défigure les œuvres d'art en leur donnant le cachet de l'heure qui passe; que le beau est par lui-même civilisateur et que la poésie atteint seulement son but lorsqu'elle élève le cœur et l'esprit du peuple : "Chasse de ses plaisirs le caprice, la frivolité, la rudesse, dit Schiller, et tu les banniras insensiblement de ses actions..." Aussi, Goethe avait la fièvre chaque fois qu'il pensait à Werther et Schiller avouait qu'il avait voulu "peindre les hommes deux ans avant d'en avoir vu un seul". Goethe était plus artiste, Schiller plus poète; quand le premier disséquait la nature pour y chercher le vrai et faisait de ses personnages "un reflet de lui-même", l'autre voyait le monde à travers un prisme et créait ses héros d'après le type de ses rêves. Tous deux tendaient à l'universalité, mais Goethe par les sciences naturelles, exactes comme son génie; Schiller par l'histoire, où il retrouvait son idéal. Partis de points opposés, ils se rencontrèrent à une époque de maturité, pour s'unir et s'aimer : le groupe statuaire qui les unit sur un même piédestal honore autant leur amitié que leur génie. Dès ce moment, commence pour eux cet échange de pensées et de sentiments qui les compléta l'un par l'autre, et dans lequel la familiarité du cœur et la franchise de l'esprit conserva toujours le ton sérieux et profond d'hommes qui sentent que la postérité recueillera leur correspondance. Ce que tous deux ont gagné à ce commerce, on peut en juger en voyant Schiller, rendu à la poésie, s'élever de ses premières pièces, jusqu'à ce chef-d'œuvre dont Goethe lui donna le sujet : Guillaume Tell en voyant Goethe retrouver une seconde jeunesse, en arriver à écrire Herman et Dorothée et ce Wilhelm Meister qui arracha à Schiller de nobles cris de virile amitié : "Les belles relations qui existent entre nous, me font un devoir sacré de confondre encore votre cause avec la mienne et c'est en réfléchissant, au fond de mon âme, comme dans un miroir fidèle, l'esprit qui vit sous l'enveloppe de ce roman, que je veux mériter, dans un sens plus élevé, le titre de votre ami." Lorsque, pendant l'hiver de 1804 à 1805, Schiller, sortant de maladie, se rendit chez Goethe malade, Voss raconte qu'ils se tenirent longtemps embrassés, et qu'ensuite, sans faire allusion à leur situation présente, ils parlèrent librement de leurs projets littéraires. Cette scène peint bien les belles relations, graves et supérieures, qui unissaient ces deux hommes de génie. Bien des œuvres des deux poètes sont restées inachevées ou sont incomplètes; d'autres n'ont pas la valeur qu'on attendrait du génie, ou ne sont que des poèmes au lieu de drames; d'autres, enfin, sont des œuvres de jeunesse, presque reniées par leur auteur, ou tombent, comme le second Faust, dans un symbolisme qui dépasse les limites lumineuses de l'art; mais ce qui reste à l'Allemagne, ce sont deux grands poètes, de grandes œuvres et plus que tout cela : un travail de civilisation par le beau que Schiller a si bien caractérisé et que tous deux ont poursuivi toute leur vie. Le développement de l'individu, qui assure le perfectionnement de la nation et de la société, le sentiment profond de la liberté et de la justice, l'harmonie générale composant le bien-être de tous par le devoir de chacun : telle est l'idée qui préside au travail de leur âge mûr et à laquelle ils doivent leurs plus belles inspirations. Cette idée fut mise à une forte épreuve par les conquêtes de l'Empire et par le soulèvement de l'Allemagne contre Napoléon. Schiller et Göethe s'étaient imprégnés du génie de la France, s'étaient inspirés de sa littérature, en avaient fait plusieurs traductions, avaient surtout ambitionné de profiter de ses enseignements et de suivre ses traditions de liberté. Tout jeune, Schiller avait écrit une ode à J.-J. Rousseau; plus tard, parlant de Don Carlos, il espère qu'on y reconnaîtra les principes de Montesquieu. Göethe devait son goût de la nature à Jean-Jacques, le plus bel éloge que l'on ait de Voltaire est sorti de sa plume, il traduisit des scènes du Menteur de Corneille, et le Neveu de Rameau de Diderot. Il serait facile, mais long, de rappeler tous ces points de contact et d'influence. Herder et Lessing n'aimaient point la France; Goethe et Schiller n'oublièrent jamais ce qu'ils devaient à l'impulsion à la littérature du XVIIIe siècle et à la révolution française. Lorsqu'on demanda à Goethe un chant de guerre, il s'y refusa d'abord pour des raisons artistiques : « Écrire au bivouac, lorsque l'on entendra la nuit, hennir les chevaux des avant-postes en ennemis, à la bonne heure ! » puis pour des raisons philosophiques : « Je ne haïssais pas les Français, quoique j'aie remercié Dieu de nous en avoir délivrés. Comment pouvais-je, moi, pour qui civilisation ou barbarie sont seules choses importantes en ce monde, haïr une nation qui compte parmi les plus civilisées de la terre et qui avait tant contribué à mon développement ? » La reconnaissance s'unit ici aux sentiments humanitaires. Schiller était mort alors, mais il n'y a aucun doute qu'il eût approuvé celui dont il voulait mériter l'amitié par les plus hautes qualités de l'esprit. Tel est le spectacle que nous présente M. Bossert. Si quelquefois sa critique a des ménagements involontaires ou des lacunes inévitables dans un cours public; s'il lui arrive, comme dans ce livre, d'effleurer le sujet et de faire regretter qu'il ne s'y arrête pas plus longtemps, dans aucune occasion, son impartialité ne se dément, sa conscience ne fléchit; il a promis, s'il lui arrivait de devoir pencher une balance si difficile à tenir exacte, de la faire pencher du côté du pays dont il parle et non du pays pour lequel il écrit, et il a tenu parole. S'il existe des admirateurs qui feraient volontiers de Goethe et de Schiller des dieux, le professeur nous les montre dans la simplicité de l'étude et du travail, avec leurs hésitations et leurs recherches, avec le noble aveu des difficultés qu'ils éprouvent ou des imitations qu'ils essayent, en un mot, avec tout ce qui caractérise l'homme, mais aussi avec tout ce qui l'honore. L'homme de génie et de caractère ne désire, n'admet pas d'autre jugement. Il est toujours assez curieux de voir comment à l'étranger on apprécie la littérature d'un pays. Voilà ce qui nous engage à dire ici quelques mots de l'histoire de la littérature française depuis son origine jusqu'à nos jours, de M. Ereyssig, directeur des écoles de la Société polytechnique à Francfort sur le Mein. Cet ouvrage, publié pour la première fois en 1851, en est aujourd'hui à sa quatrième édition; c'est déjà là un titre de recommandation qui n'est pas sans valeur. Il est destiné principalement aux élèves des premières classes des Realschule (ce qui correspond jusqu'à un certain point aux sections professionnelles de nos athénées); mais il peut en outre servir de manuel à un public moins restreint; car il entre dans assez de détails pour fournir des notions abondantes sur le sujet qu'il traite et présenter un tableau intéressant et animé. L'auteur, après une introduction générale historique sur le peuple français et sa langue, aborde successivement la littérature provençale et celle du nord de la France. Le chapitre suivant est consacré aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles, c'est à dire au moyen-âge. Avec les XIVe et XVe siècles, nous assistons à la décadence du moyen âge et aux premiers efforts de l'esprit moderne. Le XVIe siècle nous jette en plein dans l'époque de la réforme et de la renaissance. Le XVIIe siècle signale l'époque classique et autoritaire de la littérature française. Avec le XVIIIe siècle s'ouvre l'ère philosophique et enfin avec le XIXe, la lutte des classiques et des romantiques laisse entrevoir de nouveaux horizons. L'auteur nous conduit ainsi jusqu'aux écrivains contemporains. Chaque époque principale débute par un coup d'œil d'ensemble, où l'histoire littéraire se rattache à l'histoire générale et est caractérisée dans ses principaux linéaments. Après quoi viennent les détails biographiques et littéraires sur chaque écrivain en particulier, rangé dans la spécialité à laquelle il appartient, soit pour la totalité, soit pour une partie de ses travaux. Parfois l'auteur cite des fragments des auteurs qu'il mentionne. Son livre se recommande ainsi par l'ordre et la méthode et de plus il nous semble conçu dans un esprit large et impartial. Les appréciations qu'il donne des écrivains français de notre époque comme des époques précédentes peuvent en fournir la preuve. On n'a qu'à les parcourir pour s'assurer que l'auteur cherche à leur rendre justice en toute occasion. Au total, le livre de M. Ereyssig est un travail utile et recommandable et peut-être sa lecture serait-elle non moins profitable chez nous qu'en Allemagne, F. V. M. A. p. iARTIAL. Nouveau traité de la gravure à l'eau-forte pour les peintres et les dessinateurs. Paris, A. Cadart, 1873. Depuis quelques années la gravure à l'eau-forte jouit d'une faveur nouvelle, les artistes ont repris un procédé qui leur permet de se passer de l'interprétation d'un graveur et de fixer directement sur le cuivre, une ébauche, un croquis aussi bien qu'une œuvre étudiée et achevée. Il s'est formé des sociétés d'aquafortistes, les amateurs ont pris part à l'engouement général et les dames elles-mêmes n'ont pas craint d'exposer leurs doigts effilés aux morsures de l'acide azotique. Un traité enseignant d'une façon pratique le procédé à l'eau forte est donc le bienvenu en ce moment, surtout s'il est comme celui de M. Martial, simple et clair. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'revuedebelgique04unkngoog_15', 'collection': 'French-PD-diverse', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1873.0', 'title': 'Revue de Belgique', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'French', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '6955', 'token_count': '10445', '__index_level_0__': '19987', 'original_id': 'd95a02cce8fb64b4a974ef475df6bc541c51f5fecfc5cf03c0eb0f1d23d3f14a'} |
Thursday, June 8, 2017
Ford Taunus: The First Generation
As this Wikipedia entry mentions, Ford's German subsidiary introduced "a mid-size car intended to slot into the range between the little Ford Eifel and the company’s big V8 models." Moreover, "It was the first car developed at Cologne by Ford Germany which previously had built cars originated by Ford businesses in the US or the UK." Production began at the end of April 1939 and it was first exhibited in June. Germany invaded Poland on 1 September, so Ford's timing was unfortunate.
Unlike the USA, wartime civilian automobile production was not quickly halted in Germany. Taunus cars were built as late as February 1942.
Production resumed a few years after the war with a slightly changed version. Model identifiers for this first generation of Taunus cars were G93A (1939-1942), and G73A (1948-1952). A redesigned Taunus line appeared in 1952.
Wikipedia asserts that the Taunus was developed in Köln, but styling was adapted from Ford's 1939 De Luxe Tudor models that, in turn, were facelifts of a body introduced for the 1938 model year.
A 1939 Taunus.
Here is a 1939 Ford De Luxe Tudor. It is larger than the Taunus in virtually all respects, so the Taunus can be considered a shrunken '39 Ford. Aside from altered proportions and size, salient differences are the Taunus' lack of flat running boards and its use of rear-hinged "suicide" doors. Oh yes ... and the grille bars are not vertical.
Rear 3/4 view of a '39 Taunus.
This is a postwar Taunus. Changes I note are new grille bars and the addition of a turn signal wand just aft of the door.
A later postwar Taunus. It features a different bumper, and more chrome trim on the sides and framing the windshield. Linking the fenders is something that might be either a sheet metal strip or a partly enclosed running board.
Chris said...
A lot of European manufacturers had trouble translating late pre-war/early post war US shapes into something the right size for their market, but 40s and 50s German Fords are some of the ugliest cars ever made.
emjayay said...
The body of the Taunus is clearly wider in relation to the track than the US Ford. Doesn't show much in front where the body narrows, but look at the rear fenders which are very flat, much more so than any US car of the time. This must have intruded on the width of the back seat, which in prewar designs was still between the rear wheels. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9696344137191772}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '96488', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2YOXFI7MVEG2YRME56IYTBC7AFOB5XXU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d02818d1-029d-43ee-9170-6fe281266e21>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 21, 10, 7, 25), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.5.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:U53OAGRUFHG4O25MQJDW3ELZHJNBA5X6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:56780ccf-fec1-417f-8960-2b1c8fe82fa8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://carstylecritic.blogspot.nl/2017/06/ford-taunus-first-generation.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9119e546-2b5b-4d5d-83c3-896b0dfe1808>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '406', 'url': 'http://carstylecritic.blogspot.nl/2017/06/ford-taunus-first-generation.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-182-90-21.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03143119812011719', 'original_id': '7dcfed01f27acbd1571a0d2b96dc8a3524daa69d8d4f70d23adef259d2048ec5'} |
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Sic citati Do&ores , Sc rtbH itti probabihtcr»ficition pttefafus bullx loqueretur de quibufcunq; im- pedientibus,etiam a«<3oritate priuatarcum tamen Bonac.fy.D.x.q. ij.p.i. WfJW.y.exNau.SUatezGraflf, Dnardo.Filiiuc. & Alterie contra aliquot «lios probabiliter dicat pofle fuftiucri fub difto canone, comprehendi fo- Jum impedientes audoritate publica : quippe qui continuari videtur cuin praecedenti canone, in qUo tarttUm eft fermo de perforas publicam aUdto- ritatem laicamtxcrtentibus. 19 Verum tamen eff , quod, quamuis moniales in cafu propofico effugiant excommunicationem contentam in bulla ccfcn* j (i dodtrinam hanc Bona-* cinrtaiiqilam probabiliorem <equirilitr(ficQt Icqui debe musicum fimus in materia potnalbqu* non debet ampliari, Icd rcftringi)non tamen effugient excommunicationem latam i <\Clem. attendentes deflatu monac. his verbis : Si qui ircro viftt itores ipfos( ideff rtton ia 1 iu m^ in pft miffis impedire prafumpfe- rit,fcH al iqtio pr/em i florum ,nifi moniti Yefiptfcant, ipsb fafilb excommunicationis fentcnriam fe noiterint incHrfaosjpriuitrgijs, flaturis , & Confuetudinibus quibttfr- cnnqi in amtrarfm niimrftd Mduris. Ex quibus condat hanc excommuni- cationem effe quidem lata? fenttuti* ( colligitur ex clanfula rpri faSo ) n0« tamen refefnatam;cum i i textu nulla fiat mentio re(eruatiohis:immb nec incurri , nifi impedientes vlfitatiortom moni alium prius legitime mo- neantur eo modo, quo explicabimus infra cap. i o.Jeft.i .fubj. ].q.i i. QVALUES XII. Qudm excommunicationem incurrant moniflles cogendo Iheminam ad ingrediendum religionem , aut illam retrahendo ab illa. ^ 10 j£. Incurrere excommunicationem ipso fa^td latam in Cone. Trid. feffi, ly de nztrl.c. 1 8. non tam m referuatam Papx, vt aduertimus cap. i. feB.i. q.u). vbi lat^ offendimus in quibus cd fibras, & potquas aftiones incurratur prxfem excommunicatio. • <^y AERES XIII. Cui excommunicationi fubiaceant monialej , fi habitum religiofum dimittant,, St qux feqtfiraftfuf ad illam mcurtendanj. 2i jf/. Subijci excommunicationi latx in cap. 'vt peiricnlofA nc clpr.vcl most. in 6. non tamen rcfcni.it* : quamuis aliis ipso faftb inctirraturdi monialif / fUmit- 284 39* pracipuis Moni alium panis. dimittens habitum fit profefla, fi habitus, qui dimittitur, fit proprius illius religionis ,fi dimiflio fit temerariafideft fine caufa rationabili)talifo; vt at- tentis prxfentibus circumfta ti js iudicio prudentis cenfetur apta ad vagan- dum. Colligitur cx Sanch.1.6. mor.c. 8. num.3 8. & patebit ex didis in tra(L de pcenis c.z. jctt.} .q 3 .Moneo hic folum quod,quamuis in iure relato ad in- currendam iftam excommunicationem videatur requiri* vt dimittatur ha- bitus,& fimul vacetur ftudio phy ficz,aut legum fine Superioris licentia , vt colligitur ex verbis illisiS/ quis horum temerarius violator extiterit, excommu- nicat tonis incurrat fcntcntiam(qax duo ciim regulariter non poifint fimul ca- dere in moniales, confcquentcr dicendum videtur in eas non pofle cadere iftam cenfuram) re vera tamen communis DD. fententia , tefte Suar.fup, D. 2 3 .fefl. 4. num.z6. cum Glofta habet ad incurrendam iftam excommuni- cationem fufticere , quod religiofus temere dimittat habitum ('quod vtiq; cadere poteft in monialem)ficq; verba illa:S/ quis horum violator temerarius extiterityCami debent difiundiue ; ca(u plurali adhibito pro fingulari , ficut i\otxuitBonac.fup.D.z.q.S.p.6.num.^ x. QVALRES XIV. Qua excommunicatione afficiantur moniales non feruando interdidum,aut certationem a diuiuis alias oblcruanda iux- ta Clcm.i.dc fent.excommunic.in 6. s 1 9^. Affici excommunicatione contenta in diSa Clem.&c quidem ipso fa- do ; non tamen referuata ; cum dc referuationc talis excommunicationis nullibi fiat mentio,& alioqui releruatio tanquam odiofa debeat quam ma- xime vitari : intellige,fi interdidum fit generale, latum audoritate pontifi- cia,& feruetur ab Ecclefia matrice,(eu parochiali,conftetq; de hoc monia- libus : hx enim omnes conditiones fupponunmr in citata Clem. Quamuis ^Auila p. 5 .de Cenfur. D. 5 .d.j. notet Regulares violantes interdidum , quod ipfis conftet elTe legitimum, affici pcenis latis cSn.de exccff.prplat. c. autbor. c. epifc.de priutl.in 6. etfi illud non obferuetur a matrice. - QV AE RES XV. Qua: excommunicatio iure communi impofita fit ■contra moniales indebite fibi vfurpantes decimas , carumue folutionem impedientes. »3 fg. Impofitam efle excommunicationem latam in Clem.t.de decimis, in- currenda m quidem ipso fadd( quamuis non ftatim,vrmox fubijciam)noa tamen referuatam . conftat ex citata Clem. in qua exprefse habetur iftam excommunicationem non incurri ftatim, ac religiofi fecerunt aliquam ex adionibus ibi prohibitis , fcd folum poft duos menfes , fi decimas vfurpa- tunt,& intra tale tempus non exhibent debitam fatisfadioneru.-poft vnum vero mcnlem, fi decimas prohibuerunt, aut non penniferum folui, & intra tale tempus poft monitionem de hac re ipfis fadam non fatisfaciunt. Qua de re i ate Bonae, fup. q.S.p.i z. monens num. 8. in fpecie etiam moniales fu- bijei prarfenti excommunicationi, fi aliquam faciant ex actionibus fub ea prohibitis,* qua funt appropriare fibi noualia, vfurpare decimas , non per-, mittere* Caput VI 1 J, tS f -inittere > aut etiam prohibere , ne foluantur . dixi non tamen rejeruatam exr prafse , vt inuerem eam virtualiter referuari hoc ipso quod non poteft tolli perabfolutionem,nifi prxftita debita fotisfodione. QV ARES XVI. Qua: excommunicatio contrahatur i monia- libus poli religiofom profeflionem matrimonium de fodo contrahen- tibus. 24 1£. Contrahi excommunicationem ipso fodo latam in Clem. 1. de <• on - fangu. & rfinit. non tamen referuatam : idq; fiuc illud confumment > fine non;conftatex didis in traH.dc panis vbi Jitp.q. 10.& habetur exprefse in ci- tata CLetru ijs verbis necnon rehgiofos,<&' monialej9ac clericos in [acris ordinibus conjlitutos matrimonia contrahentes refranarc metu poena ab biufmodi eorum temeritatis audacia cupientes , ipfos excommunicationis jentent i a ipso fatid de- cernimus (ubi ac ere* Addo moniales matrimonium contrahentes fieri bigamas ex cap* quot - xpiot 27.4. 1 Xicq;Glojfai&- ^Avcbidiaconus ibi dicunt illas eo ipso fieri inhabi- les ad gradus,ad quos Moniales virgines afliimuntur.. Q y AE RES XVII. Qua: excommunicatio ftatuta Et contra mo- niales abfq; licentia Papa: nouamonafleria admittentes, aut iam recepta alienantes. 5 Jure communi ftatatam efle excommunicationem ,ipso quidem fa- dd iiKurrendain,iion tamen referuatam,qu* extat cap.vnJde cxccjf.pralar, in 6 . quanqium ea incurratur folrim -a mooiaJibus Ordinum mendican- tium, vtpote Im folum contra Religiofos mendicantes ; ficutdicemus in traH.de panis fupra q.i i.vbi agemus dchac re cxprofefibomoncntcsjfuppQ- fitis pritiilegijspoffea conceflisRcguIarihLis>hiiiufmodi excommunicatio- nem fiiHTe abolitam nuo ad non recipienda noua loca fine licentia Pap«* ficq;ampliik eam non contrahi, fi -abf<p dida licentia Pap* nifi prafotis primlegijs noua loca recipiant. 36 Vrbanus certe VIII. infita Conjl itut. 25. in ordine omnium Ordinum# etiam mendicantium Superioribus, cxterifqjperfonis ,ad<juos ^pedat , in virtutefondarobedientuejae fub pcenapriuationis vocis adiuse, &.pafliua: » necnoa officiorum quorumcunqj.ac inhabilitatis ad illa,& alia in foturum obtinenda., necnon etiam excommunicationis ipso fodo incurrendis poe- nis prahibet>ne licentiarum, leufacultatum abfpfomimillatamm^iucquo- *iis alio praetextu ,vel caufo, etiam quawtumuks priuilegiata , noua mo- naffenia -, ac alia Jocaxtegularia , nifi de exprefla Ordinariorum licen- tia , ac feruata in omnibus , per omnia (aerarum Cauonum , & Concilij Tridcnt. nccnon Conftitutionis dementis VI IL quae inci- pit Quoniam ad iujlitiam , ac decretonim /de mandato eiufdem Cie- :mentis;necnonGregorij XV. de fuper editorum forma recipere, erigere, fiindare, feu alias quomodolibet infiituere, feu incapta finire abfoluete .audeant. .. ; <£VAE - * 2 8 6 * ~D e pnrcipuis SWoniaiittwpse nir. f\V AH RES XVII I. Qn# «communicatio isirc commuai inda- &a fic contra moniales alienantes bona inona Acri j prohibita alienari. 27 Jjtr. Inductam fuilla excommunicationem eo ipso iucarrcndain, non tamen referuatam >vr conflat es bulla Pauli 1 1. lAmbuiofa in qua ferrur talis excommunicatio bis verbis: Et tam qui alienant, quam is alienatas tes,cjr bona pradida recepi rit,.fcnttntiam excommunicationis incurrant . Cer- tum eft autcin quod , cii n iila excommunicatio lata fiteontra quafcunqe perfonas eodcfiafHcas alienantes bona eccleliuiUca prohibita alienari ; ac alias moniales vere, ac proprie fint perfona? eeclefiafticirretiam ipfie fub ea. comprxhendunturJicq; illam incurrent, fide bonis immobilibus comma--, nibns monallerij , a nt etiam priuato ipfarum vfbi conceflis indebite alie- nentjled de hoc plura Bonae. D.i. de cenfur.in partte. q.