text stringlengths 3 7.38M | source_data stringclasses 5 values | info stringlengths 83 12.5k |
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Ken Wharton
Frederick Charles Kenneth Wharton (21 March 1916, Smethwick – 12 January 1957, Ardmore, Auckland, New Zealand) was a British racing driver from England. He competed in off-road trials, hillclimbs, and rallying, and also raced sports cars and single-seaters. He began racing in the new National 500cc Formula in his own special, and later acquired a Cooper. His World Championship Grand Prix debut was at the 1952 Swiss event, run to Formula 2 regulations, where he started from 13th position on the grid and finished 4th. He participated in a total of 15 World Championship Grands Prix, from which he scored 3 championship points.
In 1951 he "travelled abroad, with Peter Bell's 2-litre E.R.A., to finish 3rd overall in the Susa/Mont Cenis hill-climb and 4th overall in the Aosta/Grand Saint Bernard hill-climb. With a Cooper 500 he also competed in the German Freiburg hill-climb where he was runner-up in the 500 cc class to Stirling Moss." Wharton won the Freiburg event outright in the E.R.A. on 5 August, climbing the 7.4 miles of the Schauinsland Pass, in 8 minutes 5.33 seconds. On 19 August he was fastest at the Vue des Alpes hill-climb, with a time of 3 minutes 57.8 seconds. He won the British Hill Climb Championship every year from 1951 to 1954, and remains the only driver to have won four successive BHCC titles. Other successes with ERA R4D included winning the Brighton Speed Trials in 1954, 1955 and 1956.
Success in rallies included winning the Tulip Rally in 1949, 1950 and 1952, driving Fords. He also became British Trials Champion.
On 4 July 1954, he and Peter Whitehead won the Reims 12-hour race in a Jaguar D-Type.
In 1957 Wharton was fatally injured when his Ferrari Monza crashed in a sports car race at the Ardmore Circuit in New Zealand.
Complete World Championship results
(key)
References
External links
Ken Wharton profile at The 500 Owners Association
Category:English racing drivers
Category:English Formula One drivers
Category:BRM Formula One drivers
Category:Vanwall Formula One drivers
Category:British hillclimb drivers
Category:Brighton Speed Trials people
Category:Sportspeople from Smethwick
Category:Racing drivers killed while racing
Category:1916 births
Category:1957 deaths
Category:Sport deaths in New Zealand
Category:24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
Category:World Sportscar Championship drivers | mini_pile | {'original_id': '36b0365ee9c933491dc95adaacb6f12b841d8f044557ea46ace5345c6a9a9ebf'} |
British Columbia restrictions on new tar sands shipments a warning signal to Kinder Morgan pipeline investors
Vancouver, B.C. — Today, British Columbia’s Minister of the Environment and Climate Change Strategy George Heyman announced restrictions on any increase in shipments of heavy oil — including tar sands crude — by pipeline or rail through B.C. while a scientific panel appointed by the province conducts a review of the scientific uncertainties around tar sands oil spill cleanup.
“Today’s announcement by British Columbia officials of plans to restrict new shipments of tar sands crude oil is a major setback for Kinder Morgan’s pipeline,” said Sven Biggs, Energy and Climate Campaigner for Stand.earth. “It means that even if Kinder Morgan does manage to build the project, the company may never be able to ship a single barrel of tar sands crude.”
Kinder Morgan plans to use the new Trans Mountain Pipeline to ship a form of tar sands crude oil, which the industry calls diluted bitumen, or dilbit. This new form of oil is much more difficult to clean up than conventional crude oil — studies have shown dilbit sinks when spilled into fresh water, which is exactly what happened during a dilbit spill in the Kalamazoo River in Michigan in 2010. Dilbit also presents new challenges for first responders and cleanup crews because the chemicals used to dilute the bitumen to a liquid state so it can be pumped through pipelines are extremely toxic and when spilled, evaporate into a poisonous cloud.
“If I was an investor in Kinder Morgan, I would be on the phone with a broker right now,” said Biggs. “This announcement is more than just another setback for Kinder Morgan. In the short term, these new restrictions mean the pipeline cannot go into operation. In the long term, the outcome of the review has the potential to become a permanent roadblock, showing there is no effective way to clean up this extremely dangerous form of oil.” | mini_pile | {'original_id': '73ccf4f8a2d79b0355b1dd07dd22a8114cf76abe1e0f188e0c60753f69671406'} |
Thursday, 28 June 2018
SPLIFF - The Spliff Radio Show 1980
Ok, just a few words about yesterday's K.O. of the German team: First; they deserve it, they never showed their form and the will to get the cup againAll three games were agonizing, they played timid and inhibited and as defending champion unworthy. Of course the criticism is loud again but I would not speak of a new beginning, Löw made mistakes, He should have taken more young fresh hungry players and should not nominate the two players who made this stupid photo with this dictator. Anyway, Leber geht weiter! and the WM continues. Now to the post and a record a record which I haven't heard for ages. Spliff was a New German Wave rock band, active in the 1980s. The members were already playing together before they were 'adopted' by Nina Hagen when she came to West Germany in 1977. They recorded two albums with her as the Nina Hagen Band before continuing under the name Spliff when Hagen went solo. Their characteristic sound was a mix of electronic music, reggae and punk rock. They recorded "The Spliff Radio Show" in 1980, their only album in English. After parting ways with vocalist Alf Klimek, the remaining members carried on in German sharing vocals between all four of them. Their album 85555 however was released in a limited English edition too, which is extremely rare. They had major hits on the German singles chart with Carbonara and Das Blech. Despite their influential status, the band was short-lived. Many of the musicians subsequently formed a band called Froon. The Other Ones was another offshoot band, which included Alf Klimek, who appeares on this album as Alf Klimax and I must say, this is their best record, sixteen solid punk rock songs, top lyrics, a few funny jingles in between and the euphoric Rock Is A Drug as coronation at the end.
1. Never the less the album from 1982 with one less member exists for Spliff (search it a DU blog with original post and you can compare the two cover shots member by member). Just because you can't find it doesn't mean it shouldn't be included in your Wiki post!
2. Too bad this match was unreal Klop must stay .Watching currently England vs Belgium Oh man ! England plays football I mean not kick and rush a serious outsider.
3. Joachim low not Klop sorry for the mistake
4. Well, I don't know, he was unlucky with his decisions and maybe he's been for too long national coach. I think the players had no real motivation and that's questionable.
5. That's what I heard on French tv Motivation Hungryness are the keywords I will miss Low's haircut
1. Yeah, he could be one of the Beatles | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9849842190742492}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '134697', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7KNN4ZZZ3LB7LISHND3JI75DI3EISOYG', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:badf9d46-3339-43c8-8b40-380a704f066d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 18, 13, 37, 13), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.7.161', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PF7NYHUOCPYBJJOI7NX7XCRVCMA3RYOV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:76da3da8-18b9-4448-b6c9-6acd304fb24f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://wdthtc.blogspot.com/2018/06/spliff-spliff-radio-show-1980.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5a474d37-9f20-4ce5-af6e-573a57b64680>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '463', 'url': 'https://wdthtc.blogspot.com/2018/06/spliff-spliff-radio-show-1980.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-99-212-82.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04300868511199951', 'original_id': '79a2d5b583aac04f9b9cde73096bc586db962f82c835502d9cdd8f75e39e716e'} |
Wicked Pictures | Pornstar Bio
Wicked Pictures
As one of the most acclaimed production companies in the adult genre, the new millennium has seen Wicked producing some of the decade's most lauded releases. Viewers can experience the glamorous, sensual side of hardcore with Wicked's blockbuster features. They have proven time and time again with their star studded cast showcasing their adult skills. They have won numerous awards and continue to provide amazing content for their loyal fans.
Founded: Los Angeles, CA, USA
Movies: 1205 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9318836331367492}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '70141', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:46WDVFTNRAMBLOFPDBVK4OTL7QYPH3BD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e1f450f8-0bf1-4868-a0c2-b615b0df3e2e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 3, 16, 30), 'WARC-IP-Address': '99.192.139.131', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:UEDQT7BAKMA37SVJQEFCCHGBFHDB4UEH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6ea1dcaf-b9ad-4190-b576-fb878ec39fa0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.adultrental.com/s/Wicked+Pictures/750/date/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7a4d7a20-fb94-44f3-9b49-473d611801a2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '85', 'url': 'https://www.adultrental.com/s/Wicked+Pictures/750/date/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-143-243-33.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07189613580703735', 'original_id': '57dbab16c543e1c144635bd3e71649a1bbcccbcdf75f4fae8c9bdff3e0bfab6c'} |
Marvel to Partner with Telltale Games in 2017
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In a match made in shared property/shared universe heaven, Marvel Entertainment has announced that it will be teaming up with Telltale Games for an upcoming video game series, set to release in 2017. There wasn’t much else discussed outside of the partnership itself, but Marvel did make a few comments in regards to what to expect from their future video games, promising that the games will feel “exquisite,” “well-built,” “sexy,” and “hand-crafted.”
This news is every bit as astonishing as it is wonderful. Marvel has been very selective about who they partner with since settling in under the Disney umbrella. On the other side of the coin, however, Telltale Games’ has been known for working with other folks’ properties and adapting them to their unique point-and-click storytelling gameplay style (Borderlands, MineCraft, Game of Thrones). Telltale is no stranger to the comic book realm either, as their most critically acclaimed franchises, The Walking Dead and The Wolf Among Us, are set in the comics’ universes and actually feature characters straight from the pages.
Wll this game tie-in with the Marvel Cinematic Universe? Will this just be a separate story that has nothing to do with anything on the big (or small) screen? Will this heal the wounds of us never getting another Marvel vs. Capcom game? So many questions, so little time– typical Telltale problem.
What do you think of this new partnership? Will Telltale Games’ pedigree for amazing storytelling help expand the Marvel universe? Leave your thoughts in the comments below. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '57254de38629177bfc275f852d9b1fa8dd62ce3e14b19016481ad5a541de0b91'} |
The website of comedian and Ghostbusters co-star Leslie Jones was reportedly taken hostage by online harassers. The hackers published the actress’s personal information along with nude photos, reports the New York Daily News.
This is the second instance of Jones being bullied online. Last month her Twitter account became inundated with racist messages, which caused her to leave the social platform for a short time. She returned a few days later after Twitter banned many trolling accounts and vowed to crack down on harassment.
But, as this latest update shows, racist and misogynistic bullying isn’t limited to Twitter. Prominent non-white, non-male celebrities are open to all kinds of online harassment. The Daily Newsreports that the website is currently offline; Jones has yet to make a statement about the hack. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '55f8798e3793264419293dd392fac0fafa713a4de0a9a4903158acbaf8487201'} |
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\section{Ordinal Multiplication by Zero}
Tags: Ordinal Arithmetic
\begin{theorem}
Let $x$ be an ordinal.
{{begin-eqn}}
{{eqn | l = x \cdot \O
| r = \O
| c =
}}
{{eqn | l = \O \cdot x
| r = \O
| c =
}}
{{end-eqn}}
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
{{begin-eqn}}
{{eqn | l = x \cdot \O
| r = \O
| c = {{Defof|Ordinal Multiplication}}
}}
{{end-eqn}}
For $\O \cdot x = \O$, the proof shall proceed by Transfinite Induction on $x$.
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '011c8f8a85585b6850aa60f3554f33606daae1a77935a30ef431868cb599f317'} |
\section{First Order ODE/exp x (1 + x) dx = (x exp x - y exp y) dy}
Tags: Examples of First Order ODE, Examples of Exact Differential Equation, Examples of First Order ODEs
\begin{theorem}
The first order ordinary differential equation:
:$(1): \quad e^x \paren {1 + x} \rd x = \paren {x e^x - y e^y} \rd y$
has the solution:
:$2 x e^x e^{-y} + y^2 + C$
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Dividing $(1)$ through by $e^y$:
:$(2): \quad \paren {1 + x} e^x e^{-y} \rd x = \paren {x e^x e^{-y} - y} \rd y$
Let $z = x e^x e^{-y}$.
Then:
:$\dfrac {\d z} {\d x} = \paren {1 + x} e^x e^{-y} - x e^x e^{-y} \dfrac {\d y} {\d x}$
or:
:$\d z = \paren {1 + x} e^x e^{-y} \rd x - x e^x e^{-y} \rd y$
Substituting $z$ and $\d z$ in $(2)$:
:$\d z = \paren {z - y} \rd y - z \rd y = - y \rd y$
which directly leads to:
:$\ds \int \rd z = -\int y \rd y$
from which:
:$z = -\dfrac {y^2} 2 + k$
Substituting for $z$ and letting $C = 2 k$:
:$2 x e^x e^{-y} + y^2 + C$
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '399f7fc35c6aa63b2b88c97e126befe8bfbdba05581af7efe50c7d9569fb8fbb'} |
The present disclosure relates to a light source device.
Various light source devices in which one or more, light emitting devices are mounted on a substrate are available. With such a light source device, it is known that light distribution of the light emitting devices influences light emitted from the light source device (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-157918 and others). Accordingly, there exists demand for a light source device in which, misalignment of light emitting devices is reduced so that desirable light distribution is achieved when mounting of the light emitting devices is completed. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '38ebd242c340cb6d78ec5bee73e2e8e25da908516c8a8d73bb594ac92f6ffdec'} |
What is the difference between a road, street, avenue, circle, place and way?
The reasons differ per state. You may want to search you current state.
Whatever scarcities we may have in this world, a shortage of street-name suffixes isn't one of them. The possibilities include but are not limited to alley, avenue, boulevard, circle, court, cove, crescent, crossing, dale, drive, estate, extension, gardens, gate, heights, highway, lake, landing, lane, loop, park, parkway, path, place, plaza, point, promenade, ridge, road, roadway, square, street, terrace, trace, trail, village, or way, to say nothing of commonly used foreign words such as camino, calle, etc.
Confronted with this plethora of terms, you'll probably have one of the following reactions:
(1) We need some kind of system here.
(2) We don't need no stinking system, we need some minimal restrictions to protect the public interest.
(3) Whatever, I don't care. Go away.
Reaction #3, I venture to say, has historically predominated among the public officials nominally in charge of these things, but reaction #1 has occurred often enough to convince people there's some underlying plan when in fact there isn't. The most famous sorta-system is Manhattan's grid of north-south avenues and east-west streets. Here's another from the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission of Lansing, Michigan (my assistant Jane lives there, that's why):
Cul-de-sacs should be named circle, court, way, or place
Meandering streets--drive, lane, path, trail
North-south streets--avenue, highway
Streets with planted medians--boulevard, parkway.
Guilford County, North Carolina, prefers:
North-south streets--street; east-west--avenue (take that, Manhattan)
Dead-end streets--terrace, point, cove, dale, way
Short curved roads with ingress and egress from the same thoroughfare--circle.
Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska, is even more precise:
North-south cul-de-sac--circle.
East-west cul-de-sac--court.
Northwest-southeast street--drive
Northeast-southwest street--lane (doesn't the Kenai planning department have anything better to do?)
Begins and ends at same thoroughfare--loop
It totally depends on the city that you're in. Some cities with paths running east-to-west will call them avenues while others will call them streets.
Originally streets were named by their direction and purpose.
Roads were rural, getting you to town. (In the south, we have "Pike" which is a road running from one city to another. Lebanon Pike runs to Lebanon Tennessee...)
Streets were in cities and suburbs.
Avenues were ways of getting around the larger cities. They were the Thouroughfares and also directed you to things. Park Avenue went to the Park.
Circle was a descrip[tive of a circular street.
Place was for roads near a specific destination. Park Place at the Park.
Way were small streets off shoots of other streets. They led from one street to another or away from them.
These days these monikers rarely mean what they used to.
Beats me if this is right, but I looked them up in the dictionary to see what differences were noted there:
Avenue: a wide street or main thoroughfare. a. a wide, usually tree-lined road, path, driveway, etc., through grounds to a country house or monumental building.
b. a suburban, usually tree-lined residential street.
Circle: A traffic circle. Something, such as a ring, shaped like such a plane curve.
Place: A short street.
Way: A minor street in a town
Remember that when the streets were named, they may have been in different conditions than they are currently... For example, I know a lot of really busy Main Avenues, but they may not have been so busy when they received their names.
When more than one definition is applicable, I think they just pick the one that sounds best! lol
There is also an article on wikipedia about street names if you want to check it out: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/street_name...
Sorry if that didn't help much!
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751 P.2d 14 (1988)
KENAI PENINSULA BOROUGH, Appellant,
v.
STATE of Alaska, DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY & REGIONAL AFFAIRS, and Emil Notti, Commissioner, Appellees.
No. S-1785.
Supreme Court of Alaska.
March 4, 1988.
Kristine A. Schmidt, Deputy Borough Atty., Thomas R. Boedeker, Borough Atty., Soldotna, for appellant.
Marjorie L. Odland, Asst. Atty. Gen., Grace Berg Schaible, Atty. Gen., Juneau, for appellees.
Before MATTHEWS, C.J., and RABINOWITZ, BURKE, COMPTON and MOORE, JJ.
OPINION
MOORE, Justice.
This appeal arises from the Kenai Peninsula Borough's 1985 property tax ordinance. The ordinance imposed a tax rate that was higher for personal property than for real property. Also, oil and gas property was taxed at the higher rate. The issues presented are (1) whether the differential tax rate is contrary to law, (2) whether the Borough erred by taxing oil and gas production property at the higher rate, (3) *15 whether Department of Community and Regional Affairs (DCRA) has statutory enforcement authority, and (4) whether the Borough was deprived of due process or equal protection of the laws.
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On June 11, 1985, the Kenai Peninsula Borough Assembly set tax rates for its 1985 property taxes. The Borough established the rate of levy on all real property at 1.75 mills on each dollar of assessed value. The rate of levy on personal property was 2.5 mills. The Borough defined personal property to include "all oil related properties subject to state assessment under AS 43.56."
On June 14, DCRA informed the Borough that the differential tax rate violated state law and constituted a "major error" in the Borough's taxation procedures. DCRA directed the Borough to correct the error by July 1. On June 25, DCRA informed the Borough that the Department of Law agreed with DCRA's conclusion and urged the Borough to adopt a uniform millage as soon as possible, even though the statutory deadline for setting the millage had already passed.
The Borough appealed administratively. The DCRA Commissioner concluded that the differential millage violated state law. The Borough appealed to the superior court, which affirmed the Commissioner's decision. The Borough appeals.
We affirm the decision of the superior court.
II. STATUTORY FRAMEWORK[1]
The Borough has the power to levy a property tax.[2] If it does so, it must assess, levy and collect the tax against both real and personal property.[3] The property must be assessed at its full and true value.[4]
The state levies a tax on oil and gas exploration, production and pipeline transportation property.[5] A municipality may also levy a tax on oil and gas property "at the rate of taxation that applies to other property."[6] The taxpayer is entitled to a credit against its state tax for tax paid to a borough.[7]
III. BOROUGH TAXATION OF OIL AND GAS PROPERTY
DCRA argues that the Borough violated former AS 43.56.010(b) by classifying all oil *16 and gas production property as personal property subject to a mill rate higher than that applied to real property. The Borough contends that taxing oil and gas property at the higher rate is permissible because it is not taxed at a rate higher than personal property in the Borough.[8]
Although a borough may tax oil and gas production property, former AS 43.56.010(b) prohibited the borough from applying a rate higher than that applicable to other taxable property. This limitation was apparently intended to prevent a borough from shifting its fiscal responsibilities away from its general property owners and onto the shoulders of the oil and gas industry, and ultimately, due to the credit against state taxes, onto the state government. In other words, local residents should pay their fair share of the cost of local government rather than casting the burden disproportionately onto the people of the state.
We conclude that the Borough violated former AS 43.56.010(b) because it taxed oil and gas property at a higher rate than it taxed real property in the Borough. If taxing oil and gas property at the higher tax rate deprived the state of revenue, Kenai must reimburse the state.[9]
IV. LEGALITY OF THE DIFFERENTIAL TAX RATE
DCRA argues that the Borough's differential tax rate is illegal because it violates former AS 29.53.010-.180. The Borough contends that the differential tax rate is legal because it is not specifically prohibited by law.[10]
In Liberati v. Bristol Bay Borough, 584 P.2d 1115 (Alaska 1978), several fishermen challenged a local 3% tax on the sale of raw fish, arguing that the borough had no power to impose a sales tax on a specific commodity. We upheld the tax because the authorizing statute neither required a general tax nor limited permissible tax exceptions. Id. at 1123. Given the broad grant of taxing authority and the liberal construction of local government powers, we concluded that "[w]e should not be quick to imply limitations on the taxing authority of a municipality where none are expressed." Id. at 1121.
The former statutes governing local property taxes are rather more intricate than those authorizing borough sales taxes. Compare former AS 29.53.010.-.180 with former AS 29.53.415-.420. Notwithstanding the broad construction of the taxing power and the absence of a specific prohibition against a differential tax rate, we believe that the statutes evince a legislative intent to require a unitary tax rate on real and personal property. See City of Homer v. Gangl, 650 P.2d 396, 401 (Alaska 1982) (construing former AS 29.53.440 to require uniformity in sales tax within a borough does not offend the rule of liberal construction).
By statute, all property must be assessed at its full and true value.[11] As DCRA argued below, taxing real and personal property at different rates is the functional equivalent of assessing real property at less than its full value:
The practical effect of the differential rate is the same as if the borough had systematically valued all personal property as the statute requires at full and true value and had systematically valued all real property at 70% of full value. *17 Under the latter approach, if the mill rate were 2.50, then $10,000 of personal property assessed at full value would produce a tax of $25. But $10,000 of real property assessed at 70% of true value would produce a tax of only $17.50. That procedure would be in flagrant violation of AS 29.53.060, which requires that all property be assessed at full and true value. Kenai has accomplished precisely the same result by its differential mill rate. $10,000 of personal property taxed at 2.5 mills produces a tax of $25. $10,000 of real property taxed at 1.75 mills produces a tax of $17.50.
What the Borough cannot do directly, it cannot do indirectly. See Idaho Telephone Co. v. Baird, 91 Idaho 425, 423 P.2d 337, 341 (1967) (given state constitutional requirement of uniformity, legislature must assess all property at the same percentage of cash value and apply a single rate of taxation).
We conclude that former AS 29.53.010-.180 requires a uniform rate of levy on real and personal property within a borough.
V. DCRA'S STATUTORY ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY
The Borough argues that, even if its differential tax rate violates former AS 29.53.010-.180, DCRA's statutory enforcement authority is confined to correcting procedural errors. The Borough reasons that DCRA overstepped its authority when it intervened in the Borough's exercise of its substantive power to establish the tax rate. DCRA contends that setting the tax rate is a procedure within its statutory enforcement power.
DCRA has the authority to "advise and assist municipalities on procedures of assessment, valuation and taxation, and notify municipalities of major errors in those procedures." AS 44.47.050(19). If a municipality receives notice that its "assessment, valuation or taxation procedures" contain major errors, it must correct the procedure before the next fiscal year begins or file an appeal with the DCRA Commissioner within thirty days.[12] If the Commissioner concludes that a major error exists, the taxing authority must correct its procedures before the beginning of the next fiscal year.[13]
The ultimate question is whether establishing the tax rate is a "procedure" under AS 44.47.050(19) and former AS 29.53.105. Setting the tax rate is merely one step of the property taxation process, which consists of a series of mixed procedural and substantive acts. We believe that the legislature intended to charge DCRA with overseeing the entire local taxation process. We therefore conclude that setting the tax rate is a procedure subject to DCRA's statutory enforcement authority.[14]
*18 VI. CONSTITUTIONAL CLAIMS: DUE PROCESS AND EQUAL PROTECTION
The Borough argues that it was deprived of due process of law guaranteed by the Alaska Constitution because it had no opportunity for a hearing before DCRA determined that it had committed a major error. The Borough further argues that it was deprived of due process and equal protection because DCRA arbitrarily and selectively enforces the law against certain cities and boroughs. DCRA contends that the Borough is not a "person" entitled to due process or equal protection, that it received all the process due, and that its selective enforcement is rationally based on the law applicable to local taxing authorities and the lack of oil and gas property in certain geographic areas of the state.
The threshold question is whether the Borough is a "person" entitled to due process or equal protection under the Alaska Constitution. This is an issue of first impression.[15]
The question appears to be well-settled under the federal constitution: a political subdivision of the state may not challenge the validity of a state statute under the due process or equal protection clauses.[16] In defeating an equal protection challenge, the Supreme Court once said:
A municipal corporation, created by a state for the better ordering of government, has no privileges or immunities under the federal constitution which it may invoke in opposition to the will of its creator.
Williams v. Mayor of Baltimore, 289 U.S. 36, 40, 53 S.Ct. 431, 432, 77 L.Ed. 1015, 1020 (1933).[17]
The question remains whether the state constitution affords protection to the Borough.[18] Most state courts exclude local government entities from state due process and equal protection guarantees. E.g., Village of Riverwood v. Department of Transp., 77 Ill.2d 130, 32 Ill.Dec. 325, 328, 395 N.E.2d 555, 558 (1979) (under the Illinois Constitution, municipal corporation may not assert due process claim against state); State ex rel. Brentwood School Dist. v. State Tax Comm'n, 589 S.W.2d 613, 615 (Mo. 1979) (en banc) (school districts are not "persons" and may not charge the state with due process violations); State ex rel. New Mexico State Highway Comm'n v. Taira, 78 N.M. 276, 430 P.2d 773, 778 (1967) (State Highway Commission not protected by due process clause); Carl v. Board of Regents, 577 P.2d 912, 915 (Okla. 1978) (state medical school admissions committee not entitled to due process or equal protection); City of Seattle v. State, 103 Wash.2d 663, 694 P.2d 641, 645 (1985) (en banc) (city itself not entitled to equal protection, but has standing to assert claims of potential residents); City of Mountlake Terrace v. Wilson, 15 Wash. App. 392, 549 P.2d 497, 498 (1976) (city may not assert due process claim against state).
We follow suit, concluding that the Borough is not a "person" and therefore may not assert due process or equal protection claims against its creator, the state. The purpose of the Alaska due process and equal protection clauses is to protect people from abuses of government, not to protect political subdivisions of the state from the *19 actions of other units of state government.[19]
Thus, the only procedural rights to which the Borough is entitled are those bestowed by statute. DCRA is not subject to the Administrative Procedure Act. AS 44.62.330. DCRA complied with the notice and appeal procedures in former AS 29.53.105.[20] Given the brief window of opportunity during which DCRA may issue a notice of major error, the abbreviated procedure is reasonable. When the legislature has "specified the procedures an administrative agency must follow, ... courts should refrain from imposing their own notions of proper procedure on the agency." Ship Creek Hydraulic Syndicate v. State, Dept. of Transp. and Pub. Facilities, 685 P.2d 715, 717-18 (Alaska 1984) (eminent domain procedures).
We therefore conclude that the Borough received all process due.
AFFIRMED.
NOTES
[1] This appeal is governed by the statutes in effect in June 1985. Chapter 53 of title 29 was repealed, amended and recodified effective January 1, 1986. Ch. 74, § 88, SLA 1985.
[2] Former AS 29.48.010 provided in part:
Municipalities have the following general powers, subject to other provisions of law:
....
(7) to levy taxes and special assessments....
Former AS 29.53.010 provided:
Home rule and general law boroughs may levy (1) an areawide property tax for areawide functions, and (2) a property tax limited to the area outside cities for functions limited to the area outside cities. A property tax if levied must be assessed, levied and collected on real and personal property as provided in this chapter.
Kenai Peninsula Borough is a general law municipality and a second class borough. See AS 29.04.020, .030(2).
[3] Former AS 29.53.010, supra note 2.
[4] Former AS 29.53.060(a) provided:
The assessor shall assess property at its full and true value.... The full and true value is the estimated price which the property would bring in an open market and under the then prevailing market conditions in a sale between a willing seller and a willing buyer both conversant with the property and with prevailing general price levels.
[5] Former AS 43.56.010 provided in part:
(a) An annual tax of 20 mills is levied each tax year ... on the full and true value of taxable property taxable under this chapter.
(b) A municipality may levy and collect a tax under AS 29.53.045 at the rate of taxation that applies to other property taxed by the municipality. The tax shall be levied at a rate no higher than the rate applicable to other property taxable by the municipality....
....
(d) A tax paid to a municipality under AS 29.53.045... shall be credited against the tax levied under (a) of this section for that tax year.
[6] Id.; former AS 29.53.045(a) (providing that "[a] municipality may levy and collect taxes on taxable property taxable under AS 43.56").
[7] Former AS 43.56.010(d), supra note 5.
[8] The independent judgment standard of review applies to the issues raised on appeal; they present questions of statutory interpretation which do not involve complex subject matter or fundamental policy issues. See National Bank v. State, Dept. of Revenue, 642 P.2d 811, 815 (Alaska 1982).
[9] Former AS 29.53.105(d) provided:
If errors in its assessment, valuation or taxation procedures have resulted in a loss of revenue to the state, the municipality shall reimburse the state for the amount of revenues lost.
[10] Local government powers are liberally construed. Alaska Const. art. X, § 1; former AS 29.48.310. Unless otherwise limited by law, a borough may exercise all powers fairly implied in a specific grant of power. Former AS 29.48.320. The enumeration of certain powers does not imply the exclusion of others. Former AS 29.48.330.
[11] Former AS 29.53.060(a), supra note 4.
[12] Former AS 29.53.105 provided in part:
(a) If a municipality receives a notice from the State Assessor that major errors have been found in its assessment, valuation or taxation procedures, the municipality shall correct its procedures before the beginning of the next fiscal year or file an appeal under (b) of this section.
(b) A municipality may appeal a notice from the State Assessor ... by filing an appeal with the commissioner of community and regional affairs within 30 days after receipt of notice of error.
(c) The commissioner ... shall render a decision within 60 days.... If the commissioner determines that a major error has been made[,] ... [he] shall notify the municipality of changes that must be made and the municipality shall correct its procedures before the beginning of the next fiscal year.
[13] Id.
[14] Former AS 29.53.170(b) required the Borough to fix its rate of levy before June 15. The Borough argues that DCRA may not force the Borough to redetermine its rate of levy after that date. However, former AS 29.53.105(a) expressly required the Borough to appeal or immediately correct its error. Moreover, in City of Yakutat v. Ryman, 654 P.2d 785, 791-92 (Alaska 1982), we ruled that former AS 29.53.170(b) was merely directory; therefore, a tax levy is not automatically invalid when the taxing authority misses the June 15 deadline. Instead, the tax is valid if the taxing authority substantially complied with the statutory requirements and the party challenging the tax was not substantially prejudiced by the delay. Id.
[15] In City of Homer v. State, Dept. of Natural Resources, 566 P.2d 1314, 1317 (Alaska 1977), we expressly refused to decide whether a local government is a "person" entitled to due process.
[16] U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1 provides in part:
No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
[17] While the Supreme Court has not revisited this issue in over 50 years, Williams is often cited by the circuit courts today. See Village of Arlington Heights v. Regional Transp. Auth., 653 F.2d 1149, 1151-52 (7th Cir.1981); City of New York v. Richardson, 473 F.2d 923, 929 (2d Cir.1973); and cases cited therein.
[18] Alaska Const. art. I, § 7 provides in part: "No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." Article I, § 1 provides in part: "[A]ll persons are ... entitled to equal rights, opportunities, and protection under the law...."
[19] The Borough has not argued that it may assert the rights of its residents as parens patriae, nor do we decide this issue.
[20] See supra note 12.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '520de98383f79fea01deef08213e9beb502d4fe703ff7b0df50da80e8abb313b'} |
Charlene Dupray was voted "Most Likely to Succeed" by her classmates at New Hanover High School in Wilmington, N.C., in 1990. That honor has been hanging over her ever since.
Even though she went on to graduate from the University of Chicago, travel throughout southern Europe, the Middle East and the Caribbean as a cruise-line tour director and pull down a six-figure salary in executive recruiting, Ms. Dupray, now 38 years old, says, "I have been constantly evaluating my success and using that silly award as a benchmark."
Charlene Dupray quit a professional job in New York City in 2006 to start a gourmet-chocolate business in North Carolina. D.J. Struntz/Eyeconic Images for Wall Street Journal
Ms. Dupray's 1990 high school yearbook photo, when she was named Most Likely to Succeed. Courtesy Charlene Dupray
More high schools are eliminating senior-class polls, a long-standing tradition for graduating classes, in part out of concern for their effect on recipients. Research suggests most winners of the most-likely-to-succeed label will do well later in life, based on their academic ability, social skills and motivation. Less is known about the psychological impact. Some former winners of the title say what seemed like a nice vote of confidence from their classmates actually created a sense of pressure or self-doubt.
"Being noosed with 'most likely to succeed' is like lugging an albatross to every job interview, new relationship or writing endeavor," says Blake Atwood, 30, of Irving, Texas, and a copywriter for a law firm. His 80 classmates at his Lorena, Texas, high school bestowed the label on him in 1998. Recalling these expectations just deepened his self-doubt during a six-year period after college when he wasn't working in his chosen field, as a writer, he says.
Nearly one-third of those named "most likely" in high school regard it later as "a curse," according to a recent poll of 1,369 members of MemoryLane.com, which links users to high-school classmates, yearbooks and nostalgic material. Some say the label makes them feel stuck with high-school definitions of success, which invariably involve rising to the top of a profession, making lots of money, or both.
Brandon Hogan, a doctoral candidate in philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh, says winning the most-likely designation at his Winter Haven, Fla., high school has fostered pressure "to make sure I live up to it," long after his 1999 graduation. "I wanted in some way to be a leader for the people who were paying attention to me back home," he says. That has sometimes been inspiring; such thoughts kept him from seriously considering dropping out of Harvard Law School a few years ago, he says. "It's not that the pressure is going to get to me. But I'd like the story to end well," says Mr. Hogan, now 29.
As it turns out, the behaviors typically linked to the label may be "a pretty good predictor of how well they're going to do in the labor market as adults," says Christy Lleras, an assistant professor of human and community development at the University of Illinois, Urbana.
Blake Atwood is happy as a copywriter at a Dallas law firm, but says being voted 'Most Likely to Succeed' was 'an albatross' to carry. for the Wall Street Journal
His Lorena, Texas, high school yearbook photo from 1998. Courtesy Blake Atwood
In her study of 7,656 people, published in 2008 in the journal Social Science Research, high-school sophomores with comparable behaviors, including superior social skills and work habits and more extracurricular activities, earned 12% more money than their peers 10 years later. And about 4 in 10 most-likely-to-succeed winners regard the label as an inspiration, the MemoryLane.com survey shows.
Sakita Holley of New York City says being raised by her grandmother because her parents were absent fostered "frustration and negative energy" that she channeled into achievement. As a high-school senior in 2005, she urged classmates to vote her most likely to succeed. After she won, she had "success" tattooed on her back, changed her middle name to "success" on Facebook, and graduated with honors from Howard University. She named the public-relations company she founded in 2006 "House of Success."
Although her quest for success "governs my life," she says, she defines it in her own terms. "Success doesn't mean making $100 million. It means getting through the day without a pink slip on the door, it means turning on the TV and seeing my client on the news."
Even winners of the most-likely-to-succeed label sometimes wish they had been voted something else. Ms. Dupray was also named "most likely to be remembered" in high school, she says, but she gave it up because each student was allowed only one such honor.
Ms. Dupray and her husband quit professional jobs in New York City in 2006 to start a gourmet-chocolate business, South 'n France, in Wilmington, N.C. She hoped the business would rocket to success in six months, rather than the five years advisers told her it would take. While the business has won industry awards and survived the recession, she and her husband, Pascal Siegler, are drawing small salaries.
That may have bothered her years ago, but not now. "Now, I think success is much more simple, and elusive, including all the things we take for granted," such as health, contentment and time to reflect, she says.
Schools Shunning Senior Polls An estimated 1 in 4 high-school senior classes this month are conducting the ritual pre-graduation vote to choose one or two members "most likely to succeed." But the trend may not last much longer. Schools are veering away from senior-class "superlatives" polls. , executive director of the Journalism Education Association at Kansas State University in Manhattan, Kan., estimates that about 25% of high-school yearbooks still name one or more students "most likely to succeed," down from about 75% two decades ago. One reason, says , an attorney in Ferndale, Wash., and legal consultant to the nonprofit Student Press Law Center, Arlington, Va., is that some labels, such as "worst reputation" or "most likely to have a conversation with himself," can raise legal concerns about damaging students' future prospects.
For a few, the label has served as a useful milestone to measure how far they have come. Deborah de Freitas, 42, says she was driven to achieve during her years at Leander High School in Leander, Texas, becoming student council president and class president and earning an invitation to apply to a Harvard University summer fellowship program for academically gifted students. Her classmates voted her "most likely to succeed" in 1986.
But graduation from high school brought a sharp change of course. She chose not to apply to an Ivy League school, then changed her major several times at the University of Texas before graduating after five years with three majors and three minors. "I asked myself, 'Why am I floundering so much?' " she says, recalling her search for direction. After 12 years as a senior manager at a computer company, she sold her stock options and traveled for five years.
Today, she has redefined success to suit herself. "The person I was in high school is kind of foreign to me," says Ms. de Freitas, director of marketing for Bazaarvoice, an Austin, Texas, software company. Since then, "I learned that success wasn't what I was most interested in. I was most interested in experience. I wanted to travel, have great meaningful friendships, experience art and music and life."
In hindsight, she wishes today she had won a different label: "Most likely to be happy."
—Email sue.shellenbarger@wsj.com | mini_pile | {'original_id': '92b3914e7a551171fa0b955247a514779abd1e9aa68b356193be19438effc264'} |
Research Press Release
Human behaviour: The roots of human violence may lie in our evolutionary tree
September 29, 2016
Lethal interpersonal violence is a particular feature of primates and is likely to have been inherited by humans during the course of evolution, finds a new study published in Nature this week.
Violent behaviour directed towards members of the same species is known to be common in certain mammals, such as primates, but is virtually unknown in others, such as bats and whales; however it is not clear how much of human aggressive behaviour is driven by our position in the evolutionary tree. The psychological, sociological and evolutionary origins of human violence have long confounded academics, who have been unable to disentangle the relative importance of cultural and non-cultural components.
Jose Maria Gomez and colleagues compile data from over 4 million deaths and quantify the level of lethal violence in 1,024 mammal species from 137 taxonomic families and in about 600 human populations, ranging from about 50,000 years ago to the present. Taking data from a variety of human and mammalian sources, they use phylogenetic comparative tools to predict that the overall proportion of human deaths caused by interpersonal violence stands at around 2% - a figure that matches the observed value for prehistoric man.
The authors also investigate how the evolutionarily inferred level of lethal violence differs from that empirically observed during human history. They show that levels of lethal interpersonal violence have changed throughout history, mostly in conjunction with changes in socio-political organization of human populations. These results suggest that culture can influence evolutionarily inherited lethal violence in humans.
DOI:10.1038/nature19758 | Original article
Research highlights
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Q:
SQL - depending dates
I have a time series table which looks like the following:
ID Date Value
1 2016-11-01 1.0
1 2016-11-03 1.76
...
i.e. just consecutive values for each of them. I also have a table like this:
ID class Date
1 c1 2016-11-01
1 c2 2016-12-02
1 c3 2017-02-03
...
i.e. a table that tells what class the ID belongs to. The date represents what date it starts to apply and then applies until the next row (date) in the table.
I need to join them together in some way to have a complete time series for the 'class' column as well:
ID class Date Value
1 c1 2016-11-01 1.0
...
1 c2 2016-12-02 2.5
...
1 c3 2017-02-03 3.7
...
Does anyone have a good solution/hint on how to implement this?
A:
Here is a solution for Oracle. Adapt as needed. The top part is not part of the solution (see the COMMENT in the code); I use it just for testing. I added one more row in the first table to confirm that the query works correctly for dates beyond the last date in the second table. Also, in Oracle date is a reserved word, so it shouldn't be used as a column name. I changed it to dt.
with
your_first_table ( id, dt, value ) as (
select 1, date '2016-11-01', 1.0 from dual union all
select 1, date '2016-11-03', 1.76 from dual union all
select 1, date '2017-04-11', 2.34 from dual
),
your_second_table ( id, class, dt ) as (
select 1, 'c1', date '2016-11-01' from dual union all
select 1, 'c2', date '2016-12-02' from dual union all
select 1, 'c3', date '2017-02-03' from dual
)
-- end of test data; SQL query begins below this line
select t1.id, t2.class, t1.dt, t1.value
from your_first_table t1
left outer join
( select id, class, dt as from_dt,
lead(dt) over (partition by id order by dt) as to_dt
from your_second_table
) t2
on t1.id = t2.id
and t1.dt >= t2.from_dt
and ( t1.dt < t2.to_dt or t2.to_dt is null)
;
ID CLASS DT VALUE
---- ----- ---------- ----------
1 c1 2016-11-01 1
1 c1 2016-11-03 1.76
1 c3 2017-04-11 2.34
3 rows selected.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'a020360544e28c9afcc15992e9ff1977f335d6bdac7d95d99b6638fd37354915'} |
After a significant drop in the last several years, the annual deforestation rates in Brazil raised 28% for the period August 2012-July 2013, according to INPE, the Brazilian Spatial Institute.
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The total area deforested in 2012-2013 is 5,843 km2 - a trend led by the states of Mato Grosso, Roraima, Maranhão, and Pará.
The area cleared in Mato Grosso rose 52% from 757 km2 in 2012 to 1,149. The area cleared in Pará rose 37% from 1,741 km2 to 2,379 km. For Roraima deforestation increased 49% from 124 km2 to 185 km2. Maranhão registered 269 km2 cleared in 2012 and 382 km2 in 2013, an increase of 42%.
Only three states out of 10 in the Brazilian Amazon - Acre, Amapá and Tocantins - registered a drop in deforestation. In Acre state, the illegally deforested area fell 35% from 305 km2 to 199 km2. For Amapá, deforestation fell 60% from 27 km2 in 2012 to just 11km2 in 2013. In Tocantins,deforestation fell 17% from 52 km2 in 2012 to 43km2 in 2013.
The announcement was made by the Brazilian Environment Ministry, Izabella Teixeira, in a press conference held on November 14 in Brasilia:
"Unfortunately there has been an increasing trend in deforestation rates in some states, but I would like to emphasize that the government commitment is to reverse this trend and any increase tendency."
"What we want is to eliminate illegal deforestation in the Amazon. For this we need the support of governments and society."
In Pará state illegal mining is the main cause of deforestation, Teixeira added. She also mentioned a new dynamic of illegal action: large areas are cleared and abandoned, then after three years groups of people come back to occupy the area, possible a new type of land grabbing. Another driver of deforestation is the clearance of selected trees for illegal logging under the canopy.
Through a partnership with the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO), Brazil government is cooperating to strength the deforestation monitoring in other Amazon countries.
Francisco Oliveira, director of the Department of Policies to Reduce Deforestation at the Brazilian Environment Ministry, said the Amazon countries had developed a deforestation map of the entire Amazon region for 2010-2012.
"It is important to share with other countries the Brazilian experience in monitoring illegal deforestation. We offer a consistent system and we hope that this will collaborate to their public policies to face illegal deforestation." | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ec6805f06436a15aa055b61371db1c58b261755159492daf402cc25800b0cbf8'} |
Custom Songs
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Aida: "Que te quería decir , no se como quedará todo, que seguro que al final queda estupendo, pero que solo por tú atención, tú manera de haceer y de manera de tratar con los clientes, vamos, me dan ganas de recomendarte a todo el mundo. "
RESERVE your Custom Song | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7695510387420654}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '37558', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LCGAYG2BA3D6GSWT5IH6KWDXLLSOMSGB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ad90cf87-1a19-4bc1-a01e-315e0bbb4b72>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 19, 22, 42, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '217.16.182.120', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZIIEB3KHKYPZJTZQIIGQ5DMI7MQT4OSG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3a26afb0-1ce5-4658-9297-07579e3a2ef3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.miscancionespersonalizadas.com/en/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:642dcbfc-8192-493f-b662-eae05131d0cf>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '394', 'url': 'https://www.miscancionespersonalizadas.com/en/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-158-174-231.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0802268385887146', 'original_id': '3878a8546a7b393d204c453af82fbdd28054a8553a82bb8c143ed380e2445220'} |
Extract data from Zapier Storage
I was successful in publishing (POST) a JSON file in Zapier and creating a Storage for it. However, I´d like to access the JSON in Zapier Storage using a Python code run locally. I am able to access the storage with Python3, see that is something written there, but I cannot access the JSON contents.
import urllib
import json
import codecs
reader = codecs.getreader("utf-8")
access_token = "password"
def GetStorage(page_id, access_token):
url = 'https://hooks.zapier.com/url/'
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
data = json.load(reader(response))
return data
a=GetStorage(url, access_token)
print(a)
All I get is:
{'attempt': '5a539a49-65eb-44f8-a30e-e171faf7a680',
'id': '1b38d21a-0150-46df-98c1-490a0d04b565',
'request_id': '5a539a49-65eb-44f8-a30e-e171faf7a680',
'status': 'success'}
When in fact I need:
{'Name':'value',
'Address': 'value'
}
Any ideas ?
David here, from the Zapier Platform team.
You're close! hooks.zapier.com is the url we use for incoming webhooks, so we always reply with a 200 and the response body you're seeing.
Instead, use store.zapier.com. You'll also want to make sure to include your secret. A full request URL will look like:
https://store.zapier.com/api/records?secret=test
which will return arbitrary json data:
{
"name": "david",
"job": "programmer"
}
The full docs are in json here: https://store.zapier.com/
great! make sure to upvote mark the answer as correct to help others. :)
Awesome! Helped me too :)
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48154558', 'collection': 'StackExchange', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2018.0', 'title': 'Stack Exchange', 'creator': 'Rick Wolff, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1825390, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4519548, xavdid', 'language': 'Dutch', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '204', 'token_count': '514', '__index_level_0__': '47780', 'original_id': '2a653e9a28ed2c2cef8b7d29de63539ee17158b3fbbd6de26f9a57ccfbd67b58'} |
The wind and snow mixed with rain lashed the windows of the stately house on the hill in the countryside. Through the clamor of the snowstorm, Sabah heard a car's engine begin to sputter and miss. Few women could have caught the sound over the storm rattling the windows, but her hearing was more acute than any ordinary woman's. All her senses were -- as were her urges. And those senses informed her that the desperate driver turned off the road into her driveway as his motor died, leaving it to roll to a stop near her entrance gate. She pursed her brow to ensure he didn't miss seeing it.
She was not expecting company on such a night. She had dressed for the evening alone. But also for a tete-a-tete. Always be prepared, she chuckled. Her house was set well back the road, and the wet snow was accumulating quickly. Out here, forty miles from the city there were no near neighbors. There was no help for it, the driver of the stricken vehicle would have to seek refuge at her door. He was going to be frozen by the ten-minute walk to her door. Or she? No. Sabah knew the driver was male, a young male. A handsome and virile young male, she smiled, her nostrils wide with excitement. Somehow, whenever her hunger reached this level, a prey appeared. Her nerves tingled in expectation, and all her appetites stirred. It would take him a few more minutes to make his way here. More than enough time to prepare.
She opened the satin robe, black as her hair, exposing the shorter nightgown of the same material. She appraised her appearance in the mirror in the hall, noting with approval how the gown and robe set off her fair, almost pale skin. Her eyes were dark, mysterious, an effect many women tried to imitate with make-up. She needed none. Her ensemble clung to her slender yet voluptuous figure. Her bosoms were twin snowy mounds with a deeply shadowed valley between. This would do very well. Experience gave her confidence in her powers.
She was ready by the entrance when the doorbell rang. She let it ring a second time -- she wanted him to feel like a supplicant -- then opened the door. She studied the young man standing there while her appearance had its desired effect on him. He was well made, better than she had hoped. His face was ruggedly strong rather than handsome. No little intelligence, and even more strength of character looked out of his blue eyes. His hair was wetly plastered to his head; she could not judge the color. In spite of being miserably cold, he radiated vigor and vitality. She suppressed an urge to lick her lips. She could not have chosen better. His stunned reaction indicated a healthy masculine heterosexuality. Very good. This would make her task easier ... and more pleasant. She allowed him to stare for a few seconds longer.
"Yes?" she said finally. He came to himself with a start. He seemed embarrassed by his speechlessness, as if it was the fault of his rudeness rather than her calculated effort. She eyed him with amusement.
"My car broke down." He gestured towards the gate of her drive, although human eyes probably could not see it through the storm. "I wanted to use your 'phone to call the auto club?"
"They warn single women alone never to let a strange man into her house," she replied in a teasing tone. "And the traveler-in-distress is the most transparent ploy ..." She should know; she had used it often enough in the past herself. Her accent reflected her long cosmopolitan life. Of course she did not show the least sign of apprehension.
"Yes, Ma'am," the distressed traveler answered, taking her at her word. "This whole situation is right out of a B-movie script. Could you call them for me, then? Here is my membership card with my member number. tell them I'll wait for them in my car. It's a gray..."
"Oh, _do_ come in!" she interrupted a trifle impatiently, not wanting his misplaced gallantry to spoil her plans. "I think I'm in no danger from YOU. You'll have to take your chances with me, however. No auto club could reach here, anyway. We're likely to be snowbound for days," she chuckled. "Now, get in her before you catch your death standing there in the snow!" She stepped aside and opened the door fully.
He did not hesitate, but entered quickly, visibly glad to get out of the cold and wind. He was in the entrance hall, with the gleaming white tiled kitchen off the right, and the living room/parlor straight ahead. The darkened hall to the left led to her boudoir. Why on Earth had THAT word popped into his mind? The living room was furnished in white: deep carpets, plush overstuffed furniture. A fire burned in the white brick fireplace and mixed with the smell of oak was incense of a most peculiar sort. Music was playing softly in the background; although the volume was low, he could feel the bass line from the powerful speakers.
"Heavens! Don't just stand there dripping on my carpet, my young friend" she smiled. "Go into the kitchen and get out of those wet things. I'll bring you something to put on." She went down the hall to the linen closet. From her vantage point in the dark, she watched his eyes try to follow her. He went into the kitchen, took off his coat and draped it over a chair. He removed his shoes, then hesitated. She returned to the foyer and tossed him a large, fluffy towel through the kitchen door. She laughed. "Go on! Get undressed! I won't peek," she lied. "Dry off!"
He blushed (how charming, she thought), but disrobed as she instructed and dried himself. She busied herself preparing the living room for the next stage, surreptitiously looking in on him as he finished and wrapped the towel around his body. She felt a spasm of desire. She had been far too long without a male essence and she had to exercise self control to proceed methodically. When he had tucked the ends in to secure the bath sheet in place, she returned as if by coincidence with a white terry cloth kimono. "Here," she said not unsympathetically, handing him the robe. "Put this on. I'll make you some tea and join you in the living room."
He donned the robe and went into the other room. While he was in the kitchen, she had turned down the lights, and changed the music to something soft and dreamy, vaguely oriental, very quiet but with a slow pulsing base. "Sit down and make yourself comfortable," Sabah called to him from the kitchen. "I've turned up the heat, to help take the chill out of you."
She watched until he sank into the plush upholstery and soft cushions of the over-stuffed couch with a sigh. The warmth of the fire, the sensuous feel of the velvety pile and the music would coax him into the mood she wanted. She saw him hesitate, them put his head back, giving in to the music's invitation to let go. She smiled to herself and put the kettle on. Soothing and mildly sedative herbs were ready in an infusion bag. She let the relaxing and erotic suggestions she had implanted in the living room music take effect while the kettle boiled and the brew steeped. When it had reached the right strength and temperature, she poured a cup for him, and returned to the living room.
His eyes were closed as she expected. She sat by his side, curling one leg up under her so she was facing him, regarding him for a few moments. Her nostrils flared. He would do; he would more than do! Belatedly sensing her presence, he blinked, and raised his head to look at her. She handed him the faintly steaming mug with a smile. "Comfy? Might as well make the best of it. Looks like you're stuck here with me for several days, so you might as well feel at home. Here, drink this."
Her fingers lightly brushed his own as she handed him the mug. He sipped the sweet fragrant liquid, somewhere between warm and hot, to encourage him to drink. It was delicious. He sipped again. As she watched, she could almost see its soothing effect speed through him, relieving the chill and stiffness of the drenching he had received, as it gently relaxed his muscles, stirred his passions, and beguiled his defenses.
He glanced at her over the rim of the cup. Her robe was open and flowed behind her. The gown was slit to the hip, and she had seated herself in a position calculated to open it and subtly display her smooth, shapely legs. The neckline of her gown was disconcertingly low, and contrasted strikingly with her milk white bosom. He realized he was staring, and jerked his eyes up to her face. She saw his confusion, and smiled again.
