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Employer Branding For Dummies
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Both what you say and how you say it (your body language) are important factors in making a strong positive impression on people. In employer branding, think of your visual brand identity as the body language of your brand. Use the corporate brand identity described in your EVP as the starting point for any decisions relating to how you present your employer brand from a visual perspective.
In most leading companies, corporate brand identity guidelines are designed to cover every form of brand communication, but you may find that your existing brand guidelines are more limited. Ideally, your corporate brand identity guidelines should contain guidance for the following visual elements:
• Company logo(s): These guidelines generally cover how and where the company logo is presented within typical digital and print communication formats, including web pages, advertising, brochures, and presentations.
• Design elements: Guidelines for design elements cover graphics other than the logo, such as background texture, line style, white space, and color blocks, that must be consistent in order to reinforce brand recognition.
• Color palette and fonts: These guidelines establish the range of colors and fonts suitable for brand communication.
• Photography: These guidelines may specify a range of acceptable images to be used when communicating the brand or more loosely define a recommended style of photography (with illustrative on-brand and off-brand examples).
The corporate brand guidelines should provide a general set of parameters for your employer brand identity, but it’s common practice to adapt the “look and feel” deployed in recruitment marketing and employee communication to the specific needs and preferences of the target audience. This practice tends to follow a regular pattern in the following respects:
• Corporate branding tends to favor a relative narrow, muted, and conservative range of colors (more generally suited to investors). Employer branding tends to be more effective where a broader, richer, more expressive range of colors is deployed, because it generally suggests a more welcoming, personal (less corporate), and diverse working environment.
• Corporate branding tends to favor relatively formal design schemes (expressing solidity), whereas the design elements deployed by successful employer brands tend to feature more vibrant and flowing design elements (expressing human energy and creativity).
• Corporate and customer branding often put greater emphasis on presenting the product and other more tangible manifestations of the company, such as buildings. Employer branding tends to be more effective where it places much greater emphasis on images of people.
In practice, this approach generally results in a separate set of employer brand guidelines carefully balancing alignment with the overall corporate and customer brand guidelines, but also adapted to the more human context of employment.
Pay close attention to the “look and feel” of your talent competitors’ employer brand, so you can consciously choose colors, visual design elements, and photographic styles that clearly help people recognize your brand and differentiate your company from others within the same industry or talent pool. If you’re employing a creative agency, be sure an analysis of your talent competitors’ branding is incorporated in the creative brief and ask the agency to demonstrate how its creative solutions help you to stand out from the crowd.
After establishing your visual brand identity, apply it consistently across all your digital career domains, so that prospective candidates clicking between one domain and another, as they commonly do, immediately recognize the overall integrity and unique flavor of the brand.
About This Article
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About the book authors:
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Proportional Flow Divider
English Chinese (Simplified)
comatrol hydraulic cartridge valves
PFD10-OD: Proportional Flow Divider, 10 Size, Normally Open, Divider
This is a proportional, compensated, normally open, flow dividing, preengineered HIC. When there is no current applied to the coils, the inlet flow is divided equally between ports A and B. As an example, if inlet flow is 40 LPM, the flow out Ports A and B will divide equally 20 LPM. The performance curve below shows input flow examples of 40, 20 and 10 LPM. Minimum inlet flow is 10 LPM (2.6 GPM).
The flow ratio between ports A and B will proportionally vary as current is provided to coils S1 or S2. As current increases to coil S2, the flow to Port B will proportionally increase, while Port A decreases, as shown in the graph. Inversely, as current increases to coil S1, the flow to Port A will proportionally increase, while Port B decreases.
Note that this is not a combiner, the flow only exits Ports A and B. Connect the drain port DR to tank, limiting the pressure on this port to 50 bar (720 psi).
Proportionally divide the input flow between two motors or hydraulic circuits (like HICs). Circuits that can take advantage of this pre-engineered HIC include any function where the motors or the HICs continuously require flow, and you only need to proportionally manage the amount of flow between them. Achieve repeatable, load independent flow dividing with the built-in pressure compensator. See performance curve below for compensation capabilities.
Note: For optimal performance, install with the solenoid valve in the horizontal position, reducing the chance for trapped air in the valve.
Rated Presssure 210 bar [3000 psi]
Max regulated flow 60 l/min [16 US gal/min]
Max inlet flow 95 l/min [25 US gal/min]
Weight 1.00 kg [2.20 lb]
Cavity none
PFD10-OD schematic
PFD10-OD schematic
PFD10-OD dimensions
PFD10-OD dimensions
Ordering Information
PFD10-OD ordering
PFD10-OD ordering
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Danfoss Power Solutions S.r.l. IT07874070019 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7608010768890381}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '75554', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HWK2GSV7X7DC2WS6TU5XBRQVOZLFCUNQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0ebc536e-e34c-4dd8-9541-31cab88e5684>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 18, 7, 33, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '204.197.246.7', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DLHHRG7GYEKCBSJJPYEZZ2NJOXAGLPBK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:89a88455-b76b-4dda-82d9-68fa37365104>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://old.comatrol.com/products/catalog-hics-category/proportional-flow-divider', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3578b3bd-53bf-4522-8f13-c4d4e0c8b0e4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '328', 'url': 'https://old.comatrol.com/products/catalog-hics-category/proportional-flow-divider', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-126.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07618272304534912', 'original_id': '7daeff9c1a3c4ef9964ea7a57205b8eda34a3c4f1f3cc2b547f1483f349b5289'} |
basis for morality (was Re: RITB and gay-marriage)
Bill Hamilton (
Wed, 17 Jul 1996 09:18:02 -0400
Joseph Carson wrote:
>If mankind is a product of chance and necessity, our thoughts, dreams,
>passions, etc the accidental byproduct of collocations of atoms, in a
>decaying universe - what difference does it make, ultimately? That the
>grand metaphysical story of naturalism's relentless outcome, except that
>outcome does make sense either as upon what basis can we assume any ability
>to reason that is valid?
>Without a transcendant from which we can establish a "ground zero,"
> we seem stuck in box after self-referential box. At least that's how I've
>come to see it.
Agreed. Interestingly enough, though, this point is one of great
disagreement between Christians and nonbelievers. Similar statements
posted to elicit about as angry a response as anything you can
imagine. Skeptics, agnostics and atheists for the most part seem to view
morality as something theists don't have a corner on, and are frequently
deeply offended when a theist implies that they have no basis for it.
However, I have never heard one give a coherent explanation of _why_ he
believes morality is relevant. I suppose this is just a manifestation of
Francis Schaeffer's claim that no one can live consistently according to an
atheistic philosophy, but my question is a more practical one: How can we
utilize this belief in morality without basis in apologetics?
Bill Hamilton | Chassis & Vehicle Systems
GM R&D Center | Warren, MI 48090-9055 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '8', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9384649991989136}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '3559', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BN2IK65ZVXIV2Z3UELIQEQ3IZ7B6URNZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:410b3736-1cef-41ad-bec9-1b5ee5c70a49>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 1, 16, 1, 56), 'WARC-IP-Address': '129.82.76.37', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4Y3566KY5LGWN7AA7C7VGIJXT2VDXW4H', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8c1ab95c-7154-4480-b2a1-c57de60234e7>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www2.asa3.org/archive/asa/199607/0046.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:91e8b40c-8be6-4c45-83db-54427d7a1169>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '238', 'url': 'http://www2.asa3.org/archive/asa/199607/0046.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1097801923751831', 'original_id': '682fba1f36b81fc21bff95cb94836a1126ca98bd2b8adc6083a1ddc25e504bea'} |
Sacred Texts Confucianism Index Previous Next
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p. 367
The Fu I; allusive. An ode, appropriate to the feast given to the personators of the departed, on the day after the sacrifice in the ancestral temple.
1How the flocks of the wild ducks and widgeons play,
As they now skim the King, and now seek their prey!
How happy the birds! And not less joy inspires
Those who yesterday played the part of your sires.
Your viands are fragrant; your spirits are clear.
They feast and they drink; and all happy appear.
Complete is the honor you render them here!
2The wild ducks and widgeons now see on the sand,
As along the King's banks they move or they stand!
How happy the birds! And now here, as their due,
Those who sat as your sires are feasted by you.
Abundant your spirits, your viands are good.
They feast and they drink in their happiest mood.
Ne’er before on the summit of honor they stood. p. 368
3Round the islets the wild ducks and widgeons fly,
And on the land settle with loud scream and cry.
How happy the birds! And with joy those are filled,
Who with fathers long gone were yesterday thrilled.
Your viands are sliced, and your spirits are strained.
They feast and they drink, with new happiness gained
From this glory they now from you have obtained.
4The wild ducks and widgeons behold on the wing,
Where their tribute the streamlets pay to the King!
How happy the birds! And how honored are those,
In whom your sires yesterday found their repose!
The feast in the ancestral temple is spread,
Where blessing and dignity most are conveyed.
Of each feaster what happiness now crowns the head!
5Where the stream through the rocks its way seems to forge,
Many wild ducks and widgeons rest in the gorge.
How happy the birds! As complacent are they, p. 369
Through whom your great fathers their will did convey.
Your exquisite spirits, your meat broiled and roast,
That they have partaken those feasters can boast.
Henceforth shall their minds by no troubles be tossed!
Next: V. Chia Lo | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '7', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.927908718585968}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '4431', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QLREVWO47MVEYBHFJR2FZ2BCBGESTWN4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8a908bcd-d08d-4f86-92e3-761d5976944c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 20, 4, 26, 21), 'WARC-IP-Address': '63.249.123.11', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZY2ZOIX6ESV74KZTVJDVZ5D5QUWBBRB7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:67f9d14c-8797-467f-a99f-acc92278db1e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://sacred-texts.com/cfu/bop/bop257.htm', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b4472b35-f325-4d61-a077-7ff389de3925>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '373', 'url': 'http://sacred-texts.com/cfu/bop/bop257.htm', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06506979465484619', 'original_id': 'cf15d848693092d0e8321e25ab75d401dccbd38c252144b78fc42b5fad0f81a9'} |
De zweminrichting van Baarn is een oud zwembad aan de August Jansenweg 36-38, en ligt aan de Eem in Baarn provincie Utrecht.
Bij een januaristorm in 1916 sloeg een overstroming het eerste zwembad aan de Eem weg. De Baarnse filantroop August Janssen liet toen een nieuwe zweminrichting bouwen. Het gebouw is ontworpen door G. Koelewijn en wordt nu gebruikt voor bewoning.
Men zwom in die tijd afgescheiden in de Eem. In het linker deel van de zwembaden kon het ‘gewone volk’ gratis baden. De badmeester woonde op het terrein in wat later het bootsmanhuis van de roeivereniging zou worden. Het andere bad lag voor het huidige gebouw, dit was alleen toegankelijk tegen betaling. De zweminrichtingen werden in 1936 verkocht aan de heer T. de Ruig, die de zwembaden exploiteerde tot aan de opening van het huidige Baarnse zwembad. Door de vervuiling van de Eem werd later het zwemmen in de Eem onmogelijk.
De badhokjes zijn al lang verdwenen. Links was het woongedeelte met een breedte van drie assen. De ingang zit in het midden. Boven de ingang is een tegeltableau aangebracht met het opschrift: 19 ZWEMINRICHTING 16.
Vanaf 20 mei 1936 mocht hier na een handtekeningenactie ook gemengd worden gezwommen.
Zie ook
Lijst van gemeentelijke monumenten in Baarn
Bouwwerk in Baarn
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The Most Adorable Infant Swimsuits You’ll See This Year
The sun is shining and your baby is just itching to eat some sand.
Sure, you could let him run around in a diaper and really good sunscreen, but why would you? Especially when you can cover that tiny tushie with one of these adorable infant swimsuits!
Here are this season’s most adorable, most precious, most darling infant swimsuits. Now, I may have gotten a little “cute-happy” here…after all there are sixteen baby swimsuit collections shown below…but you’ll see why in a minute. It was impossible to leave some of these off.
If you don’t have a daughter, and would prefer a short cut straight to the dapper swim trunks and board shorts, click here to skip to the boy’s section.
Adorable Infant Swimsuits for Girls
Brace yourself.
These baby swimsuits for girls are so stylishly precious, you’re going to wish they came in adult sizes. 🙂
Infant Swimsuits for Girls #1:
Polka Dot Princess
1. Navy Sunhat | 2. Bowknot Sandals
3. Two Piece Swimsuit | 4. Rufflebutt Swimsuit
5. Vintage Halter Bow Suit
Infant Swimsuits for Girls #2:
Dancing Flamingos
1. Tassel Swimsuit | 2. Flamingo Pool Toy
3. Flocks of Flamingos | 4. Kissing Birds
5. Scalloped Sandals | 6. Terry Cloth Coverup
Infant Swimsuits for Girls #3:
Unicorn Magic
1. Unicorn Tutu Two-Piece | 2. Swim Diaper & Hat
3. Unicorn Blanket | 4. Unicorn One-Piece Baby Swimsuit
5. Unicorn Pool Floatie
Infant Swimsuits for Girls #4:
Mermaid Lagoon
1. Mermaid Two-Piece | 2. Pink One-Piece
3. Hooded Towel | 4. Golden Sandals
5. Blue One-Piece Baby Swimsuit
Infant Swimsuit for Girls #5:
Pockets of Posies
1. Daisy Headband | 2. Daisy Sunhat
3. One-Piece Swimsuit | 4. Ruffled Swimsuit
5. Crochet Sandals
Infant Swimsuits for Girls #6:
Set Sail!
1. Sailor Baby Swimsuit | 2. Striped Swimshorts
3. Black and White Swimsuit | 4. Anchor Sunhat
5. White Terry Romper | 6. Sailboat Ruffles
7. Sailor Bodysuit
Infant Swimsuits for Girls #7:
Beautiful Blooms
1. Dainty Daisies | 2. Rose Sandals | 3. Floral Towel
4. Garden Tutu | 5. Polka-Dot Tutu
Infant Swimsuits for Girls #8:
Under the Sea
1. Fish School Rashguard | 2. Scales Rashguard
3. Kissing Fish Two-Piece | 4. Hooded Cover-Up
5. Pool Floatie with Canopy
Adorable Infant Swimsuits for Boys
I can see, in my mind’s eye, your little man digging away at that hole, “working” with Daddy to build a sandcastle. And in my vision, he’s wearing one of these adorable baby swimsuits for boys.