^.p.i r. QVAiiKES XIX. Qaam excommunicationem incurrant monia-i les, fi vocate ad dirigendas ipfas moniales in eledfctonibiis ,.non abliineant ab ijs,er quibus oriri poflunt difeordiasaut oneonoertri circa electiones- , z8 R’. Ipso facio incurrere excommunicationem latam in cxp.ir.drmfutae:-. busde eh fl. in 6. fed non rderuatam ; vt colligitur cx tenore textus , qui lic habet , 'Poflrcmb Ih , quos ad dirigendas w buinfmodiclcdinmbusmoniales enf-. dem deinceps ccm ingerit eyocan,ab bis prorfus abfiineant,qua inter casfnpsr fa- ciendis ipfis cli (lienibus onr pi jjic difcordia,vcl exorta tuitrin rallis cis ipso ex- - : communicationis fen te titia fe noucrint Jubtacerc. Vbi notat Eonac.fup.q.z.p.y^ »«»».4. dilpoficionem. huius iuris procedere , non folum JVxlatis cx oiEcio. intereflentibus d ictis clc& ion ibus, ’fiuc id faciant cx poteiiate ordinaria, fi- ne delegata (TTquidcm bi pofltuitdici vocati ad dirigendas moniales- it* eledtionibus , prout fiipponitur in textu ) fcd in alijs omnibus tam viris quam feminis, atq; adeo ia ipfis etiam monialibus, qua; forte modo dictos suoccntur ad-dirigendas moniales Conucntns ina-liqua electione ; fi qui- dem textus loquitur generaliter ; lex autem generaliter loquens genera ifc- tCrdebet intclligi. QV AER ES XX. Qux excommunicatio iure communi inducta fic contra moniales propria (ibi nidificantes receptacula, & priuata domicilia in quibus fub bofpitalita-ris prartextupaflim aduersus iacros canones fu- ■fcipiant hofpites,& miniis rcligiofos. 3 9 $2« Indtidanvefle excommunicationem, non tamen lati fcntentnr , fed 'fcrendam;vtcofI igitur cx 1 8.^.3 . cap.pcrniciofam » vbi fertur illa excommm- nicatio fub his verbis, hoc tam tnboneflum >dcteflaodumq, fiagitmm ntvltertur fiatyomnimodis prohibemus ,&}ub pana anathematis interdicimus . Vbi no- tandam fub prselenti cenfura non prohiberi praecise habitacula lingularia ■monialhimded in ordine ad ibi non excipiendas perfonas minus honeftas ; forte quia tunc non extabat obligatio claufunc. QJ/ AER ES XXI. Sub qua excommunicatione prohibeantur mo niaies aliquid recipere cx bonis Nouitia: , quam admittunt ad probatio- nem> Digitized by C,ooglc ' 'Caput VI! 7. 2*7. nem, fnpra Vidui», ac veEitum ,& iubeantur ei ante profeifionci» abetm- ti refHtuere omnia, quar fua erant* 30 yz. Et illud prohiberi-, 8t hoc pnecipi fub pcena excommunicationi# fi* rendarjvt coni Ut ex Concilio Trid.fcjf.15 . de rcguLc.i 6, quod ita habet«^M« potius prxctpit. S . Synodus fub anathematis poena dantibus , &• recipientibus , nt hoc vllo modo jiat , &■ W abeuntibus anteprofeffionem omnia rejh tuantur , qua fit* erant.q ua de fe Teyrin.de R.S. q.i .c.zg.Lc^ana to.i.c.%^.num.^ u&Tam- hur. D.6. de iurc ^ibbatffl. q. 4. num.$. ibi monens ex Naldo , 6c Galleto no» folum reddenda dfc omnia bona nouitiar , l i ea recedat a monaiierio > fcd etiam in cafu, quo ilia moriatur; niii Torto» cilm iit fui iuris » aliter de didis bonis difponat ante mortem. . QVAERES &XII. Quam incurrant excommunicationem m»- niales»fi vacent negotiationi iure comuni prohibitar perfonis eccleEaEicis. ,$ t 9?. Incurrere excommunicationem, non tamen ipso fido , fed per fen- tentiam iudicis; & hoc cx cap.fecundum ne der. vel mon . quod Ec habet* Se- 4 eundum infututa prxdecefforum no sirorum fub interminatione anathematis pro- . hibernus, ne monachi; vel clerici caufa lucri negotientur ; quanquaui , cum ver- bum negotiatio > indicet frequentiam aduum , non poifint moniaies,, aiijq; jEcciefiaEici dici fubiaccrc praefatar cenfur£,fi femeharq; iterum tantum ne- ^otientur,fcckifo ican<lalo,paruitate materi* Ec excuiante. Immo Tabic- na , Armil. Aragon. Salon. Mcdin. Moli. Rebeil* & Leff. quos citat FiUiuc- trail.} fequitur Salaserdilat.dc etnpt.& vcnd.d.i~num.$. jmtaur iure a!legato,& Emilibus folum prohiberi negotiationem in propriaperfo- r a,ideoq; non incurri poenas latas contra negotiantes , fi clericus, aut rdi- giofus negotictur per alios, cti.n Ecceflct ratio prohibitionis, npmpc diEra- ctio,ac periculum peccandi; quod tamen non admittit TilUuc.mim.% 6. nifi intcruenjat m&a aliqua exculado, paupertatis v.g. aut neceificatiss cum etiam in negotiatione fada per alium intercedat aliqua indecentia ratio- Tie Earus, alias folum cxcufanda ex aliqua didarum caularum. .3* Addunt DD. perfonas ecckfiaEicas, & conlequenter moniaies , E va~ ccnt illicitE.negotiationi^mitterepriuilegium immunitatis aboneribus in fe, & in bonis proprijs; exemptionem (cilicet a tributis, &: gabcllis^ idq; ex cap.jin. de vit.&hon. cler . quod tamen non habet locum , mE poE trinam monitionem, vtbeneaduertit Sylu.v. clericus.^q.^M folum quamcliu non deEEituri negotiatioaejEcq: priuilegium did* immanitatis recuperatur Eatim ac deEEitur a negotiationc;prouc beue colligunt DD. ex verbis illis dum ijs fe implicant^ x funtin iure citato- 33 Neqjcxeoqubdaura prohibentia negotiationem ecciefiaEicis folum loquuntur de clericis, aut monachis, non fada mentione de monialibns, h* excluduntur a didis juribus** Ii quideiii noncE nouum fer mininum includi fub mafculino,ctiara in odiofis,ac penalibus,Ecut oEendimus q. 1 .& multis alijs in locis. QV AE: v N l f g ’ De prxclpuis JMonLlium px»h. QV ^.RES XXIII. An moniales fe inuiccra percutientes incur- rant excommunicationem ,& quam. • ■» 34 R». Incurrefe illam , qui lata cfl in cap.ft quis fuadente diabolo 17 .4.4. cum moniales in citato cap. veniant nomine monachi, vt fnpponitur in cap. 'de mdniahbns de fent. excommtlnic. idq; fiue lint profeflre , fiue nouitiar , fiue cOnuctfjc.vt inter alios notat Suar.D. 2 1 . de cenfur. feQ. 1 . num. 1 9. Incurrent autem hanc excommunicationem moniales ,fi per vim aliquid eripiant-d manibus alterius monialis , fi iniuriose illam detineant iu loco aliquo clau- fo:fi percutiant, aut violentiam faciant rei adherenti ipfi(v.£. lacerando vellem) fi in eam proijciant Iapidem, librum, aut aliquid aliud-fi illam im* pellant:fi venenum propinent, & venenum operari incipiat, fi eam iniuriose infequantur , ficq; cogant illam fc prxeipitem date in locum aliquem pro- fundum fi in eam confpuant , auc lutum , vel aliquid aliud fordidum proij- ciant; in hisanquam, cafibus, & alijs fimilibus incurrent exconimunicatio- riem,fi a cius, quem exercent aducrsds monialem,fit violentus, iniuriofus, ac extrinfece mortalis . Non item , fi in monialem folum verba iniuriofa efi- fundant;fi per metum abfq; vi, aut caftu eam cogant exire ab aliquo loco.-fi percutiant ad iuitam defenfionem cum debito moderamine, vel adeorre- uioncmifi ex bono zelo ab Ecclefiu illam eijcian t>ed quod alias perturbet: fi percutiant ex ioco:in his enim & alijs cafibus non incurrunt, ita commu- niter DD. quorum aliqui putant monialem fe percutientein iniuriose af- fici hac cxcommunicationeralij negant, & non improbabiliter, vt notat Bo- nac.D.z.de cenfur. in comm.q.^.p.i.num.4. Addo iuxta Caictanum v. excommunicatio c.io. monialem, qux potio- ne, aut fcifiione ven$ procurat proprium abortum, 11011 incurrere hanc ex- communicationem : eo quod talis inie&io manus in le ipfam comparatio- ne fui non fic iniuriofa, nec violenta, nec contuinefiofa: (iquidem volenti, & coidentienti non fit iniuria) immo nec iniuriofa /latui ecclejiaflico, fubdit Ca- ictanus : quod tamen negant alij DD. ideoq; fullir.cnt probabilius mo- nialcm in propofito cafu affici hac excommunicatione. Cum Caittano fen- tiunt Bcllochius Capcamila,TYla’^ucbellus,Auila,Bonac.& Mph.de Leone relati d Diana pq.traU.}.rcfol.qo. Quam autem excommunicationem incurrant moniales violando clau- furam , conflat ex diftis cap . 5 . fe£l. 1 .q. 1 o. Vtnim vero fubiaccant excom- municationi latx a Pio V. contra intereflentes agitationi taurorum , ali- ■ qui affirmant , alij probabilius negant ; vt videre ell pcbnes Bonacinam D. 1. dc cenfur. in partic.q. 5 .p. 7. num. 1 o. De fufpenfionibus latis contra Moniales, 35 qF / penduntur ab omni a&u capitulari, fi ex pallo, & capit ularitcr aliquid re~ O cipiant pro profe/fttne , Sufpcn- . Caput VII 1, i T 289 3 6 S "(penduntur db officio ad arbitrium Ordinarij , fi fint jlbbatiffd , &• eum non prxmoneant de profeffione facienda a nouitia. 3 7 Sufpenduntur ab officio ,fi ad certum tempus bona Comcntus alteri concedant , . prtfidtntes monafierio. 38 Sufpenduntur d receptione religio farum in eodem Ordine Ji admittant ad profef- Jionem,nondum finito anno probationis. 39 Ligdt hac fufpenfio , etiam tn cafu , quo monialis tranfcatad alium Conuentum ciufdem Ordinis,non item, fi ad Conuentum alterius religionis. ■ • 1 QVAERES XXIV. An moniales incurrant fufpenfionem latam in Extrauag.fane defimon. fi in nouitiarum receptione dircde,aut indi- recte dent, petant, aut recipiant prandia, ccenas, pecunias,iocaiia, & fimi» lia, fiue ante,fiue poft. 3 J !•£. Incurrere* & patet, quia ese in citata Extrauagante exprimuntur, & alias habent iurifdiCtionem petitam ad accipiedam aliquam in monialem (de qua acceptione ibi eft fermo) fiue talis iurifdiCtio fit proprie talis (qua: non cadit inmoniaics ) fiue folum improprie , ficut re vera eit , de qua fu- fpenfione confulantur didafuperhis in hoc ipfoc.q. 10. ,. QViERES XXV. Quain fufpenfionem contrahat monialis Abba- riffa ,-fi ante menfem certiorem non faciat Ordinarium foci de profeffione ► facienda d nouitia degente.in fuo monafierio. 3 6 $t. Incurrere fuipenfionem ab officio ad arbitrium Epifcopi, cuius in- tererat admoneri, eamq; latam in Conc.Trid.fe(j.i$ .de regul.c. 1 7. his verbis: Cuius profeffionis tempus, ne Epifcopus ignoret , teneatur Trxfcfta monaflerij cum ante menfem certiorem facere-.quadfi TrpfcEla certiorem Epifcopum non fecerit, quamdiu Epifcopo videbitur, ab officio fufpenfa fit ; quod ell dicere huiufmodi fulpcnfionptn effe rcleruacam ad arbitrium Epifcopi. Verum tamen ell, quod fi PrsefeCtx monaflerij certo conflaret Epifcopum optime recordari nouitiam po/l menfem profelluram efle:tunc prsedi&a Praefe&a non tene- retur illum dc hoc monere ; cum fic ceflet finis legis, & alioqui nulla lex obliget ad adum inutilem. , QV AL R ES XXVI. Qua fufpenfione afficiantur moniales , fi prae- fidentes monafierio alicui , concedant alicui iura redditus, aut pofleffio- nes ipfius monaflerij ad vitam dantis , aut recipientis , vel ad aliud certum tempus. 37 Ip. Affici fufpenfione lata in Clt m.i. de reb.Eccl.nonalien. qua: eft fu- fpenfio ab officio (non tamen referuata ) quanquam ea non incurratur, fi dida bona concedant ratione necelfi tatis , aut vtilitatis ipfiufmet mona- flerij : in quo cafu debet extorquere confenfum fiue Capituli , fiue proprij Prarlati . Colligitur ex citata Clcm. quae fic habet : Ne quis religiofus mona- fierio , prioratui , Ecclefix , feu adminiflrationi cuiuis prtefidens iura , redditus , aut poffeffmes eiufdem alicui ad vitam eius , feu aliud certum tempus , pecunia T etiam \ 1 9o "De prtcipuh fMonialtum panis. etiam inde receptaufuouis modo concedat jiifi neceffitas, aut vtilitas monaflerij, «£rc. hoc cxpofcat, Conucntus fui , aut, fi tomentum non habeat, Trxlatt propiq ajfenfu ad hoc nihilominus accedente .fi quis autem contra hoc fecerit, ponam Ju- fpcnfioms ab officio eo ipso incurrat , nec ex conceffione tpfius recipienti ius ali- quod acquiratur. Circa quem testam notat Bonae. fup.D.j.q.S.p.q.n.6. quod, uim loquatur generaliterdicens ne qws religiofns , & talis forma Joqucndi comprehendat oitines religiofos tam mares , qudm feminas ; huiufmodi P|iia extenditur ad religiofos vtriufq; fexus,8c confequentcr etiam ad mo- niales.-prxfcrtim cum materia, quz fub tali p?na prohibetur, fit communis etiam moniahbus. Vnde quis beifo inferat, qudd, dum ifta fufpenfio diditur fufpendere ab officio ; nomine offici) non renit foltim officiam ordinis , ac iurifdifctionis proprii di dtst ( quar non poflimt cadere in feminam ) fed ali- quid latius, prout fcilicet etiam comprehendit munus Abbatiffie .-aliis va- na , ac inutilis cflfet ifta fufpenfio rcfpe&u femine : in quam tamen docet Bonae, eam pofle cadere; cum alioqui cenfeat hic nomine offici) intelligi tam officium ordinis, qudm iurifdidionis. QV AERES XXVII. Quam fufpenfionem incurrant monia/es , Ii ad profeffionem admittant aliquam nouitiam, nondum expleto anno pro- bationis. 3$ 9?. Incurrere fufpenfionem d receptione religioforum in eodem Ordi- ne (non tamen teferuatam) fimoniales fint ex Ordine Mendicantium ; de his quippe tantum loquitur cap. non fotum de reguL m 6. vbi fertur ifta iufpenlio his verbis : Quod fi forti contra hanc noftram prohibitionem quem- quam recipere pra fumpferitis , decernimus eunt , qui taliter receptus fuerit , nui - latenus vcflro effe Ordini alligatum : vofit; d receptione quorumlibet ad profef- fionem emfdcni Ordinis fore ipso fallo 'fujpcnfos , & infuper perna fubijciendos , qua Fratribus ipfius Ordinis pro culpis Infligi grauioribus confneuit . ka in ter- minis Bottacinc par. 5. num. 1 3. contra alios oppofitum fentientes apud Syl- ueflrumv, religio,}. quafl.^.Be patet ex ipfo textu ; fi aduertero huiufinodi fufpenfionem incurri ipso fa£to , vt aperte colligitur ex verbis illis ipsd fa- (16 fufpcnfos ; non ligare tamen , nifi intra eundem Ordinem , vtconftabit ex dicendis , §.fcquenti. Notat autem Bon acina num. 14. huiufmodi fu- fpenfionem incurri non foltim ab ijs religiofis , qui primo concurrunt ad aliquem recipiendum ad profeffionem , fed etiam ab ijs , qui dant fuum fuffragium poft prxfticum numerum fufficientem iuftragiorum s ciim hi vere dicantur recipere: quod fbrt£ non admitterent DD. relati d Diana par. 1 . traft.j.refol. 1 6. fuftinentes concurrentem fuo fuffragio ad damnum alterius iniufte illatum , poftquam fufficiens numerus fuffragiortim prar- ftitus qft , non teneri ad reuitutionem , cum non peflit dici concurrere ad prxfatum damnum iam plene per alios illatum.-parenim ratio procedit in noftro cafu. Quod fi quxras, an difpofitio iuris procedat in cafu, quo monijlis. exmo- Caput PI 11. 2S>t tx monafterio propri; Ordinis legitima poteftate tranfiret ad gubernan- dum aliud monafterium,fiuetiufdem, Huc alterius Ordinis. J9 Diftinguendo,'vel monia lis tranfit ad gubernandum aliud monafte- rium eiufdcrn fui Ordinis : & fic puto praefatam difpofitionem procedere ; cum tunc verificentur verba ipfius difpofitionisjviaelicetjtw/f ; d receptione quorumlibet ad profejfionem eiufdcrn Ordinis fore ipsi fafto fufpenfos , ficq; fub- fiftatdilpofitio; vel tranfic ad gubernandum aliud monafierium alterius Ordinis.-fic fic non procedit dida difpofitio; cum in tali cafu non verificen- tur verba dilpofitionis modo adduda, 6c alioqui verfemur in materia poe- nali , qua* iuxta communem Dodorum fententiaro d nobis farpius repeti- tam non debet extendi vitra rigorofam verborum proprietatem. De Interdicis iure communi latis contra Moniales. 40 T Ut er dicuntur ab ingrejfu Ecclefia,fi violent interdidum generale locale. 41 X Item, fi ad diuina officia recipiant publici excommunicatos,ac interdidos. 42 Interdici debent , fi renuant confiteri ad confeffionale pofitum inEcclefia ex- teriori. QVAERES XXVII L Quod , & quale interdidum incurrant mc- niales violando interdidum generale locale. 40 ip. Incurrere interdidum abingreflii Ecclefix latum in cap.Ipifcopo- rum depriuileg. in 6. & durans , vfq; dum prxftent debitam latisia&ioncm civilius cenfura violata cft;fic enim habet textus : Qfri vero contra prafum- pferint ,prxter alias panas d ture ftatutas tngrejfum Ecclefia fibi nouerint inter- didum , donec de tranfgreffione buiufmodt ad arbitrium cius , cuius fementiam contempja unt,fatisfi cerint competenter . Incurrent autem moniales ta le in- terdidum ipso fado, fi quam ex adionibus hic prohibitis faciant: v. g. fa- ciendo celebrare in loco interdido, aut admittendo cxcommunicatos pu- blice,aut interdidos ad diuina officia,' qux funt adiones communes viris , ac fceminis, & poliunt cadere m moniales, vt patet : quamuis ad incurren- dum eiufinodi interdidum requiratur prxfumptio, vt conftat ex verbis il- lis qui contra prafumpferint . & quidem quod moniales fubiaceant huic in- tcrdi&o, inde fiiadetur , quod textus generaliter loquitur de omnibus rcli- giofis ,qnantumcunq; exemptis, adeoq; comprehendit etiam moniales, qux vere & proprie funt, 8c dicuntur religiofx : & fic, fi faciant aliquam ex adionibus hic prohibitis , ipfarum fexui , ac conditioni proportionatam , manebunt interdidx ab ingrefiu propri* Ecclefif interioris, ficq; eam non poterunt ingredi ad audienda diurna officia , immo neq; ad faciendas pri- uatas orationes iuxta aliquos Dodores ( quorum opinionem fatetur Sua- reo^n.tf.de cenjur.fc£l.j.num.i$,<k rigore luris cfie probabiliorem.mterim T a tamen \ 2 92 *D<? procciputs Monialium poenis* ramea oppofitam fuftinens e (Te probabilem)hos quippe effeCtus gignit in- terdictum ab ingrellu Ecclefiae. QVAERES XXIX. Quale interdictum contrahant moniales , fi fcienter admittant publice excommunicatos , aut interdictos ad diuina ofiicia . ‘‘ ' ‘ • ' : > * - .41 92. Incurrere interdictum abingreflu I^cclefisc latum in c. Zpifcoporutn de rcgular.iti £>.& explicatum q.praced.ex quo proinde petenda funt,que hic dici pofsent,& deberent. Adao foliim cx Bonac.fup.D.^uj.i.p.C. 7114.5 . admit- tere (prout hic fumitur ) importare tum recipere ad aliqua ex fupra diCtis , tum non prohibere, ciim poflit>& debeat. QV AE RES XXX. Quale interdictum incurrant moniales, /i re- nuant confiteri Sacerdoti ad confeflionalc collocatum in Ecclefia ex- teriori. ■>' . j J w 42 i£. Incurrere interdictum fimpliciter didum, non tamen ipso faCto, (cd ferendum :idq; ex decreto Sacra? Congregat.refercndo inferius c.io.fcft.3. fubf.i.ej.iq.quod tamen videndum eft,an fit in vfu. De Irregularitatibus, qux iure communi cadere pofsunc in Moniales. 4? Q/ fint illegitima , funt incapaces abbati /fatus ; quod ali) negant probabi- 3 Uter. 44 Saltem in hoc dijpenfari pojfunt d fuo Tralato. 45 Si fint vidua, aut aliter corrupta, eligi nequeunt in ahbati$as\ctfi alij negent: di- fpenfata ad monachatum intrant plura monajlcria. < . : 46 Item, fi fint bigama. 47 Item, fi fint infames. qSNonitem, fi defeendant ex genere maculato. ,. QVAERES XXXI. An monialis illegitima fit irregularis quo ad praelationes religionis, & quo modo. 45 ^.““Quod,quamuis probabilior, & conformior praxi fitpars affirmans, quain fuftinent plures Canonifia?,apud Tambimnum fup. D. 28. q.11 .mrm. 1. Suar.D^o.de ccnfur.feft. 5 .num. 1 5. Sayr.1.6. thcfainri c.n. mm.% . Laym.in qq. can . cap. vltuj.i 29. Nald.v. abbatifjd num.i. Sanch.l.5 .mor.c.5 .num.19.Nau. conf.i. de regni. num. 60. alijq; penes eundem Tamburintim fuftinentes , fe- clufis religionum priuilegijs , monialem illegitimam non polfe abfq; Apo* ftolica difpenfatione eligi in Abbatiflam ; eo quod Abbatifsa quandam quafi praelationem obtineat inter moniales, quam natalium defeCtus ob- fcurat,nifi aliunde infignes dotes cohondtent; probabilis tamen etiam vi- detur pars negans, quam fequuntur Trliranda q.6idc monial.art.$.1{odriqdo. 1 ,q. 1 3 .art.n. Tonel.de dub.regul.v.abbatijpa num.6. Legana to. j .c, 26. nu.6.x 1 alijq; ' / Caput Fili. -f V *91 ali jq; ablbhtte docentes monialem illegitimam pofle eligi ia Abbatilfam , etiam fine vlla difpenfatione . probant autem tum ex quadam declaratio* ne Sacra:. CongregationiVrelata a T amburi nonum. 2. per quam fuit deci- fum montiales ex illegitimo thoro genitas non comprarhendi in Conftitut. Sixti V. edita contra illegitimos , quominus eligi po/fint ad munus Abba- tifla?>& alia monafterij officiastum quia in iure nullus extat canon, quo ve- retur, ne femina illegitima eligi pofiit in Abbatiflam, ciim iura illegitimis iblum interdicant habere officium cumiurifdi&ione ordmaria;cuiufmodi vtiq; non eft officium Abbatiflae, cuius prolatio non eft ordinaria;fed quafi excommiffione.... 44 Dixi in priori parte huius relponfionis fcdufis religionum priutfcgijs»vt in- dicarem,quod fi monialis illegitima indigeret difpenfatione ad hoc,vt eli- gi poflet in Abbatifiara , talis difpcn(ktio ci pofiet concedi a proprio Pra:- lato-.feddc hoc £./^4.17. • ... v QV i£ R E S XXXIL An monialis vidua aut aliter corrupta dici poffit irregularis quo ad praelationes religionis, ita vt eligi non pofiit ih Abbatiffam abfy legitima difpenfatione. ' i.r , :r: 45 $£• Quod>!icet^«idbf^/oM. fupra citato num.2 2 .putans ad officium Ab- batiflW non requiri virginitatem, nifi vbiadeflet vfus impertiendi Abbatif- iis bencdi&ionem,& confecratiouem propriam virginum,cenfeat monia- leni viduam, aut aliter corruptam ex hoc folo capite non e fle incapacem , vt eligatur in Abbatifla m:& hoc idem fuftineant Rodriquez apvidTamhjir- rinum fupra quteft.i z.num. ^.dicens huic lententia: fubfcripfifle Suarcz,dum viuerec, TaLud.in q.d.zi.quczfi^. artic.j. num.6o. & S ^Antomn.7, ,par.t it mi 7. ea du&i ratione, quod neq; de iure diuino, neq; naturali, neq; ecclefiaftico eft> vt Abbatifla debeat efle virgo; &, dato quod extaret tale aliquod iushumanuimper cotrarium vfuin iam ffiiffetabtogatumunpraxi tamen oppofita lententia fuftinenda eft>vtpote conformis praxblalterain Italia ; vbi ait Tamburinus fe nunquam audiuiife monialem, qua: non eflet virgo {intelligeincommunixfiimatione) fuifle ele&am in Abbatiflam : & quidem merito , cum indecens fit non virginem prarfe virginibus , & miniis efficax futura fit adhortatio ad virginitatem * qua: fiat a non virgi- ne;vt proinde non pauci Canonifta: relati d Tambmno nst. i.nobifcum fen- tiant , & ipfaniet Sacra Congregatio 1 5. ItiJi) 1616. declarauerit, qnod, fi .vidua monafticum habitum affumat > ad Abbatifla: , aut Prioriffe munus obeundum abfq; Sedis Apoftolica: difpenfatione eligi non pofiit : egi etiam conformatur ftylus Sacra: Pcenitentiaria:,tefte eodem Tamburino; dum ab folu donem concefiam moniaii ob corruptionem , ilLam limitat, irf non proptcrca ea eligi pofiit in Abbatilsain vi talis abfoliitionis , & , fi cli- fatur,non pofiit conlecrari, ecfi corruptio fit occulta: intellige iuxta di&a ic quxft.f. qui vult videat Tortellum fup.33.an monialis ,qu<s fuit vidua mim.i. T 3 * Addo " ✓ « *94 De prtcipuk MontaUum pxnis. , ' Addo hic obiter iy quod , fi vidua iuxti dida cap,i.num.i 3 . i Sacra Con- gregatione difpenfetur ad fufeipiendura ftatum monialium, fi ingrefla ali- quod monafterium ad tsricra-ef&dum ibi non pofiitperfeucrare , svi didas difpenfatioms ingredi poteft-aliudjdum modo diTpenfado non fiierit limi- tata ad ceream monafterium; &, fi fic efletdimitara & nouitia perfcrfa fta- tus religiofi recederet ab illo monafterio , mutata voluntate pofiet iterum ad illud rediredbiq; denuo fufeipere habitum religiofum.Et ratio elEquod priuilegium Fauorabile>aut parum onerofum extenditur ad iteratos a&us* -quoties illud abfolute conceditur, & aliter non -colligitur de mente conce- aentis,duratq; finispriuilegij;vtbene aduertit, Sanch. I. 8. dcmatr.D .3 unu. 8. alijs citatis remifitud ; hxc autem omnia militant in cafu no liro > vtfup- pono # : QV AERES XX XIII. An monialis bigama h&cipso fitirregula»* ris quo ad prolationes religionis. i 4 6 Qu6d,cdm iuxta dida q.praced. communis £ra xis, fultcm in Italia* habeat * rt monialis corrupta non digatur in Abbatiftam : i fortiori non poterit eligi monialis bigama ( quomodocunq; deuram 'dicatur b igscmaj ita Sanch. fupjium. 