"It is all right," she spoke in a tone of quiet amusement. "Finish your tea. I want you to feel comfortable here."
"I'm sorry, I didn't mean to stare," he stammered, then sipped more of the herbal brew to cover his embarrassment.
"It really is all right," she assured him. "It is hard not to look at me, isn't it? Don't worry, if looking at me helps you relax and feel comfortable, please do."
He blushed furiously. How sweet, she thought, to find a man who can blush these days. Plainly to cover his confusion, he raised one eyebrow quizzically. She laughed musically and placed her right hand on his thigh.
"Would I dress like this if I didn't enjoy having men look at me. I LIKE the reaction. Especially of a nice YOUNG man." She smiled and leaned her face in her left hand, resting that elbow on the back of the couch. She gazed steadily into his eyes as she continued speaking. "And you do enjoy looking at my breasts, don't you?" She did not remove her hand from his lap, but let it drift lightly up towards his crotch.
"Er...yes, yes I ... I do," he admitted nervously.
"Of course you do," she repeated with mock coyness. "I can tell," she went on, trailing her fingers across his groin. "I believe looking at my cleavage could even be getting you a little bit turned on. Don't be embarrassed. It happens frequently when I show young men my breasts." She paused to gauge his reaction; she didn't want to frighten him ... too much. The tea was doing its work, keeping his skittishness in check.
"I'm flattered when a man cannot keep his eyes off my bosom. I like it even better when he tries to peek up my gown as you are doing." His eyes dropped to her lap in response to the implicit suggestion. "Trying to see if I have on panties?" she teased. She didn't, of course, and his eyes were riveted to the narrow gap at the top of the slit in her gown by the hint of a confirming glimpse. She reached out and took the now empty cup from his unfeeling fingers. "Tell me your name," she said, abruptly changing the subject.
"Ah ... my name? Oh, Rod," he stammered, blinking and dragging his eyes back up to meet her own. "My name is Rod ..."
"Rod," she interrupted. "That's a nice name, a strong, masculine name. You like being here with me, don't you, Rod? Not waiting for an answer, she put the cup down on the coffee table, and slipped her hand inside the robe he was wearing, grazing her fingertips down his bare thigh. "Are you feeling relaxed and comfortable, Rod?"
"Oh, sure," he replied hastily, clearly trying not to show just how un-comfortable he really was. He tried to return her steady look, but her gaze was too intense, and the pull of her low neckline was so strong, that his eyes kept drifting back into the shadowed cleft between her creamy breasts.
This was too good! This delectable male morsel was struggling, not to defend himself from seduction by a dangerous woman, but to be a gentleman. Such innocence! Such naivete! Such a hunk! She could feel her pussy grow moist in anticipation of the feeding.
"I don't think you are telling me the truth, Rod," she almost giggled. "It's all right. Like most men, you are a little bit afraid of me. I am a mysterious, sexy woman and I am wearing clothes that make it impossible not to look at me. I think this negligee with its low neckline intimidates you. You are feeling a little aroused. Perhaps you are worried that I might seduce you, try to take advantage of you. After all, the lights are dim, the room is warm and cozy. I have you all alone with no one to see what I am doing to you. I could caress you and you might become hopelessly aroused." Her palm rested warmly against the inside of his thigh, while her fingers moved dreamily in little circles, barely touching his skin. "Are you afraid that I might make you have sex with me against your will?"
"Yes...," he answered abstractedly, his eyes and mind elsewhere, as she had arranged.
"Well, you are right to be concerned. It would be easy, so easy to manipulate your mind to take advantage of you." Just as I have been doing, she thought. "But you do not need to worry, Rod. Relax. I never make love to a man against his will. No man comes to my bed until I have made him very, very willing. If we make love tonight, I will make sure you really want it first. So you can put those fears out of your mind."
"All right." he murmured compliantly, knowing somehow that he should not.
"I can help you forget your fears. You can relax. You can trust me." She slid her hand up to his waist and unfastened the robe. She smiled a twisted little smile, almost a smirk, and dropped her hand to his lap. She began a slow gentle stroking of his crotch. "We will just talk. You can tell me anything, and listen carefully to everything I say."
"Uh, ma'am... Oh! . You shouldn't. . Please don't do that!"
"No?" She didn't pause even for an instant as she replied. "Do you not like a woman's soft warm hand on your sex?"
"Aahh...yes. But it is getting me aroused!"
"That's just the point. Your prick is already getting nicely big and hard!"
"Do not fight it, Rod. It's to help us become friends. I want you to be completely open and at ease with me. Open to me. I want you aroused. Getting a man aroused makes him docile and obedient. Does not my playing with your penis make you feel like doing anything I tell you?"
"Oh, yeess, Ma'am," Rod sighed.
"That's right. Good. Very good. Now close your eyes and tell me everything about yourself," she commanded.
"Yes, Ma'am," Rod murmured as he drifted slowly down through the dreamy mood her hand on his cock induced and to the threshold of trance she had prepared him for. His eyelids drifted shut. She spoke to him softly, her lips next to his ear. She knew he was hearing her voice as if from a long way off. She asked him about his name, where he lived, his friends, his family, his job.... He answered automatically, without thinking. Eventually, using the information she gleaned, she began turning the questions around, twisting his answers into contradictions, confusing him, rendering the things he had told her meaningless. The facts of his life grew fuzzy and unimportant to him.
Making him forget the pretty little blonde fiancee was a little harder, but so satisfying. Interesting material in that relationship. Blondie apparently was sexually repressed and Rod was too nice to show how badly she frustrated him. The silly filly not only often refused him intercourse, she didn't even encourage Rod to go down on her, probably because she didn't want to have to return the favor. It had been weeks since she had let him have missionary sex. Very useful.
Eventually it was impossible for him to follow what she was doing in the hazy sensual fog with which she surrounded him, saturated him. Finally, she recalled him to consciousness. "You may open your eyes, rod." She made sure he heard in her tone her use of the lower case initial letter of his name, turning it into a diminutive.
His eyes fluttered open, as if he were reluctant to leave the pleasant daze. She gazed intently into his face from up close. Her perfume was a fragrant cloud around him, making his head swim. She had opened his robe, and unwrapped his towel, but he barely seemed to notice. He stirred slightly, trying to move. She knew he would feel light headed and leaden limbed.
"What happened, Ma'am," he asked. "And what IS your name? I can't just keep calling you 'Ma'am'."
"You may call me Sabah, for now, my pet" she replied. "What happened is what is still happening, what is going to happen, what I am going to do ... to you." She continued to caress his manhood, which was by now quite engorged and erect.
"Please, Sabah?" he asked, looking helpless and confused.
"Do you not even suspect, rod? You Americans have forgotten so much history and folklore. It makes you so vulnerable, such easy prey." She smiled triumphantly. Her teeth were very white, and her lips had become rosy and full. She saw he noticed the change. "The tea, of course, was drugged, my darling. Nothing strong, just some herbs to make you deliciously horny and rather sleepy. You really should not accept food or drink from strangers, you know."
He struggled to sit up, evidently finding it extraordinarily difficult. She placed a gentle restraining hand on his bare chest, easily pushing him back down. "Don't bother trying, love. You are too dizzy to move," she suggested. She began to play with his nipples. "And then I aroused you, as I am still doing. That makes it easy to cast my spell over you. You would say I hypnotized you."
"Hypnotized? But why?" Rod gasped.
"Why?" Sabah tossed her hair back. "Why does the parasitic wasp paralyze her larger prey? Because she does not want her victim to struggle while she feeds. I feed off the sexual energy of men who are careless enough to let me seduce them. Do you know what a succubus is?" She slipped off her robe, leaving only the black satin gown clinging to her lush body.
"Some kind of demon of lust?" Rod answered. She sensed him struggling to comprehend and resist what was happening. Such great strength of will, such steely character. His resistance excited her.
"That is medieval superstition," Sabah responded scornfully. "I am as natural a creature as you. According to your Professor Gould, our two kinds must even have had a common ancestor in the Neolithic. I could bear a child by you, if I chose to. But tonight we will merely have sex." She smiled wickedly. "That is how I feed, you know. I will arouse you to unbearable heights. Then I will take you and at your climax, drain from you the sexual energy that I need. Afterwards, if I let you leave here, you would not have noticed. You would have only a fuzzy memory of some amazing sex with a mysterious woman. Of course, you would be completely exhausted for a week or more, but eventually you would recover, none the wiser."
"Then why are you telling me this? What do you mean, 'if you let me leave'" Rod asked, suspiciously.
"Because I have decided NOT let you leave here, darling. When I pick up occasional men, I am forced to gorge myself, which leaves them useless to me for weeks, so I discard them. It is more healthful for me, however, and more pleasant for the man," she smiled seductively, "If I have a regular lover from whom I can take smaller amounts of sexual energy more frequently. Until he passed away, Charles was a wonderful slave who met my needs several times a week, several times daily, when he was younger, like you. Since then, I have not been able to feed nearly often enough. It is dangerous picking up strange men, you know. There are too many diseases out there now."
"Then, too, a strong man around a big house like this come in handy, you know," she added, running her fingers through his hair, almost tenderly. "I need a new slave and you'll be perfect."
"Slave?" Fear filled his eyes.
"Or lover," she reassured. Whatever you call it, all I have to do is take you to bed with me. I'll make you enjoy it so much that after a while, you will never want to leave. "Gladly you will become my devoted servant and passionate lover. You have what I need, and soon you will need what I have, what only I can give you, rod." She saw fear in his eyes, fear fighting with lust. She touched his cheek "Fear not, my sweet, I always make sure men enjoy serving and feeding me."
"Sabah!" he protested. "You can't do ... I won't ..."
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150-250 mill for weapon
50-150 mill per piece (for the rest)
Message me on Discord if you have an offer - I don't check forums that often
Price is negotiable depending on the piece and if you have more than one.
Discord: paulaswam#6601
Bought everything - Thanks everyone | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'af7cc22d4508280541dda1e7caedfe31a867dc0138ab2ebcdad2ff7e5cf50363'} |
\section{Condition for 3 Points in Plane to be Collinear}
Tags: Collinear Points
\begin{theorem}
Let $A = \tuple {x_1, y_1}, B = \tuple {x_2, y_2}, C = \tuple {x_3, y_3}$ be points in the Cartesian plane.
Then:
:$A$, $B$ and $C$ are collinear
{{iff}} the determinant:
:$\begin {vmatrix}
x_1 & y_1 & 1 \\
x_2 & y_2 & 1 \\
x_3 & y_3 & 1 \\
\end {vmatrix}$
equals zero.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
We have that:
:$A$, $B$ and $C$ are collinear
{{iff}}:
:the area of $\triangle ABC = 0$
{{iff}}:
:$\dfrac 1 2 \size {\paren {\begin {vmatrix} x_1 & y_1 & 1 \\ x_2 & y_2 & 1 \\ x_3 & y_3 & 1 \\ \end {vmatrix} } } = 0$ (from Area of Triangle in Determinant Form)
{{iff}}:
:$\begin {vmatrix} x_1 & y_1 & 1 \\ x_2 & y_2 & 1 \\ x_3 & y_3 & 1 \\ \end {vmatrix} = 0$
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '9a4a351153e17e0970778c9c3e7413c35d6af27e296fd62c6281cde501aea6ae'} |
Navy Stripes Watercolor Floral What's In Your Purse Game
ProductID : 38983
This What's In Your Purse game card features a gold frame over a navy horizontally striped background. Guests who like games are sure to love this baby shower what's in your purse game.
Fun to play "What's in your Purse" game: Place a check beside each item that you have in your purse. Add up your total points. The person with the most points wins.
Laser Printable: No Learn more ?
Inkjet Printable: No Learn more ?
Ships From: Minnesota
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\section{Deleted Integer Topology is First-Countable}
Tags: Deleted Integer Topology, First-Countable Spaces
\begin{theorem}
Let $S = \R_{\ge 0} \setminus \Z$.
Let $\tau$ be the deleted integer topology on $S$.
Then the topological space $T = \left({S, \tau}\right)$ is first-countable.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
From Deleted Integer Topology is Second-Countable, $T$ is second-countable.
The result follows from Second-Countable Space is First-Countable.
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '8dabef93110adace1f0b932ee4cf3cf3c93889d895272c8ad1721dea1e0a665c'} |
I call it the Iceberg Principle. In the same way that 90% of an iceberg lies beneath the surface, 90% of your effort in selecting a puppy should be devoted to the behind-the-scenes stuff: researching bloodlines and breeders, talking to other hunters and dog people, attending field trials and hunt tests, gathering as much information as you can from as many sources as you can. Your goal is to identify a specific breeding, and a specific litter of puppies, that’ll give you the best possible chance for getting the kind of dog you’re looking for.As the legendary Delmar Smith puts it, “Don’t pick the puppy—pick the puppy’s parents.” In other words, when you first lay eyes on a litter of puppies you should already have taken the necessary steps to ensure that one of the pups has your name on it. If you want to play it cool and make it a surprise to your kids, spouse or significant other that’s fine; it just means you’ll have to do your “homework” in secret.So let’s assume you’ve done all this, and that you’ve put a deposit down to reserve your pup. There’s still the question of which one to take home. Given that this pup will be your partner in the field and a companion to your family for the next 10-to-15 years, it’s a matter of some importance.Your first decision (which you’ll probably have to make when you reserve your pup) is whether you want a male or a female. Females tend to develop a little more quickly, but in terms of hunting ability, there’s ultimately no difference. Ditto with overall trainability and biddability (willingness to follow commands).My experience has been that females are as likely to be hard-headed as males are, and that males are typically every bit as affectionate as females are. Heat cycles can be a nuisance, but if you don’t intend to breed your female, spaying is a safe option. It won’t affect your dog’s performance and may decrease her risk of developing mammary tumors. Just don’t be in a rush to do it; ideally, you should wait until your dog’s completed at least one heat cycle and is more-or-less fully grown. The point being that you really can’t go wrong on this score. It’s entirely a matter of personal preference.It’s the same with color. Obviously this is a moot point with “self-colored” breeds, but if you have a choice—and, again, if you’ve picked the parents—it’s purely a matter of aesthetics. If you prefer a yellow Lab to a black one or a white-and-orange English setter to a tri-color, go for it.Assuming, that is, that by all appearances the pup is happy, outgoing, alert, inquisitive…for want of a better term, normal. I’d personally avoid a pup that’s significantly larger or smaller than its littermates (despite being a sucker for stories about the runt who defies the odds to become National Champion), and, in the same vein, I’d pass on any pup that seems extremely aggressive or unusually timid. Bullies and shrinking violets need not apply.Some pointing dog guys put tremendous stock in whether or not a puppy will sight-point a wing—they argue that it’s an indication of “birdiness” and precocity—while others will tell you it’s nothing but a parlor trick. Here’s where I stand: If I’ve singled out the pup I like, I’m not going to change my mind because he/she doesn’t point a wing. But if I’ve narrowed the field to two pups, one of which points a wing and one of which doesn’t, I’ll lean toward the wing-pointer.With the flushing/retrieving breeds, as nice as it is to toss a puppy-sized bumper (or even an old glove) and have one of the pups carry it back, the important thing at that age is simply that they want to chase it down and put it in their mouths. A pup that doesn’t appear interested in chasing a thrown object is a pup that you want to let someone else take home.Speaking of age, while seven weeks is often cited as the “ideal” age to bring a puppy home, this isn’t chiseled in stone. As long as the pup’s weaned and has enjoyed plenty of human contact, six weeks isn’t too young. And if circumstances are such that you can’t get your pup until its a few weeks older, don’t fret. Puppies are by their very nature flexible, adaptable critters, and if you give them what they need—food, shelter, lots of attention—they’ll bond to you faster than you can say Quit eating that!Indeed, the Brits, whose reputation for developing superb gun dogs is second-to-none, prefer to obtain their pups at around 10 weeks of age.All of this, of course, is intended as a general guideline. What often happens in the “real world,” especially if you’re in a position to make repeated visits to the breeder and interact with the pups as they grow and change, is that one of them picks you: eagerly making eye contact, all but climbing up your pants when you enter the puppy area, and leaving no doubt whatsoever that your choice, and your trust, will be repaid by a lifetime of devotion.If you find a puppy like this—or should I say, if a puppy like this finds you—count yourself fortunate. And write out the check as fast as you can.Story by Tom DavisPhoto Credit: Steven Arnold | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c3de29903f1f5b953f375189c35363fae80d249a53bd62fceb15a9ab6f4abb0a'} |
The Hitcher (2007) by The Critical Movie Critics
Movie Review: The Hitcher (2007)
I’m going to begin this review by saying I’m no fan of remakes. To often they reek of shit and mean people are out of fresh ideas. However, due to a boring Saturday night, I decided against my better judgement and sat to watch The Hitcher. I hate myself for it.
Let me first, get the good out of the way. Sophia Bush, who plays our heroine Grace, is easy on the eyes. I mentally undressed her half a dozen times during the movie and wished to see more of her during her shower scene. I’m going to start watching that shitfest “One Tree Hill” that she stars in, on a regular basis now. That’s about it — were you expecting more?
Now to the bad. Problem is, there is so much bad, that I don’t know where to begin! This plot is riddled with stupidity. I’ve never seen two people do the dumbest things. Instead of turning around after their first encounter with the psycho hitchhiker, they decide to continue on with their plans without first trying to find the authorities. After the ridiculous massacre at the police station, what good comes from running away? Surely they know it’s what the demented fucker wants! Why doesn’t Grace shoot the chains binding her boyfriend? And why doesn’t the cop at the end tell Grace the only way out of the paddy-wagon is if someone opens the door from the OUTSIDE — our serial killer friend can’t escape unless the door is opened for him! And trust me there are 726 more stupid fucking actions and scenes and dialogue that just make me want to grow hair on my bald head simply to rip it back out.
The Hitcher is utter shit. I am amazed that this movie has made any money at the box office. I can only imagine people are going to see this because they too were bored on a Saturday evening. I hope with all my heart the original movie wasn’t as bad as this because if it was there can be no justifiable reason to remake it. My guess is it is just as bad so I firmly believe the financiers of this film should be ripped in half by a semi-truck, just like that faggot boyfriend of Grace’s, Jim (Zachary Knighton) was. Avoid at all costs.
Critical Movie Critic Rating:
1 Star Rating: Stay Away
Movie Review: Smokin' Aces (2007)
Movie Review: Alpha Dog (2006)
The Critical Movie Critics
'Movie Review: The Hitcher (2007)' has 1 comment
1. The Critical Movie Critics
October 30, 2007 @ 2:38 am DeanM
I have seen both Hitchers. You can rest assured the original is nowhere near as bad as this. In fact, it is quite sublime in a early-1980s telemovie kind of way. Bear in mind that it was made in the same era as the V miniseries, and you get my full meaning.
It is worth pointing out, too, that the original kept the viewer in some doubt as to whether the hero was imagining being chased by this vile hitchhiker. One popular theory has it that the hitchhiker is real and trying to drive the hero bonkers to prove some kind of point. Either way, the original has more brainpower allocated to its deleted scenes than this piece of shit remake has in every cel that was shot for it. Five pieces of shit is not enough to describe how disappointing this remake is to those who have seen the original.
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Number Crunching Shows Old Movies Are More Creative Than New Ones
Still from the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde, considered a landmark film of the New Hollywood era. A new analysis suggests that this period coincided with a burst of novel elements in cinema.
Tell your film buff friends they’re right: the most creative period in cinema history was probably the 1960s. At least that’s the takeaway from a detailed data analysis of novel and unique elements in movies throughout much of the 20th century.
How do you objectively measure creativity in movies? Though there’s probably no perfect way, the recent research mined keywords generated by users of the website the Internet Movie Database (IMDb), which contains descriptions of more than 2 million films. When summarizing plots, people on the site are prompted to use keywords that have been used to describe previous movies, yielding tags that characterize particular genres (cult-film), locations (manhattan-new-york), or story elements (tied-to-a-chair).
Each keyword was given a score based on its rarity when compared to previous work. If some particular plot point – like, say, beautiful-woman – had appeared in many movies that preceded a particular film, it was given a low novelty value. But a new element – perhaps martial-arts, which appeared infrequently in films before the ’60s – was given a high novelty score when it first showed up. The scores ranged from zero to one, with the least novel being zero. Lining up the scores chronologically showed the evolution of film culture and plots over time. The results appeared Sept. 26 in Nature Scientific Reports.
The researcher behind the findings, physicist Sameet Sreenivasan of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York, was at first somewhat surprised at some of his results.
“You always hear about how the period from 1929 to 1950 was known as the Golden Age of Hollywood,” he said. “There were big movies with big movie stars. But if you look at novelty at that time, you see a downward trend.”
This result is likely familiar to any student of film history, who knows that this golden age also corresponded to a time when nearly all movies were produced and released by a handful of studios. The Big Five in particular reigned supreme through the practice of block booking. Studios produced several A-movies with big stars and high production values. But local theatres, which were monopolistically owned by the Big Five, were forced to also show the studio’s B-movies, often starring rising or fading actors and featuring formulaic plot lines.
When the studio system crumbled in the mid-50s, there was a burst of creativity. Audiences were introduced to independent films of the American New Wave genre — such as Bonnie and Clyde, released in 1967 — as well as European art house, French New Wave, spaghetti westerns, and Japanese cinema. The novel styles, plot lines, and film techniques create a noticeable uptick in Sreenivasan’s analysis.
Unsurprisingly, the research also suggests that unfamiliar combinations of themes or plots that haven’t been encountered before (something like sci-fi-western) often have the highest novelty scores.
“I think this reinforces this idea that novelty is often variations on a theme,” said Sreenivasan. “You use familiar elements broadly, and then combine them in novel ways.”
Sreenivasan’s analysis shows trends within particular genres as well. Action movies are essentially redefined in 1962 with the release of the first James Bond movie. Science-fiction films, on the other hand, show no similar creative uptick during the same period. According to the analysis, novelty in sci-fi has declined essentially since the genre first made it into movies. It’s possible that this has to do with early science-fiction films codifying the major tropes seen in these movies.
Another part of the analysis seem to correspond to theories put forth by social scientists about how much we enjoy novelty in creative works, said Sreenivasan. In general, humans enjoy new things. More specifically, there’s a tendency for people to look at and like things that are new but not too new.
“If it’s way out there, it’s hard to palate,” said Sreenivasan. “And if it’s too familiar, then it seems boring.”
A model known as the Wundt-Berlyne curve illustrates this result. The amount of pleasure someone derives from a creative piece goes up as its novelty increases. But at a certain point, there is a maximum of enjoyment. After that, something becomes too unfamiliar to stomach anymore.
Using the revenue generated by different films as a measure of its mass appeal, Sreenivasan found that more novel films sold more tickets until they reached a score of about 0.8. Afterwards, they appeared to decline in popularity and revenue.
“I thought overall this was quite an interesting study,” said mathematician and computer scientist Erez Lieberman Aiden of Baylor College of Medicine and Rice University, who helped develop Google’s Ngram Viewer.
Aiden added that he wondered if there was some bias in the way tags were applied to older movies. Modern day audiences might not notice certain subtleties or differences in movies from the ’30s, ’40s, and ’50s, perhaps making them appear more uniform in the final result. As well, cultural events at the time when a particular tag became heavily used could skew the results. People tagging movies shortly after 9/11 might be more inclined to use the word “terrorism,” for instance.
Even with these potential sources of bias, Aiden said the study was “a good starting point for thinking about this question in a quantitative way.” | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.968564510345459}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '105816', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NBCDIXHZLO6A3SFGVJIV3RYP3GVFAPEI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:05178c4e-af85-41f5-8cc0-51e648eabebe>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 4, 18, 3, 0, 27), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.6.17.133', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CW336BTY5DMQ6N4HOHRNQPIRDJY7457D', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:71d578ca-7702-4cc3-96bb-9376ce862f75>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.wired.com/2013/10/film-culturomics/all/1', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0fea7b2c-1a6d-4c7e-8bc0-307401622992>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '894', 'url': 'http://www.wired.com/2013/10/film-culturomics/all/1', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-15\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for April 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.01871025562286377', 'original_id': '908cd0d7524448036fe4b89929388fce985876dfab812458ac98c8f91c1bbd39'} |
11 November 2012
Nigeria: Flood - Hope, Succour for the Afflicted
Photo: Emmanuel Gbemudu/IRIN
Women with a dug-out canoe in front of their flooded homes in Toru-Orua in Sagbama.
An untimely humanitarian crisis has rocked the once peaceful riverine communities of Delta and Bayelsa and some other states of the nation.
The region has been quickly and unduly thrown into chaos within the last few weeks, as floods have ravaged the two states and displaced thousands of residents in the Niger Delta region.
A Non-Governmental Organisation, The Dickens Sanomi Foundation gave out a comprehensive funding package worth over N100 million to flood victims in Delta and Bayelsa State, as part of its intervention programme to mitigate the effects of the devastating flood on the people writes LANRE ALFRED.
Gently, she sobbed, clasping her hands. Cecilia Salome had found her hope. After few weeks of heart-rending flood that ravaged her community, help had come her way thanks to Dickens Sanomi Foundation. Until the latter's intervention, Cecilia and her children had abandoned all hope.
His tired gaze burned into some mythic distance. And his old eyelids blinked as if to shut out the past. But he couldn't. Vignettes of blood and hastily carved curses stole from his lips into the chilly air. The effect was awesome -spine-chilling to be precise. Bitterness bulged from convulsive theatres of blood that brutally marred his past, into the frosty blue of the night. "I lost all I have laboured for in life in just one day, it's really sad," lamented an old man who lost all his properties in the flood. The peasant farmer eventually got to shed tears of joy.
The package from Dickens Sanomi includes the establishment of eight camps, with functional bore-hole and toilets; evacuation of 12,300 trapped victims from nine local government areas of the two states; and provision of relief materials, such as food, bedding, clothing, toiletries and medicals, as well as security. Additionally, the medical aspect is incredibly vital in a situation like this, as it is crucial to curb the possibility of an epidemic as a result of the sick and wounded in the camps, and also, a break down of sewage systems because of the flood.
The profound work that the organisation is doing in the region cannot be overlooked and should be the impetus for other private organisations to assist in relieving the domino effect (i.e. displacement, injury, disease) of this crisis and the strain it places on the agencies like the Delta State Emergency Management Agency. Moreover, Mrs Akangbon Ebiere Tosan who is the Camp Commandant for Ughelli North and Patani Local Government Areas in Delta State described the donation as the single largest intervention by a private organisation.
"The foundation has shown a bona fide commitment to helping people who have been affected by this catastrophe," she said.
Chinwemma Okeke, a resident of Ogbia Local Government Area in Bayelsa state, gave an eyewitness account of the tumultuous scenes that ensued and indefinitely forced him to flee his home. He watched as the unrelenting flood devastated his only source of income, his farmland. His face appeared despondent. His hands moved back and forth across his head, you could not help but empathise with his calamitous predicament. "I feel hopeless, everything I've toiled and laboured for all these years is gone, just like that. As if life wasn't already tough enough, how am I to begin again?"
Additionally, he gave a very vivid account of life in the makeshift camp, which was set up as a relief for the displaced victims of the flood. Before the arrival of the altruistic Dickens Sanomi Foundation, the situation in the camp was, as he put it, "very bad and added to my worries." This was mainly due to the fact that he had to sleep on the floor, so that his wife and young child could sleep on the one mattress that was provided for them. Further still, he alluded to the fact that there was a slight rodent problem in the camp and that also the sight and sounds of the wounded made him feel very "sad and lost". One can only imagine the pain and suffering that had already encapsulated his life as a result of the devastation. Thus, it is understandable that the loss of his livelihood coupled with the conditions in in the camp did not alleviate the anxiety and trauma that he had already suffered as a result of this abysmal disaster.
When asked about what The Dickens Sanomi Foundation had done for him and his family Chinwemma's face lit up, a glimmer of joy in his eyes that hadn't been present until then. "I can now sleep at night, which I could not do before" he said. He emphasised the invaluable role that The Dickens Sanomi Foundation played in revamping the camp. "The room we are in did not have a door you know? So rats just used to come in and out. But then they brought us a door and even gave us a bed, so me and my family can now sleep and have some small peace. I am very grateful. God bless them".
The foundation's Bayelsa Team, led by Mr Micheal Onyenadjo commented on the details of the evacuation measures carried out. "In our operations, we provided four 500-seater engine boat and five 18-seater speed boats at the Arhavwrien waterside. For the first four days; these boats were used to evacuate Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) from all the riverine communities. We also engaged the services of Rukevwe Transport Company in Ughelli, which conveyed people from the waterside to Ewhu, Okwagbe, Ughelli and Warri; all at no cost to the people."
The boats have been crucial in terms of getting to areas that may not have been easily accessible to emergency services. This is because a lot of Bayelsa's communities are almost completely surrounded by water, hence making these communities inaccessible by road. This signifies the imperative nature and instrumental role the foundation has played in saving lives.
Achukwu Okafor, a fisherman from Ughelli North, Delta State explained his moving account of how he was rescued from the roof of his mud house. The house had almost been swept away. The saving grace came in the form of one of the many speedboats provided by the foundation. "I had given up, I was on that roof for a whole day, I had said my prayers and I was waiting to die. When I saw the boat I did not even believe it was real. They saved my life".
Ene Ilonzeh, a housewife from Ughelli South, also in Delta State, told us of how she searched tirelessly for her 4-year-old son until she found him outside their compound crying and shaking in the dirty water. The ferocity of the flood had overwhelmed the young child. When she found him, they forged through the watery mess to try and get to safety. "I carried him on my back and I had to move through the water to get to somewhere, anywhere that the water was not too high. The water was up to my waste at this point and it was getting higher". When asked what was going through her mind at that point, she replied, "I only wanted my son to be safe, which is all I wanted." Eventually they made it to a nearby tree till a passing engine boat that was provided by The Dickens Sanomi Foundation, spotted them and brought them to safety. "I don't know what would have happened to us, so many of my neighbours have died, people I know, I just thank God that they were there in our time of need," she said.
Ene also sustained a severe gash across her leg when she was wading through the water. "The water was filled with all sorts of things, sharp things from peoples houses. One of the things cut my leg, I didn't even see what it was, but I just had to keep going. Once we were taken to the camp they treated my leg. The doctor told me that it was infected because it had been exposed for hours and that if they had not come when they did I could have easily died." The life saving medical treatment was also provided by the foundation.
At Ewhu, the camp commandant and camping official in Ughelli South, Bishop Jonathan Arhewwrien, commended The Dickens Sanomi foundation, saying that the foundation has assisted the Ewhu camp with relief materials much more than the local, state and federal governments.
The foundation also provided relief materials such as mosquito nets, 5,000 blankets, 500 bags of beans, 50 cows, 20 generator sets, 1,000 bags of garri, 100 bags of onions as well other necessities. Ejem Nworie, a teacher from the Ovom area of Bayelsa state, told us how crucial it was to have mosquito nets at the camp as they breed in stagnant water. Therefore, flooding and heavy rains can lead to an increase in mosquitoes. "It was really bad, they were everywhere, I was being bitten left right and centre. They were having a field day with me," he said jokingly. "But on a serious note, my major concern was that I'd get malaria and I wouldn't be able to treat it. But once the foundation provided the nets it really reduced that chance drastically. It's a really good thing that they're doing for us. They've put the government to shame if you ask me."
The Bayelsa team leader Mr Michael Onyeadjo said, "After five days of intensive rescue operations, the foundations is pleased to inform you that it has successfully evacuated a total of 12,300 displaced children and adults, as recorded by our team, from eight kingdoms and 42 communities, while five camps have been set up."
Accordingly, a broken community has been given the faith and comfort they so desperately need during this difficult time. Through all the pain and suffering, the Christian maxim "Love thy Neighbour" is evidently not lost on their fellow countrymen. Their cries and anguish were heard and met with hope and security. Better still, a chance to rebuild their lives once the devastation subsides.
All in all this has been a story of hope; hope that was handed to the people of Bayelsa by The Dickens Sanomi Foundation and hope that the example shown by the foundation will inspire more privileged Nigerians to follow suit and push the government into being more hands on in the event that a disaster of this scale ever occurred again.
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Lazar Critique
by Dr. David L. Morgan
In 1996, I was asked to review the content of? a Bob Lazar website by an online acquaintance. Since then, my critique has been posted to Usenet discussion boards, featured on web pages, and taken on something of a life of its own. I still get email about it monthly, which is quite amusing, considering it's been almost 5 years since I wrote it. Since the original posting was intended to be an informal email, the tone was somewhat harsh and flippant, and some sections were a bit too dismissive. I decided recently that I would try to put together a? revision of the now-infamous paper. That revision is presented below.
After reading an account by Bob Lazar of the "physics" of his Area 51 UFO propulsion system, my conclusion is this: Mr. Lazar presents a scenario which, if it is correct, violates a whole handful of currently accepted physical theories. That in and of itself does not necessarily mean that his scenario is impossible. But the presentation of the scenario by Lazar is troubling from a scientific standpoint.? Mr. Lazar on many occasions demonstrates an obvious lack of understanding of current physical theories. On no occasion does he acknowledge that his scenario violates physical laws as we understand them, and on no occasion does he offer up any hints of new theories which would make his mechanism possible. Mr. Lazar has a propensity for re-defining scientific terms, and using scientific language in a confusing and careless way. For these reasons, I don't feel that Lazar's pseudo-scientific ramblings are really worthy of any kind of serious consideration.
I will focus on the parts of Lazar's text which I took the most exception with- most of these excerpts relate to particle physics, which is my field. Lazar's text is in yellow. He begins by describing the principle behind interstellar travel...
This is accomplished by generating an intense gravitational field and using that field to distort space/time, bringing the destination to the source, and allowing you to cross many light years of space in little time and without traveling in a linear mode near the speed of light.
I'm less bothered by the wording of this passage now than I used to be, although I still think it's misleading. If you are distorting spacetime with a gravitational field, it produces a very specific kind of distortion, and a very specific kind of attraction. That's what gravity IS - a distortion in spacetime, at least according to general relativity. And gravity attracts EVERYTHING. A gravitational field is a gravitational can't pick and choose which objects it has an effect on. So, going by what Lazar says here, I still say that if you were to generate a gravitational field intense enough to warp spacetime and "bring the destination to the source" you'll also bring everything else in the nearby universe to the source too! If Mr. Lazar had really distorted spacetime like this back in his "Area 51" lab, every object on the face of the Earth would have rushed into New Mexico. Before they crashed back in the 50's, the alien saucers would have sucked the Earth right out of orbit!
Now I'm no expert in general relativity, but I believe that there ARE solutions in GR which do involve distortions of spacetime that are not "gravitational" in nature. (In other words they would not "attract" things outside of the distortion.) There are serious scientists that do serious work on wormholes and warp bubbles and other mechanisms which could allow faster-than-light travel by taking advantage of distortions in spacetime. As this research stands right now, it seems clear that the energy requirements which would be required by this kind of travel are unimaginable by any standards - even the most fanciful extrapolations of alien technology. I'm talking about an entire star's-worth or even a galaxy's-worth of energy! More mass/energy than could be contained in a tiny saucer, or even all of New Mexico for that matter.
There are currently two main theories about gravity. The "wave" theory which states that gravity is a wave, and the other is a theory which includes "gravitons", which are alleged sub-atomic particles which perform as gravity, which by the way, is total nonsense.
These statements by Lazar are "total nonsense". There is only ONE currently accepted theory of gravity: General Relativity. In GR, gravity is described as a distortion of spacetime, not as a particle or a wave. There are phenomena known as "gravitational waves" which exist in GR, but this does not seem to be what Lazar is talking about. Lazar says that gravity IS a wave. It isn't a wave. The "gravitons" which he speaks of are a feature of QUANTUM gravitational theories, and I think they require a little explanation.
All physicists realize that the theories of QM and GR are incomplete, because they are mutually incompatible. In order to have a complete theory, theoretical physicists are looking to combine the two into a unified theory which will involve a quantum theory of gravity. There are currently no quantum theories of gravity that work.? But even though a satisfactory theory does not yet exist, there is nothing at all nonsensical about gravitons. When an adequate quantum theory of gravity IS formulated, the energy of the gravitational field will be quantized. This quantum of the gravitational field is what physicists call the graviton. It is no more nonsensical than the photon - which is the quantum of the electromagnetic field.
(To add to the confusion of Lazar's statement, in any quantum theory of gravity, as in all quantum theories, the graviton will be, in a sense, BOTH a particle AND a wave!)
The fact that gravity is a wave has caused mainstream scientists to surmise numerous sub-atomic particles which don't actually exist and this has caused great complexity and confusion in the study of particle physics.
As a particle physicist, I must say that I have NO IDEA what he is talking about here. Surmising particles that don't exist? I can't think of a single particle whose existence has been postulated as a result of gravitational theories. Perhaps the graviton is one, but that's about it.
You must have at least an atom of substance for it to be considered "matter". At least a proton and an electron and in most cases a neutron. Anything short of an atom such as upquarks and downquarks which make up protons and neutrons; or protons, neutrons, or electrons, individually are considered to be mass and do not constitute "matter" until they form an atom.
These are peculiar and nonstandard definitions. The standard use of the term "matter" includes anything which has mass. Even a single quark is considered to be a particle of matter. If a quark isn't "matter" than what is it? All elementary particles are either matter particles or force-carrying particles. An electron is a mater particle, and so is a quark.
It may seem like a small point, but I think that errors like these are what? make Lazar's "theory" so dubious. How can we give much consideration to someone who claims to be overthrowing the foundations of particle physics, when it's fairly obvious that? he isn't even familiar with the terminology?
Gravity A is what is currently being labeled as the "strong nuclear force" in mainstream physics ...
This is the place where Lazar begins to get him self in real trouble. As it is understood now, the strong nuclear force has NOTHING TO DO WITH GRAVITY. Such a statement shows either a complete lack of understanding of the physics of the Standard Model of particle interactions, or a BLATANT attempt at deception. The equations and coupling strengths which describe the two forces are totally different and unrelated. The strong force couples only to quarks and gluons. The gravitational force couples to all particles with mass. The strong force is extremely short range. The range of gravity is infinite. The gravitational coupling constant is orders of magnitude smaller than that of the strong interaction. There is NO BASIS for using the word "gravity" to describe the strong interaction IN ANY WAY.
If Mr. Lazar has formulated a NEW model in which the two forces are really the same, then he has unified gravity with the other three forces of nature, and he should publish it now and collect his Nobel Prize. If he DOES NOT have such a new theory then his statement here is ABSOLUTELY FALSE.
It's not good enough to just call the strong interaction "gravity A wave". You've got to demonstrate that it actually has SOMETHING to do with gravity if you're going to attach that name to it! The words by themselves are meaningless. I want to see some equations. Otherwise, this statement is not only wrong, but utterly incomprehensible. should be obvious that a large, single star system, binary star system, or multiple star system would have had more of the prerequisite mass and electromagnetic energy present during their creations.
Now we get into some fuzzy astronomy.? Mr. Lazar doesn't seem to understand where heavy elements come from, or how they are formed.
First we have to assume that when Lazar says "large" he means "massive." The "largeness" of a star says nothing about its mass. In five or ten billion years, the sun will be as large as the orbit of Mars. A star's size changes drastically during its lifetime. It's pretty clear that what Lazar should be talking about here is the MASS of the star.
The next section is a little vague, but he SEEMS to be suggesting that his element 115, the alien fuel source, which doesn't exist on the Earth, should be present in those solar systems that were more massive at their inception. The implication here is that a star system which condensed out of a more massive primordial cloud should have a greater abundance of heavier elements. This is quite incorrect.
Heavy elements - all elements heavier than iron - are not formed during the normal life cycles of stars. The only time when these nuclei are "cooked" is during the collapse and subsequent explosion of supernovae. The supernova explosion then spreads heavy elements throughout the galaxy. For this reason, the abundances of heavy elements in any particular star system depend NOT upon the properties of the current star, but on the properties of the nearby stars of the PREVIOUS GENERATION! Therefore, all of the star systems in a particular region of the galaxy will have essentially the same abundances of heavy elements, regardless of the mass of star. If element 115 is STABLE, as Lazar claims it to be, then it should be created in supernova explosions and it should exist EVERYWHERE!
The most important attribute of these heavier, stable elements is that the gravity A wave is so abundant that it actually extends past the perimeter of the atom. These heavier, stable elements literally have their own gravity A field around them...
Since Mr. Lazar has already identified this gravity A wave with the nuclear force, he is essentially claiming that the nuclear force of element 115 extends beyond the limits of the "115-ium" atom. (I'm tempted to call it Lazarium...and somewhat surprised that he doesn't!!) This is simply not possible, given the known properties of the nuclear force. The past 50 years of probing the nucleus have taught us that the range of the nuclear force is VERY short, and protons and neutrons only feel the pull of their nearest neighbors in a nucleus. Because of this fact, the nuclear force extends out to about the same distance away from a nucleus NO MATTER HOW MASSIVE THE NUCLEUS IS. This fact is fundamental to the science of nuclear physics.
Once again, if Mr. Lazar has a NEW MODEL of the nuclear interaction which explains the properties and decay rates of known nuclei...which can predict the abundances of elements synthesized in the Big Bang...which can describe all of the properties of nuclear reactions which take place inside of stars...all as well as our current theories do all of these things (which is VERY well!) then he should publish it and collect his Nobel Prize. If not, then once again his statements make NO SENSE in the light of everything that we know about nuclear interactions.
Now even though the distance that the gravity A wave extends past the perimeter of the atom is infinitesimal, it is accessible and it has amplitude, wavelength and frequency, just like any OTHER wave in the electromagnetic spectrum. Once you can access the gravity A wave, you can amplify it just like we amplify OTHER electromagnetic waves.
I have emphasized the use of the word "other" in this paragraph to show that Mr. Lazar apparently thinks that his "gravity A wave", which if you recall, is also the strong nuclear force, is ALSO an electromagnetic wave. Perhaps he HAS formulated a "Grand Unified Theory" after all! Or perhaps this is just another example of his careless use of scientific terms.
I want to take some time here to talk about scientific progress, because there is one common objection to my critique of Lazar's scenario. People will often say "Modern science could be wrong. Newton was wrong! Lazar could be right!" Yes. That is correct. In fact, modern science almost certainly IS "wrong." But the only real test of a theory in science is that it works. Newton's Laws worked. They still do in most situations. Einstein's theories are better - they are more accurate and they work in more situations. New theories will continue to come along that are more precise and more generally applicable than the older theories, and these new theories will be tested by experiments until they supplant the old ones. That is how science has progressed for the past 400 years.
So it is not enough to SAY? that modern science is wrong. You have to demonstrate that you have something that is better. And that "better" theory needs to do everything that the old theory does, and then do more. And chances are that it won't completely turn the old theory on it's head - because we already know that the old theories work too well. It is not possible to create a new theory until you understand the old one well enough to present a coherent alternative. Calling current science "total nonsense" is nice rhetoric, and no doubt convincing to many non-scientists who feel alienated from science and look on scientists as a kind of modern priesthood of arcane knowledge. But science is a process - not a body of knowledge.
I can't possibly demonstrate conclusively that Lazar's mechanism is impossible. All that I can hope to demonstrate here is that his scenario would require a COMPLETE overhaul of our theories of gravity and particle physics in order to work. Not just some minor changes...I'm talking from the ground up. Mr. Lazar makes no mention of this fact, and he proposes no alternative theories. But, if Lazar's scenario is true, then we will NEED some new theories, because we are wrong about a great many things. We don't understand gravity. We don't understand nuclear interactions. We don't understand spacetime. We don't understand stellar evolution. However, considering Mr. Lazar's careless use of language, his casual redefinition of scientific terms, and the complete lack of details in his presentation, I'm willing to bet the farm that it is actually Lazar who doesn't understand any of these things.
But wait.....There's an addendum!!
Lazar explains on his current webpage ( how his element 115 not only serves as the generator of the Gravity A wave, but ALSO as the fuel for a matter/antimatter reactor that powers the rest of the saucer. Let's take a close look at Lazar's explanation of this reactor...
"The power source is a reactor. Inside the reactor, element 115 is bombarded with a proton, which plugs into the nucleus of the 115 atom and becomes element 116, which immediately decays and releases or radiates small amounts of anti-matter. The anti-matter is released in a vacuum into a tuned tube, which keeps it from reacting with the matter that surrounds it. It is then directed toward the gaseous matter target at the end of the tube. The matter, which in this case is the gas, and the anti-matter, collide and annihilate totally converting to energy. The heat from this reaction is converted into electrical energy in a near one hundred percent efficient thermoelectric generator."
Lots of impressive sounding stuff about reactors and bombarding with protons and all that. But read it again. Antimatter and matter are converted into energy. Fine. But where does the antimatter come from? From element 115 when it is "bombarded with a proton" by the ship's reactor.? Hmmm. And just exactly HOW MUCH energy would your reactor have to put into each proton to have it create an antiproton?? Well, exactly the mass energy of an antiproton! And how much energy do you get back out when the antiproton annihilates? EXACTLY THE SAME AMOUNT OF ENERGY THAT YOU PUT INTO CREATING IT!!
(Actually, you can't just make an antiproton by itself, you have to make a proton/anti-proton pair. So your reactor needs to put in 2 "protons-worth" of mass-energy into each proton in the beam.)
If you have to MAKE your own antimatter on board, your system produces NO NET ENERGY AT ALL!! You put 2 protons worth of energy in, and you get 2 protons worth of energy out! In fact, the BEST this system could do would be to make ZERO energy, but in fact, it would more likely USE far more energy than it would make.
Conservation of energy rears it's ugly head, and once again - it looks like Bob's saucer is going nowhere fast!
Dr. David L. Morgan
August 26, 1996, revised October 2005
Back to The Bob Lazar Corner
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Frequently Asked Questions
FAQ's about celebrity names, domain registration in general, and what I am doing
If you have a question that isn't here, just ask.
Celebrity Names
What's so special about registration of celebrity names?
Celebrity websites, official or fan sites, are a very popular thing on the internet, and when someone wants to find out a little about a celebrity, it's very common to try theirname.com to see if there is a site there. A few years ago that worked nice. If there was a site, you got it, otherwise you got something like "page not found". For this reason, some people, cybersquatters, decided to register names that were still available and put advertising or adult content on them or maybe sell them. They actually made money doing this, so more people started doing it. Now if a famous name isn't registered by someone yet, they're probably not that famous, especially if it's a female celebrity.
Is registration of celebrity names the same with male and female celebrities?
No. Female celebrity names registered for money are probably 10 times as popular, and much more likely to be used for a site that can be harmful or degrading to the celebrity.
Why don't the celebrities register the names themselves?
Legally a registrant must be 18, so the younger stars would have to have a parent or their agent register it. Also, many celebrities are too busy with acting to get into the internet, so they don't care about owning their name and don't realise what kind of content someone else could put up. Some think they can just register it whenever they decide to. Many of them have no idea how important it is to protect their name.
What is cybersquatting?
Good question, several variations of answers, but in simple terms, it's when someone registers a domain which is the same as any business, product, or famous person, for the purpose of making money from it.
get some definitions
Why do cybersquatters register celebrity names?
Easy money. Pay $10/year for a domain, put advertising on it, and there's almost always profit. Sometimes they sell it to the celebrity or agent, or just a serious fan, for 3 digits or more.
Is cybersquatting illegal?
Sort of. The United States does have a federal law known as the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, but it has been around for a while and doesn't stop the cybersquatters. I don't know about the laws in other countries. Most .com domain disputes are taken to Icann.
(ICANN Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy)
Domain Registration
Don't famous people have the right to own their name in .com?
Yes and no. They have the right to own their name, but unless it's a registered trademark, anyone else can own it too. Sometimes there are other people with the same name who are not famous who decide to register it. As a general rule, as long as the domain isn't being used for cybersquatting or for a site that can be harmful or derogatory to the celebrity, there is very little they can do if they want it.
What can a celebrity do if their name is used for cybersquatting or for a damaging or derogatory site?
- They can ask the owner to give it to them. (almost never works)
- They can offer to buy the domain. (probably expensive)
- They can take the owner to court. (very time consuming and costly - court & legal costs, and time off work)
- *They can go to an Icann Approved Dispute-Resolution Service Provider. (designed for this problem)
- They can hope the owner decides to let it go later. (may never happen and doesn't fix current problem)
- They can just ignore it and hope most who visit the site realise it has nothing to do with them. (That's what most end up doing)
Eventually everyone will know that going to somename.com doesn't guarantee finding what they want, but there will always be people trying it.
*Under this policy, a celebrity can get their .com, but must prove 3 things:
• The domain name registered by the domain name registrant is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark in which the complainant has rights;
• The domain name registrant has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain name in question and
The cost to claim your domain through dispute resolution is $1500 and up.
If your domain name is currently in the hands of a cybersquatter, and you want help recovering it, email me. I can help you figure out the best way to get it and can be your intermediary if you wish.
What I do and why
Why do I register some names in .com?
Simple, to cut down on the amount of garbage people find when typing in somename.com, and to make sure the celebrity can have their name if they decide later they want it.
If you are a celebrity and I have yourname.com and you want it, just email me and you can have it, free. The only requirement I would have is to have a way of being certain you are that person.
Why don't I just leave the name unregistered for the celebrity to register later?
Did you read the previous questions?
Did you check out the Abused Names?
If I don't register it, someone else will. Some will register a name to give that celebrity, but most want to make money with it.
Now, some of you will be thinking: "So what, celebrities make good money. What's wrong with getting some of it?"
Acting is probably the occupation with the widest range of pay rates. Some of the most famous might make more in a day than most of us make in a year, but most of the not so famous ones do occasional acting on the side while working another job to pay their bills.
Why do I only register female celebrity names?
They are the ones that get used for adult content and are 10 times as popular when it comes to cybersquatting. Male celebrities tend to register their own names much more often too. I have registered 2 male names and made contact with both. They both said they didn't want it and weren't worried about it, so I let them both go. Male celebrities just don't have the potential problem that female celebrities do when it comes to their name.
What do I do with the names I register?
First, I try to contact that person, or an agent, and explain to them why I registered it and ask them what they would like to do. If they want it, they can do whatever they want with it. I have contacted a few of them, but due to the difficulty in finding contact data, expecially for the less popular ones, I can't find any way to contact them, so I just wait for them to contact me if they want their domain. Most of the ones I have contacted leave the domain registered with my business (Premier Website Solutions) and use our privacy option. They own the domain but do not have to make their contact info public. Some have chosen to use our hosting services to have their own website, others have it redirected to another site, and some don't want it and tell me I can do whatever I want with it. Until I get in contact with the celebrity or hear from them or someone on behalf of them, I put up a simple parked page and when I get time I make it a simple 1 page site, then later I gradually add more as time permits.
See exactly what names I have registered and what I do with them at the Protected Names page.
What is my "deal" with the ones who do want their name?
There is no "deal". If I have a name registered and that person wants it, they can have it, no strings attached, no cost, no requirements, other than for their safety. To give a domain to the proper owner, I need to make sure they are who they say they are. If they leave it registered with us, proof isn't as important because if it's an imposter and they put up a site that shouldn't be there, I can just take control back, but if they want to transfer the domain away from our services, I have to be certain who they are. Other than that they are free to use or not use any of our services. If they leave it registered with us, we can make them the legal owner without making their contact info public with our privacy option (free). They can also use our hosting services if they wish, or get hosting elsewhere, or choose to have us put up a parked page or even have us put a site together for them. We even give them special deals. ;-)
When did I start doing this?
October 30, 2000 - 2 years before making the internet my business
I started my first website a year earlier, a celebrity website, because I wanted to put up a site about Kim Richards but there was so little about her I decided to go with a general celebrity site. On Oct 30, 2000 I registered kimrichards.net. Kimrichards.com was taken and at that time it went to a celebrity site that was adult oriented. Over the next couple years I found many other names going to sites that I'm sure that person wouldn't approve of, so I registered a couple others as a fan. 2 years after starting my business I made the decision to start protecting more names. That's when the number of names I had registered started to grow. I still have a lot less than many cybersquatters do because most names are already registered and I can't afford to register every name, but I will continue registering names until the system makes it easy for a celebrity to get their name when they want it.
Have I ever made any money off any of these names?
Nope. Never. Not even a penny. Sure, some of the names link to my hosting business, but I have never had a new customer come to me due to those links. As of March 8, 2008, I decided to put affiliate links to related products on some of the sites to bring in a bit of money, but not for profit. I figure if I can cover some of the domain registration costs, I will be able to afford to register more names. So far every person I made contact with was thankful for what I'm doing, so I'm sure others would appreciate it if I kept their name from falling into the wrong hands. I can't afford to register too many names out of my own pocket, so if I can bring in a few dollars from some of them, it'll help protect more of them. Every $ brought in from affiliate ads will go towards the costs involved so I can register more domains to protect.