Infant Swimsuits for Boys #1:
Cap’n Cutie
1. Nautical Rash Guard | 2. Baby Swim Trunks
3. Navy Sunhat | 4. Nautical Gift Set with Tote
5. Cap’n Swim Set
Infant Swimsuits for Boys #2:
Shark Bait
1. Two Piece Rash Guard | 2. Swim Jumpsuit
3. Striped Rash Guard | 4. Shark Terry Robe
5. Shark Bucket Hat | 6. Shark Inflatable
Infant Swimsuits for Boys #3:
Sweet Snorkels
1. Baby Sunglasses | 2. Crab Snorkels | 3. Green Sunhat
4. Rashguard Set | 5. Brown Sandals
6. Schooled Swimmer Rash Guard
Infant Swimsuits for Boys #4:
Whales of Laughter
1. Orange Rash Guard | 2. Yellow Swim Short
3. Yellow and Blue Rash Guard | 4. Red & Blue Bodysuit
5. Whale Inflatable | 6. Whale Baseball Cap
Infant Swimsuits for Boys #5:
Gone Fishin’
1. Baby Sunsuit & Hat | 2. Orange Sunhat
3. Orange Sunsuit | 4. Green Glasses
Infant Swimsuits for Boys #6:
Gator Grins
1. Rash Guard | 2. Pocket Trunks
3. Sunhat | 4. One-Piece Swimsuit
5. Gator Swim Set
Infant Swimsuits for Boys #7:
A Bit Crabby
1. Blue Striped Rash Guard | 2. Surfing Crab Swimshirt
3. Baby Swim Trunks | 4. Crab Sun Hat
5. Leather Sandals
Infant Swimsuits for Boys #8:
Dunkin’ Dino
1. Infant Sunglasses | 2. Dino Baby Trunks
3. Blue Rash Guard | 4. Navy Rash Guard
5. Dino Sun Hat
Ready for Some Fun in the Sun?
I know, I’ve made it hard on you. It’s a large pile of cuteness, and somehow you’ve got to dig through and choose a winner. I know, it’s just not possible. We’ll have to randomize it.
Close your eyes, do a wild scroll up on your phone, and jab your finger on the screen. There’s your winner!
Okay, so now we’ve got your baby’s tiny tush covered, it’s time to think about his sensitive skin as well. Do you have a baby-safe sunscreen on hand?
I know it can be overwhelming, trying to identify the ingredients that are safe for your precious child’s largest organ, so I’ve created a free sunscreen printable right here ready to help you out. It lists what you want to see on that ingredient list, and what you don’t.
You’re welcome. *wink*
Have You Read These Yet?
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Right after Lizard Squad claimed the Tor attack, The Anonymous Group posted a message related to this attack. They told Lizard Squad to stop the attack as soon as possible, because “People need that service because of corrupt governments”:
In it’s latest tweets, the Anonymous Group is trying to explain what is Tor and how it works. You can find more information regarding the Tor Browser by watching this video:
Tor Browser’s team posted a statement regarding the way they were attacked:
[tor-talk] 3347 “lizardNSA” Relays on google cloud.
It is dangerous. I’ve run a cluster of exits for a long time and
people like myself and Moritz know the dangers of reducing the
diversity pool. Adding even a gigabit of exits to a single AS right
now is dangerous and I’ve consulted arma on the topic before who
agreed. Beyond 25% of the network is dangerous and higher than that
could cause serious anonymity implications.
As a correction too, you do not control 90% of the exit BW, you have a
potential of approximately that. If, what I only really described as a
Sybil attack continues (I can’t judge if it is malicious as there is
no evidence of that to my knowledge), it will harm the Tor network and
it does run the risk of getting a BadExit flag.
Also, if you want to contribute to Tor you are welcome to ask what to
do. Coming in, firing up huge B/W potential exits without blocking
certain ports and then associating it as a positive sign is to
misunderstand why the network is secure and can be very detrimental to
our cause. We can cope with double the bandwidth before those nodes
came online and we can certainly scale – me and Moritz, as well as
other groups who work on Tor in various ways do have plans should this
ever be required even on short notice.
Source – | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '24', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.942441463470459}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '52760', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CFVCG4OXUY3YZLB2KYQMYDCC6S5MGU7E', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:65aa04dd-ccae-4b1a-8725-49693069613e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 6, 18, 2, 54, 43), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.27.155.182', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KFOHPLAO46KWYSC2TWL57ETKVQETFDR3', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:05082e63-62c5-4ca7-8954-3b641d30ec9f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.hackingnews.com/cyber-crime/lizard-squad-attacking-tor-browser-using-ddos/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:83b3741b-e41a-490a-bcdd-43c2d0a975fd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '349', 'url': 'http://www.hackingnews.com/cyber-crime/lizard-squad-attacking-tor-browser-using-ddos/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-26\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-113-175-32.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.029945731163024902', 'original_id': '144715c345674dbacb43fe6268512c533c3f972c9aa9fb804902df39e119453a'} |
It’s not everyday that you have big international VC firms talking and meeting Portuguese startups and founders. That was what happened in the past two days at the GoYouthConference. Investors from Index Ventures, True Ventures, Union Square Ventures, Hoxton Ventures and Earlybird stopped by LX Factory to discuss the Do’s and Don’ts of raising money. Among the investors, were Ciaran O’Leary and Hussein Kanji.
SEE ALSO: Leveraging Youth With a Conference [Go Youth Conference]
Ciaran O’Leary is a Partner at Earlybird, a Berlin-based VC firm that over the years invested in companies like EyeEm (which recently raised 18 million dollars), Wunderslist and (which was recently acquired by BlaBlaCar). Ciaran showed lots of excitement for the Portuguese startup scene. He was surprised to see so many marketplaces, like Uniplaces, Zaask and Unbabel, so many geeks building companies and so many companies with global potential. He also finds it easy to do business in Portugal: “everyone speaks english and it’s open”.
Ciaran OLearyIn the past years, Berlin has kept us busy, but for the past 2 years, Portugal has been on our radar and I definitely want to come back, if not for this conference [GoYouthConference] in the next weeks or months.
Ciaran advises the Portuguese startup ecosystem to be patient and “not worry about being a Portuguese company. Make sure you use it as a strength”.
We also talked with Hussein Kanji, who is already a regular at GoYouthConference. Hussein Kanji is a partner Hoxton Ventures, a London-based VC firm that has invested in companies like Deliveroo and SuperAwesome. Hussein confirmed that Farfecth’s most recent valuation puts Portugal in the map. However, more investors will come when the Portuguese startup scene has a handful of 100 million dollar startups.
Hussein KanjiFarfetch is 6/7 years old, so that’s generation 1. Uniplaces, Unbabel, Codacy and Hole19 are generation 2. Usually international investors arrive at generation 3.
For Hussein market and team are the most important things when looking at a startup. He doesn’t care in which stage the startup is. Their focus is on billion dollar markets.
In the end, the message from the several investors in the event was clear: Portugal is already in their radar, they want to come back more often and start investing in Portuguese startups. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9490317106246948}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '162352', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FTGGKVSB2MJEWTCLEKHJQKM3R3GMMI5G', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4ebfa9b5-b592-47c5-a206-b0dda0ed6695>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 22, 22, 10, 30), 'WARC-IP-Address': '18.216.81.20', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NWSNLN4SYCYEQ47OZRHX3HZSCP2EM4LR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:080192ec-1246-4808-b39a-f0ad3786125d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://portugalstartups.com/2015/04/portugal-in-the-eyes-of-international-vcs/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:35237f66-0421-48f7-87d8-ed432de1e8b3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '371', 'url': 'https://portugalstartups.com/2015/04/portugal-in-the-eyes-of-international-vcs/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-140-190-246.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.025704145431518555', 'original_id': 'c4895ce16d9d1e097a34da93b079e794b4b702af02514306caf619bf541cdf11'} |
package middlewares
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
)
type httpErrRet struct {
Code string `json:"code"`
Msg string `json:"msg"`
Success bool `json:"success"`
}
// EchoErrorHandler 错误拦截中间件
func EchoErrorHandler(next echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc {
return func(c echo.Context) error {
err := next(c)
if err != nil {
// TODO 待完善错误处理
fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("http error: %s", err.Error()))
}
return err
}
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/yizhihouzi/go-microservices-boilerplate/blob/master/chapter3/pkg/middlewares/err_http.go', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '2022.0', 'title': 'go-microservices-boilerplate', 'creator': 'yizhihouzi', 'language': 'Go', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '54', 'token_count': '193', '__index_level_0__': '11818', 'original_id': 'ce6350e2ff2f3b26f5bf958ebbe8e6788a4179b4a6374cecd877348c4782b2ac'} |
Q:
Improve storage capacity / performance of std::vector
I am building a modelling software I had a few questions about how to get the best performance ?
1) Should I use std::vector<class> or std::vector<class*> ?
My class is quite complicated / big , and I think using the second option is better , as since std::vector tries to allocate memory contiguously and there might not be a contiguous block of memory to store a million class, but when I just store pointers, the class does not have to be stored contiguously only the pointers have to stored and the computer might have space to do this. Is this reasoning correct?
2) As I said I will have millions of class, (for proper simulation I will need > billion of the class ) is inheritance a smart thing to use here ?
For my simulation , there are multiple different types which inherits from the same base class,
class A - class B
- class C
- class D
Should I avoid inheritance as I keep hearing that there is a performance penalty for using inheritance ?
3) Also how do I store all these different class in a std::vector ?
Can a std::vector<base_class * > or std::vector<base_class> store class B , class C , class D which all inherit from the base class ?
4) In the previous version of the program , I used multi threading by making the different process handle different sections of the std::vector , is there a better way to do the threading ?
5) Should I use smart pointers ? Since I have so many objects , will they degrade performance ?
I am in the planning stage and any help is greatly appreciated.
A:
I deal with problems like this every day in a professional setting (I'm a C++ programmer by trade, dealing with big-data sets). As such what I'm about to say here is as much personal-advice as it is an answer. I won't go all out on the simple parts:
1 - Yes store pointers, it will be much faster than reallocation and move times than the full class-object.
2 - Yes, use inheritance if the objects have information in relation, I imagine in this case they most likely do as your considering it. If they don't, why would you store them together?
3 - Store them all using smart pointers to the base-class (the parent object, thus you can add a single virtual "get_type" function to return and enumeration, and convert to a child when you need to. This will save the overhead of providing multiple virtual-methods if you don't need child-data often.
4 - Arguable, but threading separate parts of a larger array is the simpler approach (and when your dealing with huge complexity of data, simpler is better.
Everyone knows that debugging is twice as hard as writing a program in the first place. So if you're as clever as you can be when you write it, how will you ever debug it? ~ Brian Kernighan
5 - There will be some small penalty for using smart pointers ( As explained in this question, however in my opinion that penalty (especially with the unique_ptr) is so small compared to the ease-of-use and loss of complexity, it's definitely worth it
And putting it all together:
class Abstract_Parent;
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Abstract_Parent>> Data;
enum ChildType {Child_1 = 0, Child_2 = 1};
class Abstract_Parent
{
public:
virtual ChildType GetType() = 0;
}
class Child_One
{
public:
virtual ChildType GetType() { return Child_1; }
}
class Child_Two
{
public:
virtual ChildType GetType() { return Child_2; }
}
void Some_Function()
{
//this is how to insert a child-object
std::unique_ptr<Abstract_Parent> Push_me_Back(new Child_One());
Data.Push_Back(std::move(Push_me_Back));
if(Data[0]->GetType() == Child_1)
{
Child_1 *Temp_Ptr = dynamic_cast<Child_One*> Data[0];
Temp_Ptr->Do_Something_Specific();
}
}
A:
1.) That depends on your use case. You will use a pointer if you want to access object through a base class pointer. On the other side you lose the advantage of continuous memory and cache locality of code and data.
2.) If you need 1 billion instance then every additional data per object will increase you memory footprint. For example an additional pointer to your virtual function table (vptr) of 8 bytes will increase your memory requirements by 8 GBytes. Storing every type in a different vector without a virtual base class does not have this overhead.
2b) Yes you should avoid inheritance with virtual function if you aim for performance. The instruction cache will be trashed if virtual function are called with different implementations. At least you can sort your big vector by type to minimize this problem.
3.) You must use the pointer option to prevent slicing if you go for a base class with virtual functions.
4.) More information is needed and should be answered in separate question.
5.) Every indirection will degrade performance.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '194a438e9e5d2555217e4ae3d13fd13d0b360346ee7d8bf5f374843f371eb105'} |
Brooklyn’s Finest’s real power comes from Ethan Hawke’s performance
Film review: Brooklyn’s Finest (18, running time: 133min), an ironically titled ensemble cop thriller, stars
Richard Gere as a jaded detective treading water in the last days before his retirement.
Brooklyn’s Finest’s real power comes from Ethan Hawke’s performance
Brooklyn’s Finest: Richard Gere gets into jaded cop mode
Forced into showing a newbie the ropes, he does everything to quash this guyâs enthusiasm â you canât really help anyone in this damn city, so why bother?
Meanwhile, Tango ( Don Cheadle ) is a cop whoâs gone so deep that his loyalties to a drug kingpin ( Wesley Snipes ) may come before the demands of his superior, Agent Smith (a terrific Ellen Barkin ).
And volatile Detective Sal ( Ethan Hawke )? Heâs a desperate father, always promising his large, poverty-stricken Catholic family what he canât deliver. So desperate, heâs prepared to commit murder to provide his ailing wife, pregnant with twins, with a safe new homeâ¦
So, there are interesting characters and an eventful story. However, the dialogue is patchy, the tone po-faced and the three-strand plot increasingly convoluted.
Gere, meanwhile, feels just too soft for his role. His blank face may be intended to convey world-weary ennui but it just looks⦠blank. Weâre none the wiser.
It doesnât help that Gereâs character recalls Training Day, director Antoine Fuquaâs superior bad-cop drama from 2001.
What gives this an extra star is Ethan Hawke: there are plenty of guns blazing in this movie but the real fire comes from his powerhouse performance.