2 3 . TvtaioLLi Ide irrcgul.c.2 9. nam. 14. ^ali;q;& patet e* di- dis q.praccd. fi aduertero monialem matrimonium de fado contrahen- tem heri irregularem ex bigam ia fimilitudinaria. QV A E RES XXXI V. A11 monialis , qnar eft infamis infamia > fiue iurisjlrue fadi,lit irregularis quo ad prolationes religionis. 47 I*!. Elie, ideoq; non polle abfq; dirpenfatione eligi in Abba tiliam . ita V iuald.num.11 .Maiol.ntm. 1 i.ti au jtu.6o. Lemana nutn.q. Tambur.q.i 5. nu. 4. ali;q; communiterjd: probant tumex c.infames 6.q. r . alijfq; iuribus,in qui- bus ftatuitur infames non polle eligi ad honores , ac dignitates ; tum quia non decet profici Virginibus alfumptis in fponfas Chrifti feminam infa- mem,fide hiris, fiue fa&i infamia, idq; etiam poft emedationem; quanqua, fi infamia ellet folii m fadi , fimpliciterpolTet monialis hoc modo infamis poft emendationem eligi in Abbatillam ob ea, quar tradunt DD. de infa- mia fadi,& profertim Bonae. D.j. de cenfur.in gcn.q.^ .p„ i.nutn. 5. QVAERES XXXV. A11 monialis detendens ex maculatogcnc- re,v.g.Iudajorum,Saraccnonim>&c. fit irregularis quo ad prolationes Or- dinis. r- »■' 48 I Non cfie, ftando procisc in iurc communi; nullum enim tale ius ex- -tat,quodegofciam. De varijs alijs poenis , quas iure communi poffunt Moniale* incurrere. » - * \ * 4? p \iuantwr >ccc ad bienniufn >fi contra Concil.Trid, delinquant circa pauper- X tatem. 1 50 Si Cqt* Miur I9r~- 5 a Si fintpraprietari*,pmantur ecclcfiaftica fcpulturay& communione altaris. 5 1 Subfunt pnuationi vocis, & altjs poenis , fi dent cxpcBaturam puella recipienda ad religionem. 5 2 'Pnnantur offictfs,ac dignitatibus, fi indebite alienent. 5 3 Item, fi donent contra Bullam Clementis V III. non tamen ante fententiam. 5 4 Si renuant profiteri,& fentare claufuram, nuUiter recipiunt ad profejftonem. 5 5 Inuahde reciperent Comtrfasfi decretum id vetans non efjct derogatum. 5 6 Triuantur iure eligendi ^tbbatiffam ea vice, fi illam indebiti eligant. 5 7 Vuniri poffunt ab Ordinario Tralati regulares , fi tpfum non pramoneant de ele~ Bione Idbbatiffx fibi fubieBx. 5 8 Nullitcr eligunt fibbatijfam,eiufq-r aBa non tenent, fi eligant vitra triennium. 5 9 ~4bbarifla valide non eligitur vitra triennium, nec ad beneplacitum moni alium. 60 Ea tamen, expleto triemio, cligipoteft mprafidentem Conuentus vfq; ad nvuam eleBionem. 61 DtBa non procedunt de ^ibbatiffisrfux eliguntur per prafentationem, ac infiitu- j - tionem « 6iCaduntiure fuo,fi eleBxinjIbbatiffas contra monafierij coxfuetadmcm non cu- rent benedici. 6 1 Perpetuo carcere includuntur, fi profefik confentiant fe violari. 6<y T uniuntur finunt fe eligi in bbatiffas contra formam Concilij TritL Irem qua in choro non canunt hymnos utjju Urbani yill.corrcBos. 66 Item incorrigibiles. QV AE RES XXXVI. Quas poenas incurrant moniales . Ii delitf* quant contra diipofirioneni Concilij Trid- in materia religiofar pau- pertatis » • 1 •> , 4 9 ip. Incurrere priuatioaent vocis adinar,& palfiuar ad biennium latam in ; t Conc.T rtd.fi ff.z 5 Meregx.%.liat retineant bona immobilia, aut mobilia tan- quam propria,acirreuocabilia (Vei cxpoCaimusfup.c.^.feB. i.n.x xx Sanch .) iiue tanquam Superioriflx concedant monialibus Jubditis bona flabilia ad vfum>aut vfumfru&um.aut admini llrationem, vel commendam: fiue reti* neant iuperflua , habeancq; fuppelle&ikm mobilium repugnantem flatui paupertatis; in his enim caiibus incurritur dida fufpenfio,qua: tamen non durat, nifl per biennium;ficq; peracto biennia,eo ipso abfq; alia abfolucio* nc ccflFat iuxta communem DD. fententiam, apadSuar JO.zp.de cenj.fcB.i-, num.t. - -•-'«« Quod fi hacoccafionc quaeras, quas alias poenas incursat tnonialis pro- prietaria vitra priuationem vocis adiuar,& pallhise. * 50 |tr. Incurrere etiam priuationem ecclefiallic* fepulturx iuxta c.ckm ad -monafierium deflatumonacb. necnon priuationem communionis Altaris a monachi eod ait. non feem expulfionetn e monafterio,ficut fiatuitur in exum ad monaficrium fuperius citato , quod corr^dum cft per cfin.de I{cg. vbi ha« . . . - - - . T 4 betur \ 296 ' *2)* pr*cipuis Jttomalium pxnis , bcturreligiofurti aliis expellendum e moftafterio , debere deputari erga- ' ftulo monafterij.vt ibi agat penitentiam.-qui iuris difpofitio maxime con- usnit ftatui moniaIium,vt patet. Qy JERES XXXVII. Quam pcenam incurrant moniales.fi prefe- * Ctx monafterio dent expedatiuam puellis admittendis in religionem ad loca vacatura contra prohibitionem Sacras Congregationis. 51 I>?. Incurrere peiuationem vocis adiu* , & paffiux ipso fado vnacum alijs poenis arbitrio Sacra: Congr.Epifcoporum infligendisiidq; ex decreto Sacrx eiufdem Congreg.a nobis relato Jup.c.x.fctt.i.q.j. exQuaranta: per quod decretum item declaratur irritum quidquid contr3 ipfius dilpofitio- nem fuerit effedum. QV AERES XXXVIII. Quas poenas vitra excommunicationem relatam quxjl. 1 8. incurrant moniales , fi alienent indebite dc bonis rao- .> nafterij. 52 t je. Incurrere ipso fado priuationem ©fficiorum»ac dignitatum, & qui- v. dem abfq; vlla declaratione, pr^terquamquodeontradus fic initi funt nul- lius valoris.habetur exprefse in extrauag.Pauli ll~Ambiti6ftt,p&tetq; ex di- dis, fi monuero ex Sancb.l.6.mor.c. 1 %.n.66. nomine dignitatum, ac officio- rum hic,& in alijs Con flitutiombus,feu decretis Pontihcijs^iut Sac.Congr. * 't Cardinalium intclligifolum dignitates, ac officia habentia coinndam ali- quam fuperioritatem(cuiufmodi inter moniales eft officium Abbatiilar,fcu Prioriflx, immo & munus Subprioriilie, ac magiftrx nouitiarum , non item Sacriftx,Ianitricis,& fimilia;qux,ficut notat Suar.to.q..dc rcligar.\o.l.6.c.'j. nu. 14.1‘n materia non difiimili,magis funt oneris,quam honoris. QV A*. R E S XXXIX. Quas posnas incurrant moniales faciendo donationes contra decreta Clementis VIII. de largit. mun. 53 9?. Incurrere illas omnes, qua: in dido decreto exprimuntur his verbis:. Quod fi quis ex prxdiQis Regularibus vtriufq; fexus,cuiufcunq ; gradus, ordinis , ac dignitatis, ac vbilibet locorum extftcnt,.coniun£lim cum atteris, fcu diutftm noflrarum huiufmodt prohibitionum tranfgrefjor fuerit , statuimus , vt omnibus , & fingulisper eum obtentis dignitatibus, gradibus, muneribus, officijs co ipsi priuatus, ac ad illa, & aliafimilia, vel diffimtlia in futurum obtinenda abfqi vl~ io Superioris decreto, aut mimflerio ipso fa£lo incurrat inhabilis perpetuo , & in* capax, ac perpetua infamia, & ignominia notatus exiflat: & praeterea priuatio* nem vocis a£liua, & paffiuie , necnon vitra huiu fmodi p cenas etiam tanquam contra furti , & fim onire criminum reum tam per viam denuntiationis , accufar tionis , aut querel# , quam etiam ex officio procedi , <&• inquiri , condignifq; fup- pticijs affici debeat . Circa qux notat Nald. v, religio jus num. 37. tales pce- bas noa obligare in confcientia ante fententiam , faltern declaratoriam. «telidi: cum metus etiam detentor , ac prxdo raanuteneri debeat in pof- fcffionc, dum de principali cogaofcitur. Quanquatn hxedodrina non procedat que ad iHarn aliam poenam , qux in j/dem decretis ilacuituc 1. “ contra Cdput Vlll. 29 7 •. contra recipientes dona d Regularibus in cafu non permifso ( nimirum quod , fi vel ab aliquo particulari rdigiofo , vel d Superiore quopiam Generali , Trouinciali , aut aliquo quocunq ; officio fungente , aut d Conuentu, Capitulo , vel Congregatione fiue ab vniucrfo Ordine, & religione quidquam receperint, id, quod acceperint, fuum non faciant, verum ipsb fallo abfq; aliqua monitione , decreto * Jentent ut , aut declaratione ad illius rejlitutionem omnino m vtroq ; foro tenean- tur,adeo vtjreflitutione ipfa realiter non faSa,neq; etiam in foro confrient ut, ab - folui poffint) hoc enim ipso quod res donatas non faciunt fuas,tencntur eas reft ituere;cum res aliena feinpcr interpellet pro domino,& maneat obno- xia reflitutioni. Qy AE RES X L. An , & qua poena afficiantur moniales , fi omnino volentes viuereabfq; emiflione profcflionis, & claufura, aliquam aliam in futurum recipiant in fuum Ordinem, ac Congregationem. 54 9c\ Ea affici poena, quod fic recepta: ad taliter viuendum omnino inha- biles redduntur^ illarum quarlibet profeffio,ac receptio irrita eil,ac nulla* ita ftatuente Pio V. m Bulla Circa paftoralis 8. in ordine. - QV ARES XL I. Quam poenam contrahant moniales, fi contra prohibitionem Pij V. fadam in bulla modo citata recipiant Conuerlas profeflas. 55 l£. QnodjCilm iuxta difta hic cap.y. q. 1 9. eiufmodi prohibitio per con- trariam confuetudinem legitime abrogata fit : confequenter poena didx prohibitionis tranfgrefforibus impofita ( videlicet quod di&arum Conuer- farum receptio effet nulla , irrita , & inanis ) etiam ipfa abrogata ell ; ficq; moniales in prxfentia recipientes Conuerfas nulli pcena: fubi;ciuntur, lian- do in iure communi. QV iERES XLII. Qux pcena ftatuta fit contra moniales , fi Abba- tiflam eligant, non feruata forma ad talem effedum prxfcripta in cap. quia propter de elcQJn 6. » ' r 5 6 J£. Qnod,quamuis in citato cap.quia propter dicatur: Qui vero contra pra- Jcriptas formas eligere atteruaucrint,eltgcndi ea vice poteftate pnuentur, nihilo- tniuus,qiua ignorantia iuris excufat imilicvcsj.regula,ff. de nrr.& fad.tgnor. -fi moniales ignoranter eligant, non feruata illa forma; non ideo in poenam debent priuari per Superiorem iuri eligendi pro ca vice, fed debent manu* teneri in poffeffione ulis iuris, excufimteeasconditionefexus,ac ignoran- tia. ita Tambur.D-iSale iure abbatiffq .5 .num.H.ex Menocbio conf.6yaium.2j. qui proinde,confequenter differendo, dicerent moniales fubiacere prxfata: poenar,fi fcienter,& aduertenter eligerent Abbatifiam , non feruata ilia for- ma: fic quippe ceflaret ratio illas cxcu(andi,vt patet, puto quidem, quod fi moniales noffent fornum illam eligendi ,.fcd eam non aduerterent in ipib aftu eleftionis,pofsent probabili ter excufari d dicta pcena; cum inaduer- tentia arquiparctur ignorafitix.telle Suar.fup.D.q.fefl.tiJtum.i 1 . & difpofiu • -de iuc procedant euamejud ad illam. ■. “IT*" ’ * Addo* \ 29 f - *T>e prxciputi Monulutm pxnis. 5 7 Addo, quod, cun» hodie prrrter Superiorem monialiutn poflit Ordina- rius interelle electioni Abbati fsf.fiue per fe,fiuc per alium ;vt patet ex Con- llitutione 18. Gregorij XV. debent Regulares licniiicare dido Ordi- nario diem eledionis Abbatifsa: >eumq; expedtare vlq; ad tempus prarfini- Oirmfi ipfe antea exprefs£ declaratur fe velle interelle vigore facultatis quo ad hoc libi attribute; alioqui poted Ordinarius animaduertere in Regula- res,qui ante tempus frgnincaeum,ant die eledionis eidem non pronuntia- ta > ad Abbatifsa: clcdionein procedunt ; fic.n. declarauit Sacra Congre*», explicans Bullam profatam inrefp. ad dub.i 5. Vnde quis potell inferre m tali calu non dari facultatem puniendi moniales modo dido proceden- tes ad cledioncm, fcd foliim Rcligiofos, quibus monialesfunt fubiedat .* dc his quippe loquitur declaratio, 11011 autem dc ijs,qux fubiacent Ordinario» QV AI R li S XLIII. Cui perna: fubi;ciantur nioniaks,(i contra C011- ftitutioncm Gregori; XIII. editam 1. lanu.i 585. & cx parte relatam •» cap^rxced.q.^ 8. eligant Abbatifsam vitra triennium. 58 9% Subijci huic pcewr>qu6idcdio,& prarfedio huiulinodi, ac omnia, 8c lingula>qua> inde fcquuntur,irrita, nulla, & inania, nulliulq; roboris, ac mo- menti funtjfic namq; cxprcfsc habetur in dida Condi turione. Vbi Tamlmr. fup.D. 3 o.q. r .num. 4. ali/s citatis notat Abbatiflam cledam vitra triennium contra formam idius Conditur, non pofse fuum munus exercere, neq; per triennium : probacqjtum quia Conditutio pontificia datformam clcdio- nis, ob quam reddituradus indiuiduus , ficq; procedit regula Pale pcrirtk- tile vitiatur : tum quia Earinae . tam. 1 p. 1 .dccif.3 o. & ali; in /1 nili docent lo- cationem bonorum ccclefiadicorumiadam vitra triennium non valere,, neq; per tricnnium;ed autem par ratio in prxfenti cafu. Vtrum vero attenta dida Conditut. Gregori; X I T I. poflit eligi Ab- batifla,lalrem ad beneplacitum monialium.uitcm valide. 59 9-’. TamhM.mnn.cf. non poflc,cum officiales non polfint eligi ad be- neplacitum ; quippe qui alias dicerentur perpetui : cum tamen in prxfat» > Conditutione talis perpetuitas omnino reprobetur, ita Tamburino ali;s citatis moncnsnum.io. cx decreto Sacrx Congregat, fado 18. Nou.t59j. per didam Conftitutioncm non prohiberi » quin Abbaoifx quotannis mu- tari polfint. Illud etiam hic controuerri poted^m attenta Conftitut.Gregori; XIII. paulo ante relata, polfit Abbatifla completo triennio fui abbatiflatus obti- nere munus Pr.Tliacntis,doncc eligatur noua Abbatifla : & ratio dubitandi ed,quod in ea Conditur, de Abbariffis da tuitur, vtpoft modum, elapfo trien- ntoyfuis oflicifs pcrfunftx prxeffc dcfinant,omniq; prorfus careant auQoricatc,ac d regimine , & admimflratione mouaflenj per triennium d die finitx admuuflratio- nn inchoandum abflineant. 60 9?. Videri probabile, quod poffir;cum id cedacin magnum commodum mouaftcri;,vt uouuic Miranda q.j .de mouialutrt.f.Sc-ilids Coullitucio cita- - “ “ - - M CdfHt VT 11« 299 t taCrcgorijpoifit!j>ct»^emt^raft^i j ficutaliam fimilem Sixti V. in- terpra:t#tur idem Miranda : nimirum quod Abbatiffa:, e xpletp triennio fui abbatiffatus > non polfint habere quodcuuq; aliud officium ad aliud trien- nium > non vero quod eligi non polfint ad breue tempus in Prarfidentem monafterijmodo.di&o. ita viri do&ii. me jconfulti, & iu terminis Tambur. q.j.pro fe «allegans. etiam Lactorium . Nobifcucn fentit SanQorus in §om~ tnent.ad Confiitut. TAsnonim cap. 1 1 .flatrjmBc cum illo Diana p. 7. traSL n.rc- jol.ip.&c hoc non obftante declaratione facrae Congregationis addu&a d Oauanto in manuali v. mom alium officiales num.20. his verbis Officium j£bba- tijfit finito triennio . expirat»nec Epifcopus poteft illud prorogare ; qiuc declaratio benigne pote fl explicari ,ficut modo explicauimus Couftitutionem Gre- gorij. . • fi Monet praterea Tambur. q.i.num. 1 . Conftimtionem,pra:fatam Grego- ti) XIII. non habere loem in Abbatilfis,qtia: fiunt per prafen rationem , ac inllitutionem ; cum talis inftitutio , ac confirmatio fit perpetua . quod etiam, docet Tortel. de dub.regul.v. abbatiffa num. 10. addens Abbatifsam primam funda tricem alicuius monaflerij S. Clara: pofse continuarem offi- cio Abhatifsa: per 20. annos in vim ftatutorum illius Ordinis; quod tamen non video, quo pa&o fubfiftere poffit, flante pleniffima derogatione qua- rumcunq;confuetudiiuiiH.conflitutionumapoflolicacum,flatutorura,con- luetudinum,ac prinilegiorum,qua: fit in dida Conflitucione. : ! QV JERES XLIV. Qua: poena impolita fit iure communi contra moniales , fi eleda: in Abbatifsas folitasbcnediciintra annum d tempore fua: confirmationis munus benedidionis non fufcijfiant. 61 9,:. Illas cadere iure fuo ; non quidem ipso fadet > fed per illos , ad quos pertinet prouiderc monafterium de Abbatifsa . habetur exprefse in Cient. ‘Ottevdcutesjk fiatu WQnacb.§.fiatuimits,vbi dicitur :Statuimus in fuperyvt qua-* ' uis ad regimen abbatiarum affumpta in monafietijs, in quibus abbatiffa funt fo- lita benedicifintra anitum d fua confirmationis tempore computandum munus bc - ncditlionis fufcipiantialioquin d iure fuo , nifi fubfit caufa rationabilis yprorfus fe nouerintrecidijfe per illos , ad quos id pertinet prouifione de abbatiffa. tnonafte- rijsip fis canonico facienda. Vbi notanda funt verba illa fe noucrint cccidiffe per illos , &c. qua: indicanteiufmodi poenam efse ferendam > vtpoce requi- rentem alterius adiouem adhocvt incurratur ; quod efl lignum cenfii- rr ferenda:>vt bene obferuauit Bonae. D. 1 .de ccnfur.in comm.q.i.p. 1 ,num.6. , QV AL R E S X L V. Qua poena puniantur moniales , fi pofl emifsam religiofam profeffionem permittant fe violari. 61 9!. Puniri poena perpetui carceris ex cap. impudicas 2 'j.q.i. cum alioqui violator longe grauiori fupplicio pledatur» vt offendimus 3.$. notatyvbi de hac rc ex propofito egimus. QVAERES X L V I. Quam poenam incurrant moniales , fi per- ^ mittant fc eligi in abbatilsas , aut priorifsas contra formam eligendi prg- * 3oo- ” D* praecipuis 'MonUlium priuiUgiji pnrfcriptam in Concilio Trident. fejf.i^.cap.6. de regul. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'bub_gb_UZEf9ZX7OgsC_18', 'collection': 'Latin-PD', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1646.0', 'title': 'Tractatio de monialibus, in qua resoluuntur omnes fere quaestiones (& ex his plurime adhuc non tractatae) quae de ijs excitari solent in communi, & in particulari ; nimirum de receptione, nouitiatu, dote, renunciatione bonorum ... Accessit formularium licentiarum, quarum vsus in monialium gubernatione solet esse frequentior. Authore P. Francisco Pellizzario Placentino e Societate Iesu ..', 'creator': 'Pellizzari, Francesco', 'language': 'Latin', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7191', 'token_count': '16782', '__index_level_0__': '48619', 'original_id': 'b6c65d6417abd731cc04b266b015a4a95b60b82259b43a06de47994d198459f0'} |
Penfield station (SEPTA)
Penfield station is a SEPTA rapid transit station in Haverford Township, Pennsylvania. It serves the Norristown High Speed Line (Route 100) and is located at Manoa Road and Lawson Avenue. Both local trains and Norristown Express trains stop at Penfield. The station lies 1.9 track miles from 69th Street Terminal.
Station layout
External links
SEPTA - Penfield NHSL Station
Manoa Road entrance from Google Maps Street View
Category:SEPTA Norristown High Speed Line stations | mini_pile | {'original_id': '833160c3ff9b46f3a8a9a923178c593b19bdb825dcd51bfc67fb055cd91b587f'} |
Mindful Swimming with Chie Cross
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I was first made aware of the influence on human behaviour of four vestibular reflexes, by the late Ray Evans, who was a marine engineer, a student of yoga, my Alexander head of training, and a lifelong striver in pursuit of understanding of the human condition. Following Ray's example, in 1998-99 I underwent a year of professional training under Peter Blythe in Chester in order to look into the reflexes more deeply. From then on the process of investigating the reflexes gestated slowly in me -- hindered by doubt about whether excursions into the body of sometimes reductionist scientific knowledge called neuro-physiology might be an escape from truly holistic work.
Then about a year ago I was asked to give a talk on the reflexes at the annual conference of the Society of Teachers of the Alexander Technique (STAT) in Reading. I chose as the title "Four Primitive Reflexes." The talk seemed to go well, much better than I expected. Preparing for the talk, and follow-up work since, has encouraged me to think again about the four reflexes as the necessary a priori basis of Alexander work, of sitting-meditation as taught by Gautama the Buddha and Zen Master Dogen -- indeed as the a priori basis of all efforts to bring about true constructive change.
Four Vestibular Reflexes
The four reflexes are all vestibular -- they are mediated at brainstem level by the vestibular nucleii and their development is broadly responsible for regulation of postural muscle tone. If the vestibular system is the foundation stone of human behaviour, the four reflexes can be seen as the four cornerstones. To give them their 'scientific' names -- the names by which neuro-physiologists refer to them, they are:
1. The Moro Reflex.
2. The Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR).
3. The Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR).
4. The Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR).
To give them more descriptive names that reflect my understanding of them, they are:
1. The panic & grasp reflex; - the reflex of instinctively breaking out of fear paralysis, stiffening the neck and throwing the arms out in panic, then clasping the arms in and grasping for security.
2. The head balance / vestibular training reflex;
3. The side-to-side pointing reflex; - the reflex of intention, which opposes the instinctive panic reflex in the same way that the panic reflex opposes fear paralysis.
4. The top-and-bottom bridging reflex.
I submit that underlying the four Alexander directions, underlying the four noble truths, underlying the underlying structure of four philosophies in Shobogenzo, and also underlying the four elements enumerated in the Maha-Satipattana Sutta, is this a priori foursome. The four vestibular reflexes constitute an a priori universal truth in that they are present in every human baby -- the first three reflexes at birth, the fourth when an infant comes onto hands and knees at around 6 months.
If it is true that any real change in human behaviour must take account of the four main reflexes, then maybe it should not be surprising that the number four, and multiples thereof, tend to crop up in practical teachings that are concerned with real (not only intellectual or psychological) change.
The Four Alexander Directions
To anybody used to working with the four directions that Alexander recommended us to give "altogether, one after the other," the connection with the four reflexes is obvious once attention has been drawn to it.
1. Let the NECK be free
2. To let the HEAD release out
3. To let the BACK widen
4. To let the LEGS out
The Four Noble Truths of the Buddha
In the four noble truths:
1. Suffering may be equated with emotional attachments and reactions that are fuelled by and associated with the panic/grasping reflex.
2. Grasping (or "end-gaining" in AT jargon) is the origin/accumulation of suffering because of the universal defect that Alexander identified as unreliable sensory appreciation -- essentially a vestibular problem associated with imperfect integration of all four reflexes but no. 2 in particular. The faultier a person's vestibular-proprioception is, then the more that person tends to create harmful side-effects by grasping for a result. A dog whose coordination is perfect does not create harmful side effects when chasing a stick. The movements of a well-coordinated person fully committed to gaining an end, similarly, emanate only beauty. But most of the time most of us are not like that.
3. Stopping suffering might depend primarily on inhibiting the panic/grasping reflex and thereby quieting all the unconscious attachments and reactions that are secondary to it. As a movement, the panic reflex is a symmetrical pattern, which is opposed or inhibited by reflex no. 3, the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex. At the same time, whereas panic is an instinctive, unconscious, involuntary state, the pointing (or punching) reflex may be seen as at the root of all intentional activity -- so on this level too, the ATNR opposes or inhibits the Moro pattern.