How many names do I plan to register?
No idea. I'd like to register every female celebrity name that isn't registered yet, even the male ones, but even a winning lottery ticket won't cover that. LOL For now I'll just add a select few now and then when I find them and can afford them. If you like what I do and would like to help, or if you know of a celebrity name that isn't registered yet, please contact me.
For Celebrities
How can I contact you?
The best way to contact me is email, but you can also contact me in other ways through my business site, premierwebsitesolutions.ca.
Should I be worried or afraid to contact you?
Back in 2007 one of the few celebrities who did contact me actually told me she wanted to do so for a couple years, but she was afraid to. She figured I had to be either a cybersquatter or a stalker. After renewing her .com twice, she decided she had no choice but to contact me, so she had someone contact me on her behalf. I could tell by the email that they were worried. They had read this website and still couldn't believe there wasn't a motive behind this. After a couple emails the domain was hers and she realised she waited 2 years for nothing. She's now using my private registration and hosting.
I don't know what else to say, other than, if you can't believe what I'm doing is for you, contact one of the celebrities who have claimed their domain and ask them. A few of them wished they didn't hold off. If you want your domain, claim it now.
If I contact you, are you going to give my contact info to others or make it public?
NO. I have now been contacted by several celebrities and have never given any of their contact info out to anyone or in any form. I understand the need for privacy. By providing us with entertainment, you give up much of your personal life and you deserve to have some personal life.
My name isn't registered in .com yet. Should I contact you?
That's up to you, but you should register your name before someone else does. If you want to register it through me, (through my business), contact me. I can give you free whois privacy, guarantee that you will never lose the domain, and give you rock bottom pricing on the domain and even hosting and design if you want.
If I deal with you, what are all the possible costs involved?
Domain registration and renewal is approx $10/y, my cost.
Website hosting, if you use my services, is free for 500MB of space and 20GB monthly transfer. If you need more, you get 50% off our normal prices.
I can offer website design at 1/2 or our normal cost, or sometimes free for fairly simple sites done in my spare time. This can help less popular celebrities become more popular.
There are no surprise or hidden costs.
My name isn't registered in .com yet and I don't want it. Can't I just leave it?
You don't have to register your name, BUT, someday someone will register it and what they do with it will be up to them. If they do anything that can harm them, you can fight it, but that is very time consuming and can be costly. For $10/y you should just register your name and not use it. A domain doesn't have to have a website.
My name is registered in .com by someone else and they won't give it to me, or they want a high price for it. What should I do?
Contact me
I will look into it and let you know what your options are.
more coming later | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '18', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.975925087928772}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '23046', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:RUV2JTDZCTZQKJYD4YI4GJOXRADSJ7HP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2b0646a9-6a90-4e7e-a88b-637d3cdc62a4>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 21, 19, 1, 36), 'WARC-IP-Address': '107.161.127.2', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:A426JU6IVFKJOJ6LFSJGGP6LET73GRHM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4186eeb3-aade-49aa-a646-1c9122b45341>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://celebritynames.ws/faq.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b50198f6-54d2-4976-a76c-263e8936311f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2491', 'url': 'http://celebritynames.ws/faq.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-228-195-45.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.3236631751060486', 'original_id': '39235d33c80aa3fd2fc53ebd68dfed649326ed0bd37ce4b8546abe4306fe9527'} |
Main Single Power Superheroes Discussion
Collapse/Expand Topics
07:22:30 AM Mar 8th 2013
So I yanked The Flash example because he really has a bunch of powers. Unless you count "Speed Force" as one power.
Required Secondary Powers aside, he has superspeed, the ability to vibrate through things, infinite mass punch, and the ability to steal speed. They're all related to speed, sure, but they're clearly separate powers.
I would've just pulled it altogether but then I saw that he was listed in the description as an example, which seems awkward.
08:24:28 AM Mar 8th 2013
The vibrations and infinite mass punch aren't separate powers, they're just different applications of the same power of superspeed. It's like saying that being able to punch and being able to grasp are two separate powers in addition to the power of having hands.
10:32:45 AM Mar 8th 2013
Infinite Mass punch I admit you're right, that's just an extension of moving fast. But vibrating through things is... questionable. No matter how fast something goes, it's logically not going to be able to phase through something without additional abilities.
But even so, stealing speed is still another power. As is his occasionally used ability to use the Speed Force to make objects.
02:57:20 PM Mar 9th 2013
... also, Static is listed both in this description and as an example in Combo Platter Powers. I don't know the character so I can't make the call.
04:17:38 AM May 20th 2010
It seems to me that if somebody is going to make every other cut entry involve "No YKTTW" that when there is a YKTTW, they should care to check it out.
Launch completed. Indexed. Advising possible future of splitting by Marvel-DC-Other.
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Art History Courses
AH 109 Art History or Histories? One unit. This course introduces students to the major periods, issues, and methodologies in the field of art history. While learning to analyze visually works of sculpture, painting, and architecture, students will also examine the changing functions of artworks, and the changing role of the artist throughout selected periods in history. Stylistic development will be explored in relation to the social, cultural, and political contexts in which the works were created. Topics include: art and archaeology; art and propaganda; art and its public; who decides? and problems in non-Western art. The course includes individual and group museum visits. Offered fall or spring semester.
AH 112 Art of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. One unit. This course investigates selected issues in European Art from the eighteenth century to the contemporary period, Works of art are placed in the context of social, political, cultural, and philosophical developments, with a special emphasis on understanding the relation between artistic movements and historical changes. Specific issues and topics to be explored include: art as political propaganda; landscapes and nationalism; the rise of abstraction; the influence of “exotic” or foreign cultures on the development of modern styles; art in the Machine Age; art and the rise of mass culture, as well as many other topics. Periods and styles to be explored include Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Symbolism, Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, and others. Offered fall semester.
AH 118 Introduction to Art History: The Ancient World from a Global Perspective (I). One unit. This course is designed to introduce students to the diverse variety of ancient material culture around the world. We will examine the artifacts, architecture, and art of ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Aegean, Mesoamerica, Africa, India, China and Far East Asia, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, and the Islamic world. The lectures will follow a geographical and chronological framework, examining each culture from the early formative periods (third millennium BC), through classical antiquity (Greece and Rome included), up through the medieval periods. Throughout the course we will move from one region to another, and back again, comparatively analyzing cultures as they develop and come into contact with one another. The goal of the course is to leave the students with a basic knowledge of ancient and non-western civilizations, as well as the ability to compare the ancients’ use of visual expression to our modern concepts of art and architecture, and an introductory knowledge of art historical and archaeological methodologies. This course will consist of class lectures, visits to various museum collections, and class discussion. This course meets the College requirements for an International Perspectives Requirement.
AH 211: Renaissance and Baroque. One unit. This course explores the painting, sculpture and architecture of the 13th-16th centuries in Europe. Works of art are set into their religious, political, social and aesthetic context. The early weeks of the course focus heavily on Florence, but we also explore the art of the Renaissance in the North. The second part of the course looks at Baroque art in Italy, Spain, Flanders, and Holland. Throughout issues of patronage, iconography, artistic identity and the developments of new functions for works of art are examined. Artists studied include Giotto, Donatello, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Brunelleschi, Rubens, Velazquez, Bernini and Carravaggio.
AH 212 Ritual, Religion, and Rulers: Art from Prehistory to the Middle Ages. One unit. This course explores art in a variety of media, from cave painting, to masks, to Gothic cathedrals. Works are examined in relation to the religious beliefs and political structures of various Western and non-Western cultures. Sanctuaries, idols, representations of numerous deities, ruler portraits, temples, mosques, and cathedrals are visually analyzed and interpreted. Topics include: Egyptian art and the afterlife; African art and ritual; the palaces of ancient Crete; and the development of Christian iconography from Roman times to the Gothic period. Visits to museums and to the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. Offered spring semester.
AH 215 American Art History. One unit. What does it mean to be an American artist? This course introduces students to the study of American art, from its origins until the present day including painting, sculpture, architecture, and photography. Selected topics and artists are explored in relation to the changing aesthetic, political, and cultural climate of the United States. Topics to be examined include: the rise of landscape painting and the notion of America as the New Eden; the question of national identity and connections with European art; the portrayal of African-Americans and Native-Americans in American art; the relation between “high” and “low” American culture; women artists in the United States; the impact of the Cold War and the flight to suburbia on artistic identity and production. Offered fall or spring semester.
AH 217 Medieval Art. One unit. The art of the middle ages continues to enchant, inspire and move us. This course examines the full range of artistic production in the medieval period, from the fall of the Roman Empire, to the to the high Gothic period. We attempt to get a better understanding of what life was like in Middle Ages by studying the architecture, sculpture, stained glass, manuscripts, paintings, tapestries, reliquaries, and icons produced during the era. We range from the British Isles and central Europe to the eastern reaches of the Byzantine Empire and growing Muslim territories, and look at early Christian, barbarian, Byzantine, Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesque, and Gothic periods. Works of art are examined against the social, political, and economic events of the time, from the founding of monasteries, to the Crusades, to the rise of chivalry and world, from nineteenth century paintings to recent films. Offered as required.
AH 326 Cities and Perversities: Art in Turn-of-the-Century Paris, Vienna, Berlin, and Barcelona. (I) One unit. This course focuses on art in the fin-de-siècle in four major cosmopolitan centers: Paris, Vienna, Berlin, and Barcelona, with occasional stops in Belgium, Norway, and England. Styles discussed include Expressionism, Symbolism, Post-Impressionism, Art Nouveau, and Jugendstil. The art of the period is explored in relation to issues of national identity c. 1900 and as a response to the shock of metropolitan life, a phenomenon experienced by artists in all four cities. These issues include attitudes toward sexuality, the rise of the crowd, alienation, the impact of psychoanalysis, escapism, and the withdrawal to the interior. We will also study the interrelation between paintings, sculpture, architecture, design, and the popular arts in this period. The course attempts to understand better the shared visual language of turn-of-the-century Europe, while illuminating the special contributions and characteristics of the art of each city. Offered as required.
AH 219 Egyptian Art and Architecture (I). One unit. Ancient Egypt is unique among ancient world civilizations; it contributed seminally to artistic expression in both the western and nonwestern worlds. This course examines the birth and development of ancient Egyptian culture by examining major monuments of architecture, sculpture, and painting from the Predynastic Period through the New Kingdom. It places the development of the powerful and sometimes enigmatic forms of Egyptian art in the context of the culture that created them, considering such factors as religion, politics, and philosophy. Students will engage the material through lectures, reading material, writing assignments, and museum trips. This course meets the College requirements for an International Perspectives Requirement.
AH 220 Islamic Art and Architecture (I). One unit. Islamic Art and Architecture is a field of study holding special relevance in today’s world. This course will cover the different periods of origin, early development and imperial climax of Islamic material culture through the Ottoman Empire (650-1800). The development of the visual world and material culture of Islam will be emphasized to the end that students will gain an understanding they can use to decipher the meanings and concepts inherent in that culture today. Various major regions of the ancient Islamic world will be covered: Central Asia, Iran, Iraq, Anatolia, Syria-Palestine, Egypt, North Africa (Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco), and Spain. Major monuments of Islamic architecture, sculpture, and painting will be explored as will the development of the powerful and sometimes enigmatic concepts of Islamic art within the context of the culture that created them, considering such factors as religion, politics, and philosophy. This course meets the College requirements for an International Perspectives Requirement.
AH 222 Ancient Mediterranean Art and Architecture (I). One unit. Modern day Greece is often cited as the birthplace of western civilization and religion. In this course we will examine this concept while surveying the art and architecture of the Bronze Age Aegean and Classical Greek civilizations. Students will learn about the material cultures of these civilizations through examinations of ceramics, sculpture, painting, and architecture. Minoan and Mycenaean palaces, Greek temples, bronze and marble sculptures of heroes, deities, and philosophers are but a few of the agencies of monumental expression covered in this course. This survey will touch upon issues relevant to the disciplines of Art History, Archaeology, History, Literature, and Religion. Students will engage the material through lectures, reading material, writing assignments, and museum trips. This course meets the College requirements for an International Perspectives Requirement.
AH 223 Ancient Near Eastern Art and Architecture (I). One unit. This course is a survey of the art of ancient Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq). The region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers is known as the ‘Cradle of Civilization.’ The first urban societies, monumental architecture, written language, and complex empires are just a few of the innovations that appeared here. From the fourth to first millennium BCE Mesopotamia gave the world its first glimpse of advanced human civilization. Through incorporation of introductory texts and scholarly literature students will enjoy discovering the major issues confronted by Archaeologists, Anthropologists, Art Historians, and Linguists as they examine the culture of ancient Mesopotamia. Class sessions will consist of slide lectures, discussion of scholarly texts and museum trips. This course meets the College requirements for an International Perspectives Requirement.
AH 224 Monumental Expression in the Ancient World (I). One unit. Expression of power has long been the focus of propaganda for rulers. Such expression is commonly manifest in visually stimulating architectural programs sponsored by such rulers. Cultures of ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Minoan Crete, the Classical and Islamic worlds, were all fueled by rulers’ drive to impress and hold power over the population through visual persuasion. Visual persuasion and expression of power was conveyed through architecture, imagery, and organization and control of space. This course will examine the use and incorporation of visual expression in various ancient cultures through detailed analysis of a few specific monumental architectural complexes. Palaces and temples, and the objects found inside these buildings will be analyzed to determine how messages were conveyed to the audiences of the ancient world. A major component of this class is conducting a research project on a specific complex of monumental architecture. Students will also come away from this seminar a more active member of the visual world that surrounds them; the use of written expression is vital in consideration of our world today. This course meets the College requirements for an International Perspectives Requirement.
AH 291 Special Topics One unit. This course is offered to present new subject matter or to present possible new courses. Offered as required.
AH 301 Art and Narrative (I). One unit. All great civilizations have a story to tell; great Assyrian kings bragged about military feats, Mayan nobles watched as champion athletes played a lethal ball-game, Renaissance painters illuminated biblical stories. In this course we will examine how these stories and ‘historical’ events found a place in the visual artistic tradition of multiple civilizations. We will examine the written tradition of narrative, analyzing the construction of stories, and look at how various stories are told. We will compare these texts to visual representations of stories, and dissect the imagery to better understand modes of visual narrative. Multiple cultures, from multiple time periods will be examined, including but not limited to: Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mesoamerica, China, Japan, the Islamic Middle East, the Byzantine world, and Renaissance Europe. This course meets the College requirements for an International Perspectives Requirement. Prerequisites: any other Art History course
AH 302 The Assyrian Empire (I). One unit. The Assyrian Empire was one of the most powerful ancient civilizations, for a time holding sway over the entire region of the Ancient Near East. Ruling with great military might, the Assyrians constructed massive palatial complexes containing extraordinary narrative relief sculpture documenting their exploits. This class will examine these complexes, looking at the architecture, art, and writing that were integral parts of the buildings. Students will actively participate in critiquing various scholarly texts and objects from area museums and will be responsible for a series of writing projects dealing with these palaces and the context for which they were created. This course meets the College requirements for an International Perspectives Requirement. Prerequisites: any other Art History course.
AH 324 Women in the Visual Arts. One unit. This course explores the work of women artists, as well as representations of women throughout history, with an emphasis on the modern period. Issues of gender are examined in relation to the subject matter, stylistic preference, media, reception, and criticism of female artists. Issues to be discussed include self representations by women artists; themes of motherhood, prostitution and female sexuality in the visual arts; the impact of the women’s movement on art; issues of the gaze and the gendering of vision; and the various obstacles and options facing the contemporary women artist. Painters, sculptors, and photographers to be examined include Artemesia Gentelleschi, Frida Kahlo, Berthe Morisot, Eva Hesse, Georgia O’Keefe, Cindy Sherman, Judy Chicago, Merritt Oppenheim, and Hannah Höch. Discussions also focus on major works created during the Renaissance, Impressionist, and Modern periods, as well as works in such diverse visual media as performance, cinema, and advertising. The course includes a trip to the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, D.C. Prerequisite: any other Art History or Gender Studies course. Offered spring semester.
AH321: The Madman and the Savage: Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Gauguin One unit No two artists have attracted a greater legend, or occupy a more important place in the public conscience than Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Gauguin. Working at the end fo the nineteenth century, both artists produced works of incredible expressive power, ambition and abstraction, that lead them to the threshold of modern art. This course explores the life and works of Van Gogh and Gauguin in great depth, separating fact from fiction and myth from reality. Our studies look at their origins, artistic training, major themes and subjects, techniques, and their journeys both inward and outward. While setting their art against the culture, politics and religious beliefs of the nineteenth century, we explore the individual achievements and artistic vision of each. We will learn about these artists through readings, discussions, research, films and first hand examination of works in New York City collections.
AH 490: Imaging the Individual: What is a Portrait? One unit. A portrait is often thought of as a visual, naturalistic representation of an individual. However this is only one definition. In this course, we will examine the concept of portraiture: what is a portrait? Does it have to portray the likeness of a person? Can a portrait contain other types of imagery? How does written text relate to visual portraiture? How is a portrait of a Mayan Lord different from that of a Japanese Samurai? How does a portrait of an Egyptian Pharaoh differ from a portrait of Andy Warhol? We will survey “portraits” of individuals beginning with Paleolithic Venus figurines, and end with those of contemporary artists. We will look at self-portraits, paintings, sculptures and even some works of monumental architecture.
AH 491: Contemporary Art. One unit. This course familiarized students with contemporary art practice, debates in art theory and criticism and the most important issues facing the artist today. We will examine the work of diverse artists in the context of larger social, political, economic and aesthetic issues. In addition, we will look at issues such as the role of the museum today, censorship and the impact of the internet on contemporary art making. The works of important contemporary critics and theorists are explored. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '116', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9236822724342346}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '78442', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:W2MBC3SLBLLZJZG6GNS3VEYKIHUVEPNM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ad3062ba-3483-4c14-b0af-05649a33e915>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 23, 5, 6, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.239.1.231', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:G6EQFH4WENBTD26LMDYDUFS3JSV25ESP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3c25839f-15c5-4fc8-88ca-3610d485b8b5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://wagner.edu/art/courses/node-177/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:888a0827-d728-4e1a-9378-01c3f11d53e1>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '2682', 'url': 'http://wagner.edu/art/courses/node-177/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.021136581897735596', 'original_id': 'f6dc016365d9977c44ce67904501d7ef076976e1c9715f4940778535fc674307'} |
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Ambassador Dr. Ho-Young Ahn
Ambassador Dr. Ho-Young Ahn is the President of the University of North Korean Studies, a premier institution for research and education of North Korea related issues. Ambassador Ahn used to be the Republic of Korea’s Ambassador to the United States (
2013-17). He has also served as Deputy Minister for Trade, First Vice Foreign Minister, and Ambassador to the European Union. Ambassador Ahn studied international relations and law at the Seoul National University (BA), the Georgetown University (MS), Korea National Open University (LLB) and the Georgetown Law School (LLM). He received a Ph.D degree (Hon) in political science from the Kyung-Nam University. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9404779076576232}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '47376', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WXR3JCABTBVQNP734ZAFPNVDPAXU7SAD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:86e53f08-440c-4761-9bfe-8c069a4b282f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 9, 30, 7, 33, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.185.0.2', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VLVCFY52PNVXH44J52ACBRMEYX5PYCSG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:74baede8-2d45-48bc-b898-2d2e1efa7bfb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.globalpeace.org/ambassador-dr-ho-young-ahn', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a3601e88-860c-4309-98ff-4472740a353c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '103', 'url': 'https://www.globalpeace.org/ambassador-dr-ho-young-ahn', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-40\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September/October 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-12\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1788005232810974', 'original_id': '3044a4327b5aa34e2b82528173f3d4168efb64b6624a329b3ca3527773629c03'} |
Good Luck!
Sale price Price $18.00 Regular price
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“Find a penny, pick it up. All day long you’ll have good luck.” Folklore from ancient civilizations said metals—like copper—were gifts from God.
One application takes you from day to night .
How to apply:
1. Use a lip liner of the similar color to outline your lips.
2. Then apply the glue gloss as you would regular lipgloss, covering your entire lip evenly.
3. Then, using your fingertip. press a generous amount of the glitter onto your lips one section at a time.
Kit includes:
1. 5g of Glitter Crystals
2. Gloss Bond
3. Applicator Brush
Pro Tip: finger tips are the best way to apply the glitter. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8315699100494385}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '96429', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2XDYYJDODOQ4EUDKJFCU4FKXFIVA4ELK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:11b1e65a-6400-4f41-93fc-4aece1b71737>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 8, 11, 14, 20), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.227.38.32', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FJTINRRFFKAU5ZMJ76ABNZ5ZA7RZZV5N', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d0b639aa-4677-47ca-9bb8-ce98090c747a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://musebeautyusa.com/collections/muse-lips/products/burnt-orange', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:52ba4ef1-dcf7-4abc-b17d-61d34902dbf2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '117', 'url': 'https://musebeautyusa.com/collections/muse-lips/products/burnt-orange', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-8\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.044609129428863525', 'original_id': '145be40fbb6db543e2b1170d1c9ea30814591ab2852b16d299c15afbd8ba8158'} |
Jeannine Jabaay is a fourth-generation Alaskan, working in partnership with her husband, Derrick, to beautify the state one project at a time, all year round. What began as a landscaping business in 1999 very quickly transformed into a full-service deck-building operation. More recently, Treeline Construction emerged as the design/build company they are today.
"In November 2015, we launched into remodeling as well," said co-owner and company president, Jeannine.
It was a natural progression from building decks to full home remodels for the Jabaays. "We've been doing it for years for clients," she said. "You know, you put in a door from their deck to their kitchen, and pretty soon you're in their kitchen."
Part of what makes Treeline different is their involvement from concept to completion on many projects. While a part of their business caters to Alaskans with DIY spirit—they can do any combination of designing, laying foundations or simply bundling materials for someone who wants to construct their own deck—they also work well with homeowners who want to completely hand over the reins. Their team can design a project and take the lead from the very first 3-D renderings to the very last finishing nail.
"We're good at what we do," Jeannine added. For potential customers who want to see more than photos or showroom models, the company maintains an extensive list of references who are willing to provide their addresses and invite potential customers to drive by their decks and see Treeline Construction's work.
A Partnership
Jeannine is outgoing and warm. Her office is in the front, on the showroom floor. She is focused on human resources and marketing for Treeline. The company now employs approximately 40 Alaskans year-round, including deck and interior construction foremen, pile-drivers, architects, engineers, office staff and laborers. Jeannine personally interviews each prospective employee and only if she thinks they are a good fit will they get a second interview with a foreman.
Derrick is reserved and analytical. He can be found in the last office in the back, reviewing jobs and contacting customers for feedback to ensure quality control.
"At the end of every single job, he either meets with, or reaches out to the customer and says, 'How did we do? How did the foreman do? Are there ways to improve?' If necessary he'll meet on-site and create a checklist of things that need to be redone," said Jeannine.
Defining their individual roles was an important, and intentional, part of structuring their company. "Derrick and I actually work really well together," said Jeannine. "We have very clearly defined roles, so we very rarely blur with each other. We were very intentional from the beginning. We realized that running a company is hard on a marriage. And we were unwilling to sacrifice our relationship for a company that we love—but that's the wrong word—I wish that we were Greek so we had words that better describe love. I love my husband and I love spaghetti and I love this company, three different kinds of love, but we recognized real fast that it wasn't going to be a healthy thing for us to have too much overlap in our job because then you have to mentally transition from husband/wife, mother/father to business partners. And I think one of our strengths is the partnership."
Changing Vision
As young newlyweds, the Jabaays first settled on landscaping so they would have winters free to travel the world as missionaries. They never planned on having children or leading a growing design and construction team. But life had something else in store for them.
They adopted their son, Michael, through the Alaska foster care system. He's now the eldest of six kids. Becoming parents gave them an opportunity to rethink their business goals. They decided to stay in Anchorage for the kids, get involved with their community and grow their business. For the entirety of their company's history, their family has grown right alongside.
"It means showing up to trade shows with a baby strapped to your stomach," said Jeannine. "For so many years, it was my life." The Jabaays also homeschooled their kids for nine years. All but the youngest, Valor, are now enrolled in Anchorage schools. Until he's old enough to join his siblings, you may find Valor on the showroom floor of their Brayton Drive facility working on his art or playing with toys.
While the couple manage to successfully separate their responsibilities at work, it didn't come without effort. "Not everybody has what Derrick and I have, which is massive trust in one another, and in our capabilities. He doesn't question my style, I don't question his bids. I think it came with a little bit of luck, a lot of God's hand and years of learning trust in one another."
To weather the storms of a fluctuating and seasonal industry, you have to get creative. Alaska's harsh winters and short "construction season" are no match for Treeline Construction. When we met with Treeline, they were pouring a concrete foundation in February. At 20 degrees fahrenheit. One secret to their 12-month calendar of construction jobs? An innovative use of heat. They use a ground-thawing technique—pipes filled with circulating warm water that melt the snow, ice and frozen earth. The Jabaays also own Treeline Construction's sister company, Rock Solid Pile Driving. They are able to drive piles for decks, docks, carports, cabins, foundations, road projects, sheds, and more, regardless of conditions. This ensures that both businesses stay busy with hundreds of outdoor projects all year long.
For more than 15 years, building decks was the core business for Treeline Construction, but in the past two years their focus has shifted. They formally launched the home remodeling side of their company. It was a risk, but they wanted to diversify the business.
"I don't know that we were even ready. We had the team to do it, we had the resources to do it, but we didn't have the time," said Jeannine. "So we just sort of forced it to happen." It was, she added, a rough couple of months.
"Fifteen to sixteen-hour days with six kids, you start to feel … I really miss them. He really missed them. It was pretty scary, but it took. And it grew the business."
In just one year, Treeline's revenue grew over a million dollars. The increase from the home-remodeling focus helped compensate for lost commercial revenue as the oil industry took a downturn.
Treeline's full calendar also means they need to have a highly qualified team on hand. "We hire the best in the industry, we foster and grow and continue to educate our team to be the best in the industry," said Jeannine. Sometimes that means paying for continuing education or specialty classes for their employees. One of their pile drivers is pursuing a master's degree in project management and they've opted to cover half of his tuition at University of Alaska Anchorage. It's all part of their employee retention plan.
"Our goal is not to compete with the guy with the phone and the pickup truck," said Jeannine. "It's to set the standard that he's trying to keep up with."
Building a Legacy
One day the Jabaays would like to take a step back. For the next 10 years they want to continue to grow Treeline Construction, but ultimately they would like to sell to their employees. "We would want to maintain the integrity of what we've built," said Jeannine.
For now, Derrick and Jeannine have found a good balance of work and home life, and have even been able to prioritize involvement in the community by giving back to local schools and participating in the legislature. Jeannine maintains perspective about their company: "We don't find our identity in it, but we identify with it. It's not who I am, but it's a part of what I do."
"I'm just trying to do a good job being a good steward of what I've got, including my company, including my kids, for as long as I have."
This article was produced by the creative services department of Alaska Dispatch News in collaboration with First National Bank Alaska. Contact the editor, Jamie Gonzales, at The ADN newsroom was not involved in its production. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '7', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9839308261871338}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '94574', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:N4MHNVBEWSNKAMA52A3LCPJNXISOUUL6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4a17f477-a804-456d-aa5b-2de468f50f25>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 17, 9, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.33.238.114', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3YLINHTMZB4QRPAHVYMAQWV4GHDQ7ANS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0384ec16-c1b2-4441-8204-f9b116dbbaac>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.adn.com/features/sponsored-content/2017/03/02/making-it-working-from-the-outside-in/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:bfa50cb8-f396-47b3-a894-588205e5714c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1355', 'url': 'https://www.adn.com/features/sponsored-content/2017/03/02/making-it-working-from-the-outside-in/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-97-181-44.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02340829372406006', 'original_id': '3832ff18f311b6903ebc7937a3169ad3c409f98226568e1dcf97c54222e414e7'} |
In the United States Court of Federal Claims
OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
No. 14-1101V
Filed: August 21, 2015
Not for Publication
*************************
NICHOLAS J. XANTHOPOULOS, *
*
*
Petitioner, * Damages Decision Based on Proffer;
* Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (“HPV”);
v. * Vasovagal Syncope; Special Processing
* Unit (“SPU”)
*
SECRETARY OF HEALTH *
AND HUMAN SERVICES, *
*
Respondent. *
*************************
Randall Elbert Smith, Smith, Elliot, Smith and Garmey, Saco, ME for petitioner.
Claudia Gangi, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent.
DECISION AWARDING DAMAGES1
Vowell, Chief Special Master:
On November 12, 2014, Nicholas Xanthopoulos filed a petition for compensation
under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 42 U.S.C. §300aa-10, et
seq,2 [the “Vaccine Act” or “Program”]. The petition alleges that as a result of a human
papillomavirus vaccine [“HPV”] on October 12, 2012, petitioner suffered vasovagal
syncope causing him to fall and sustain traumatic brain injuries. Petition at 1. The case
was assigned to the Special Processing Unit of the Office of Special Masters.
On May 4, 2015, I issued a ruling on entitlement, finding petitioner entitled to
compensation for a syncopal episode within one hour of receiving a HPV vaccination,
1
Because this unpublished decision contains a reasoned explanation for the action in this case, I intend
to post it on the United States Court of Federal Claims' website, in accordance with the E-Government
Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-347, § 205, 116 Stat. 2899, 2913 (codified as amended at 44 U.S.C. § 3501
note (2006)). In accordance with Vaccine Rule 18(b), petitioner has 14 days to identify and move to
redact medical or other information, the disclosure of which would constitute an unwarranted invasion of
privacy. If, upon review, I agree that the identified material fits within this definition, I will redact such
material from public access.
2
National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755. Hereinafter, for
ease of citation, all “§” references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. §
300aa (2012).
which was the proximate cause of petitioner’s head injury. On August 19, 2015,
respondent filed a proffer on award of compensation [“Proffer”] indicating that petitioner
should be awarded compensation in the amount of $112,500.00 for his actual and
projected pain and suffering. Proffer at 1.
Pursuant to the terms stated in the attached Proffer, I award petitioner a lump
sum payment of $112,500.00 in the form of a check payable to petitioner, Nicholas
J. Xanthopoulos. This amount represents compensation for all damages that would be
available under § 300aa-15(a).
The clerk of the court is directed to enter judgment in accordance with this
decision.3
IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/Denise K. Vowell
Denise K. Vowell
Chief Special Master
3
Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by each party filing a notice
renouncing the right to seek review.
2
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'dbb1871f0c14155f252258c8e8877536a7c12092c18fdab2004cd2f8540c8dc8'} |
---
layout : 'default'
css : 'item'
title : 'Item'
type : 'UI View'
---
<div class="segment">
<div class="container">
<h1 class="ui dividing header">Item</h1>
<p>An item view is a generic list of site content, and can be useful for displaying a wide variety of named image content.</p>
<div class="ui basic labeled icon toggle overview button">
Definition
<i class="book icon"></i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="main container">
<div class="peek">
<div class="ui vertical pointing secondary menu">
<a class="active item">Types</a>
<a class="item">Content</a>
<a class="item">Variations</a>
</div>
</div>
<h2 class="ui dividing header">Types</h2>
<div class="example">
<h4 class="ui header">Items</h4>
<p>A basic item list. </p>
<div class="ignored yellow ui message">
<i class="info icon"></i>
Items must manually be given a width and height that match up to the content that it displays. Content must also be truncated so that each item will not exceed the maximum height.
</div>
<div class="ui items">
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="like ui corner label">
<i class="like icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item1.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Cute Dog</div>
<p class="description">This dog has some things going for it. Its pretty cute and looks like it'd be fun to cuddle up with.</p>
<div class="extra">
199 votes
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="like ui corner label">
<i class="like icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item2.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="meta">5 days ago</div>
<div class="name">Faithful Dog</div>
<p class="description">Sometimes its more important to have a dog you know you can trust. But not every dog is trustworthy, you can tell by looking at its smile.</p>
<div class="extra">
311 votes
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="like ui corner label">
<i class="like icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item3.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Silly Dog</div>
<p class="description">Silly dogs can be quite fun to have as companions. You never know what kind of ridiculous thing they will do.</p>
<div class="extra">
522 votes
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2 class="ui dividing header">Variations</h2>
<div class="example">
<h4 class="ui header">Stackable</h4>
<p>An item view can have its items take the full width when below a browser resolution threshold to allow for content to display properly at small sizes</p>
<div class="ui stackable items">
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="like ui corner label">
<i class="like icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item1.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Cute Dog</div>
<p class="description">This dog has some things going for it. Its pretty cute and looks like it'd be fun to cuddle up with.</p>
<div class="extra">
199 votes
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="like ui corner label">
<i class="like icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item2.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="meta">5 days ago</div>
<div class="name">Faithful Dog</div>
<p class="description">Sometimes its more important to have a dog you know you can trust. But not every dog is trustworthy, you can tell by looking at its smile.</p>
<div class="extra">
311 votes
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example">
<h4 class="ui header">Connected</h4>
<p>An item list can be automatically sized to be even height.</p>
<div class="ignored warning ui message">
<i class="info icon"></i>
Connected item lists cannot display extra information. A connected row must also assume an arbitrary column width unless specified.
</div>
<div class="ui connected items">
<div class="row">
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<img src="/images/demo/item4.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Cute Dog</div>
<p class="description">This dog has some things going for it. Its pretty cute and looks like it'd be fun to cuddle up with.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<img src="/images/demo/item5.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Faithful Dog</div>
<p class="description">Sometimes its more important to have a dog you know you can trust. But not every dog is trustworthy, you can tell by looking at its smile.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<img src="/images/demo/item3.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Silly Dog</div>
<p class="description">Silly dogs can be quite fun to have as companions. You never know what kind of ridiculous thing they will do.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<img src="/images/demo/item2.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Cute Dog</div>
<p class="description">This dog has some things going for it. Its pretty cute and looks like it'd be fun to cuddle up with.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<img src="/images/demo/item1.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Faithful Dog</div>
<p class="description">Sometimes its more important to have a dog you know you can trust. But not every dog is trustworthy, you can tell by looking at its smile.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<img src="/images/demo/item4.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Silly Dog</div>
<p class="description">Silly dogs can be quite fun to have as companions. You never know what kind of ridiculous thing they will do.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example">
<h4 class="ui header">Column count</h4>
<p>An item list can list how many columns should exist in a row</p>
<div class="ui four items">
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="star ui corner label">
<i class="star icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item4.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Cute Dog</div>
<p class="description">This dog has some things going for it. Its pretty cute and looks like it'd be fun to cuddle up with.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="star ui corner label">
<i class="star icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item5.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Faithful Dog</div>
<p class="description">Sometimes its more important to have a dog you know you can trust. But not every dog is trustworthy, you can tell by looking at its smile.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="star ui corner label">
<i class="star icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item3.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Silly Dog</div>
<p class="description">Silly dogs can be quite fun to have as companions. You never know what kind of ridiculous thing they will do.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="star ui corner label">
<i class="star icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item2.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Happy Dog</div>
<p class="description">Happy dogs are pretty interesting if you are an unhappy person.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="another example">
<p>A connected item list with a specified column count</p>
<div class="ui five connected items">
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="star ui corner label">
<i class="star icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item4.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Cute Dog</div>
<p class="description">This dog has some things going for it. Its pretty cute and looks like it'd be fun to cuddle up with.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="star ui corner label">
<i class="star icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item5.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Faithful Dog</div>
<p class="description">Sometimes its more important to have a dog you know you can trust. But not every dog is trustworthy, you can tell by looking at its smile.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="star ui corner label">
<i class="star icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item3.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Silly Dog</div>
<p class="description">Silly dogs can be quite fun to have as companions. You never know what kind of ridiculous thing they will do.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="star ui corner label">
<i class="star icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item2.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Happy Dog</div>
<p class="description">Happy dogs are pretty interesting if you are an unhappy person.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="image">
<a class="star ui corner label">
<i class="star icon"></i>
</a>
<img src="/images/demo/item1.jpg">
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="name">Quiet Dog</div>
<p class="description">A quiet dog is nice if you dont like a lot of upkeep for your dogs.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> | the_stack | {'hexsha': 'd0c176046482a47bff6f973545924fd7a07b778c', 'size': '11451', 'ext': 'html', 'lang': 'HTML', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'node/src/documents/views/items.html', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'ftanrisevdi/Semantic-UI', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': 'a8b2218864857dd13dbe3bcf7bce88a9615e66f1', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_stars_count': '1', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '2021-06-12T08:14:46.000Z', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '2021-06-12T08:14:46.000Z', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'node/src/documents/views/items.html', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'ftanrisevdi/Semantic-UI', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': 'a8b2218864857dd13dbe3bcf7bce88a9615e66f1', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_issues_count': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'node/src/documents/views/items.html', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'ftanrisevdi/Semantic-UI', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': 'a8b2218864857dd13dbe3bcf7bce88a9615e66f1', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_forks_count': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '', 'avg_line_length': '36.1230283912', 'max_line_length': '185', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.5400401712', 'original_id': '22fb31c46fc33cc3e337e08020cf310570c36fc8521d3f99eaa0aea3738b173e'} |
HostInterface Package
=====================
The HostInterface package provides host-specific typedefs and interfaces.
.. bsv:package:: HostInterface
Host-Specific Constants
------------------------
.. bsv:typedef:: DataBusWidth
Width in bits of the data bus connected to host shared memory.
.. bsv:typedef:: PhysAddrWidth
Width in bits of physical addresses on the data bus connected to host shared memory.
.. bsv:typedef:: NumberOfMasters
Number of memory interfaces used for connecting to host shared memory.
Host-Specific Interfaces
------------------------
.. bsv:interface:: BsimHost
Host interface for the bluesim platform
.. bsv:interface:: PcieHost
Host interface for PCIe-attached FPGAs such as vc707 and kc705
.. bsv:interface:: ZynqHost
Host interface for Zynq FPGAs such as zedboard, zc702, zc706, and zybo.
The Zc706 is a ZynqHost even when it is plugged into a PCIe slot.
Application-Specific Types
--------------------------
.. bsv:typedef:: PinType
Specifies the type of the application pins interface. Defined from PIN_TYPE.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '11a9d0c14bf5295bd5be3efd367f74aab5a3929c6e7b9aab4985a9988b0df9b9'} |
Why install an ePump?
Farmer Simon Wilson is a busy man; but since installing an ePump he’s got one less thing to worry about.
The pumping system had been a game changer on Mount Herbert hill country sheep and beef station in Central Hawke’s Bay.
Due to the lay of the land, running electricity uphill to deliver stock water was not a feasible option. But the pump’s solar panel could be installed almost anywhere and provided the perfect solution for a hard to reach area.
The man hours required to re-fuel a diesel pump, and Health and Safety factors of carting fuel were also a factor in his decision to go solar.
Simon said the initial outlay on purchasing an ePump had been well worth time and money saved in the long run.
“It’s been a fantastic– it just gets the job done, and is constantly topping up the water without any input from me. With our diesel pump we’d have to check on it once a week, the benefit of an ePump is that it works away on its own.”
Self-sufficiency and reliability made it an extremely valuable asset, and allowed Simon to take holiday’s in summer without the concern stock would run out of water.
“We have had problems in that area of the farm before, where the water would get low and our diesel pump wouldn’t be able to keep up. Now I can set it and know the ePump is delivering water little and often.”
Another benefit of the ePump was easy installation, with simple connections between the pump and the panels.
The kitset includes a standalone, fully automatic solar pumping system that will pump water, even in the remotest areas.
Because it’s a low voltage system, there was no need for electrician or builder to install.
Like any pump, the system benefits from an annual service to look for wear and tear and check the oil. Brushes, leathers etc will need changing over time. These parts can be sourced from pretty much any pump provider or stockist.
A case study of 11 New Zealand farms, conducted by the Ministry for Primary Industries revealed significant returns on stock water reticulation systems – both in monetary terms and farmer well-being.
One key finding was the “peace of mind” factor, mentioned by all case study farmers – particularly relating to having water readily available during dry, drought periods.
Other positives mentioned were better grazing management, improved pasture utilisation and/or better pasture production, improved stock numbers and or performance. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9621701836586}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '52644', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:S5H344BN65LNF5BSXYKR2XTZLHTAQWWX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:79ab76f8-4ae0-4bbd-880e-7424f569fd20>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 22, 24, 32), 'WARC-IP-Address': '223.165.77.199', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:E7D77R3APDOGOPHNZE2I3BFLXRWEAIUN', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d5eed4f1-388c-468c-9f9c-e765784106bb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://epumpnz.com/2017/10/why-install-an-epump/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f8557f7b-1a67-47e2-a4ce-913e66b8bba6>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '414', 'url': 'https://epumpnz.com/2017/10/why-install-an-epump/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-159-220-225.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02649974822998047', 'original_id': '8a9b525a85e18a50c58fd6f3281aa7208e88dfb75fd877ccbf6752478c38c0f9'} |
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Photons in 1 cubic meter
1. Dec 29, 2004 #1
just out of curiosity. What is the maximum number of photons that can be accomodated in 1 cubic meter?
2. jcsd
3. Dec 30, 2004 #2
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Photons are pointlike Bosons, so there is no limit that I'm aware of.
4. Dec 30, 2004 #3
Gokul43201 is correct. But it may be somewhat confusing to many people. One might think, "Well, so what if they are pointlike bosons- If I take a pencil and make a bunch of points on a (small) piece of paper, it will only take a finite (but maybe tremendously large) number of points to fill up the paper. So why can an infinite number Photons be put into a set amount of space?"
This is a good thought process, that I am sure crosses many students minds at least once, but is ultimately wrong. The definition of a point-like particle or even better a point is that it is an object that is dimensionless geometrically and the only property that can be given to it is a location. So a point-like particle doesn't take up any volume in your space, so you could add as many as you please. I hope that helps.
5. Dec 30, 2004 #4
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Another way to ask this question might be "what is the maximum energy - in the form of photons - that can be crammed into 1 m^3?"
A good piece of trivia is the photon density, or energy density due to photons, of a chunk of space ... 1 au from the Sun, out in the EKB, at the surface of the Sun, at its core, ... I once found a website with a cool table of this trivia, but I seem to have lost the bookmark :cry:
6. Dec 30, 2004 #5
Because photons don't obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle, does this mean we can have an infinite number of photons at a single point in space?
7. Dec 30, 2004 #6
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the short answer, as Gokul said, is there is no limit to the number of photons that can go into a 1 cubic meter box.
but there are some things to consider
collapse to black hole:
if the energy density is too high in the cubic meter box then it will collapse
what does "accomodated in" the box mean, if the wavelength of the photon is a kilometer?
Benzun, this is a question where it matters very much how you say it.
If you say "How many photons per cubic meter can coexist in a cubic kilometer, or a cubic lightyear?"
then you will get a nice big number because you can include very weak photons with very long wavelengths!
But if you insist on imagining a 1 cubic meter box and say "How many can coexist in this box?" then, in order to be reasonably sure that the photon is in the box you must allow only photons of wavelength less than, say, a meter, or even 10 centimeters. So then there will be a lower cutoff on the energy of an individual. So then, if you put too many in, it will collapse to make a black hole.
I will be happy to calculate (or several other people could do it) for you if you will please just say clearly what you want to know.
in the meantime, nobody seems to have mentioned yet the beautiful idea of TEMPERATURE
a good question is about thermal photons at a given temperature
If you are in a room which is , say 293 kelvin, then the walls and everything are giving off infrared heat photons. There are far more of them than there are of visible light photons so let us focus just on the thermal kind. A good question is, how many thermal photons per cubic meter in a room at usual room temperature?
so maybe Benzun you will ask some more questions and we can broaden the discussion?
8. Dec 30, 2004 #7
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Please do not weep Nereid, surely the bookmark will turn up sometime!
And meanwhile we will do what we can. It is not so hard to find the number of sunlight photons in open space at this distance from sun.
the solar constant is 1370 watts per sq. meter
and one divides this by 3E8 meters per second to find the joules in a cubic meter
and one finds the energy density of sunlight at this distance from sun:
4.57 microjoules per cubic meter
Now in thermal black body radiation the energy of the AVERAGE PHOTON is 2.701kT. this 2.701 is one of nature's beautiful numbers.
and sunlight is very much like blackbody radiation at temperature 5700 kelvin
so I just have to look up boltzmann k = 1.38E-17 microjoules per kelvin
and multiply by 2.7 and 5700
2.12E-13 microjoules (behold it is the average photon energy in sunlight!)
and then I only must divide 4.57 by 2.12 and I see that in a cubic meter of sunlight (at this distance from sun)
there are 2E13 photons
that is, 20 trillion photons in a cubic meter of sunlight
I have rounded off, it is just a rough answer, but it is the right OOM
(as i know from other calculations which serve as check)
9. Dec 30, 2004 #8
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OOM I would say 1048 joules
or since this is just rough OOM calculation, call that 9E47 joules
which would act like an equivalent mass M = E29 kilogram
why can you not cram a mass greater than M into a spherical cubic meter volume?
because the Schwarzschild radius for that mass is
2GM/c2 = (13/9) E(29 - 11 - 18) meters = 13/9 meters
so you could not cram that much light even into a spherical volume with a radius of 1 meter
I have said 9E47 joules of light could not be crammed into a cubic meter sphere but probably with a more careful calculation one could show that
already 4E47 joules is too much
yes, I checked, 4 x 1047 joules is already too much light to
put in a cubic meter
10. Dec 24, 2005 #9
sorry for the late reply, i got carried away. this is wat i am thinking. since there exist a maximum density(mass per unit volume) for any particle in space before it colapses, i was just wondering if any such maximum energy equivalent exists. since EM radiation is the most common form of energy i thaught by figuring out how much can coexist in one cubic meter one can find that energy density. There is a limit for everything even energy. does this limit have any implication on the speed of light is yet another question that bothers me.
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Tales of Barclays bankers playing fast and loose, circa 2011, lack shock value these days. After Libor rigging, forex rigging, and four other serious disciplinary breaches by the bank since 2009, we’re numb. But the latest addition to the portfolio of naughtiness shouldn’t be missed. The Financial Conduct Authority, whacking the bank with a £72m penalty for failing to run checks on a group of “politically exposed persons” wishing to transfer £1.88bn in a hurry, tells a cracking tale.
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Cerro Capadero (kulle) Geonames-ID 8752141
Cerro Capadero (kulle) instans av kulle
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Cerro Capadero (kulle) GNS-ID 11985139
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Cerro Capadero
hill in Sonora, Mexico
Cerro Capadero country Mexico
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Cerro Capadero instance of hill
Cerro Capadero coordinate location
Cerro Capadero GNS Unique Feature ID 11985139
Cerro Capadero located in the administrative territorial entity Sonora
Cerro Capadero
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Cerro Capadero land Mexico
Cerro Capadero GeoNames-identificatiecode 8752141
Cerro Capadero is een heuvel
Cerro Capadero geografische locatie
Cerro Capadero GNS Unique Feature-identificatiecode 11985139
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• Consumer-assisted selection is making products that people want before they know they want them. It’s exactly what Apple did with the iPhone. Diversity is characteristic of the flower, fruit and vegetable industries.
• Most new crops are commercially developed for their yield characteristics and timing of harvest. These characteristics are easy to measure and predict, but they are not the same characteristics that consumers use to make their purchasing decisions.
JULIE DOUGLAS, American Seed Trade Association | May 03, 2012
A University of Florida professor who collaborates across academic disciplines to measure consumer preferences to different fruits, vegetables, and flowers has a goal of developing plants designed for consumers’ pleasure.
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A florist was asked to create three flower arrangements: normal, something a little more novel and one that was really novel — all at a $35 price point.
“We put these arrangements in front of people and guys don’t get it,” Clark says. “They flatline. When you give women boring things, they are not interested either. We found that women like novel, but not something a ‘little novel.’ When presented with a ‘little novel,’ they revert to traditional.”
Is this an enticing clue, he asks. “Preliminary work shows different areas of the brain are stimulated when subjects are presented with an image of flowers versus green plants.
The ventral striatum has been associated with pleasant rewards, while the amygdala is involved in detecting salient stimuli from the environment.
Clark says there will be gender differences. One of the survey questions asked participants was their favorite color. “Men responded with primary colors — red, blue and yellow,” he says. “Women responded to blends — purple, pink and orange.”
Regardless of what the research shows, he says, it means that down the road consumers should have flowers, fruits and vegetables tailored to their likes. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '4954ef88428581e0988d9fbf9b3ebe259520c4f344d5eb20634cb130c126a081'} |
Full Moon Caste Lunar mate of Andraste
• Solar Mate: Andraste
• Full Moon Caste Lunar
• Spirit Shape: Tyrant Lizard
• Does not have a War Form
• Lunar Tell: Moonsilver Hair and peach fuzz all over his body
• Limit Break: Curse of the Humble Sloth (Laziness, nothing beside eating and sleeping. Controlled take care of immediate need of self and important people to him)
• Legendary Attribute: Strength, Dexterity
• Martial Artist
Notable Possessions
Torc of Unified Action
Is paired with Andraste's Torc
2 Dot Artifact
Repair 3
This device is a braided torc woven from strands of each of the five magical materials and filled with Essence-based circuitry vaguely similar to those found in slave collars (see p. 63). Each of these items contains a setting for a single hearthstone. To attune this artifact, the owner must commit three motes of Essence. Alone, this artifact is nothing more than a setting for a hearthstone, but these torcs are typically found in groups of between two and five. (Each character who wishes one must purchase this artifact separately.) If several characters put on these items, hold hands and each spend a point of temporary Willpower, their torcs then extend filaments made from each of the five colors of jade into their wearers’ brains and spines. These filaments magically link the wearers until they choose to let the attunement lapse. The blue jade filaments facilitate communication between the wearers. The white jade filaments link the wearers’ bodies. Red jade filaments allow them each a share of the others’ vitality. Black jade filaments link the wearers’ subconscious. The green jade filaments link the wearers’ life force, allowing the wearers to move and even think as one.
Once the wearers have attuned their collars to one another, any of them can spend one mote to be able to communicate with any or all of the other wearers for a full scene. Wearers can send messages to all other wearers or any subset of wearers they wish, regardless of how far the wearers are from each other. All such communication is reflexive and takes no more effort than ordinary speech. The only limit on this communication is that telling a lie using these torcs is impossible because the other wearers automatically know if a message projected by these torcs is a deliberate lie or if the sender is otherwise intentionally twisting the truth. Wearers can also send any or all sensory impression they are experiencing to other wearers. If two or more wearers both spend one mote to initiate communication, they can choose to share their surface thoughts.
Characters cannot gain access to each other’s memories unless a character is willing to share them with others. Characters do automatically know each other’s every movement, emotion and thought, however. As a result, a group of characters wearing these torcs can automatically coordinate attacks (see Exalted, p. 144). The character leading the attack gains a number of automatic successes equal to the number of characters wearing torcs who have opened themselves up to communication. These automatic successes can be used to coordinate attacks only between linked torc wearers, and the maximum possible bonus gained from this coordinated attack is limited to the number of characters involved in the coordinated attack.
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The four final rotation states of Venus.
Venus rotates very slowly on its axis in a retrograde direction, opposite to that of most other bodies in the Solar System. To explain this peculiar observation, it has been generally believed that in the past its rotational axis was itself rotated to 180 degrees as a result of core-mantle friction inside the planet, together with atmospheric tides. But such a change has to assume a high initial obliquity (the angle between the planet's equator and the plane of the orbital motion). Chaotic evolution, however, allows the spin axis to flip for a large set of initial conditions. Here we show that independent of uncertainties in the models, terrestrial planets with dense atmosphere like Venus can evolve into one of only four possible rotation states. Moreover, we find that most initial conditions will drive the planet towards the configuration at present seen at Venus, albeit through two very different evolutionary paths. The first is the generally accepted view whereby the spin axis flips direction. But we have also found that it is possible for Venus to begin with prograde rotation (the same direction as the other planets) yet then develop retrograde rotation while the obliquity goes towards zero: a rotation of the spin axis is not necessary in this case. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '7e8e9055e9715f2a6b2bace77d97c7e56858f281fa2bc4f34b37735cae314f05'} |
Category Archives: personal development
Its really only in the last six months I’ve realized this, and I’ve been an indie for twenty+ years and coding for 39 years, so yeah…this took a while to sink in.
I am frustrated on a CONSTANT basis by the lack of productivity of almost everybody in the universe. I am especially irritated by the low productivity of most people in game development, and most indie devs. I almost never read about the development schedule of a game, (mostly through post-mortems, interviews or chatting to actual humans), without being shocked at how long it took to do stuff.