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '14', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.924419403076172}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '187846', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6UGXBO4OIKRN5KECXOYWC7VVYHLQTVUA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2e674b56-cbe2-425e-95da-35782f2d6139>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 31, 9, 23, 28), 'WARC-IP-Address': '76.74.255.123', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6I63BYOE7NAH3XTTR2VFMCWU3M5JTCCH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:48616612-fc3f-4831-9c25-f1c29d03bdce>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://metro.co.uk/2010/06/10/brooklyns-finest-film-review-380218/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2a6e64d8-9d87-4d55-85be-a094e00437a1>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '276', 'url': 'http://metro.co.uk/2010/06/10/brooklyns-finest-film-review-380218/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.28898143768310547', 'original_id': '0242be68b4318d01f0dc2fc0a101b5211a3f387ca39409124350b4cc0b56297c'} |
Q:
ReactStrap input group bug (not 100% width)
Does anyone have this bug where an input group addon or dropdown is taking up half of the entire width instead of a 100%. (basically the InputGroupButton is taking up the other 50% so 100% width spread automatically between two elements but in the Reactstrp docs there's every indication that this is goes against expected behavior)
I want my input group to be 100% width like the rest.
https://reactstrap.github.io/components/input-group/
this is what I currently have :
and if I open Inspect Element :
you can see that the InputGroupButton isn't setting a padding or a margin like "auto" or something similar which you'd expect to be responsible for this.
here's the small snipet of react render concerning the password field :
render() {
return (
<Label className="password">
<InputGroup>
<Input
className="password__input"
placeholder="Mot de Passe"
type={this.state.type}
onChange={this.passwordStrength}
/>
<InputGroupButton><Button onClick={this.showHide}>
{this.state.type === 'password' ?
<i className="fa fa-eye" aria-hidden="true" />
:
<i className="fa fa-eye-slash" aria-hidden="true" />
}</Button></InputGroupButton>
</InputGroup>
<span
className="password__strength"
data-score={this.state.score}
/>
</Label>
);
}
and here's the render that calls it (it's called at "ShowPassword") :
render() {
return (
<div>
<Button color="info" onClick={this.toggle}>{this.props.buttonLabel}</Button>
<Modal isOpen={this.state.modal} toggle={this.toggle} className={this.props.className}>
<ModalHeader toggle={this.toggle}>Créer un compte</ModalHeader>
<ModalBody>
Veuillez renseigner les champs ci-dessous afin de créer votre compte
<InputGroup>
<Input placeholder="Nom d'utilisateur" />
</InputGroup>
<InputGroup>
<Input placeholder="E-mail" />
</InputGroup>
<InputGroup>
<ShowPassword />
</InputGroup>
<InputGroup>
<Input placeholder="Confirmer"/>
</InputGroup>
</ModalBody>
<ModalFooter>
<Button color="primary" onClick={this.toggle}>Envoyer</Button>{' '}
<Button color="secondary" onClick={this.toggle}>Annuler</Button>
</ModalFooter>
</Modal>
</div>
);
}
A:
This is not a bug. You are using reactstrap an unintended manner. reactstrap is based on Bootstrap CSS Library. Bootstrap expects you to structure your elements and CSS classes in a certain way it describes in the documentation. If we don't follow them, we can't get the expected result.
As an example, Bootstrap only expects certain elements like Input, InputGroupButton and InputGroupAddon inside the InputGroup. But in your case, if we replace ShowPassword with its actual JSX structure, you will have a Label inside InputGroup and another InputGroup inside the Label. What is why it is not rendered as expected.
First, to wrap your ShowPassword, you should use a div instead of a Label.
render() {
return (
<div className="password">
<InputGroup>
<Input
className="password__input"
placeholder="Mot de Passe"
type={this.state.type}
onChange={this.passwordStrength}
/>
<InputGroupButton>
<Button onClick={this.showHide}>
{this.state.type === "password"
? <i className="fa fa-eye" aria-hidden="true" />
: <i className="fa fa-eye-slash" aria-hidden="true" />}
</Button>
</InputGroupButton>
</InputGroup>
<span className="password__strength" data-score={this.state.score} />
</div>
);
}
and then you should remove additional InputGroup which wrap your ShowPassword component.
render() {
return (
<div>
<Button color="info" onClick={this.toggle}>
{this.props.buttonLabel}
</Button>
<Modal
isOpen={this.state.modal}
toggle={this.toggle}
className={this.props.className}
>
<ModalHeader toggle={this.toggle}>Créer un compte</ModalHeader>
<ModalBody>
Veuillez renseigner les champs ci-dessous afin de créer votre compte
<InputGroup>
<Input placeholder="Nom d'utilisateur" />
</InputGroup>
<InputGroup>
<Input placeholder="E-mail" />
</InputGroup>
<ShowPassword />
<InputGroup>
<Input placeholder="Confirmer" />
</InputGroup>
</ModalBody>
<ModalFooter>
<Button color="primary" onClick={this.toggle}>
Envoyer
</Button>{" "}
<Button color="secondary" onClick={this.toggle}>
Annuler
</Button>
</ModalFooter>
</Modal>
</div>
);
}
Hopefully, now you will get the expected the result.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd038f97d808a60084563e69952c325ec72d10b8d4bbd6c1e73b6a45fb9abbd69'} |
Carl H. Lindner College of Business
People Become More Economically Conservative When Angered
Thursday, August 31, 2017 2:36 PM
Study finds relationship between economic political opinions and competitiveness, resource scarcity.
Anthony Salerno
Anthony Salerno
By: Matt Koesters
Phone: (513) 556-5279
The motorist tailgating you on the highway might be doing more than just getting you upset — they could also be influencing your political views.
People tend to lean more economically conservative when they’re angry, according to an article recently published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. The two co-authors, University of Cincinnati assistant professor of marketing Anthony Salerno and University of Manitoba assistant professor Keri Kettle, came to the conclusion after running multiple studies that included more than 1,000 participants.
In the first of four studies, 538 undergraduate students were asked to score how prone they are to anger, how competitive they are and how strongly they agreed or disagreed with statements like, “Laws of nature are responsible for differences in wealth in society,” and “If people work hard, they almost always get what they want.” The study showed positive relationships between anger proneness, economic conservatism and competitiveness, providing preliminary evidence that anger enhances support for economic conservatism by making people more competitive.
Next, the two business professors enlisted 203 paid participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk, a crowdsourcing internet marketplace, to write essays and then answer surveys. A control group was asked to write about their typical day, and a second group was asked to describe experiences that illustrate what it feels like to be angry. This manipulation caused the latter group of respondents to feel what Salerno terms “incidental anger.”
“We got people angry that way, and then we asked them, ‘Oh by the way, we want to ask you a few basic personality questions,’” says Salerno. “We had things like age and gender, but along with those, we had a measure of people’s economic views. We embedded that in with a longer list of questions, and people had no idea that their responses were being influenced by this previous writing task.”
That influence caused a statistically significant rightward shift in the angry participants’ economic views. The question of what makes people angry elicited a wide range of responses, including:
“Traffic makes me angry. People tend to leave all rational thoughts behind them when they get behind the wheel of a car. People don't pay attention to what they are doing when they drive, and it leads to dangerous situations. It is even worse when there is rain or heavy congestion.Traffic makes me angry because it brings out the aggression of others.”
“I get angry when people ask me for advice, and then don't follow the advice I give them. I also get angry when people try to think for me. When either of these things happen, I get restless and stressed. I will try to leave the room or calm down in a place by myself and away from anyone else.”
“The only thing that makes me feel angry is general stupidity and lack of common sense. Like if I am talking to two people and one asks for the time. I will tell them while the other looks and listens on, then a minute later the other person asks for the time. It's like they are purposely trying to raise my blood pressure. I feel like a tumor is growing in my brain and is about to burst. Half the time I feel like slapping them, but I usually just give them the look of stupidity then walk away before something bad happens."
When Salerno and Kettle started the project, they originally thought that anger might just make people more conservative in general, but that turned out to not be the case. “It’s this very specific aspect of a person’s political views,” Salerno says.
So what gives?
“When you make people angry, you also make them more competitive,” Salerno explains. “If you think about competition, it’s about trying to win out over someone else, and it’s usually over some type of valuable or desirable resource. By making people more competitive, we think that people become more focused on acquiring resources.”
Another study conducted on Amazon Mechanical Turk backs up that thought. Salerno and Kettle used the same anger influence from their previous study, but they added a new wrinkle: resource scarcity versus resource abundance. They gave the participants 10 sets of five words apiece and asked them to form sentences by unscrambling the words. Some of the participants were influenced by the inclusion of words like “scarce,” “insufficient” and “broke.” Others received words like “abundant,” “plenty” and “sufficient.” The economic views of those who were influenced to believe that resources were scarce shifted much more than those influenced to believe they were abundant.
It works in the other direction, as well. Salerno says a group of respondents were first asked what makes them grateful before being asked about their political beliefs. The incidental gratitude — which stems from the belief that another person has caused a positive outcome in one’s own life — led to a more economically liberal response.
“Once people were reminded of a time they were grateful, they actually became more likely to support policy that would promote resource redistribution,” Salerno says.
Making people angry is a time-honored tradition during election season, and Salerno doesn’t doubt that someone might try to put the findings of this study to nefarious uses. His hope is that the study has the inoculating effect of helping people understand how their emotions can be used to manipulate them.”By making people more aware, they’re less susceptible to its influence,” he says. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9727474451065063}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '37760', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TUJKV7JJUB4N22YQU4LDNJYDR6QOTLY6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bcae910b-1564-43d5-9e13-0f8275da8b08>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 8, 19, 0, 24, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '129.137.5.176', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OTDI2X7QAMEHAZVYJ5XQFY6G7PEIE5GB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:fb7b588a-510a-4344-b08f-a85e6464368f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://business.uc.edu/news/departments/marketing/2017/aug/salerno-research.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4c1e30a9-6325-4570-aa06-76e26e8bb876>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '933', 'url': 'https://business.uc.edu/news/departments/marketing/2017/aug/salerno-research.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-11-199-188.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1855987310409546', 'original_id': '94e6343cc88a913b4a50e57fb0b66eaa8582df8e99a24e6f2a97e51ca77258cc'} |
Does Your Profit and Loss Statement Make You Go Cross-eyed?
Oct 17, 2018 | Anne's Blog
I want to talk today about your profit and loss statement. (Oh crap, did I lose you already? I hope not.) First of all, financial statements were not designed to be the bane of your, the business owner’s existence. They really weren’t. And if that’s what it feels like when you look at one, then maybe something’s amiss. Your financial statements should provide you with actionable information so that you can run your business better.
If somebody besides you looked at your Profit and Loss Statement, could they tell what your business is about? Could they tell what the costs of your products or services are? In other words, does your Profit and Loss Statement provide you with truly actionable information, or is it more just a data collector that gets shoveled off to the tax accountant at the end of the year? Are you familiar with the abbreviation GIGO? It stands for garbage in, garbage out and is applicable when something like a Profit and Loss Statement is totally incomprehensible.
I know how for small business owners who know their subject matter but not necessarily business fundamentals, it can be easy and seem, at the time, sensible to set up their accounting program (say, Quickbooks) to kind of sort of add things in as they go. What do I mean by that? When they make a sale of something, whatever it is, into Quickbooks goes a whole new item with whatever name springs to mind at the time. Seems to make sense at the time. Graphic design, web page, one color page, discount, ecommerce set up, SSL certificate, and more. Over time the list of revenue items just keeps growing and at the same time losing any sense of “what really am I selling?”. Expenses get added in the same meandering way until the profit and loss statement is many pages long and basically incomprehensible.
At this point, it’s not possible to tell how much a particular service is costing the business, or accurately determine what the business breakeven point is without jumping through more hoops than in a circus.
Hoop jumping should be left at the circus. You, the business owner, have too much on your plate without looking at a P&L Statement that seems like gobbledygook. It’s not okay.
What if you were to think of your Profit and Loss Statement as your ‘elevator pitch’. You know… the 30 to 60 second spiel you can reel off in your sleep about what your business does. What it delivers. If there are discrete products and services, they will lead the way. The actual products or services —- not how they are delivered. If you have five different products that are delivered six different ways, there’s nothing wrong with that. The point is to arrange the P&L so analysis can be accomplished by product/service. So you can determine the profitability of your products/services easily.
This suggests also that it makes sense to organize the Cost of Goods or Cost of Sales section of the P&L to mirror the revenue section. Track stuff by product/service. Again, the point here folks is to get you actionable information, not send you running to the bottle of ibuprofen to quell the headache that pops up when you realize you can’t make heads or tails of the data in the statement.
And before rushing to blame the bookkeeper, take a breath. Your bookkeeper is following your direction and if you aren’t providing any, well… This is not to say from a straight bookkeeping/accounting perspective that you need to be versed in that. They do. The guidance you are responsible for providing is more strategic. Bigger picture. What category names and groupings make most sense for running the business?
Look at the Before and After in the Revenue portion of Grinch Graphic Arts, Inc. Which makes more sense to you?
So think about how you can clean up your own P&L so that it provides real information for you. Make it the tool you can really use. If you’d like an outside set of eyes on yours to get it there faster, please reach out and we can get a call on the schedule to see how we can help. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9514593482017516}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '236914', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZWZ4SGTJMX3ZR6XTK5YHNVURYPDU6XFQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:97da8226-a129-4dd1-b7cd-459cf2457ced>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 28, 22, 16, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '34.145.58.169', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YUQ7PWMYO4Y3BVB5BIAGVC5AJRMP2SVY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6887465e-d1d3-48aa-bc64-5e74386d9b44>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://eyeonyourbusiness.net/does-your-profit-and-loss-statement-make-you-go-cross-eyed/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:fe5cd381-8dad-4d3b-a62b-303772e14dae>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '716', 'url': 'https://eyeonyourbusiness.net/does-your-profit-and-loss-statement-make-you-go-cross-eyed/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-125\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.12064611911773682', 'original_id': '8d5dd8390d1413fca3cf824701966a58ee10154416fef558301fbf9e92e661bb'} |
headerimage 2018 en 2
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In the case of production plants that have undergone periodic preventative maintenance, the most effective way to ensure system availability at all times is replacing the electrical drive and automation system.
Retrofitting is therefore the most cost-effective alternative to new investment.
Depending on the scope of service provided, your retrofitted system can reach the same standard of functionality, as any state-of-theart system. Work safety requirements and EU standards will be observed. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8390389084815979}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '15490', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5S4SIMVITHBKD5V6CIRAH66XQ7M7JIHW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:66f9dfd0-8947-41d0-a672-3970bd1c081c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 19, 21, 22, 29), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.109.180.200', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:5RNPBADG7LSPT6ILRHC5VHSZO2HR3V2E', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2aa30a87-6c7d-4c8e-8910-9accd5967442>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.lebbing.com/en/products-service/retrofitting', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:badb88ab-0400-436e-988b-5a7da13e69d8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '78', 'url': 'https://www.lebbing.com/en/products-service/retrofitting', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-152-225-239.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02532130479812622', 'original_id': '4763557f132449b8d4ed0397b4511e70f8764c3dca7d460760deccfb0fcca7ec'} |
Q:
How to read local json file based on ID in ios swift?