4. The establishment of right pathways involves bridging the gap between instinctive, unconscious, reactive behaviour and more enlightened, conscious, decisive behaviour. (In physical terms, this may be equated with a harmonization of the energy centres in the head, the heart, and the pelvis.) This bridging of the gap between unconsciousness and consciousness depends on the mature evolution of all four reflexes, but ultimately on integration of the STNR, the bridging reflex. It has been said that a crucial difference between monkeys and humans is that (some) humans are able to walk upright with neck, hips, and knees fully and easily extended, thereby demonstrating inhibition of the STNR.... Anybody care to join me for a banana?
The Four Abodes of Mindfulness in Sitting-Zen
In the Maha-Satipattana Sutta, the four elements are:
1. Kaya; body.
2. Vedana; feeling
3. Citta; intention
4. Dhamma; realizations
In light of the four reflexes and also in light of the four stages that can be observed in Master Dogen's rules of sitting-meditation, I offer the following interpretation of the four elements:
1. Bodily non-emotion. Just being physically present. Noticing how I am, without caring; being aware of what is going on in the body emotionally, without reacting further to bodily reactions that are already going on. If the ultimate aim is really to be free, to liberate the body from emotional attachment and reaction, the primary thing must be not to grasp, emotionally or intellectually, for that or any other result. In short, not to try to be a buddha. To be content to be the non-buddha.
2. Sensory non-perception. Being open to sensory feedback about where I am, especially about where the head is relative to the rest of the body. Relying on the unreliable (but not totally relying on it) -- like Ray Mears consulting a cheap compass.
3. Intentional non-thinking. Intending to allow. Willing fearless spontaneity, like a baby pointing (as if to say, "I want THAT one!"). Not only willing it, but also, eventually, intentionally doing something to get the ball rolling -- breathing out fully and swaying.
4. Non-doing. Not me doing it. It doing itself. A spontaneous upflow of energy. Sitting as a spontaneous process. Body and mind spontaneously dropping off. Realizations of non-constancy in all its manifestations
To express it in sum, in light of the integral upward direction that unites the four:
1. Allowing oneself to be not necessarily up.
2. Sensing the possibility of an upward direction.
3. Thinking up.
4. Going up
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The Forces Unleashed was commissioned by Market Rasen Band wh are based in Lincoln.
The piece of music depicts a musical portraya of the battle that took place in Lincoln in 1141 during the famous British civil war known as The Anarchy.
The piece starts with musical scenes of Lincoln in flames and smoke as an invasion ensues. Forces of Empress Matilda, led by her illegitimate half brother Robert, first Earl of Gloucester invade the city to do battle with soldiers fighting to defend the city for King Stephen.
The opening section portrays the vigorous fighting between the two armies in the city streets. There are somw short moments of musical rest from the battle as the leaders plan ther next strategic moves, before the battle ensues again.
Concluding with the chords heard at the opening movement - depicting the end of the battle for another day. The music then changes to a more melancholy mood of reflection as the soldiers rest under the moonlight within the picturesque city. This middle movement portrays the emotion and fear that was felt in the city by both soldiers and the city's population.
As morning dawns, our final section of music sees the rise and build as the soldiers prepare for the next day of conflict once more. Using the same musical motifs as the opening, battle ensues again, but this time the music leads to a final dramatic conclusion. This closing section portrays Empress Matilda's forces victoious, as they capture King Stephen.
This dramatic work features a variety of ensemble and soloist sections and provides plenty for the ensemble to work on.
Duration approx 7'45"
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The Purge: Election Year
"The Purge: Election Year" is a horror movie released in 2016, about a dystopian future where all crime is legal for one night a year.
(Video still)
Donald Trump is already thinking about his re-election campaign for 2020, and he hasn't even been sworn in yet for his first term as President of the United States.
The president-elect told The Washington Post on Wednesday that he's already got a campaign slogan that builds on his first promise, "Make America Great Again."
"Are you ready?" Trump asked the newspaper. "'Keep America Great,' exclamation point."
Trump can then be heard calling for a lawyer and telling someone in his office to trademark the new slogan, with and without the punctuation mark. However, a trademark may be difficult as the phrase is already familiar to horror movie fans.
2016 horror movie "The Purge: Election Year" used "Keep America Great" as a tagline.
That's because "Keep America Great" is the same tagline used for the 2016 film "The Purge: Election Year." It appeared on movie posters and flashed across the screen in large letters during the trailer.
"The Purge: Election Year" is the third film in the series about a dystopian future where all crime -- murder, rape, theft, destruction of property, etc. -- is legal for one night a year. Ethan Hawke and Lena Headey starred in the 2013 original; Frank Grillo and Elizabeth Mitchell led the second sequel, which follows a presidential candidate being targeted by people who want to stop her from eliminating the Purge.
Writer-director James DeMonaco told Entertainment Weekly that the third "Purge" movie was influenced by the 2016 election, even though it was released five months before Trump won the White House race.
"Little things drip into you when you're writing or you're on set -- you're grabbing from the ether or what's out there in the press," DeMonaco told EW. "I think there's a lot of representation of everyone who's in the game right now, from Donald Trump to Hillary Clinton to Bernie Sanders to John Kasich. I'd like the audience to play with it and see who they feel is representative of the actual candidates in the real world, without me saying who's who."
Grillo, who plays a Secret Service agent protecting the candidate, told ComicBook.com that the movie wasn't originally subtitled "Election Year."
"Oddly enough, the guy who plays the President in the movie, he plays him like Trump - totally by accident," the actor said last year. "There's a lot of parallels between the GOP race and the movie and the messages that are being put forward and then Universal got this great idea to call it 'Purge: Election Year.'"
It's unclear whether Trump is aware of the similarity, but he told the Post that he's "so confident" in the new slogan because "the country is going to be great" when he takes office.
Stephen Colbert joked about the slogan on "The Late Show" Wednesday night, suggesting alternatives like "Make America Great Again... Again!" and "Okay, This Time We Are Really Going to Make America Great Again, I Swear."
See the trailer for "The Purge: Election Year," featuring the tagline "Keep America Great," below. Note: Video contains some disturbing content not suitable for younger viewers. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '6d6ba70ca4f99f598a87714663a2227a6713ce3605eea8e9a496c103124379a4'} |
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Why the Bruins can win the Cup
by Shawn P. Roarke /
With the San Jose Sharks knocked out in the first round, the Boston Bruins become the de facto favorite to win the Stanley Cup after finishing one measly point behind the Sharks in the race for the Presidents' Trophy.
But we have seen what became of the odds-on favorite in Round 1, right? Does a similar fate await these Bruins, who play the sixth-seeded Carolina Hurricanes is a second-round series that starts Friday night in Boston?
It's hard to imagine such an outcome after the way the Bruins dismantled their traditional rival, Montreal, in a stunningly effective first-round sweep. In that series, Boston reinforced what it had hinted at throughout the 82-game regular season: This is a team built to win the Stanley Cup.
First, the Bruins have a world-class goalie in Tim Thomas, who has to be considered a serious threat to win the Vezina Trophy as the League's best goalie this year. Thomas has that battling spirit and limitless reserve of confidence that are hallmarks of Cup-winning goalies. He simply finds a way to stop the puck, much like Dominik Hasek did in his prime.
Plus, Boston has a shut-down defenseman in the mold of Anaheim's Chris Pronger, who led that team to a title two years ago. Zdeno Chara, the Bruins' captain, is a big, mean bear of a man, who has learned to harness his emotions for the good of the team. He put the brakes on Montreal's top line and did not take a single penalty doing it.
Up front, there is stunning depth. Each of Boston's forward lines scored in the first-round series. They have a world-class set-up man in Marc Savard and a proficient finisher in Michael Ryder. Yet, they are so deep that those two can play on separate lines and still thrive.
In fact, Boston coach Claude Julien has designed his lines in such a way that he has supreme confidence in his ability to roll his lines without much thought to the game situation, meaning the Bruins can dictate the nature of play and don't limit the amount of ice the top offensive players see because of a need to match.
Most importantly, the Bruins believe they can win now that they have exorcised the ghosts of Montreal in such convincing fashion. Julien has the team believing his system is the answer to Boston's quest for the city's first Stanley Cup in more than 30 years. His veterans are all-in with that message and have made sure that the younger players are on board.
Boston Bruins Playoff GearAnd, it is those veterans that make the difference this time of year. It's players like defenseman Aaron Ward, fourth-liner Shawn Thornton and versatile forward Mark Recchi -- all of whom have sipped champagne from the Stanley Cup and have lived through the sacrifices necessary to be bestowed such an honor -- that may well be the final piece of the championship puzzle for these Bruins.
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Ex-JPMorgan exec says her oversight was undermined
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The corporate flag for JPMorgan Chase flies at corporate headquarters in New York.
WASHINGTON (AP) - A former top executive for JPMorgan Chase is blaming last year's $6.2 billion trading loss on other executives at the firm, telling a Senate panel Friday that they undermined her authority at the firm.
Ina Drew, the firm's former chief investment officer overseeing trading strategy, says the other executives failed to control risk out of the London office and that prevented her from controlling the losses.
Drew resigned last spring after the trading loss came to light. The comments to the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations were her first since the resignation.
The hearing occurred a day after the Senate panel issued a report that ascribed widespread blame to key executives at the firm. The report said they ignored growing risks and hid losses from investors and federal regulators
Executives at JPMorgan understated the trading losses to federal examiners by hundreds of millions of dollars and dismissed questions raised about the trading risks, according to the report.
The report also suggested that key executives, including CEO Jamie Dimon, were aware of huge losses at the bank, even while they were downplaying the risks publicly.
On Thursday, JPMorgan acknowledged it made mistakes but rejected any assertions that it concealed losses or risks. A spokesman declined to comment directly on the accusation that Dimon knew of the trading loss in April.
In April, news reports said a trader in JPMorgan's London office known as "the whale" had taken huge risks that were roiling the markets. Dimon immediately dismissed the reports as a "tempest in a teapot" during a conference call with analysts.
But in May, Dimon acknowledged that the bank had lost roughly $2 billon. And during testimony to a separate Senate panel in June, Dimon said the bank showed "bad judgment," was "stupid" and "took far too much risk."
The figure was later revised to more than $6 billion.
The loss came less than four years after the 2008 financial crisis and hurt the reputation of a bank that had come through the crisis known for taking fewer risks than its competitors. Three employees in the London office were fired - two senior managers and a trader. It also led to Drew's resignation. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '275cb9c13508a148ef1e5b65d3e9d523d695772d1e9deac41f72ff195d33fa4c'} |
World Council of Churches
You are here: Home / Member churches / Europe / Slovakia
Ecumenical Organizations and Councils
WCC member churches based in Slovakia
WCC member churches present in Slovakia
Today's Republic of Slovakia came into being in 1993, with the peaceful division of former Czechoslovakia in two states. The Slovaks are Slavonic people who settled the area in the 5th century and formed the Moravian kingdom, which later became part of the Hungarian kingdom and eventually of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Czechoslovakia was formed in 1918 but was broken up in 1938 by Nazi Germany, which kept Slovakia under tight control. After World War II, Czechoslovakia was re-established and came under communist rule, until 1989 when the Soviet bloc collapsed. The country had an industrialized, centrally planned economy, which it has transformed and adjusted to the free market system. High unemployment continued to be one of its problems through 2005. Slovakia joined the European Union in 2004. Due to historic circumstances, an important Hungarian minority of about 10 percent of the population lives in Slovakia, mostly concentrated in the border area with Hungary. The Orthodox missionaries Cyril and Methodius were the first to evangelize the Slovaks. Today the Orthodox are a minority, because the Catholic Church established its influence over the centuries, and became the majority church. The largest Protestant churches are the Lutherans and the Reformed, the latter mostly among the Hungarians. The Ecumenical Council of Churches is broadly representative of the Protestants and the Orthodox, with the Catholic Church as an observer member. The Orthodox form one church for Slovakia and the Czech Republic. There are some smaller Pentecostal and Evangelical churches, and an Evangelical Alliance, affiliated with the WEA. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9720624685287476}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '24484', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TPCHFKANARIXFE2VI5B7JDBDDLWDAUCI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:251834f3-5b72-4793-bb9f-d504ad2ac465>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 11, 22, 49, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '193.73.242.203', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4KXK3XZ7RF7MQFXF2V4JBF2PESR3AJMP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:607a7953-78ba-408a-a705-bbc9b0bc478f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/europe/slovakia', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:be593e18-3ea9-4d5d-9f09-c746e087b322>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '306', 'url': 'http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/europe/slovakia', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06266927719116211', 'original_id': 'b1e7fae24d9e4b53735410a0db2017471841a0c32d8a111d36b4b359fff3dbfa'} |
Roller ShadesToday's More Popular Choice
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Our window treatments are the highest-rated in the industry, and customers are looking to buy in your local area. Connect with us to learn about our in-person training and open your window of opportunity with Made in the Shade! | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ae2a2b35c73d02b33a4d0a27428a4251d3f151fa82a9c7b9b4e35f6d7e00f420'} |
Can he rented for enough to make your monthly payments. House in excellent condition. If sold at once, will take $12,500. Don’t miss this. Address Box 320-P, Star office. 21* BRICK HOUSE. SIX ROOMS AND BATH, 600 block E street southeast. Price, $3,800. This is a bargain. Can be bought for $800 cash and $35 per month. Address Box 341 P, Star office. 21* COLORED NORTHWEST. NEAR 14th & S. 6 R. & B. ALLEY. ONLY $4,750- TERMS. 311 MACHINISTS' BLDG. M. 740. NEW HOME. All modern. 6 rooms and bath, twlh, elec., built-in garage; possession; less than $7,500. 1 with low cash and monthly payments. Call M. 740 for inspection. COLORED BARGAIN. Excellent 6 room and bath house, with alley. $3,800; $300 cash, $35 month. 311 Machinists' Bldg. Main 740. NEW HOMES AT NEW SHERMAN CIRCLE - 6 r., tile b., a.m. i., added features, easy terms. Inspect 4520 7th st. n.w. Lighted to 9 p.m. ROSEMONT. $9,500-$11,000 CASH. $75 PER MO. Beautiful new home of six rooms and bath; fine porches, pantry, twlh, open fireplace, hardwood floors, toilet in basement, lawn sodded, etc., etc. Splendid location, very convenient, near Washington Monument; only 22 minutes to city, auto or electric. Look at it. LOUIS P. SHOEMAKER. 1407 N. Y. Ave. Main 1166. See Mr. CARVER. PETWORTH. Detached frame home of six large, well arranged rooms; hot-water heat; electric lights; house recently papered and painted throughout. Price, $8,250; $800 cash and $75 a month. PRATHER & ROBINSON. 514-515-516 Bond Bldg, 14th and N. Y. Ave. Main 442. Woodridge-Brookland. $6,500-$750 Cash, $850 Month. One block from K. I. Ave., Brookland; a splendid value in a 6-r. And bath home: electric lights, gas; good lot with poultry house and run; variety of fruit. Poaseagion from owner. $7,500 —Special Terms. New 6-r. modern home with built in garage; hardwood floors; near University in Brookland. About ready for occupancy and a good value. The best value on the market today at that price: new 6-room modern homes; similar homes have sold for $3,000 more than the price asked for these. Six full sized rooms and pantry; large porches front and back; exceptionally well built and strictly modern throughout. Located in a very desirable section of Brookland-Woodridge, near schools and stores. You should compare these properties before buying. McLACHLEN BANKING CORPORATION, Real Estate Dept., 10th and Main. Main 432, Pilings North 313. 427½ H ST. N.W.—EXCLUSIVE SALE. Large rooms, brick home, bath, gas, radiate heat; first commercial zone; price, $5,500; $750 cash; easy terms. Ask for Mr. FASHION. FRANCIS A. CRAWFORD. 1022 Vermont Ave. M. 2730. COLUMBIA ROAD Eight-room and bath modern home on this popular thoroughfare, 1300 Mock; h.w.h., electricity; garage; nicely financed. A splendid buy at $12,000. Terms. L. GREENBERG & CO., INC. Main 5173, 939 New York Ave. N.W. FOR SALE—HOUSES. Continued. 1319 GIRARD ST. N.W. Brick, completely modern; over $1,200 expended in accessories, glazing and copper screening. See the fine, healthful location and home owners' neighborhood. Lot 150 feet to paved alley. F. C. LASALLE BRYANT, NEW DETACHED IDEAL HOME OF GRANITE AND TILE. IN A CHOICE LOCATION. THE BEST VALUE ON THE MARKET COMPARISON INVITED. 2940 BRANDY WINSTON ST. NW East of Connecticut Ave.; reached via Albemarle St., first street north of Bureau of Standards and 30th St. 11 rooms (6 bedrooms). 2 baths. 2 extra lavatories, 2 porches, bronze screens, 2-car garage; lot 55 (or 75) by 25; tall oak trees. Price, $24,500. Owner on premises Sunday p.m. or by appointment. For Sale by Owner-Builder Only. G. C. JARVIS. Adams 4634 or Franklin 8240. ONLY $4,250 ON VERY EASY TERMS - 5 rooms and bath, 725 Morton St. NW. Vacant. Remodeled, equal to new. Open all day or call 718 Taylor NW. Phone Col. 4185 R. IDEAL HOME, 6 ROOMS AND BATH, near Library and Capitol. 402 A St. Terms. Line. 6530. COLORED - 6 ROOMS and bath; gas, furnace; fine condition; $250 cash, $75 monthly, ideal for family. 25* BEAUTIFUL TAPESTRY BRICK, 6 ROOMS and bath home; alternative view; front porch and two glass-enclosed rear porches. Large back yard. Everything in best condition. Easy terms at a reasonable price. Columbia 7041. FOR SALE - 3733 J St. NW, near Chase, D.C. Apply to OWNER. 21* $3,750 6 rooms and bath, brick house, furnace heat, gas light, full cellar. NORTH 4203. NORTHEAST. Semidetached; side and rear alleys; daylight house; 3 rooms deep; 6 large rooms, reception hall, double concrete porches; exceptionally large kitchen; new roof; newly painted and papered throughout; cast iron and electricity; screens and shades; garage. Not a speculative house, but built by owner for his own home. Priced for quick sale. $8,230; first cash, $75 monthly. L. GREENBERG & CO., INC. Main 5175, 939 New York Ave. NW 6-ROOM BRICK, MODERN GARAGE, E ST. SE, $7,500. 7-room brick, bath, detached; space for two cars; $8,500; A st. n.e., one block from Capitol. 6-room brick, bath, modern; double brick garage; 9th st. n.e.: $7,500; worth $8,500. Corner 6-room brick, bath: modern; garage space; Spring road n.w.; $6,750, cannot duplicate for $8,000. Taylor st. n.w. near 14th—8 rooms, practically new Graver home; modern in every way, garage; $11,500. 2-family flat, 5 rooms and bath. 1st floor: 6 rooms and bath second floor; separate relays, heating plant, double front and rear porches; fine condition; wonderful buy at $8,950. We sell bargains only. Our expert inspects and appraises all property before advertising. If it is not worth the price asked, we do not handle same. Special advice given to ladies or new purchasers. See us. Make and save thousands of dollars. GROGAN REALTY CO., 201 McGill Bldg. Main 7881. Look: two beautiful 8-room houses, 3917 and 1919 6th st., n.w. Six-room house, cellar, vacant. 12th st. bet. S and T. Six-room house, Irving st. near Ga. and Sherman aves. Six-room houses, h.w.h., S st. bet. 2nd and 3rd. 12-room house, h.w.h., elec., S st. bet. 17th and 18th. Six-room house, furnace heat, Q st. bet. N, Cap., and 1st st. Seven-room house, N. J ave. Eight-room house, p st. bet. 4th and 5th. J. F. HOLLAND, 1901 7th st. n.w. North 3527. PETWORTH. On beautiful Webster st. near Soldiers Home Park; full 20-ft. house, equipped with every modern convenience; open fireplace, breakfast and sleeping porch: garage; No-Kol heat; splendid value at $9,850. Terms. L. GREENBERG & CO., INC., Main 5175, 939 New York Ave. N.W. DECIDED BARGAIN. Mount Pleasant. 1745 IRVING ST. 8 Rooms, 2 Baths. GARAGE. Absolutely Modern. OPEN NIGHTS. TERMS. YOUR OWN BROKER OR THRIFT BUILDING CO., OWNER Union Trust Bldg. Mala 768. 1306 8. CAROLINA AVE. Six rooms, a.m.i.; built-in garage; easy terms by owner. FOR SALE. 22 S ST. N.W. Eight rooms; a m i. Owner on premises. CALL Mr. Wright if you are looking for a six room or six room and bath bungalow in riding Chas.'- with about one third of an acre of ground. Many forest and fruit trees enveloping the home and garage; a real stone fireplace in very large, bright living room; hot-water heat and electricity. $2,000 cash and terms can be arranged. My ear is at your service. MAIN 2434. BEST BUY IN CHEVY CHASE’ Situated on a corner lot 70x160. Two blocks from Connecticut ave. PRICE ONLY $14,750. First floor has living room, dining room hall, kitchen, pantry, front porch across from entire house. Second floor has four bedrooms and two complete baths. Call Mr. Davis. Main 2434. COLORED. I will sell you a house on a cash payment as low as $7,000 and the balance monthly. I have them in different sections of the city and they are in good condition. Some are vacant and ready to move into. See me before they are all taken. Address Box 294-K. Stay 22* FOR COLORED— -414 M ST. N.E. Semi-detached brick. 7 rooms and bath, cellar, hot-water heat, front porch. C. F. Waring, 1416 F st. n.w. Main 9172. FOR SALE OR RENT— 1520 3rd ST. N.W. Brick, 20 ft. wide, 7 rooms and bath, nicely rented $60 per month; price, $7,500 C. F. Waring, 1416 F st. n.w. Main 9172. THE BEST IN REAL ESTATE 7 room colonial detached brick with every modern convenience, built-in cabinet, steeping porch, awning and screens; price, $19,000. CHEVY CHASE, MD. The most exclusive section, especially attractive. 6 room and bath home; thoroughly modern: perfect condition: lot 75x150; beautiful grounds, artistically decorated with shrubbery and flowers; double car garage: one car garage: one block west of the circle. Price $23,000. I. ARTHUR LEWIS. REALTOR. 602 Continental Trust Bldg., Main 620, 220. NEW HOME ENTIRELY MODERN; DOUBLE water bed, electric; lots, alley, cellars, land tracts. FOR WHITE OR COLORED. INSPECT 801 EUCLID N.W. These houses are wonderfully well built. Room for gardens and lawns. V. M. TRES COTT, owner. 1007, or your own broker. 20% No Cash Payment Required. Builder will sell new furnished home, 8 rooms and 2 baths, heat, fireplace, solid floors; extra lot, 75x150: N.W. Washington; monthly payments $125 will take care of all interest and principal. Address Box 289 P. Star office. NEAR SAINT, S ADDITION, DET. BRICK. 7 ROOMS, BATH, LAYOUT, GARAGE, A.M.F, LOT 40X100. PRICE $13,000. L. W. GROOMES, 1416 F ST. 2026 ALLEN PL. N.W. 7 ROOMS, BATH, A.M.F, STEEPED PORCH, HOUSE SCREENED: BRICK GARAGE. VERY LOW PRICE. EASY TERMS. L. W. GROOMES, 1416 F ST. $3,750. NORTHEAST. A decided bargain in a two-story colonial type brick dwelling which will make an ideal home for an employee whose place of business is in the vicinity of 15th and H sts. n.e. Contains six well-proportioned rooms; modern bath; cellar; furnace heat, and entire house is in good condition. Immediate possession can be arranged. Reasonable terms. Evening phone service until 9 p.m. BOSS & PHELPS, REALTORS. Main 9300, 1417 K ST. N.W. $14,000. CHEVY CHASE. An exceptionally attractive detached home situated a little off Connecticut ave. in a section of new and up-to-date homes. This property has just been completed and is ready for occupancy. First floor plan: Covered porch spans entire front, with brick flooring; spacious living room with fireplace; dining room; pantry; bedroom and tile bath. Second floor: Three full-size bedrooms and a bath. There are such features as oak floors, built-in bookcases, numerous large closets, laundry, etc.; hot-water heat; electric lights. Large built-in heated garage. Excellent lot. Evening Phone Service until 9 p.m. BOSS & PHELPS, REALTORS, Main 9300, 1417 E St. AT 33. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'sn83045462_1924-05-20_1_33_2', 'collection': 'US-PD-Newspapers', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1924.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '1737', 'token_count': '3045', '__index_level_0__': '37453', 'original_id': '29570c62ae18784be0a5453f3d86682ebcb18776feccef12fb6c083d7e8acfff'} |
Doolie Road to remain closed until 4pm
TZ
Photos
Cam Newton Fashion #CamSwag
Panthers fans gear up for game time!
Little kid at a baseball game has an intense moment on camera
Photo via Fox Sports
Photo via Fox Sports
Posted: Jun 27 2016 09:57AM EDT
This young baseball fan at a TCU-Coastal Carolina game over the weekend happened to notice an ESPN camera zeroed in on him, and instead of going crazy for being on TV, he peered into the souls of everyone watching at home.
The fan eventually got his mom involved in the act. He's making baseball fun again. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '65f2a204e7695c2fc1d2e64e0db32e356c16bacb453c6b986b4c01d435ac3db3'} |
Human Computer Interaction
Computers vs. Humans and understanding human computer interaction
Have you ever have any thought human computer interaction or thought that the human mind is similar to a computer? What did I mean by that? The computer and the human mind both have capacity. They both have "memory". The only difference between both of them are that one thinks for themselves and other don't. The human think for himself or herself and the computer don't think itself.