For most of the time, I have attributed this to an attitude. I work pretty much every day, and for most of the day, although my schedule these days is deliberately lighter than the early years. I’m prone to going out for lunch or to coffee shops, but then I’m prone to working all day Saturday and Sunday, so YMMV. I also often reply to forum posts, youtube posts, blog posts and emails in the evenings from my laptop. I’m often thinking about code when I’m not writing it.
Because of this, I find talking to people with a less work-centric attitude to be infuriating. It boggles my mind how long it takes most devs to add what seem like easy and simple features to games. I am constantly told that I am woefully inefficient because I don’t use unity, but still seem easily capable of working faster in terms of adding features & content than the very people who berate me for not using such productive tools.
So yup, I often think such people are just lazy. Or do not have the same attitude as me, or do not realize just HOW HARD it is to compete in this industry. In other words I think that their mindset is less focused, and its a personal weakness on their part, because yup…i’m a bit obsessed.
But now..I’m thinking there are two other things that explain the disparity better.
First thing: Lack of distractions. I have 3 cats, and live with my wife and these 3 relatively-low-maintenance pets, but no kids. I have a hobby of playing the guitar, which I make myself do a bit each day, but thats it. I am not having to take time out to walk the dog, pick kids up from school, drop kids at school, answer questions from kids, sort out other stuff for kids, walk the dog again, and so on. My wife is a writer, so has the same introverted ‘happy to be alone with a keyboard’ daytime work schedule as me.
Nobody ever phones me, unless its an elderly relative. I have a call screener device to prevent phone spam, and we live in the middle of nowhere. Nobody knocks on our door trying to sell us anything. There is very little noise. Its the perfect set up for zero distractions. If you possibly can do ANYTHING to reduce the distractions in your day, do it.
The second thing: experience.
This is the big one. I’ve been coding for 39 years. Thats an AGE. When I first started learning computer programming, this person was US president:
Image result for jimmy carter
Yup, exactly.
That means any silly mistake you can make when designing code…I’ve done in thirty times. 95% of my conversations with fellow devs when I’ve hit a bug go like this:
“Could be a memory-bounds issue…?”
Me: “Nope”
“Could it be that you deleted the object?”
Me: “Nope”
“…Maybe its a multi-threaded synch issue?”
me: “Nope”
…and so on.
Now that sounds super arrogant, like I think I’m the bees knees at C++. Actually I am not. I am not that good an all-round programmer *at all*. I am VERY good at learning in excruciating detail about the elements of C++ that I use, and nothing else. Because I work for myself I have no marketable need to be an all-rounder. I don’t need to learn ‘agile’ or ‘scrum’ or ‘.NET’ or RubyOnRails or whatever the hell jobs ask for this week/month/year. Its irrelevant to me, so I can be VERY good at VERY few things. This is hugely efficient.
Plus… again, trying to put my arrogance in context here… language proficiency is language proficiency, whether its English or C++. C++ is way less forgiving than English, but still…how good at English were you when you had been speaking it for just five years…versus thirty years? Hardly an exact comparison I know, but I think its a good mental exercise. I get better at C++ every year, but in a way that is not exactly how you would think:
I do NOT know more ‘clever tricks’ than a newcomer to C++. I do NOT have a better memory of the syntax of C++ than a newcomer. I do NOT type *that* much faster. I do not make use of a wider range of the standard C library than anybody else. I don’t do any of those things. What I *do* better, is that I have just learned from my mistakes.
A lot of mistakes.
I used to take the odd coding test in job interviews back in the day. These tests are good for one reason: to see if the candidate has any clue about syntax. Thats pretty much it. The amount of code required otherwise renders the test pretty much useless.
The trouble with C++ is that it attracts hotshot coders. These are people who think a super-complex algorithm, or the algorithm that uses the most clever combination of features will somehow get them more sex/money. This is predictable and sad, but not useful in terms of real productivity.
The best code, is the combination of three things:
Simplicity, Performance, Readability.
A lot of really, really good code looks fairly boring, because boring is often simple, fast and readable. The worst possible insult you can get from a senior/lead programmer with experience is this:
“That looks a bit over-engineered”
Its truly a damning insult, but you only really realize how insulting it is after about thirty years of writing crappy code. I wish I knew of an easy way to help people fast-forward those thirty years and develop the skills you have at the end of it, without those thirty years but I don’t think I can. The only advice I can offer is this:
1. Write as much code as you can. Not over-engineered nonsense, but just code a lot. Put the hours in. At least the thousand obviously, but likely way, way more.
2. Get a job with a really experienced coder and ask for criticism of your code. Only someone who works with you all the time will read enough of your code to really give you structural, high level advice on why your code sucks.
3. Read code-complete at least twice, if you have not done so already.
4. Get cats not dogs. Cats don’t need a walk.
Hope that helps someone :D
Avoiding facebook
February 01, 2020 | Filed under: personal development
As an advertiser for my games, I like facebook. Its targeting is very easy to use, and very effective. That might sound sinister, in a ‘cambridge analytica‘ way, but I’m not harvesting anything dodgy or being cynical, just showing ads for my PC strategy games to… people who have tagged pc strategy games as interest, and who speak a language my games are translated into, and who live in a country where people tend to buy online games. That works quite well.
In theory, I like facebook. What a great way to stay in touch with people! and because I try not to fly much, staying in touch with friends I have in different countries is especially nice. Its cool to see people celebrating cool stuff they are doing, its great to get a different viewpoint on the things happening around the world. So easy to share holiday snaps, or opinions on the latest movie etc.
But facebook have fucked it up.
I’d happily pay $80 a year to be a ‘member’ or ‘subscriber’ to facebook, but this is not an option. If you can’t see the product, YOU are the product, and we all know that facebook is VERY into collecting data on us, and storing it, and monetizing it. This goes on to an incredibly invasive and sinister degree.
Image result for facebook memes
TBH I have the same feelings about youtube. Its like I find myself having to think ‘do I REALLY want to watch this video, and have similar videos spammed at me for the next six months?’ every time I click on a youtube thumbnail. I’m all for curating the experience to match my tastes but jeez… back off a little and don’t seem to obsessive and creepy ffs.
I’m not a full-on tinfoil hat wearing 9-11 was an inside job conspiracy theorist kind of dude, but I do find it really sinister how much information these tech companies have on me, and their casual approach to letting us know what they are up to. A recent example is avast. Who would have though you couldn’t trust an antivirus company eh?. /sarcasm Oh and the irony… that avast link is a new website with 21 (yes TWENTY ONE) tracking cookies on it…ffs.
So I decided recently I had enough of facebook, after being dragged into an argument with a swarm of likely fossil-fuel-company hired shills trying to argue that people were ‘demonizing carbon dioxide’ and that there was a CO2 shortage, and we would kill plants if we stopped emitting it from cars… FFS.
(another exciting facebook post everyone needed to see!)
I still use facebook for business, and have pages for each of my games, and a bunch of local friends contact me through it (basically people in my village my age or older), so I’m not deleting my profile, but I ditched half my friends, deleted every ‘like’ I could, left every group, and started systematically deleting all my posts. (Facebook makes that close to impossible BTW…and I’m not kidding myself they are really deleted either).
BTW one thing that I think is worth mentioning which isn’t conspiracy or liberty-related, but is another good reason to quit facebook, is that it essentially kills conversation. When you meet up, in real-life with your friends, you are drained of any real ‘news’ or opinions. Everybody knows what you have done, where you went, what you did, and how you feel. Why bother?
“Hey I went to Boston recently on holiday”
“Yes we know. we saw all the videos, and pictures, and check-ins, and status updates…”
Quitting facebook means I’m *more* keen to see my friends, not less, because we can ‘catch up’. Thats great. I’m as nerdy an introvert-programmer as the next sheldon cooper, but we are still apes, and underneath it all, we still want to physically meet up for our own mental health.
Social Media Re-think
December 04, 2019 | Filed under: personal development
I’ve been on the internet since 14,400 baud modems. I’ve had this blog for a stupid length of time. I was on facebook and twitter *fairly* early. I remember IRC, I remember ICQ, I remember AOL. I remember the sounds modems made. I remember usenet newsgroups, and excite, lycos and alta vista.
The internet has never been as inhospitable as it is now. Its never been this toxic, this abusive, this unusable. Yes, I include usenet and IRC in that.
Three of the people responsible are Jack Dorsey (twitter) Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook) and Evan Speigel (Snapchat). There are others. They are mostly identical copies of each other, showing laughably little diversity. The people behind all this are white, straight, male billionaires. Why do I mention this?
Because ironically, the white, male, straight billionaires have weaponized ‘identity politics’ and similar topics to make more and more and more money. They are well aware that the way our brains work funnel anger and fear directly to us before our reasoning system even kicks in (an evolutionary advantage, now turned against us). The BEST way to get people to keep communicating and ‘engaging’ is to use hatred and fear. Nothing else works so well.
Social media’s business model is based on ads, marketed to people who are ‘engaged’ and always on the site. What drives more ad impressions? hatred and fear, hatred and fear, hatred and fear.
Constructive debate doesn’t sell newspapers and it doesn’t sell ads either. Every time you get dragged into a heated online argument or hate mob, or get talked into retweeting some angry aggressive hashtag deriding people as communist scum, or fascist bastards, or white-supremacist racists, or what ever other extreme hyperbole we can dream up… you are being whipped into doing this to make 3 white male billionaires more money.
Identity politics and ‘woke’ politics is PERFECT for this. What could possibly cause more hatred, anger and fear than making sure everyone is pigeon-holed into smaller and smaller and smaller and more rigidly defined groups. That way more and more people are OUTSIDE your group. The best thing would be for you to cram hashtags into every post, to ‘trigger’ as many people as possible, and stick as many identity politics terms on your Facebook or twitter profile as possible, to annoy as many people as you can. Make sure you update your Facebook profile to signal the latest opinion on topic X. You CANNOT possibly be a fan of David Bowie without changing your profile pic when he died, otherwise how would other people KNOW you liked David Bowie! the horror! Quick! fill out your profile even more, do you like THIS album? did you watch THIS movie…
People are being railroaded and goaded into sticking their politics and their sexuality and their innermost thoughts right into the faces of EVERYONE they meet, so we can all form instant judgments and hate each other even more to keep those white male billionaires in yachts and private jets. Keep arguing kids! keep being angry! you don’t know what people are angry about TODAY? oh my god…here is WHATS TRENDING NOW. (almost certainly not really whats ‘trending’, but what creates the most ‘engagement’, meaning anger, meaning ad revenue…).
Fuck it, I’m done playing this game. This year I left a mailing list for games dev I’ve been in for year. I closed my account at a forum I’ve been on for decades. I deleted 20 years of posts on one private forum. yesterday I nuked 75% of my facebook ‘friends’. I don’t fucking care if you are angry at Donald trump or Jeremy Corbyn, or you support the first amendment, or the second amendment, or you are white or black, or gay/str8/cis/nonbinary whatever.
Frankly unless I want to have sex with you what the fuck do I care about your sexual preference? Unless we are picking a restaurant together what the fuck do I care about your diet? Can’t we just get along without sticking ourselves in these stupid-as-fuck boxes? I don’t know if my next door neighbor is gay or straight or bi, or whether they support legalizing drugs, or if they voted conservative. We get along fine, it hasn’t come up, why WOULD it come up?
I’m keeping my blog. I may blog more and tweet less. I own this blog, its on my server, I can moderate and delete comments by abusive people, and only people who know me/my games read it, which is fine. I see little value in having arguments with random maniacs on the internet. I’m also keeping twitter because I find it occasionally quite funny, but I plan to tweet way less.
I’m less angry in person than online. SO many times I meet people and they tell me I’m not what ‘they expected’. Social media enrages us all, weaponizes us all to spread lies, fake news and the more extreme opinions as possible. Its bullshit and we should all do our best to stop dancing to the tune of three white male str8 billionaires who don’t care how much damage they do.
This is a round-up blog post covering lots of things:
Firstly some meta-stuff. I haven’t been super-frequent in updating this blog recently, and I also have been tweeting a lot less (in fact the wonder of analytics allows me to say my tweets are down 36% in the last month). I also un-followed a lot of accounts, I removed a lot of facebook friends, and I’ve quit some other online stuff. I’m trying to avoid the harsher, more serious, depressing net.
Frankly social media, and much of the internet in general is making me unhappy, and I’m reducing how involved I am with it. I have never been one of the ‘hip’ indies that knows everyone else, and I’m moving more towards being an ‘offline’ kind of person, for my own happiness.
Obviously that doesn’t affect tech support, PR, or blogging/tweeting about what I’m working on, so here we go…
NEW DLC! is coming to Production Line. I have not settled on a final name for it, but its likely ‘Design Variety Pack’ or something like that. Basically every car design in the game gets a duplicate, purely for cosmetic reasons. This is so you can have more variety in the game, and also so that you can more immediately tell which cars are the ‘expensive’ SUVs etc, without having to always resort to selecting a color for each design (Which I tend to do, but it feels a bit of a hack…).
Here is a tiny tiny short video clip of the new sedan.
And here is another tiny one showing we toggling between two designs of the same type.
All the code for this is now DONE, and I am thus just awaiting final artwork before I add this as a new piece of DLC. It has to be DLC because actually the art costs are PRETTY HIGH for this sort of thing, because it basically involves redoing a*all* of the car art for the game, as every new design variant may need a different position for each wheel variant, each seat, and so-on, and thats a LOT of art layers, modeled in 3D and rendered in 2 different directions.
In unrelated news, I’ve been working on some tweaks to the UI for the game, and the latest thing I added is this ability to toggle the showroom view to a ‘summary’ view that shows you how many of each car you have, rather than an endless stream of them. This is togglable with a button, but it auto-guesses which view to show you based on how full the showroom is when you first open that window:
I need to have that toggle in there to support both views because there is some functionality ‘lost’ in the summary view, as you then cannot select an individual car to see its views from customers, its applicable discounts, any defects or missing (uninstalled) features etc. Hopefully its all pretty intuitive and I don’t need any extra tutorial stuff for that? (I do worry about needing an extra tutorial window for that new toggle button for the DLC designs…not sure if its obvious or not…).
Anyway…thats Production Line stuff. I am also starting to help out full-time Democracy 4 programmer Jeff, who is doing great stuff on making the crispest, sharpest GUI for a positech game so far. (Its vector based, so smooth scaling and pixel-perfect UI is here!) I know Democracy 4 seems to be taking a long time, but it will be worth it, and we will have screenshots to show the world pretty soon :D
Oh yes, I know all about search engine optimization. Can you tell?
I talk to a lot of indie devs, although TBH not as many as I would like to, and I find many of the discussions illuminating. Because I work mostly alone in a little room in a field in the shire, I get so used to my way of doing things that its easy to forget there even are other ways. However, one of the most illuminating things is discovering just how long it takes most developers to do things (whether its code, art, biz dev, production stuff, whatever), and I am constantly shocked at how my output seems to not be 20-30% higher than many devs, but seemingly 300-400%+ more than many developers.
This blog post will try and explain how.
Its harsh. This is not touchy-feely happy cliff. This may annoy you, and make me seem a harsh, competitive, aggressive workaholic. This is reality. Most people don’t want to know this reality, but they claim to want it. This will not motivate everyone, but here goes…
Tip #1 Stop fucking around with ‘fun’ disguised as work.
Reading reddit is not work, unless its 100% actual new, informative, well-reasoned and argued and productivity or sales-boosting information directly applicable to indie game development on the platform/genre combo you work in. Reading about how to make mobile games about ponies is not going to improve your bottom line when you are a PC strategy game developer, no matter how much you kid yourself it will.
This also includes playing a dozen new indie games a month, or watching youtube lets plays or twitch streams of a whole bunch of new games. Thats not ‘market research’, its just goofing around. If you are currently between titles, and thinking seriously, and doing market research into industry trends etc, then yes, MAYBE you can claim a few hours for doing this as ‘work’. If you current game design is pretty fixed, and you are > 6 months away from release, it really doesn’t matter a fuck what is #1 in the indie game charts and how it plays. Thats not work. It will NOT change your immediate plans, don’t pretend otherwise.
Tip#2 Work somewhere quiet.
No a coffee shop is not quiet. Nor is any room in your house/apartment where other people walk through regularly. You need to be an end-zone where people only enter your room if they need YOU. Unless the house is literally on fire, someone has been shot, or imminent death or suffering beckons, nobody should disturb you when you are working. Nobody. You are in isolation. Don’t kid yourself that ‘you work better in a gregarious group of chatty people’. Thats crap and deep down you know that.
Tip#3 Get a big monitor, get 2 big monitors. Don’t feel bad if you have 3.
You cannot get a lot of work done on a tiny laptop. Thats silly. its 2019. Get some big monitors, they are cheap. I have twin 27″ monitors at 2560×1440 res. I couldn’t work at my current rate with less. I spend less time alt-tabbing than you. I can glance at my inbox without a context switch from game dev. I can view loads of my code and my game at high resolution at the same time. Monitors are cheap. its a business investment. Trust me. Buy 2, big, high quality ones. Buy them now.
literally the bare minimum
Tip#4 Shortcut keys and batch files etc
I feel physically pained when someone right clicks and selects ‘copy’ or ‘paste’. How many shortcut keys do you know? Copy & paste & cut and select word, select line, select page up + down? Windows + R Windows+F? Alt+tab? Shift+alt+tab? Windows+arrow keys? Know them all. You actually do not need a mouse for much. the mouse is SLOW. I use batch files to process files in photoshop quite a lot. I also know a lot of shortcut keys in textpad32 and paintshop pro. Also… if you use visual studio are you using visual assist? its amazing. use it. USE every productivity tool imaginable. leverage what computers are good at. Get a fast PC.
I know devs who use zipped up files and drag-dropping to back up their code. FFS. Use source control and cloud backup software that automates all this for you. If code and software exists to make you more productive USE it. Use email filters and rules. So much time-saving software exists, use it.
FFS I even have my living room lights come on automatically at sunset without me pressing buttons. Automate the fuck out of things.
Tip#5 Comfort
You will work longer and harder and happier in a nice work environment. When it comes to my office, no expense is spared. If you are an indie developer, your desk and office chair are probably more important to you than your car, TV, cooker and sofa combined. You will (hopefully) spend a lot of time in that chair at that desk. Get a really good one. try many, the really good ones will last a while. Mine is an aeron, 9 years old, still perfect. I actually had a desk made for me (surprisingly cheap actually), It will last forever. Do not make false economies here. Mine was about £800. Thats under £100 a year so far for the place I park my ass most of my life.
other chairs are shit
Tip#6 Mindset
If you are working on your first game, I hate to be that ‘one guy’ who breaks with the happy-clappy hugs and flowers online twitter group hug, but no, you are not an indie game dev, you are a wannabe. You are trying. you might one day release a game, in which case, well done, welcome to the club. the world is littered with people who try and fail, and those who give up. Someone who is ‘working on a novel’ is not a novelist, they are a hobbyist.
If you want the warm glowy feeling of being an indie dev who entertains people and ships games and makes a living from it, they you need to work hard as fuck, for a long time, and get your head down and get the product shipped. Do not surround yourself with well meaning people who tell you what you want to hear. Thats a route that spirals down and down into insular failure and disappointment. If your game is behind schedule then you are failing. Stop whining and work harder, and keep that attitude until you finish something.
Also… don’t kid yourself that you have worked ‘super hard’ because you put in a solid 6 hours work at your desk today. Thats great, but frankly someone flipping burgers has worked longer and harder than you today. You claim to want to make a secure living in one of the most competitive, sought-after, cut-throat industries in the world? Well so does everybody else. Most people fail. Most people lose. You will not make a success of this working less hours than someone doing an unskilled minimum wage job. Do not blame me for the harsh realities of competition, but more importantly do not pretend they don’t exist because that truth is inconvenient.
This job is not hard. You want hard? go work as a soldier, a police officer, as a trauma surgeon or an astronaut. game dev is fucking easy. Don’t kid yourself.
Tip#7 Focus on one thing well
If you are good at making 2D RPGs, make 2D RPGs. Unless you have three years salary in the bank, and a lot of confidence, and are absolutely MISERABLE making those games, do not change. Every 2D RPG you make improves your skills, your experience, your audience, your engine, your productivity and your tool-chain.
I’m a competent programmer. I could make a 3D physics game next. Maybe I have a cool idea for one, but for fucks sake that is a BIG leap away from 2D/iso strategy/management games. Why throw 90% of my audience, experience, skills and technologyonto a bonfire just to switch genres and styles.
You might decide to change genres/engines/languages etc because you are seeking artistic fulfillment. Thats great, but thats the luxury of a leisure activity. Again…3 years salary banked? go for it. Else…thats almost certainly a poor business decision. Get good at a thing, then do that thing until its a big success. There is HUGE opportunity cost when you learn a new genre/style/language/technology. Make sure you are fully aware of this. Few genres are so small they cannot support a single indie dev.
source:spiderweb software, experts in genre focus
Tip#8 Seek out harsh but real criticism
I get a fair few really good reviews and emails from people who really like my games. I love them. they make me feel happy, and warm, and appreciated and other nice things. its a good feeling. They don’t actually make my games better though. The emails you hate, the negative reviews, the dreaded steam refund reasons… these are the harsh angry truths that you do NOT want to hear, and yet you must. When someones tells you ‘i could make a better GUI with my ass whilst high‘, you may be angry, depressed, furious, insulted…but you need to hear it. maybe your GUI *is* bad. Maybe it could be improved.
to be fair, that slider was really crap. its better now.
Do not insulate yourself from the negative. negativity can lead to change, improvement and accomplishment. Data about what you are doing badly is absolutely essential in improving. If nobody ever tells you your games art direction is shit, or your game title is stupid, you will never improve it. If you *absolutely* cannot cope with harsh, hurtful criticism, then you probably should not try to make a living from indie game development.
Tip#9 avoid chances for distraction
I used to use rescuetime. I also used to use an hourglass to focus myself on work. I now find I need neither. I’ve worked so hard, so long, I’ve internalized what they used to do for me. Most people aren’t at that stage, and they get distracted. if your phone distracts you from work, switch it off. Nothing will explode. We survived thousands of years without mobile phones, you will be fine for entire eight hour stretches. You don’t need twitter during work hours, you don’t need to check the news sites or reddit during work hours.
If your code takes time to compile or art takes time to render, learn to multi-task with other WORK stuff. Set aside small tasks, like replying to forum threads, easy tech-support emails etc, so you can do them when you are waiting for your work to complete. Schedule other activities that you need to do anyway around times you know you are waiting for your PC. I mow the lawn/chop firewood while my PC renders out youtube videos for me. If my PC needs to reboot and update the O/S I will set it off before I have lunch, or last thing at night.
Avoid situations where your PC is sat there doing something (rendering / compiling / updating) and you have nothing to do but SIT THERE. You will get distracted, your mind-state will collapse, your productivity will plummet.
source: XKCD
Tip#10 Avoid bullshit productivity planning admin
Some peoples reaction to stuff like this is to immediately start planning to be more productive. they will start a productivity planning spreadsheet, with nice formatting, some color-coding and even a company logo, or they will google for inspirational quotes to print out and then stick up around the office. or they will start making an important list of the top ten things they have learned about productivity. They might hop onto discord to chat to fellow devs and share their new found enthusiasm for productivity with their buddies…
This is all bullshit.
The true response to this blog post, which is ending very shortly, is to close your browser. (yes CLOSE it), and do some work. Internalize the *attitude* not the specifics, and actually DO something. In other words, do not become like this classic, absolutely on-topic sketch from the life-of-brian which does a great job of showing exactly what I’m on about.
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Coral Gables Sees Highest Rise In COVID-19 Cases In Four Day Stretch Since April
Concerns have been growing throughout the State of Florida over the upward trend of new COVID-19 cases in the State. Over the weekend, Florida saw three record setting days in a row.
In Miami, Mayor Francis Suarez has taken note of the trend in his City and the County and has started discussing the possible return to a safer-at-home policy to continue to maintain a more flattened curve.
Coral Gables had seen a flattened curve for several weeks. In fact, the City had only seen 23 new cases in 27 days, dating back to May 16th.
However, that seems to be changing. On Friday, Coral Gables saw 3 new cases, its highest single-day rise since May 26th. That was followed by 4 new cases on Saturday, the highest single-day rise since May 15th. An additional two cases were confirmed on Sunday.
This morning, Coral Gables tied its 4th highest daily rise at 6 new COVID-19 cases. Bringing the four-day total to 15. Coral Gables had not seen a four-day rise in the number of confirmed cases of over 13, since April 8th, right at the peak of the pandemic.
The rising numbers come two weeks after Coral Gables closed its testing site, citing lack of necessity for offering residents this service.
17 thoughts on “Coral Gables Sees Highest Rise In COVID-19 Cases In Four Day Stretch Since April
1. We should not shut anything down. Enough! Personal responsibility for everyone, including those that participated in protests and are planning any future protests. From what I witnessed, most did not.
2. Seems to me that the people need to show some discipline for the greater good of their fellow man. If you cannot wear a mask during this times to save lives, then you do not deserve to have the city and businesses open and if business owners feel that they do not have to follow and enforce the rules of the city, that business should be closed and a fine levied on it. People are getting sick, many are dying and all you greedy people can think about is yourself and money.
3. The missing piece seems to be any adequate contact tracing system. Test, trace and isolate are the only ways to prevent community spread. No politician at city, county and state level has shown any interest or knowledge of what Florida is doing with its contact tracing. How can we find this out and lobby for more of it? Some of the millions of unemployed workers could be hired to be contact tracers – we do not have to use Google or Apple apps.
4. Everything should remain opened. If you fear getting the virus, then you stay home. Personal responsibility is a thing. People should be free to make their own decisions.
5. I don’t really care at this point. OPEN EVERYTHING BACK UP! If you get it, you have 99% survival rate. That is better than driving, or other activities we do regularly. The goal was to flatten the curve. We have done that. MOVE ON!
6. I hope the city doesn’t consider shutting down businesses and curtailing our activities again when we let protests/riots go on every day, everywhere (and televised no less) with no consideration for social distancing or masks. All the cities and states have forgotten the pandemic health guidelines in order to allow riots in the streets day in and day out. Enough with the quartentine and leave people be. You can’t ask people to stay home or close their businesses when rioters are allowed in the streets.
7. People need to remember that first, people become infected and may test positive. Then some may end up in a hospital 1-2 weeks later. And, unfortunately, for some death arrives another 1-2 weeks later. If we wait until the rise in number of hospitalizations and deaths is apparent, we will have lost 4 weeks of contact tracing. Those new positive record numbers should really worry us. I hope the Gables takes all the mitigation strategies (face masks, social distancing) and the containment strategies (testing, tracing) seriously.
8. It is unfortunate reality that Covid 19 will be around for quite some time. Having said that, we must learn to live with it. There should be proper enforcement of social distancing guidelines versus shutting businesses down that in turn, is destroying small business owners and the economy as a whole. Hospitalizations have not increased. Many people get sick and 100% asymptomatic. Why shut the economy? The economy remains open when there are flu outbreaks! It is understandable to take drastic measures if hospitals are overwhelmed with covid cases but that is not the case.
9. Every expert repeatedly states that social distancing and masks are necessary to limit the spread of the corona virus. In order to get buy in from the public, we need leadership; which we have on the local level. Unfortunately that cannot be said for the leadership at the state and federal level. Governor DeSantis misleads the public, withholds information, fires people who try publicize the truth, and slavishly follows President Trump’s disastrous leadership in closing the state too late and opening too soon. President Trump refuses to follow the government’s scientists by ignoring social distancing and refusing to wear a mask because it detracts from his manliness. The protests are terrible from a health standpoint. However the fact that these protestors are doing wrong’ does not give the President the right to herd people into a big arena without social distancing and without masks. Maybe his followers are prepared to risk their lives but the other folks in Tulsa do not have any option and are being put in harms way. That is simply wrong and lives are being lost as a result.
10. Seems like people are missing the point. Numbers are obviously going to increase as we open up, demonstrations or no demonstrations. This is the time to test as widely as possible to be able to contact trace and contain another peak. You have to ask yourself wether stopping local testing by the Gables at this time made any sense. It is each individual’s responsibility to wear masks and distance. It is the Gables responsibility to test before we loose control again.
11. Thank you for providing this essential data. We need to know the truth about the number of Covid cases. Armed with the truth, people can then make informed decisions about how best to proceed.
12. We appreciate your comment. The numbers are provided by the State of Florida and not framed in any way. They are provided to our subscribers as they are provided to us. Gables Insider has asked the State for deaths and hospitalization, as well as recovered patients in Coral Gables, but the State will not release this data. If we receive this data in the future, we will provide it. Thank you/
13. You need to stop framing the data this way! It is deceptive and ridiculous. Are there more hospitalizations, deaths??? This virus will be with us for some time. We each have to find ways to mitigate depending on our risk assessment. Protect the vulnerable while the rest get back to work and school. Do you have any idea what this lockdown has done to other illnesses, mental health, domestic violence, etc ??
14. How can any city consider shutting down businesses and curtailing our activities when we allow protests to go on every day with no social distancing or masks? It’s hypocritical when, until recently, people were being fined for gatherings of more than 10 people. However, the cities and states have forgotten the pandemic health guidelines in order to allow protests every day. Now, the cities cannot in good consciousness ask people to close their businesses when they are operating under much more stringent guidelines than those who are allowed by permit to protest.
I respect the right to protest peacefully since it’s our constitutional right and racism is a big problem. The right to protest is our constitutional right. But, the states and cities took away all of our constitutional rights when the pandemic came. Millions of people became unemployed or lost their businesses for the greater good of flattening the curve.
The health safety guidelines should be enforced at the protests. This lack of enforcement is probably what caused a surge in the number of cases. This was not caused by businesses operating safely. Perhaps, if the cities choose to close our businesses again, we should all go out and protest, too. We deserve our constitutional rights and we should not let anyone take them away from us ever again.
15. The solution is not to close up but to enforce wearing masks and social distance. Why are some restaurants packed inside, without social distance and without masks? Why are protesters being allowed to not wear masks??? Enforce the laws, put fines and we will avoid the closing which will kill all of our businesses!
16. Up
Recently tests were only for people 65+ with symptoms. At the same time as we opened the city we opened testing to anyone over 18 with or without symptoms. It would be useful to know if the increase in cases is due to the opening or the expanded testing. Based on the relatively flat hospitalisation rate it would appear that the increase is primarily do increased testing but solid data would really be appreciated by all.
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SOAS University of London
18 April - 17 June 2005
PARADOXES the exhibition explores through text various paradoxes some of which are brief, some quite long, and others relatively (but usually deceivingly) simple yet complex.
A paradox is an apparently true statement that appears to lead to a contradiction or to a situation that defies intuition. For example, take the well-known Epimenides' Paradox.
If his statement is true, it would imply that a Cretan has truthfully asserted that no Cretan has ever spoken a word of truth. Then, however, this very truth would defy his statement and render it false. Epimenides, as a Cretan must be lying, as all Cretans are liars. Epimenides has thus arrived at a logical contradiction, or a paradox. Paradoxes often require a moment's consideration to detect underlying contradictions. They often surround concepts of self-reference, infinity, circular definitions, and confusing reasoning. The recognition of ambiguities, equivocations, and unstated assumptions underlying known paradoxes has led to significant advances in science, philosophy and mathematics. Paradoxes which are not based on a hidden error generally happen at the fringes of context or language, exposing the limitations of assumed language and reason.
Paradoxes are an illustration of the nature of reality evincing that whilst we live in a time when things appear increasingly explainable, logical, and rational - therein lay flaws and anomalies. Though these need not bring down our culturally constructed system, they do cast an uncertain light on our perceived reality.
It seems the more we understand, the less we can ever really know.
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Mutations in six cardiac contractile protein genes cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Most HCM mutations are missense mutations likely to encode stable peptides that incorporate into the sarcomere but then interfere with function (dominant negatives). However, as HCM can also be caused by truncation mutations which may encode no stable protein (null alleles), alterations of the relative amounts of contractile proteins may also cause cardiac hypertrophy. Wild type and truncated human cardiac tropenin T (TnT) were expressed in a novel quail myotube system. Antibody-staining demonstrated incorporation of both wild-type and truncated TnT into the quail sarcomeres. Ca ++-activated force of contraction was normal in transfected myotubes expressing wild type human cardiac TnT, but 80% reduced with the truncated TnT. Thus the truncated TnT is not a null allele, but acts as a dominant negative. In view of this, and a recent report of a missense TnT (Ile79Asn) producing increased velocity in the (unloaded) motility assay, we have studied 3 missense TnT peptides that cause HCM. All 3 were stable and incorporated into the sarcomere. The Ile79Asn mutant caused both depression of max. Ca ++-activated force (by 25%) and a shift of the pCa curve (decreased Ca ++ sensitivity). With increased velocity, but decreased force, we suggest that the mutant TnT acts by shortening the cross-bridge cycle. This is the first indication that the troponin complex can regulate the actin/myosin interaction beyond acting as an on/off switch. To begin to dissect this mechanism we have expressed the mutant TnTs (together with troponins C and I and α-tropomyosin) in E. coli. Analyses of the purified proteins will allow us to examine the TnT-tropomyosin interaction and, by reconstitution, the impact of TnT mutations on the function of the thin filament.
Journal article
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Chapter the First: Autumn
Five Dumbest Reasons Not to Support the Occupy Movement
My God, what’s happened?
—Princess Diana
*We could alienate the very people who might be our supporters.
Reality check: That’s the kind of people you want to suck up to—people who would be offended by a peaceful occupation of a park? With friends like these…
*It’s divisive. It sets up a separation between some kinds of human beings and others, between the 99% and the 1%. It’s not Buddhist enough. It’s not Zen. It’s not spiritual.
Reality Check: The super rich don’t want you. They don’t like you. They don’t need your sympathy. They’ve hired guys to beat you up. They’re not impressed by your attempt at brotherhood. You have lice. That limo coming at you? It isn’t going to slow down.
*They think they’re the first people to ever do this? Where were they back in [whenever] when we were [young]. They have no sense of history. We’ve been slogging away in the trenches all these years.
Reality check: Seriously? You want to emphasize how humorless and old you are? As they say on the television machine, “can I ask you a question? Shut up!”
*I feel left out.
Reality check: Go to a general assembly and tell everyone you need a lot of hugs.
*The Occupiers don’t have clear demands that a capitalist society can enter in a concise capitalist-style checklist and present on TV.
Reality check: Yeah. And yet there they are. Kind of unnerving, isn’t it?
*Dirty hippies. Who’s going to pay the costs of throwing out the personal belongings of the Occupiers? Hazmat suit deployment isn’t cheap.
Reality check: Nazi eugenicists shared your pain in the 1920’s. Obsession with cleanliness, ja. Racial hygiene, check. Nordic purity, check. Dirty Jews, jawohl. Everyone’s dirty who isn’t on our team. We’re pure, and the blond hair with highlights doesn’t hurt. Zer iz uh poopie in ze toilet and vee must scrub it and retain zee anal formation.
*Supposed to get a permit. Supposed to tell your Congressperson. Supposed to get approval. Supposed to think about votes. Supposed to do it the way it’s always been done. Supposed to have leaders.
Reality check: Daddy said no. Now what, little boy?
*Occupying land as an expression of free speech is a non-starter in the courts.
Reality check: Occupying a seat in the front of the bus was a non-starter in white courts. And yet we have all these black people in the fronts of buses now. Funny thing happened on the way to the front of the bus. The most important point about leaders and people who think they’re allowed to judge others is that they’ll follow when they have to. We occupy the space because it’s ethical, not because some rich judge surrounded by lackeys or because some politician surrounded by suitcases of cash from K Street gives permission. You think your soft-palate little democracy ga-ga goo-goo arrangement is the only arrangement of human affairs that exists? We didn’t sign on to yours.
*I want a different percentage number than 99. Some of those 99 are jerks too, you know.
Reality check: Yes dear. Thank-you for sharing. 69 isn’t quite the same somehow.
*OWS is a joke. More bleating. It will fail miserably. Nothing will change. The reason is obvious: the whole point of OWS is to further reinforce the idea that the real power is with the 1%. We have to beg them to change things. We have to demand change from them. They have to agree to it. But it is not the 1% who are bruising us with batons, burning us with chemical sprays, electrocuting us with stun guns, and worse. Who are these cops hiding behind the armor and masks? Are they not our brothers and sisters, uncles and aunts, nieces and nephews and mothers and fathers and cousins? Are they not us?
My response: Ouch. This is the sleeper embedded here in the middle of the article. Hopefully the difference in font size will come through to indicate “sleeper.” Embedded in the article. Embedded, perhaps, in the middle of the movement. The words are those of a man in Argentina with the middle initial F, and the words aren’t dumb. Personally I take the 99/1 split to be about wealth distribution and spectacular greed, but if the movement means that the 99/1 split is that we’re the 99 kids and we have to supplicate the daddy leader, then Middle-F’s right and the power of the movement will be neatly diverted back to the belief in daddies and voting. Back to K Street. Back to the belief that it was Hitler who actually killed people rather than his willing executioners. Back to the belief that Bush was pure evil and tremendously important and we have to get the big O (as Lacan might say) to save us. Seventy-five folks braved rain Wednesday night, for example, to occupy or Occupy the Supremes. Oh-O—the big O again. Reminds me of the great O-Bum in the sky, our anal savior, ja. If these folks were occupying the street because it’s right to get in the way of car culture and its massive systemic violence, and it is, or because it’s fun to walk down the street in the rain, and it is, or they’re occupying some building because there are idiots in it who think they’re the Supremes, and apparently there are, then we have a movement. But if they’re just off to daddy’s house to beg and supplicate, then we’ve got a problem. Washington is a city filled with people who never grew up. These lesser gods are the last people to whom anyone should send pleas, petitions, supplications, or indeed any form of prayer at all. On a purely practical note, it is for this reason that seewalk-the-ungoogleable thinks that while occupying everywhere is a good idea, Washington should be the last place where we should bother. Now back to our regularly scheduled article:
*Plenty of these people in these Occupy encampments are on drugs, use needles, and have mental health problems.
Reality check: Isn’t it great? What a wonderful testimony to the kind of people who Occupy, that the downtrodden and the towntrodden and the messed up feel a sense of belonging and solace here, where there are so many people who can help direct them to social services in a supportive, caring way, or offer a bowl of soup, or just hang out.
*You people can’t count. You said five reasons.
*I can’t walk my dog in the park. Reality check: Oh, you have a dog that doesn’t like kisses and getting petted? That probably is a problem.
David Ker Thomson is a dirty street person with mixed metaphors and an unkempt stable of stock phrases that fall harshly upon the Ontario ear and he hasn’t used shampoo since 2008. His coats have duct-tape patches and he has two sons who swear a lot which and whom he finds cute. He is preparing, for Christmas delivery on the steps of the Cathedral Church of St. James, a jeremiad entitled “I Am a Dirty Man.” He lives the most expensive city—and lives in the most expensive city—in the nation of ’nada, and does so on less than $30,000/year or something. Some do it on far less. He abhors typographical errors. He claims to be the author of “American Friends” (2008) which can now be re-read as an I-told-you-so. dave dot thomson at utoronto dot ca | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9117729067802428}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '10049', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:W2UKVUXA4OKFXEDZWVFKWTK4SORRT2S3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:19e84431-adda-4add-979e-6e8f1869863b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 2, 0, 23, 29), 'WARC-IP-Address': '69.31.42.71', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CUI2FD74KVOO5D5GK6Y3U5SQV4KIRBI4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ab1a48bc-60e7-440e-8f09-5fa76bb1901b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.counterpunch.org/2011/12/09/five-dumbest-reasons-not-to-support-the-occupy-movement/print', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b9d630d8-6c48-4c23-bd7e-351649e1cc22>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1242', 'url': 'http://www.counterpunch.org/2011/12/09/five-dumbest-reasons-not-to-support-the-occupy-movement/print', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.028787970542907715', 'original_id': 'd66750966a346f8b1979113a6189d95f53baf1a47b080aea24e8b8869b1918f2'} |
7 F.Supp.2d 725 (1998)
Janet Diane TALLEY, Plaintiff,
v.
DANEK MEDICAL, INC., Defendant.
C.A. No. 3:95CV816.
United States District Court, E.D. Virginia, Richmond Division.
May 22, 1998.
*726 *727 Lawrence B. Chandler, Jr., Chandler, Franklin & O'Brien, Charlottesville, VA, Mary Ann Barnes, Martin J. McGetrick, Bradford Manson Young, Chandler, Franklin & O'Bryan, Charlottesville, VA, for Janet Diane Talley, plaintiff.
Robert Armistead Angle, Gary J. Spahn, Bradfute Warwick Davenport, Jr., Mays & Valentine, Richmond, VA, Donald H. Green, Pepper, Hamilton & Scheetz, Washington, DC, Michael G. Mulder, Pepper, Hamilton & Scheetz, Philadelphia, PA, Dabney Jefferson Carr, IV, Mays & Valentine, L.L.P., Richmond, VA, George Lehner, Pepper Hamilton, Washington, DC, for Danek Medical, Inc., defendant.
MEMORANDUM
MERHIGE, District Judge.
This matter is before the Court on Defendant's Motion For Summary Judgment pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56. Plaintiff opposes the motion. On May 9, 1998, the Court heard argument on the motion. For the reasons which follow, the Court will GRANT Defendant's motion.
I.
Defendant Danek Medical, Inc. ("Danek") designs, manufactures, and distributes the Danek Dyna-Lok System ("Dyna-Lok Device"), a surgical implant device used to immobilize parts of the human spine in spinal fusion surgery. Plaintiff Janet Diane Talley ("Talley") had a Dyna-Lok Device implanted in her back in 1993 to treat an injury that she had received in a work-related accident. This surgery was the third of four surgeries *728 performed since Talley injured her back in 1992.
A. The Surgeries
The first surgery was performed by Dr. Andrea Wynn in August 1992 to remove a small herniated disc that may have been compressing the nerves in Talley's spine. Because her condition failed to improve, Talley was referred to Dr. Hallett H. Mathews, an orthopedic surgeon. In February 1993, Dr. Mathews removed the L4-5 disc from Talley's back and inserted bone graft to promote fusion, but did not insert an internal fixation device such as the Dyna-Lok Device. Despite this surgery and physical therapy, Talley's back condition did not improve. After conducting a myelogram to identify other problems with Talley's spine, Dr. Mathews concluded that additional back surgery would be necessary this time with an internal fixation device.
Prior to her third operation in October 1993, Talley received and read a pamphlet describing the Dyna-Lok Device. Talley also received, "[g]lanced over,"[1] and signed a consent form. Shortly thereafter, Dr. Mathews removed disc material to decompress the L4-5 and L5-S1 area and successfully implanted the Dyna-Lok Device. As with her previous surgeries, Talley was instructed to avoid excessive exercise or movement for several weeks, to wear a back brace when not in bed, and to generally avoid overusing her back so as not to loosen the screws or the internal fixation device.
Sometime after her third surgery, Talley began experiencing increased pain in her back as well as additional pain in other areas. Dr. Mathews concluded that due to "excess motion, or from bad bone quality, ..., or not adhering to the guidelines after surgery," the bone screw interface had loosened and the loose screws had become a possible "pain generator" for Talley. Mathews Dep. at 92. Dr. Mathews accordingly recommended further back surgery to either tighten the screws and reattach the Dyna-Lok Device to the spine or remove the Dyna-Lok Device altogether. Although Talley now claims that she understood the purpose of the surgery to be to remove the Dyna-Lok Device from her back, the consent form which she signed specifically authorized Dr. Mathews to perform "lumbar exploration of L4-5 with possible removal of Dyna-Lok (Titanium) fixation and possible regrafting with iliac crest autograft." Def.'s Ex. I (emphasis added).
In February 1995, Dr. Mathews performed the fourth operation on Talley's back. Finding the Dyna-Lok Device intact but the screws loose, Dr. Mathews attempted to fuse the vertebrae again by grafting more bone fragments and reattaching the Dyna-Lok Device with larger screws. Post-surgery, Talley was again instructed to minimize physical activity and to wear a back brace. Although Talley appeared to be rehabilitating successfully for several months following surgery, she began to experience increased pain in late 1995. Dr. Mathews attributed the pain to overactivity and the development of arachnoiditis, a nerve injury that is not uncommon among patients who have had multiple back surgeries.
Talley has since been examined by other doctors who have offered differing opinions as to the stability of the Dyna-Lok Device and the screws. Although Talley has been advised to have the Dyna-Lok Device removed, she has thus far refused because such surgery cannot be guaranteed to improve her condition. She instead seeks monetary relief in this Court for her injuries.
B. Dr. Mathews
Dr. Mathews is a board certified orthopedic surgeon with a practice focused almost exclusively on spine surgery. He is an associate professor of orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery at the Medical College of Virginia and he trains resident doctors on the use of internal fixation devices. Prior to Talley's surgery in October 1993, Dr. Mathews had performed approximately 400 spine surgeries with internal fixation devices. Since Talley's surgery, Dr. Mathews has continued to use the Dyna-Lok Device in spinal fusion surgeries.
*729 In addition to his practice and teaching duties, Dr. Mathews is also a consultant to Danek. Since 1991, Dr. Mathews has received substantial monetary compensation[2] from Danek for designing endoscopes and for assisting in efforts to secure FDA approval for the use of endoscopes in the spine work that involves minimally invasive surgery and that which is completely unrelated to the use of internal fixation devices. See Mathews Dep. at 120. Pursuant to the same consulting agreement, Dr. Mathews' office has also acted as a "receptorship site where surgeons would come in and learn surgical techniques from us that involved both Danek products and other products." Mathews Dep. at 135.
Despite this affiliation with Danek, Dr. Mathews has also used internal fixation systems other than the Dyna-Lok Device. See Mathews Dep. at 16. According to Dr. Mathews, determining which system to use depends on the individual patient specifically, "the length of the fusion, the angulation of the spine, or what kind of balance you have to restore. There are many different factors of which system you use." Id. at 16-17. Dr. Mathews does, however, concede that he prefers the Dyna-Lok System because it is "user-friendly", "one of the cheapest systems out there cost wise", "predictable", and "easy to teach". Id.
II.
Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure governs motions for summary judgment. Summary judgment is appropriate only when the Court is satisfied "that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-48, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986); Allstate Fin. Corp. v. Financorp, Inc., 934 F.2d 55, 58 (4th Cir.1991). The moving party has the initial burden of establishing the absence of a genuine issue of fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). In determining whether the moving party has satisfied its burden, the Court considers all inferences drawn from the underlying facts in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion, and resolves all reasonable doubts against the moving party. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255, 106 S.Ct. 2505; Ballinger v. North Carolina Agric. Extension Serv., 815 F.2d 1001, 1004 (4th Cir.1987).
Once the movant has met this burden, and a properly supported motion is before the Court, the non-moving party must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial in order to defeat the motion. Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986); Allstate, 934 F.2d at 58. Summary judgment is proper if, based on the evidence, "a reasonable jury could [not] return a verdict for the non-moving party." Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505; Allstate, 934 F.2d at 58. Summary judgment is not proper, however, where the parties have not been afforded the opportunity to conduct adequate discovery. See Evans v. Technologies Applications & Service Co., 80 F.3d 954, 961 (4th Cir.1996) ("Summary judgment must be refused where the nonmoving party has not had the opportunity to discover information that is essential to its opposition.") (citation omitted).
III.
In this products liability action, Talley has sued Danek on the following legal theories: (1) breach of express and implied warranties, (2) negligence, and (3) fraud. Talley argues that Danek has not specifically moved for summary judgment on her claims of fraud and breach of implied warranty. However, Danek's Motion For Summary Judgment clearly seeks "summary judgment on the claims raised in Plaintiff's Complaint." The Court will therefore address the entire Complaint.
A. Breach of Implied Warranty and Fraud
Danek contends that it is shielded from liability as to Talley's claims for breach of *730 implied warranty (failure to warn) and fraud because: (1) it provided adequate warnings for the Dyna-Lok Device, and (2) Talley was treated by a "learned intermediary"[3] who was aware of the risks associated with the Dyna-Lok Device. Talley argues, however, that evidence of Dr. Mathews' financial arrangement with Danek seriously calls into question whether he lacked "the independent professional judgment" that is purportedly required before the Learned Intermediary Doctrine applies.
Under the Learned Intermediary Doctrine, manufacturers of prescription medical products have a duty only to warn physicians, rather than patients, of the risks associated with the use of the product. See Stanback v. Parke, Davis & Co., 657 F.2d 642 (4th Cir.1981); Pfizer, Inc. v. Jones, 221 Va. 681, 684, 272 S.E.2d 43 (1980). As spinal fixation devices are "available only upon prescription of a duly licensed physician, the warning required is not to the general public or to the patient, but to the prescribing doctor." See Rosci v. AcroMed, Inc., 447 Pa.Super. 403, 422, 669 A.2d 959 (1995)(bone screw case).
Thus, when adequate information is provided to the physician, the manufacturer will not be held liable despite the physician's failure to give notice to the patient. See Stanback, 657 F.2d at 645. Such information may be provided to the physician through the manufacturer's package insert. See Barnette v. E.R. Squibb & Sons. Inc., 670 F.Supp. 650, 651 (E.D.Va.1987). Even if the manufacturer provides inadequate information, however, the manufacturer will not be liable if the plaintiff's physician independently knew of the risks and failed to advise the plaintiff. See Stanback, 657 F.2d at 645. Hence, a plaintiff must not only show that a manufacturer's warning was inadequate, but that such inadequacy affected the prescribing physician's use of the product and thereby injured the plaintiff. See id. at 645-46.
In the instant case, Talley does not contend that Danek's package insert was inadequate to warn of the medical risks and complications associated with use of the Dyna-Lok Device. Talley also does not assert that Dr. Mathews was unaware of the risks associated with the use of the Dyna-Lok Device. The package insert and Dr. Mathews' own deposition testimony would clearly refute any such arguments. See Def.'s Ex. B(4); Def.'s Ex. C at 27-31. Talley does argue, however, that Dr. Mathews' consulting relationship with Danek affected his "independent professional judgment", thereby rendering the Learned Intermediary Doctrine inapplicable in her case.
A review of existing case law does not support Talley's argument. The Learned Intermediary Doctrine is specifically limited to the manufacturer's duty to provide an adequate warning to the treating physician. Neither the Virginia cases applying the doctrine nor the authority cited by Talley require that there be a showing that the manufacturer also establish that the physician's judgment be "independent." Furthermore, as correctly noted by Danek, it is the physician's duty to the patient, as dictated by medical ethics and practice, to act independently and intervene between the patient and device manufacturer. See Hill v. Searle Labs., 884 F.2d 1064, 1070 (8th Cir. 1989); Swayze v. McNeil Labs., Inc., 807 F.2d 464, 471 (5th Cir.1987). Where, as here, there is an alleged conflict of interest that affects the physician's duty to exercise "independent professional judgment" on the patient's behalf, it is the physician who would be held liable to the patient for any violation of that duty not the device manufacturer.
As noted previously, it is clear that Danek provided appropriate and adequate warnings. Furthermore, other than sheer conjecture, Talley has provided no evidence that Dr. Mathews' consulting agreement with Danek improperly influenced his decision to use the Dyna-Lok Device. Dr. Mathews himself testified that although he prefers the Dyna-Lok System, he does use other internal fixation systems in spinal fusion surgeries the choice of which depends on the particular *731 patient. See Mathews Dep. at 16-17. Thus, even viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to Talley, the Court finds that Dr. Mathews qualifies as a "learned intermediary" who made an informed and "individualized medical judgment bottomed on a knowledge of both patient and palliative." Stanback, 657 F.2d at 644 n. 2. If Dr. Mathews was in fact influenced to use the Dyna-Lok Device because of his financial arrangement with Danek, the more appropriate course would be to pursue a claim against Dr. Mathews.
In any event, the Court finds that the Learned Intermediary Doctrine applies to the instant case, barring Talley's claims for breach of implied warranty (failure to warn) and fraud. Accordingly, the Court will GRANT Danek's Motion For Summary Judgment as to these claims.
B. Negligence[4]
Danek also asserts that it is entitled to summary judgment on Talley's breach of implied warranty and negligence-based products liability claims, arguing that there is no genuine dispute over whether the Dyna-Lok Device was (1) defective and (2) the cause of Talley's injuries. Because the Court now concludes that there is insufficient evidence as a matter of law to support Talley's product defect allegation, the Court does not reach the question of whether the Dyna-Lok Device caused Talley's injuries.