I am implementing songs(text only) application in ios native in offline mode. I am creating local JSON files to read the data from those files. I am using the following JSON file but I don't know is it the right format for developing this application. But I want to know how to read the particular song title and text based on SongID when the user clicked on Next and Previous Buttons
My Tasks:
1. Need to implement NextSong and PreviousSong Buttons
2. Need to show the title of the songs list
{
“Telugu_songs“:[
{
“Id”: 1,
“Title”: “song1 title”,
“Text”: “song1 sample text”
},
{
“Id”: 2,
“Title”: “song2 title”,
“Text”: “song2 sample text”
},
{
“Id”: 3,
“Title”: “song3 title”,
“Text”: “song3 sample text”
},
],
“English_songs“:[
{
“Id”: 1,
“Title”: “song1 title”,
“Text”: “song1 sample text”
},
{
“Id”: 2,
“Title”: “song2 title”,
“Text”: “song2 sample text”
},
{
“Id”: 3,
“Title”: “song3 title”,
“Text”: “song3 sample text”
},
],
“Hindi_songs“:[
{
“Id”: 1,
“Title”: “song1 title”,
“Text”: “song1 sample text”
},
{
“Id”: 2,
“Title”: “song2 title”,
“Text”: “song2 sample text”
},
{
“Id”: 3,
“Title”: “song3 title”,
“Text”: “song3 sample text”
},
]
}
A:
Your JSON format is correct, just the double quotes you used to wrap keys and values seems wrong. Here is your working JSON:
{
"Telugu_songs": [{
"Id": 1,
"Title": "song1 title",
"Text": "song1 sample text"
},
{
"Id": 2,
"Title": "song2 title",
"Text": "song2 sample text"
},
{
"Id": 3,
"Title": "song3 title",
"Text": "song3 sample text"
}
],
"English_songs": [{
"Id": 1,
"Title": "song1 title",
"Text": "song1 sample text"
},
{
"Id": 2,
"Title": "song2 title",
"Text": "song2 sample text"
},
{
"Id": 3,
"Title": "song3 title",
"Text": "song3 sample text"
}
],
"Hindi_songs": [{
"Id": 1,
"Title": "song1 title",
"Text": "song1 sample text"
},
{
"Id": 2,
"Title": "song2 title",
"Text": "song2 sample text"
},
{
"Id": 3,
"Title": "song3 title",
"Text": "song3 sample text"
}
]
}
UPDATE:
Create a Codable class/struct and then store the JSON data in an array. You can then use increase array index +1, -1 based on your next previous button.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd7527c5b5d2920907b5adf9261b0a28ce9b948b67f4b7f1d6f83d93bbd8e731e'} |
Public Utilities Reports
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Green Contracting
Structuring renewable agreements to survive change.
Fortnightly Magazine - November 2009
this policy was established before renewable energy resources began to develop on a larger scale. As FERC Chairman Wellinghoff recently testified before Congress, “[r]enewable energy resources such as wind, solar and geothermal are usually found in large quantities at dispersed locations remote from load centers…. [T]here are often high costs associated with developing transmission facilities needed to deliver power from such resources. If the resource developer or host utility is compelled to bear all of the cost of these transmission facilities, they may not be developed….” 2
Regional transmission providers and independent system operators have struggled with how to allocate these costs equitably among stakeholders. In 2007, FERC approved an innovative approach by the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) to allocate interconnection costs for location-constrained renewable resources. The approved CAISO financing mechanism applies to qualifying generation tie lines. The CAISO tariff initially treats such facilities as “network upgrades” such that the costs are reflected in CAISO-wide transmission rates paid by all users of the CAISO system. Each generator that thereafter interconnects to the tie-line becomes responsible for paying its pro rata share of the going-forward costs of the line, thereby reducing the costs allocated to the system generally.
In June 2009, FERC approved changes to the Southwest Power Pool’s (SPP) rules for allocating the costs of transmission for wind generation. SPP’s proposals would make more of the costs associated with wind resources able to be funded as part of SPP’s regional “base plan” for transmission upgrades and reduce the costs that would be allocated directly to the wind projects or their transmission customers. Under SPP’s cost allocation rules, the costs of transmission upgrades would be eligible for base-plan funding if, among other things, the costs were less than or equal to a “safe harbor limit.” Costs that exceed the safe harbor limit would be directly assigned to the transmission customer. The safe harbor limit was based on the lesser of the planned maximum net dependable capacity of the resource or the requested capacity. Because of the intermittent nature of wind energy, SPP generally was assigning a very low “net dependable capacity” to wind resources— i.e., 10 percent of their nameplate capacity—to calculate the safe harbor limit. As a result, the costs of transmission upgrades that were allocated to the base plan for wind resources were significantly limited, and a disproportionate amount of costs were directly assigned to the wind project or its customer. For wind resources, SPP now uses the requested nameplate capacity of the project instead of its net dependable capacity. FERC concluded that this would “eliminat[e] existing provisions that currently disadvantage wind resources.” 3
FERC also approved a change in SPP’s cost-allocation mechanism that addresses the situation when a transmission customer designates a wind generating facility as a network resource to serve the customer’s load, but the wind facility isn’t located in the same zone as the load it’s contracted to serve. In this circumstance, 67 percent of the costs are borne by all load in the SPP region on a postage-stamp basis. FERC determined that SPP’s proposals struck a | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '19', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.950675904750824}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '50764', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:V5SUIMZEYWMIAK5274WQWT6MPY56ZZQH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9526bf81-d68d-4599-9d9d-2bbb9e91e136>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 1, 16, 35, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.225.140.6', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JJ732QSG7JGZTEZNFC5FM2MODF3PLKTZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c7f64312-c621-4fad-9d9b-6c098866d864>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.fortnightly.com/fortnightly/2009/11/green-contracting?page=0%25252C6%252C8%2C8', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a051a114-8f91-48a6-b6f9-5ebd9c0227ea>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '559', 'url': 'http://www.fortnightly.com/fortnightly/2009/11/green-contracting?page=0%25252C6%252C8%2C8', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.027919113636016846', 'original_id': 'abe85360de907f2867047e22c4a5757644fb905cbc1de03d9d59237b6a9c77bd'} |
Chateau de la Mulonniere is located 25 km from Angers in Beaulieu-sur-Lyon, a village famous for its sweet wines of Coto du Layon. Château de la Moulonier is a historic winery in the Loire Valley, where excellent wines have been produced since 1860. Acquired by the Saget family in 2002, the chateau boasts an exceptional terroir in the most prestigious Apellasion of the Anjou region.
Chateau de la Mulonniere White Dry
Alc. 12,5%, bottle: 750ml | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8934116959571838}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '34350', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:R5CH5UQZMHA2QHISIPRRCYZEMLMX7GQ3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:439cf4aa-02cd-4e4d-adeb-949ba35b1096>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 30, 8, 5, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '195.208.1.135', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MSG5O3ELVJQIA4PUKNFSYBKYELBB5SIV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3a93db46-61bd-40cf-974c-f5217d73d1d1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://amelia.com.ru/tnwc_brands/chateau-de-la-mulonniere/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:544b8dee-d216-4ab5-92fe-3084e95d8862>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '75', 'url': 'http://amelia.com.ru/tnwc_brands/chateau-de-la-mulonniere/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-170.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0317421555519104', 'original_id': '1e6e7653b57afb259498903a645195f10517ae57ff984de1b6130e40cfa5e39b'} |
Girlfriend Gets Humongous Breast Implants For BF, Doesn't Realize One Little Thing (Photos)
12:02:00 PM 0 Comments A+ a-
In a recent episode of Botched, Dr. Terry Dubrow suggested to one of his latest patients that he stab her breast implants with a needle to help reduce their size.
Dubrow’s advice was for a woman named Ilana, who had 38F implants to please a boyfriend but now wants them removed, the Daily Mail reported.
Dubrow quickly recognized the problem, noticing that Ilana’s blood vessels on her chest were very large.
“That in itself indicates tissue injury and damage,” Dubrow tells her, according to the Mail. “Look how peely your skin is. Now does it peel like this normally?”
Ilana responded that it has “always been a little bit chaffy.”
Dubrow concludes that this is an “indication of underlying pressure, tension, and generalized tissue trauma.”
He then proceeded to outline his unusual approach, which he admitted only having tried a couple of times in his career.
“We do know we need to take the implants out; we do know we need to do a lifting procedure, which means reduce the areola, reduce a lot of the breast envelope and lift you up,” said Dubrow. “But we do know that doing that in one stage is extraordinarily risky to your breast tissue and to your nipple.”
The alternative: “Putting a needle into the breast implants and sucking out the fluid, allowing the soft tissue to retract and everything to sort of relax down and then after a period of time doing one operation,” he added.
“It saves you from having to have two operations or more, which would avoid all the risks of anesthesia and the significant risks of the surgery itself,” Dubrow added.
Ilana responded positively, agreeing to the procedure.
On another episode, Dubrow and Nassif helped a transgender woman who went to Mexico for a nose job because she could get it cheaper there than in the United States.
“It was like going to a fast food restaurant and you're going to the menu board and picking what you want,” she told Dr. Paul Nassif, Dubrow’s colleague, according to
“If you know you're doing something like that, you know you need to get up and you need to run out as fast as your legs will carry you,” Nassif replied. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9604229927062988}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '332042', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZFKZPL64YS3RRL3HIVLZBCGSOTHG5NYJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c30a77ad-0585-471a-ba65-f5338f31f75e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 2, 26, 23, 46, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.239.38.21', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VXIPHY7PYIILDSOCJITSK27RUCROGZMR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d6087488-32b0-4f8f-b0a4-35738eb454a1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.epicpostz.com/2016/10/girlfriend-gets-humongous-breast.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:59cdef2d-9f89-4269-bb8f-85958e976809>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '361', 'url': 'http://www.epicpostz.com/2016/10/girlfriend-gets-humongous-breast.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-09\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.025762736797332764', 'original_id': 'dedc6445cbccf989fc0f2bced65e98f06f1660b2344d786c56166fe9583a36f7'} |
Chhattisgarh CM Says Maoists Are Terrorists1 picture
Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh addresses a press conference in New Delhi on May 19, 2010. Terming Naxals as the biggest terrorists, Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh said there cannot be a 'soft line' to deal with...More
Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh addresses a press conference in New Delhi...Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh addresses a press conference in New Delhi on May 19, 2010. Terming Naxals as the biggest terrorists, Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh said there cannot be a 'soft line' to deal with Maoists.LessMore | mini_pile | {'original_id': '7119d549d6b17009b2661c6f725193ab2eae9a5ba6da0915bd377032c0bc50b8'} |
Saturday, January 12, 2013
On Fairy Tales and Netflix
A few days ago, I returned to Maryland from my Christmas break in Florida. I found most of my vacation rejuvenating if for no other reason than because I spent most of it in bed with the cold that would not end. I was not stuck in bed long before I decide to renew my Netflix account. Originally, I planned to spend my time in Florida learning how to drive and possibly taking a test to get my driver's licence. Instead, I worked through three seasons of Doctor Who in two or three days (it's hard to remember exactly because there was a lot of coughing, spitting up phlegm, and watching Community as well). I was not in a state to spend much time with anyone in a meaningful way, but the desire to recuse myself into the comforting realm of episodic narratives probably devoured more hours than it needed to as 2012 drew to a close. These circumstances--as well as behaviors in the past that inspired me to delete my account a few weeks ago--prompted my desire to articulate a New Year's Resolution that addressed my addiction to Netflix marathoning.
However, on the penultimate day of my trip--a point by which I had felt better for a while--I used my Netflix account for good. I introduced my six-and-a-half year old niece to Stephen Sondheim's Into the Woods. Notes on my niece and Sondheim's masterpiece are important. Stella lives with my parents and has enjoyed a Disney upbringing. From seeing her Christmas presents and room decorations over the years, I can assure you that Disney has more to offer girls than their stock princess line. In fact, they almost design the princess model for an older aged girl, the age Stella is becoming now. Prior to that there's a big emphasis on fairies--Tinkerbell and her cadre of friends. It's the line of products that comes before the princess parade. Which now that I think of it is genius not only for marketing purposes (I think three to five year old girls would be inclined to like fairies more than princesses) but also for consumption--the switch will mean that the same customer will be willing to buy a new line of merchandise since they no longer are interested in the previous permutation you sold to them. Well, there's Uncle Allan and his jaded but realistic understanding of the Disney corporation's economic agendas. The point is Stella is a child of the Disney demographic and is getting ready to enter her era of the princess. As a card-carrying feminist, I have my feelings about the princess persona which are fairly predictable; so I don't feel like I need to rehearse them here.
Pictured: Spice Girls Reunion Tour Poster
If Stella ends up liking Disney princesses, at the end of the day, that's not going to bother me too much.Because I can always use what Disney has made fascinating and familiar to her and show her a more excellent way. Cinderella means something to her; she knows about Little Red Riding Hood; she loves Rapunzel. These are characters that resonate with her--and less than a week ago I got to share with her some very different permutations of those stories. Into the Woods is a musical that Sondheim wrote back in the 1980s: it interweaves the stories of various familiar fairy tale characters--particularly those of the Brothers Grimm. It maintains the dark undertones and content of a number of the stories (Cinderella's step-mother cuts off the toes and heels of her step-sisters so their feet will fit into the slipper; the step-sisters are blinded by birds; Rapunzel's prince is blinded by falling from her tower; Little Red Riding Hood is eaten by the wolf), while maintaining an overall comedic sensibility. (It's like Once Upon a Time if it were written by people who did not assume their audience was made of idiots completely incapable of following a story . . . Sorry: I've been marathoning on Once Upon a Time lately). Into the Woods is a dark comedy, but one that is light and fun for the whole family. And Netflix offers a filmed version of the Broadway theatrical staging of the musical.
It's Sondheim, so it's clever and very witty. And one thing I love about it is that its return to the source material for the fairy tales reinvigorates the ethics and moral ambiguities of the stories that Disney purposefully eliminated. Disney told fairy tales as melodramas: worlds were morally polarized, good triumphed while evil languished, and music advanced the plot. Into the Woods specifically deals with the harder ambiguities of morality in adult life. Little Red Riding Hood eventually observes that "good is different than nice." And the Witch proclaims, "You're not bad; you're not good. You're just nice." And as the show comes to an end there are songs about characters needing to figure out what good means by themselves because no one can do that for you. But ultimately, the musical then turns in on itself and makes evident its question about whether or not these stories that many people have used to teach moral lessons to children are good tales to tell.