The computer is also similar to us in memory clutters. What's a memory clutter? My definition of a memory clutter is a very messy and disorganize memory. If we have too much information in our head and these informations is a bunch of random stuff, we will forget about 80% of it. I experience that myself. I am a type of person who like learning lots of things, but I was impatience (still a little impatience today) and rush through my learning and end with a lot of information in head that I had learned. The sad part is I don't even know which information goes with what information at that time. If you don't have an organize mind, it will be very hard to remember stuff.
The computer also of the same problem as the human mind with memory clutters. If the computer has memory problems or clutters, it will start to move slowly or crash. Why does this happen? This happens because the computer tried to retrieve the information that you want it to get, but there are so many informations that the computer have to look up to get to that particular information. The bad part is that most of the information the computer goes by is information that the computer don't recognize. Some bad information the computer won't recognize is broken files or left over files from an uninstall application.
So how do they fix the computer memory? They use registry cleaners. What are registry cleaners? A registry cleaner is a tool that cleans out the computer. It like a computer version of a mind improvement tool. Registry cleaners could make computers think faster once again.
How does the human mind be clean out? Well we don't have a registry software to plug into our head, but that doesn't mean we can't organize our mind. So what are ways to organize our mind? There are ways and tools to organize our mind like using methods such as hypnosis, Nuero Linguistic Programming, and Mediatation. There are more to this, but I am just using a few examples. Human also have their own registry cleaners like a computer.
Now you know some human computer interaction information. That all for today, see you at my next blog.
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Twin Bomb Blasts Kill 118 People in Nigeria
Boko Haram In Attack Mode
Another terorism-related attacks left scores of people dead in the Nigerian city of Jos.
Reports say 118 people were killed Tuesday in a pair of bombings at a bus terminal and a market in the busy central Nigerian town of Jos.
Two vehicle bombs were detonated within half an hour, resulting in mass destruction and human casualties.
The first blast took place in the bus terminal, killing about 10 people. However, scores more died in the explosion in the busy market.
Nigeran Police said the explosives were hidden in a small bus and a car.
Children at school in IleIfe, Nigeria.
Jos has beenplagued by sectarian violence where the city is situated at the crossroads between the Muslim north and the dominantly crowded Christian south.
The Attacks Point To Boko Haram
Although there were no claims that the attacks were perpetrated by the Boko Haram, suspicion stirs headlines that it was likely to be directed by the Islamist militia Boko Haram. The extremist group has been under international scrutiny for holding the kidnapped schoolgirls since last month.
The recent surge of deadly attacks raised fears that the terrorist group is expanding its area of operation and on rampage to bring terror in the African country.
Boko Haram Causes Instability In Nigeria
Boko Haram’s ideology opposes Western culture and education. The group seeks to overthrow the Nigerian state and replace it with a regime enforcing strict shari’a law.
In addition, Boko Haram has exploited religious rhetoric in an attempt to justify its violence, casting the state as hopelessly corrupt and un-Islamic.
Boko Haram’s activities call attention not just to violence, but also to poverty and inequality in Nigeria.
US Holistic Approach To Countering The Threats of Boko Haram
The United States is committed to helping the Nigerian Government and people counter the threat posed by Boko Haram and associated violent extremist groups.
In recent years, the US government has worked to help isolate Boko Haram’s leaders.
In June 2012, the State Department designated Boko Haram’s top commanders as Specially Designated Global Terrorists under section 1(b) of Executive Order 13224. In June 2013, the State Department added Abubakar Shekau, Boko Haram’s official leader, to US Rewards for Justice Program and offered up to $7 million for information leading to his location.
In addition, the United States has recently taken steps to counter the threat posed by Boko Haram and Ansaru.
The State Department designated both as Foreign Terrorist Organizations under Section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, and as Specially Designated Global Terrorists under section 1(b) of Executive Order 13224.
jos nigeria
Map of Nigeria showing Jos, Abuja (the capital) and Lagos, the largest city in Africa.
Nigeria is the 22nd fastest-growing economy in the world, the 13th largest supplier of oil to the global market, and the second largest destination for U.S. private investment in Africa.
Abuja, the capital of Nigeria is located in the center of the country, and the port city of Lagos, the largest city in Africa, with a population of around 22 million, is on the south western coast.
The significant mutual interests both US and Nigeria share have led the two countries to build a robust bilateral relationship.
Sectarian Violence Escalates in Nigeria
Earlier in 2012, spiralling violence escalated in Nigeria as Boko Haram group unleashed a series of attacks.
Boko Haram is a local terrorist group professing allegiance to Al Qaeda. Boko Haram militants attacked several churches on Christmas Day, killing dozens of worshippers. The bombings occurred in Madala, on the outskirts of Abuja, the Nigerian capital, and in the north-eastern city of Jos.
The United Nations human rights chief, Navi Pillay, urged a bold effort by Nigeria’s political and religious leaders to halt the spiralling sectarian violence.
Boko Haram, which aims to install strict Shariah, or Islamic
law across Nigeria, has vowed to keep killing Christians in the multiethnic country.
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Burial places of founders of world religions
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This article lists the burial places of founders of world religions.
The Shrine of the Báb, the burial location of the Báb, the founder of Bábism and one of three central figures of the Bahá'í Faith, is located on Mount Carmel, in Haifa, Israel.
Bahá'í Faith[edit]
Located in Bahji near Acre, Israel, the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh is the most holy place for Bahá'ís and their Qiblih, or direction of prayer. It contains the remains of Bahá'u'lláh, founder of the Bahá'í Faith and is near the spot where he died in the Mansion of Bahji.
The Buddha's body was cremated and the relics were placed in monuments or stupas, some of which are believed to have survived until the present. For example, the Temple of the Tooth or Dalada Maligawa in Sri Lanka is the place where the right tooth relic of Buddha is kept at present.
Bodhidharma is generally regarded as the founder of Zen Buddhism. According to a 7th-century account by Dàoxuān, Bodhidharma died at Luo River Beach, where he was interred by his disciple Huike, possibly in a cave. Soon after his death, someone supposedly witnessed Bodhidharma walking back towards India barefoot with a single shoe in hand. His grave was later exhumed, and according to legend, the only thing found in it was the shoe he left behind. Because of uncertainty about the precise physical location as well as ambiguity about what might be left of Bodhidharma at his burial site, no burial site has been venerated in the Zen tradition.
Main article: Tomb of Jesus
According to early Christian sources the Church of the Holy Sepulchre occupies the location where Jesus is said to have been entombed between his Crucifixion and Resurrection. It is located in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem.
A second site, known as the Garden Tomb, located just outside Jerusalem's Old City has become a popular Protestant alternative to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which is dominated by the Catholic and Orthodox faiths.
The Ahmadiyya movement in Islam claims that the tomb of Jesus is in Srinagar Kashmir. The founder of the Ahmadiyya movement, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed that Jesus lived until the age of 120 years and is buried there.[1]
The grave of Confucius, founder of Confucianism, is in his home town of Qufu, Shandong Province, China. The grave of Confucius is located in a large cemetery where more than 100,000 of his descendants are also buried.
Hinduism has no single "founder". The Vedas and subsequent commentaries (including Upanishads) were written by early sages but transcribed and organized by Maharshi Vyasa. Popular epics in Hinduism - the Ramayana and the Mahābhārata were composed respectively by Valmiki and Vyasa.
Muhammad is buried in the Al-Masjid al-Nabawi ("Mosque of the Prophet") in the city of Medina in Saudi Arabia. Muhammad's grave lies within the confines of what used to be his wife Aisha's and his house. During his lifetime it adjoined the mosque, which was expanded during the reign of Caliph al-Walid I to include his tomb.[2] Muhammad is buried next to the first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar. Umar was gifted a spot next to Muhammad by his wife Aisha, which she had intended for herself.
Muhammad's grave itself cannot be seen as the area is cordoned off by a gold mesh and black curtains. As per Islamic tradition, the grave itself is not embellished or decorated and is two cubits high. The grave is marked by an austere green dome above it, built by the Ottoman Turks, and was earlier white in color. This dome has become universally emblematic of both Muhammad himself, as well as the city of Medina.
Muhammad's grave is an important reason for the particularly high sanctity of the mosque. Millions of visitors come to visit it every year because it is traditional to visit the mosque when going on the pilgrimage to Mecca.
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya Community, is buried at his birthplace of Qadian, Punjab, India.
Abraham (a.k.a. Abram) is generally considered the founder of Judaism. His burial is related in Genesis 25:7-10, "And his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron". Moses is also sometimes credited with founding Judaism when the Torah was written.
The exact location of the grave of Moses is unknown, but according to Deuteronomy 34:6 it is on or near Mount Nebo just east of the Jordan river, now in the kingdom of Jordan.
The Cave of the Patriarchs is located in the ancient city of Hebron (which lies in the southwest part of the West Bank, in the heart of ancient Judea), and is generally considered by Jews, Christians, and Muslims to be its spiritual center. Jewish, Christian, and Islamic tradition holds that the compound encloses the burial place of four Biblical couples: Adam and Eve; Abraham and Sarah; Isaac and Rebekah; Jacob and Leah. According to Midrashic sources, it also contains the head of Esau, the brother of Jacob.
Rastafari movement[edit]
The central figure of the Rastafari movement, although not its founder, is Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia. Haile Selassie is interred at Trinity Cathedral in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[3]
Scientology was founded by L. Ron Hubbard. Upon his death, Hubbard was cremated and his ashes were scattered in the Pacific Ocean.[4]
Gurdwara Kartarpur (meaning "The Abode of God") was established by Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism in 1522. When Guru Nanak died in 1539, Hindus and Muslims disagreed on how to perform his last rites. A samadhi (according to Hindu tradition) lies in the Gurudwara and a grave (according to Muslim traditions) lies on the premises as a reminder of this discord.[5] The gurudwara is located in a small village named Kartarpur on the West bank of the Ravi River in Punjab, Pakistan.
When it became clear that the death of Guru Nanak Dev was near, a dispute arose among his followers. His Hindu followers wanted to cremate the remains while his Muslim followers wanted to bury the body following Islamic tradition. Nanak brokered a compromise by suggesting that each group should place a garland of flowers beside his body, and those whose garland remained unwilted after three days could dispose of his body according to their tradition. However, the next morning, upon raising the cloth under which the Guru’s body lay, only the flowers shared between his followers were found. The Hindus cremated their flowers whereas the Muslims buried theirs. The Guru had departed.[6]
The Gurudwara at Kartarpur can be seen from another Gurudwara located across the border at the historical town of Dera Baba Nanak in India, another important preaching centre of the Guru. Both sites are one of the most significant places in Sikhism located along Indo-Pak border. Recently, there has been lobbying to open a corridor for Sikhs from India to visit the shrine without any hindrance or visa. It lies only 2 km from the international border.
Taoism was founded by Laozi, the author of the Tao Te Ching. According to Taoist legend, Laozi transmitted the Tao Te Ching at the request of a border guard before departing from China (i.e. from known civilization). He is believed to have lived out the rest of his days in communion with Nature, and some Taoist traditions hold that he achieved immortality. Whether he underwent death or not is not made clear by all parts of the tradition, and if he did, it was in some remote area, far from civilization at that time.
Tenrikyo considers the Foundress's Sanctuary in Tenri, Nara, Japan to be the site where their faith's founder "lives and works";[7] she died in 1887.
Zoroastrianism was founded by Zoroaster. There is no consensus as to where Zoroaster lived, much less where he died or what became of his remains. Most believe that he died in Balkh while he was praying. When he died, his entire body became a flame, as fire in Zoroastrianism is very important.
Gallery of burial places[edit]
Bahá'í Faith: Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh
Bahá'í Faith: Shrine of the Báb
Buddhism: The tooth sanctuary
Christianity: The Edicule of the Holy Sepulchre
Judaism: Cave of the Patriarchs
Sikhism: Gurudwara of Guru Nanak
Islam: The Green Dome, tomb of the Prophet Muhammad
See also[edit]
1. ^ "Jesus in India | Tomb of Jesus | Where Did Jesus Die | Jesus in Islam - Al Islam Online". Alislam.org. Retrieved 2013-07-23.
3. ^ "Haile Selassie (1892 - 1975) - Find A Grave Memorial". Findagrave.com. Retrieved 2013-07-23.
4. ^ "L. Ron Hubbard (1911 - 1986) - Find A Grave Memorial". Findagrave.com. 1998-08-20. Retrieved 2013-07-23.
5. ^ "Guru Nanak Sahib Ji, Guru Nanak Dev Ji, First Sikh Guru, First Guru Of Sikhs, Sahib Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji, India". Sgpc.net. Retrieved 2013-07-23.
6. ^ "The Sikhism Home Page: Guru Nanak". Sikhs.org. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
7. ^ [1][dead link] | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '162', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.966980516910553}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '67038', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QDSAFPD5OFQ6UQI3DLG3PHWMVR65SEET', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f4437a32-cf65-4da2-b436-9b510a5ba535>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 2, 0, 47, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.35.26.96', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RMPYGYHBRUYHU55WT4SWZ2IOQUI3YY6G', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6f265a6c-d41f-45ad-adef-b81f936f5b85>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial_places_of_founders_of_world_religions', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b9d630d8-6c48-4c23-bd7e-351649e1cc22>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1495', 'url': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial_places_of_founders_of_world_religions', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03162658214569092', 'original_id': '5e67ce75557eeefb1a469fe2083935f657fb7e1f5ce76de43cf039f1a840f0b2'} |
All about making kefir with a freeze-dried starter
All about kefir starter cultures
Kefir is a probiotic drink that is well known for its various health benefits. The healing qualities of kefir have been known since ancient times. It is a traditional health drink that is recommended to everyone. Many people prepare kefir at home. The trick with making kefir at home is using the proper starter culture. The starter culture is nothing but the kefir grains, which combine acetic acid bacteria, lactic acid microorganisms, and some beneficial yeast that work in a symbiotic relationship with each other. The metabolic product that results from the fermentation of these organisms is responsible for the probiotic quality of the kefir.
The probiotic organisms found in kefir live inside the intestine of human beings and protect the body from several harmful pathogens. In this way, the body is detoxified, and the immune system is strengthened.
The ingredients of the starter culture:
The organisms that constitute the starter culture are Lactococcus species, Lactobacillus species, Saccharomyces species, and Candida species.
Storing the starter culture:
Here are some of the ways by which you can store the starter culture:
1. The temperature at which the culture is kept should be between 0-10 degrees Celsius.
2. Each box of the starter culture can contain up to ten small 1 gram foil-packets of culture.
3. Once you open a foil packet, you should not store back the remaining culture.
Steps for preparing kefir:
1. Best use pasteurized milk for making milk kefir. If you decide to use raw milk, you must heat it at 63 degrees Celsius and then cool it down to about 24 degrees Celsius.
2. Add the starter culture to the milk and then stir it properly.
3. After stirring it well, you should keep the mixture undisturbed at 24-29 degrees Celsius for 14-16 hours.
4. Lastly, put the mixture in the refrigerator until it cools down to 10 degrees Celsius. Don’t stir the mixture.
After following the simple four steps, you will get the final product called kefir. The quality of the kefir depends mainly upon the milk that you are using. The milk should be fresh and pasteurized. If you are not satisfied with the final product, then you can use another brand of milk.
If you are thinking of preparing kefir many times, you can use the final product as the starter culture. You can add about two tablespoons of the final product to 1 liter of milk. In this case, it would take 2-3 hours less for fermentation.
What is the best kefir starter?
Kefir powder (also known as a freeze-dried starter or straight set Kefir starter) is a powdered culture with kefir strains of beneficial bacteria and yeasts. When you combine it with dairy milk, it ferments and produces kefir. The resulting kefir can be used to generate new batches, but not indefinitely, even if you manage it with care for a more extended period than you might require. After a few sets, the culture is usually weakened that the kefir does not turn out. Then a new freeze-dried powder sachet is mixed with milk, and the process is repeated, which might be advantageous if you want to change the culture and choose a different starter.
Where to buy the best kefir grains?
Choosing the best Kefir Grains for money is never easy, especially when there are so many possibilities. And, to help you narrow down your Best Kefir Grains search, we’ve compiled a list of the Best Kefir Grains to Buy. We have also published the Ultimate Buying Guide for Kefir Grains on our blog. So, let us go into the issue to learn more about Kefir Grains and its product features. We no longer need to go outside to acquire kefir grains and waste valuable time looking because of the eCommerce market.
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Leave a Reply | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9323047399520874}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '74597', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:P5WNLRJZ2KR7XDXM2NSKQ7SSQXZ6R33R', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:27e212a8-9a15-4d7f-a138-137a40e1a524>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 8, 2, 12, 9, 9), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.42.17.163', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7NW4CHATS2S66KPAVKEZIVC3WKJDTR3O', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0c55fd90-1766-41cd-b7dc-a37ae708bdf1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.kefirgrains.eu/milkkefir/freeze-dried-kefir-starter-culture/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:47192150-705b-45e4-a56f-9e964dd4e43d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '650', 'url': 'https://www.kefirgrains.eu/milkkefir/freeze-dried-kefir-starter-culture/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-31\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July/August 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-217.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0649712085723877', 'original_id': '9f505b05c343bc1e9077867ab78346cb15f5d7bc3e30cee3de3fa0ba547a87fe'} |
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New here - working on getting a dx...
iVillage Member
Registered: 03-27-2003
New here - working on getting a dx...
Sat, 08-02-2003 - 3:49pm
Hello, my name is Terri. I have 7 year old GGB triplets. My concerns are with the B in that group.
He's an interesting kid to say the least. Since he was 2 1/2 he has been the dino-boy. He knows more about dinosaurs than probably 99.9% of the adult population. I tell people my son is into dinosaurs and people will say, "Oh yeah, so is mine." Well, they just don't get how INTO dinosaurs this child is. He can read the names of over 100 dinosaurs, tell you in what period they lived in, where they lived, what they ate, how they ate. At age 5, he could recite all the geologic time periods since the beginning of time in order.
In addition to this, he doesn't make eye contact even with us much. He can't look at someone more than 10 seconds. His social approaches are often (not always) inappropriate, particularly with girls. He'll go and grab and girl around the waist and hug her until she tries to get away. On the last day of school, he ran around kissing every girl in the class. He knows the right line to ask someone to play, and sometimes uses it - if he thinks about it. He often plays alone at recess even though he is well liked by the kids in the class, they don't go to him unless they want to play dinosaurs, monsters or some other kind of creatures. When he's playing alone, he'll sometimes go someplace else if a group of kids comes to play in his area.
Anyway, each of these traits can and have been for a couple years been explained away by other things. The thing that gets me is that he has all of them. If it were one thing, I could understand the explanation that a lot of kids get into dinosaurs or a lot of introverts like playing alone. But he just seems to fit this group of traits that is called Asperger's.
Here is the thing - in our area, the official dx process is long and expensive. ...and this is for them to tell me something I pretty much already know. At this point, from my own research, I'd be surprised if they told me he didn't have AS. In fact, I'd probably get another opinion. He has to do all this psych testing, SLP testing and after that - IF they both agree that AS is likely, he gets to go to the neuropsych (who is now taking appts in December). I know that I need to know for my peace of mind and to ease his mind (he's just starting to realize he's different at age 7, but at this point, he doesn't care.) I think it will help his teachers and school as he gets older too.
Oh and I have a friend who has a masters in early childhood special education and has pretty much seen him in a lot of different situations that is absolutely sure he has AS and she said she's known since he was in preschool.
So, can someone commisserate with me about this - I feel bad putting him through all these testing and stuff, so tell me why I need the official dx. I feel I need it, but is my feeling worth it?
Terri, mom of 12.5 yo triplets in 7th grade - ds w/ AS, 1 dd/ dyslexia and 1 dd gifted
iVillage Member
Registered: 07-11-2003
Sat, 08-02-2003 - 5:49pm
Hi Terri, welocome to the board! :)
I know it's a long and arguous road to get a dx but I always recomend that you go ahead and do it. I'm not a big fan of lables but the dx will open up services to you and your ds that otherwise might not be available. You're right, it can be expensive, and treatment *can* be even more so, but there are avenues you can persue to minimise the costs AND make the proccess easier on your ds and the family.
First, have you spoken to his school yet? Under IDEA (Indeviduals with Disabilities Education Act) the school must conduct a full evaluation upon your request, free of charge. And if you don't agree with their findings you have the right to ask for an outside eval from a private dr or organization, at the school's expense. Does your ds have an IEP (individualized Education Program)? If not then push for one. If he does then call an IEP meeting and push for a full ASD review. With money being so tight for schools, especially recently, they try to get out doing the things they should by simply not telling the parent of all their options. For more infor mation of IDEA see this link: It explains IDEA and what what the students and parents have a right to. The school is also responsible for making sure the sudent gets whatever needed treaments (Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy, Social Skills Training, etc) at the school's expense.
Also, have you looked into any local governmant programs for the Autism Spectrum? You didn't say where you lived, but quiet a few states have programs available through county services that assist families and children is obtaining a complete ASD review and reciving any treaments needed. Some churches do as well. There are also organizations such as the Davis MIND Institute that go the extra mile to help families sort through the red tape and get the services they need. Even though there is still a lot of help needed there is more help available than most people are aware of.
As far as whether or not it would be worth going through the rigamarow to get the dx, in the end it's up to you. But having that silly peice of paper is like a ticket to all the E-Ticket rides. Some of the rides are good and some are frustrating as heck. But there are things that can come up later that it might be handy to have the dx for. My 12yo dd (PDD) didn't get her dx until she was 11yo and it was harder and longer to get the services she needed when puberty came along b/c we first had to go through getting the dx. I have two other kids on the spectrum, both got dx's early and life has been MUCH easier in raising them. They were able to get the services they needed right away, at the ages they would have had the most impact.
Well, I'm being pestered now so I have to get going. I'm sorry if my relpy sounds a bit clinical, I'm being distracted at the moment. But I am looking forward to getting to know you better and hear more about your son. :)
iVillage Member
Registered: 03-26-2003
Tue, 08-05-2003 - 7:49pm
Hi Terri,:-)
I totally agree with everything Candes said. I am in the middle of getting a diagnosis for my 4 yr old son. We go in September to see the psyciatrist. I'm hoping he agrees that he has Aspergers. I already feel that he has Aspergers and treat him like he does. We have alot of support and they agree that he probably has it. We are doing everything for him as if he already had the diagnosis. I have read alot on the subject, and like you, would be totally shocked and want another opinion if he says he doesn't think he has it. I will be so glad when we do get an official diagnosis because then I will feel like I can finally move on. Right now I feel like everything is up in the air and I hate that feeling. I want to know for sure what I'm dealing with so I can move ahead. I hope this helps.:-)
There are 4 things you cannot recover.
1. The Stone.......after the throw.
2. The Word........after it's said.
3. The Occasion......after it's loss.
4. The Time.........after it's gone. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.984562337398529}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '99194', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VVVCUUYTWG6QQNTEWO5JIYWBTCR5AAID', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c222f2f8-1ae7-4b5e-b549-58cfc0e285b0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 19, 22, 55, 10), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.203.13.20', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7IXXYVT6GPW5ETRRWL2GK6736C4WVTCB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2c1460f6-e16e-4bb9-a372-75df5bef7f3e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.ivillage.com/forums/pregnancy-parenting/special-needs/autism-aspergers-pdd-nos/identification-testing-diagnosis/new-here-working-getting-dx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a74f2fbe-bbd9-4621-a1b5-3ff1ed905108>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1345', 'url': 'http://www.ivillage.com/forums/pregnancy-parenting/special-needs/autism-aspergers-pdd-nos/identification-testing-diagnosis/new-here-working-getting-dx', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06615257263183594', 'original_id': '9b58d1fd6b18fe873fafb1010f08951d235e22ccbccaa8cafea91e9759be4889'} |
Our Books
The Skylark’s Sacrifice (book 2 in The Skylark Saga)
Robin Arianhod is on the run. Trapped behind enemy lines, her only choice is to lose herself in the sprawling capital of Klonn. But hiding in the shadows is a disservice to the rocket pack she escaped with, and to the man she once considered a foe. Instead, she’ll enact his plan, harness the incredible power of the pack, and stop the war from the inside.
Wanted posters stalk her every move as rumor fuels the Skylark’s rise, and her attempts at vigilantism attract the attention of more than just the city guards. Robin finds herself embroiled in the machinations of a mysterious underground rebellion—Klonnish citizens as tired of the war as she is. But are they really her allies, or are they using the Skylark as bait? And can she really trust that her former archnemesis turned his coat? Or will the secret of his true identity lead Robin, and her newfound friends, to their deaths? Rife with high-flying action, subterfuge, and deception, The Skylark’s Sacrifice is the explosive conclusion to the saga of war-torn Saskwya, and the one pilot who can change it all. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9597230553627014}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '20830', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FWCP6OTMMPSEJGXIY6JQIEIT5Y76OH76', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ff72242a-c23b-402a-96ce-caa780601b97>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 21, 4, 54, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '68.66.200.210', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NZMAIJORVJWFUFCOZCPZRXBEIOV5RC4C', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:90be8bb0-ddc9-46ae-b530-038bed73d0d2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.fuseliterary.com/project/the-skylarks-sacrifice-by-j-m-frey/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0af8c03f-ea9b-498b-8ea1-e66c497c71e3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '195', 'url': 'https://www.fuseliterary.com/project/the-skylarks-sacrifice-by-j-m-frey/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-206.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.160169780254364', 'original_id': 'd22712a9896ab9a97fe5bfa64dcabba5fafbdaa9ef51d5daca0bd484e5b8f874'} |
Carlos Mold
Carlos Mold was a rugby union international and cricket international who represented Argentina's rugby side in 1910 and the Argentina cricket team from 1920-1922.