"To prevail in a products liability case under Virginia law, the plaintiff must prove that the product contained a defect which rendered it unreasonably dangerous for ordinary or foreseeable use." Alevromagiros v. Hechinger Co., 993 F.2d 417, 420 (4th Cir.1993); see also Logan v. Montgomery Ward & Co., 216 Va. 425, 428, 219 S.E.2d 685 (1975). When determining whether the plaintiff has satisfied this burden, the Court must keep in mind that a manufacturer is not required to adopt the safest conceivable design. See Redman v. John D. Brush & Co., 111 F.3d 1174, 1177 (4th Cir.1997). Rather, a manufacturer is only required to design products that meet prevailing safety standards at the time the product is made. See id. at 1177-78 (citation omitted). "When deciding whether a product's design meets those standards, a court should consider whether the product fails to satisfy applicable industry standards, applicable government standards, or reasonable consumer expectations." Id. at 1178 (citing Alevromagiros, 993 F.2d at 420). A product can be considered defective only when it is "measured against concrete standards and expectations, and falls short of these criteria." Mears v. General Motors Corp., 896 F.Supp. 548, 553 (E.D.Va.1995). Although the issue of defective design is generally left for the jury, the defendant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law if the plaintiff fails to show a violation of a prevailing safety standard. See, e.g., Redman, 111 F.3d at 1183; Alevromagiros, 993 F.2d at 421.
To establish product defect in the instant case, Talley offers the testimony of *732 Dr. Harold Alexander, Ph.D.,[5] an expert in the field of orthopedic bioengineering, and Dr. Franklyn S. O'Rourke, M.D., a board certified orthopedic surgery. Even viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to Talley, however, neither expert has cited any safety standard that the Dyna-Lok Device purportedly violates. In fact, some of Talley's own experts have testified that attaching internal fixation devices to the pedicles of the spine via bone screws is widespread in the medical community and not below the standard of care. See Def.'s Mot.Ex. R at 1-2 (Alexander Report); Cherrick Dep. at 25, 35.[6]
Moreover, none of Talley's experts have been able to identify any defect in the design of the Dyna-Lok Device. Dr. Alexander simply opines that there is considerable dispute over whether the use of an internal fixation device in spinal fusion surgery provides any tangible benefit over surgery without such a device. As Talley concedes, this information, standing alone, "is not proof that the instrumentation was unreasonably dangerous in design. However, the increased risks that accompanied the use of the instrumentation do show a genuine dispute on the issue of unreasonable danger." Pl.'s Resp. at 17. Given Judge Bechtle's ruling that Dr. Alexander is not qualified to offer opinions regarding clinical complications of pedicle fixation, however, Dr. Alexander's opinions on this issue are immaterial. Thus, Dr. Alexander's report does not raise a genuine issue of material fact with respect to Talley's claim that the Dyna-Lok Device contained a design defect.
The report and deposition testimony of Dr. O'Rourke also do not establish that the Dyna-Lok Device contained a design defect. Dr. O'Rourke has opined that (1) a properly designed internal fixation device should not loosen under the rigor of normal, day-to-day activities and exercise; (2) the screws used in Talley's surgeries were not designed to be implanted in the pedicles of the spine; and (3) the thread depth of those same screws were not deep enough. In support of these opinions, however, Dr. O'Rourke has offered no "evidence such as test data or relevant literature in the field." Alevromagiros, 993 F.2d at 422. In fact, Dr. O'Rourke concedes that (1) he is only vaguely familiar with the Dyna-Lok Device, has never used it, and has no knowledge of the warnings or instructions provided with it; (2) there are certain cases in which pedicle screws could and should be used, including "where it provides an advantage over the hooks and rods, or other systems"[7]; and (3) he did not examine the thread depth of the screws that were available to Dr. Mathews when he performed Talley's surgeries nor did he review any literature related to the thread depth or engineering of the threads on the screws used in Talley's surgeries. See O'Rourke Dep. at 12, 14, 16; Pl.'s Resp.Ex. C. at 11 (O'Rourke Report); O'Rourke Dep. at 131. Without more, Dr. O'Rourke's statements amount to nothing more than subjective opinions which are clearly insufficient to withstand a motion for summary judgment. See Alevromagiros, 993 F.2d at 421 (holding that an expert's own subjective opinion is insufficient to defeat summary judgment).
Because Talley has failed to come forth with admissible evidence which would permit a jury to conclude that the Dyna-Lok Device was defectively designed, the Court finds that Danek's Motion For Summary Judgment must be granted.
*733 C. Breach of Express Warranty
As a final matter, Danek argues that Talley's breach of express warranty claim must fail because there is no evidence that Danek extended any such warranty to Talley. In response, Talley asserts that due to his consulting agreement with Danek, Dr. Mathews should be treated as an agent for Danek and thus, any statements he made or information he provided should be attributed to Danek.[8]
Having previously rejected Talley's argument that Dr. Mathews does not qualify as a "learned intermediary" due to his consulting relationship with Danek, the Court also rejects Talley's argument that Dr. Mathews should be treated as an agent for Danek by virtue of that same relationship. As noted by Danek in its Reply, "there is absolutely no evidence in this record of any actual or apparent agency relationship between Danek and Dr. Mathews regarding the sale or promotion of the Device." Def.'s Reply at 16. Thus, any statements allegedly made by Dr. Mathews to Talley regarding the Dyna-Lok Device cannot be attributed to Danek. Similarly, any information provided by Dr. Mathews' office cannot be imputed to Danek as "[an] affirmation of fact or promise made by the seller to the buyer which relates to the goods and becomes part of the basis of the bargain"[9] absent a showing that Danek itself provided that information.[10]
Based on the foregoing, the Court finds that Talley has failed to establish that a genuine dispute exists over whether Danek expressly warranted to Talley that the Dyna-Lok Device would stabilize her spine. Accordingly, the Court will GRANT summary judgment as to this claim as well.
IV.
Talley has failed to set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial in order to defeat Danek's Motion For Summary Judgment. Accordingly, the Court will GRANT summary judgment as a matter of law on all counts of the Complaint.
NOTES
[1] Talley Dep. at 67.
[2] In addition to receiving an annual consulting fee, travel budget, and research funds, Dr. Mathews has also received 25,000 shares of stock (now 50,000 shares after a stock split) in Danek Group, Inc., a company closely affiliated with Danek. See Mathews Dep. at 159-160.
[3] In the Fourth Circuit, physicians are generally considered "learned intermediaries". See Stanback v. Parke, Davis & Co., 657 F.2d 642 (4th Cir.1981); Brooks v. Medtronic, Inc., 750 F.2d 1227 (4th Cir.1984).
[4] Talley also argues that Danek illegally promoted the Dyna-Lok Device for use in the pedicles of the spine in violation of the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ("FDCA") and thus, is negligent per se under Virginia law. In Virginia, "violation of a statute or ordinance constitutes negligence per se" so long as "the injured person is a member of a class for whose benefit the legislation was enacted." Butler v. Frieden, 208 Va. 352, 353, 158 S.E.2d 121 (1967).
Talley's sole support for this argument is the report of Dr. Carl A. Larson, Ph.D., who formerly worked for the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"). See Pl.'s Resp. Ex. F. Upon thorough review, however, the Court finds that the report is clearly insufficient to create a genuine dispute on the question of negligence per se. Dr. Larson's entire report consists of general and conclusory allegations regarding the practices of pedicle screw manufacturers in general. At no point does Dr. Larson mention Danek by name, specify any conduct by Danek that purportedly violated the FDCA, or provide any evidence that Danek was either involved in the promotion of bone screws for use in the pedicles of the spine or failed to comply with FDA promotion and labeling requirements.
Moreover, the FDCA expressly prohibits the bringing of a private cause of action under the Act. See 21 U.S.C. § 337(a). To allow a state negligence per se action based upon alleged violations of the FDCA would defeat the purpose of that prohibition. Accordingly, the Court finds that Danek is entitled to summary judgment on Talley's FDCA-based negligence per se claim.
[5] Dr. Alexander's report was first presented in the MDL proceeding where Judge Bechtle ruled that "Dr. Alexander's background and experience qualify him to testify on matters concerning orthopedic bioengineering and its related disciplines, which in this case generally means how pedicle screws function in the human body and how the human body functionally, but not medically, responds to pedicle screws." In re Orthopedic Bone Screw Products Liability Litigation, 1997 WL 39583 *3 (E.D.Pa.1997). Judge Bechtle also ruled, however, that Dr. Alexander was not qualified to render opinions on "issues relating to the Food and Drug Administration's [] regulations, products liability law, conflicts of interest, and clinical complications of pedicle fixation." Id. at *2.
[6] Dr. Abraham A. Cherrick, M.D., is a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation. He is not an orthopedic surgeon or neurosurgeon. See Cherrick Dep. at 17-18.
[7] Pl.'s Resp.Ex. C at 11 (O'Rourke Report).
[8] Specifically, Talley claims that (1) Dr. Mathews stated that "the instrumentation would stabilize her spine"; and (2) Dr. Mathews' office provided Talley with a printed pamphlet which stated that the instrumentation would "stabilize the spine." See Pl.'s Resp. at 28-29.
[9] Va.Code Ann. § 8.2-313(1)(a).
[10] With respect to the pamphlet, Talley admitted that she did not know who printed the pamphlet, whether Danek printed it, or whether the pamphlet contained any warranty language that she subsequently relied upon. See Talley Dep. at 64-65.
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Category: . | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '68', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.938214123249054}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '50069', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GZJN5DBDP5JRFKGW66NI7FIX3OBYVFYR', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:25a01706-f337-4446-af4a-4b85a9c1e619>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 22, 22, 23, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.124.249.156', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MLMA65SKPQRM7GWLROBGPY46C3V4OAZP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2a36d2da-3efd-48ff-8a6a-54e28e065d57>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.mevotech.com/product/supreme/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7a21bcb7-6c4d-4e08-8ed1-939eabfcec6e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '127', 'url': 'http://www.mevotech.com/product/supreme/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-13-253-122.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.035134077072143555', 'original_id': 'd57cf9166032adc67ab7d92fe6bb957599e10858f5e3bb142496b15592af19cf'} |
Check out Caroline Picard’s interview with the Chicago writer (and Bad at Sports’ literary correspondent) Terri Griffith on The Lantern Daily about Griffith’s book So Much Better. Here’s a brief excerpt from their conversation; read the full interview here.
CP: Could you talk a little about what your process for writing this book was like? How long were you working on So Much Better? How did you “discover†the characters? And really, what’s up with a credit union?
TG: So Much Better is my third stab at trying to write about a story I read in the Seattle Times, or maybe it was the Post-Intelligencer. It was about a woman, a middle class, white woman, wearing nice department store clothes and high-end make-up, who was found dead in a hotel room. She had committed suicide and had been dead a few days before they found her. The thing about the article that struck me was what the detective said. He said that about once a year, woman just like her turned up dead. A woman who by all outward measure wouldn’t be considered disenfranchised, but somehow was. A woman who was never reported missing. This is the idea that plagued me. How do you live in this world and arrive at a place where no one would know you are gone? What about work or family? Oddly, I still haven’t written this particular story. But certainly my protagonist Liz knows exactly what it means to have no ties. The Credit Union? My girlfriend worked for a credit union. She was a really bad teller because her drawer never balanced at the end of the day. Just off by a penny or two, but they don’t care in banking. It didn’t matter that she blew everyone out of the water on the Federal regulation tests. At the end of the day, your drawer has to balance. Credit Unions are really popular in The Pacific Northwest. I’ve been a Credit Union member for twenty years. Actually, I still do all my banking at my college Credit Union. I am crazy obsessed with people’s job. I love to listen to people’s work stories. Work is like our second family, and for some people it’s their first. There needs to be more stories about office life. Netflix tells me my favorite shows are “witty workplace comedies.†There are a few books that I really love that I consider in the same vein as So Much Better. Something Happened, by Joseph Heller. Death of the Author, by Gilbert Adair. Also Julie Hecht’s Do the Window’s Open? They are all empty books, with isolated protagonists who are tied to their work. (Read More).
Claudine Isé
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\section{Horizontal Section of Cartesian Product}
Tags: Horizontal Section of Sets, Cartesian Product
\begin{theorem}
Let $X$ and $Y$ be sets.
Let $A \subseteq X$ and $B \subseteq Y$, so that $A \times B \subseteq X \times Y$.
Let $y \in Y$.
Then:
:$\paren {A \times B}^y = \begin{cases}A & y \in B \\ \O & y \not \in B\end{cases}$
where $\paren {A \times B}^y$ is a horizontal section of $A \times B$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $y \in B$.
From the definition of the horizontal section, we have:
:$x \in \paren {A \times B}^y$
{{iff}}:
:$\tuple {x, y} \in A \times B$
Since $y \in B$, this equivalent to:
:$x \in A$
So:
:$x \in \paren {A \times B}^y$ {{iff}} $x \in A$
giving:
:$\paren {A \times B}^y = A$ if $y \in B$.
Now let $y \in Y \setminus B$.
So, by the definition of set difference, we have $y \in Y$ and $y \not \in B$.
As before, we have:
:$x \in \paren {A \times B}^y$
{{iff}}:
:$\tuple {x, y} \in A \times B$
But this is equivalent to:
:$x \in A$ and $y \in B$.
Since $y \not \in B$, there exists no $x \in \paren {A \times B}^y$.
So:
:$\paren {A \times B}^y = \O$ if $y \not \in B$.
{{qed}}
Category:Horizontal Section of Sets
Category:Cartesian Product
\end{proof}
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Friday, January 2, 2015
Americans Drink More During the Winter Season
I ran a cross an article the other day about the drinking habits of Americans. It seems that we do more drinking during the winter months than any other time of the year. It is an interesting article based on data collected by BACTrack, the makers of breath analyzers.
December through March is the peak drinking season in the United States, with the average blood alcohol content (BAC) above the legal limit over 35 percent of the time, according to a report by BACtrack.
"Our goal is to shed light on alcohol consumption habits so consumers can make smarter decisions when drinking," Keith Nothacker, president of BACtrack, said in a statement. "We hope this report will make consumers more aware of how much alcohol they consume when at a bar with friends or while drinking egg nog at a holiday party so they can ultimately stay safe."
Drinkers Stay Warm with Alcohol: Most Alcohol Consumed During Winter Months. BACtrack found that between December 1st and March 31st, the average BAC is higher than any other time of the year. The average BAC is above 0.06% nearly 75 percent of days during this time period; the rest of the year, the average BAC is above 0.06% only 50 percent of days. More than five out of every seven days have an average BAC above 0.06%.
What makes this particularly interesting is that research shows drinkers are "buzzed" and experience stimulating effects such as increased energy and self-confidence when they have a BAC of 0.055% or lower. At 0.06%, drinkers reach peak stimulation and the euphoric effects of alcohol take place. Once drinkers surpass the 0.06% threshold, the depressant effects of alcohol, such as fatigue, lack of balance and poor coordination, begin to kick in and they're more likely to appear "drunk" to those around them. They are also more likely to have horrible hangovers.
The days with the highest average include:
December 6th and 7th (0.087% and 0.088%)
New Year's Eve (0.094%)
January 18th and 19th (0.090% and 0.088%)
January 25th (0.093%)
Super Bowl Weekend - February 1st and 2nd (0.090% and 0.091%)
February 15th - the day after Valentine's Day (0.092%)
March 7th and 8th (0.088% and 0.088%)
St. Patrick's Day Weekend - March 14th and 15th (0.087% and 0.094%)
The only other day out of the entire year with an average BAC of 0.08% or higher in 2014 was the Saturday before Cinco de Mayo - May 3rd (0.090%)
I guess that the cold weather and having to spend so much more time indoors really has an effect on Americans. The article show that the East drinks more than the west and This is some very interesting information and it gives us a perspective on the drinking habits of Americans. December is the month with the highest consumption, something that I understand with the advent of the loss of daylight savings time and darkness greeting you as you arrive home from work. Cold weather is also setting in and it is a bit depressing not seeing the daylight except during working hours.
Oh well, December is over and we're are starting a new year. The days are gaining daylight at the rate of about a minute a day. All is getting better and the outdoors will soon be a part of our daily routine shortly. ;o) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '25', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9569117426872252}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '1049040', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:UYNCFU52PWAH6QSINAPFPVBRDXCBG2TO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1cb85c34-be73-4cec-97f0-71e3f463c46e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 14, 8, 39, 53), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.8.1', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ECLFJJHYL2MGKFXLB4SWETR75FMSQAEB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c89dd4b1-54c7-437a-8af1-7210160cd507>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://bahamabobsrumstyles.blogspot.com/2015_01_02_archive.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:91f102f4-7b77-4218-b26c-031a885df1ca>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '578', 'url': 'http://bahamabobsrumstyles.blogspot.com/2015_01_02_archive.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-188.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.023790299892425537', 'original_id': '7b9c700d87cb54ebde1844abd7c2b4d66e9e01f0a7edc0fd945cd5c49e663a62'} |
Sunday, May 29, 2011
Hello Weeeezards!
Ronan here with some thoughts on pvp and the new updates.
For those of you who dont know me, I love pvp and I love my pvp team.
I have been around for a while to watch pvp grow from good to better, and from balanced to unbalanced. In this post I will be talking about what I think current pvp problems are and what i think would fix these problems. I would also love a little feedback from anyone reading this.
Here I bring up the first problem. Diego is always eager to talk about pvp tutorials and advanced combat, yet we have had warlords running around since the arena became the popular sport and our current gear offered from him falls short at the status of Commander gear. This gear was great for a long long time, but with the introduction of gargantuan, criticals, blocks, and insane healing boost percentages I feel this gear is obsolete. If you have been involved in the arena you know what i am talking about when i say the tickets we get for victorys and losses have little or no value after a certain point.
Pvp is about healthy competition, friendship, teamwork, strategy, relaxation, adrenaline rushes, pride ( lol), and an opportunity to put your hard working wizards and hard farmed gear to the test. These are all wonderful things, yet overtime I feel that an incentive to pvp has been lost.
PC ( our pvp team ) has seen fewer and fewer teams out there in ranked 4v4 and its gotten to the point where out last 20 matches in ranked have given rewards ranging from 0 rank per victory to 7 rank per victory. what does this mean? It means that there simply arent teams with high ranks competing anylonger. why? I dont know, maybe if KI introduced something to work for, something extra special to obtain through pvp successes we would see some of the old pvpers back at it.
Until then, I challenge you to get to the Arena! there is TONS of rank out there to be had. honestly the advantage is all yours. If you get ranked up against a full team of warlords you will not lose any rank if your beginners. you will simply have the opportunity to gain rank. about 26 or so ranking points can be won when a private beats a warlord. the benefits are still there for you if you havent started. I am here to talk about the brick wall our team is trying to smash through though. Bottom line... KI we need some Warlord gear. get the old warriors back into the arena and claim something great. claim Warlord gear, claim new tropheys, claim titles and arena ticket items that have not yet been introduced to W101. We have tickets, the demand is high, where is our supply?
current 4v4 matches taking place on a FRIDAY night!
and this was the total 1v1 matches taking place on that same Friday. 15 matches!!!
KI has well over 10 million registered players and less than 100 people are in the arena??
dont get me wrong, W101 is a top rate game and my all time favorite. PVP has just been overlooked and there is not really an argument there.
Yes yes the WW ( waterworks) gear is lovely yet it lacks things true Warlord gear should provide.
for starters, Life, Death, and Balance wizards get 0% accuracy from the WW gear?
sure you could luck out and get a super nice pvp pet with sharp shot, proof, defy, spritely....but is that really making up for what our gear is lacking?
There were a few other things that kinda baffled me with these updates ( btw I love these updates, they were some of the best KI ever made. I am just here to focus on the PVP problems)
It is very interesting that some school not only got an increase in accuracy but their great accuracy changed from class specific acc. to universal acc. a fire hat that gave 8% fire accuracy before now gives 8% accuracy all the way around the table.
not only did balance, life, and death not get class accuracy but they are much much more likely to fizzle on a heal than the other wizards are.
Just think about this.
If 2 wizards were using the current WW gear to pvp, say a life were to vs a fire in 1v1.
say they both needed to heal because they beat eachother up. the life wizard would cast a satyr and have a 90% chance to succesfully heal themselves.
but the fire wizard will cast the spell from the life school, and his/her satyr will have somewhere around a 97%-104% chance to successfully cast the card.
Maybe i am just crazy but shouldt the Life wizard cast its own class spells more efficiently than a wizard of another class? It only makes sense....right?
Up next.....something that made me GASP!
Looooook at the number of people in practice pvp!! 307 matches! some of these are 1v1 some are 4v4! that is a LOT more people than ranked has to offer! still low for a Friday night right? well guess what.... I took this picture at 4:47 am central time on a Sunday morning!
what does this mean? People LOVE pvp. Ranked has nothing to offer past commander gear.
How do we get KI to update pvp? simple! we go pvp!
These guys have the idea! get out there and pvp!
1 comment:
1. Yeah, some of the gobblers there ruined the pvp for me. So I never go in there unless for watching a match :) I use to pvp on my Balance character, and as mentioned gobblers ruined it. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9657350182533264}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '63767', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MIB76J4VW7NH5CTNVLKY3YO47A5DQFGH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b264114a-de13-4bfa-9170-510e3cf354f6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 5, 31, 11, 6, 35), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.2.97', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HGR2WE3SXV7YYZHLRBYD5HORMYM3EZZ7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2b053aab-3c4f-4261-928d-f39bc47c540d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://ronandawn.blogspot.com/2011/05/pvp.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d1c34a90-7aa1-4292-8716-b01b96a21717>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '965', 'url': 'http://ronandawn.blogspot.com/2011/05/pvp.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-24\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May/June 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-88.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.022462844848632812', 'original_id': '42430785f3aa5ce0a80e17a1b8bd772a00b139b9e8d2d21dd2728133237986b4'} |
When nerves snap at Sygma
29th July 2003, Comments 0 comments
French photographic agency Sygma is respected world-wide for the quality of its images and the professionalism of its photographers. But staff at the agency say its very existence is under threat from tough new working rules imposed by Sygma’s latest owner, Bill Gates.
Microsoft founder Bill Gates has a well-earned reputation for being stubborn. But then so do French photographers, especially ones who have worked in war zones, in totalitarian countries and in the white-knuckled scrums of Europe's fashion shows.
The question is: Who will win the battle of wills currently taking place at Gates's Corbis Sygma news photography agency - a battle that highlights a conflict between US corporate culture and a profession built on a mix of art and adrenaline?
The 191 employees of the Paris-based agency are under no illusions. Told two months ago that half of them are to be sacked - including the 42 photographers, who have been asked to set up independent companies to work as "freelancers" for the company - they have been on strike since early last week, not for their jobs, but for a "decent" severance package.
The administrative staff of Corbis Sygma will know who is to be let go this week.
Several of the photographers have already left, fed up with what they see as US business ruthlessness riding roughshod over their craft.
"Bill Gates, gravedigger of photojournalism" and "No to a photo agency without photographers" read some of the slogans stuck to the outside of the agency's headquarters in east Paris.
"We're making news, not covering it," says one striking photographer.
But the management is sticking to its guns, backed to the hilt by Corbis head office in the US city of Seattle, where Gates lives.
The Microsoft billionaire, who reportedly got the idea of building a company that would sell digital photos and art through the internet after installing flat screens in his mansion to display such images, wants the French subsidiary to do things his way.
In particular, he wants to turn around a loss that totalled EUR9.91 million in 2000 on a turnover of EUR17.5 million.
That means no more contracts sealed with a handshake and a verbal understanding, new freelance terms for photographers rather than expensive fixed employee costs, the archive use of pictures, and wresting more copyright control over the photos away from the photographers so the images can be altered or sold to clients for use on, say, greeting cards.
These are terms widely accepted in US companies, including Corbis's much-bigger rival, Getty Images.
Inside the agency's offices - where managers are refusing to comment - an email from Corbis Worldwide is tacked up: "A restructuring is always painful, but we are confident the course we are taking will ultimately prove best for the company."
But for the French photographers, it is not just a question of money or salary - it is about the integrity of their profession and recognition of their proprietary rights over what they have sometimes risked their lives doing. And French law has, in the past, been largely favourable to creators of intellectual property "products" against companies claiming a licence to them.
The face-off could mean Corbis Sygma, which Gates formed when he bought the respected Sygma agency in June 1999, will lose its prime attribute: experienced photojournalists whose high-quality pictures of current events have graced the pages of many magazines, such as Time and Fortune.
Since 1973, Sygma photographers have covered every major conflict and newsworthy event, making it a logical addition to the stable of speciality sport, art and celebrity agencies Corbis acquired in a buying spree in the 1990s.
As one employee says: "Sygma is dead".
Another was more measured. "We're concerned, but still determined," he says. It is a battle, though, that seems to be drawing to an unsatisfactory end for all involved.
In the meantime, the employees are going on with their protests: one day, sticking paper zeroes to their clothes to mock management grading systems, another day, blowing referees' whistles and displaying soccer red cards.
Twenty of the photographers have even posed nude, holding their press cards in front of their groins for a book they say will be called "Corbis photographers stripped bare".
January 2002
© Agence France Presse
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Mass Effect 3 SuperGuide
Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence
for PS2.
Publisher: Konami
Genre: Action
Release Date: Mar 14, 2006
ESRB Rating: Mature
1UP'S Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence Game Page
SuperGuide Help
Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence Walkthrough and Strategy Wiki SuperGuide
Jan 11, 2008
1: Starting Out
Jan 10, 2008
Edit | History | Contributors
Servers and Menus
The first thing you'll see when you log on to Metal Gear Online will be the Lobby menu. There are currently 8 lobbies (as of June 2006). Inside, you're given six options from the Lobby Menu: Quick Join, Join Game, and Host Game are what we want to focus on for now. Quick Join finds you a game in any mode you want at the moment. Say you choose Sneak Mode from the Quick Join menu; you'll automatically be sent to a Sneaking Mission game. If there are no Sneaking Mission games available (either because all the games are full or there are no hosted games up), you'll be given an error message. Quick Join, while fast and convenient, could either put you in a game with guys who aren't all that good, put you into a game with guys who are too good, or put you into a game with special rules (shotguns only for example). As a new player, you'd best avoid it, and as an expert player, you're better off hosting your own game. Play the game for a little while before you move on.
Highlighting and selecting the game will give you the options to check the people inside the game, and the modes the game has been hosted to play.
There are several different ways of moving around in Metal Gear Online. There is your normal run, done by holding your analog stick forward. Your casual walk, done by tilting the analog stick just a little bit in the direction you wish to move. Pressing X will cause your character to crouch down, and attempting to move while crouched will result in a prone. By using the D-Pad instead of the analog stick, you can sneak which reduces the sound your character makes when they move. Sneaking can also be done while climbing up and down a ladder. You might also want to consider using the box to get low and move around. You can't crouch and run unless you're using the box. Just be sure to stay out of open ground while doing this.
Autolocking and Aiming
There are two ways to aim at your foes: holding the L1 button when your enemy is within good range of your character, or using R1 to look in first-person view (FPV). A good idea is to learn when to use autolock, and when to use FPV. When you first start out, you should try focusing on autolocking. As time goes by, switch to FPV. Your bullets go right down the middle of your screen, so place your enemy's head right in the middle and release. Sometimes, you'll need to lift your gun up just a little bit. Some players have even marked a dot on their screen using a crayon or little sticker. Whether this is cheating or not varies between people (I'd say so myself in an actual game), but try using it in a game all by yourself and removing it during actual battles. This will help you adjust to your bullets, but also ensure that you won't need to rely on handicaps.
Settings and Options
After playing enough to understand the game and the overall flow of a single round, now would be a good time to set all of your options. You can do this from the lobby and in-game menu. First off, the basic option; switch speed. Regardless of whether you are trying to headshot all the time or not, setting Switch Speed to 10 is important. Anything lower and you'll feel slower going into FPV when the time comes to aim at your opponent's head. Camera Speed at 10 is also a good idea. It's important to be able to cover a wide area as fast as possible, and by having a fast camera, you can watch your front and back at the same time. Now for Aiming Speed: at 10, you can get fast headshots, but being able to control the gun at such a high speed is important. Start off by switching your speed to 6. Then, as time goes by, switch it to 7, and continue until you can control your weapon in FPV at 10.
Adjust the aiming speed and control to your liking for your best game possible.
Inventory Types
There are three kinds of inventory types you can select from to use in either your item inventory or weapon inventory. "Equip/Unequip" is just like the traditional Metal Gear Solid games, but also the most worthless. "Flashback" cycles between two different weapons at a time, and "Cycle" lets you scroll between three weapons of your choice. With Cycle, you can carry more at once, but switching between items and weapons is much slower this way. With Flashback, you can swap between two weapons really quick, but you can't carry anymore then that. It all depends on how you plan to use your weapons and items. Use Cycle if you plan to do a lot of switching; use Flashback if you want to switch between items faster.
EQUIP/UNEQUIP: - The same inventory system from previous Metal Gear Solid games. Tapping removes your currently equiped weapon. Tapping again equips it.
FLASHBACK: Allows two items to be carried at once. Scroll to the weapon you want to use along with your currently equiped weapon. Good for using the shotgun. Tap the R2 button to switch between weapons.
CYCLE: - Toggles between three different weapons. Can carry all of your starting items (Prim, Sec, Support) at once using an alphabet system (A, B, C). To swap an item, activate the inventory screen and switch to another weapon. The selected weapon will end up in the previous weapon's position. Tap the R2 button to scroll through your weapons.
Keyboard, Adlib and Headset are the game's ways of communicating between teammates. "Keyboard" is most players' choice in MGO, as its speed is the most beneficial. Just begin typing, and press the Enter key to send your message. However, make sure you're talking to your teammates and not everyone in the room (you can switch back and forth with a press of the Tab key). To use the headset, hold down the Select button and talk away. If you do not hear a radio noise go off on the hearing piece of your mic, release and wait to see if someone is trying to talk. If you get the headset icon on your screen to light up, but get no radio noise, keep it held then try again after you hear the radio sound go off. Finally, the Adlibs: tap and use the D-Pad to choose which command you would like to shout. It's the least efficient, though, since you can't activate your inventory and shout Adlibs at the same time.
Joining a Game
Before you join the game, highlight it and check the comment. It usually takes a few seconds, but you'll see a comment window pop up. Check to see if there are any special rules. Then, select the game with the press of the O button, and check the player list. From here, you can select the player names and look at their stats. Do this to ensure you're joining the right game.
Keyboard Fellows
There are a lot of different Adlibs to use, but did you know there are some hidden ones as well? For a list of Adlibs activated by the keyboard, download the complete Konami MGO Manual (http://www.konami.com/gs/patches/MGS3S_manual.pdf). And don't forget, you can also program your own F-key shortcuts through the option menu.
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Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence SUPERGUIDE CONTENTS
Add New Section Re-order Sections
Introduction Edit
Page 1 1: Starting Out Edit
Page 2 2: Teams and Characters Edit
Page 3 3: Items and Weapons Edit
Page 4 4: Game Modes Edit
Page 5 5: Battlefields Edit
Page 6 6: Statistics Edit
Page 7 7: Animal Rankings Breakdown Edit
Page 8 8: Scoreboard Rankings Edit
Page 9 9: Miscellaneous Edit
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In that memorandum you
write Koch that he must use legal means only and that he must call the
guilty to account. Was this an answer to these reports? ROSENBERG: Yes, it was an answer because by December 1942 there had been
quite a number of complaints already. DR. SERVATIUS: And what did Koch reply? ROSENBERG: Koch replied to me that he, for his part, also wanted and
would employ legal means, but in the document read today, in his report
dated 16 March 1943, he complained several times that I did not always
believe these assurances, but that in every case the Ministry for the
Occupied Eastern Territories not only intervened, but even demanded of
him a report on the carrying out of these instructions. DR. SERVATIUS: Thus he denied considerable abuses? ROSENBERG: Yes, he denied considerable abuses. He referred in the
document to one particularly serious case, namely, that individual
houses had been burned down in Volhynia because those who had been
called upon to work had resisted the recruiting by means of force, as he
explained, and he said that he had no other way of doing it. He added
that this case in particular had caused new complaints on the part of
the Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories. DR. SERVATIUS: Was he entitled to such measures, in your opinion? ROSENBERG: Reich Commissioner Koch had jurisdiction over the execution
of all orders coming from the highest Reich authorities. He was
responsible for the execution of all measures within the bounds of the
instructions. He had, I now believe, often overstepped the bounds of
these instructions and acted on his own initiative in taking, as he
thought, exclusively war economic measures. Sometimes I heard of these
measures, and often I did not, as appears from the document. THE PRESIDENT: The question you were asked was whether in your opinion
he was entitled to burn houses because people refused to work, and you
have given a long answer which seems to me to be no answer to the
question. ROSENBERG: In my opinion he did not have the right to burn down houses
and therefore I intervened, and he tried to justify himself. DR. SERVATIUS: In order to carry out the labor recruiting, there were to
be recruiting measures which, it is true, had to be applied with a
certain amount of administrative coercion. How far was coercion
permissible, is there legal and illegal coercion, and how do you judge
the measures that were carried out in practice? ROSENBERG: I myself insisted up until 1943 on a voluntary recruitment. But in the face of the urgent demands from the Führer I could not
maintain this stand any longer and I agreed therefore—in order to have
a legal form at least—that certain age groups should be called up. From
these age groups all those working who were needed in the Occupied
Eastern Territories were to be excluded. But the others were to be
brought from all sides with the help of their own administrations in the
regional commissariat, that is, the little burgomasters in the Occupied
Eastern Territories, and there is no doubt, of course, that to give
force to these demands the police stood at the disposal of the
administration in the execution of this program. DR. SERVATIUS: If there were abuses, could Koch stop them? Did you have
no influence in the matter? ROSENBERG: It was the duty of the Reich commissioner to whom the
regional government of the Ukraine was subordinated to investigate and
to take action, in accordance with the instructions which he had
received from me. DR. SERVATIUS: But why did you go to Sauckel as well? Was it Sauckel’s
duty also to stop this? ROSENBERG: Sauckel, as the deputy of the Delegate for the Four Year
Plan, had the right to give instructions to me, as Minister for the
Occupied Eastern Territories, and over and above that, he had the right
to bypass me and give instructions to the Reich commissioners, a right
which, he used a few times in giving lectures in the general districts
of the Ukraine and of the Eastern territories. DR. SERVATIUS: Was he—was Sauckel responsible for the conditions in the
Ukraine? ROSENBERG: Sauckel was not responsible for the execution of these
demands, but of course on the basis of the authority given him by the
Führer he made the demands so harsh and exact that the responsible
regional governments of the commissioner general felt themselves bound
by conviction and appearance to back up the recruiting of labor by force
as appears, for example, from the report, Document 265-PS, from the
Commissioner General in Zhitomir. I think this can also be seen from the
report of the District Commissioner in Kovno, of which I cannot give the
exact number. DR. SERVATIUS: Did Sauckel have an organization of his own? ROSENBERG: Yes, he had a staff, but I cannot make a statement on the
size of it. He took care only that the civil administration had labor
offices attached to it, and his requirements as to the civil
administration in the East for the direction of these labor offices were
forwarded to the administrative offices. To my knowledge he did not have
a large organization. DR. SERVATIUS: Before Sauckel came into your ministry was there not
already a department of “Labor,” which had its corresponding subordinate
departments on the middle and lower levels? ROSENBERG: I cannot give you a precise answer to that. At any rate, I
think a department “Labor and Social Policy” was set up almost at the
beginning of the ministry, but at the moment I am not able to tell you
the exact date. Perhaps Dr. Beil’s statement will contain some details. DR. SERVATIUS: Thus, you are not informed regarding the organization of
this recruitment of workers? ROSENBERG: No, I am informed as far as I have just told you, but I
cannot give you exact information about the date of the foundation of
this main department “Labor and Social Policy” in the Ministry for the
Occupied Eastern Territories. DR. SERVATIUS: Did labor offices for the Occupied Eastern Territories
exist, which had their head in your ministry? ROSENBERG: The work—yes, insofar as the Main Department of Labor and
Social Policy did of course co-operate with the civil administration;
that is, both Reich commissioners had continuous contact and had
correspondence with the appropriate department, namely the labor office
attached to the Reich commissioner. A correspondence with the lower
agents, with the general districts, was naturally not carried on, but
there was continuous consultation with the appropriate department
attached to the Reich commissioner. DR. SERVATIUS: In your letter you speak of “Sauckel offices.” What
offices do you mean by this? ROSENBERG: Well, I mean, first of all, his immediate deputy Peuckert,
who later, in order to guarantee smooth co-operation, formally took over
the direction of this main department of “Social Policy.” He was but
very rarely at the Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories since
he was officially working especially for Sauckel; and apart from that,
Sauckel had a few other gentlemen with whom my main department
negotiated continuously regarding the reduction of the quotas... THE PRESIDENT: Surely, the witness Sauckel will give all this
information. What is the good of wasting our time putting it to
Rosenberg? DR. SERVATIUS: It is important in order to ascertain the responsibility. Later I cannot call on Rosenberg as a witness again; a number of
questions will arise, to which I... THE PRESIDENT: I understand that, of course, but these are all details
of Sauckel’s administration which Sauckel must know himself. DR. SERVATIUS: Yes, but I will have no opportunity later on to question
the witness Rosenberg regarding the individual authorities within the
organization, namely: Who was responsible, who had the right to
supervise, who had the duty to intervene? Why were letters addressed to
individuals? Why has he to answer them? One cannot understand that, if
one does not ask the witness—if he is not first asked about it before. I would suggest that the witness Rosenberg should be called again in
connection with Sauckel’s case, after Sauckel has spoken; that would
save time. THE PRESIDENT: There is no issue with the Prosecution about it. If there
is no issue with the Prosecution, then Sauckel’s evidence about it will
be quite sufficient. DR. SERVATIUS: Mr. President, the witness Rosenberg, in his letter—in a
letter addressed to Sauckel—mentioned the fact that his offices were
using these objectionable methods. Since in my opinion such offices did
not exist, and thus Rosenberg was addressing the wrong person, I must
establish what offices there really were. It is a complaint about
conditions that were oppressive to Rosenberg and he addressed himself to
Sauckel, instead of Koch. THE PRESIDENT: Ask him some direct question, will you? DR. SERVATIUS: What did Sauckel do upon receiving the letter you
addressed to him? ROSENBERG: I did not receive a letter in reply to it; but I heard that
Sauckel, then at a meeting of his labor offices in Weimar, went into
these complaints in detail and that he tried to do his best to remove
the grounds for these complaints. DR. SERVATIUS: Did not that meeting take place a fortnight later, that
is on 6 January 1943, and were you not present also? ROSENBERG: Possibly. I spoke at a meeting at Weimar once; whether or not
it was this one, I am not able to say. DR. SERVATIUS: Did you hear Sauckel’s speech at this meeting? ROSENBERG: No, I have no recollection of it. DR. SERVATIUS: Did you get the speech in writing later? ROSENBERG: I cannot remember that either. DR. SERVATIUS: Later on I want to submit the speech as a document in
connection with Sauckel’s case. I have a number of further questions. Did other departments, too, in the occupied territories, concern
themselves with the recruitment of laborers? ROSENBERG: Yes, I received indeed some reports that also, for its part,
the so-called Todt Organization engaged workers for the carrying out of
their technical tasks, and I think also the railway administration and
other offices in the East were making efforts to get new workers for
themselves. DR. SERVATIUS: Is it not correct that the Armed Forces were demanding
workers, that workers were demanded for road construction, were needed
by the domestic industry, and that there was a general effort to keep
manpower at home and not let them go to Germany? ROSENBERG: That is correct, and it is a foregone conclusion that the
Armed Forces, the Todt Organization, and other offices wanted to keep as
many laborers as possible in the country for the growing amount of work
there and they probably did not like to part with their workers. That
goes without saying. DR. SERVATIUS: Sauckel repeatedly pointed out that workers must be
supplied under all circumstances and that all obstacles must be removed. Did that refer to the resistance of the local offices which did not want
to give up these workers? ROSENBERG: It certainly referred to this local manpower, and in a
conference which I had with Sauckel in 1943 and which is also in
evidence as a document here but which was not submitted today, reference
was made to it. Sauckel stated that by order of the Führer he would have
to raise a large number of new workers in the East and that in this
connection, I am thinking of the Armed Forces most of all who had been,
as he expressed it, hoarding workers who might instead have been active
in Germany. DR. SERVATIUS: Did Sauckel have anything to do with the recruitment of
workers, which took place in connection with the germanizing of the
East? ROSENBERG: I cannot quite understand this question. What do you mean in
this case by “germanizing”? DR. SERVATIUS: The SS undertook the resettlement in the East. In
connection with this manpower was shifted. Was this manpower allotted to
Sauckel upon his request? ROSENBERG: First of all I do not know exactly which resettlement you are
talking about. DR. SERVATIUS: A report has been presented to me which concerns the Jews
who were sent into Polish territory. I assume that they reached your
territory, too. Do you not know about that? ROSENBERG: Based on my own knowledge, I can say only that this
concentration of the Jewish population from Eastern Germany, in certain
cities and camps in the East, was carried out under the jurisdiction of
the Chief of the German Police, who also had this assignment for the
Occupied Eastern Territories. In connection with the resettlement in
camps and with the concentrations in ghettos, there probably also
developed a shortage of labor or something like that. I merely do not
know what that has to do with Germanization. DR. SERVATIUS: I have no further questions. THE PRESIDENT: Before we adjourn, I should like to know what the
position is about the Defendant Frank’s documents. Does anybody know
anything about that? MR. DODD: Mr. President, I wish to say that insofar as we are concerned,
we have been in consultation with Dr. Seidl for the Defendant Frank as
well as the representatives of the Soviet prosecuting staff. We are
prepared to be heard at any time that the Tribunal would care to hear us
on the documents. THE PRESIDENT: Yes. Then, Dr. Thoma, how many more witnesses have you
got and how long do you think you will be in the Defendant Rosenberg’s
case? DR. THOMA: I have only one witness, Your Honors, the witness Riecke. I
believe that as far as I am concerned, he can be examined in one hour at
the most; I do not think it will take as long as that. After that, it
depends on the cross-examination. THE PRESIDENT: Very well, yes; then you may finish the Defendant
Rosenberg’s case tomorrow? DR. THOMA: It depends upon the cross-examination. THE PRESIDENT: Yes, of course. Then, Dr. Seidl, will you be able to go
on at once in Frank’s case? Supposing we finish Rosenberg
tomorrow—tomorrow is Wednesday, is it not? Will you be able to go on on
Thursday morning in Frank’s case? DR. SEIDL: Mr. President, I can start with Frank’s case as soon as
Rosenberg’s case is finished. As far as the documents are concerned,
there was difficulty regarding only one document and I have foregone the
presentation of this one document. But apart from that, these documents
have for the greater part already been presented by the other side. THE PRESIDENT: If there is only one document in question, we can hear
you upon it now. As I understand you, you have only one document about
which there is any difference of opinion. DR. SEIDL: That has been settled already because I have given up
presentation of this document. THE PRESIDENT: Very well. There is no further difference of opinion? DR. SEIDL: There is no further difference of opinion. THE PRESIDENT: Well, then you are perfectly ready to go on? DR. SEIDL: Yes. THE PRESIDENT: Have the documents been translated yet? DR. SEIDL: As far as I know, they already have been all translated. THE PRESIDENT: Very well, thank you. [_The Tribunal adjourned until 17 April 1946 at 1000 hours._]
ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH DAY
Wednesday, 17 April 1946
_Morning Session_
[_The Defendant Rosenberg resumed the stand._]
MR. DODD: Just before recess yesterday afternoon the Tribunal inquired
as to the status of the Frank Document Book, and when I informed the
Tribunal that we were prepared to be heard Dr. Seidl advised that we had
a pact to which we had agreed. I was not aware of that at the time. I
think we were both a little bit in error. The situation is that last
night about 6 o’clock we did reach an agreement so that there is no
difficulty at all about the Frank books. DR. THOMA: I would like to make a brief correction. Yesterday I spoke
about the request for a document on the setting up of the Einsatzstab
Rosenberg. My client has repeatedly asked me to bring in this document. However, there is a possibility that I confused this document with other
documents which I requested, but which were not granted. I just wanted
to make that correction. THE PRESIDENT: Yes. You do not want to do anything more than just make
that verbal correction? Very well. DR. THOMA: Yes. THE PRESIDENT: Is there any other defendant’s counsel who wishes to ask
any questions? DR. HAENSEL: Witness, you were the Plenipotentiary of the Führer for the
ideological objectives of the NSDAP and its affiliated organizations. Are you of the opinion that what you did as Plenipotentiary of the
Führer in carrying out your duties and everything you said and wrote for
these aims and for the systematic so-called ideological combating of
Jewry may be considered as an official outline of the activity of the
Party and its affiliated organizations? ROSENBERG: If I may answer this long series of questions one by one I
would like to say the following: My office, as far as ideological
education was concerned, worked with the SS Main Office for Political
Training. We were, of course, in constant contact with them. The
so-called “guiding pamphlets” of the SS, which appeared as an
instruction periodical, were read in my office. I myself had it
repeatedly in my hands, and during these years I found that in this
Office for Political Training, in these periodicals, a great number of
very valuable articles with mostly very decent ideas was contained. This
is one of the reasons why, through all these years, I did not enter into
any conflict with the SS. As far as the Jewish question is concerned, the objective as to this
problem was expressed in the program of the NSDAP. That is the only
official statement which guided the Party members. Anything which I said
about it, and what others wrote about it, were just reasons that were
set forth. Certainly much of that was accepted, but as far as the Führer
and the State were concerned these proposals were not binding rules. DR. HAENSEL: Was the objective of your fight against Jewry limited? Did
you envisage that the Jews were to be eliminated from economic and State
administration, or did you from the first have a vague notion of
stronger measures, such as extermination, _et cetera_? What was your
objective? ROSENBERG: In agreement with the Party program, I had the one objective
in mind—to change the leadership in the German State as it existed from
1918 to 1933! That was the vital aim. As to elimination, even from
economic life, we did not talk about it at that time; and yesterday I
already referred to two of my speeches—which are available in print—in
which I declared that after the end of this harsh political battle an
investigation or examination of the problem would have to take place. There was even earlier talk about the demand for Jewish emigration from
Germany, quite rightly. Later, when matters became more critical, I
expressed this idea again in conformity with the proposals of very
prominent Jewish leaders that German unemployed be deported to Africa,
South America, and China. DR. HAENSEL: Then, following your train of thought of yesterday and
today, one could differentiate three kinds of measures against the Jews:
First, until 1933—up to the seizure of power—were the propagandistic
measures; second, after 1933, those measures which found their
expression in the anti-Jewish laws; and then, finally, after the
outbreak of the war certain measures which without doubt can be
considered as Crimes against Humanity. Do you agree with this tripartite
arrangement? ROSENBERG: Yes, it is approximately right. DR. HAENSEL: Then I would like to call your attention to Group 2, that
is, to those measures which were instituted after the taking over of
power, and which were laid down in laws against the Jews. Did you
participate in the formulating of the laws? THE PRESIDENT: You are counsel, are you not, for the SS? DR. HAENSEL: Yes. THE PRESIDENT: What have those questions got to do with the SS? DR. HAENSEL: The questions concern the SS in the following way: If the
Party as a whole had the objective of a clearly formulated anti-Jewish
legislation, which was in the beginning quite orderly, then the SS was
bound to this objective and for the time being had none beyond that
point. I wanted to establish when the legislation and the measures
against Jews turned into criminal acts, and that up to that time the SS
in no manner took criminal measures against the Jews. THE PRESIDENT: Well, he said already that the Jewish problem was
contained in the Party program, and that is all that you want, is it
not? DR. HAENSEL: I wanted only to show that the fact that the Jewish problem
was contained in the Party program does not prove that it was in the
Party program as a Crime against Humanity. In the Party program there
was simply a general sentence which I do not believe can be construed as
a Crime against Humanity. In addition to that, there must be... THE PRESIDENT: That is a matter of construction of the Party program. It
is not a matter for him to give evidence about. It is in a written
document—the Party program is contained in the written documents. DR. HAENSEL: But, in addition to the Party program, a great number of
decrees and laws were issued later which expanded the Party program, and
the question... THE PRESIDENT: They are also documents which this Tribunal has to
construe—not for this witness to construe. DR. HAENSEL: The question is, insofar as the defendant can tell us, how
far the SS participated in the carrying out of these regulations. THE PRESIDENT: He can tell us the facts. He cannot tell us the laws or
the interpretation of documents. If you are asking him about facts, well
and good; but if you are asking him to interpret the Party program or to
interpret the decrees, that is a matter for the Tribunal. DR. HAENSEL: Very well. [_Turning to the defendant._] In your books you advocated the objective
that all Germans should be unified in a Greater Germany, and that point
is also set down in the Party program? ROSENBERG: Yes. DR. HAENSEL: Did you believe that this was possible only through the
preparation for a war, or did you believe that it was just as possible
through peaceful means? ROSENBERG: In the beginning of my testimony I referred to a speech of
mine made before an International Congress in 1932. Here this proposal
was expressly approved by the Führer to the effect that the four great
powers should investigate and examine the entire European problem. This
proposal said that we would give up all claims to German colonies, to
Alsace-Lorraine, to the Southern Tyrol as well as claims to the
separated German... THE PRESIDENT: We have heard all this before from the Defendant Göring
and the Defendant Ribbentrop, and we said that we did not want to go
into it again. In any event, it has nothing to do with the SS—nothing
directly to do with the SS. DR. HAENSEL: [_To the defendant._] Just one more question. Do you know
that the SS, as far as the Jews were concerned, followed secret aims and
objectives, others than those that were published officially? ROSENBERG: That I learned here. DR. HAENSEL: You do not know that from your own knowledge? ROSENBERG: No. DR. STEINBAUER: Witness, I have one single question to put to you. Under
Document 091-PS the Prosecution submitted a letter which you, as the
Chief of the Einsatzstab Rosenberg, sent to Dr. Seyss-Inquart in his
capacity as Reich Commissioner for the Netherlands. In that letter you
demanded that the library of the so-called Social Institute at Amsterdam
be handed over to you. I do not know whether you recall this library. It
was rather voluminous and of Socialist-Marxist content. The Prosecution
did not submit the answer given by my client. Therefore, I have to ask
you: Do you remember this matter and what answer did Seyss-Inquart give
you? ROSENBERG: I remember this library very well, for I was told about it. To my knowledge it represented the establishment of a spiritual center
of the Second International in Amsterdam, in which the history of social
movements in various countries was to be summarized in a library, so
that on the basis of this scientific material now a spiritual political
fight, a scientific fight... DR. STEINBAUER: Very well. We want to be brief, and you know what I am
talking about. What answer did you receive? Did Seyss-Inquart permit
this library to be transferred to Germany, or did he demand that it
remain in Holland? ROSENBERG: It was at first agreed that this library would remain in
Holland, and that the cataloging and classifying of this collection,
which was not yet classified, was to take place in Amsterdam. In the
course of the next few years this took place in Amsterdam. Only in the
year 1944, when either the invasion had already begun or was surely
imminent, when bombing attacks also increased in this area, part of this
library was taken to Silesia; the other part, to my knowledge, did not
get through, but remained in Emden; and the third part, I believe, was
not removed. DR. STEINBAUER: Is it then correct that Seyss-Inquart prevented the
taking away of this library from the Dutch working class? ROSENBERG: Yes, that is correct. THE PRESIDENT: Does the Prosecution wish to cross-examine? MR. DODD: Before we begin our discussion of some matters that we would
like to go over, I wonder if you would be good enough to write your name
a few times on these pieces of paper, both in pen and in pencil. [_Paper, pen, and pencil were handed to the defendant._]
Would you write “A. Rosenberg,” please, with pen, and “Alfred Rosenberg”
with the pen; and would you handwrite the first initial of your last
name with a capital? Now, would you do the same thing with pencil on another piece of paper,
“A. Rosenberg” in pencil, “Alfred Rosenberg,” and the first initial of
your last name? And then would you do one thing more, please. Would you print the first
initial of your last name? [_The signatures were passed to Mr. Dodd._]
Now, yesterday afternoon, while you were on direct examination through
your own counsel, you stated before the Tribunal that you did have a
discussion with Heinrich Himmler, the Reichsführer SS, about
concentration camps, and if I remember correctly, you said that that was
some time in 1938; is that so? ROSENBERG: Yes. I testified that I discussed the concentration camps
with him once, but I cannot say with certainty that it was in 1938, as I
did not make a note of it. MR. DODD: Very good. He offered to have you go through one or the other
of these camps, Dachau or some other camp; is that so? ROSENBERG: Yes, he then told me that I should take a look at the Dachau
Camp. MR. DODD: And you declined the invitation? ROSENBERG: Right. MR. DODD: And I understood you—if I recollect correctly, you said
because you were quite sure that he would not show you the unfavorable
things that were in that camp? ROSENBERG: Yes, I assumed more or less that in case there really were
unfavorable things, I certainly would not see them anyway. MR. DODD: You mean that you simply assumed that there were unfavorable
things; that you did not know there were unfavorable things? ROSENBERG: I heard this through the foreign press and it is about... MR. DODD: When did you first hear that through the foreign press? ROSENBERG: That was already in the first months of 1933. MR. DODD: And did you continuously read the foreign press about the
concentration camps in Germany from 1933 to 1938? ROSENBERG: I did not read the foreign press at all for unfortunately I
do not speak English. I received only some excerpts from it from time to
time, and in the German press there were occasional references to it
with the strict declaration that these allegations were not true. I can
still remember the statement by Minister Göring in which he said that it
was beyond his comprehension that something like that could be written. MR. DODD: But you thought they were true to the extent that there were
unfavorable things in that place that Himmler might not show you. ROSENBERG: Yes, I assumed that in such a revolutionary process surely a
number of excesses were taking place, that in some districts also on
occasion there might be conflicts, and that the fact that murders of
National Socialists in the months subsequent to the seizure of the power
continued most probably resulted in sharp countermeasures here and
there. MR. DODD: Did you think that was still going on in 1938, these measures
against the National Socialists? ROSENBERG: No. The chief reports upon the continuance of murders of
members of the Hitler Youth, of the Police, and of members of the Party
were made especially in 1943 and 1944, but I do not remember that many
reports still were published about this in subsequent years... THE PRESIDENT: Did you say 1943 and 1944 or 1933 and 1934? Which is it? ROSENBERG: 1933 and 1934, excuse me. MR. DODD: But, in any event, in 1938 you had some knowledge in your own
mind which made you think that it would not be profitable for you to
inspect these camps because some things were going on there that would
not be shown to you. Now, that is so, isn’t it? ROSENBERG: No; but I said very frankly that under some circumstances
excesses might be taking place, and I talked to Himmler about this
matter so that he in any case knew that we were informed about such
things from abroad and that he should watch his step. Only once did I
receive a complaint directly myself. MR. DODD: Now, turning to another matter, we also understood you to say
yesterday that when you wrote your book, _The Myth of the 20th Century_,
you expressed your personal opinion and you did not intend it to have
any great effect upon state affairs. Is that a fair statement of your
testimony of yesterday with respect to your book? ROSENBERG: I did not quite follow the last sentence. I must say, I wrote
_The Myth of the 20th Century_ during the years 1927 and 1928
approximately, after certain historical and other preliminary studies. It was published in October 1930 with an introduction to the effect that
this was a purely personal opinion, and that the political organization
of which I was a member was not responsible for it. MR. DODD: Very good. I will ask that you be shown Document 3553-PS. That
is also, if Your Honor pleases, Exhibit Number USA-352. It is already in
evidence. [_Turning to the defendant._] Now, you wrote a preface or a little
introduction for that edition of that book. It is right there before
you. You said in it:
“To the 150,000th copy: The _Myth_ has today drawn deep,
ineffaceable furrows into the emotional life of the German
people. Every new edition is a clear indication that a decisive
spiritual and mental revolution is growing into a historical
event. Many things which in my book seemed to be a peculiar idea
have already become a reality of State policy. Many other things
will yet, I hope, materialize as a further result of this new
vigor.”