Audio: "Children Will Listen Finale" ... God Bless Bernadette Peters
There were times when my niece was bored and moments when she left the room for a little bit. But it was a three hour play and she watched most of it. She even wanted to watch it again the next day; and we did. The music is not like Disney; it's harder to memorize. She can't parrot lyrics or even tunes from it like she can songs from Tangled. Part of that is familiarity, and part of that is just that Sondheim write more complex and demanding music that's by its nature more challenging for professionals much less children. But she liked seeing the characters. And she liked watching them with me.
At the time she kept asking me a question: is it real? Did they really cut off the toe? Did wolf really eat Little Red Riding Hood? Does the witch really have magic? These are not questions she asked of Tangled or The Little Mermaid or even a live action film like Enchanted. There was a part of each of those films that conveyed to her their artificiality. The theatrical production produced a little more ambiguity and a little more magic. It created stories she knew but didn't know. She didn't understand why they didn't show the Giant or the beanstalk that Jack sings about, but their absence did not prevent her from understanding the course of the story. I have no doubt she missed many things, including the main points of the film. From now on, any given day, I'm sure she'd still pick to watch Tangled more often than Into the Woods. I have no illusions that I have forever altered her commitment to Disney stories. But that little piece of theatre did open her eyes to different stories and different magic: worlds and conventions she doesn't know how to understand yet. She now has seen a piece of the medium that means so much to me.
When I was at home, for some reason, I remembered the time I was in fourth grade when I wrote a play. I wrote about our class taking a trip to the Kennedy Space Center (we may have gone to Space Camp that year); three other students and I wandered onto a shuttle and went to the moon or Mars. We came across a monster on whatever celestial body it was that we landed on before coming home. What I wrote was not the thing that stuck with me. No: it was that I took what was probably an off-handed comment by the student-teacher who was in charge of our class for a few weeks to heart. After I shared my play, she said something about putting it on sometime. And I am pretty sure the reason it ended up happening is because I probably asked her about it ad nauseam until she allocated time for us to do it. And whether for our pedagogical development or to get me off her back, the show did indeed go on. We did a little reader's theatre. There were copies of the script for the six or seven of us in the production. Casting was easy because most of the actors were playing themselves. The exceptions were Nick Dewey who was the alien monster and Ashley Vaughn who was the student teacher I pestered. (I honestly don't know why I remember their names; I can't remember the three students who went into space with me). We didn't really do any direction or preparation. We just read the scripts and acted part of it out--like having four seats arranged like how I thought they'd be in a space shuttle.
Is it plagiarism if you unintentionally lift the plot from an 80's film that no one remembers?
I think about that little incident and it just makes me feel like I have so much I can write about. Whether I want to say something about myself and the path of my life or about theatre itself and how most of it is just annoying people to let you put on your show, I'm not sure. Maybe all of those things are for another post. But here's what I am thinking now: theatre connected me to other people, students and my teacher, in a way Netflix rarely has. That's what theatre has always been for me--making things, making me, feel less alone. When connections occur, the strict moral polarities you though you knew, the poetic justice you thought would be in so many things--it fades away. Its disappearance is scary and daunting but it opens your eyes to a world of conventions you have yet to learn; things you don't understand, but will. And the connections that opened your eyes in the first place can inform your education. I find it beautiful and ironic that on the cusp of the resolution, a brilliant piece of theatre provided by Netflix let me find such a connection with my niece. We both see things new and have each other to share that with. This trip--into the woods--it is a far, far better marathon than I have ever known before.
1. Brooke and I watched Into the Woods one night maybe a year ago. I think I was in a bad mood for some reason and didn't really want to watch it, so I ended up playing on my phone the whole time. There aren't a lot of musicals I love, but maybe one day I'll try again and give it a fair shake.
1. I can understand anyone's reticence from embracing musical theatre enthusiasm. There's a lot I like about it as a genre, but there's oh so much to grimace at and facepalm over. For what it's worth, _Into the Woods_ tends to be one of those musicals for people who don't necessarily like musicals--I had a professor at BYU whom that was the case for. And the professor whom I TA for right now, who did her dissertation on her American musicals, says it's actually her favorite. It has the charm that other musicals have, while also having substance and a brain behind it. It's also just great storytelling.
2. I have to say, I've never thought of Into the Woods as "light and fun for the whole family." :) But I can definitely see you deciding to show it to a 6-year-old.
1. yeah my judgement of the "lightness" of dark comedy is fairly skewed. I really, really like dark comedies and have both a macabre and a sardonic sense of humor about me; so to me Sondheim is so tame. But yeah I learned to own the fact that my sensibilities were not like most people a long time ago. Around the time I realized that it was not so normal for kids/adolescents to know and love _Silence of the Lambs_ as much as I did.
Comments welcome! Unless you comment as "Anonymous." Then you'll probably be spam filtered. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.980320394039154}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '111108', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:C4ZVRSZMKJUWN4PYFVIMRRRKBXQBF7LB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5ae38047-c4f8-4bd2-bb18-a6b82833eb22>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 30, 5, 18, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.125.192.121', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AHTULWCUE4FDEW2SXURHVSN4D74M2ZRT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a2ad0eb4-242b-45e0-a8c4-fac2dcc420ba>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.experttextperts.com/2013/01/on-fairy-tales-and-netflix.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e6b68e56-ce6c-45b5-9ec9-aa17dff69152>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2021', 'url': 'http://www.experttextperts.com/2013/01/on-fairy-tales-and-netflix.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-30\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.16955643892288208', 'original_id': 'ce4c9ebf4ed8672ad02f53d4a3d7328f67682c01ad20070be5cdadce0e12d524'} |
Black Mesa gets greenlight from Steam
The Steam community have voted and Black Mesa is one of ten titles picked up for worldwide distribution by Valve – and (of course) there is a Media Design School alumni in the team.
The Steam community have voted and Black Mesa is one of ten titles picked up for worldwide distribution by Valve – and (of course) there is a Media Design School alumni in the team.
Graduate Leon Woud, who has also worked as a lecturer at Media Design School, created art assets for the game.
Black Mesa was one of ten titles chosen through the new Steam Greenlight platform, which enlists the community’s help in selecting games for release on Steam. Greenlight allows developers and publishers to post information and media about their game in an effort to convince community members that their game should be released on Steam.
Black Mesa is a “re-envisioning” of Valve’s Half-Life and revisits the journey through the Black Mesa Research Facility.
“It is nice to see my original art still made the cut considering I made it seven years ago and most of it got leaked. For those who plan to play it I made assets for Inbound, Anomolous Materials and Unforseen Circumstance.”
Leon is also responsible for “a whole bunch of things” from train timetables to wall textures. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e6aae3dc2252d82a09ec656a6eb01ac03262cd6f90ce97c13cde585fa25cd316'} |
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>
How to Build A Repast Model - 1
</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
</h1>
<center>
<h1>
How to Build a Repast Model - 1
</h1>
</center>
<h2>
Contents
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#overview">Overview</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#simplemodel">SimpleModel</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#parameters">Parameters</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#name">Naming your Model</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#methods">SimpleModel Methods and Instance Variables</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#displays">Adding Displays etc.</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
This document describes how to build a Repast model using the
SimpleModel class. It is intended as an introduction to writing
agent-based models with Repast. If you have some experience writing
agent-based models, you may want to see <a href="./model.html">How to
Build a Repast Model - 2</a> as well.
</p>
<p>
Note: the demonstration model "Life" in repast/demo/life is
an example of how to build a Repast model using the SimpleModel class.
</p>
<p>
<a name="overview"><b>Overview</b><br>
An agent-based simulation typically proceeds in two stages. The first
is a setup stage that prepares the simulation for running, and the
second is the actual running of the simulation. In Repast simulations
the running of the simulation is divided into time steps or
"ticks." Each tick some action occurs using the results of
previous actions as its basis. So, for example, if we were building a
prisoner's dilemma type simulation with two players, setup would
create the two players, and provide each with an initial strategy
(tit-for-tat, etc.). Each tick or time step, each player would play
the game (cooperate or defect) where their current play is dependent
on their strategy and perhaps on the results of previous play. What
you need to do then to build a simple Repast model is describe what
happens during setup, and what occurs every tick. The SimpleModel
class provides placeholders for you to do this.</a>
</p>
<p>
<a name="simplemodel"><b>SimpleModel</b><br>
Repast simulations typically have at least two classes. An agent
class that describes the behavior of your agents (e.g. play a game by
cooperating or defecting) and a model class that coordinates the setup
and running of the model. You use SimpleModel as the basis of your
model class, specializing it to suit your purposes. In Java such
specialization is typically done via inheritance such that SimpleModel
becomes the super-class of your model class. For example,
<code></code></a>
</p>
<pre>
import uchicago.src.sim.engine.SimpleModel;
public class MyModel extends SimpleModel {
...
}
</pre>
<p>
In the first line we import SimpleModel and in the next we extend
SimpleModel with our own model class.
</p>
<p>
In writing our simulation, as mentioned above, we want to describe how
to setup our model, and then describe what happens every time step.
SimpleModel provides methods that we override in our own model to do
the setup specific to our model. These two methods are setup() and
buildModel(). We use them as follows: <code></code>
</p>
<pre>
<code><font color="gray">import uchicago.src.sim.engine.SimpleModel;
public class MyModel extends SimpleModel {
</font>
public static
final int TIT_FOR_TAT = 0; public static
final int ALWAYS_DEFECT = 1; private int
p1Strategy = TIT_FOR_TAT; private
int p2Strategy = ALWAYS_DEFECT;
...
public void setup() {
super.setup();
p1Strategy = TIT_FOR_TAT;
p2Strategy = ALWAYS_DEFECT;
}
public void buildModel() {
Player p1 = new Player(p1Strategy);
Player p2 = new Player(p2Strategy);
p1.setOtherPlayer(p2);
p2.setOtherPlayer(p1);
agentList.add(p1);
agentList.add(p2);
}
}
</code>
</pre>
<p>
Here we use setup() and buildModel() to specialize SimpleModel for our
own purposes. In setup() we first call super.setup() to insure that
SimpleModel does any necessary setup of its own, and then we set the
player strategies. The assumption here is that the strategies may have
changed from their default values either through user interaction or
perhaps during the course of a previous simulation run. We use setup()
as the opportunity to set our model variables back to some reasonable
default. In general, setup() should "tear down" the model in
preparation for the next run. setup() is called when the simulation is
first started, and more frequently, whenever the setup button is
clicked.
</p>
<p>
Where setup() "tears downs" the simulation, we use
buildModel() to create the objects that our simulation uses. So, it is
here where your agents should be created, and added to the master list
of agents, agentList. agentList is an ArrayList provided by
SimpleModel for this purpose. The assumption here is that our Player
class is constructed with a reference to the initial strategy and a
reference to the other Player to play.
</p>
<p>
The order of execution is that setup() is called first and then
buildModel(). However, as mentioned above, setup() is called when the
simulation is first started, and whenever the setup button is pressed.
buildModel() is not called until the simulation is run, that is, it is
not called until either the run, step or initialize buttons are
pressed. (See below for more on what code is executed by what
buttons.) This provides an opportunity for the user to change any
parameters via the gui.
</p>
<p>
Now that setup is finished, we need to define what occurs each
timestep of the simulation. SimpleModel provides three methods for
this. They are preStep(), step() and postStep(). Each tick they are
executed in that order, first preStep(), then step(), and lastly
postStep(). The intention here is to separate the core behavior in
step() from any necessary pre- or post- processing. In our example, we
have no such need for any pre- or post- processing, so we only use the
step() method. <code></code>
</p>
<pre>
<code><font color="gray">import uchicago.src.sim.engine.SimpleModel;
public class
MyModel extends SimpleModel { public static
final int TIT_FOR_TAT = 0; public static
final int ALWAYS_DEFECT = 1; private int
p1Strategy = TIT_FOR_TAT; private
int p2Strategy = ALWAYS_DEFECT;
...
public void setup() {
super.setup();
p1Strategy = TIT_FOR_TAT;
p2Strategy = ALWAYS_DEFECT;
}
public void buildModel() {
Player p1 = new Player(p1Strategy);
Player p2 = new Player(p2Strategy);
p1.setOtherPlayer(p2);
p2.setOtherPlayer(p1);
agentList.add(p1);
agentList.add(p2);
}
</font>
public void step() {
int size = agentList.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Player p = (Player)agentList.get(i);
p.play();
}
}
}
</code>
</pre>
<p>
Here in the step() method we pull each Player out of our master
agentList and call the play() method on each one. The assumption here
is that a Player plays another Player when we call play(). It is
typical in the step() method to iterate through all your agents and
call whatever method executes their behavoir on each one. When the
model runs it is this step() method that will execute each time step.
</p>
<p>
A different game might require a pre- or postStep() method. For
example, assume something like a cooperation game with many players
where after each player has played its neighbors and received a
payoff, each player then polls its neighborhood for the best strategy,
and sets its own strategy accordingly. In this case, the actual play
would be defined as above in the step method, and the neighborhood
polling and strategy setting would occur in a postStep() method.
</p>
<p>
There is an alternative to using step() in your model. You can use the
auto step mechanism. If you choose do this, SimpleModel will iterate
through all your agents and call the step method defined in your
agents. In order for this to work, your agents must implement the
Stepable interface. This interface has a single method, step(). Note
that step() here is a method in your agent class <b>not</b> your model
class. This autostep takes the place of your model's step method
described above. To use the auto step mechanism, you set the autoStep
instance variable to true in the constructor of your model. You can
also set the shuffle instance variable to true or false depending on
whether you wish to shuffle the agentList before auto-stepping through
it. preStep() and postStep() work as above, being called before and
after the autoStep, respectively. Regardeless of whether we use
preStep(), postStep(), both, or auto step, this is all that is
required to create a simulation with SimpleModel: fill in setup(),
buildModel() and step() (or auto step), as described above.
</p>
<p>
Note that much more complicated scheduling of agent behavior, model
events, etc, including dynamic scheduling, is possible with Repast.
SimpleModel is intended to simplify scheduling and the discussion
above reflects this. However, you do have access to the scheduler from
within a SimpleModel model via the schedule instance variable. See <a
href="./scheduler.html">How to Use a Schedule</a> for more information
on scheduling.
</p>
<p>
The relationship between the various tool bar buttons and the actual
execution of code is as follows. When the setup button is clicked, the
code in the setup() method is executed. When the initialize button is
clicked, the code in buildModel() is executed. When the step button is
clicked, the code in buildModel() is executed and the preStep(),
step(), and postStep() sequence is executed once. When the start
button is clicked, buildModel() is executed, and the preStep(),
step(), and postStep() sequence is executed repeatedly until the user
clicks the stop or pause button.