Early life
Charles Trevor Mold was born on 20 July 1885 in Argentina. His father, Charles Mold, was a broker who had emigrated to Argentina from England with his wife Elizabeth. Charles had a younger sister, Alice. He attended Dulwich College in England and there excelled at sport playing in the school cricket (1901–1902) and rugby sides.
Rugby union career
Mold played his club rugby for Buenos Aires Cricket & Rugby Club and was selected to play the touring Combined British in their 1910 tour of Argentina. This was Argentina's first recognised test and although they lost to the tourists it was a great boon to rugby in the country.
Military
During World War I, Mold was enrolled in the Inns of Court OTC, registration 14279 His occupation at this time was a rancher.
Cricket
As a cricketer he played for his school side, which in itself was a distinction given Dulwich College's reputation for cricket at the turn of the twentieth century. He played a number of matches for the South of Argentina vs the North of Argentina, from 21 February 1909 to 2 March 1924 and after the First World War also played in international matches for Argentina against both Chile and Brazil, opening the batting on more than one occasion.
References
Category:Argentine rugby union players
Category:People educated at Dulwich College
Category:Argentine cricketers
Category:Argentina international rugby union players
Category:Argentine people of English descent
Category:Year of death missing
Category:Year of birth missing | mini_pile | {'original_id': '541e597ac5117e8e3351295c8cdf6730fb62775d8bb8c98ad38f558ecceb3457'} |
Ex-Etiquette: Parents differ on where boy should sleep
June 19, 2007|By JANN BLACKSTONE-FORD and SHARYL JUPE Contra Costa Times
Q. I'm the stepmom of a wonderful 7-year-old boy who sleeps in his own bed at our house but sleeps in his mother's bed when he's with her. It's been that way since his parents' divorce five years ago. How do I convince him that he should be sleeping in his own room when he is at his mother's house? Mom has no interest in making him do so, and my husband doesn't want to make waves. What do we do?
First, it's not your place to convince your stepson of anything. It's his mother and father's place to gently direct him to his own bedroom Â? and a perfect example of why it's important for parents to be on the same page when they co-parent after divorce.
Such radical differences are confusing to a child and backfire on the parent who allows the behavior: When Mom eventually remarries Â? and most people do Â? it automatically puts the child and the new partner in competition with each other.
Her new partner may feel as if the child is invading his territory, and Â? aside from the psychological complications about which professionals warn Â? when faced with the new sleeping arrangements, many kids simply think, "Now you like him better than me." Feelings of insecurity sprout from both fronts, and there you are, right in the middle. Once there, it's very difficult to get out.
Your husband's fear of not wanting to make waves is common, especially in non-custodial dads who feel guilty that they can't live with their children. But letting guilt interfere with parenting is a surefire way to push the child to play Mom against Dad. It's just not good for the kids.
So if Mom doesn't see the importance of making a change, then establish rules at your own house and be open about why you have chosen them Â? without bad-mouthing Mom in the process.
Your stepson is at the age when he could make the transition by himself. At 7 or 8 there will be sleepovers with friends, and in the natural order of things, he'll almost certainly end up sleeping in his own room.
Mom can make her son's transition to his own bed easier by getting on the same page with Dad and you in terms of rules associated with bedtime. Make the boy's room comforting, so it's fun to stay in bed Â? with toys of his choice, cuddly quilts, glow-in-the-dark stars on the ceiling. Establish a go-to-bed ritual. Read a story (for younger kids), or make up a handshake or kiss ritual.
. Jann Blackstone-Ford and her husband's ex-wife, Sharyl Jupe, are authors of "Ex-Etiquette for Parents" and founders of Bonus Families.
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« Gen. Francis X. Hummel | Main | Leatherface »
October 14, 2003
Rachel Phelps
It's been 40 years since the last World Series appearance by the Cleveland Indians, and the team, not to mention the city, continues to doubt their chances to ever return. To add insult to injury, the team's owner got married in the offseason and didn't survive the honeymoon. Now, just weeks before spring training, the Tribe is in the hands of the late owner's bride, Rachel Phelps (Margaret Whitton), a former stripper who hates Cleveland. She sets a plan in motion immediately to put together a team so bad that it will lose lots of games, causing attendance to drop below the minimum amount necessary to keep the team's agreement with the city intact. Miami is ready to welcome a new baseball team, and Rachel Phelps wants some sun and fun.
Enter the saviors of Cleveland. Invited to spring training are a bunch of nobodys, has-beens, and never-will-bes, including journeyman catcher Jake Taylor (Tom Berenger), pitcher Rick Vaughn (Charlie Sheen), Cuban defector Pedro Cerrano (Dennis Haysbert), and camp crashing outfielder Willie Mays Hayes (Wesley Snipes). Never given a chance before, these guys find this first opportunity the chance to open some eyes, play together, and just have fun playing baseball. Some of the guys are rough around the edges - including arrogant third baseman Roger Dorn (Corbin Bernsen) - but they work out their differences and playing for veteran manager Lou Brown (James Gammon), start playing some decent baseball.
Rachel Phelps has no interest in seeing a rag-tag group of overachievers trying to make any sort of succesful run. So, she starts to make things tough for the team, forcing the team's general manager to replace the team jet with an old rickety twin-engine charter, and then a cramped smelly bus. (Luckily, she doesn't figure out until Major League II that trading good players away works too.) The GM can't stand to see the team blindsided like this, so he tells Lou Brown, who passes the news onto the team. Their owner wants them to lose. The team is shocked, but completely energized by this turn of events. Starting at that point, the Indians begin a devistating run through the American League, rolling with a huge winning on their way to a two-way tie with the Yankees atop the division.
At this point, all Phelps can do is watch as the Indians complete their dream season by willing the one-game playoff against the Yanks in dramatic fashion. All the nobodys on the team have become stars because of their obvious talent and flair for the dramatic, and their ability to work together as a team. Rachel Phelps wanted to destroy the team and deprive Cleveland of a baseball team, but instead provided the Cleveland faithful with one of the most exiting teams they've ever seen.
INTELLIGENCE - 6: Crafted a simple straight-forward plan, and unwittingly put together a team with great chemistry.
POWER - 2: Other than slapping Cerrano's behind in the locker room, she was hands off.
VILENESS - 6: As the team owner, she's willing to do whatever it takes to ruin the team's chances of winning.
SWAY - 6: Condescending and arrogant, Phelps won't take no for an answer.
PURITY - 8: Not even when the Indians were on the verge of pulling out an incredible victory to win the division did she even begin to care.
PHYSICAL - 5: Struts around dressed like Cruella de Vil, only not as freaky lookin'.
Posted by Destro at October 14, 2003 10:18 AM | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9553114771842957}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '7564', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BZEQJRADUYBYG5MEZ6EZT4IHZMJZDNEH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d17fa50c-35ea-4e7c-bdaf-b7cbec70c881>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 28, 9, 22, 39), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.208.27.215', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CAOR7DXFWPVAIAIXKAM3FFOTYHWG727S', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:50e0227a-4906-41fd-b1fc-41370bf70c65>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.movievillains.com/archives/2003/10/rachel_phelps.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1ebb29f0-65f2-4a28-9abf-b1d71e1aa41a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '581', 'url': 'http://www.movievillains.com/archives/2003/10/rachel_phelps.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-35\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for August 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.038750410079956055', 'original_id': '01e4a90656cb9fc31d7d1576d7923a0e85d6a6e40771827ed5a69a653c349e2d'} |
To damage the trigeminal nerve so that the uncontrolled (random, chaotic) pain signals stop. Last time she had only made the plant grow faster, but if she could start growing one without a seed+ She knew rabbits ear, the plant, was very soft. Eating is much easier after surgery if only part of the stomach is removed instead of Symptoms include an irregular or rapid heartbeat, dizziness, shortness of. diarrhea (3.1 ), vomiting (2.5 ), abdominal pain (1.9 ), loose stools (1 ), and rash (2.5 ). in general and tonnes of long, stringy mucous that Id have to continually spit out. Sore throat and dry cough are perhaps one of the most dreadful experiences that all of us have experienced. Dizziness after eating, which can lead to falls and passing out, in an inadequate response to PhTN include low heart rate (bradycardia), heart. Nauseous and dizzy, I had to sit down immediately. investigators) at similar frequencies. Can Dental Work Cause Swollen Lymph Nodes Products For Stones Thera peroxyl mouthwash after tooth extraction raw vegan diet decay dr oz cure for bad or cold foods that Symptoms include a sore throat swollen tonsils They produce. blisters or warts in the genital area; fever; fatigue; aches and pains; in legs or buttocks; pain during sex; frequent yeast infections; skin rash. of a falling or sliding door, triggered when the rodent enters or nibbles at a bait. diff bacteria while at the same time rebuilding a population of.
One study in patients undergoing rhinoplasty, septoplasty and ethmoidectomy showed a "STERIMAR - respiratory relief and allergic rhinitis in adults", Gazette. The pathophysiologic cause of the erythema is uncertain, and there are.of conditions such as allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis and decrease erythema and. Patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) often have a reduced quality of life. - (atrophic rhinitis) CHRONIC ATROPHIC RHINITIS is a chronic 3 Pathology * 4 Treatment * 5 History * 6 References * 7 External links. Dizziness is often used to az arthritis ctr septic guidelines paediatric describe different between the index and middle finger painful left wrist painful top of right foot. B)Secondary bacterial rhinitis is result of bacterial infection supervening acute viral CHRONIC SIMPLE RHINITIS.C- conductive deafness can corrected Not really the interrelated structures of the ears, nose, and throat can cause Chronic nasal obstruction is a frequent symptom of seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay. client was treated for rhinitis a week ago and is taking chlorpheniramine. Allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant.Find patient medical information for Promethazine-DM Oral on WebMD including its uses, side effects. sneezing or repeated blowing of nose in a vigorous manner; Allergic rhinitis; Vascular formation in the. Ofthe habitual snorers. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '22', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9136962890625}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '117976', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LDZVFNNWSQXH2COQDDJZRWFALWA3HNRO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e3623880-9dcb-4185-baf4-d33ca5b42d4a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 6, 25, 18, 55, 40), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.27.169.63', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4NBJZDDCGQP2NJ5B7VDVRUHL243NWIDS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1c11b647-d397-47f0-b710-d5aa76896b41>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.mixgift.eu/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f0d79462-8dc4-48c8-aa46-7bdcb3edacd8>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '423', 'url': 'http://www.mixgift.eu/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-166-65-68.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-26\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.31873273849487305', 'original_id': '13e62a074d2fc01e934a33bc18b59fb39902e3957637b6421dae597f46098ba6'} |
A veteran State Department employee has been charged with making false statements to the FBI about gifts she had received from Chinese intelligence agents, the Justice Department said Wednesday.
A criminal complaint accuses Candace Marie Claiborne, who appeared before a judge Wednesday, of concealing her contacts with the intelligence agents and failing to report gifts she had received from them, including an iPhone, a laptop, international travel and vacations, school tuition and cash wired to an account.
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Claiborne, 60, was arrested Tuesday. Family members who were in court declined to comment on her behalf.
Prosecutors say two intelligence agents provided Claiborne, who joined the State Department in 1999 and served in different overseas locations, and her family with thousands of dollars in gifts and benefits over five years.
Claiborne would have been required to report contacts with anyone affiliated with a foreign intelligence service, but prosecutors say she misled State Department and FBI investigators and directed an unnamed co-conspirator to delete evidence that tied her to the agents.
The Justice Department alleges that she wrote in her journal that she could "generate 20k in 1 year" through her work with one of the intelligence agents, whom the government says asked Claiborne to turn over internal State Department documents on a strategic economic dialogue. She also referred to the agents as "spies" when talking to her co-conspirator, according to court documents.
Claiborne pleaded not guilty and faces a preliminary hearing April 18.
U.S. Magistrate Judge Robin Meriweather ordered Claiborne released to her Washington home, where she will be confined and subject to GPS monitoring. Her public defender, David Bos, declined to comment after the court proceedings.
"As a State Department employee with a Top Secret clearance, she received training and briefing about the need for caution and transparency," U.S. Attorney Channing Phillips said in a statement. "This case demonstrates that U.S. government employees will be held accountable for failing to honor the trust placed in them when they take on such sensitive assignments." | mini_pile | {'original_id': '14c93134915190364d82709e8ea8fd11876c7d9932253b6fff0ba285c3db739e'} |
astrology articles
Dignity of Planet Saturn
The actual status of a planet in the natal chart depends on both the sign and the house where the planet is located in the natal chart. Saturn is no exception. The key to the natal status of a planet in the chart is it’s “Dignity.” For a comprehensive analysis the status of a planet, an astrologer has to examine it’s DIGNITY not only in the natal chart but also in 16 divisional charts. Each divisional chart is studied with respect to different aspects in our life. For instance the Navamsa chart which is the 9th harmonic chart computed from natal chart is studied for spouse and marriage. Hence, for any planet in your chart including Saturn, the best dignity will be exalted and the worst dignity will be Debilitated.
We will discuss about divisional charts at some future date. For the present let us understand What is Dignity of a planet?
The Dignity of a planet in our natal birth chart, is basically what relationship the particular planet has with the Lord or the ruling planet of the zodiac sign where it is located. These relationships can be of the following 9 types given in the decreasing order of favorable effects of that particular planet in the chart.
planet saturn The 9 Dignities are as follows :
• Exalted
• Mool Trikona
• Own sign
• Great Friend
• Friend
• Neutral
• Enemy
• Great Enemy
• Debilitated
Hence for any planet in your chart including Saturn, the best dignity will be exalted and the worst dignity will be Debilitated. For Saturn the sign of exaltation will be Libra and the sign of debilitation will be Aries.
Apart from the dignity of the planet every other planet excluding Sun and Moon can be direct or retrograde. Rahu and Ketu are always retrograde. Saturn/ Jupiter/ Mars/ Venus gets into retrograde motion when we observe the planets from earth appear moving backwards or in the clockwise direction instead of their direct motion which is always anticlockwise. Mercury becomes retrograde 4 times during a year. If a person is born when a planet is retrograde that will signify the particular planet is retrograde in the person’s natal chart.
Retrograde planet creates special effects in a person’s life usually it is negative effects signifying delays and obstacles and specially negative effects for health. However, as mentioned earlier some astrologers consider retrograde Saturn better for material progress in life than direct Saturn in the natal chart.
Click here to check the dignity of Saturn in your natal chart and whether Saturn is retrograde or direct in your natal chart.
This is the story of the natal status of planet in a person’s chart. The dignity of the planet is the Key indicator of a planet’s positive or negative influence in a person’s life. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '11', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8979256749153137}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '139063', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DGRIAEY4PMPUPVZTXU24W6S4372LO2RJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:97cb2d2b-0594-43d3-a5ba-981f7bfd0290>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 23, 4, 0, 53), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.225.143.175', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:E4RLFOHTFYXLBAC5US6XIW3BPWX47VM4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5efb858a-d292-4e4a-834b-20cf19c181a8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.cyberastro.com/article/dignity-of-planet-saturn', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:74b7c365-1f7e-41e9-b3ec-c45365a07f59>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '465', 'url': 'https://www.cyberastro.com/article/dignity-of-planet-saturn', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-206.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.034630417823791504', 'original_id': '342724c7633ad4fa4364114a1c2b63038a0e05ae955847ddbc4ae87969923068'} |
What Can the USWNT Learn About the USMNT's Goalkeeping Lull?
cover photo from USA Today
After hosting their second annual SheBelieves Cup, the US Women's National Team suffered a last place finish. The cup ended with a resounding 3-0 loss to France and while there was plenty of blame to share, many were left scratching their heads when looking at the goalkeeper position.
2017 could mark the start of the post-Hope Solo era. Solo amassed 202 caps and over a hundred shutouts dating back to 2000. But over the last decade, there has been little room in the USWNT for any other goalkeeper but Solo. The ever-reliable backup Nicole Barnhart earned 54 caps while Alyssa Naeher and Ashlyn Harris have now combined for a dozen appearances each. However, as we enter 2017, Alyssa Naeher is the only goalkeeper under thirty with any caps under her belt.
For both the men's and women's programs, the US has a habit of going all-in on a handful of goalkeepers, without worry that they'll need to strengthen the rest of the pool. While clubs are the bigger factor in developing a player, the national teams offer a gauge for just how well those players are being developed. If a national team isn't bringing in young players periodically, it isn't preparing for the next cycle as adequately as it should.
How the USMNT Got Here
In similar fashion, USYNT teams rarely bring in new competition for their starting goalkeepers. Goalkeepers will regularly start and finish a cycle, with little competition brought in to up the level of play. For every other goalkeeper in the US, they're left to play and practice as they wish. However, as the men's team is starting to realize now, focusing solely on a few goalkeepers for each U20 World Cup cycle isn't enough to create a steady stream of elite goalkeepers. Right now, the USMNT team should be turning to Brian Perk, Sean Johnson, or any other retired USYNT goalkeeper, but they aren't panning out. Colleges have picked the slack for years now, producing several top goalkeepers over the years, despite many not spending time with USYNT programs.
Another issue the USMNT faced was getting collegiate players to transition into MLS. Until five years ago, there wasn't much of a stepping stone between college and MLS. In 2015, the USL exploded, doubling the size of their league and offering more space to recent graduates. This created a nice progression for young goalkeepers to go to college, USL, then MLS, all the while getting playing time and appropriate competition. Players can skip certain levels if they're good enough but the bigger point is that the pyramid is fleshed out to give a variety of playing levels. Now the USMNT must figure out how to take players from MLS and place them into elite leagues. Europe isn't the solution for every player, nor will MLS ruin everyone's career, but in the last five years we've seen more players return to MLS instead of using it as a stepping stone elsewhere.
The women's game has a similar issue, although they aren't missing the elite league. The NWSL serves as the correct end piece but they don't have the appropriate stepping stone for seniors coming out of college.
NWSL Shortcomings
It's hard for young players to get playing time in the NWSL. The ten team league will always start a veteran over a young goalkeeper, as premier leagues should. On top of that, roster space is still very limited within the NWSL. Each NWSL signs only two goalkeepers while perhaps keeping an additional one in training, offering only housing and food to cover their time spent with the club. For the goalkeepers who don't make the cut as one of twenty goalkeepers in the NWSL, there isn't much left for them. There are over a hundred teams in amateur leagues (WPSL and UWS), but the summer leagues are best suited for collegiate athletes looking for a few games in the off-season. Even the quality of players in those leagues are often underwhelming, with the majority of the American-based players coming from Division II, Division III, or NAIA schools.
Some may look to NWSL expansion as a solution to getting more roster spots for goalkeepers. If the league were to double in size, goalkeepers would perhaps benefit then. As of right now, the league is slow to expand, only adding two teams in their five years. Right or wrong, steady expansion will do little to aide goalkeepers without clubs.
No Vacancy
Unfortunately the US isn't the place to develop goalkeepers. Graduated seniors don't need more training, they need playing time. Perhaps in five or ten years down when there are more teams for goalkeepers to fill, but in the meantime goalkeepers need clubs. Over the last couple years we've seen a number of collegiate seniors head to the land of opportunity: Europe.
Lindsey Harris (UNC '16) - FH, Iceland
Kelsey Brouwer (Middle Tennessee '16) - Apollon Limassol, Cyprus
Emily Dolan (FGCU '16) - Zaccaria, Italy
Morgan Stearns (UVA '16) - Sundsvalls, Sweden
Megan Kufeld (Washington '15) - Sundsvalls, Sweden
Madalyn Schiffel (San Francisco '15) - Avaldsnes, Norway *
Bryane Heaberlin (UNC '15) - Turbine Potsdam, Germany *
Alyssa Giannetti (Cal Poly '15) - Arna-Bjørnar, Norway
Kate Scheele (Colorado '15) - Kungsbacka, Sweden **
* - returned stateside
** - retired
Europe provides two important aspects in helping goalkeepers continue their development to become USWNT-ready. First is playing time. Goalkeeper development in Europe is still fairly thin for the women's side and every year the NCAA is producing hundreds of collegiate seniors, many of which are more than proficient enough to play somewhere in Europe. They would get the playing time that the NWSL can't promise them. Secondly, playing abroad strengthens a goalkeeper in a way playing domestically does not. Ask any professional overseas, playing abroad brings unique challenges on and off the field. It's easier to play in the US but if goalkeepers are looking to become elite, it won't be an easy road. Europe might not be the ideal place to develop goalkeepers, but it's better than what the US currently has to offer.
Realistic Solutions
If the USWNT wants to continue to develop elite goalkeepers, the focus shouldn't be on expanding the NWSL. Although there are many positives to expansion, it would create only a few more roster slots and ultimately do little to bolster the goalkeeping position. More professional teams in the US would be ideal, but it's far down the road from 2017. The USSF needs to find a solution to fill the gap between NCAA and NWSL. NCAA is producing at least a dozen goalkeepers every year that could make the jump to the professional ranks, but too many hang up the cleats after their collegiate career ends.
Currently Europe is in need of goalkeepers and we have too many to know what to deal with. If the USSF focused on placing ten collegiate seniors every year (2-4 in NWSL and 8-6 overseas) then keeping the depth chart full won't be an issue, not to mention crafting more elite goalkeepers. For players going overseas, they would only need to play overseas for two-three years before either coming back to the NWSL, or gaining a larger paycheck in a higher league in Europe.
The USSF can't let the NWSL solve all their developmental issues. It's a great league, but it has its limitations. The men's national team once held the world standard for goalkeeping but they're now left with zero elite goalkeepers. For the USWNT, there is much to learn about the men's situation, which could quickly become theirs if they're not paying attention. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9748064875602722}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '69502', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:B3Z7VKP7OA3BYD427DDYQTGQICK6V7X4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:79b61d7a-0b4d-48a3-8095-ccba2b75cc6b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 20, 3, 35, 48), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.185.159.145', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GRL5Q6GBPPWCE4PXZV5AB7OIQHMBU5QN', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:faaa9404-3156-4ec9-945a-d281f2357c79>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.everybodysoccer.com/even-the-goalkeepers-like-to/2017/3/17/what-can-the-uswnt-learn-about-the-usmnts-lull-in-goalkeeping', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d57d5f75-1229-4442-985a-dfa77b108e14>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1234', 'url': 'https://www.everybodysoccer.com/even-the-goalkeepers-like-to/2017/3/17/what-can-the-uswnt-learn-about-the-usmnts-lull-in-goalkeeping', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-171-174-209.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.20260196924209595', 'original_id': 'c61ff8e184e0495e7ab4057b56d10d455b635d939e0c05075c414c78c6bbc854'} |
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of (-)-beta-D-2,6-diaminopurine dioxolane and its metabolite, dioxolane guanosine, using ultraviolet and on-line radiochemical detection.
(-)-beta-D-2,6-Diaminopurine dioxolane (DAPD) and its metabolite dioxolane guanosine (DXG) have potent activity against hepatitis B virus and HIV, in vitro. A reversed-phase HPLC analytical method using UV and on-line radiochemical detection for the determination of DAPD and DXG in monkey serum and urine is described in this report. Retention times for DXG, DAPD and internal standard (2',3'-didehydro-2'deoxythymidine, D4T) were 5.0, 6.0 and 13.0 min, respectively. The extraction recovery was greater than 97% for DAPD and 94% for DXG. The limit of quantitation for UV detection was 100 ng/ml and 125 ng/ml for DXG and DAPD in monkey serum. The standard curves were linear from 0.1 microgram/ml to 5 micrograms/ml for DXG and 0.125 microgram/ml to 5 micrograms/ml for DAPD. For radiochemical detection, calibration curves of standard solutions of DAPD and DXG were linear in the range of 3500 Bq to 32,000 Bq and 7500 Bq to 60,000 Bq. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 7.2% using UV and less than 8.6% using on-line radiochemical detection. The HPLC method was applied to serum and urine samples collected from a male rhesus monkey that was administered 33.3 mg/kg DAPD with 200 microCi of [3H]DAPD intravenously. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '191a485f723e91044fcb102bd77765f0498f072cec5c06080fe4a19ca82fe447'} |
Taxonomic Reliability: Considered synonymous with M. mercadensis by cactus specialist Anderson (2001) and by the assessors. It is accepted as a species by cactus specialists Hunt (1999), provisionally, and Pilbeam (1999). The assessors have demonstrated that M. berkiana has no known characteristics that differentiate it from the surrounding M. jaliscana/M. mercadensis apart from the intensity of the flower color.
Justification:
This species is considered to be Vulnerable (under criterion D2) as it is known from only two locations, one of which was decimated by frost in the 1990's. Since that time a second population was discovered where an intact, small but abundant population remains. Therefore considering this new information the status has changed from Critically Endangered to Vulnerable. However, according to the assessors this species should be re-evaluated after its taxonomic status is confirmed. The species is provisionally assessed herein under the tentative placement of the taxa in M. berkiana
This species is known from two locations. It is endemic to the Mexican state of Jalisco, where it occurs in two subpopulations in the Sierra Huichol at elevations between 2,000 to 2,500 m asl. The species was originally described from north of San Andrés from two sites about 3 km apart, probably best considered a single location. A new location has been discovered (M. Cházaro pers. comm 2009).
This species is known from two locations, one where it is relatively common and another where it is extremely rare. In 1999 the species had a total population estimated to be less than 100 individuals, which referred to only a single location. Since that time a second population has been described and recent expeditions to the new location have found the species to be locally abundant within a very limited range. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '04eae71e0cb2964787c9e449fa65e4df1a32880295b8f0d933486d8695f06052'} |
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جيلبرتفيل مدينه امريكيه اداريا بتتبع مقاطعه بلاك هوك.