You wrote that? ROSENBERG: That is certainly entirely correct. This book of 700 pages
does not concern only those points of which I am accused here. This book
deals with a large number of problems, the problem of the peasants, of
the world states, of the concept of socialism, of the relation between
leadership, industry, and labor, a presentation of the judgment... MR. DODD: Now, just a minute. I don’t think it is necessary for you to
give us a list of the table of contents of the book. I simply asked you
if you wrote that introduction. ROSENBERG: Yes, of course. MR. DODD: Now, with respect to the well-known forced labor program. I
think it is perfectly clear to everyone who has been in attendance at
these sessions before this Tribunal, and of course to yourself, that
there was a forced labor program in effect, or a so-called slave labor
program, both in the East and in the Western occupied countries. Isn’t
that a fact? ROSENBERG: Yes, the law of 21 March is concerned therewith with workers
from the occupied countries who were to be taken to Germany. In Germany
there was also a compulsory labor law. MR. DODD: Now, there are only two possible offices under the then German
State which can, by any stretch of the imagination, be held responsible
either in part or altogether for that forced slave labor program. Isn’t
that so? Two principal offices, at least. ROSENBERG: Yes, indeed. MR. DODD: And they were your own ministry and the office of the
Defendant Sauckel. That is pretty simple. Is that true or not? ROSENBERG: It is correct that Gauleiter Sauckel had been given the
authority to pass orders to me and to all the supreme Reich authorities. It was my duty to make known and carry through these orders in the
Occupied Eastern Territories according to my powers, my judgment, and my
instructions. MR. DODD: Did you carry out the compulsory labor directives under your
ministry, force people to leave their homes and their communities to go
to Germany and to work for the German State? ROSENBERG: I fought for about three-quarters of a year for this
recruitment of workers in the East to be put on a voluntary basis. From
my record of a discussion with Gauleiter Sauckel still in the year 1943,
it is very evident that at all times I made efforts to do this. I also
mentioned how many millions of leaflets, of posters, and pamphlets I
distributed in these countries so that this principle would be carried
through. However, when I heard that if the number of German workers who
had to go to the front could not be replaced, the German Army reserves
would be at an end, then I could not protest any longer against
recruitment of certain age-classes, or use of local authorities and
forces of the gendarmerie to assist in this work. Yesterday I already
... MR. DODD: What you are telling us is you tried to get them voluntarily
and you found they would not go, so then you forced them to go. Isn’t
that so? ROSENBERG: That coercion took place here is true and is not disputed. Where an excess took place—and some terrible excesses took place—I did
my utmost to prevent it or alleviate it. MR. DODD: All right. You, of course, had promulgated an order in your
own ministry concerning compulsory labor, had you not? ROSENBERG: Yes. In the beginning, a general compulsory labor service law
was promulgated. MR. DODD: That’s right, on the 19th of December 1941. ROSENBERG: It may be that it was promulgated about that time. MR. DODD: Well, you can accept that as being so, I think, that that is
the date of your decree concerning compulsory labor, the compulsory
labor, significantly—I want to make this very clear to you—in the
Occupied Eastern Territories. ROSENBERG: Yes. MR. DODD: That order was promulgated by you as the Reich Minister for
the Occupied Eastern Territories. ROSENBERG: Yes. MR. DODD: I ask that you be shown Document 1975-PS. It is Exhibit Number
USA-820, already in evidence—not in evidence, I’m sorry. I am now
offering it. [_The document was submitted to the defendant._]
I don’t care to stress this document too much except to have you verify
the fact that this is the order which you promulgated, and in the first
paragraph with the small Figure 1, you stated, “All inhabitants of the
Occupied Eastern Territories are subject to the general liability for
work according to their capacity.” And I wish to point out the paragraph
under that small Number 1, with the Number 3, where you say, “A special
ruling is drawn up for Jews.” That is the 19th day of December 1941. ROSENBERG: The document which has been submitted to me is signed by the
Reich Commissioner for the Ukraine and is concerned with a skeleton law
of the Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories. I ask that I be
shown the skeleton law of the Minister for the Occupied Eastern
Territories in order that I may judge correctly the carrying-out
provisions issued by the Reich Commissioner. MR. DODD: Well, we can make that available to you. This is taken from
the official gazette of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern
Territories. You are not disputing, are you, the fact that you
promulgated this order and that these two paragraphs I read to you were
in it? ROSENBERG: That I am not disputing. MR. DODD: All right. If you care to look at all at the other paragraphs
and at other parts, I will see that they are made available to you, but
for the present purposes I can assure you there is no trick in
connection with this. I want to move on to another document. ROSENBERG: I would like to refer to just one point. Under Paragraph 1 it
says expressly that people not completely able to work are to be used
according to their capability for work. This shows the state of health
had been considered. MR. DODD: Yes, I read that to you. Now, you had a permanent state secretary by the name of Alfred Meyer,
isn’t that so? ROSENBERG: I do not find anything here regarding the laws about Jews. There was a point mentioned about the directive for Jews, only it is not
here. MR. DODD: You will find it just below the sentence to which you made
reference a minute ago, two paragraphs below it. There is a Figure 3 in
parentheses and then this statement: “A special ruling is drawn up for
Jews.”
Don’t you find that there? ROSENBERG: I do not find it here—oh, on this page, yes. That refers to
another law, yes. MR. DODD: That’s all right. I just asked you if it was there, and it is. Let’s go on. I asked you if you had a permanent staff secretary by the name of Meyer,
Alfred Meyer, M-e-y-e-r. ROSENBERG: Yes. MR. DODD: I want to show you Document 580-PS, which will become Exhibit
Number USA-821. Now, this is an order from your Ministry for the
Occupied Eastern Territories, and it is signed by your permanent staff
secretary, Alfred Meyer, and it is addressed to the Reich Commissioner
for the Ostland, a man by the name of Lohse, L-o-h-s-e, and also to the
Reich Commissioner for the Ukraine, a man by the name of Koch about whom
we have heard a good deal in this Trial. I want to have you agree, if you will, that the order calls for 247,000
industrial workers and 380,000 agricultural workers. Now, I want you to turn specifically to Page 2 of the English
translation and to Page 2, as well, of the German text, and Line 14 of
the English text and Line 22 of the German text. The paragraph has
before it the Figure 6, and it says:
“The workers are to be recruited. Forced enlistment should be
avoided; instead, for political reasons, the enlistment should
be kept on a voluntary basis. In case the enlistment should not
bring the required results and there should be a surplus of
workers still available, use may be made in case of emergency,
and in agreement with the Commissioner General, of the decree
dated 19 December 1941 concerning the introduction of compulsory
labor in the Occupied Eastern Territories. Promises...”
So that this order, signed by Meyer of your staff, directing the Reich
commissioners in the Eastern Occupied Territories, was founded on your
decree of 19 December 1941 for compulsory labor. ROSENBERG: Mr. Prosecutor, you read the introduction, and from that we
can see also that my deputy clearly tried in every way to avoid forced
enlistment and, as he says, the enlistment was to “be kept on a
voluntary basis.” That is proof of what I already said yesterday, that
Meyer, my permanent deputy, most emphatically tried to work along these
lines, and lastly this does not refer to arbitrary measures but rather
to a general compulsory labor law in the Occupied Eastern Territories
which would prevent hundreds of thousands who could neither work nor
study from wandering about idly in the streets. I would however like to
read also the end of the paragraph, and that says:
“Promises which cannot be kept may not be given, neither in
writing nor verbally. Therefore, the announcements, posters, and
appeals in the press and over the radio may therefore not
contain any untrue information in order to avoid disappointment
among the workers employed in the Reich, and thus reactions
against future recruitment in the Occupied Eastern Territories.”
I think a more legal attitude in the midst of war is not at all
thinkable. MR. DODD: Very good. All I am trying to indicate here, and to see if you
will not agree with it, is that you, nevertheless, despite these
remonstrances and these objections which we do not deny that you made,
did authorize your people in the Eastern Occupied Territories actually
to conscript and force people to come to work in Germany, and you did it
on the basis of your own decree. That is the point I am trying to make
with you. ROSENBERG: A compulsory labor law was issued by me at the end of 1941
for the territory of the Reichskommissariat concerned, that is, for the
Ostland and for the Ukraine. The compulsory recruitment of this manpower
for the Reich was not taken until much later, and compulsory labor
service in the occupied countries was, in my opinion, legally necessary
so that on the one hand no wildcat recruitment would take place, and
also to prevent chaos resulting from the hundreds of thousands loitering
in the streets. THE PRESIDENT: You are not answering the question. You are giving a long
paraphrase for the one word “yes,” which is the answer you ought to have
made. ROSENBERG: When compulsory labor service was also instituted for the
Reich, I said that I was in favor of voluntary enlistment. I could not
persist in this attitude for long and therefore, of course, I agreed
that then also compulsory labor laws would have to be instituted. I
already admitted that three times yesterday; I have not disputed it. MR. DODD: Yes, I know you repeated it three times yesterday and again
this morning. In your own defense document—Rosenberg-11, I think it
is—which is the letter that you wrote to Koch on the 14th of December
1942—I don’t think it will be necessary to show it to you again; I
think you saw it yesterday—you specifically mentioned to Koch the
matter of picking up people from lines in front of theaters and off the
streets, those people who were attending movies and matters of that
sort. You knew that was going on under your decree of compulsory labor,
didn’t you? You were objecting to it, but you knew it was going on. ROSENBERG: Excesses are connected with every law, and as soon as I
learned of excesses, I did take steps against them. MR. DODD: Very good. Now, finally, with respect to this forced labor
matter, would you say as a matter of fairness and honesty that your
ministry was not very largely responsible for this terrible program of
forcing people from their homes into Germany, or do you say that you
must accept a very considerable responsibility for what happened to
these hundreds of thousands of people out of the Eastern occupied areas? ROSENBERG: I, of course, will take the responsibility for these laws
which I issued, and for any framework of directives which were issued by
my ministry. The territorial governments were legally responsible for
their execution. Where they went beyond these measures—they were 1,500
kilometers away from me—I concerned myself with every case. Many
exaggerations were made and excesses also took place. I admit that
terrible things did occur. I tried to intervene, to apply punitive
measures and because of this quite a number of German officials were
taken to court and were sentenced. MR. DODD: Leaving aside the terrible things that happened to people,
assuming that no great violence took place, the very fact of forcing
them against their wills to leave is something else that you will accept
responsibility for, I assume. ROSENBERG: Yes, indeed. MR. DODD: And you also feel that a considerable part of this... ROSENBERG: [_Interposing._] I accept the responsibility due to a State
law which empowered Gauleiter Sauckel to place these claims to me which
I applied in legal form to the Eastern territories. MR. DODD: Briefly, I want to remind you, while we are on this subject,
that you acknowledged yesterday that you did consent to the taking of
children as young as 10, 12, and 14 years old and removing them to
Germany, and I think you told us that at first it did disturb you, but
when you found out there were happy recreational circumstances, your
mind was eased. Is that a fair statement of your position on forcing
those children from the East? ROSENBERG: No, that is not correct. I do not know just what the
translation of the document was, but the opposite was true. I wanted to
prevent anything from happening in any action in the operational zone
which might, under certain circumstances, be of gravest importance for
many children. Then, upon the request of the Army Group Center—which
anyway would have done it on its own—I took over the care of these
children on condition that I take most scrupulous care of them and care
for their own mothers, that they have contact with their parents, and so
that they might be returned to their homeland again later on. That is
certainly the exact opposite of what the Prosecution has submitted from
this document here. MR. DODD: Well, I don’t want to dwell much longer on it except to remind
you that that document which you have seen and which you discussed
yesterday states, among other things, that by removing these children
out of the East you will be doing more than one thing; you will be
destroying the biological potentiality of those people in the East. That
is what you approved among other things, isn’t it? ROSENBERG: Yes. That is contained in the first point of the Prosecution
and it was already read. I have made it clear by reading the whole
document that my approval did not depend at all on that point, that in
the first report I definitely refused that as an argument, and that only
after hearing other information did I find a method, for which the women
thanked me despite the fact that not I but the Hitler Jugend in Dessau
and elsewhere deserve the credit for taking care of them in this way. MR. DODD: Actually, I understand from all your testimony that, with the
possible exception of the little while of which we have been talking,
you have been very benign and humane towards these people under your
jurisdiction in the Occupied Eastern Territories. You wanted to be very
kind to them. ROSENBERG: I do not want at all to claim for myself any such sentimental
phraseology. However, in the midst of this terrible war in the East,
which brought with it the continual murder of German employees and
German agricultural officials, I only tried to carry on an intelligent
policy and to induce the people to heart-felt voluntary co-operation. MR. DODD: Yes. Now I ask that you be shown Document 1058-PS, which is
(Exhibit USA-147. [_The document was submitted to the defendant._]
You now have that before you. It is an extract from a speech which you
made with your closest collaborators, and it has been referred to
before. It is a speech that you made on the 20th of June 1941, the day
before the attack was launched against Soviet Russia. I want to refer to
the very first paragraph, and the only one on the paper. It says: “The
job of feeding the German people stands in these years without a
doubt....”
ROSENBERG: What page is that? MR. DODD: It is the first page; there is only one page. Oh, you have the
whole document. You referred to it yesterday; I think you will be able
to find it. It is at Page 8, Line 54. You may recall it; you talked
about it yesterday. As a matter of fact, you said it was an impromptu
speech. Do you find it on Page 8? ROSENBERG: Yes, I have found it. MR. DODD: In that paragraph you say, among other things—and I want to
call it to your attention for a specific purpose—you say that the job
of feeding the German people is at the top of the list, and that the
southern regions and the northern Caucasus will have to serve as a
balance for the feeding of the German people. And you go on to say that
you see no reason why there is any obligation to feed the Russian people
with the surplus products of the territory. Then you say, “We know that
this is a harsh necessity, bare of any feelings.”
You then go on to say, “A very extensive evacuation will undoubtedly be
necessary and the future will hold very hard years in store for the
Russians.”
Now, you read us some parts of that speech yesterday that you seemed to
think were quite to your credit. Were all parts of the speech impromptu
or are you suggesting that only the parts that seem damaging to you now
were impromptu? ROSENBERG: I just used a few key words and gave the speech that way. This paragraph has been read by the Prosecution three or four times. Yesterday when we discussed this speech I myself expressly referred to
this paragraph. Beyond that, I admitted that I was told by people
connected with the Four Year Plan that it was not certain whether the
industry of the Moscow industrial region could be fully maintained after
its conquest—here the “wagon factories” are mentioned. Restriction
might be necessary to some key industries, and through that a difficult
problem in the supply of this area would arise. My remarks pointed out
that, of necessity, these unemployed would probably have to be
evacuated. I expressly referred to this document, namely, the first
document of the Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories on this
question where, under seven most important points for the civilian
administration, Point 3 concerns the feeding of the civilian population. Later in the document it says that famines are to be avoided in any
event and that in such a case the population was to receive special
rations. I believe that in these hard times, in view of the laws and
directives, it was impossible for me to do more than that. My entire
political and spiritual position is to be concluded from what I said
yesterday about the demand for liberty and culture in the Ukraine, about
the sovereignty of the Caucasians, and also about the Russian State and
its big... MR. DODD: All right. I don’t want you to go into all that. I understand
you thoroughly, and I think everyone else does. I merely wanted to point
out to you that on that early date you did say there would be harsh
necessities and that there would be very many hard years for the
Russians. That is all. And if you don’t want to acknowledge that you
were serious in saying that, as you were in saying the other things,
then I won’t press you on it. I want to turn to document... ROSENBERG: Mr. Prosecutor, I believe that not much more could have been
done for this problem than by planning beforehand how to master the
difficulties rather than afterwards. Other occupation forces have had
the same experience. MR. DODD: All right. I ask that you be shown Document 045-PS, Exhibit USA-822. [_The document was submitted to the defendant._]
ROSENBERG: Perhaps I might say something more about the translation of
this passage. It was translated to me that these measures were to be
carried through “without any feeling.” In the original it says “beyond
feeling,” or “above feeling.”
MR. DODD: All right, I accept your interpretation; we won’t have any
trouble about that. Now, will you please look at this document? This is
a memorandum found in your files, for your information. ROSENBERG: Yes. MR. DODD: You set out there, in the second paragraph, what you call the
aim of German politics, notably in the Ukraine, as having been laid down
by the Führer. They are, you say, exploitation and mobilization of raw
materials, a German settlement in certain regions, no artificial
education of the population towards intellectualism, but the
preservation of their labor strength; apart from that, an extensive
unconcern with the interior affairs. Then, moving down a little bit—because I don’t think it is necessary to
read all of it, much of it has been referred to in another document—we
come down to the 12th line from the bottom of that paragraph. Beginning
at the 14th line:
“After continuous observation of the state of affairs in the
Occupied Eastern Territories, I am convinced that German
politics may have their own, possibly contemptuous opinion of
the qualities of the conquered peoples, but that it is not the
mission of German political representatives to proclaim measures
and opinions which could eventually reduce the conquered peoples
to dull despair instead of promoting the desired utilization of
manpower to capacity.”
Then, in the next paragraph, you say:
“If at home we had to announce our aims to the whole nation most
openly and aggressively, in contrast to the others, the
political leaders in the East must remain silent where German
policy calls for necessary harshness. They must remain silent as
to any derogatory opinions which they may form about the
conquered peoples. Yes, a clever German policy may in certain
circumstances do more in the German interest through
alleviations which do not affect policy and certain humane
concessions, than through open, inconsiderate brutality.”
Were you honestly expressing your views when you wrote that memorandum
on the 16th of March 1942? ROSENBERG: This document is correct. It was also submitted to me in the
preliminary interrogation. It shows that, although I knew that the
Führer had not accepted my more far-reaching proposals, I continued to
fight for these more far-reaching proposals. And it shows, further, that
I saw the Führer personally, so that a few crazy middle-class people in
the East would not make derogatory remarks about other nations whose
standard of living may to all appearances have been poor at the time. From the many thousands who came in there, I could not expect either
sympathy or antipathy, but I could demand one thing of them if their
attitude was contemptuous, and that was to keep it to themselves and to
act decently. In conclusion I would like to add something which is extraordinarily
decisive, namely, it says here in the last paragraph, “I ask that the
Führer rule on this record and the draft decree.” This instruction is
unfortunately not attached to the document; I believe that much would
have been proved from it. MR. DODD: All right. Now let’s turn to Document R-36, Exhibit USA-699. [_The document was submitted to the defendant._]
You have seen this document before, haven’t you? ROSENBERG: Yes, I have seen it. MR. DODD: Now, this is a memorandum submitted to you by one of your
subordinates, Dr. Markull, and directly submitted to you by Leibbrandt,
also one of your subordinates, one of your top men, on the 19th of
August 1942. I want you to follow along with me while I read you certain
passages from it. The first few lines are dated the 5th of September 1942, and it says,
“To the Reich Minister; on the premises.” It states that there is
enclosed a memorandum containing the opinion of Dr. Markull on the
matter of the Bormann letter of the 23rd July. Before we go into this just for a minute—if you will just pay attention
to this—you told us yesterday that you were in disagreement with
Bormann about some matters. Is that so? ROSENBERG: I said... MR. DODD: Just answer the question. Did you tell us that yesterday? ROSENBERG: On decisive points I did not agree with Bormann. I testified
that in the course of years I was assailed in such a way that, on
occasion, I had to give him an appeasing answer. My whole policy was
to... MR. DODD: All right. Let’s look at this document, which is, as I say, a
memorandum about a Bormann letter to you, dated the 23rd of July, I
assume 1942:
“On 23 July 1942, Reichsleiter Bormann sent the Minister a
letter which enumerates in eight paragraphs the principles which
the Minister is to follow in administering the Occupied Eastern
Territories.”
It goes on to say that you, in a message to the Führer dated the 11th of
August 1942, explained in detail to what extent these principles are
already being put into practice or used as a basis of policy. The next paragraph says:
“Any person reading this correspondence is struck, first of all,
by the complete agreement of concepts. The Minister”—that is
you—“apparently was particularly concerned about two points. The first relates to the protection of German rule against the
pressure of the Slav race; the second to the absolute necessity
of simplifying the administration. These are indeed decisive
problems, of which more will have to be said.”
Then there is this statement:
“For the rest, the Minister”—referring to you—“not only raises
no objections against Bormann’s principles or even his
phraseology; on the contrary, he uses them as a basis for his
reply and endeavors to show that they are already being put into
practice. When, however, Bormann’s letter was read out by
Captain Zimmermann in a conference of the department chiefs,
grave concern was shown at once, both on account of the
phraseology of the letter and the future conduct of our Eastern
policy.”
Then it goes on to say:
“In order to find out whether this concern is justified, it is
best to start from a supposition which clearly shows the
prevailing situation.”
Then, under the Number 1, Markull writes:
“Let us suppose Bormann’s letter were issued to the Reich
commissioners as a ministerial decree. This supposition is by no
means unrealistic since the Minister”—and that again refers to
you—“appears to hold identical views. Since the Ostland
presents a special case, and moreover the Ukraine is, or will
become probably the most important region politically, the
following discussion will mainly be based on that region.”
Then, going on:
“The consequences of a decree of this kind will best be judged
by its effect on those men whose duty it is to put it into
practice.”
Moving down a little bit, he says:
“Imagine the formulas of Bormann’s letter translated into the
language of a member of the German civilian administration, and
you will get, roughly, the following views:
“The Slavs are to work for us. Insofar as we do not need them,
they may die. Therefore, compulsory vaccination and German
health service are superfluous. | common_corpus | {'identifier': '65428-0-22', 'collection': 'Gutenberg', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '', 'title': 'Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremburg, 14 November 1945-1 October 1946, Volume 11', 'creator': 'Various', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '9997', 'token_count': '13955', '__index_level_0__': '41581', 'original_id': 'b512c8d0255adc205c799fadf51ca2fc0d4db57948ce634844bd4597d3638b07'} |
Uncertainty relation is one of the fundamental building blocks of quantum theory, and now plays an important role in quantum mechanics and quantum information[@b1][@b2][@b3][@b4]. It is introduced by Heisenberg[@b5] in understanding how precisely the simultaneous values of conjugate observables could be in microspace, i.e., the position *X* and momentum *P* of an electron. Kennard[@b6] and Weyl[@b7] proved the uncertainty relation
where the standard deviation of an operator *X* is defined by . Later, Robertson proposed the well-known formula of uncertainty relation[@b8]
which is applicable to arbitrary incompatible observables, and the commutator is defined by \[*A, B*\] = *AB* − *BA*. The uncertainty relation was further strengthed by Schrödinger[@b9] with the following form
Here the commutator defined as {*A, B*} ≡ *AB* + *BA*.
It is realized that the traditional uncertainty relations may not fully capture the concept of incompatible observables as the lower bound could be trivially zero while the variances are not. An important question in uncertainty relation is how to improve the lower bound and immune from triviality problem[@b10][@b11]. Various attempts have been made to find stronger uncertainty relations. One typical kind of relation is that of Maccone and Pati, who derived two stronger uncertainty relations
where 〈*ψ*\|*ψ*^⊥^〉 = 0, , and the sign on the right-hand side of the inequality takes + (−) while *i*〈\[*A, B*\]〉 is positive (negative). The basic idea behind these two relations is adding additional terms to improve the lower bound. Along this line, more terms[@b12][@b13][@b14] and weighted form of different terms[@b15][@b16] have been put into the uncertainty relations. It is worth mentioning that state-independent uncertainty relations can immune from triviality problem[@b17][@b18][@b19][@b20]. Recent experiments have also been performed to verify the various uncertainty relations[@b21][@b22][@b23][@b24].
Besides the conjugate observables of position and momentum, multiple observables also exist, e.g., three component vectors of spin and angular momentum. Hence, it is important to find uncertainty relation for multiple incompatible observables. Recently, some three observables uncertainty relations were studied, such as Heisenberg uncertainty relation for three canonical observables[@b25], uncertainty relations for three angular momentum components[@b26], uncertainty relation for three arbitrary observables[@b14]. Furthermore, some multiple observables uncertainty relations were proposed, which include multi-observable uncertainty relation in product[@b27][@b28] and sum[@b29][@b30] form of variances. It is worth noting that Chen and Fei derived an variance-based uncertainty relation[@b30]
for arbitrary *N* incompatible observables, which is stronger than the one such as derived from the uncertainty inequality for two observables[@b10].
In this paper, we investigate variance-based uncertainty relation for multiple incompatible observables. We present a new variance-based sum uncertainty relation for multiple incompatible observables, which is stronger than an uncertainty relation from summing over all the inequalities for pairs of observables[@b10]. Furthermore, we compare the uncertainty relation with existing ones for a spin- and spin-1 particle, which shows our uncertainty relation can give a tighter bound than other ones.
Results
=======
**Theorem 1.** For arbitrary N observables A~1~, A~2~, ..., A~N~, the following variance-based uncertainty relation holds
*The bound becomes nontrivial as long as the state is not common eigenstate of all the N observables.*
**Proof:** To derive (7), start from the equality
then using the inequality
we obtain the uncertainty relation (7) QED.
When *N* = 2 we have the following corollary
**Corollary 1.1.** *For two incompatible observables A and B, we have*
*which is derived from Theorem* 1 *for N* = 2, *and* *stronger than uncertainty relation* (5).
To show that our relation (7) has a stronger bound, we consider the result in ref. [@b10], the relation (5) is derived from the uncertainty equality
Using the above uncertainty equality, one can obtain two inequalities for arbitrary *N* observables, namely
and
The bound in (6) is tighter than the one in (12)[@b30]. However, the lower bound in (6) is not always tighter than the one in (13) (see [Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}).
**Example 1.** To give an overview that the relation (7) has a better lower bound than the relations (6), (12), (13), we consider a family of qubit pure states given by the Bloch vector , and choose the Pauli matrices
Then we have (Δ*σ*~*x*~)^2^ + (Δ*σ*~*y*~)^2^ + (Δ*σ*~*z*~)^2^ = 2, , and . Similarly, \[Δ(*σ*~*x*~ − *σ*~*y*~)\]^2^ = 2, and . The comparison between the lower bounds (6), (12), (13) and (7) is given in [Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}. Apparently, our bound is tighter than (6), (12) and (13). We shall show with detailed proofs and examples that our uncertainty relation (7) has better lower bound than that of (6), (12), (13) in the following sections.
Comparison between the lower bound of our uncertainty relation (7) with that of inequality (12)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
First, we compare our relation (7) with the one (12). Note that , the relation (12) becomes
Simplify the above inequality, we obtain
which is equal to the relation (12).
Similarly, by using , our relation (7) becomes
Simplify the above inequality, we get
which is equal to the relation (7). It is easy to see that the right-hand side of (17) is greater than the right-hand side of (15). Hence, the relation (7) is stronger than the relation (12).
Comparison between the lower bound of our uncertainty relation (7) with that of inequalities (6) and (13)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Here, we will show the uncertainty relation (7) is stronger than inequalities (13) and (6) for a spin- particle and measurement of Pauli-spin operators *σ*~*x*~, *σ*~*y*~, *σ*~*z*~. Then the uncertainty relation (7) has the form
the relation (13) is given by
and the relation (6) says that
We consider a qubit state and its Bloch sphere representation
where are Pauli matrices and the Bloch vector is real three-dimensional vector such that . Then we have , . The relation (18) has the form
where we define . And the relation (19) becomes
Let us compare the lower bound of (22) with that of (23). The difference of these two bounds is
for all . When , the above inequality becomes equality, then the [Eq. (24)](#eq42){ref-type="disp-formula"} has the minimum value . This illustrates that the uncertainty relation (7) is stronger that the one (13) for a spin- particle and measurement of Pauli-spin operators *σ*~*x*~, *σ*~*y*~, *σ*~*z*~.
Let us compare the uncertainty relation (18) with (20). The relation (20) has the form
where we define . Then the difference of these two bounds of relation (22) and (25) becomes
where we have twice used Cauchy's inequality. When and , the above inequality becomes equality, then the [Eq. (26)](#eq49){ref-type="disp-formula"} has the minimum value . This illustrates that the uncertainty relation (7) is stronger that the one (6) for a spin- particle and measurement of Pauli-spin operators *σ*~*x*~, *σ*~*y*~, *σ*~*z*~.
**Example 2.** For spin-1 systems, we consider the following quantum state characterized by *θ* and *ϕ*
with 0 ≤ *θ* ≤ *π*, 0 ≤ *ϕ* ≤ 2*π*. By choosing the three angular momentum operators ()
the comparison between the lower bounds (6), (12), (13) and (7) is shown by [Fig. 2](#f2){ref-type="fig"}. The results suggest that the relation (7) can give tighter bounds than other ones (6), (12), (13) for a spin-1 particle and measurement of angular momentum operators , , .
Conclusion
==========
We have provided a variance-based sum uncertainty relation for *N* incompatible observables, which is stronger than the simple generalizations of the uncertainty relation for two observables derived by Maccone and Pati \[Phys. Rev. Lett. **113**, 260401 (2014)\]. Furthermore, our uncertainty relation gives a tighter bound than the others by comparison for a spin- particle with the measurements of spin observables *σ*~*x*~, *σ*~*y*~, *σ*~*z*~. And also, in the case of spin-1 with measurement of angular momentum operators *L*~*x*~, *L*~*y*~, *L*~*z*~, our uncertainty relation predicts a tighter bound than other ones.
Additional Information
======================
**How to cite this article:** Song, Q.-C. *et al*. A Stronger Multi-observable Uncertainty Relation. *Sci. Rep.* **7**, 44764; doi: 10.1038/srep44764 (2017).
**Publisher\'s note:** Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2015CB856703); by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No. XDB23030100; and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) under the grants 11375200 and 11635009.
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
**Author Contributions** Q.-C.S. and J.-L.L. and G.-X.P. and C.-F.Q. contribute equally to this work, and agree with the manuscript submitted.
{#f1}
{#f2}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ea788354df775af14bff7a3929a5c8dfc8f9cdabb90049b9bcb382d39d9b686b'} |
Uganda: Anything But Gas Flaring, Please
Photo: Wikipedia, Public domain
So Wasteful and Inelegant
Gas flaring has apparently been approved by the government of Uganda for a new oil project by British oil exploration company Tullow Oil. What a wasteful practice! We're constantly talking about reducing greenhouse gas emissions, conserving energy, doing more with less... And we're still allowing more gas flaring? I understand that it might sometimes be technically challenging to do something with the natural gas that is also found when doing oil exploration, but it still seems like a low-hanging fruit for environmental protection. Liquefaction infrastructure is probably too costly, but there's surely a way to pump it back underground. Or can't it at least be used in local gas-fired power plant so that the heat generated by burning it at the very least benefit someone (via conversion to electricity)? Even that might be a problem in some regions, but maybe with some creative policy it could be done (sell exploration contracts under condition that a way will be found to use or sequester the natural gas).
The World Bank estimates that over 100 billion cubic metres of natural gas are flared or vented annually, an amount worth approximately 30.6 billion dollars, equivalent to the combined annual gas consumption of Germany and France, twice the annual gas consumption of Africa, three quarters of Russian gas exports (source)
There's a glut of natural gas these days, but someday when it becomes scarce, we'll wish we hadn't flared so much of it. In fact, it's probably a good idea to start using more of it right now to displace gasoline; CNG cars release significantly less CO2 and smog-forming tailpipe emissions than gas cars.
Via Green Inc
More on Reducing Pollution
Offshore Wind and Wave Farms Should be Designed to Create Artificial Reefs
Sweet! Broadway Pedestrian Plazas in New York City Made Permanent
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The Company You Keep
Click here to speak with a local agent / registered rep.
How To Keep Your People From Jumping Ship
-- Epitaph on the gravestone of industrialist Andrew Carnegie
How important are your employees? They're you're greatest asset. More to the point, "There is no other asset," says Bill Schnittker, founder and president of LIDP, a Chicago-based software company employing more than 100 men and women.1 Quality people can make your company; their loss can break it.
How can you keep your top people from walking out? Here are some suggestions:
• Hire quality. Find the right people... both qualified and dedicated. Conduct several interviews and follow up on references. Most of all, be objective. Don't be won over by charm, but by the promise of productivity. Very often, when an employee leaves, the business owner is not surprised, but saw it coming. So, don't settle or compromise. Decide what characteristics and experience you want in an employee; then hold out until you find it.
• Pay competitive salaries. Finding a first-class employee and then paying slave wages almost guarantees that he or she will jump ship at the first opportunity. "Many factors are important," says Schnittker, "but money is crucial. If you have good employees, you must pay them well." That's why some companies make it a point to pay above the going rate. That gives them the pick of the best employees in the field and virtually eliminates the problem of turnover.
• Provide a positive work environment. "We treat our people like we would like to be treated," explains J. Thomas Koch, President of AAFP Insurance Services, a subsidiary of the American Academy of Family Physicians. His approach works. "Our most tenured employee has been with us 18 years, and only one has been with us less than ten years. 1(Interviews for this article were conducted by telephone on April 16, 2001)
"We only have ten employees, but we have no turnover," Koch says. "However, we did lose several people when we moved the operation from St. Louis to Kansas City. It took us several years to recover. After all, losing even one employee meant a 10% manpower loss."
A positive work environment means more than providing casual Fridays and periodic "attaways." For example, explains Koch, "we work hard to keep all business communications honest and direct. As a result, we have little miscommunication or distrust in our office.
"Additionally, we have as few rules as possible. We hire self-motivated people and try not to micro-manage. Finally, we take into account each individual's issues and foibles. With just 10 employees, that's key to running a small business like ours. We try to be flexible and reasonable."
• Help them develop to their fullest potential. "We are always looking for growth opportunities," says LIDP's Schnittker, whose company started with a staff of 10 in the early 1980s and now has more 100 employees. "When we do salary reviews, we also review opportunities. We discuss how we can help them grow."
• Provide standard benefits. This is just a matter of remaining competitive with the company across the street. Think of benefits as necessities. "They are very important," says Schnittker, "part of the total picture that let's employees know that you value them." Benefits such as life, disability, and health insurance are part of that positive work environment. "Without them, people would feel a big hole in their security," adds Schnittker.
"Medical insurance is particularly important because it is so tangible," says AAFP's Koch. It plays a part in employees' everyday lives. "This isn't to say that life and disability insurance aren't important, but they're non-tangibles for many people."
• Consider a 401(k) plan. This is one of the most popular benefits available today, especially for younger employees, says Koch. It's high profile and very popular. These employer-sponsored accumulation plans allow employees to deposit money, through salary reduction or deferral, and determine how the money is allocated. Very often, a portion of contributions is matched by the employer.
• Use "Golden Handcuffs" for key employees. The official term is "deferred compensation." In a nutshell: If you have a highly-paid, vital employee, draft an agreement (with his or her approval, of course) whereby a portion of current salary is deferred to the future, generally payable in installments at retirement. If the employee dies, a designated beneficiary receives a benefit (generally funded by life insurance). A similar provision is often included for disability.
The employee defers income, saves taxes today, and is assured of job security as well as a supplemental, non-qualified retirement benefit in the future. Since, under the agreement, the employee agrees to forfeit the benefit if he or she leaves the company, the employer is assured that this valued employee will remain. Hence, the name, "golden handcuffs."
As the Nineteenth Century industrialist Andrew Carnegie learned, the key to success in business is to surround yourself with loyal, capable people. So, if you suffer from unhealthy turnover in your company, or just want to make sure you keep your quality people, protect those valuable assets by considering the steps above.
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Lawyers at Heart of Chevron-Ecuador|Dispute Finally Face Off in Court
MANHATTAN (CN) – Two larger-than-life personalities on either side of the litigation over racketeering and oil spills in the Amazon clashed in a New York court Monday.
Taking the stand was Steven Donziger, a towering figure at 6-foot-3, who paints himself and his colleagues as targets of the “most well-funded corporate retaliation campaign in history,” in his 63-page witness statement.
Although he never argued in an Ecuadorean court, Donziger is widely seen as the driving force behind a lawsuit there that resulted in a $9 billion judgment against Chevron. Donziger’s advocacy for his Ecuadorean clients included political lobbying, finding financial backers to support the litigation, and media outreach to outlets like “60 Minutes,” Vanity Fair and filmmaker Joseph Berlinger, who taped the litigation for the controversial documentary “Crude.”
Donziger also landed celebrity support from the likes of Sting, who attended Monday’s court hearing wearing a gray T-shirt seated next to his wife, Trudie Styler, a British actress who is also a prominent supporter of the Ecuadoreans.
“It’s actually a sideshow,” Sting told Courthouse News minutes before questioning began, referring to Chevron’s allegations. “They’ll try to do anything but talk about the real issue.”
Directly behind the rock star sat Chevron’s vice president and general counsel Hewitt Pate, in a business suit.
For Donziger’s supporters, the real issue underlying the case against Chevron in Ecuador is the dumping of billions of gallons of oil in the rainforest by its predecessor, Texaco, which drilled there between 1972 and 1992.
Chevron spokesman Morgan Crinklaw dismissed the high-profile backing as an “unfortunate” sign that “Donziger continues to mislead well intentioned people.”
Randy Mastro, who prosecuted mob cases before representing Chevron for the Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher law firm, contends that the case is about an elaborate fraud on an Ecuadorean court by corrupt judges and ghostwritten scientific reports. He took particular aim at Donziger, whom he has labeled a “criminal” during the course of his civil suit.
Days before the Ecuadorean court ruled against Chevron in February 2011, the oil giant filed a federal RICO suit against Donziger and his associates in the courtroom of U.S. District Judge Lewis Kaplan, who is hearing the case without a jury.
Donziger’s statement features a blanket denial of the allegations against him, a lengthy recitation of the evidence that Texaco sullied the rainforest, and a condemnation of the New York trial.
The first sentence of the document states: “I challenge at the most fundamental level the legitimacy of this proceeding and the appropriateness of the court’s decision to take this case to trial despite the profound foundational problems we have identified in briefing.”
The case, he has long argued, should never have gone to New York because the Ecuadoreans never sought to collect the judgment there. They have filed collections actions in Canada, Brazil and Argentina instead, and Chevron hopes to use a judgment from Kaplan to fight off those actions.
Donziger’s statement, it seemed, had been written more for an appellate court than the one immediately hearing the case.
Judge Kaplan, for example, had made clear long before trial that he would not relitigate the evidence of pollution in Ecuador, an issue he determined to be irrelevant to whether Chevron’s opponents committed fraud to secure the judgment.
Chevron already has moved to strike a large portion of Donziger’s statement on those grounds.
Over the past two years, Donziger and his lawyers have repeatedly accused Kaplan of bias in and outside of court, and have not been shy in predicting that he will rule against them and that they will appeal on jurisdictional grounds. All but two of the indigenous Ecuadoreans named in Chevron’s lawsuit boycotted the New York case.
One of those men, Javier Piaguaje, testified directly before Donziger.
Dressed in a bright red tunic lined with bell-shaped tassels and a wreath-like headdress of yellow and orange feathers on his shaved head, Piaguaje came to the stand as the president of the Siekopai, whose name means “multicolored people.” The stout 41-year-old represented his community in the Asemblea de Afectados por Texaco, a group of indigenous leaders created in response to the lawsuit against Chevron in Lago Agrio. He described the workings of that group in his testimony, but he seemed unfamiliar with the lawsuit’s financing.
Under cross-examination, Piaguaje said he did not know that an offshore trust had been created to collect the judgment, or what the lawyers representing his interests stood to gain from a potential judgment.
Piaguaje’s unfamiliarity with these mechanics presaged the first round of the questioning of Donziger – exploring to what extent he called the shots over the Ecuadorean litigation.
Donziger now plays down his role in securing the judgment against Chevron, a feat he describes in his statement as the “profound historical accomplishment” of his clients. His statement characterizes Ecuadorean attorney Pablo Fajardo as the “lead lawyer” of the case, at whose “pleasure” he says he served.
Mastro tried to undermine that description in a combative and sarcastic cross-examination that began late in the afternoon.
“We meet again, Mr. Donziger,” the pinstripe-suited Chevron attorney said. “Good afternoon.”
Mastro asked whether Fajardo referred to Donziger as the “cabeza,” the Spanish word for head.
“I don’t know,” Donziger replied. “He certainly hasn’t in years.”
Mastro asked about another honorific, “Commander in Chief.”
Donziger replied that Fajardo actually used the term comandante, the Spanish equivalent. “Pablo had a lot of nicknames for me,” he said, adding that this one was a “term of affection.”
Mastro suggested that Donziger referred to Fajardo as “My young field lawyer in Lago.”
That dialogue seemed to highlight the longstanding positions of the two opposing sides: with Chevron emphasizing bluster it attributed to Donziger, who typically insists his words have been taken out of context to serve a misleading narrative of fraud.
In his statement, Donziger said that Chevron did the same thing with “Crude” footage, “professionally video-editing the outtakes to remove, in a way that is barely noticeable to the viewer, my references to our fears of Chevron’s corruption, and submitting these edited outtakes to the court as true and correct copies.”
“This is tampering with evidence, pure and simple,” he wrote in the statement.
Donziger called it “roughly correct” that he earned up to seven times more in salary than Fajardo and stood to gain three times the contingency fee, before explaining that cost of living factor into that equation.
This explanation was stricken from the record as unresponsive to the question.
Referring to Fajardo, Mastro said, “He must be a very generous boss, Mr. Donziger.”
Rebuking the nonquestion, Judge Kaplan said, “Let’s cut it out.”
“Sorry, Your Honor,” Mastro replied.
Mastro displayed a series of invoices and expense forms into evidence as he questioned Donziger’s statement that he operated under constant financial “constraint” and “limitation.” One of the forms showed a more than $21 million budget between 2007 and 2013.
Chevron has been trying to get its hands on a portion of Donziger’s financial documents held by an accountant.
Donziger’s attorney, Richard Friedman, called those expenses a “drop in the bucket” in terms of the costs of litigating against Chevron, even if a much smaller budget would sustain less complicated litigation.
“It’s like calling someone tall or short,” Friedman said. “Compared to what?”
The topic is likely to resurface as Donziger’s questioning continues on Tuesday.
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Read The Sweetheart Online
Authors: Angelina Mirabella
The Sweetheart
BOOK: The Sweetheart
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For the Zeds
he Turnip and I have a history.
Many decades ago, when he was a little boy and his folks were newly split, my sister left him with our parents and came to Memphis to live with me for a short while. It was only two months and just the medicine she needed, quite frankly, but he has held it against me ever since. It seems Sis and I prodded at this still-sore spot three years ago, when we sold our respective homes, pooled our resources, and purchased this new place, with its senior-friendly amenitiesâNo steps to enter! Grab bars everywhere!âand traditional Queen Anne architecture. I thought the Turnip would be glad I moved up North to be with her rather than the other way around, but instead he is as resentful as ever.
Sis and I are still in our pajamas when the Turnip arrives with lunch. We've been up for hours, but it is a fog of a morningâour bodies still making the slow cruise-ship U-turn back to Eastern time, our machine-brewed coffee both comfortingly familiar and suddenly pedestrian. We have only just returned from Bologna, where we visited her granddaughter, Riley, who is spending a semester abroad studying illustration against the wishes of her father, the Turnip. No doubt he is here not only to make sure the old ladies made it back in one piece but also to learn a few secondhand details about Riley's plans for the future. I say if he really wanted to know, he should have gone with us and gotten it from the horse's mouth.
“Your mail came,” says the Turnip. He hands me the stack, and I start going through it with much more interest than I really have. This is how I usually handle his visitsâI occupy myself with some mundane task to keep our interactions to a minimum.
While the Turnip pummels Sis with questionsâWas Riley seeing anyone? What did she say about her summer plans? Is she still talking (God forbid!) graduate school?âI sort the mail into piles, one for bills, another for more interesting stuff. The circulars go directly into the recycling bin. As you might expect, the bills stack up quickly while the interesting stuff remains thin. Nobody mails interesting stuff anymore. Only toward the end of the pile do I find something worth opening. It is plain white and high-quality stockâclearly a card or invitation of some sort. A wedding, maybe? No, the return address says PWHF, which has to be a business of some sort. Only one way to find out.
I slip the letter opener in just as Sis throws up her hands. “If you really wanted to know so much, why didn't you just go with us?”
“That,” he says, “would have been a tacit endorsement of this cockamamie dream of hers.”
That kind of statement is exactly why I can't attempt interactions with the Turnip. Is Riley likely to find fame and fortune as an illustrator? Probably not. But what is the point of youth other than to dream big and go for broke? Goodness knows I did. Life is long. There is plenty of time for pragmatism.
Sis and the Turnip agree to disagree and start setting up lunchâcheesesteaks, the last thing I needâwhile I get my first good look at this invitation:
J. J. D
AY 18, 2013 AT
7:00 PM TO 10:00 PM
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame induction banquet
?” says the Turnip, close to my ear. I had no idea he was looking over my shoulder. “Why would anybody send that to you?”
“They probably thought I was somebody else,” I say in a way I hope sounds tossed off.
“I don't think so. Look,” he says, snatching it from me and turning it over. “Dear Leighâ”
“Give me that,” I say, snatching it back and scanning down to the end of the handwritten note for the signature: Mimi. I put the invitation in the pocket of my bathrobe. I'll read the rest later, when the Turnip is gone.
“You don't know everything about your aunt Leigh,” says Sis. She is forever pestering me to make peace with the Turnip, so it is a nice surprise to find her on my side for once.
He takes a seat and claims a sandwich. “Maybe one day she will do me the great honor of enlightening me.” He takes a big bite and chews in silence. I am almost moved to explain myself to him. But then I hear his voice in my head saying “cockamamie dream” and decide it is better to keep my cards close.
Soon enough, Sis and the Turnip return to their conversation, which lets me slip out of the kitchen and into the bedroom, where I can read the rest of the note in privacy:
Dear Leigh,
Don't you think our old pal Gwen Davies ought to make an appearance on my big night? She is one of the few among us who can still put on a suit and look respectable. I say it's time to let all that old shit go and have some fun. Because it all worked out, didn't it? I'm happy, you're happy, everybody's happy. Let's not let too much more time pass before we get together. We're not getting any younger.
Yours in sports,
Gwen Daviesânow that is a name I haven't heard in a while. Life is funny that way. One day, someone means the world to you, and then, before you know it, you've been out of touch for years. Truth be told, I don't know if
our old pal
is around anymore. And even if she can be found, I'm not sure I have it in me to find her. Talk about history. My issues with the Turnip pale in comparison. But Mimi is as old and dear a friend as I have in this world, and this is her big day. If she wants Gwen to be there, I should probably suck it up and see what I can do.
I get dressed in my walking clothes and fill a water bottle in the kitchen sink while the Turnip tells his mother that this afternoon, he has an appointment to tour a place for sale in the old neighborhood. There's been some new construction in the area, and with it all the usual hopes and fears of gentrification. Too soon to place bets, if you ask me, but the Turnip, who has been ridiculously nostalgic about this pocket of the city ever since we sold the family home, seems ready to double down. I head toward the door.
“Look at you,” says Sis. She sits at the kitchen table, her fingers laced around what might well be her fourth cup of coffee. “We haven't been home for a day yet, and already you're back in action.”
“You know me,” I say. “I always do my best thinking when I walk.”
“What do you need to think about?”
I shouldn't have said that. Sis doesn't know as much about my past as she lets on, but she knows enough. If I don't say something to ease her mind, she will fret the whole time I am gone. It would be easier if the Turnip wasn't here, but he is, and he doesn't seem to be going anywhere soon.
“Mimi wants Gwen Davies to come to her induction ceremony.”
“And what do you think of that idea?”
“I think I'm going to look for her. That's what.”
“Is that so?” she asks, propping her feet on a nearby seat. “Just how do you plan to do that?”
“I don't know. Same way you look for anything that's lost, I guess. Retrace your steps.”
“Sure you don't want to stay for dessert?” says the Turnip, holding out a box of MoonPies. In our family, there has been a long-standing debate over which snack cake is superior: the Turnip's choice, Butterscotch Krimpets, or mine, chocolate MoonPies. I more or less won this argument a few years ago when the Tastykake factory closed its doors for good, but this is the closest I have come to receiving a concession. He's making an effort. This is not lost on me.
“Leave me one,” I say. “I'll eat it when I get back.”
“Suit yourself.” He drops the box on the table and gathers the empty plates.
That's my cue. I give a little wave, head out the door, and take off down the sidewalk. I have no idea where I am going, but at least I know where to start.
Okay, Gwen. Let's see if I can dig you up.
ou want to be somebody else. You don't know who this person might be; all you know is that she should be confident, beautiful,
This isn't what makes your story specialâevery lonely, awkward teenage girl in the history of American adolescence has wanted to be someone else. But unlike those girls, you, Leonie Putzkammer, will have the marvelous opportunity to wholly reinvent yourself: a new name, a new persona, a new life. Right now, you don't aspire to anything better than the likes of ultrapopular Cynthia Riley, your next-door neighbor and once-upon-a-time best friend, but your life is about to take an amazing turn, one that will transform you (albeit fleetingly) into Gorgeous Gwen Daviesâaka The Sweetheart. None of the peaks and valleys that follow this extraordinary year in your life (and believe me, there will be plenty) will come close to the height and depth you are about to reach. And it all starts now, one Saturday afternoon in April 1953, as you are quietly living your unassuming life in the sooty, evenly plotted city of Philadelphia, when you open the front door to the row house you share with your father and find high school teen queen Cynthia standing there, a lock of hair twisted around a finger.