</p>
<p>
<a name="parameters"><b>Parameters</b><br>
While setup(), buildModel() and step() are all we need to create a
simulation, such a simulation is not very interesting. It has "no
knobs to twiddle"; we can't alter the initial conditions of
the model very easily. We can provide such knobs by creating
parameters for our model.</a>
</p>
<p>
A model parameter is defined by accessor methods. These are methods
that begin with get and set. So, a parameter for player1's
strategy might look like <code></code>
</p>
<pre>
<code><font color="gray">import uchicago.src.sim.engine.SimpleModel;
public class
MyModel extends SimpleModel { public static
final int TIT_FOR_TAT = 0; public static
final int ALWAYS_DEFECT = 1; private int
p1Strategy = TIT_FOR_TAT; private
int p2Strategy = ALWAYS_DEFECT;
</font><b>
public void setP1Strategy(int val) {
p1Strategy = val;
}
public int getP1Strategy() {
return p1Strategy;
}
</b>
<font color="gray"> public void setup() {
super.setup();
p1Strategy = TIT_FOR_TAT;
p2Strategy = ALWAYS_DEFECT;
}
public void buildModel() {
Player p1 = new Player(p1Strategy);
Player p2 = new Player(p2Strategy);
p1.setOtherPlayer(p2);
p2.setOtherPlayer(p1);
agentList.add(p1);
agentList.add(p2);
}
public void step() {
int size = agentList.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Player p = (Player)agentList.get(i);
p.play();
}
}
}
</font>
</code>
</pre>
<p>
The parameter name is the accessor method names minus the get / set.
So, here the parameter name is P1Strategy. The last piece of creating
a parameter is to make Repast aware of it. You do this by including
the parameter name in the string array of parameters. This can be done
in the constructor of your model. For example, <code></code>
</p>
<pre>
<code>import uchicago.src.sim.engine.SimpleModel;
public class MyModel extends SimpleModel {
...
public MyModel() {
params = new String[] {"P1Strategy"};
}
...
}
</code>
</pre>
<p>
The params variable is provided by SimpleModel. It is an array
containing the names of your parameters.
</p>
<p>
Once you've created your parameter accessor methods and placed
your parameter name in the param array, you will see the parameter
displayed in the parameter pane when the simulation is run. The value
of this parameter is whatever is returned by its get accessor method.
The parameter is set by entering a new value in the parameters text
box. The change is registed either by pressing enter, or when the text
box loses focus. This newly entered value then becomes the argument to
the parameter's set accessor method. Its important to note here
that its the accessor methods that are important, the actual variable
where the parameter is stored (e.g. p1Strategy) is never seen by the
parameter mechanism.
</p>
<p>
There are also ways to display parameters as check boxes, combo boxes,
buttons, etc. See <a href="./prop.html">How to create
PropertyDescriptors</a> for more info.
</p>
<p>
<a name="name"><b>Naming your Model</b><br>
You can provide a name for your simulation via the name instance
variable. Assign the appropriate value to this variable in your
model's constructor. For example, <code></code></a>
</p>
<pre>
import uchicago.src.sim.engine.SimpleModel;
public class MyModel extends SimpleModel {
...
public MyModel() {
name = "Example Model";
}
...
}
</pre>
<p>
This name will then be the title of your model's toolbar window.
</p>
<p>
<a name="methods"><b>SimpleModel Methods and Instance
Variables</b><br>
Simple model has several other methods and instance variables
available for use in your own model class.</a>
</p>
<p>
Methods
</p>
<ol>
<li>
<tt>setStoppingTime(long time)</tt> can be used set the time step
at which the current simulation run will stop.
</li>
<li>
<tt>setRngSeed(long seed)</tt> can be used to set the seed for the
default random number generator. Note that the seed defaults to 1.
</li>
<li>
<tt>getNextIntFromTo(int from, int to)</tt> returns the next random
integer between from and to, inclusive of from and to.
</li>
<li>
<tt>getNextDoubleFromTo(double from, double to)</tt> returns the
next random double between from and to, exclusive of from and to.
</li>
<li>
<tt>atPause()</tt> the body of this method will be executed
whenever your simulation is paused. You'll need to override
this method.
</li>
<li>
<tt>atEnd()</tt> the body of this method will be executed whenever
your simulation ends. You'll need to override this method.
</li>
</ol>
<p>
Instance Variables
</p>
<ol>
<li>
<tt>Schedule schedule</tt> this can be used to add your own actions
to the schedule. See <a href="./scheduler.html">How to Use a
Schedule</a> for more information.
</li>
<li>
<tt>boolean isGui</tt> true if the simulation is running in GUI
mode, false if running in batch mode.
</li>
<li>
<tt>long startAt</tt> the time step at which to start executing the
preStep(), step(), postStep() actions. Defaults to 1.
</li>
</ol>
<a name="displays"><b>Adding Displays etc.</b><br>
Displays, data recorders and so forth can be incorporated into
SimpleModel based models just as they can any other models. See the <a
href="./how_to.html">How To Index</a> for more information.</a>
<p>
The only caveat here is that displays are typically although not
necessarily created in a buildDisplay method. To incoporate such a
method into your own code, you can add the method then call it in
buildModel(). For example, <code></code>
</p>
<pre>
<code> public class MyModel extends SimpleModel {
private DisplaySurface dsurf;
...
private void buildDisplay() {
...
}
public void buildModel() {
...
buildDisplay();
}
}
</code>
</pre>
<p>
You can then put your display building code in buildDisplay() and be
sure that it will be called when your model begins a run.
Alternatively, you can put all the code into buildModel(), but
separating out the display building code is somewhat cleaner.
</p>
<p>
For more information on building models and running in batch mode, see
<a href="./model.html">How to Build a Repast Model - 2</a>.
</p>
</body>
</html>
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A Negative Take on Positive Thinking
I’ve been reading a fantastic book about depression called Shoot the Damn Dog by Sally Brampton. It is a memoir / biography of someone depression and subsequent recovery, including some good psychological insights and coping strategies.
Shoot the Damn Dog
One of my favourite parts of the book so far, I am currently halfway through, is a superb analogy on positive thinking. Sally gives the analogy of a car, whose accelerator pedal has stuck on full power and whose brakes have failed, speeding towards a brick wall.
She gives three scenarios:
1. Apathy or Delusional Thinking
You do nothing, and the car crashes in to the wall. Not good.
2. Positive Thinking
You imagine a door opening up in the wall, and you visualise passing straight through the wall. The car crashes in to the wall… obviously.
3. Realistic Thinking (Acceptance)
You accept the problem is happening. You make a plan, and decide to steer the car around the wall. You don’t crash the car in to the wall.
Can it get any worse?
I believe that positive thinking is worse than this though. Positive thinking is a form of delusional thinking, but it also suppresses your so called negative emotions.
Imagine the emotions you are having when you are driving at high speed towards the wall? Maybe emotions like:
• fear
• dread
If you ignore these emotions, then they will get suppressed. This will mean that:
1. The useful information you are getting from your emotions (that something is wrong) is ignored, so the problem remains. The problem may even get worse with no action
2. You suppress your emotions, and you blow a fuse later at someone else because you haven’t intelligently focused these emotions
Imagine instead that you use these emotions as a form of communication from you mind. Instead we get:
1. You notice your fear, you feel a huge amount of energy surface. You feel hyper-focused, and you can’t think of anything else about the wall and your possible demise. Instead of ignoring the situation, you act! You utilise the energy and information from these emotions, and you live to tell the tale
2. Because you didn’t suppress the emotions, you realise you are really stressed after the event and you decide you need to talk with a friend or run it off and have an early night
3. You wake up with a little bit of relief a small amount of anxiety the next day, but you feel much better
All Emotions Are Positive
I believe that all emotions are (almost always) useful if listened to at the time. I give the analogy of stepping on a thorn. You feel physical pain, which alerts you to the thorn. You then remove the thorn and deal with it medically if required. If you couldn’t feel physical pain, like some diabetics, then you would stand on the thorn, not know it was there, and it would become very infected and you wouldn’t know. This could lead to blood poisoning or worse. I believe that emotions are the same. Fear or anxiety tells us something is wrong, and that there is something that possibly needs changing, or maybe we need to accept something that we are ignoring.
For example if you are scared of losing your job because redundancies are happening, then embrace the fear. Focus the energy you get from the fear to come up with a Plan B in case you lose your job. For example you might:
• Speak to your boss or manager about the redundancies and try and get a straight answer
• Write your CV and start going for interviews
• Brush up on your skills in order to improve your chances of keeping your current job or getting a new job
• Emotionally prepare yourself for the change
If you lose your job, it will still probably hurt in some way, but definitely not as much without any preparation or Plan B.
It is normal to want to hide from any type of pain, including painful emotions. I wonder instead what will happen if we start listening to all our emotions, and using them as sources of information about our environment or current state. Maybe these emotions will give us clues to what needs to change in our life?
So next time you feel in emotional pain, consider whether this is telling you something.
Copyright MEN HEAL 2014
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Water filter vs water purifier
Water Filter vs Water Purifier
70% of our body is made of water and the one thing we shouldn’t go without drinking is water yet most don’t think about where our water comes from and what toxins it contains. In our water supply there are harmful chemicals and dangerous bacterias and viruses. You decide to do something about it and clean up your water supply and you get bombarded with different products but what is the difference between then which is better water filter vs water purifier let’s find out
Water Filter
A water filter separates the pollutants from water by using a physical barrier or a filter. Based on the size of the contaminants, the pores of the filter can retain them by only allowing the water to pass through.
Many water filters use different techniques to become the best water filter like activated carbon as many pollutants are carbon-based and are stopped by the water filter to supply a clean water source. In the fight between water filter vs, water purifiers, this is a point for the former.
Plus, to an extent, filtration can help improve the texture of drinking water. With that in mind, water filters can efficiently remove even the tiniest of physical and biological particles, including bacteria and microbial cysts.
Chemical waste and some bacterial toxins, viruses and microplastics easily sneak off through them and end up in your water supply. Making you sick and giving you symptoms of an allergic reaction. When mild you get off easily by small allergic reactions from chemicals but after a while, they can earn you a visit to the doctor.
Water Purifiers
Water purifiers work to remove impurities from water. The main job of a water purifier is that it focuses mainly on killing biological beings that are bacterias and viruses through various methods but can leave out the non-biological material inside the water supply which ends up inside your body.
Water purifiers remove a lot of waste based on size, charge and material. Purification processes with distillation and UV light are effective. They remove a lot of bad stuff out of the water supply improving the texture of the water, the taste and the clarity of water giving you a clean and safe supply of water.
Who, then ultimately wins in the comparison of water filter vs water purifiers?
What To Choose?
Now you know the difference between water filter vs water purifier which is the best? A combination of the best water filter and the best water purifier is a sure-fire way to protect yourself and ensure a clean and safe water supply at a budget
Using water with an activated carbon filter and without using electricity but instead harnessing the power of the earth’s gravity we have developed the best water filter. It purifies water and makes sure that not only the bacteria and viruses are killed but the activated carbon filters in the best water filter make sure that microplastic and any other bacteria or chemical do not contaminate the drinking water and keep you and your family safe and healthy.
1. https://www.springwellwater.com/what-is-the-difference-between-water-filters-and-water-purifiers/
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Sunday, March 1, 2015 AdarI 10, 5775
Four Questions for Arlen Faber Faber
July 23, 2009 By:
Enlarge Image »
Where is your Faber now? On screen, with Jeff Daniels (right) as "The Answer Man," also starring Lou Taylor Pucci.
Jeff Daniels is a man of God.
Make that two Gods.
There is the one whose messages he delivers as "The Answer Man," in the romantic comedy opening July 24; then there is the one he answers to in the Tony Award-winning "God of Carnage" on Broadway.
In both, it's a comic bloodbath.
While "Carnage" is a ticket to die for on Broadway, it is "Answer Man" that may be the most metaphysical of the two media efforts by Daniel.
Because, in its own way, "Answer Man" is a modern-day midrash. But does that make Daniels a Moses for the new millennium?
He muses at the thought, hours away from being honored for his life's work by the Philadelphia Film Festival. After all, in this comedy, set and filmed in Philadelphia, Arlen Faber (Daniels) is celebrating the 20th anniversary of his best-selling Me and God, a modern-day Sinai stand-in, with Faber returning the favor, serving as conduit for God's little acres of preaching.
"Before you I hold two tablets!" -- no, but maybe about 100 pages of thunder and fired-up prose as preamble to life on earth.
While Moses might have been a reluctant messenger, Faber is a downright hostile one, slamming doors in faces of fans, as grumpy as if he had just been thwacked from behind with a golden calf.
But in one way, this milquetoast Moses is involved in his own pyramid scheme.
Metaphysical mischief? Theological skulduggery? Where is your Faber now!
Right in front of me, as Daniels demurs to questions; he is no answer man but one who has his own questions.
"I have no idea how the stars align," he says of making sense of the universe.
He's made sense -- and quite a big buck or two -- from Hollywood, appearing in a string of hit films ("Terms of Endearment," his breakthrough; all the way to "Dumb and Dumber" to "The Squid and the Whale"), but the star and playwright -- who operates his own theater in hometown Michigan, the Purple Rose, named after his role in Woody Allen's "The Purple Rose of Cairo" -- finds the part of mini-Moses a godless act.
Four questions? That's some big matzah ball hanging out there.
A Big Burden
"Being an 'answer man,' having people turn to you for questions of why and when and how ... that would be such a burden," he says.
What was not so hard to accept was the script, by first-time director John Hindman, who used his hindsight as a comic to question what makes the world go 'round and religious.
Hold that sermon, he cautions; Bar/Bat Mitzvah kids seeking answers, put away the pens.
Remember, advises Hindman, his debut film is "a romantic comedy; our goal is to be entertaining. It doesn't matter the belief" a movie-goer has in God.
Ya gotta believe? No, not necessarily. However, the flick does answer Hindman's own need for satisfaction: "No matter where we go, it seems this movie raises questions for audiences, in quest for answers."
God and gurus? No, Hindman actually wrote "The Answer Man" as a film "about fathers and sons" -- and not in the heavenly realm either.
Meanwhile, the book of Daniels is filled with hits. But did the actor think he was also taking on the role of rebbe, teacher to the truth-seekers?
Well, he can empathize with "The Answer Man," because "one of the best things you can do in life is to ask a question," he says in talmudical mode.
From "God of Carnage" to God as con artist: Is Arlen Faber for real or just another theological quack without a clue? God is in the details -- and the script delivers.