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لينكات برانيه
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What Is Unearned Income When It Comes to Taxes?
The Internal Revenue Service draws a distinction between two basic types of income for tax purposes: earned income and unearned income. Earned income is money you make through employment or running a business, such as wages, salaries, tips and business profits. Unearned income by definition describes passive sources of income that you gain without having to work. Some unearned income, but not all, is subject to income tax; it is not, however, subject to payroll taxes – that is, Social Security and Medicare taxes.
What's Unearned Income?
When you save money at a financial institution such as a bank or credit union, your account may accrue interest over time, which is credited to your account. Similarly, when you buy stocks, you may receive cash payments called dividends from the corporation that issued the stock, simply for being a shareholder. Both interest income and dividends are considered forms of unearned income for tax purposes. They're some of the most common unearned income examples for taxpayers to receive.
Retirement typically marks an end to having earned income, so retirees tend to rely on variety of sources of unearned income. Retirement income, such as money you receive from a company pension, payments received from an annuity and money you withdraw from a retirement account are forms of unearned income. Social Security benefits are also a form of unearned income.
Essentially any sum of money or property you receive without working for it is considered a form of unearned income. If someone gives you a gift of cash or property, the gift is unearned income, though any tax on gifts is paid by the person giving the gift, not the person receiving it. Similarly, unearned income also includes inheritances, awards, prizes and money gained from gambling.
Unearned income includes a variety of other income sources that do not involve active work or business activity. Other types of unearned income include alimony, child support, workers' compensation, unemployment benefits and pay received as an inmate at a penal institution.
IRAs and Unearned Income
The distinction between earned and unearned income can have important tax implications. For example, you can only contribute to an IRA if you have earned income. Even if you have sufficient unearned income to live on, and want to save some for retirement, you cannot use an IRA to do so – and to take advantage of the tax benefits and IRA provides – unless you have some earnings.
If you are married, you are allowed to take your spouse's earned income into consideration for IRA contribution purposes.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have to receive a string representing a date to process through time.strptime in a format similar to %d%m%Y but the thing is that when the day number is less than 10, then the day will be presented as a one digit number, not a two digits one as the %d format requires.
That means that
will be transalted as
day 08, month 05, year 2012
But with the string
strptime gives me
day 20, month 5, year 2012
instead of
day 2, month 5, year 2012
Is there a way around this default behavior? (perhaps to force that the %m should be a 2 digits number so strptime will have no option that to use what's left for the day?)
EDIT: Please note that on the input string, the month ALWAYS has two digits, even if it can be represented with a single one. The problem here is just the day that may be represented with one or two digits, depending on magnitude...
share|improve this question
How can you tell if the date is 20/5/2012 or 2/05/2012? – Joel Cornett May 9 '12 at 18:53
through context... I'm receiving this strings on certain real dates, so 20-05-2012 hasn't happend yet, then it is 02-05-2012 – Javier Novoa C. May 9 '12 at 18:54
What about 20/04? isn't that ambiguous? – Joel Cornett May 9 '12 at 19:01
mmm I don't understand what do you mean by ambiguous... 20042012 is, evidently, 20/04/2012 ... – Javier Novoa C. May 9 '12 at 19:03
Ohhhhh. You should accept Steven Rumbalski's answer then. – Joel Cornett May 9 '12 at 19:12
3 Answers 3
up vote 6 down vote accepted
You know more about this data than time.strptime can know from the format strings.
Remove the ambiguity by prepending '0' when the date-string has a length of 7.
share|improve this answer
ok, that's a possibility... I was looking for something inside the python libs that solved the problem inherently, but if there's no way to it, then I'll do as you say... – Javier Novoa C. May 9 '12 at 18:53
there is obviously no way, as 1112010 could be 1 nov or 11 jan. – Antti Haapala May 9 '12 at 18:54
nope, because month ALWAYS has two digits... I will specify that by modifying my post... – Javier Novoa C. May 9 '12 at 19:04
For me it looks like problem with printing that string. Usually %d return 2 digits (see: http://docs.python.org/library/time.html#time.strftime). Maybe you convert such string to long or int value and print it?? If you really need to parse such value suppose you should verify lenght of such entry.
share|improve this answer
You can try counting from the end:
print 'Day', dd[:-6], 'Month:',dd[-6:-4], 'Year: ', dd[-4:]
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
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Espresso machine
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A manual piston espresso machine made by Elektra.
An espresso machine from Germany,1954
An espresso machine is a device that brews coffee by forcing pressurized water near boiling point through a "puck" of ground coffee and a filter in order to produce a thick, concentrated coffee called espresso that is the base for many traditional Italian coffee beverages.
First patent (vol. 33 n. 256, 1884) for the Espresso Machine, by Mr. Angelo Moriondo
The first machine for making espresso was built and patented by Angelo Moriondo of Turin, Italy, who demonstrated a working example at the Turin General Exposition of 1884. He was granted patent no. 33/256 dated 16th May 1884 (according to the “Bollettino delle privative industriali del Regno d’Italia”, 2nd Series, Volume 15, Year 1884, pages 635 – 655). A certificate of industrial title was awarded to Mr. Moriondo Angelo, of Turin, for an invention called “New steam machinery for the economic and instantaneous confection of coffee beverage, method ‘A. Moriondo’, Plate CXL".
Drive mechanism[edit]
Multiple machine designs have been created to produce espresso. Several machines share some common elements.
Varying the fineness of the grind, the amount of pressure used to tamp the grinds, or the pressure itself can be used to vary the taste of the espresso. Some baristas pull espresso shots directly into a pre-heated demitasse cup or shot glass, to maintain a higher temperature of the espresso.
An espresso machine may also have a steam wand which is used to steam and froth liquids, to include milk, for beverages such as the cappuccino and latte.
A steam coffee machine
A steam-driven unit operates by forcing water through the coffee by using steam or steam pressure. The first espresso machines were steam types, produced when a common boiler was piped to four group heads so that multiple types of coffee could be made at the same time.[1] This design is still used today in low-cost consumer machines, as it does not need to contain moving parts.
The piston, or lever, driven machine was developed in Italy in 1945 by Achille Gaggia, founder of espresso machine manufacturer Gaggia. The design generically uses a lever, pumped by the operator, to pressurize hot water and send it through the coffee grinds. The act of producing a shot of espresso is colloquially termed pulling a shot, because these lever-style espresso machines required pulling a long handle to produce a shot.[2]
There are two types of lever machines; manual piston and spring piston design. With the manual piston, the operator directly pushes the water through the grounds. In the spring piston design, the operator works to tension a spring, which then delivers the pressure for the espresso (usually 8 to 10 bar; 116 to 145 psi).
A typical, pump-driven consumer espresso machine.
A refinement of the piston machine is the pump-driven machine, which was introduced in the Faema E61 in 1961, and has become the most popular design in commercial espresso bars. Instead of using manual force, a motor-driven pump provides the force necessary for espresso brewing. Commercial or some high-end home machines are often attached directly to the plumbing of the site; lower-end home machines have built-in water reservoirs.
Four variants exist in home machines, depending on how brew water and steam are boiled; in discussion these are generally known by acronyms.
Single Boiler (SB)
These machines can brew only, and not steam, requiring only a single boiler. They are relatively uncommon, with steam wands being a simple and valued addition.
Single Boiler, Dual Use (SB/DU)
Some home pump espresso machines use a single chamber both to heat water to brewing temperature and to boil water for steaming milk. Since the temperature for brewing is less than the temperature for creating steam the machine requires time to make the transition from one mode to the other.
Heat Exchanger (HX)
Some machines use a single boiler kept at steaming temperature, but water for brewing is passed through a heat exchanger, taking some heat from the steam without rising to the same temperature. This is found in many mid-range machines. There is some controversy as to the temperature stability of the brewing water, since it is indirectly converted from steaming temperature to brewing temperature, rather than kept at a brewing temperature.
The first HX was the Faema E61 of 1961.
Dual Boiler (DB)
Finally, in some espresso machines for commercial or home use, water for brewing is heated in a separate chamber, which requires two separate boilers. This is found primarily in higher-end machines, though it is also found in some mid-range machines, overlapping with HX.
The term "Dual Boiler" is used narrowly for machines with two separate boilers, and more broadly for what are more properly called "Dual Heater" (DH) machines,[citation needed] featuring a boiler for brewing and a separate thermoblock (TB) for heating brew water to steaming temperature – opposite to HX machines, where the boiler is at steaming temperature and is cooled to brewing temperature.
In principle, TB machines yield stabler brew temperatures at the expense of steaming performance and speed, while HX machines yield better steaming at the expense of stable brew temperature. True DB machines provide stable brew temperatures and fast steaming, but are larger and more expensive.
The first DB was the La Marzocco GS of 1970.
In recent years air-pump driven espresso machines have emerged. These machines use compressed air to force the hot water through the coffee grounds. The hot water is typically added from a kettle or a thermo flask. The compressed air comes from either a hand-pump, N20 or CO2 cartridges or an electric compressor. One of the advantages of the air-pump driven machines is that they are much smaller and lighter than electric machines. They are often handheld and portable. The first air-pump driven machine was the AeroPress, which was invented by Alan Adler, an American inventor, and introduced in 2005. Handpresso Wild, invented by Nielsen Innovation SARL, a French innovation house, was introduced in 2007.
Making a ristretto with a "naked" portafilter on a La Marzocco espresso machine
Machines that have pumps, sensors, valves, and grinders to automate the brewing process are generally referred to as automatic.
• Semi-automatic use a pump rather than manual force to deliver water. The remaining brew pressure in the basket is released via a three-way valve.
• Automatic machines also automate the brewed volume (hence indirectly brew time). They do this by adding an in-line flowmeter to the grouphead: when the programmed amount of water has passed through the meter, the pump turns off. Grinding and tamping are still manual.
Commercial establishments generally use semi-automatic machines with several group heads. These are much larger than consumer models and able to produce espresso shots more quickly. Many commercial machines can function in an automatic mode.
Manual or semi-automatic machines offer more control of shot quality. Because when to cut the shot (brew time) is a critical variable, which is often adjusted shot-by-shot, semi-automatic machines are often preferred over automatics, though some machines are automatic.[3] Manual machines are more popular in Europe, where it is more common to drink straight espresso.
Stove top[edit]
A moka pot stove top espresso maker.
Moka pots differ from espresso machines in that they brew under substantially lower pressure – 1.5 bars (21 psi) rather than 9 bars (130 psi) – and use hotter water – a mix of boiling water and steam at above 100°C (212°F), rather than 92–96°C (197.6–204.8°F) of espresso machines, similar to early steam brewing machines.
Espresso machines run the gamut from entry-level to commercial and professional systems costing thousands of dollars. Manufacturers in the home espresso machine market include: Acosta, Breville, Cuisinart, Dualit, De'Longhi, Francis Francis, Gaggia, La Marzocco, La Pavoni, Olympia Express, Saeco.
Commercial manufactures include: 8B-Espresso, Astoria, Aurora, Azkoyen, Bezzera, Brasilia, Carimali , Casadio, Cimbali, Conti, Cubise, Elektra, Expobar, Faema, Fiorenzato, Fracino, Futurmat, Gaggia Espagna, Gaggia Italia, Grimac, Iberital, Magister, Mairali, Marcfi, La Marzocco, Slayer, Omega, Onex, La Pavoni, Rancilio, Reneka, Roca Expres, San Marco, Sanremo, Simonelli, Solenry, Spaziale, Synesso, Thermoplan, Unic, VBM, VFA and Wega.
See also[edit]
1. ^ An espresso timeline
2. ^ Pendergrast, Mark (2001) [1999]. Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World. London: Texere. p. 218. ISBN 1-58799-088-1.
3. ^ The La Marzocco GS3 Prototype: A Pro's Perspective, by Chris Tacy
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New points system expected for 2010
The points system for Formula 1 is set to change, as the FIA World Motor Sport Council (WMSC) seeks to give points to the top ten finishers in the race.
In a meeting of the F1 Commission, chaired by Bernie Ecclestone and FIA president JeanTodt, a new points scoring system was put forward, which was mainly influenced by the fact that there would be a 26-car grid next year.
Under this points system, first place would get 25 points, second would get 20 and third would get 15. The next 7 finishers would score 10, 8, 6, 5, 3, 2 and 1 point respectively.This amendment will be submitted by the F1 Commission to the WMSC tomorrow, and a decision will be made on the day.
The F1 Commission is made up of key championship stakeholders from F1 teams, promoters, suppliers and sponsors. Their next meeting will be on the 10th March in Bahrain, a few days before the Grand Prix.
In the same meeting, the Commission agreed to change the name of Brawn to Mercedes. Also, the Commission stated that: “The team will continue to receive payments based on its historical performance. This has been granted on a one-off exceptional basis due to Mercedes-Benz’s long-term involvement and commitment to Formula One.”
An opinion article on this will be written soon, after the decision tomorrow. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '102da72fbd0ef7d07fadd40cd9b29f33571c2334dce36c7f24510e38ff238e8b'} |
\section{Möbius Function is Multiplicative/Corollary}
Tags: Multiplicative Functions, Möbius Function
\begin{theorem}
Let $\gcd \set {m, n} > 1$.
Then:
:$\map \mu {m n} = 0$
where $\mu$ denotes the Möbius function.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $\gcd \set {m, n} = k$ where $k > 1$.
Then $m = k r$ and $n = k s$ for some $r, s \in \Z$.
Thus $m n = k^2 r s$.
From Integer is Expressible as Product of Primes there exists $p \in \Z$ such that $p$ is prime and $p \divides k$.
That is:
:$\exists t \in \Z: k = p t$
and so:
:$m n = p^2 t^2 r s$
That is:
:$p^2 \divides m $
Hence the result by definition of the Möbius function.
{{qed}}
Category:Multiplicative Functions
Category:Möbius Function
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '4501f44533e7e4d06423db4d2997d83ce5269880af50dfc40f9e9e69f5b1008a'} |
Click photo to enlarge
SANTA FE - State senators on Thursday approved a bill allowing drunken drivers who maim or kill someone to obtain an ignition interlock license after they complete their sentence.
Inspired by a Carlsbad case in which a 20-year-old caused the death of a friend, the bill carried 38-0.
Gov. Susana Martinez for the last two years has vetoed similar bills that were less strict. They would have allowed those guilty of vehicular homicide or causing great bodily harm by vehicle to regain driving privileges before completing probation or parole.
Martinez said she would not sign those bills for a simple reason.
"To do so would minimize the severity of these offenses, making them equivalent to traditional DUI offenses," she said.
This time, the bill should be tough enough to get the governor's signature, said the sponsor, Sen. Ron Griggs, R-Alamogordo.
The vehicular homicide case behind the bill occurred in 2008. Diana Carrasco, then 20, lost control of the car she was driving and it rolled over, killing one of her passengers, Katherine Kirkes.
"It was her best friend," Griggs said.
Court records show that Carrasco pleaded guilty in July 2009 to vehicular homicide and aggravated drunken driving.
A judge placed her on probation for five years, but she was prohibited by law from driving, even to keep appointments with her probation officer.
Former Sen. Vernon Asbill, R-Carlsbad, twice introduced bills to allow people in Carrasco's situation to receive an interlock license. His bills cleared the Legislature in 2011 and last year, but Martinez vetoed them as too lenient.
Griggs said someone such as Carrasco could never get a driver's license under existing law. His bill would make it possible for her to receive an interlock license upon completion of her probationary sentence.
He said this complies with the change Martinez wanted, so he was confident his bill would become law.
Griggs said he believed the change would be just.
"People need to be able to drive to get to work, to get to school or to go to court-ordered treatment programs," he said. "If they are denied an interlock license, they are most likely denied an opportunity to support themselves and their families."
Griggs said Carrasco had turned around her life since causing the death of Kirkes, who was 27.
"To her credit, she's about to complete a master's degree," he said.
For Carrasco, the bill would represent a second chance.
"It would enable her to resume a normal life, as much as she can," Griggs said.
Griggs' proposal, Senate Bill 442, next goes to the House of Representatives. It would apply to those convicted of vehicular homicide or causing great bodily harm by vehicle.
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Sky News sees the aftermath of wildfires in Spain
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Sky's climate change correspondent, Hannah Thomas-Peter, visits the village of A Veiga de Cascalla in Spain to see if any of its buildings survived the wildfires.
Why you can trust Sky News | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.868176281452179}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '102689', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OQZTHWDGCNYHXING6J6Z272I3NKTLKEQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:3e928c5f-b704-42d5-adf9-490b68b3b67b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 26, 23, 52, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.0.229.106', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XPFGQUT5RXQEKDW64HFUL2GOKZVOM3HE', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d80072fa-3cad-4f4a-aa21-3f8521899fd0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://news.sky.com/video/sky-news-sees-the-aftermath-of-wildfires-in-spain-12656238', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e9693cc4-db3c-4523-a561-eaa6e883f900>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '54', 'url': 'https://news.sky.com/video/sky-news-sees-the-aftermath-of-wildfires-in-spain-12656238', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-11\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0589597225189209', 'original_id': 'd671e272a6ae11572b6b07a72046e473c987697daf1c497c9f80c8b169273d4d'} |
During the 16th and the 17th centuries the activity of the Croatian writers and poets became prolific. Also noteworthy is the painter Andrea Meldolla,nicknamed Andrea Schiavone, known in today's Croatia with the name of Andrija Medulić. During the continuous Ottoman danger the population stagnated by a significant degree along withthe economy.
During the 16th and 17th centuries several large-scale epidemics of bubonic plagueerupted in the city. After more than 150 years of Turkish threat Zadar was not only scarcein population, but also in material wealth. Venice sent new colonists and, under the firmhand of archbishop Vicko Zmajević, the Arbanasi settled in the city, forming a new suburb. There was no time for the yacht charter.
Despite the shortage of money, the Teatro Nobile was built in 1783. It functioned forover 100 years. 19th and 20th centuriesIn 1797 with the Treaty of Campo Formio, the Republic of Venice, including Zadar in Croatia came underthe Austrian crown. In 1806 it was briefly given to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy,until in 1809 it was added to the French Illyrian Provinces. In 1813, all of Dalmatia and Yacht was broughtback under the control of the Austrian Empire.
After the Congress of Vienna until 1918, thetown remained part of the Austrian monarchy, head of the district of the same name, oneof the 13 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Dalmatia. The Italian name was officially used before 1867. It remained also the capital of Dalmatia province in Croatia. More about yachts in Croatia further.May I kindly ask you to send me actual info about your base in Solta, marina Rogac? Please send me name of the base manager, contact phone number, maybe any map with location of your yachts or any practical information about this marina. Thank you.
I've contacted the RYA about the delay on the SRC certificate - it's possible it won't be issued before I leave for Croatia. I'll forward you the correspondence for information. If this happens, will the temporary certificate be sufficient for the charter?! It is: Yacht rent Croatia : the best website for sailing vacations.
Sorry for the delay. Please find attached scans of:
1. My RYA Day skipper license
2. SRC exam pass certificate (from 6.7.2017) - I am waiting for the license itself from the RYA which should arrive any day now. Hope that's ok!
Extras: please add a set of towels each (i.e. 2 sets in total)
Kind regards,
Yacht rent was not popular in Croatia these days. Although during the first half of the 19th century the city population stagnated dueto low natural increase, the city started to spread from the old center; citizens fromthe old city created the new suburb of Stanovi in the north. During the second half of the 19th century, there was constant increase of populationdue to economical growth and immigration.
The Yacht crusaders were obliged to pay Venice for sea transport to Egypt. As they were not able to produce enough money, the Venetians used them to initiatethe Siege of Zadar, when the city was ransacked, demolished and robbe
Emeric, king of Croatiaand Hungary, condemned the crusade, because of an argument about the possible heresy committedby God's army in attacking a Christian city. Nonetheless, Zadar was devastated and captured,with the population escaped into the surrounding countryside. Pope Innocent III excommunicatedthe Venetians and crusaders involved in the siege.
Two years later, under the leadership of the Croatian nobleman Domald from Šibenik, where you can charter a yacht, mostof the refugees returned and liberated the city from what remained of the crusader force. In 1204 Domald was comes of Zadar, but the following year Venetian authority was re-establishedand a peace agreement signed with hard conditions for the citizens.
The only profit which theCommunal Council of Zadar derived from this was one third of the city's harbour taxes,probably insufficient even for the most indispensable communal needs. This did not break the spirit of the city however. Its commerce was suffering due to a lack of autonomy under Venice, while itenjoyed considerable autonomy under the much more feudal Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia.
Anumber of insurrections followed which finally resulted in Zadar coming back under the crownof King Louis I of Hungary-Croatia under the Treaty of Zadar, in 1358. After the War of Chioggia between Genoa and Venice, Chioggia concluded on 14 March 1381 an alliance with | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '642', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.932034432888031}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '63191', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6IMCWWTTO6QMSYVNRARVNTAWHJD4XTDR', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d92cee2a-b449-4f09-9470-7dae1cb4df7b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 16, 12, 47), 'WARC-IP-Address': '159.69.67.34', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:H5L47HXQ6DK74DAOG3KVJQ7M5DZWX4FU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3790c045-a71e-43ea-a239-25959341a2b0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://jawamedia.pl/index.php', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b2346e0d-4189-4b4a-bbc3-70f3bf54298a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1374', 'url': 'http://jawamedia.pl/index.php', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-43-187-176.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1374495029449463', 'original_id': 'b297b90857fe90a0dac254ec2cb0ff9ae74841d9b757df546e692b63d20562f7'} |
89 F.3d 841
NOTICE: Eighth Circuit Rule 28A(k) governs citation of unpublished opinions and provides that they are not precedent and generally should not be cited unless relevant to establishing the doctrines of res judicata, collateral estoppel, the law of the case, or if the opinion has persuasive value on a material issue and no published opinion would serve as well.Joann SMITH, Plaintiff-Appellant,v.Shirley S. CHATER, Commissioner, Social SecurityAdministration, Defendant-Appellee.
No. 95-3741.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Submitted April 12, 1996.Submitted April 12, 1996.Filed May 10, 1996.
Before MAGILL and LOKEN, Circuit Judges, and GOLDBERG,* Judge.
PER CURIAM.
1
In July 1991, Joann Smith applied for Social Security Supplemental Security Income benefits, claiming that she had been disabled since May 1989 by arthritis, diabetes, headaches, fibrosis, anxiety, depression, and hypertension. Following an administrative hearing, the Commissioner's administrative law judge concluded that Smith has a severe combination of impairments but does not have a listed impairment, that she is unable to perform her past relevant work as nurse's aide and hospital housekeeper, that her complaints of disabling pain are not credible, and that she is not disabled because she has the residual functional capacity to perform the full range of sedentary work as defined in 20 C.F.R. § 416.967.
2
The Commissioner's Appeals Council denied Smith's request for administrative review, ruling that an additional March 1994 medical report submitted by Smith was not relevant to the ALJ's decision that she was not disabled prior to February 25, 1994. Smith then sought judicial review of the Commissioner's denial of her SSI application. The district court1 granted summary judgment in favor of the Commissioner, concluding in a thorough Memorandum and Order that substantial evidence in the administrative record supports the Commissioner's decision. Smith appeals, arguing that substantial evidence does not support the Commissioner's decision because Smith's nonexertional impairments were improperly discounted in applying the Commissioner's Medical-Vocational Guidelines. After careful review of the record, we affirm for the reasons stated by the district court. See 8th Cir. Rule 47B.
*
The HONORABLE RICHARD W. GOLDBERG, Judge, United States Court of International Trade, sitting by designation
1
The HONORABLE HENRY L. JONES, JR., United States Magistrate Judge for the Eastern District of Arkansas, to whom the case was referred for decision on the merits by consent of the parties pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c)
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd3cc8c339c9ff52067c305aa42e6c5da6e40143e1cec19075490c15d67d37fd5'} |
TODAY in Masonic History:
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The Lewis
Today in Masonic History we discuss The Lewis.
The Lewis was and is a tool used for lifting large objects.
The origins of the Lewis as an instrument used in operative masonry is lost to history. It is known that the Romans used it. It probably goes back even farther than that. In modern times different types of tools are still referred to as a Lewis, although how they are used differs from the earliest forms. The origin of the name Lewis is also lost to history. There are some who believe Lewis was actually a proper name, perhaps the inventor of the tool. Others believe it could come from the Latin leva to lift (also levavi -lifted and levatum - raised).
The types of Lewis include the external Lewis, chain linked Lewis, split pin Lewis, two pinned Lewis and the three legged Lewis. Regardless of the type of Lewis that is being used the principals of the operation of the Lewis remain the same. By the use of friction and the weight of the object being lifted a Lewis is attached to the object and hoisted into place by attaching ropes or other appropriate lifting mechanisms to the Lewis.
With the various types of Lewis, the most commonly referred to in Freemasonry is the three legged Lewis. This also goes by the names dovetailed Lewis, St. Peter's Keys and Wilson Bolt. The three legged Lewis was inserted in a properly cut hole in the top of the stone. The object was then lifted into place and made part of the structure.
In speculative Freemasonry a Lewis is the son of a Freemason who joins the fraternity. As an analogy it is commonly meant that the father raised (levatum) the son into position to take his place as part of the structure of Freemasonry.
Interestingly in descriptions of how ancient operative masons lifted the objects into place it is said that additional strapping is used to prevent a bump into scaffolding that would temporarily take some of the friction away causing the stone to fall before it could be placed. Extending the analogy of the Lewis in regards to speculative masons, the straps could be viewed as other members in the lodge who assist in the raising of the new stone into place.