Your responseâstartled brow, parted mouthâbetrays your amazement. It's been a long time. During your early girlhoods, you were the best of friends: brushing and braiding each other's hair, wearing matching jumpers, sharing a crush on Frankie Laine. When your father, Franz, had to work a late shift rubbing powdered color into hats at the Stetson factory, you trucked over to Cynthia's in your pajamas for an evening of Truth or Dare?, séances (your long-dead mother was frequently summoned, but, to your heartbreak, never appeared), and all-night giggling. One afternoon a week, at the insistence of your father, a former Turner himself, you went to tumbling classes at Turner Hall to build
a sound mind in a sound body,
and when you returned home, Cynthia would run from her own row house, take you into her arms, and cry, “Darling, I thought you'd
come home!” as if you were a homecoming soldier and she your long-suffering war bride. Once, the two of you even conspired to unite Franz with Cynthia's divorced mother. You cared little for the facts: your father strongly disapproved of Ms. Riley's many admirers, and Ms. Riley considered herself much too full of life to entertain the thought of a sad old widower like Franz Putzkammer. You could only see the rightness of this vision, so you felt assured your
Lisa and Lottieâ
inspired adventure would bring you all together into nuclear perfection and officially solidify your sisterhood.
Anyone looking at the two of you standing on the stoop would have a hard time imagining you as sisters. Now in her senior year, Cynthia is petite, with approachable girl-next-door beauty: dark, snappy curls and a tiny, squeezable wazoo. Beneath her fuzzy sweaters bounce pert apple-sized breasts. It's an enviable body, easy to drive and poised for privilege. With it, she manages a flock of friends and two boyfriendsâdreamy Freddy, who is high school royalty in his own right, the kind of boy you might cast as the romantic lead in the perfect version of your life, and the older, more enigmatic Wally, whom you sometimes see parked down the block, his dog tags hanging from the rearview mirror, his tattooed forearms resting on the steering wheel as he rolls cigarettes, biding his time until Cynthia can make her escape.
Compared to Cynthia, you are a Viking. Your Nordic blond hair swings behind you in a waist-length ponytail. You are obnoxiously tall: five foot eleven, to be exact, and nearly all of it leg. Your breasts are frightfully ample. When they arrived four years ago, your father insisted you take the only bedroom of your row house and stopped making eye contact with you, which made the distance between you that much more difficult to bridge. You are alarmed by what you see in the mirror, an image as lurid as the Peter Driben illustration taped up in the locker next to yours at school, your body parts best described by sound effects:
, a-woo-gah!
breasts, and a total effect of
homina homina!
This body is incongruent. You are a pensive girl who listens to Georgia Gibbs, reads dime-store detective stories, and likes Ike. Your speed is slow; you shouldn't look fast. You don't know how to handle the catty gossip and taunts your body provokes other than to shrink away. In the hallways at school, you walk hunched over, eyes downcast, a large stack of books ever present in your arms. You are a mouse inside of a tiger.
You don't know if there's a connection between the changes in your bodies and your relationship to Cynthia; you only know that after your mutual dream of sisterhood faded, so did your actual sisterly union. In these last four years, the two of you have gradually disentangled from each other's lives. You were too old to need supervision while your father worked late and not young enough to avoid more household duties, while Cynthia's hormonally driven extracurricular activities frequently led her away from the neighborhoodâand from you. In other relationships, you will do the leaving, but this time, you are the one who has been left behind. You are now at a stage of being only acquaintances, your communications reduced to passing waves and quick hellos. She usually grants you this much, but you always wait to be acknowledged by Cynthia first; you do not want to take the chance that your salutation will hang in the air, unrequited.
But now, here is Cynthia on your doorstep for what might be the first time in years. You hope that your initial expression (here it is again: brow up, mouth open) is still there, revealing only your curiosity and surprise. You pray the torrent of excitement that courses through you remains invisible.
“Say, Leonie,” says Cynthia, “I was wondering. You still know how to do a back handspring?”
Do you know how to do a back handspring? True, you haven't been to Turner Hall in yearsâtumbling was a lot easier when you were shorter and less curvyâbut every once in a while in your physical education class, you horse around on the mats enough to knock the rust off. Tumbling is the one activity that allows you to harness your body's potential and power, the one physical arena where you are confident and in command. Without tumbling, you might not have the coordination, let alone the courage, for all that is to come.
“You know it.” You barely recognize your own voice; you sound uncharacteristically self-assured.
“Great!” Cynthia barrels into the house, as if she held as much dominion over itâand youâas she did four years ago. “You
to teach me.”
You should be taken aback by her audacity, but instead you feel bloated with joy. Might this be a reigniting of your friendship? You know better than to be optimistic, but it's too late: you're already imagining a rekindling or, better yet, a fresh start.
You close the door, point to the coffee table, and say, “Help me move this out of the way.”
â¢Â    â¢Â    â¢
After two hours in the cramped space of your living room going through the same motionsâCynthia holding her arms over her head, you by her side with one hand on her navel, the other on her spine, coaxing the anxious girl back, back, backâCynthia is no better than she was when she first knocked on your door. Even after hundreds of attempts, several near injuries and lots of giggling, she still can't land it. For her last effort, she jumps but then panics, her arms backstroking through the air as she tries to right herself. You lunge forward, but you are a beat late: she falls through your arms and lands with a thud on her back. Cynthia may lead most of your high school around by the nose, but she is no match for gravity. You're secretly glad you still have this one advantage over her. Besides, anything that brings her back down to earth puts her that much closer to you.
“Forget it. It's no use,” she says, remaining flat on the ground.
“Come on.” You reach down so Cynthia can take your hand, but she is right. Still, you're enjoying yourself; you're not ready for this to be over. “Don't give up yet,” you beg, hoping you sound encouraging but not desperate.
“I can't do it. Not unless you loan me your body.”
“Are you kidding?” you say, taking a seat on the floor and stretching your atrociously long legs out in front of you. “I would trade bodies with you in a heartbeat.”
“Really?” Cynthia lifts herself up onto her elbows, incredulous, and pushes a finger right into your breast. “You'd take my bird chest in exchange for those gazongas?”
“You can have them,” you say, although you shy away from the interrogating finger. You are terribly unpracticed in sorority. “Don't forget, you'd be stuck with these stork legs, too.” You fold over at the torso, running your arms down the length of the offending body parts to emphasize their monstrosity. “You'd hover over Freddy on the dance floor.”
This, Leonie, you know all too well. At the sock hops you dared attend, you sat alone and swayed, the boys too frightened of having to rest their heads on your shoulder (or worse, your chest) to ask you to dance. Cynthia never sits at a sock hop. On top of her likable, got-the-world-on-a-string vibe, the girl can cut a mean rug, which has earned her a card-carrying membership on
Bob Horn's Bandstand
and a minor degree of celebrity. She and Freddy's last period of the day is study hall, so they can leave early and catch the subway to WFIL's studio B on Market Street. Freddy is not only her dance partner but also, and more importantly, the other half of
Cynthia and Freddy
. It is a favorite romance of
viewers, a bug-in-a-rug courtship born of the show and played out on the airwaves. This, you learned shortly after Cynthia usurped your afternoon, is what this handspring lesson is all about: Freddy wants her to learn the move so they can make a splash during the next
dance competition.
“Puh-lease,” Cynthia says. “Freddy can bite it. I can't believe I even went for this birdbrained idea of his. Besides, I'm getting sick of
. It's
square. Those old geezers should take their heads out of the sand and pay attention to what the kids in this city are
listening to. I'll tell you one thing, Leonie. It ain't Eddie Fisher and Georgia Gibbs.”
“What's wrong with Georgia Gibbs?”
“What's wrong with . . . see? We
switch. You and Freddy can dance your hearts out to that razzmatazz.” She cocks her head; it seems a thought has come to her. She sits up, tenting her knees and wrapping her arms around them. “You really like Georgia Gibbs?”
You shrug, self-conscious. You think Georgia Gibbs is the cat's pajamas, but you are loath to admit it now. “I think she's all right.”
“She's going to be on the show Wednesday. If you want to see her, you can be my guest. My way of making up for wasting your afternoon.”
Your first impulse: disappointment. You certainly don't think of the afternoon as wasted, and you don't want Cynthia to, either. But slowly you begin to recognize the potential of what's been laid out in front of youâ
Freddy, an up-close encounter with Georgia Gibbs, and, best of all, another afternoon with Cynthiaâand you swell with delight. Maybe your initial optimism wasn't misplaced; maybe this is a new beginning. You are young and still believe in such things. Just in case, you cover your bets and play it cool. “I don't know. I may have plans.”
“Oh, who are you kidding? The only time you ever leave this house is to go to school or buy groceries.”
“That's not true,” you say.
“Geez, Leonie, lighten up.” Cynthia stands up, smooths out her skirt. “If you can't go, you can't go. I just thoughtâ”
“I can go,” you sputter, jumping to your feet. “I just remembered. My plans are for Thursday, not Wednesday.”
“Then, it's settled.” She has one hand on the doorknob already. “I'll come get you from your last class. Dress like a good girl, no tight skirt or nothing. And thanks for trying to help me today, even though it was a lost cause.”
You try to think of a way to entice her to stick around for a while, but you come up empty. You have nothing to bait a trap with, nothing to offer but your wide-yawning loneliness.
“It was fun,” you venture.
Cynthia laughs. “You got some weird idea of fun, Leonie, but okay,” she says, and is gone.
On Tuesday afternoon, the day before your visit to
you rush home, climb out of your school clothes, and hide your embarrassing legs away in dungarees before you flip the dial to WFIL. The televisionâa Philco with a seventeen-inch picture tube and mahogany consoleâwas an uncharacteristically imprudent purchase by your father last Christmas. It took nearly an hour of futzing with the rabbit ears to get a reasonably clear picture, which made you question the whole endeavor, but then your father patted your shoulder and said, “What do you say, Leonie? Maybe now you'll come out of your room once in a while.” You stared at the screen, seeing nothing, only marveling that your father had not only wanted you closer but had done something about it.
There is Cynthia, on the dance floor, under the lights. She is a peach: soft dark curls springing from her head, legs kicking out from her full skirt as she jitterbugs to Ray Anthony and His Orchestra. Together, she and Freddy, in his flat-front pants and preppy vest, are Cute with a capital
The day will come when you will understand what Cynthia was talking about, how she could have all that she has and still feel unsatisfied, but at your tender stage, it is hard to believe. You would salivate with envy except that tomorrow, you'll be out there, too. You prepare by grabbing the handle of the refrigerator and pretending you're in front of the cameras, stepping up and sugar pushing with your own perfect complement. In this daydream version of yourself, you have an easy smile and a pair of manageable, just-right legs. Your whole life is made in the shade.
BOOK: The Sweetheart
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\section{Powers of Group Elements/Sum of Indices}
Tags: Powers (Abstract Algebra), Index Laws, Group Theory
\begin{theorem}
Let $\struct {G, \circ}$ be a group whose identity is $e$.
Let $g \in G$.
Then:
:$\forall m, n \in \Z: g^m \circ g^n = g^{m + n}$
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
All elements of a group are invertible, so we can directly use the result from Index Laws for Monoids: Sum of Indices:
:$\forall m, n \in \Z: g^m \circ g^n = g^{m + n}$
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
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Mushrooms as medicine? Review looks at health benefits of supplements, nutraceuticals derived from fungus
Mushrooms may be considered by some as vegetables when added to a dish, but in reality, they are not. They are fungi that have been shown to possess medicinal benefits. This is widely known and appreciated by many people, hence the considerable number of studies about mushrooms and the active compounds they contain. Researchers from Nanjing Agricultural University in China decided to make a list of the important components found in mushrooms and their medicinal properties. Their review, which compiled the latest information about the health benefits and functional mechanisms of mushroom nutraceuticals, was published in Food Science and Human Wellness.
The health benefits of mushrooms
Several studies highlight the potential of mushrooms to attenuate health hazards caused by obesity, hypolipidemia (decrease in plasma lipoprotein), hypotension (low blood pressure), hypertension (high blood pressure), and aging. Here is a list of the bioactive pharmaceuticals present in mushrooms and what they do:
Polysaccharides. Polysaccharides in mushrooms have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Immunomodulators are chemicals that influence the response or function of the immune system. These polysaccharides work by activating cytokines (signaling molecules) and immune cells like dendritic cells, monocytes, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and macrophages.
They also regulate gut microbiota and gastrointestinal function by serving as energy sources for specific bacterial groups that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valeric acid. These SCFAs are involved in controlling appetite in animals and humans.
Lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs). Lectins are glycoproteins found in mushroom. They bind to carbohydrates present on the surface of cells and have immunomodulatory, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties.
FIPs, on the other hand, have the potential to be adjuvants to cancer treatments because they suppress the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. RIPs are enzymes that inactivate ribosomes, the sites where RNAs are translated into proteins. These enzymes are useful in treating viral, fungal, and microbial infections due to their ability to stop these invaders from proliferating.
Terpenes. Terpenes are bioactive metabolites whose benefits include antioxidant, antiviral, and antimalarial activities. They also display cytotoxicity against some tumor cell lines, namely, HepG2 (human liver), HeLa (immortal cell line), and KB (keratin-forming tumor). Terpenes isolated from Pleurotus cornucopiae also have anti-inflammatory activity.
Terpenese like methyl ganoderate A acetonide and n-butyl ganoderate H isolated from the species Ganoderma lucidum have anti-acetylcholinesterase activity and pharmaceutical companies have developed potential drugs for treating Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases based on them.
Phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds found in mushrooms include phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, tannins, and oxidized polyphenols. These compounds, like their counterparts in plants, have antioxidant activity. They also decompose peroxide, inactivate metals, and scavenge oxygen.
Phenolic compounds provide protection against brain dysfunction, aging, and cardiovascular diseases by scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species. They also have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiviral activities. (Related: Mushrooms may be another great way to get your vitamin D.)
Polyunsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids are the most common lipids in mushrooms. They have the ability to reduce serum cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease. In addition, ergosterol, a major sterol (amphipathic lipid) found in mushrooms, possesses significant antioxidant activity.
Tocopherols, another type of polyunsaturated fatty acids, are also potent antioxidants that protect against degenerative diseases, microbial infections, and heart disease. Linoleic acid, on the other hand, has anti-inflammatory activity and can decrease the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
Based on the evidence they’ve gathered, the authors concluded that mushrooms should be added to a person’s diet, either in supplement form or as food, because of their many active components and medicinal properties. has more information about functional mushrooms and other foods that contain disease-fighting nutrients.
Sources include:
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About Author
1. Actually, I think it is the Japanese garden, not Chinese. I could be wrong, but I remember them having some people over to commemorate the reopening when Kanako was here and they were from Japan. I remember her translating somethings for us.
2. This is very definitely the Chinese Garden. If you take the path over the bridge and out to the main walk, the Japanese Garden starts, and covers a much larger area. :)
3. Ah! My mistake. I don’t remember both countries being represented, but it’s been a while since I’ve been there. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '33', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.964014172554016}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '75135', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FVPMXT6ARN4EXPQTAPV4CWPMFGQDJ3OB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c391c7fc-485f-49d4-991a-85224cce0d22>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 5, 29, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.236.82.164', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PE44NCVVC5XSDPDMITOYQROMWX2EODIL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:36d4dc67-897f-4169-9c3d-d4c27e9bc0df>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.walljm.com/2004/07/02/4508/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:009654b9-6a68-4249-921a-609fcb8aeafd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '135', 'url': 'http://www.walljm.com/2004/07/02/4508/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-63-206-104.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03433692455291748', 'original_id': 'e2f20bb2c880071432cb73da338ce005b05da745cce10e6c348a89f3350028f3'} |
Conservation Volunteers Plant Hundreds of Trees
Over two days in late March, the Mulkear Conservation Volunteers, MulkearLIFE and Inland Fisheries Staff took to the Mulkear River at Annacotty to embark on another practical conservation outing. The outing was planned to coincide with the original dates of the "One Million Trees in One Day 2013" campaign. The “One Million Trees in One Day” is a charity, not-for-profit, cross-border, community and environmental initiative which aims to plant 1 million native Irish trees at various sites across both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland in a 24 hour period.
During this outing a large number of native broadleaf trees of Irish providence trees (Oak, alder, and mountain ash) were planted along the banks of the Mulkear River. Many of these trees were mature specimen trees, several meters in height. The planting conditions along the Mulkear River were exceptional.
A second tree planting outing was undertaken the following morning at Bilboa Bridge, an important High Nature Value (HNV) site. A small but dedicated group of MCV members braved the cold icy conditions to undertake a very considerable body of work. In addition to a large number a native trees being planted the group conducted a general litter pick up with 6 bags of rubbish being removed from the area.
MulkearLIFE would like to thank all the Mulkear Conservation Volunteers who gave so generously of their time to make both outings such a success. During the two events well over 200 trees were planted which will be enjoyed today and by future generations. MulkearLIFE would also like to thank the landowners involved on both the Mulkear and Bilboa Rivers.
Trees play a key role in promoting healthy river eco-systems (Image: Ruairí Ó Conchúir)
The Mulkear Conservation Volunteers are helping to enhance biodiversity through volunteer participation in practical conservation activities linked to MulkearLIFE’s work programme. They are assisting in the conservation efforts of local community groups in maintaining the natural environment of the Mulkear Catchment. The work includes the removal of the invasives plant ‘Himalayan Balsam’ and helping to organise outings, talks, workshops and training on the rich biodiversity of the Mulkear catchment. New members are always welcome. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '957740fcdfa6f435d6f08fcf1f1ea008867a252297993647b0c9b169d2d30373'} |
Live Blood Analysis
Live blood analysis is an alternative practice and can be a helpful tool in a preventative approach to health care. Our blood is a river of life coursing through our body and comes into contact with almost every cell in the body. It carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells and carries away their waste products. Our cells, tissues and organs require nutrients every day to sustain and renew themselves. They receive these from the food and/or supplements digested and absorbed into the blood stream. If we can improve the quality of our blood, then we have the potential to impact and affect every cell in our body.
The technique is simple, a small amount of blood is taken from the finger and is analyzed using a special microscope. The blood is viewed by both the practitioner and client on a monitor connected to the microscope.
Looking at the blood provides a window into the internal environment of your body and can provide you with information about possible imbalances and the impact of lifestyle choices on health. The immediate visual impact can help motivate you to incorporate lifestyle and dietary changes as you can actually see the improvement in the blood over time.
It is important to understand that live blood analysis is not a diagnostic procedure or medical test for any specific disease. It is a tool used to demonstrate to people how their dietary and lifestyle habits may be influencing their health and where appropriate adjustments may be necessary within these areas in order to optimize health and prevent the onset of disease.
Many of us live fast-paced stressful lifestyles and are exposed to toxins in the air, water, food and our daily environments. Without a healthy digestive system the immune system and overall health can be compromised. The development of many chronic and degenerative conditions can be prevented with early nutritional and lifestyle intervention.
Live blood analysis is for educational and nutritional information only and is not to be considered medical advice. It is not used to diagnose, prescribe or treat any disease or health condition.
Nutritional Consultation
Holistic nutrition incorporates the interrelationship of mind, body and spirit and the importance of addressing these interactive factors when looking at the health of an individual. As a Certified Holistic Nutritionist I acknowledge that each person is unique and therefore has different nutritional and educational needs.
Our bodies are built from the nutrients absorbed from the food we eat. Therefore, the healthier food choices we make, the healthier cells we can build. Sometimes food alone cannot solve all of our health challenges as compromised digestion can affect the bodies ability to properly absorb nutrients from our food. Sometimes supplements can be helpful in reaching our goals, although they are in no means a substitute for wholesome nutritious food.
In an initial assessment we will discuss your goals, challenges and preferences as well as complete a True View Body system questionnaire to help identify potential imbalances and toxicities. I will collaborate with you to help you meet your health and nutrition goals in a comfortable and confidential environment and then create a personalized wellness plan. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.918696403503418}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '142752', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OYPUUWL6AUD5VTA763NW6FYSGELWJIEF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0bb1e2cf-5df2-4c36-a89b-2a6f48928238>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 27, 2, 25, 25), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.103.61.209', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FOFIVNBPK27QFJ27UKFC3MRM5VC4M74G', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c8a371ca-7afd-40eb-a156-b0e62fa0b0db>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://truecolourswellness.com/services/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d8fa8de8-cab6-4988-ad6e-57d34a739a37>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '527', 'url': 'https://truecolourswellness.com/services/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-188\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.3649411201477051', 'original_id': '3cded2dcad168b1f398bf8bb3427ee16d5b9ed5b4acaa29d750cab805d6c223c'} |
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We sell art prints donated by photographers to support the work of Doctors of the World - an independent humanitarian charity.
In a nutshell…
Doctors of the World UK is an independent humanitarian movement working with refugees and vulnerable migrants worldwide, providing them with essential medical care while advocating for their right to health.
Each of the prints are generously donated by the artists themselves who prints, packs and sends the artwork straight to your home. All money raised through the site are donated to Doctors of the World. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9166159629821776}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '75815', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2P6MIYTGHXJ4IPV4YGLCNTEPBVPFLZGJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b2085e94-7f9c-4e5e-852c-ebb06b13bb2e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 19, 4, 22, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.49.23.144', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:C6V7CX4HFHEDIIME6YZLHIKLUYEPGPEW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1514517f-9d71-4409-8744-1958a973886c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.printsforrefugees.com/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ea2eaf70-e661-47f3-abe5-bff3a664532a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '94', 'url': 'https://www.printsforrefugees.com/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-149-111-56.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.028206706047058105', 'original_id': 'bb306e8f8f897afd834ea6983ee420fefd64061b39be6768ff184c88f78e1d5c'} |
Monday, April 18, 2016
Microstory 301: Atmosphere
There is no lack of planets in this universe. Why, in this galaxy alone, there are hundreds of billions of stars, with an average of between one and two planets each. Ten billion of these are supposed to be terrestrial, rather than gaseous like Jupiter. Out of these, not all would be composed of an atmosphere comparable to Earth’s. There are probably only about 500 million of those. But that doesn’t mean there should be 500 million kinds of aliens spinning around out there. Even though these planets are capable of sustaining life, they’re not necessarily capable of sustaining evolutionary life. You wouldn’t believe just how many things had to go right on this planet in order to make you a thing that exists. Humans have yet to quantify the unlikely circumstances. Temperature, gravity, pressure, gaseous composition, distance from the sun, solar size, and many more things had to line up perfectly to create life intelligent enough to write a list like that. There’s this argument called the Fermi Paradox which wonders why we’ve not encountered aliens, because there should be a lot of them. But that’s not a paradox. It’s a question. Just because you don’t know the answer to something, doesn’t mean there isn’t one. There are any number of explanations for why we feel so alone. And it all starts with our atmosphere. It has the perfect amount of oxygen to keep us breathing, and to stop insects from being terrifyingly gigantic. The way the wind moves determined the shape of this rock, and regulates our climate. The gaseous composition is vital to our survival. Change the ratios even by a little, and it spells disaster, which is actually what we’re going through right now. Next time you go outside, thank the atmosphere for keeping everything in place.
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Post a Comment | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9431445002555848}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '138351', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AKXEH2FMTHPFQWFWHBCN56RMNCV6B6A2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:028a3aeb-ba7a-459d-926e-86a051d26d71>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 10, 21, 20, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.9.211', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:IVHSORSS75ZEU4FQNXVELQTLCRZL33VC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:65a1a180-34ad-4280-83eb-0aadcc44960a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.nickfisherman.com/2016/04/microstory-301-atmosphere.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9187a281-c3ec-4e1e-9ccc-d6cff590f172>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '314', 'url': 'https://www.nickfisherman.com/2016/04/microstory-301-atmosphere.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-75.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.043284833431243896', 'original_id': '0be915532d3a33245eac46daaa837fb95b2e07f6bc0928a47dad72ae7fc9c43a'} |
Our Mission: To help members obtain their financial targets by focusing on glorious service and worth. Dividends are paid before tax, so it’s as much as you to declare tax on any earnings, though your credit union should have the ability that will help you with the paperwork. Like every financial institution or any firm, credit score unions should generate sufficient extra money to cowl bills on high of the providers they offer, or they’re susceptible to failure. However, there are some key traits of credit score unions that draw many individuals to make the swap. That you must go on completely different bank and credit score union sites and evaluate rates that is really easy.
State-Chartered credit unions are overseen by the state’s financial regulation company and may, but are usually not required to, acquire deposit insurance coverage. Otherwise, credit union financial institution accounts generally operate like another checking account.
Within the old days, a credit score union stored a strict rule that it might solely lend to those who already had financial savings but this is altering; some will now lend to those who are new to the organisation. Consumers may marvel what the variations are between having a savings or checking account at a CU and a bank. You may pay in on the local credit union workplace, or generally by means of a publish workplace.credit unioncredit union
When credit score unions don’t have sufficient incoming money, they aren’t in a position to easily operate their techniques of monetary companies to members they usually should shut down. Credit score unions first appeared within the early to mid 1800s in Europe, however they did not come to America until over half a century later. That common issue may be residing in the identical city, working in the identical industry (eg, the Police Credit score Union) or belonging to a specific commerce union. There is really no solution to gauge service than by both contacting the credit union, or strolling in the door. However, they do have options that might be more appealing to some that aren’t concerned about having an account at an everyday industrial financial institution. As a substitute for a credit score union, you may find a Group Growth Finance Establishment is in a position that will help you with a small loan.
Perhaps it’s because credit score unions appear to be smaller vs. a financial institution who caters to a lot of people. In other words the profits are shared between the members of that union within the form of decrease interest rates and higher dividends. Working as a non-revenue group, a credit union uses excess earnings of the financial establishment to supply its members higher and more affordable loans, decrease fees as well as larger return on their financial savings. Credit score unions additionally supply lower interest rates on bank cards and loans than banks. Based on the Credit score Union National Association (CUNA), charges provided by credit unions are typically higher than the rates offered by banks. If you end up doing business with a bank the investors are gaining revenue form you. Credit union savings normally provide a dividend rate slightly than an rate of interest.credit union | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '14', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9667514562606812}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '75695', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:F3PBGLZYPXQJGMCXIEXAAN3FB6ZH6FJ3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c3ba0305-06fb-463e-b9d8-46a50bf7fa50>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 8, 25, 20, 13, 47), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.18.50.112', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DP2MFU7FL446VMZW4JZA2JW2PW23BEOI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:88eca57b-1cb5-4ca9-a4d4-55e4da89ace4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.astretchout.com/advantages-of-a-credit-union-and-how-they-work.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0a81daf1-6876-4163-97e4-fc4af318f96a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '534', 'url': 'http://www.astretchout.com/advantages-of-a-credit-union-and-how-they-work.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-35\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-226.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1755322813987732', 'original_id': '43e0023db4eded1ef7ad2d2ab76c158ab3d802a875a5f5d7489b68da99e33fb5'} |
Thursday, 10 January 2013
Woman is a woman's best enemy?
A short story first.
Her husband had refused to accept dowry in the name of 'Shagan' when they got married. Whatever the educated father of the well-educated girl wanted to give out of love, the husband was somehow convinced to accept. The educated in-laws supported their son's stand, just like the son supported the woman of his life. The wedding went off smoothly. The families rested happy. But the tale does not finish here. There was a section of humankind not happy at all - all Women. Taunts to the mother-in-law for getting no clothes for the extended family, diamond ear rings for their daughters, car for the family and silk saris for themselves flew everywhere. Inane directives in shrill female voices to the newly wed daughter-in-law varied from no-inauspicious-white-hanker-chief-please to shock being announced at her being left-handed (with the husband being told politely to correct the bad habit). These, not by witches from every woman's nightmare, but by the 'closest' Female relatives of the family, who had themselves, dutifully (and traditionally!) married off their own very educated daughters with much fanfare and enough jewellery sets for the camera to capture and neighbours to see. And Daughters of these loud ladies - architects, doctors, engineers and pilots, quietly let their mothers act the devils in no disguise. (Silence is golden. Our parents taught us not to speak in front of elders. And anyway, it happened to us, why should someone else get away easy? Going against "tradition" is a modern-mentality and westernised human nature to be looked down upon and talked-about. What club-mentality!)
A small and singular example, but a universal truth, of how we as Women have failed to respect our own kind. How we as Women have not the courage to stand up for change that we ourselves desire. How we as Women help perpetuate a system of hurting, humiliating and hating other Women - all in the name of what our educated minds and hearts know as wrong.
Lighting candles for victims of another's disrespect is easy.
How about lighting one for those Women in our own lives who we have 'victimised' ourselves, with disesteem and contempt, rejection and orthodoxy? Or lighting one for searching out the she-devil on the loose - wearing anything and everything from a bindi to Prada, a saree to Gucci, vermilion to a tattoo?
Let's look within for the human who can see and change the smallest yet darkest details at home, rather than for the leader who promises to change the country. The revolution begins there - within and at home. And if you as an educated woman cannot see that, then use the same candle to burn the degrees you have earned. They are all a waste, and so is the gift that was given to - that of being a Woman!
Related Posts Plugin for WordPress, Blogger... | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9675320386886596}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '109464', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VVAISK6XRLD7T6MH2A5INTWWQDCMEMCB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:23417462-601a-4529-8989-f751e35bfebe>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 22, 8, 35, 22), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.164.147', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MBPDIDFBSR3SILRIRIS7HG57RL3RZZ6I', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d32a9536-658d-4f07-af3e-43671ca27f99>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.sakshinanda.com/2013/01/woman-is-womans-best-enemy.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8277d12f-3253-42fe-b541-600c59435d4a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '472', 'url': 'http://www.sakshinanda.com/2013/01/woman-is-womans-best-enemy.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-168-29-43.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02278578281402588', 'original_id': '61963ee6c0639eb7577514f649e566bbe9a85093c7c23137c0ec740b06c2c8b9'} |
Phosphorus-31 MRS of the kidney.
Phosphorus-31 (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the kidneys promises to provide metabolic information leading to better assessment of renal physiology. However, the problems of studying the metabolism of the heterogeneous renal architecture by precisely localizing the origin of the signal obtained from small voxels and eliminating motion artifacts have not been solved as yet. The normal 31P MRS spectra show a characteristic fingerprint of six peaks including phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, inorganic phosphorus, and gamma, alpha, beta adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Renal failure, regardless of its etiology and mechanism of inducement (hypoxia, ischemia, acidosis, or obstruction) produces a loss of ATP with a progressive increase of inorganic phosphorus and a decline in intracellular pH. The severity of renal failure correlates with the severity of the metabolic disturbance. The potential use of 31P MRS in the assessment of renal viability has been applied to the study of renal preservation methods and prediction of renal function following transplantation. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c6948bedbebaa40ef2ad3c732980f069a93c12ca68f4e921e475d5b26302cf90'} |
The British Army has been recognised for good practice on workplace race equality and inclusion.
The Army is one of 70 employers included in the 2018 listing, which recognises good practice on workplace race equality and inclusion and celebrates the public and private sector organisations making a difference in this area. The listing is unranked and is published in alphabetical order.
To be considered for the listing, employers must demonstrate that they are putting leadership on race in place within their organisation, creating inclusive workplace cultures and taking action on leadership, progression and/or recruitment. They must also show how their policies are positively impacting Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic employees within their organisations.
Sandra Kerr OBE, race equality director at Business in the Community, said:
“Huge congratulations to The British Army on being named in the Best Employers for Race 2018 listing and as the Winner of the Public Sector Recruitment Award. They have demonstrated strong leadership and commitment on creating fair, diverse and inclusive workplaces that work for all employees, including those from BAME backgrounds.
In a rapidly changing global business environment, it’s vital that organisations make the most of all the diverse talent available to them to successfully compete, and the Army is doing just that. I hope more employers will learn from their example and sign up for the Race at Work Charter launched earlier this month.” | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd7898a34b49dd769d4c81782abcf9f8c983e71edc8ab8dfcdb145f9ea775c2d5'} |
Depression can have a strained relationship with sex. The connection between depression and sex is not new.
When a person is depressed and the brain chemicals that stimulate desire and arousal are not pumping and the brain is not firing the way it normally does, one may find they are disinterested in sex, have no arousal or desire, have trouble with getting and maintaining erections, and may find that their body just does not function the way they are used to.
Now add to that mix anti-depressant medication, specifically SSRIs and we now know this can be toxic for sexual functioning.
For decades, people have complained that when they went on anti-depressants, they had a loss of sexual feeling or desire and that their sexual functioning was impaired. We now know that long-term use of SSRIs can create long-lasting impacts. Whether these are reversible is not yet known.
A recent article from Canadian drug policy researcher, Alan Cassels, presents a harrowing picture of how dire this connection may be.
Dr. David Healy has been studying PSSD, (Post SSRI Sexual Dysfunction), and his recent study showed evidence based on over 300 case studies that people are experiencing a tremendous loss of sensation and other sexual impairments. He believes that almost everyone who takes an SSRI/SSNI will experience some form of sexual dysfunction. He found that people experienced:
“…premature ejaculation and persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD), but other drugs were also linked to ‘genital anaesthesia, pleasureless or weak orgasm, loss of libido and impotence.’”
One of the most troubling aspects of this horrendous situation is that doctors all-too-often dismiss patient’s sexual concerns, particularly women. As medicine has been increasingly driven by the pharmaceutical industry, the shortcuts for doctors to just prescribe a pill and send a patient away have been too easy and the financial kickbacks and conflict of interest troubling.
This new research is illuminating what many people have known for a long time: that anti-depressants not only adversely impact their sexual expressing and experience, but that it may create a whole other level of mental and emotional distress to lose sexual pleasure and ability to have sex in the way they are used to.
In my work, I experience so many people who feel they have missed out by not having the sexual experiences they’ve wanted for such huge chunks of their lives. This brings a whole other element to the soup that keeps us from the erotic power and sexual ecstasy many of us desire.
There are many ways to develop ourselves sexually and falling into despair about the impacts of anti-depressants certainly will not be the cure. Seeking support, education, new opportunities for growth and exploration is key to taking control of it.
With COVID, people have truly been suffering emotionally and the use of SSRIs have risen dramatically. It’s so important that we talk about the impact on our sexuality and sexual functioning, that we not be afraid to talk about it and to ask questions of our doctors.
We get to hold them to a higher standard and make sexuality the important part of the equation that it is.
We all get to be well emotionally, mentally and sexually and one does not need to eclipse the other. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.927140772342682}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '56480', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VNK4TZQJOLSBDCDCSIYG37HOP6MJIJIS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:93b5aa75-c063-41e0-9185-3782770c4b93>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 25, 17, 30, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '158.51.62.215', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZPFQNYBIUPZ47AFRTTT5DDH6BJP6G2MP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f77f4608-59d5-4d5a-94ee-0c35095f2051>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.amyjogoddard.com/depression-antidepressants-and-sex/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:42d97d84-a7bd-4347-91b6-0d49cfa756cc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '512', 'url': 'https://www.amyjogoddard.com/depression-antidepressants-and-sex/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-156\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02192091941833496', 'original_id': 'a0903081f059fe9bc785f831b34167d10966c28c3c44574a23bdda7c3fa43b6e'} |
Nov. 6, 2008 -- Health groups are fuming at Hollywood's continued taste for smoking.
A new study by the American Medical Association Alliance, the volunteer branch of the AMA, finds that over the past six years more than half of the movies geared toward children feature characters smoking. In more than a quarter of the movies, actors light up cigars.
And officials say the Motion Picture Association of America has failed to deliver on its vow last year to weigh smoking in the ratings process.
Among the latest study's findings:
•Since 2002, out of 617 movies rated G, PG or PG-13, 57% have featured smoking; since 2007, when the MPAA's stricter policy took effect, 49% have featured smoking.
•Out of 441 movies rated PG-13, 296, or 67%, have featured smoking of some kind. That number has dropped to 56% since last year.
Sandi Frost, president of the AMAA, says the group launched the study after noticing that most of the teen-oriented summer blockbusters, including "Iron Man," "The Incredible Hulk" and "The Dark Knight," featured cigar smoking.
"Hollywood has not responded to the call of the public to reduce the images of tobacco," she says. The MPAA "hasn't fulfilled its promise."
MPAA spokesman Seth Oster takes issue with the study. He says his organization's own four-year analysis of 3,400 films found that of the 1,938 movies that featured smoking, 75% were rated R. In addition, he notes, the MPAA has added phrases such as "glamorizes smoking" and "pervasive smoking" in its ratings. "We have incorporated smoking as a factor on par with other issues like language, violence and sexual situations," Oster says. "The motion picture industry takes very seriously the issue of smoking in films."
The AMAA and American Lung Association are pushing for any film with smoking — other than a biographical film or a movie addressing the dangers of tobacco — to get an automatic R rating, which requires anyone under 17 be accompanied by an adult.
"Hollywood has been bombarding people with smoking messages for decades," says Paul Billings, vice president of national policy and advocacy for the lung association. "But they're still allowed to send the wrong signal to kids, who are seeing their heroes smoking." | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b4c769c5ab569d7127b75595316f7d8c78a64b7be4465650b544a599a0bd4862'} |
Russia says they will send troops to site of chemical attack in Syria
In the wake of the deadly chemical weapons attack, Russia will send troops to the Syrian town of Douma, according to multiple news outlets. Veuer's Sam Berman has the full story.
Buzz60 | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd33e23fec441f35cdee0128d6c495a86543788c0972feb45b9c3a25ad569cb4d'} |
Saturday, May 24, 2008
Debate about the role of government
As a public policy Masters student I am highly interested in learning the history of the role of government. My undergrad in Sociology and Canadian Studies also fuels my interest in thinking about how we should create our society. Paul Wells has an excellent article in Macleans about the debate that Dion and Harper will not be able to avoid in the next election: the role of federal government:
The Harper Conservatives will argue, in effect, that there is not much left to do. The fruits of Canadian governments' smart decisions over the past decade and a half are in danger precisely because governments will be tempted to get big ideas, to tax and spend us all into penury again with grandiose projects. The way to stop that is to get still more money out of Ottawa's hands and into yours with tax cuts.
The Liberals will argue that budget surpluses, high employment and relatively low taxes are a solid base from which to relaunch an era of government ambition. They have a tougher row to hoe, simply because activist government has fallen out of public favour while we've spent nearly a generation reining government in. But they have to make an argument for activist government, whether it's an easy sell or not. First, they can't outbid the Conservatives as fiscal managers because Paul Martin the prime minister was ingenious in finding ways to torpedo the legacy of Paul Martin the finance minister. Second, the road back to power lies in persuading the NDP voters of 2006 to vote Liberal in 2008 or 2009. Dion can't woo Harper's voters away from Harper, not yet, so he needs to unite the left.
I believe the government should create incentives or programs that do not create a state of dependency. I really believe the past thirty years since Trudeau's Charter of Rights and Freedoms that we as citizens have become too fixated about "rights" instead of our responsibilities as citizens. Politics has become subdivided into identity politics where people are just interested in what's good for their "kind" (in whatever form that make come in).
Why create social housing, and put more money into it doing repairs to them, when we should create more incentives and opportunities for people to own their own home. Of course this shouldn't be in the form of sub-prime mortgages, but it's common sense that people take care of things better when it's their own.
Why create a health care system (or any social program) that will not be sustainable with an aging population, and not enough younger people and babies (future tax payers) to sustain it.
Why create an education system sending students off to the next grade level without the grammar and social skills they need. Or allowing high school students to graduate without a course on economics, a topic that is at the forefront of every day news stories.
Why remove funding to national defense to pay for other social programs, and when disaster strikes (whether in the form of terrorism or natural disaster) we're stuck chartering out equipment.
We need 21st century leadership and solutions to the challenges our society faces.
I really don't think Stephane Dion offer this.
I didn't vote for Harper the first time around; I wasn't convinced he could lead the country. But he got my vote in Jan 2006 and he will get my vote in the next election.
Anonymous Ray K said...
"I believe the government should create incentives or programs that do not create a state of dependency."
That's an oxymoron.
Sat May 24, 09:52:00 AM EDT
Blogger Roy Eappen said...
An excellent post
I believe in as small a government as possible. That's why I want lower taxes. Money is the oxygen that lets runaway government exist. Let's cut off this oxygen.
Sat May 24, 10:59:00 AM EDT
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'Hell's Kitchen' High Five: '16 Chefs Compete'
'Hell's Kitchen' High Five: '16 Chefs Compete'
Here's your BuddyTV High Five: The five big moments and questions from tonight's episode of Hell's Kitchen, "Top 12 Compete."
I won't lie: Hell's Kitchen stresses me out. But that's what makes it so good. In other reality shows, I don't get as invested as I do when Chef Ramsay takes someone out verbally. This season, if the first two episodes are any indication, is going to follow suit and I will probably need a valium.
High Five Highlights:
5. Early Morning Wake Up: Wanting the chefs to be up early after an abysmal night before, Chef Ramsay wakes the chefs with loud music and then offers up the new challenge. He wants the chefs to go "back to basics", pairing them up and asking them to cook steak to specific temperatures. Will, however, has to work solo due to odd numbers.
4. Back to Basics: The first pair of women get all their steaks cooked correctly during but not all of the girls are so lucky. The men win and the women are pissed especially at the women who couldn't cook the steak. They don't lose by much but second place in this game is always the loser. They have to clean the grills as part of losing. Meanwhile, being a vegetarian for most of my life, I have never the inside of so much meat at one time.
3. Masterchef meets Big Brother or Survivor: Taking a cue from other reality shows, the women's punishment is more than just the grill. They have to eat the meat cooked... mixed up in a blender. The men get to go to Palm Springs and eat with Chef Ramsey. I'm pretty sure none of their food was put in the blender before they ate it and they didn't have to clean up afterward. They also have to do something with carcasses but I won't lie, I didn't really watch that part.
2. Back in the kitchen: Hell's Kitchen opened for a second time in tonight's episode and the men are determined to make a comeback like Michael Vick. (Maybe a bad analogy, especially because of the carcasses mentioned above.)
1. Goodbye, Brendan: Brendan is sent home giving the men's team hope for a new start next week.
- There are a lot of chefs from New Jersey and Pennsylvania this season and so, I am rooting for the home town heroes. Who are you rooting for this season on Hell's Kitchen?
Jennifer Leah Peck
Contributing Writer
(Image courtesy of FOX)
News from our partners | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9689814448356628}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '76059', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HTQ4UU6MZC3VSPQMWNLZWYG5QEVXVARJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:66c17cd8-e82c-44be-b409-5c66460400c4>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 28, 23, 45, 46), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.115.104.2', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:UMSYLQXQIDPSAAL3TUKSSEVULEPXHAXL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:081813b1-ac97-4390-816e-301aef6742aa>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.buddytv.com/articles/hells-kitchen/hells-kitchen-high-five-16-che-41080.aspx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:876ac40c-3cf1-4dcc-83fc-df51cfb5facc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '429', 'url': 'http://www.buddytv.com/articles/hells-kitchen/hells-kitchen-high-five-16-che-41080.aspx', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-35\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for August 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.12276500463485718', 'original_id': '3a9467ddbdb0a221d81c893bb7782faf66b4f53782d1ec2cc355d1b11401e7c3'} |
As a semiconductor device is miniaturized, a characteristic variation of a transistor increases. In a SRAM, since a transistor smaller than a logic circuit is used, the characteristic variation is larger than that of the logic circuit. Especially when a power supply voltage is low, it is difficult to hold the write margin of the SRAM against the characteristic variation.
In order to secure the write margin of the SRAM, there is a method of making a low potential of a bit line become a negative potential at the time of writing. In order to effectively operate the method of making the bit line become a negative potential at the time of writing, the value of the negative potential of the bit line and a timing of switching the bit line to the negative potential are required to be controlled with high accuracy.
If the value of the negative potential of the bit line is significantly increased, a nonselected cell is erroneously written. If the bit line is switched to the negative potential at a significantly early timing, a sufficient negative potential cannot be applied to the bit line. Meanwhile, if the bit line is switched to the negative potential at a significantly late timing, it takes a longer time for writing operation. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '136a4fdf54964f28797c98b838b676df165a1f765dce2472ea703847e3944c94'} |
Peyronie's Desease is the supreme prevailing and no problem the maximum frustrating of mannish physiological property disorders. It was accepted as matutinal as the mid 18th period by a French physician, Francois Gigot de la Peyronie. It is au fond hardened mutilation tissue at a lower place the shell of the member that can completely striking a mans sexual dramatization.
It commonly leads to chafed erections and status of the erect erectile organ. Sometimes the mutilation body part animal disease all the way around the member making a waistline or chokepoint variety of malformation of the erectile organ line. Far and distant the starring ill of this sickness is lessening or edible fat of the penis.
Peyronie's Disease affects iv percent of males concerning ages 40 and 70. Some genuinely strict cases have been reportable in little men. Researchers feel that the actual data are higher; in all probability as superior as viii pct of the US male population.
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There are different degrees of Peyronie's Disease and the bulk of cases can be treated, particularly in the proto stages. It does not inflict major eudaimonia problems nor is it vivacity threatening. However, it does bring noticeably psychological state and letdown on with the following:
2. abnormal curvature of the penis
3. decreased penile rigidity
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4. difficulty beside penetration
5. and status to both partners during intercourse.
The danger is by and large beside acquiring and after maintaining an sexual arousal. As we all know, an hard-on is a response to physiological property rousing. In physiological property stimulation, the muscles in the member originate to ease up allowing liquid body substance to plague the arteries of the corpora cavernosa. This is the absorbent look-alike tissue in the phallus.
This growth in bodily fluid causes the lengthening of the phallus and compresses the blood vessels, which blocks the humour tumble out of the erectile organ. With humor flowing in but not out, the erectile organ is competent to state its erection.
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Commonly Confused Words: Discreet vs. Discrete
What does each word mean?
If you are discreet it means you are prudent or unobtrusive with your speech and actions in order to keep something confidential or to avoid embarrassment.
Click here for the full Spellzone dictionary definition of the word.
Here is discreet used in some example sentences:
• He tried to cough discreetly so that he didn’t disturb other library users.
• The actor tried to be discreet about her personal life.
• His mother always embarrassed him with her inability to be discreet.
If something is discrete it means it is separate or distinct.
Click here for the full Spellzone dictionary definition of the word.
Here is discrete used in an example sentence:
• The instructions broke down the task into a list of discrete steps.
Where does each word come from?
Both discreet and discrete date back to the late fourteenth century and come from the Latin ‘discretus’ which meant ‘separated, distinct’. In Medieval Latin, ‘discretus’ meant ‘discreet, sensible, intelligent, wise’.
Are there any tricks to help remember the difference between discreet and discrete?
• The word discrete is usually used in technical or scientific circumstances.
• Discrete means separate. The two Es in discrete are separated by a T.
• Discreet is spelt with two Es like the word creep. Think of someone creeping about while trying to be discreet.
Sources: The Online Etymology Dictionary.
02 Apr 2019
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Anne Shisler, SENCO, City of London School for Girls | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '33', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.908806324005127}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '23099', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TCTOC4XCOCV3JUIRRU3NWMJHN7H36273', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9d8de305-9195-42e4-8883-7027fba86255>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 9, 0, 1, 16), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.26.13.125', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KYHN2PF3QHAHLRHJE23QLIGNUJXO3D3N', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:487d4728-22f3-4dfa-b2a7-223d6350695d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.spellzone.com/blog/Commonly_Confused_Words_Discreet_vs_Discrete.htm', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f035e65f-c26b-4d23-95a5-45df4eb920e4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '292', 'url': 'https://www.spellzone.com/blog/Commonly_Confused_Words_Discreet_vs_Discrete.htm', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-73.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.23561376333236694', 'original_id': '8de24898f381f6571e46420dbec77c8afbaa7314c7b8a93d9c7b73033fbc3ce8'} |
The Masters of Enlightenment: Albert Einstein
The Low Density Lifestyle book is now out! You can check out an excerpt from the book, and buy it, at the Low Density Lifestyle bookstore.
AlbertEinsteinThe series on the Masters of Enlightenment continues today with a profile of a man who was one of the greatest scientists of all time, and who, through his blend of logic, creative intelligence and intuitive insights, opened our minds to the way the universe operates, and in the process, opened the doors of perception to the realm in which science and spirituality merge.
Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 and died April 18, 1955. He was a German theoretical physicist who discovered the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics; his theories also provided the concepts and foundation for quantum physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics “for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.”
He escaped from Nazi Germany in 1933, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences, and settled in the U.S., becoming a citizen in 1940. He taught physics at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955.
Einstein was a scientist, an artist, a philosopher, a rebel, and a mystic. He was an original thinker, and left his indelible mark in the collective consciousness of the world.
His life’s work earned him Time Magazine’s award in 1999, in their retrospective issue that looked back at the 20th century, as “Man of the Century.”
Young Einstein
Young Einstein
While growing up, Albert Einstein had such a spotty track record as a student that no one would have predicted where he would end up. One teacher told the young Einstein, “You will never amount to anything.” Einstein was later expelled from high school and flunked his college entrance exam.
The issue for Einstein as a student was that he did not think in a purely linear way, which is the way the education system generally teaches.
Sadly, the way the education system is constituted these days, it plays a major role in the repression of genius, human potential, and the potential for self-realization and enlightenment.
Many brilliant thinkers who have done much to change the course of humanity are not linear thinkers. They are creative thinkers who see the world in original ways.
If creative thinkers are expected to adjust their thinking from a nonlinear way to a linear one, in order to conform to the one-size-fits-all method of teaching that is the norm in education, they eventually lose their capability for original thinking. And sadly, when this occurs, the world becomes poorer for the experience.
Albert Einstein pointed this out in the case of the 19th century scientist Michael Faraday, who discovered electromagnetism. Einstein said of Faraday’s discovery, “Faraday’s discovery was an audacious mental creation, which we owe chiefly to the fact that Faraday never went to school, and therefore preserved the rare gift of thinking freely.”
Because of his own spotty track record as a student, once he graduated college, it was only thanks to a family connection that he got a job, as a civil servant in a patent office in Switzerland.
It was while working there in 1905 that he changed the course of history with his discovery of Special Theory of Relativity, which he wrote about in a published paper. Over the next few years, he expounded on Relativity Theory with papers on the nature of light and the General Theory of Relativity.
Einstein’s theories changed the notion of space and time, the notion of mass and energy, the notion of matter and light, and the way they are all perceived.
albert-einstein2He opened the door to the understanding that the universe we live in is one ruled by quantum laws, a universe in which matter is primarily empty space rich in information and consciousness. Einstein’s perceptions showed that at its core, matter is not solid but comprised of waves.
Faced with such bold new assertions, it is understandable how Einstein and other scientists of the era who built on Einstein’s theories came to adopt a mystical worldview. They realized the universe was much different than what they had been taught, and that this new conception of the universe was closer in line with the teachings of Eastern philosophies than anything existing science could define.
Einstein was a brilliant creative thinker, one who saw the universe with fresh eyes. He had beginner’s mind – the mind of an original thinker – and maintained it his entire life. At his memorial, the scientist Robert Oppenheimer proclaimed: “He was almost wholly without sophistication and wholly without worldliness . . . There was always with him a wonderful purity at once childlike and profoundly stubborn.”
Einstein and the Indian poet, novelist, musician and mystic Tagore
Einstein and the Indian poet, novelist, musician and mystic Tagore
You may not be able to comprehend the profundity of his scientific achievements, but there are many other things that Einstein said that are equally as profound. Here is a sampling of them:
* “Imagination is more important than knowledge.”
* “Gravitation is not responsible for people falling in love.”
* “I want to know God’s thoughts; the rest are details.”
* “Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one.”
* “The only real valuable thing is intuition.”
* “A person starts to live when he can live outside himself.”
* “God is subtle but he is not malicious.”
* “Weakness of attitude becomes weakness of character.”
* “I never think of the future. It comes soon enough.”
* “The eternal mystery of the world is its comprehensibility.”
* “Sometimes one pays most for the things one gets for nothing.”
* “Science without religion is lame. Religion without science is blind.”
albert-einstein-21* “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.”
* “Great spirits have often encountered violent opposition from weak minds.”
* “Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.”
* “Common sense is the collection of prejudices acquired by age eighteen.”
* “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”
* “The whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking.”
* “Technological progress is like an axe in the hands of a pathological criminal.”
* “The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible.”
12 Responses to “The Masters of Enlightenment: Albert Einstein”
1. matthew says:
no words ………..but a lot of inspiration
2. Rashid ullah khan says:
I am thinking about the mathematics of right angle triangle and about alternative form of Pythagorean theorem with out neglecting fermats theorem
3. Tina says:
I love the image you have of Einstein with the quote about the intuitive mind. I’d like to know if I can put in on my website.