Does Daniels know all the answers? He smirks a no. But does he hear the questions?
"You know," says Daniels in a whisper, "I keep listening. But all I hear is the wind."
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<footer class="container-fluid">
Copyright 2017
</footer>
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The Kissing Hand
The Kissing Hand is how Gus started Kindergarten and I remember Simon doing the same. I sat in each of their classrooms, while their teacher read that book, on the first day of school and cried. I like to think of my lunches as my 'kissing hand'.
If only I could send a lunch this pretty every single morning. There just isn't anything like that morning sunshine coming in our windows. I start to miss it right around this time of year. Lunches look so much prettier when we have longer days to fill them with freshly grown goodies.
We eat a lot of Tofutti around here. I should rephrase, "we" don't, my kids do. They both have slight dairy allergies so we cut the dairy where we can. They don't even notice the difference between cream cheese and Tofutti, lucky!
Today we have some freshly diced apples, a blueberry bagel with Tofutti, fresh organic strawberries, green grapes, a sliced cucumber from our farmer's market, a pluot, a strawberry star cookie surrounded by some jolly beans, and a kissing hand for good measure are the eats for today.
And just in case you don't care for the strawberry cookies, like Mr. Gus, you can substitute a lemon-covered almond. Mmmmm.
The Kissing Hand The Kissing Hand
List Price: $12.99
Sale Price: $6.95
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Date: Wed, 26 Apr 2000 07:10:17 +1000 From: Subject: Victims of conflict 4 Victims of Conflict (M/M) (M/t) (M/b) Revised by Ed. Victims of conflict 4 The only British soldiers left after their comrades departed with a refugee, were the orderlies whose duty would be finishing soon and they too would be able to take to bed their own choice of young partners who were already being subjected to kissing and indecent fondling. Sergeant Black was also there with his new teenage friend wearing pale green nylon frilly knickers and they were in a group consisting of the medical officer, major Charles Bellamy and the adjutant, captain Alexander Rowland, both with nude men they had found at the right hand end of the line and their huge penises were kept turgid by frequent fondling while they held their knickers in their hands. They were listening to the major general answering a question from major Bellamy. "No Charley, I don't think these four hundred refugees left here should be given their uniforms now before they're taken to the barracks. It'd be best to keep them just in their knickers. Everyone's having the day off tomorrow, so I think it would be good for all the refugees to be given their uniforms at the same time." "Yes but it would mean lining them up again." Captain Rowland replied. "Exactly Alex. They'll be lining up again so that the men can pick out another refugee in addition to the one they already have. That's if they want to try an extra one in bed with them." "Gosh Wally. You're full of delightful ideas. What about us, the officers?" Major Bellamy enquired. "Oh I think you should have as many as you like, as long as you can accommodate them in your quarters." "Oh how absolutely spiffing!" The major replied enthusiastically. "There were a lot of other big cocks me and Alex had a look at and now we can try acommodating them in our quarters too." The major general smiled. Yes and your arses will be stretched so wide soon, you'll be able to get all of them up you together. Anyway let's get these remaining refugees to bed in their barracks then sergeant Black and the orderlies can knock off work and fuck the ones they have with them." "Another good idea Wally; I'll arrange it straight away." Captain Rowland turned to the sergeant. "Did you hear that?" "I certainly did sir." The sergeant's hand was under his teenager's knickers to fondle his bare buttocks as they began to lead the remaining refugees to the barracks as virgins for the last moments of their life The major general watched them go."Well chaps I think it's time for us to have a bit of fun ourselves and it's wonderful to know how easily it was to to turn every single one of our men into queers too." They were grinning when they went their separate ways. There was only one thing on the major general's mind now, and that was his four year old pet as he hurried back to his luxury quarters. The late afternoon sunlight was turning to dusk but it was still light enough for his heart to begin pounding when he peeped into his bedroom and saw a small head and a larger one sticking out from the blankets on his bed. He swiftly stripped off his uniform and lifted the covers to slide stealthily into the bed next to his child lover who was dead to the world in sleep. He thrilled at the touch of his soft tender skin and tiny limbs as his hands roved freely about his little body until his forefinger came to rest on the boy's anus. He removed his finger and put it into his mouth to slime it in spit then replaced it at his anus to gently push it in. This time there was little resitance because the four year old was completely relaxed in sleep but when his finger became inserted up to his first knuckle, the child stirred. Then the major general left his finger where it was to relish the tightness of the boy's rectum and began to think how firmly it would grip his cock when the child was properly broken in to be fucked. His mind began to drift to how much he was going to enjoy doing the same with the rest of his harem and he wondered how Williams had managed with the two brothers he had chosen to fuck. With these thoughts in mind, he drifted off to sleep. Williams had a problem when he he first tried to push his erection into the older brother he had taken to his bedroom. Everything had gone well with the fourteen year old youth at first. He had responded to being kissed and stroked and Williams was surprised to see how the his erection was bigger than his own. He started to masturbate him and it was not long before the youth's groans of pleasure indicated he was nearing orgasm so he decided to put his mouth over his erection and experience his first taste of male semen. It was a strangely pleasant bland taste although not much of it spurted into his mouth. Although he knew youth was spent, he rolled him on his side and the trouble began after he lubricated the youth's rectum and his own stiff penis with vaseline and tried to push it in him. The youth jerked in pain and rolled away from him but Wiliams was not to be denied his first chance of fucking somebody else for the first time in his life. He got off the bed to go to a wardrobe and took out his civilian suit. The belt was pulled out of his trousers then he doubled it and returned to the bed where the teenager was lying away from him in a foetal position. He thrust his hand between his thighs to grab his testicles at the base and pulled them backwards then holding them in a strong grip between his thumb and first finger, he slid his fingers outwards until his testicles became shiny with the strain of his balls being forced against the skin. The youth began to gasp in pain then started to scream as blow after blow from the belt landed on his already painful balls. Williams kept on thrashing them until the youth made the supreme effort to jerk out of his grip then spun around to leap off the bed and fall to his knees with his hands raised to Willams in supplication. Williams went behind him to push him forward then the teenager no longer tried to move away and just submitted to the agony of an erection being thrust into his body for the first time in his life. All the time the youth was screaming, his terrified twelve year old brother was crouched in a corner crying loudly in sympathy but after the youth's rape was over he went to him and they huddled together in fright until Williams fell asleep. When the major general awoke, he discovered his finger was still inserted in the child's anus and he realised how soundly they both must have slept. They must have been equally exhausted by their journeys from Dresden but then to his annoyance he also realised how he badly needed a piss. He withdrew his finger from the child very slowly and went to the toilet. On his way back, he heard a boy's soprano voice. "Oooo. Eeee." He was certain the sound came from his batman's room so he opened the door to look in. Williams had the younger of the two brothers he chose yesterday crouched before him while he had three fingers fully inserted in the boy's rectum and was twisting them about. The elder brother was lying on the same bed watching with an anguished expression. "Good morning Williams. Having fun?" "Oh yes sir. This little one's gorgeous. He's just been licking my cock and balls." "Well it doesn't look as though you've fucked him yet if you're still having to finger him." "No not yet. But he's nearly ready for it." "What about his brother?" "Oh yes. I've fucked him three times already." "Was he any trouble?" " First up he was sir but he was alright to fuck after I used the belt on him." "I can't see any marks." Williams grinned. "Have a look at his balls then sir." The major general entered the room and the older brother must have realised what his purpose was and with a pityful look at him lifted his soft penis to display his bruised testicles. The major general touched them and the youth jerked back. "Yes. It is an effective way to get them under control and I've heard the soles of their feet are equally sensitive. How close are you to fucking this twelve year old." "I reckon he's ready now sir. Would you like to try him out first sir?" "Wouldn't be a bad idea. Why not come to my bedroom and bring his big brother with us too." "He wouldn't be any good just now sir, his arsehole's just as sore as his balls. What about your little kid's big brother sir. Have you fucked him yet?" "No I haven't. There's been so little time to spare for either of them. Would you like to try him out for size?" "Love to. He looks to be about seventeen but I bet his hard on's not as big as this bloke's. It's bigger than mine on the fat. Oh and I sucked him off too." "Looks like you've become real buddies. You've never done that for me." "Well sir you've always been in such a hurry to fuck me, I've never had a chance to try." "Neither will you in the immediate future, now I have more attractive things to play with." "Thanks sir." They entered the major general's bedroom to find the four year old child and his big brother awake and sitting nude on the edge of the bed, seemingly at a loss what to do next. The older brother's brow furrowed when he saw the nude high ranking officer had an erection as he stroked the hair of the twelve year old boy with him and he recognised the younger man with a half empty jar of Vaseline in his hand as the underling from the day before and the one who had taken him and his brother into this bedroom. "Well Williams, I'll just give my baby boy a cuddle and kiss for a bit before I start on this other lad while you can get the ball rolling with his big brother." Williams needed no second bidding and sat next to the seventeen year old and looked directly into his pale blue eyes. He was the same heght as himself but his insufficient diet over years of war had left him much slimmer and lighter. He knew the more strongly built soldier who was now drawing his head close for a kiss would be too powerful for him to resist so he meekly allowed the kiss to take place. After a while, be began to like what was being done to him because it aroused sensual feelings he had not felt for a long time and he could feel his penis strangely becoming bigger because this was not a girl doing this, it was another man. He got a surprise when his saw his little brother with a full blown erection while the high ranking officer played with it while he was kissing him too. These Americans have some very strange customs he thought. Now the nude soldeir with him was pulling him down to the bed and putting both their erections together so they could begin thrusting them at each other. He began to do it willingly to increase the thrill taking over his body and brain. The man's hand went around his back to stroke it then it stroked right down and in between the cheeks of his bum until it was poking at his bum hole. He was disappointed when the man suddenly sat up and left him to poke his finger into the jar of Vaseline instead and he held his arms out for him to return. When he did, his hand went straight back to his bum hole and he felt a finger poking right up inside him. It was a weird and new sensation being impaled this way and he hoped he could find out more things these Americans could do. He soon found out when the pain of something much bigger than a finger thrust right into him in one stroke and he yelled out in surprise but remained still with the big thing inside him. He heard the high ranking officer say something in their foreign language. "Good show Williams. So that's what the last yell of a virgin sounds like." Williams said nothing in reply and with his erection completely impaling the teenager, he began erotically stroking his stomach, breast and genitals and constantly kissing him until the youth's penis gradually tumesced again. It was a while before Williams decided the youth was ready to be fucked by the stiffnes of his penis and the age old involuntary slight movement of his hips as his libido increased. He let the youth begin to fuck himself and gradually joined in with the rhythm and as they increased their movements to a complete fucking action, he glanced to see what the major general was up to. What he saw was astonishing. The twelve year old boy as already straddled across the major general's hips while he lay prostrate with his feet towards Williams and so were the boys buttocks. He could clearly see the major general's erection was three quarters inside the boy but there was only a slight movement to indicate the boy was gradually fucking himself, but at his own pace. The sight had made Williams pause in his thrusts into the teenager who made a stronger push backwards to show he wanted more. This was indeed heaven Willaims thought and what a better fuck this one was compared to the ten year old's brother he fucked before. He just lay there like a sack of potatoes and the probable reason was that he'd been belted into submission whereas he started on this teenager in a gentler way. Then he began to think of nothing but the intense thrilling everywhere in his body as his orgasm neared and then he heard the sighing groans he knew only too often when the major general was releasing sperm into his own body. He gave six more crashing thrusts into the teenagers buttocks and emitted short grunting gasps as his semen was ejecting somewhere deep inside the seventeen year old's receptive body. As his erection shrunk, it slipped out of its own accord and the teenager quickly turned to put his arms tightly around Williams and began smothering him in kisses, clearly indicating he was still passioately aroused and not done yet. The major general chuckled. "Ha Williams. You haven't learned to satisfy them yet. Just look at my boy. I do believe he's had a colossal dry orgasm but I doubt it was as fantastic as mine." The boy looked spent. His arms were draped around the major general's neck and he was just hanging there limply with his head facing the carpet. Williams in his post orgasm depression had no great desire to respond to the teenager's passion so he thought quickly." "Sir? Have you ever tasted spuff before?" "Can't say I have. Why?" "Well your kid's big brother's about to blast off. Why not have a free sample of him sir?" "Good idea. I think I might just do that. It could be an interesting pre breakfast aperitif. " He unwrapped the twelve year old's arms from around his neck then lifted him off his knee to put him on the bed next to his four year old pet who was very interested in everything going on. When he went towards the couple, his big brother hugged Williams more tightly, thinking they were about to be separated but by doing so, left his erection exposed. It was a simple matter for the major general to begin milking him by first tounging his erection under the corona then letting it slide into his mouth and to suck the juice from it when it spurted. The teenager hugged Williams even more fiercely during his orgasm. His eyes and mouth were wide open when a repetetive low sound of "Ghaaa. Ghaaa. Ghaaa" came from his lips. The strange noise attracted the attention of his four year old brother who clambered quickly along the bed and joined the threesome by innocently putting his fingers around his big brother's still stiff penis, fresh from the major general's mouth and wet with his saliva. He looked up with a puzzled expression at their smiling faces and the major general stooped to tongue kiss him again and give him a first taste of his big brother's semen. This time there was no frown on his big brother's face at another molestation of his young sibling. Williams broke up the tryst by asking the major general how breakfast for the harem should be arranged. to be continued Comments will be welcomed at - | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '7', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9942629337310792}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '16213', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JVHBX3Z63NXLWM267VEDRMS2Y736OZ7I', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9a29306e-6394-4863-8cd9-4ed367260cd5>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 11, 47, 5), 'WARC-IP-Address': '108.161.189.196', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QIH3QZA4C2C2T2YOWJXDVLZDLD6A72AS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5516784a-76bd-4fce-b0eb-e2e661c43c36>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.nifty.org/nifty/gay/historical/victims-of-conflict/victims-of-conflict-4', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:cb49effa-a5f8-4981-86d6-d2a51841e1c4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2877', 'url': 'http://www.nifty.org/nifty/gay/historical/victims-of-conflict/victims-of-conflict-4', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.15652841329574585', 'original_id': 'cbd9d08d9c2281de5f1a84e7c80fa0f5b1fd7fe88ad148d22dc2ab1c4571b9ab'} |
Two Trick Pony Consignment
346 & 911 S. Main Street
Boerne, TX 78006
Established in 2014 as a high-end home décor and furnishings resale company. They provide upscale consignment services for people who want to sell their high-quality furniture.