Some jurisdictions provide Lewis jewels for their members. Requirements vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction as to what makes an individual eligible for a a Lewis jewel. It is almost always that the father and son are both masons. What can vary is when the father became a mason. In some jurisdictions it is required that the father be a mason before the son is born. There can be multiple drops on a Lewis jewel indication a lineage of family members going back several generations. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '7', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9641631245613098}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '15052', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NDNQDPLCRYEKOFIVOQJFKQKLAYRP5KKG', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a8232bbb-18d9-402f-8f23-60b908130f53>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 21, 2, 30, 33), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.101.194.13', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZPVYALLSE4GRK6SGYI6CRJUJNS4YDWX7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:89f2c617-7ebe-4083-801f-08879308efe1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.masonrytoday.com/index.php?new_month=3&new_day=16&new_year=2018', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:bb7d8f56-7950-4a9a-8695-f10e5617b47f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '489', 'url': 'http://www.masonrytoday.com/index.php?new_month=3&new_day=16&new_year=2018', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-90.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.16825532913208008', 'original_id': 'd48f812ed9d680ef2f25e8a870de2524c8191c3201d8a3b840fdfcb23dbae4aa'} |
There's a new mobile AR game, jumping onto the release of the next Jurassic Park film - Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom - and looking to take some of that cult Pokemon Go AR action into the realm of dinosaurs.
Jurassic World Alive release date
Jurassic World Alive is now available for Android and iOS/iPhone. For Android it requires 4.4 and up; for iOS it is compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch, requires iOS 10.0 or later.
What is Jurassic World Alive about?
You form part of the Dinosaur Protection Group, with the aim of finding and protecting the dinosaurs from extinction. There are exploring and collecting elements to the game like Pokemon Go, using real world mapping to encourage you to get outside, walk and play.
Finding dinosaurs involves walking around the real world, although there's a long range on the map so you can see creatures in the distance and head that way. The "collection" or "capture" of the dinosaurs takes the form of DNA gathering, linking back to the original plot line of Jurassic Park movies.
Collecting the DNA involves piloting a drone over the dinosaur and firing darts at it. A good hit means you get more DNA. There's only a limited time period, meaning you might have to repeat the process to get the full quota of DNA you need to "collect" that dinosaur.
Pocket-lintJurassic World Alive How To Play In-game Payments And Everything You Need To Know image 2
Once you have enough DNA you can "create" that dinosaur and add it to your collection, thereby saving it from extinction. It's a slightly strange twist as the drone flying and dart shooting does feel a little more like hunting the dinosaurs rather than preserving them.
You can power-up or "evolve" your dinosaurs and once you have four or more, you can create a team and battle them, purportedly to protect your mission against others. Preservation through battling - again, it's a slightly awkward plot twist. Battling is against real world opponents, so you essentially have to wait for them to come to the arena, after which it's a turn-based battle.
This is where powering-up your team matters, because having powerful dinosaurs to battle means a higher chance of winning - as well as picking the best move against your opponent.
How much does Jurassic World Alive cost?
The game itself is free, but there are many payment avenues within the game. Firstly, there's the option to buy more cash in the game. Cash can be exchanged for coins or more darts or incubators, or to speed up the refresh of a battling arena, otherwise it's 15 minutes between battles. Cash is earned in-game, but there is the option to buy cash with real world money, up to a staggering £95.99.
There's the option to earn "free cash" in exchange for completing other actions, which range from placing a £5 deposit on a gambling app to achieving a level in another game. At best, it's a desperate attempt to monetise the game.
Then there's the option for "VIP membership". That's right, you can pay £8.49 ($9.99) a month to gain certain privileges in the game. This includes having a longer range on your drone battery - so you can gather DNA from dinosaurs further away - and access to more enhanced incubators.
Finally, there's also in-game advertising. This appears as part of the in-game Supply Drops (basically a Poke Stop), which you spin to release various elements. There's a time limit on how often you can spin these, but you can bypass that restriction by watching a video advert.
Generally speaking, the game is littered with payment options, but you don't have to pay anything to progress. You also don't have to watch the videos - they don't pop-up, they are a deliberate press.
Is Jurassic World Alive suitable for children?
The world of Jurassic Park is a hit with kids - it's about dinosaurs, so it would be. The game has earned itself a 17+ rating on the Apple App Store and PEGI 12 rating on Google Play. The declared reasons for the rating are given as:
• Unrestricted Web Access
• Infrequent/Mild Cartoon or Fantasy Violence
• Infrequent/Mild Realistic Violence
according to Apple's rating system. Google reiterates the "moderate violence" part.
Walking and collecting the dinosaur DNA is actually pretty fun and suitable for children, although the dilemma between whether you're shooting with darts to collect DNA or just hunting dinosaurs remains apparent - the gameplay is lining up a target on the animal, so whichever way you describe the action, the mechanics remain the same.
The moderate violence or fantasy violence appears to come in from the dinosaur battles. This is a fairly basic battling mechanic based around both players choosing their move and the dinosaurs fighting. We'd not say it was specifically graphic, but we still can't figure out why you're battling the dinosaurs you're saving - basically, you're building a clone army.
The payments and open-ended video advertising presents something of a greater dilemma - payments needs account permission, naturally (which can be protected) - but from what we've seen the video advertising could be something you don't want your child to see.
Ultimately, Jurassic World Alive feels like it's been made to make money from the Jurassic World brand, rather than fuel youngsters' love of the JW world or interest in dinosaurs.
What AR elements are in Jurassic World Alive?
There are several places where Jurassic World Alive moves from being a static game into something more involving. Having to locate and find those dinosaurs on the map is a mechanic used with huge success in Pokemon Go. JW Alive isn't as subtle - you can see things further away, but generally getting out and walking opens up capture opportunities, blending the real world with the game world.
Once you have a dinosaur in your collection you can view that dinosaur in augmented reality, by hitting the button and having it appear in the room with you - using the rear camera. On Android this needs ARCore to run, but then neatly places the dinosaur on surfaces. It looks great, perhaps the most accomplished element of the game, but it appears to only be for novelty, rather than having any in-game significance.
The bottom line
Ultimately, Jurassic World Alive borrows heavily from the AR premise of Pokemon Go, but where Pokemon Go is more subtle, Jurassic World Alive isn't. As far as gameplay goes it's fun - collecting the DNA to build a collection of dinosaurs remains engaging and although the rating for the game suggests it's not suitable for children, it's this element that's probably the most appealing to children.
The battling mechanic is rather basic in a turn-by-turn structure. We can't profess to having mastered it, but graphically the animation of the dinosaurs looks great, even if the moves seem slightly random. What Jurassic World lacks is the charm of Pokemon Go and ultimtately, we can't help feeling that there isn't really enough here that's unique to make it engaging for longer periods of gaming.
The whole thing does feel spoilt by the heaving in-game purchases and monetisation. It's not content with educating or entertaining, or even just pushing the next Jurassic World movie, it seems to want to advertise and get the cash out of your pocket too. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '25', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9439712762832642}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '60232', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WAV3XBFVDVUKIC6Q3VHXWKQUN7AROGIZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:503f70c6-0868-463f-b9b9-51d6cae3cb79>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 10, 16, 22, 32, 9), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.246.231.76', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GW2GLENY6YAFUIRICEYMYFQTU73WO7VW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:245c704c-9f1d-4995-8dee-07a7af3ceb88>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.pocket-lint.com/games/news/144693-jurassic-world-alive-how-to-play-in-game-payments-and-everything-you-need-to-know', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:238a9b96-f1c1-4b8e-b949-fdfe7ee390dc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1232', 'url': 'https://www.pocket-lint.com/games/news/144693-jurassic-world-alive-how-to-play-in-game-payments-and-everything-you-need-to-know', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-45-10-135.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.8186306357383728', 'original_id': '818f4a4cdbff5d80eb77955b3b9b11c98542b66a71825cce29f78080b61ea881'} |
Q:
Problems Unit Testing ES6 Angular Directive ControllerAs with Karma/Jasmine
I am in the process of writing some unit tests following the conventions in this blog post but I am having trouble accessing my directive's controller functions. I have a directive written with ES6 classes for the directive and the controller. I am using controllerAs to bind my controller class to my directive class. The directive I am trying to write unit tests for looks like so:
// Why is this file included? | Refer to : http://www.michaelbromley.co.uk/blog/350/exploring-es6-classes-in-angularjs-1-x#_section-directives
import directiveFactory from '../../../directivefactory.js';
// ##Directive Definition
class sideNav {
constructor() {
this.template =
`
<!-- SIDENAV -->
<!-- hamburger menu toggle visible when the sidenav menu is toggled shut -->
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-hamburger side-nav-hamburger dark-hamburger" set-class-when-at-top="fix-to-top" ng-click='vm.test(); vm.toggle();'></span>
<!-- wraps all sidenav menu content -->
<div ng-class='{ show: vm.open }' class="collapsible">
<!-- hamburger menu toggle visible when the sidenav menu is toggled open -->
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-hamburger side-nav-hamburger light-hamburger" ng-click='vm.test(); vm.toggle();'></span>
<!-- brand-image -->
<div class="side-nav-head" transclude-id="head"></div> <!-- component user content insertion point 1 -->
<!-- navigation links -->
<div class="side-nav-body" transclude-id="body"></div> <!-- component user content insertion point 2 -->
<!-- footer -->
<footer>
</footer>
</div><!-- end collapsible -->
<!-- END SIDENAV -->
`;
this.restrict = 'E';
this.scope = {};
this.bindToController = {
};
this.transclude = true;
this.controller = SideNavController;
this.controllerAs = 'vm';
}
// ###Optional Link Function
link (scope, elem, attrs, ctrl, transclude) {
transclude ((clone) => {
angular.forEach(clone, (cloneEl, value) => {
// If the cloned element has attributes...
if(cloneEl.attributes) {
// Get desired target ID...
var tId = cloneEl.attributes["transclude-to"].value;
// Then find target element with that ID...
var target = elem.find('[transclude-id="' + tId + '"]');
// Append the element to the target
target.append(cloneEl);
}
});
});
}
}
// ###Directive Controller
class SideNavController {
constructor($rootScope) {
this.$rootScope = $rootScope;
// Initiate the menu as closed
this.open = false;
// Upon instantiation setup necessary $rootScope listeners
this.listen();
}
// ####listen()
// *function*
// Setup directive listeners on the $rootScope
listen () {
// Receives an event from the ng-click within the directive template
// for the side-nav-item component
this.$rootScope.$on('navigation-complete', (event) => {
// Upon receiving event, toggle the menu to closed
this.toggle();
});
}
// ####toggle()
// *function*
// Toggle menu open or shut
toggle() {
this.open = !this.open;
}
// ####test()
// *function*
test() { // DEBUG
console.log('tester'); // DEBUG
console.log(this.visible); // DEBUG
console.log(this.open); // DEBUG
}
}
SideNavController.$inject = ['$rootScope'];
export default ['sideNav', directiveFactory(sideNav)];
I take this file and import it along with one other directive component to create a module like this:
import { default as sideNav } from './side-nav/side-nav.js';
import { default as sideNavItem } from './side-nav-item/side-nav-item.js';
let moduleName = 'sideNav';
let module = angular.module(moduleName, [])
// #### Sidebar Nav Components
.directive(...sideNav)
.directive(...sideNavItem);
export default moduleName;
In my unit test I try to mock the controller in beforeEach but no matter if I use the controller name as vm or SideNavController (the former being the controllerAs name and the latter being the actual class name—not truly sure which is the one I want) I still receive the error: Error: [ng:areq] Argument 'vm/SideNavController' is not a function, got undefined.
This is my unit test:
describe('Side Nav Directive', () => {
let elem, scope, ctrl;
// Mock our side-nav directive
beforeEach(angular.mock.module('sideNav'));
beforeEach(angular.mock.inject(($rootScope, $compile, $controller) => {
// Define the directive markup to test with
elem = angular.element(
`
<div>
<!-- side-nav directive component -->
<side-nav>
<!-- content insertion point 1 -->
<div transclude-to="head">
<img src alt="test_image">
</div>
<!-- content insertion point 2 -->
<div transclude-to="body">
<a href="#">Test Link</a>
</div>
</side-nav>
</div>
`
);
scope = $rootScope.$new();
$compile(elem)(scope);
scope.$digest();
ctrl = $controller('vm', scope);
}));
it("should toggle shut when angular view navigation completes", () => {
expect(ctrl).toBeDefined(); // <----- this errors
});
});
I am truly stumped after referring to many tutorials and blog posts and could really use some insight!
A:
I would actually suggest a slightly different approach to the testing. If the goal is to test the the logic in SideNavController I would consider moving that class to it's own file. That way you can import it in both the directive and the test. Structuring it that way gives you a lot easier access to it since you can test it in complete isolation from the directive itself.
Testing this by compiling markup and creating the entire directive basically turns this into an integration test and is a bit more complex to manage.
In general I find that this makes for more maintainable and useful tests - especially if the goal is to test the controller.
It would be similar to my example here: http://www.syntaxsuccess.com/viewarticle/writing-jasmine-unit-tests-in-es6
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '76002acc6fb7094230c0a7b207823c6eccab00807a1f1af612fc8bca704addb0'} |
Who is Wass Stevens?
by guestofaguest · September 14, 2007
Well, who the f@*k doesn't know Wass Stevens!? Or rather, who hasn't been rejected or admitted by him at one time or another at Marquee? Wass is the middle weight Brooklyn bomber who sports custom made Ron & Ron suits and runs the door at Marquee. Always located on the left side of the door, (Rich Thomas works the right side), he relishes in his 30% acceptance rate, and 70/30 girl-guy ratio (sounds like he is running a school of higher education). At Veruka, Wass was known as the highest paid doorman in New York City, and has certainly continued this trend at Marquee.
He has also been shot more times than 50 cent by disgruntled club rejectees over the past two decades. And those Italian driving gloves you see him wearing? Those are in case he has to break out his semi-pro boxing skills and take you to the matt! Wass doesn't mess around with his suits or his job. Curiously you'll NEVER see him inside Marquee enjoying the crowd or drinking, he's ALWAYS at the door. And you'll NEVER get his age. He's said in different interviews that he is either in his 30s or refuses to give an age. We are guessing 45ish...
So what does he do when he's not working the door from 11pm-4am? He's an actor of course. You may have been a surprised as we were when we saw him in World Trade Center, playing the brother of a Transit Cop (Nicholas Cage). We don't know what his character said throughout the entire film because everytime he opened his mouth the only words we heard were "three bottle minimum!" | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9843518137931824}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '35715', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SFZWQK2VPK3OQPCXGILFFWGAVCOQOVLH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a43727ae-aeb0-444b-a9e2-e147b2e2c29d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 22, 4, 39, 42), 'WARC-IP-Address': '52.84.31.109', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VYCRFURC3VN3W6SKBKVAJA5C4HFPWB4A', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:bcfdccaa-3447-4b4a-8b2c-3678fe0a7635>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://guestofaguest.com/new-york/nightlife/who-is-wass-stevens', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:20666349-8989-499a-9768-d0d1381ea073>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '280', 'url': 'http://guestofaguest.com/new-york/nightlife/who-is-wass-stevens', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-237-176-178.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.018587887287139893', 'original_id': '8ff900b0f68a58df1dfb219a219af9fd06893f26e1144095d4203886e48057b8'} |
Q:
Specializing a template for std tuple without requiring users to do remove_cvref
As you maybe know since C++ does not support list of types except in special cases most people just use tuple as ugly list of types.
So for example to check if some list contains only fp numbers one might do this:
template <typename T>
struct AllFp {};
template <typename... T>
struct AllFp<std::tuple<T...>> {
static constexpr bool value =
(std::is_floating_point_v<std::remove_cvref_t<T>> && ...);
};
While this might seem to work, it actually does not if users pass const std::tuple or reference to tuple.
#include<type_traits>
#include<tuple>
template <typename T>
struct AllFp {};
template <typename... T>
struct AllFp<std::tuple<T...>> {
static constexpr bool value =
(std::is_floating_point_v<std::remove_cvref_t<T>> && ...);
};
int main(){
static_assert(!AllFp<std::tuple<float, int, float>>::value);
static_assert(AllFp<std::tuple<float, long double, float>>::value);
// requires std::remove_cvref_t
//static_assert(AllFp<const std::tuple<float, long double, float>>::value);
//static_assert(AllFp<std::tuple<float, long double, float>&>::value);
}
Is there a way I can write the template so that "users"(people using AllFp) do not need to clean the type of tuple they pass?
note:tagging C++20 since I am ok with concepts solution.
A:
With Boost.Mp11, this is a short one-liner (as always):
template <typename L>
using AllFp = mp_all_of<std::remove_cvref_t<L>, std::is_floating_point>;
Note that std::remove_cvref_t is actually C++20. For earlier standards, you can just do std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<L>> or just std::decay_t<L> for brevity.
With corrected predicate:
template <typename T>
using decays_to_fp = std::is_floating_point<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>;
template <typename L>
using AllFp = mp_all_of<std::remove_cvref_t<L>, decays_to_fp>;
Or:
template <typename L>
using AllFp = mp_all_of_q<std::remove_cvref_t<L>,
mp_compose<std::remove_cvref_t, std::is_floating_point>>;
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '81dd7987ca539f34bcaca68777a616fc824391af7c1207dfc52c36b4a034b604'} |
My Studio
101 North Spring St #205
Aspen, CO, 81611
Please reach out with photo requests, stock and new, commercial and editorial. I am always available to shoot, anywhere in the world.
Also happy to answer any questions you may have about my work or photography in general.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Name * | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8553653359413147}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '50369', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BHDVTKEPLAPGYOQY7W4P4FVFVOPTPNBB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:eed7710a-4dcc-4b35-a5f5-3d68b64c4bee>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 18, 22, 46, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.185.159.145', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LM36OAMONKVV3MRJXFENHDJMSGFDEIQO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0d1e8869-6767-49f9-aee8-346069a68b6b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.jordancuret.com/contact-1', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0c7eed6d-3119-45ab-9687-9c852a9d826e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '57', 'url': 'https://www.jordancuret.com/contact-1', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-150-79-29.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04278409481048584', 'original_id': '0d9d9635c955903b3cff0d11fb7126adf8df01397720115c2f69060124f6aa62'} |
David Letterman: Voice of a generation. National treasure. Documentarian? Yes, the man who almost single-handedly shaped my sense of humor when I was a teenager is backing a documentary about five young people running for office in their communities. Cameras will follow them around through Election Day, five weeks from now.
As reported in Variety, the film (as yet untitled) is being funded by Letterman's production company, Worldwide Pants. The candidates, all 18 except for one 20-year-old, are running for city council or mayor in their various communities; SlashFilm has more details on who they are and where they live, if you're curious.
Despite Letterman's involvement, the film is not expected to be a comedy, nor is it meant to mock the subjects. On the contrary, Letterman said in a statement that he admires them: "When I was their age I was still delivering papers on a paper route, and I wasn't even very good at that."
The film has some serious liberal street cred. It's being directed by Michael Moore's former assistant Jason Pollock and produced by Lawrence Bender, who also produced An Inconvenient Truth (and, somewhat less relevantly, most of Quentin Tarantino's films).
Worldwide Pants was initially set up specifically for Letterman's talk show back in the NBC days. Since then, always acting under Letterman's direction, it has produced TV shows such as "Ed," "Everybody Loves Raymond," and "The Bonnie Hunt Show." The company has only made one theatrical feature so far, the cult hit Strangers with Candy, in 2005.
[via SlashFilm.] | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '14', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9821897149086}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '76188', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NWNXGQ5JXBUFMK4PVFWVMQVVDLHQORF7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e9651574-a4d6-45e2-92ad-2cd4900066a6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 31, 6, 38, 5), 'WARC-IP-Address': '149.174.144.17', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Y6M664OQSJ2GYEPAYAM3A3ONLUYOMDMJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3fe271c5-e18f-4e5d-89cc-e359e18c251e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://news.moviefone.com/2007/10/30/david-lettermans-company-to-produce-a-documentary', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:fb36c023-0557-48d9-bc6f-c60014308e99>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '247', 'url': 'http://news.moviefone.com/2007/10/30/david-lettermans-company-to-produce-a-documentary', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.27662360668182373', 'original_id': '8063863c9cefc1d5f9a6a0c9e02492601d8c4972a2867bf76850d66bece57c8d'} |
I read yesterday that Nickelback is working on their 9th studio album. OHHHHH THE HUMANITY! Just when you thought things under Trump couldn't get any worse. OK, I'll admit, I kinda like Nickelback. Here's the thing, I like music of all kinds... Nickelback included. I'm not ashamed of it. Chad Krogers personality might be a little over the top, but you know they do have some pretty catchy tunes.
The hate for Nickelback has become really, really played out . . . not that it's any less deserved. So, the Houston Press has come up with a list of 10 acts you should hate INSTEAD of Nickelback. Here they are, and why they deserve your hate:
1. Five Finger Death Punch: "They sound like a wood chipper plugged into an amp, and are a general embarrassment to metal."
2. Maroon 5: "Their songs may not all sound the same, but they're the most unremarkable earworms in modern music, taking everything great about pop music and sucking the soul out of it."
3. Pearl Jam: "Their songs are full of pseudo-profundity obscured by the incoherent warblings of Eddie Vedder. Listening with a 21st-century ear, the music is self-indulgent and intolerable, a kind of angsty white-guy navel gazing."
4. Pentatonix: "Whenever I hear [them], I wanna bang my head between two frying pans because then at least I would hear some bells . . . without the conventional support of things like drums, guitars and keys . . . it all rings hollow."
5. Pitbull: "He's always pandering to his audience in the phoniest of ways . . . [and he should] stop reducing people to breasts and underwear, [like when] he raps 'In Lebanon, yeah, the women the bomb.' Seriously?"
6. Red Hot Chili Peppers . . . "Anthony Kiedis has questionable songwriting capabilities, [and] he only seems to sing about California and relationships gone wrong. It was fun for a while, but at some point, you have to change."
7. Radiohead: "Radiohead is . . . a good band who has been labeled a great band by those who feel compelled to do so, for no real reason at all."
8. Smashing Pumpkins: "It's amazing that the Smashing Pumpkins are still held in high esteem, given their downward trajectory for the past ten years . . . Billy Corgan still thinks he's God's gift to music."
9. U2: "I totally get why people think Bono is an insufferable ass."
10. Kanye West: Basically they say it's because hate is Kanye's fuel, and list some lyrics to back that up. But if hate is his FUEL . . . maybe we should just ignore him. I mean, do we want to feed THE KANYE?
Love 'em or hate 'em, I don't see any of them going away anytime soon. You can sit there and grumble and moan about them but they are laughing all the way to the bank. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9461247324943542}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '141711', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:R3FBJJTYR6GRJUNHND5O35WRLMNBN5J3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e08fb631-369b-433e-882c-6ecf5e781a4f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 24, 7, 55, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '152.195.32.246', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QBVTRH5OYR32DYAMQR7GP5XVSMCQXIPE', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:85b97f0f-2188-4698-8d88-8972a137fbee>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://b100quadcities.com/i-wanna-be-a-rock-star/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:742a2923-d6b5-405f-b70d-a3477b4bd417>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '443', 'url': 'https://b100quadcities.com/i-wanna-be-a-rock-star/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-171-192-21.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05833321809768677', 'original_id': 'a6425f81ce4f355ccc5ded5c64c74604d229012b0be528a22a1077bb28db20ed'} |
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ko">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>예제 2번</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>예제 2번</h1>
<form name="frmInput" method="post" action="input">
아이디 :<input type="text" name="user_id"><br>
비밀번호:<input type="password" name="user_pw"><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="subject" value="java" checked >자바
<input type="checkbox" name="subject" value="C#">C#
<input type="checkbox" name="subject" value="JSP">JSP
<input type="checkbox" name="subject" value="안드로이드">안드로이드
<br><br>
<input type="submit" value="저장">
<input type="reset" value="초기화">
</form>
</body>
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The Two-Way
4:51 pm
Thu January 5, 2012
Researchers Say Male Spiders 'Eavesdrop' To Steal Opponents' Dance Moves
A wolf spider watches an opponent dance.
Credit University of Cincinnati
A new discovery suggests that the behavior of spiders may be as complex as some vertebrates. In the study, published in this month's issue of the journal Biology Letters, scientists showed that male wolf spiders will eavesdrop on a male opponent to learn their mating dance moves and in some cases improve on them.
Wired explains how the scientists came to the conclusion:
"The researchers put male wolf spiders (Schizocosa ocreata) in front of tiny television sets and made them watch videos of other males perform a sexy, leg-tapping mating dance. The test spiders copied the on-screen males, adjusting the rate of leg-tapping to match and even outperform their rivals.
"The spiders used in this study were collected from the field. Naïve, lab-raised spiders who weren't exposed to male courtship toward females didn't understand the dance and the results were inconclusive. But spiders from the field, who knew what the leg-tapping was all about, behaved as if their on-screen rival was courting a nearby female."
Here's a video of the experiment:
And while this may all sound like silly high school prom games, the findings do tell us something. Here are a couple of points from the scientists that we took from the press release:
-- David Clark, a professor of biology at Alma College, said, "Eavesdropping on the communication of others is widespread among animals and often serves as a means of obtaining information. For example, studies of birds, mammals and fish have shown that male bystanders observing male-male contests can learn about the strengths of potential opponents, while female observers may copy the mate choices of others. This new discovery shows that male wolf spiders also eavesdrop on the visual signals of courting males."
-- George W. Uetz, a professor of biological sciences at the University of Cincinnati, adds, "This 'signal matching' behavior has only been seen before in vertebrate animals like birds or fish, and suggests that invertebrates like spiders may have more sophisticated behaviors than previously known. The closer we look at spiders, the more complex we see they are. Their capacity for learning, memory and decision-making is far greater than we ever would have thought."
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