4. That would be fine, Tina. If it works to put a link back to this site that would be great, if not, that’s ok too.
5. Nickolas says:
This guy is so so so so amazing~
6. Dear Dr. Micahel Wayne. My name is Rev. Wayne Perryman, I am an inner-city minister who has worked with gang members and at risk youth for the past three decades. I am currently writing an inspirational book with this group as the target market, and would like get permission to use the photo of young Einstein in the book. The title of this self-pubished book: “Teens & Young People Who Impact the World.” The book is a series of short biographies of individuals who started their career interest as a child. Many of the books will be donated to youth organizations and inner-city teenagers others will be sold to fund other educational projects of the Legacy of Lincoln Foundation, a 501 C3 organization dedicated to producing educational materials for young people (206) 708-6676
7. That would be fine.
8. mete says:
albert is a 25th century man…….
9. parmod kumar says:
its give me inner inspiration
Check out what others are saying about this post...
1. [...] endeavors. Never forget this in the midst of your diagrams and equations.” (Albert Einstein) Image Credit Share this:TwitterFacebookLike this:LikeBe the first to like this [...]
2. [...] Albert Einstein: and [...]
Speak Your Mind
Tell us what you're thinking... | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1079', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9714254140853882}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '68213', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EI2RKB5OMFHOISR3SLGOJRSFEDXSFESD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f27ccee9-6889-4eeb-be35-b6ecf62f3b72>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 12, 55, 53), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.210.123.30', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:F6BIJGW4MLNSZ73XC24WS7FYMTZJTTVD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8ba586bf-f91f-4d28-8c6a-846e2d59ddd3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.lowdensitylifestyle.com/the-masters-of-enlightenment-albert-einstein/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5b518f9c-ef18-4600-9142-b7874f1a1793>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '2446', 'url': 'http://www.lowdensitylifestyle.com/the-masters-of-enlightenment-albert-einstein/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.020588397979736328', 'original_id': 'f43dda78e894476272a9379d3f376d455b40a2711935496f32366c045dc665f7'} |
A comparison of health care experiences for medicaid and commercially enrolled children in a large, nonprofit health maintenance organization.
Proponents of Medicaid managed care have argued that this type of care offers the potential to provide mainstream health care for poor children and the elimination of the 2-tier system of care that has long existed for poor and nonpoor children. However, few studies have attempted to assess whether differences in access, utilization, and satisfaction exist between Medicaid and commercially sponsored children who are enrolled in the same managed care plan. To systematically answer the following research question: Within the same large, nonprofit, group-model health maintenance organization (HMO), how do children enrolled in Medicaid compare with children enrolled commercially across the domains of access, utilization, and satisfaction with care? We compared access, satisfaction, and utilization of services between Medicaid and commercially sponsored children enrolled in Kaiser Permanente of Northern California during 1998 through use of a telephone survey and administrative data. Kaiser Permanente is a nonprofit, integrated, group HMO that serves 2.8 million members in more than 15 counties in northern California. The sample for this survey included 510 Medicaid-enrolled children and 512 commercially enrolled children. An overall response rate of 82% was achieved. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare Medicaid and commercially enrolled children. We found few differences between commercial and Medicaid enrollees across the domains of access, utilization, and satisfaction. Where access differences were present (problems in finding a personal care provider, problems getting care overall, and experiencing 1 or more barriers to care), the differences favored Medicaid-enrolled children. That is, Medicaid enrollees were reported to experience significantly fewer access problems and barriers than commercial enrollees, even after adjustment for confounding factors. Only one difference was found between Medicaid and commercial enrollees across the 6 utilization variables examined (volume of emergency department visits), and no differences were found among the 4 satisfaction and 2 global assessments of care received. Taken together, our results suggest that Medicaid-enrolled children experience as good as or better care than their commercially enrolled counterparts. However, there are other possible explanations for our findings. It may be that families of Medicaid-enrolled children hold their care providers to a lower standard than families of commercially enrolled children, given historic inequities in care between poor and nonpoor families. In addition, some degree of selection bias may be present in our sample, although that is true for both the Medicaid and commercial populations. Our findings suggest that large commercial HMOs are capable of eliminating the access barriers and stigma traditionally associated with the Medicaid program. However, this conclusion must be tempered with the knowledge that other explanations for our findings may also be at play. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b6db38285f1b876fc4190de4f1acd24cb01d971ce77221a6332b6c6c165633f7'} |
“A video game is a piece of art and it deserves to be treated as such.”
“In my mind, anyone who thinks differently is ignoring the fact that hundreds of people pour thousands of hours over a period of years to bring one game to life. They dedicate their life to it at the risk of their personal well-being in order to bring their collective vision to life. I can’t think of a single toy factory that has done the same.”
-Richard Booth, Owner, and Founder
That is what GamesRelated is all about. We believe that the people who make video games are artists. They deserve as much attention and appreciation as the games they make. That is where we come in. We appreciate those who pioneered this multi-billion dollar industry as well as those who carry the torch today.
At GamesRelated you will sometimes find the same news stories that you could find everywhere else, but our main focus is to bring attention to the people in the industry and share our thoughts on hardware, software, books and film related to gaming.
GamesRelated; We believe in what we do and we work as hard as we can to bring our vision to you. This is a company brought to you by gamers, for gamers.
Meet our team:
Rich Booth: Owner and Founder
Rich has been involved in the gaming industry for over ten years, working with such companies as Jace Hall Show, Twin Galaxies and Nintendojo. He began GamesRelated in order to bring positivity to gaming journalism. Much of what is out today is completely negative, and GR aims to be the place where that stops and the news is simply reported.
R.J. Hillman: Content Writer and Analyst
RJ began his gaming adventures with the GameCube around 2005. He has been gaming since then and found his passion is in PC gaming. He especially enjoys role-playing, real-time strategy and adventure games. Overwatch is his title of choice, and R.J. covers news topics for PC hardware and software. RJ loves games and the community; his writing reflects that.
Evan Linza: Content Writer and Analyst
Evan has been involved in the PC gaming community for over thirteen years, with a focus on Counter-Strike. He began working with GamesRelated to become a positive voice for the gaming community. Many people don’t get to witness the historical events that lead to the modern gaming world today. Evan’s goal is to clarify roster changes, rumors and events in the online gaming community while helping the eSports scene grow. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '39', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9775445461273192}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '66761', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4FF73B5P6IT7HXAUWXYBCA45NSEH6A57', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2b06d170-fead-4852-a1cc-7b038f7c71e7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 12, 58, 9), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.201.11.198', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LMCBYEX7U5ANZZHXKXBH5O47YNVK5LYL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ef493d0d-7c12-4b04-b611-bd479e39a742>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://gamesrelated.com/http66-147-244-158gamesrelabout/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c7ba40e2-dbcb-4dd3-b320-380c7243f93b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '420', 'url': 'http://gamesrelated.com/http66-147-244-158gamesrelabout/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-97-181-44.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.039238691329956055', 'original_id': '316d8cb041f1d1b47d3bddaa0e7a04a0529e26fda46970a4f3ea0bfd8ab29310'} |
Trump says he's set Sept. 15 deadline for TikTok sale, says buyer should also pay US government
Posted at 2:13 PM, Aug 03, 2020
and last updated 2020-08-03 14:16:29-04
During a press gaggle at the White House on Monday, President Donald Trump said he's set a deadline of "around" Sept. 15 for TikTok's parent company to sell the rights to its U.S. business, and suggested that the sale include a payment to the U.S. Treasury.
In his comments, Trump suggested that the short-form video app would be "out of business in the United States" if the company isn't sold by the deadline.
He also said he suggested that any potential sale of the app should include a payment to the United States.
"A very substantial portion of that price is going to have to come into the Treasury of the United States because we're making it possible for this deal to happen," Trump said. "Right now, they don't have any rights unless we give it to them. So, if we're going to give them the rights, then it has to come into this county.
"It's a little bit like the landlord-tenant," Trump added. "Without a lease, the tenant has nothing. So, they pay what's called key money, or they pay something. But the United States should be reimbursed or should be paid a substantial amount of money."
TikTok, a wildly popular social media app, is currently owned by ByteDance, a company based in Beijing. Some cybersecurity experts believe the app's terms of service could allow the Chinese government access to millions of Americans' personal data.
On Sunday, Microsoft said it was in talks with ByteDance to acquire the U.S. rights to the business.
Earlier this year, TikTok users took credit for reserving millions of tickets to a Trump rally in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Despite the millions of ticket requests, the event only drew an estimated 6,000 people, leaving the arena half empty. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '31', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9732701182365416}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '243002', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CEB357IE65UKAOLSS7FHWPMT4WUAR4EN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d388b5b8-d229-4179-a353-a950328703c7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 23, 14, 51, 37), 'WARC-IP-Address': '99.86.189.59', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:235OQGOKMGKHHZI5IGVUL32ZJVZP7TTI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:90db4f0e-5d91-4fc8-a606-6494634cd055>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.wrtv.com/news/national/trump-says-hes-set-sept-15-deadline-for-tiktok-sale-says-buyer-should-also-pay-us-government', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b9f0b1e5-96fb-410b-922b-1c1e4e2ae0ea>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '334', 'url': 'https://www.wrtv.com/news/national/trump-says-hes-set-sept-15-deadline-for-tiktok-sale-says-buyer-should-also-pay-us-government', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-226.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.4748721122741699', 'original_id': '495315f314aac0a9e7282a75799b109f67fb8336c33a5c896a26fc27b4d40f25'} |
Seaway "Your Best Friend" (video)
Seaway 'Your Best Friend' (video)
Oakville, ON pop punk act Seaway recently hit the big leagues, signing with Pure Noise Records. Now, the group have shared a video for their new track "Your Best Friend."
Parodying boy bands is a pop punk trope as old as pop punk itself, but Seaway manage to keep things fun even if they aren't treading new ground. Reimagining themselves as SeaBoiz, they wear track suits, complete choreographed dance moves and eat vegetables by a pond.
Check out the video for "Your Best Friend" below [via Alternative Press]. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9320225715637208}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '197544', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ONSWNN5KCOSOJIMW5WWHSMY5YN56XCXT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9c18081d-54ae-401a-86ee-c78e4e754079>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 6, 22, 23, 20, 44), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.25.92.20', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LYNJXWBIUW6NSYMOKAVZJXBOINJZJSHS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:eabeadcc-ccce-4e51-afdb-3b39c812280d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://exclaim.ca/music/article/seaway-your_best_friend_video', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:43411ecf-431f-4f84-9f2b-909d21bcbbe8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '91', 'url': 'https://exclaim.ca/music/article/seaway-your_best_friend_video', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-25\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-98.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.24737697839736938', 'original_id': 'd53b1ab19e2c1706acddd752b9a5e83d7b318c8f1fbf354bc7d49201eebfdb82'} |
Zika fever (also known as Zika virus disease) is an illness caused by Zika virus. Most cases have no symptoms, but when present they are usually mild and can resemble dengue fever. Symptoms may include fever, red eyes, joint pain, headache, and a maculopapular rash.
What happens if you get the Zika virus?
Zika virus disease is caused by the Zika virus, which is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus).However, Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly and other severe brain defects.
Does Zika affect men’s sperm?
One is that the virus can be sexually transmitted. Another is Zika has been detected in the semen of men months after they were infected. The researchers detected Zika virus in the testicles and other parts of the male reproductive system within a week of infection with either of the two strains.
How long can the Zika virus live in sperm?
Does Zika virus go away?
Symptoms usually show up two to 12 days after a mosquito bite, and they tend to go away within a week. Severe disease requiring hospitalization is uncommon, and death is rare. As with any virus, however, your chances of complications with the virus increase if you have underlying medical conditions.
Can Zika kill you?
Usually patients recover but it kills about 1 percent of victims. And the birth defects are certainly deadly. When a baby has severe brain damage, it can die while still in the womb or at birth. Babies have died of other, unknown causes when the mother’s been infected with Zika. Environmental Agencies In Nigeria And Their Functions
How long does Zika virus last?
Symptoms of Zika virus infection
If symptoms do occur, they’re usually mild and last around 2 to 7 days.
Can Zika be cured?
No specific antiviral treatment for the Zika virus exists. Treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms with rest, fluids and medications — such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) — to relieve joint pain and fever. No vaccine exists to prevent the Zika virus. But several vaccines are currently in clinical trials.
What countries have Zika virus?
The CDC has confirmed active local Zika virus transmission in the following foreign countries and territories:
Antigua and Barbuda.
Click on the link below to download Public Health Risk Assessment Of Zika Virus In Nigeria
Public Health Risk Assessment Of Zika Virus In Nigeria
Document Credit: NCDC
Also See: Health Agencies In Nigeria
Public Health Ng
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[WARP] Extending access to local network resources
From: Stephen Jolly <stephen.jolly@rd.bbc.co.uk>
Date: Thu, 14 Jan 2010 18:04:18 +0000
Message-Id: <453DDDDC-3570-4F89-B27F-1FF3BE522DA0@rd.bbc.co.uk>
To: public-webapps@w3.org
Back in December I volunteered (http://www.w3.org/2009/12/10-wam-minutes.html) to propose an alteration / supplement to WARP to permit widget access to resources on local networks with no managed DNS system. Such resources do not fit into the current WARP model of listing origins in the widget's configuration document unless those resources have IP addresses known in advance to the developer.
There are a very large number of such networks in use worldwide: I believe that the vast majority of home networks and many wireless networks fall into this category. The BBC is specifically concerned that the lack of distinction between local network resources and Internet resources in the current WARP model could prevent widgets from being able to access network resources served from media devices on home networks.
Anyway, the specific proposal I would like to make is for another special value of the "origin" attribute of the "access" element in the widget configuration document called "link-local" or similar, an associated special value in the access-request list and an associated processing rule that says that when the "link-local" value is specified, the user agent should grant access to network resources on the same subnet(s) as the user agent.
I haven't gone into more technical detail in this email because I suspect that there will be sufficient disagreement with the general principles laid out above to generate a productive discussion. A few points, though:
1. I think that the definition of a subnet in IP versions 4 & 6 is sufficient to allow a meaningful definition of "link-local".
2. Users are likely to want control over which specific networks a widget is granted access to, rather than just a blanket "yes" or "no" permission to access whatever local network(s) to which the host may be connected when the widget is running. I don't think that this is something that can or should be dealt with in the configuration of widgets. I believe that good user experiences can be constructed to give the user that control, but I won't go into detail unless somebody asks me to.
3. I would expect most *useful* widgets that can access local network resources to need some kind of ability to browse the local link for resources to access. Again, I think that's out of scope for a WARP alteration/supplement; it's the sort of thing people use mDNS + DNS-SD or UPNP's SSDP for, but those aren't web protocols, and Robin's threatened to drag me into the DAP WG if I start talking about device APIs.
4. Clearly the "local network" and the "local link" are not necessarily the same thing. I'm proposing a solution targeting the latter because (a) it actually has a useful definition and (b) I believe it to be sufficient for the use cases I care about.
I look forward to your comments and criticisms - in particular I would like to understand the holes that Arve says are opened by making a distinction between "local" and "remote" IP addresses.
Received on Thursday, 14 January 2010 18:04:49 GMT
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Thursday, November 18, 2010
A quarter of a giant apple.
1. How did it taste? I love honey crisp but, they are expensive, like $3 a pound on sale.
2. It was delicious! Sweet, but with just the right amount of tartness. It sounded like a pumpkin when you thumped on it, and the flesh was exactly how an apple should be - not mushy or grainy or weird at all.
i don't know what Jimi paid for those 2 apples, and it's probably best that way. :)
Please don't make me cry.
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Terence Smith (Giants Nordlingen) My Defense Doesn´t Get The Attention It Should
Terence Smith is a 25 year old 191cm guard from Russellville, Alabama playing his rookie season in Germany with the Giants Nordlingen. He started his basketball career with Tenn-Martin (NCAA) in 2010 playing 84 NCAA games in three seasons averaging double figures in scoring each season with his junior year being his most productive where he averaged 14.8ppg, 3.6rpg, 2.8apg, FGP: 42.4%, 3PT: 44.4%, FT: 82.1%. He played his last year of school with Mississippi (NCAA) playing 33 games averaging 4.0ppg, 1.2rpg, 1.7apg. He spoke to German Hoops about basketball.
Terence thanks for talking to German Hoops You’re playing your rookie season in Germany. Your from Alabama and playing in a small town Nordlingen for the Giants. What was your wake up call as a rookie in Germany where you knew that you were far away from home?
I knew I was far away from home when I was waking up and my family and friends back home was getting ready to go to sleep.
You are playing an excellent season, but the Giants Nordlingen have struggled all season long. How much of a factor was the players coming and going and injuries not letting the team chemistry develop?
This team has faced a lot of adversity throughout the season with injuries and players coming and going. That made it difficult with the development of our team chemistry, but it’s part of basketball and we have no control over those things. I like the energy and effort my teammates constantly bring each and every game despite all that we have gone through.
The Giants Nordlingen are playing the playdowns in hopes of staying in the league. The club has ended the season playing their best basketball. How confident are you that you will stay in the league?
We will leave it all on the court and try our best to end the season on a good note.
The club is good at rebounding and have picked up their defense in the last weeks. What will be key in staying in the league?
We have to keep doing those things. Also, we just have to go out and compete each and every game to remain in the league.
How vital has the pick up of American Adrien Coleman been? What do you appreciate most about his game?
Adrien Coleman was an important pick up for us because he can get out and finish in transition. Also, I appreciate that he can defend multiple positions and he has a great understanding of the game of basketball.
You are very consistent and have scored in double figures in every game. How pleased have you been with your rookie season. What has been good in your game and what not so?
I just really enjoy being out on the court and playing the game I love. I have to get to the free throw line more and make my free throws when I get there.
You were a very good shooter in school. How have you been trying to develop your shot further? Is it more just a combination of practice and shot selection or have you found additional ways like with mechanics to help make your shot get better?
To help improve my shot, I just continue to work on getting real reps and going game speed while working out.
You’re a guy that can fill up the stats sheet, but what do you feel is a hidden strength in your game that doesn´t get noticed right away?
If you are looking at the stat sheet, I feel that my defense wouldn’t get the attention it should
You have faced many very good players in the Pro B this season, but which player was the toughest for you on the court?
Carter from Leverkusen has a nice game.
In the first game you faced a 17 year old kid Isaac Bonga who is projected for some as a 2018 NBA first round pick. He had 12 points and 12 rebounds against Nordlingen in the first game. What was your impression of him?
Bonga has a lot of potential to be special. He has great vision off the pick and roll and has great length for a guard.
You have shown in the Pro B that you have game. What do you believe separates you from most in the Pro B and will get you that ticket up a level in the next season?
I can play on both ends of the court, and I take care of the basketball.
You sat out last season. How tough was this period for you and how confident were you that you would start a professional basketball career one day?
It was a long process, but I stayed busy in the gym and taking care of my body.
You had a very illustrious three year career at Tenn_Martin(NCAA) scoring over 1000 points. You played three seasons for head coach Jason James. How did he help groom and prepare you best for a professional basketball career?
From the day I arrived on campus, coach pushed me and made sure I stepped out of my comfort zone.
You played one more season with Mississippi (NCAA): 33 games: 4.0ppg, 1.2rpg, 1.7apg. What kind of experience was this for you getting less minutes than at Tenn_Martin. This was probably very humbling. What positives could you get out of this experience?
I really enjoyed playing at Ole Miss on a really talented and deep team. We all pushed each other to get better. The different role allowed me to work on other parts of my game.
You beat Florida twice by one point and you scored 11 points in 15 minutes in the first win. Was that one of your most memorable wins at Mississippi?
Yes, I would say that was one of my most memorable wins there. We were at home, and the gym was pretty loud.
Magic Johnson, Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Bill Russell
It’s kind of hard to debate with all of these super teams forming in the NBA. Once LeBron’s career is over, I feel that his accomplishments will have him near the top.
I would say KG is a top 5 power forward.
Klay Thompson recently hit 60 points in 29 minutes touching the ball for only 90 seconds. Where does this performance rank with you?
That was a very efficient performance from Klay.
One always talks about Lebron and Curry, but one has to mention Russell Westbrook. He is averaging triple double stats at the moment. Is he stat wise the best player in the world right now?
Yes, I would have to say he is stat wise the best right now. Him and James Harden are doing a lot for their teams.
Draymond Greene recently had a triple double without scoring 10 points or more. Why do you believe has it taken long for someone to do this?
Most players that are capable of doing it have to score for their team to win but Draymond doesn’t. Draymond just wants to win.
What was the last movie that you saw?
Assassin’s Creed
Thanks Terence for the chat.
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Connecting to %s | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '47', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9771024584770204}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '92734', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SX2JATRYDV6W43NKY5N43TB3N32AYBTA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f2c0d1ef-5a6b-41c2-a28a-f919398c32fb>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 6, 2, 23, 27, 31), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.24', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:T5ZNRQOQLWEQZJYVEVBPPFUOCYWLJXQ4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:79513ba2-5396-4436-b194-291768e19a4f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://germanhoops.com/2017/03/10/terence-smithgiants-nordlingen-my-defense-doesnt-get-the-attention-it-should/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a08917de-cce5-4480-87b9-b32105dd7a53>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1315', 'url': 'https://germanhoops.com/2017/03/10/terence-smithgiants-nordlingen-my-defense-doesnt-get-the-attention-it-should/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-24\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May/June 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-236.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08005452156066895', 'original_id': '3f0d29a2f2159734d169bd3ec930c156a166685d2c7c6d6ec159a18db2e252e3'} |
Can't access items of a JSON array with vue.js
I have JSON data like this :
{
"kind": "books#volumes",
"totalItems": 3436,
"items": [
{
"kind": "books#volume",
"id": "yMtVngEACAAJ",
"etag": "lo1fkwDSvPU",
"selfLink": "https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes/yMtVngEACAAJ",
"volumeInfo": {
"title": "We Are in a Book! (An Elephant and Piggie Book)",
"publisher": "Hyperion",
"publishedDate": "2010-09-14",
...
I get it from a google's API with this function :
const getBookData = async function() {
const response = await fetch("https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q=a&key=AIzaSyBB6WfqDdlr307S_gGh7laVq5UrIpedl_TA")
if (response.status == 200) {
let data = await response.json();
return data;
} else {
new Error(response.statusText)
}
}
export { getBookData }
Finally I try to display the id of the first element of the items array :
<template>
<div class="Book_Carrousel">
<h2>{{ name }}</h2>
<h2>{{ bookData.items[0].id }}</h2>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Book_Card from './Book_Card.vue'
import { getBookData } from '../api/getBook.js'
export default {
name: 'Book_Carrousel',
props: {
name: {type: String, required: true}
},
components: {
Book_Card
},
data() {
return {
bookData: []
}
},
methods: {
async retrieveBookData() {
this.bookData = await getBookData()
}
},
beforeMount(){
this.retrieveBookData()
}
}
</script>
I have this error :
Uncaught TypeError: $data.bookData.items is undefined
The problem doesn't come from the link between the api, my function, and the file that uses this function. When I display only the items array everything works :
<h2>{{ bookData.items }}</h2>
But whenever I add brackets after items the error shows up
I also tried to return the items array directly with getBookData. In this case, brackets ( bookData[0] ) work but if I add '.id' ( bookData[0].id )I get the same error as previously mentionned.
Thanks
Edit :
Full JSON below
{
"kind": "books#volumes",
"totalItems": 3436,
"items": [
{
"kind": "books#volume",
"id": "yMtVngEACAAJ",
"etag": "lo1fkwDSvPU",
"selfLink": "https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes/yMtVngEACAAJ",
"volumeInfo": {
"title": "We Are in a Book! (An Elephant and Piggie Book)",
"publisher": "Hyperion",
"publishedDate": "2010-09-14",
"description": "When Gerald the elephant and Piggie realize that they are in a book, they decide to have some fun with the reader.",
"industryIdentifiers": [
{
"type": "ISBN_10",
"identifier": "1423133080"
},
{
"type": "ISBN_13",
"identifier": "9781423133087"
}
],
"readingModes": {
"text": false,
"image": false
},
"pageCount": 64,
"printType": "BOOK",
"categories": [
"Juvenile Fiction"
],
"averageRating": 5,
"ratingsCount": 3,
"maturityRating": "NOT_MATURE",
"allowAnonLogging": false,
"contentVersion": "preview-1.0.0",
"imageLinks": {
"smallThumbnail": "http://books.google.com/books/content?id=yMtVngEACAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&source=gbs_api",
"thumbnail": "http://books.google.com/books/content?id=yMtVngEACAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&source=gbs_api"
},
"language": "en",
"previewLink": "http://books.google.com/books?id=yMtVngEACAAJ&dq=a&hl=&cd=1&source=gbs_api",
"infoLink": "http://books.google.com/books?id=yMtVngEACAAJ&dq=a&hl=&source=gbs_api",
"canonicalVolumeLink": "https://books.google.com/books/about/We_Are_in_a_Book_An_Elephant_and_Piggie.html?hl=&id=yMtVngEACAAJ"
},
"saleInfo": {
"country": "US",
"saleability": "NOT_FOR_SALE",
"isEbook": false
},
"accessInfo": {
"country": "US",
"viewability": "NO_PAGES",
"embeddable": false,
"publicDomain": false,
"textToSpeechPermission": "ALLOWED",
"epub": {
"isAvailable": false
},
"pdf": {
"isAvailable": false
},
"webReaderLink": "http://play.google.com/books/reader?id=yMtVngEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api",
"accessViewStatus": "NONE",
"quoteSharingAllowed": false
},
"searchInfo": {
"textSnippet": "When Gerald the elephant and Piggie realize that they are in a book, they decide to have some fun with the reader."
}
},
{
"kind": "books#volume",
"id": "9b3jAAAAQBAJ",
"etag": "oF9/I7Tycks",
"selfLink": "https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes/9b3jAAAAQBAJ",
"volumeInfo": {
"title": "Think Like A Champion",
"authors": [
"Dr. Rudi Webster"
],
"publisher": "Harper Collins",
"publishedDate": "2013-04-10",
"description": "The book contains the secrets of success, and it applies as much to most forms of life's endeavour as it does to sport When you understand that pressure is part and parcel of your life and that there are things you can do to control Wit, you will face up to it in a positive way and use it to your advantage.' -Rahul Dravid Rudi Webster, a doctor who has done pioneering work in the field of sports psychology, draws up a fail-safe recipe for on-the-ground performance optimization in this remarkable book. He ropes in some of the world's finest sportsmen to explain their own success techniques: Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Rahul Dravid, V.V.S. Laxman, Clive Lloyd, Dennis Lillee, Wasim Akram, Jacques Kallis and Sir Garry Sobers. They talk about the four interconnected pillars that performance in sport is built on: fitness, technique, strategy and mental skill - but, unanimously, they declare that the mental pillar is the most important. At the highest level of sport, it is this skill that determines how well the other components are combined and executed. Dr Webster's book aims to optimize every aspect of a player's form and performance. Through inventive techniques, especially visualization and mental rehearsal, he reinforces the practice of a physical skill so that it is learned more quickly and imprinted more powerfully in the mind - and thus better executed. Says ace cricketer V.V.S. Laxman, 'These two techniques help a player improve dramatically. Every young player should [...] make them an important part of their practice and preparation routine.' This book is all you need to call forth your best performance at the right time.",
"industryIdentifiers": [
{
"type": "ISBN_13",
"identifier": "9789350296660"
},
{
"type": "ISBN_10",
"identifier": "9350296667"
}
],
"readingModes": {
"text": true,
"image": false
},
"pageCount": 392,
"printType": "BOOK",
"categories": [
"Sports & Recreation"
],
"maturityRating": "NOT_MATURE",
"allowAnonLogging": false,
"contentVersion": "0.3.3.0.preview.2",
"panelizationSummary": {
"containsEpubBubbles": false,
"containsImageBubbles": false
},
"imageLinks": {
"smallThumbnail": "http://books.google.com/books/content?id=9b3jAAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&source=gbs_api",
"thumbnail": "http://books.google.com/books/content?id=9b3jAAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&source=gbs_api"
},
"language": "en",
"previewLink": "http://books.google.com/books?id=9b3jAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT12&dq=a&hl=&cd=2&source=gbs_api",
"infoLink": "https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=9b3jAAAAQBAJ&source=gbs_api",
"canonicalVolumeLink": "https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=9b3jAAAAQBAJ"
},
"saleInfo": {
"country": "US",
"saleability": "FOR_SALE",
"isEbook": true,
"listPrice": {
"amount": 19.99,
"currencyCode": "USD"
},
"retailPrice": {
"amount": 19.99,
"currencyCode": "USD"
},
"buyLink": "https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=9b3jAAAAQBAJ&rdid=book-9b3jAAAAQBAJ&rdot=1&source=gbs_api",
"offers": [
{
"finskyOfferType": 1,
"listPrice": {
"amountInMicros": 19990000,
"currencyCode": "USD"
},
"retailPrice": {
"amountInMicros": 19990000,
"currencyCode": "USD"
},
"giftable": true
}
]
},
"accessInfo": {
"country": "US",
"viewability": "PARTIAL",
"embeddable": true,
"publicDomain": false,
"textToSpeechPermission": "ALLOWED",
"epub": {
"isAvailable": true,
"acsTokenLink": "http://books.google.com/books/download/Think_Like_A_Champion-sample-epub.acsm?id=9b3jAAAAQBAJ&format=epub&output=acs4_fulfillment_token&dl_type=sample&source=gbs_api"
},
"pdf": {
"isAvailable": false
},
"webReaderLink": "http://play.google.com/books/reader?id=9b3jAAAAQBAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api",
"accessViewStatus": "SAMPLE",
"quoteSharingAllowed": false
},
"searchInfo": {
"textSnippet": "Batting with <b>a</b> runner because of <b>a</b> bad back, Laxman and number ten batsman Ishant Sharma put on eightyone runs to take the score to 205 before Sharma fell. Laxman who scored seventythree not out, and last man Pragyan Ojha knocked off ..."
}
}
]
}
your JSON is invalid, please use [edit] to make it a validated JSON. (as requested in [mre])
Vue is accessing bookData.items before it is loaded, when bookData is still just an empty array. So bookData.items is undefined, and bookData.items[0] will give you the error.
One way to resolve this is to use v-if:
<h2 v-if="bookData.items">{{ bookData.items[0].id }}</h2>
You might want to show a loading spinner or progress bar during load.
Or you could initialize bookData with empty items:
data() {
return {
bookData: {items: []}
}
},
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75677280', 'collection': 'StackExchange', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': 'Stack Exchange', 'creator': 'Luuk, https://stackoverflow.com/users/724039', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '1023', 'token_count': '3326', '__index_level_0__': '23030', 'original_id': 'f73c3b088313eea7ad59ddbd555a796476ce93169528de93c34c0fec196ea325'} |
Cover image for American beliefs : what keeps a big country and a diverse people united
McElroy, John Harmon.
Personal Author:
Publication Information:
Chicago : I.R. Dee, 1999.
Physical Description:
xii, 259 pages : illustrations, 1 map ; 23 cm
Format :
Call Number
Material Type
Home Location
Central Library E169.1 .M156 1999 Adult Non-Fiction Central Closed Stacks
On Order
Why do so many different people with widely dissimilar ideas and customs get along as Americans? In American Beliefs, John McElroy identifies and explains those essential ideas that keep a big country and a diverse people united, tracing them historically from their origins in the earliest experiences of the American colonists. A powerful antidote to decades of concentration on the differences among Americans. A magnificent and timely book. John McElroy picks up where de Tocqueville left off. Charles Moskos."
Reviews 3
Booklist Review
McElroy focuses on what Americans have in common, not what makes them different. Tracing core beliefs back to colonial times and crystallizing them in axioms such as "Everyone must work" and "The least government possible is best," the author dissects each proverb in an effort to get to the core of what it means to be American. In other words, there are no surprises here, as most people are aware of the long-standing Puritan work ethic, the equality requirements, and freedom of worship. Still, he makes a good case for our cultural similarities, especially because that thinking runs counter to much of the cultural philosophy written in the more recent past that celebrates differences among Americans. Scholarly and dry, the book nonetheless is intriguing because of its unorthodox approach and leaves the reader with the thought that if we concentrated more on our similar goals as Americans, there might be a lot less of the racial, religious, and political strife that causes most of the problems in this country. --Joe Collins
Publisher's Weekly Review
It is axiomatic in some quarters that, while traditional nations such as France are bonded by blood and language, the U.S. is founded on ideas and beliefs. In chapters devoted to frontier beliefs, immigrant beliefs, religious and moral beliefs, social beliefs, political beliefs and others, University of Arizona English professor McElroy sets out to delineate the beliefs that define the American nation. Noting that beliefs are not necessarily consciously held but that they do exist in a culture, he gives brief, serviceable historical summaries of how American beliefs took root and evolved. Among those beliefs are: "everyone must work"; "improvement is possible"; "each person is responsible for his own well being"; "America is a chosen country"; "achievement determines social rank"; "the least government possible is the best"; human beings will abuse power when they have it." Sometimes, McElroy comes close to peddling a triumphalist history of the spread of European ideas in a savage land. But he generally, if dutifully, notes that it took some time for a majority to extend the most cherished of American beliefs (in liberty and equality) to all of society (slavery, he writes, was a "perversion of American beliefs"). In the end, however, his laundry list of American beliefs is an exercise more in cataloguing than analysis. Illustrations not seen by PW. (Apr.) (c) Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved
Choice Review
McElroy's book is both interesting and thought-provoking, but such a scholarly effort is a "big job." McElroy (emeritus, Univ. of Arizona), author of Finding Freedom: America's Distinctive Cultural Formation(CH, Apr'90), downplays differences in ethnicity or gender (with all of the historical implications diversity raises in this nation's history) and suggests instead that "what it means to be an American . . . has always been determined by beliefs rather than birthplace or skin color." Not all would agree. Slaves had "beliefs" but they were not citizens (Americans) until Reconstruction; similarly, First People, the landlords of this nation, were not regarded by most Anglos as "Americans" until rather recently. Women, in turn, won the vote via the 19th Amendment because of their steadfast "belief" that they deserved it; only then did they achieve the status of "citizen" as they became "Americans." Other examples abound. Although its emphasis on ideas that bring peoples together as a nation is refreshing and stimulating, American Beliefs should be read along with a "diverse" work such as US History as Women's History: New Feminist Essays, ed. by Linda K. Kerber et al. (1995). Appendix; notes. All levels. P. D. Travis Texas Woman's University
Chapter One What Do We Mean by "Culture"? CULTURE is usually thought of as a knowledge of music, literature, painting, or other arts. Thus we say of persons having such knowledge that they are "cultured." Obviously culture in this sense is not something that everyone in a society has. But culture may also be thought of as a set of beliefs expressed in behavior. Culture in this sense is not something consciously learned, like culture in the sense mentioned above. Rather, it is acquired by successive generations of a people through imitating the behaviors of their elders that express certain beliefs. Culture in this sense is the possession of a whole people. The way a historical culture comes into being resembles the formation of a path. When someone first traverses a landscape, the terrain and the pathfinder's choices among plausible alternative routes determine the way he goes. Those who come after him follow the way he took because falling in with a discernible track is always easier than making independent explorations at every step of a journey. As time passes, successive travelers continuously make the track plainer and confirm it as the way to pass through that landscape until, eventually, the pathfinder's initial route acquires a compelling utility and rightness. Similarly, in the formation of a historical culture, successive generations of a people find before them--already laid out--the way of life of preceding generations; and as each generation imitates the belief-behaviors of that way of life, they make them ever more compelling and right for later generations. So too, just as the route taken by the pathfinder and his immediate followers is crucial to a path's formation, in the formation of a historical culture the belief-behaviors of the first generations of a people are crucial. Whoever wants to understand any historical culture will therefore pay special attention to its formative period. In the case of the United States of America, that period was the century and a half from 1610 to 1760, the colonial era of American history. Historical cultures allow human beings to live in society with other human beings, something that requires a shared sense of a right way to live. Human beings have a "moral imagination," which is to say that we are capable of imagining right conduct and need to live with other human beings according to a right way of behaving. A set of right belief-behaviors is as indispensable to human well-being as food and water. In many instances in history, ordinary men and women have preferred to suffer death rather than violate a belief-behavior of their culture. A HISTORICAL CULTURE can be formally defined as a unique set of extremely simple beliefs, formed and communicated through behavior over more than three generations. Cultural beliefs thus differ from other kinds of ideas in having been acted on for longer than the lifetime of the oldest person in a society. That is why they must be extremely simple. If they were complicated they would not be sensible to many people, nor would they retain their coherence for many generations. Cultural beliefs have this order of simplicity: "Worship is a matter of conscience," "The emperor is divine," "We are God's chosen people." These are historical beliefs respectively of the American, the Japanese, and the Jewish peoples. Beliefs this simple can be acted on for thousands of years without losing their coherence, and can be understood by even the dullest-minded persons in a society. The extreme simplicity of cultural beliefs also allows them to be expressed in varying behaviors over time. This is important because a people may have to alter their behavior if they find themselves living in altered circumstances. But while the behaviors that express cultural beliefs may change, the beliefs themselves remain the same. America, for example, was an almost entirely agricultural society during the century and a half when its culture formed in the 1600s and 1700s; then, beginning in the 1800s, America became a highly industrialized society. But that change, which was very great, involved no alteration in American beliefs regarding work--the beliefs I have designated "Primary Beliefs" in this book. Those beliefs remained the same whether the work that expressed them was performed outdoors in fields or indoors in factories. It is the set of beliefs in a culture that makes it complex, not the individual beliefs--all of which must be extremely simple to retain their coherence over time. Similarly, each culture is unique because of its set of beliefs, not because each belief in the set is unique. Cultures are more or less alike depending on the number of their shared beliefs. Thus we can speak meaningfully of "Islamic cultures," "nomadic cultures," "Western cultures." And within any given culture, groups of persons may exist that share its belief-behaviors but have some belief-behaviors historically peculiar to themselves. To describe a particular culture is to claim a certain focus of attention and a comparative rather than an absolute uniqueness. When the same belief is shared by several cultures, it is likely to be expressed by different behaviors in each of them. The Japanese belief in a divine emperor, for instance, has occurred in other cultures. But where the Japanese emperor was at times a mere puppet manipulated by a warlord, in the culture of the Incas in the pre-Columbian Andes of South America, where the same belief existed, the will of the emperor was an iron law of absolute authority. Mummies of all the Inca emperors were kept in a special room inside the imperial palace at Cusco to be brought forth to sit among the counselors of the living emperor whenever he had to make a decision of the gravest consequence to the empire--a behavior not found in Japan. In ancient Egypt, whose culture likewise included a belief in the divinity of the ruler, the corpses of Egyptian pharaohs were as carefully preserved as they were in the culture of the Incas; but their mummies were never brought forth and displayed. Quite the contrary. Great pains were taken to conceal the corpses of these rulers in places where, it was hoped, they would never be disturbed. A culture's particular set of beliefs, it appears, will cause a belief it may share with other cultures to be expressed in distinctive behavior. The beliefs of a culture are transmitted in a more unerring and natural way than instruction and indoctrination. Since the beliefs that constitute a culture are expressed in behavior and acquired by imitating the behaviors that express them, historical cultures do not depend on literacy. They exist independent of conscious learning. Systems of education may reinforce or weaken a culture's beliefs, but they can neither produce a new culture nor guarantee the continuance of an existing one. A historical culture is not a rational construction. For a person to change his historical culture, something acquired by participation in the historical way of life of a people, he must change his residence and acquire a new allegiance--among a people with a different history. The illusion (one might well call it the disease) of revolutionaries is that they can cancel history and produce a new culture that will be a rational construction. They want a new set of belief-behaviors, which they will design. But historical cultures are highly resistant to willful change undertaken by political operatives. For a people with a historical culture, nothing justifies an attempt to deconstruct its beliefs and replace them with a different set of beliefs. Indeed, the beliefs of a culture determine a people's way of knowing whether something is justified. For this reason, cultures rarely change. History cannot be reversed and begun anew, the slate having been wiped clean, the way revolutionaries seem to think it can. When a culture does change, it normally does so in piecemeal fashion over several generations of time. The change occurs by the addition of some new belief to a culture's set of beliefs, through acting on that belief for more than three continuous generations; or by the subtraction of a belief from the set by the gradual failure of successive generations to act on it. Such an addition or subtraction alters to some degree the dynamics of the whole set of beliefs by changing the relationships among them. True changes in a culture occur over so many generations that they are usually imperceptible until after they have been completed. Why are more than three generations of behavior needed to establish, or enculturate, a belief? Because three generations are usually alive at any one moment in a society (children, parents, grandparents), for a belief to acquire historical validity for those in the youngest generation it must connect with an absent, fourth generation whom parents and grandparents knew but children did not. Seeing their parents and grandparents pay respect to the graves of the dead helps to establish in the minds of the youngest generation such a connection, as does hearing stories about their ancestors, holding dear the same symbols the dead held dear, listening to music associated with their cultural ancestors, preserving structures built or lived in by them, and receiving personal mementos or other possessions of their ancestors. In all these ways, a connection with the past is created in the young. It makes them feel that the way of life they see going on around them, which they are beginning to imitate, originated in and has been sanctioned by the past. (The respect for cultural ancestors need not, of course, be for a biological ancestor, or even for a person who really lived. It may be for a legendary or mythical ancestor, whose behavior embodies a belief of the culture. Only in the culture of a clan would one's biological and cultural ancestors be identical. In all nonclan societies, one's cultural ancestors always extend beyond one's biological ancestors.) Another basic point about historical cultures is that they are organic. Not every person in every generation of a people acts on all the beliefs of that people's historical culture in exactly the same way. A historical culture has an organic, not a mechanical, conformity--like a forest in which there is always a certain amount of dead wood and downed timber, even when the forest as a whole is healthy. So, too, when the leaves of the deciduous trees in a forest change color in autumn and begin falling to the ground, not all leaves change color at the same moment or change to the same hue or fall from the trees at the same moment. Similarly, when the new leaves emerge from their bud cases in the spring, they do not do so uniformly. At no time in the life cycle of a forest is there a precise and total uniformity of process, or the same state of vitality in every tree. Yet the forest has a conformity, is healthy, and perpetuates itself. A culture's processes also have no total, precise uniformity, but rather a general organic character. As with a forest, the features of a culture are best appreciated from an overview. Any attempt to comprehend all the details of a culture would be doomed to failure by the very nature of the attempt. One remembers in this regard the legend of the Spanish cartographer who wished to make a perfect map which would replicate every detail of the kingdom of Castile, on a scale of 1:1. He finally succeeded in making such a map--and, of course, it was as large as the entire kingdom. According to the legend, fragments of this wonderful map are still to be found moldering into the ground in remote and seldom-visited corners of Castile. To pretend to represent in full detail the organic wholeness of a historical culture would be a similar vanity. In short, this book is based on the following propositions: that a people's culture consists of a particular set of simple beliefs learned and validated ("enculturated") through behavior for many generations; that cultures satisfy an ineradicable human need for a shared sense of right behavior and make it possible for human beings to live together in society; that once a culture has formed, it tends to persist unchanged because it satisfies a deeply human need; and that every culture is the best culture to those who participate in it. Copyright © 1999 John Harmon McElroy. All rights reserved.
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The Basics of Creating Your Own Recipe
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The Basics of Creating Your Own Recipe
Post by BIABrewer » 7 years ago
[Like all, "The Basics," in the General Brewing Skills section, the following is not a definitive guide. It is simply a guide that will get a new brewer under way safely and with confidence. Please advise BIABrewer of any errors. Please justify, in full, any contrary topics that you may choose to start in this forum. If well-written and justified, they will be, "promoted," as best as we are able.]
All brewers, new and experienced, are encouraged to start new topics in this section provided they have read the below.
The Basics of Recipe Formulation
by Lloyd Powell (LloydieP)
There comes a time when most brewers want to start formulating their own recipes. At this stage you've probably had some experience adjusting existing recipes to fit your system and/or your palette. Easily available software makes adjusting and building recipes very simple. Beersmith's inbuilt BJCP guidelines are a very useful 'roadmap' to help you brew to a certain style. Let's face it though, we're mostly brewing beer that WE (and our FRIENDS) want to drink. Most people couldn't rattle off the style guidelines for a "Classic Rauchbier", so unless you're brewing competitively (either with yourself or for organised comps), style guidelines don't need to be followed zealously.
There are a few easily identifiable parts to a beer recipe;
1. Grain bill
2. Mash
3. Hop schedule
4. Fermentation
Your knowledge of grains, mashing, hops, yeast and fermentation, to some degree, will govern the choices you have when building a recipe. However just reading suppliers information you have some idea, about what effect certain ingredients or processes will have on your recipe.
You don't need a complex recipe to make an excellent beer. ONE grain and ONE hop will produce a great beer! So let's start with a really simple example recipe formulation. I will post the longhand calculations further on for those who are interested. I would recommend learning to work out malts, OGs, hops and IBUs the "longhand" way, to get a feel for what your software is telling you, as different software will give you slightly different figures.
Formulating a Very Basic Recipe
Let's make a super simple AMERICAN PALE ALE.
It's a PALE ALE so you'll need pale ale malt
It's an AMERICAN pale ale so you'll need American hops
It's an APA so you'll need an APA yeast
Just looking at the multitude of existing recipes we know that you can make a beer that is,
1.050 OG
35 IBU
With American hops
and it will indeed be an APA.
To keep it simple you'll be doing a Single Malt And Single Hop (SMASH) brew.
(I have 19 litre kegs so I'd need around 20 litres of wort in my fermenter. I generally have about 5 litres of trub left in my kettle, so my post boil volume would need to be 25litres.)
1. Grain Bill.
Beersmith and/or my calculator tell me you'll need (for my 72% efficiency), 5.65kg of malt.
2. Mash
You'll probably want a medium bodied beer, so you should mash at around 65C for at least 60 minutes.
3. Hop Schedule
Taste and aroma, and bitterness are two different things. So ignore the a/a% of your chosen hop, for your flavour and aroma additions and think about the weight. You'll no doubt, by now, have some idea how much you'll need, from previous recipes. Plug these into your calculator first to get their total IBU.
Let's say you're adding 30 grams of Amarillo (8%aa) at 15 minutes and 30 grams at 5 minutes. This will give you about 12 IBU, so you need 23 IBU from your 60 minute addition. This means you'll need around 25 grams.
4. Fermentation
You're probably familiar with US-05 American ale yeast (so I'll use that for example)
Although there is dedicated section on Biabrewer for fermentation, different processes and rest types form an important part of your recipe. Different yeasts make different beers and require different conditions, and the same yeast will behave differently under different conditions. Some need a good diacetyl rest, some need more conditioning than others, some attenuate higher than others and some flocculate more quickly than others. So even with a very simple SMASH recipe there is a huge amount of choice in how you ferment and condition your beer. This recipe however, is not too strong or bitter, so you could crash chill it for a day or so after it's reached final gravity, force carb it, and be pouring pints of nice beer, a week or so after brewday!
5. Our Final Recipe
Our recipe would look something like this,
5.65 kg Pale ale malt
60 minute single step mash at 65C
25g Amarillo 60min
30g Amarillo 15min
30g Amarillo 5min
Ferment 18C
Formulating a More Complex Recipe
Now we'll follow the same simple steps, but explore some more choices. First of all, you need a basic description. For consistency's sake let's do another APA with a nice malty backbone to support some big hop flavour.
1.050 OG
40 IBU - Not too bitter, but lots of hop flavour and aroma!
25 Litre Volume
1. Grain Bill
You'll want about 5% crystal (it's a good a number as any) to add body, and a good chance to add some real complexity to the malt profile. Some nice bitter caramel flavour from dark crystal will go nicely with a big hop profile, as would some sweeter caramel flavour from medium crystal. You don't want to push the colour too much so, say 2% dark and 3% medium. You could now just use 95% pale ale malt, or use a blend of lighter and darker malts, to add yet more complexity to the malt profile. Perhaps a blend of pilsner malt and darker Munich malt. Maybe you could add some wheat malt for head retention. (See this grain guide) So your grain bill might look like this,
5.65 kg total
2% Dark crystal 110g
3% Medium crystal 170g
5% Wheat malt 280g
30% Munich I 1700g
60% Pilsner malt 4000g
2. Mash
For a darker beer such as this you need not worry too much about a protein rest or an acid rest. So you can go straight to the conversion rest.
As you're going to be using Wyeast 1187 Ringwood Ale Yeast which is a low attenuating yeast but gives a lovely malty flavour, you'll need to mash a little lower to give you a similar body. 63-64C should be plenty. You may want to include a mash out which will increase the solubility of the sugars and make your sweet liquor less viscous, which will improve your efficiency. If you leave the bag in while raising the temp to mash-out you'll dissolve some un-gelatinised starches and allow the remaining alpha enzymes to convert them to fermentable sugars, and again increasing your efficiency.
So your mash regime might look like this...
Mash in at 64C for 90 minutes
Raise slowly to 78C (bag in) to mash out for 10 minutes
3. Hop Schedule
I've talked a lot about the complexity of the malt profile, and now I'm going to talk about the complexity of the hop profile. To achieve this you'll need more than one hop, and you'll need to layer the additions to make the most of the flavour and aroma of these hops. This hop schedule is known as a hopburst. This means that the earliest addition is only 20 minutes from the end of the boil, and additions will be made every five minutes until flameout. So again you need to work backwards to tally your IBUs.
As you know Galaxy and Nelson are a great combination although neither are American, they pack a flavour punch as though they were. Just mix the two together in a bowl and measure them out into 25g lots. Let's go...
0 minute addition 25g Galaxy/Nelson (average aa%12.5)
5 minute addition 25g Galaxy/Nelson (12.5%aa) 6IBU
10 minute addition 25g Galaxy/Nelson (12.5%aa) 7IBU
15 minute addition 25g Galaxy/Nelson (12.5%aa) 10IBU
So now you need 17IBUs from your 20 minute addition
So you'll need 34g of your Galaxy/Nelson blend. Any left overs you have may make a nice dry hop addition.
4. Fermentation
1187 Ringwood Ale yeast is a fickle creature, but as the most used yeast in the commercial craft brewing industry in America, it is worth the effort. You will lose some of your hop zest, but your large hop additions will compensate for this, and the nice chewy malt flavours it gives you will give you a well balanced beer.
Wyeast's packet info recommends a good diacetyl rest, so once FG has been reached, you'll want to raise the temp to the higher recommended temp of 22C for a couple of days to keep the yeast active so it can clean up and re-absorb it's fermentation by-products. After this a secondary fermentation at its original ferment temp will allow the complex malt/hop flavours to smooth out.
A further week of cold conditioning will also smooth out some of the 'un-desired' yeast driven flavours. At this point your APA will reach it's peak, as the hop profile will start to fade and the malt profile will start to dominate.
5. Our Final Recipe
Our recipe would look something like this...
5.65 kg total
2% Dark crystal 110g
3% Medium crystal 170g
5% Wheat malt 280g
30% Munich I 1700g
60% Pilsner malt 4000g
Mash in at 64C for 90 minutes
90 minute boil
Raise temp slowly to 78C (bag in) and hold for 10 minutes
20 min 34g Galaxy/Nelson blend (12.5%aa)
15 min 25g Galaxy/Nelson blend
10 min 25g Galaxy/Nelson blend
5 min 25g Galaxy/Nelson blend
0 min 25g Galaxy/Nelson blend
Dry hop 50g Galaxy/Nelson blend
Ferment at 18C.
After FG is reached raise to 22C for three days.
Secondary for two weeks at 18C
Cold condition for one week.
With these few basic steps and the confidence they bring, Recipe Formulation can be as easy or as difficult as YOU wish to make it. It comes down to your knowledge of ingredients and processes.
A picture speaks a thousand words, as the saying goes but how many pictures of a glass of beer is one mouthful worth? Don't be afraid to experiment...
Split a batch into two and ferment them with two different yeasts or at two different temps. For a smaller risk but just as much gain, use a two litre Coke bottle as your second fermenter. Do a SMASH with nothing but Munich or Vienna malt just to see what it tastes like. Formulate recipes you're never going to brew just for fun. If it's German Yeast and German Malt and German Hops then why wouldn't it be a German Beer? Read up on some specs for a particular type, and you've just designed and produced a fair dinkum Munich Dunkel or Bohemian Pilsner!
Recommended Reading
Designing Great Beers
by Ray Daniels
Radical Brewing
by Randy Mosher
Brewing Classic Styles
by J. Palmer and Jamil Zainasheff
Last edited by BIABrewer on 28 Mar 2010, 14:41, edited 11 times in total.
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