Their strict quality control policy ensures that only the best quality pre-owned furniture finds its way into their shop. Therefore, you can purchase furnishings and home décor without worry. They look for designer furnishings and vintage pieces that are in great condition. If you have like-new furniture that you are not using or want to sell for any reason, they can help. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9495822191238404}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '75896', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:O65DNPQJXMZ6NWKHWJQGR6F3BQN64A6Q', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:89db39c0-a656-466e-96df-8aa6538ea726>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 6, 7, 15, 20), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.18.10.187', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VTXVLB2DM56CDEVULF5ZE7GCXSKD33KA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1478044f-8019-4dab-80a4-10c8bf303d0f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.ci.boerne.tx.us/1501/15251/Two-Trick-Pony-Consignment', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5286f22d-1c9d-4cb1-bd53-d76ee1b3eb32>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '103', 'url': 'https://www.ci.boerne.tx.us/1501/15251/Two-Trick-Pony-Consignment', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-57.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.024883508682250977', 'original_id': '41d37970f932dfb7314f1964db54fe4f6985d153addb8c94b430bf159181d5c4'} |
Track and field getting Hall of Fame
Updated: March 8, 2012, 10:14 AM ET
Associated Press
ISTANBUL -- Jesse Owens was named an inaugural member of the IAAF Hall of Fame on Thursday, more than 75 years after he won four gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympics and showed up Adolf Hitler's idea of Aryan supremacy.
Owens joined Carl Lewis, Jackie Joyner-Kersee and nine others as the first athletes to be honored by the IAAF in the newly created Hall of Fame. The announcement is to mark the 100-year anniversary of the organization on July 17.
Joining Owens are Abebe Bikila, Paavo Nurmi, Emil Zatopek, Al Oerter, Adhemar da Silva, Edwin Moses, Fanny Blankers-Koen, Betty Cuthbert and Wang Junxia.
Another 12 athletes will make up the inaugural class, with those names announced throughout the year. The official induction ceremony will take place at the IAAF Centenary Gala on Nov. 24 in Barcelona.
"The creation of the IAAF Hall of Fame ... is an excellent way not only to honor the lifetime achievements of our greatest athletes, but also to heighten public awareness of our sport and its rich history," IAAF president Lamine Diack said in a statement, one day before the start of the world indoor championships.
Owens excelled at his only Olympics by winning the 100 meters, the 200, the 4x100 relay and the long jump. His success as a black athlete became a symbol of racial equality in sports during the days when Hitler promoted white Aryan supremacy.
Owens, who died in 1980, is also remembered for his amazing day on the track while still a student at Ohio State.
In one incredible afternoon, Owens set six world records, including in the 100-yard dash and the long jump. In the 220 yards and the 220-yard hurdles, he set records in both those events and in their metric equivalents.
Lewis certainly has the numbers. The American sprinter won nine Olympic gold medals in his career, and equaled Owens' feat at the 1984 Los Angeles Games by winning the 100, 200, 4x100 relay and long jump. He also won the long jump gold at the 1988, 1992 and 1996 Games.
Americans dominated the opening list of 12 athletes with five representatives. Joyner-Kersee, a heptathlon and long jump gold medalist, and Moses, the 400 hurdles great, excelled at their respective sports for years.
Oerter, a four-time Olympic discus gold medalist, was the first man to win the same event in four straight Games.
Zatopek, who won the 10,000 meters at the 1948 London Games, pulled off one of the greatest individual achievements in track history at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics. The Czech distance runner defended his 10,000 title and added the 5,000 and the marathon gold medals to his haul.
Bikila became known for winning the 1960 Olympic marathon in Rome while running barefoot. Four years later in Tokyo, with shoes on, he became the first to defend the gold medal at running's longest Olympic distance.
Nurmi and Wang were also distance runners. The Finnish great won golds at three straight Olympics in the 1920s, while Wang was the best of the Chinese runners that excelled in the 1990s.
Da Silva, a Brazilian triple jumper, won back-to-back gold medals at the 1952 and 1956 Games, and Cuthbert was an Australian sprinter that won the 100 and 200 at the 1956 Melbourne Games.
Blankers-Koen was a star at the 1948 London Olympics. "The Flying Housewife" from the Netherlands won 100, 200, 4x100 and the 80-meter hurdles, 12 years after her first Olympics in 1936 when she was 18.
One notable exception from the inaugural list was pole vaulter Sergei Bubka. The Soviet-Ukrainian great won six world titles, one Olympic gold medal and set dozens of world records.
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Branch Information Seminars
Every school and school district office in the province has an NLTA school representative who is elected or appointed at the school level to assist branches with the operation of branch functions. The NLTA maintains contact with school representatives through on-line communications, direct mail to schools, the NLTA website, and as needed through a series of rotating seminars. These seminars assist school representatives in their roles and help ensure that each school is represented and well informed on NLTA matters. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9688683152198792}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '154983', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5LL7WZBLVAVZJTH2KYECKCYZT52UXCHN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bcebe0ef-4b14-4d8d-a8c4-d75504576111>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 23, 3, 45, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.124.249.13', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WANKZLSTBTL53KM3JAYJIE5UV3OWG7JW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2717d9e8-711c-4783-831c-beb706600f43>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.nlta.nl.ca/branch-information-seminars/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a3708922-e77b-48af-a0de-3091259f6861>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '84', 'url': 'http://www.nlta.nl.ca/branch-information-seminars/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-217.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.018886804580688477', 'original_id': 'd945b7f880c4f5f9d8bffd62f92b44e92b9980d5ed4677e731b630c9fcdfe43e'} |
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The Microsoft Surface Computer
Our Guest Blogger, Charlie Mann, writes the ByzzBytes and SuperFitness, newspaper columns distributed within the US by American News Features Syndicate. He has published 6 novels and written fitness books with such celebrities as Ken Norton, the former World Heavy Weight Champion. He wanted to share his review of of the latest products with the readers of InventorSpot.com.
Here's his article:
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Using Microsoft's television content partner NBC as a splashy backdrop, the software and hardware giant released on the morning show, Today, the details of a completely new generation of computer. Much smaller than most business mainframe computers, yet no real kin to the laptop and mouse world of micro computers, the new Microsoft Surface Computer lets you use your hands on a touch sensitive screen to manipulate pictures and data. The Microsoft Surface computer, in its current incarnation, will serve the business world well. It should will be available this winter. The prototype is available for use by the public at the New York Hotel and Tower beginning June 9, 2007.
In 2001, Stevie Bathiche of Microsoft Hardware and Andy Wilson of Microsoft Research were assigned to do basic research and idea development for technology that would keep Microsoft Corporation in the top tier of software and hardware makers. With their complimentary expertise they had regular brainstorm sessions. Eventually, they started talking about an idea for an interactive table that could understand the manipulation of physical pieces on its surface.
Microsoft announced a totally new class of computers recently at The Wall Street Journal's ‘All Thing's Digital' conference in Carlsbad, CA. According to Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer, the "Microsoft Surface - as the product has been dubbed - is an innovation that will change the way people shop, dine, entertain and live".
Corporate Vice President, Tom Gibbons, who runs Microsoft's Productivity and Extended Consumer Experiences Group, presents his latest product. The new Microsoft Surface is said to have a completely intuitive and liberating way to interact with digital content. It blurs the lines between the physical and virtual worlds. You use your hands on the computer's surface, or lay everyday objects on the surface and the computer below will help you make a decision, or complete a task.
When used in such places as a paint or hardware store you can use it to make such decisions as the color to match a room in a picture, or the brush, roller, or other tools that need to be purchased. Although the product will not be available to the general computer market for half a year or more, it is expected to initially be used in bars, restaurants, and casinos very soon. There you will be able to view a menu, select a drink, or gamble from the surface of the new class of devices. The first companies to roll out Surface will be Harrah's Entertainment, Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, T-Mobile USA plus a distributor, International Game Technology (which makes the IGT line of gaming devices).
Although under development by others as well, Microsoft is the first major technology company to bring surface computing to market in a commercially ready product. Although there are some companies working on similar technology projects, nobody is doing exactly what they are with Surface.
According to Gibbons, it's a powerful technology that morphs and computes with inputs from the surface with the user's hands or such wireless devices as wireless digital cameras that give the computer its cool effect. You can lay a camera on the surface, and out will pop the digital images stored in the wireless device. You can then morph the images, or sort them into files on the hard disk storage of the computer.
According to Microsoft, the new surface computer is just as big a generational step as the movement was from DOS to the Windows environment for most computers users. The new Surface Computer is supposed to be much less intimidating to the average user, and its widespread use will greatly increase the portion of the population that will use computers. Features available in mobile phones, PCs, and other electronic devices like digital cameras aren't even used because the technology is intimidating. Surface computing is predicted to break down traditional barriers to technology.
The Surface Computer represents an extension of Chairman Gates' vision for Microsoft to develop end-to-end hardware, software, and services. Surface computing, promises Gibbons, "is going to revolutionize everyday lives, much like the way ATMs changed how we get money from the bank. Surface lets us manipulate a tremendous amount of information with our hands so that the content works with you rather than for you".
Initially, the computer is not for the consumer market. The targets now are half a million high-end restaurants, hotels, and retailers in the U.S. While that will be an impressively profitable market segment, if Microsoft can win its share, it will be the next generation of Surface Computing technology that will bring most of us computing satisfaction.
That's quite impressive. We've looked at the market extensively, and when you consider that the revenue-generating opportunities include services, hardware and software, we believe there will be a multi-billion-dollar addressable market for surface computing.
According to Gibbons "right now we're focusing on launching this surface computer into public spaces. Future versions of Surface will incorporate a myriad of device-sync capabilities. For instance, users could set a digital camera or mobile phone on the surface and watch as their pictures spill out across the table".
There is a vast world of digital content available in the world for such a device as the Surface Computer. The digital music, photo images, and digital data content will only grow into the future. As the price of the Surface Computer technology represents comes down, we will see the real benefit from the technology.
Surface is a 30-inch display in a table-like form that's easy for individuals or small groups to interact in a way that feels familiar, just like in the real world. Surface can simultaneously recognize dozens of movements such as touch, gestures, and actual unique objects that have identification tags similar to bar codes.
• ADVANCE \d 6Direct interaction. Users can actually "grab" digital information with their hands and interact with content through touch and gesture, without the use of a mouse or keyboard.
• Multi-touch contact. Surface computing recognizes many points of contact simultaneously, not just from one finger as with a typical touch screen, but up to dozens of items at once.
• Multi-user experience. The horizontal form makes it easy for several people to gather around surface computers, providing a collaborative, face-to-face computing experience.
Charlie Mann
Guest Blogger | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '215', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.931011974811554}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '59271', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WMVFMQGKQUIIZ3LUHBADR2673BCSGZAM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2a2d36d7-e528-4451-a977-2288ded3b42d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 25, 3, 55, 36), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.193.165.237', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HQZXW6543QP7YAEURT4BBQEUCB2FSLCB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:680d4216-07a9-46d3-a937-8e6b011cd34d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://inventorspot.com/microsoft_surface_computer_product_review', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:58431410-ead1-4c1d-82f7-8a919bcdfdbd>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '1186', 'url': 'http://inventorspot.com/microsoft_surface_computer_product_review', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-06\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for January 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.037139892578125', 'original_id': '49f1262806445bb3ce5332205a392a8ed93d3fd8afbecc4314b6738e87573229'} |
(Zach Trenholm/Salon)
Do characters express theme?
Should I let my characters do whatever they want, or force them to embody important ideas?
Cary Tennis
February 20, 2013 6:00AM (UTC)
Dear Reader,
Jefferson Starship guitarist Slick Aguilar needs a new liver and so David Crosby, Marty Balin and others will be playing a benefit concert for him Sunday, Feb. 24, at the Great American Music Hall in San Francisco. Among those friends playing at the benefit will be my pal from Miami Kevin Hurley. So if you can make it, or if it is sold out, feel free to just donate something.
The following Sunday, March 3, there will be another benefit at the GAMH I care deeply about, for engineer and producer Tom Mallon. If you ever recorded with Tom or know someone who did, then you will understand the outpouring of love and creativity that news of his illness has sparked.
And now to our scheduled program, in which we are continuing to talk about writing and creativity, and really starting to dig deep:
Hey there, Cary,
I'm a writer/filmmaker who graduated in December of 2011 with a B.A. in film studies, and have since spent my time conceptualizing stories for scripts while traveling around the United States and even all the way to Japan. I found that while traveling, my inclination to write became about incorporating themes that would inspire people to see the world in a different way, engage with people in and outside of their communities, or simply to consider some new idea. Unfortunately, trying to actually write with these goals in mind resulted in a total writer's block. It took me a while to realize I simply couldn't work that way.
Then, I resorted back to focusing on character, as I was taught in my filmmaking and creative writing classes. It was a pleasant surprise to find my mind rampant with ideas. However, with all these ideas to run on and characters to write about, I wonder what themes will result, and how powerful they will become if I just let the characters control the story.
So here's my many-questions-in-one question: In writing, is there a productive, balanced middle-ground between theme and character? Does it pay to be especially meticulous and controlling when writing a story? Or, as an artist, am I thinking too much or taking myself too seriously? Should I trust my creative soul to communicate itself effectively?
Humbly yours,
Humbly Yours
Dear Humbly Yours,
You are so humble! (I also am humble. I return the compliment.)
Here is what I suggest. Write a character who sees the world in a different way. Write a character who wants others to see the world in a different way. Write a character who engages with people in and out of their communities.
See where I'm going with this? Notice I say "write a character" not "write about a character"? As in, make one, out of clay, like the god you are. Make one in your own image. For, at this early stage of your development, you are probably the only person you really know well. And these themes, they are yours. So do not give them to a character who is not you. They might not fit.
Your best shot is to make a character in your own image, with your own ideals and passions, and let this character set out to do the things you mention -- see the world in a different way, engage with people toward some purpose.
My thought is this: The aesthetic coherence and balance you seek will flow out of this character's action. If the character really really wants to change the world then let him honestly try; and let's find out what happens. If the character genuinely wants to engage with people and try to have them see the world in a different way, then let him try and let's see what happens.
You express some concern about just letting the characters control the story. Yes, if the characters are on their way to meet the president to change the way aid is distributed to Sri Lanka and on a whim stop for ice cream and then become distracted with video games and miss their appointment with the president, that might be not good. Or it might be good, depending on how true you want to be to these characters and on whether what happened flows out of who they are, or just out of your wish fulfillment, because you are writing when hungry and bored.
Yes, characters may get off track. If that happens because you as the writer lose the thread of the story then that may be a problem. But if the character gets off the track because of who he is and what his task is, because changing the world is hard and the consequences of trying are often unpleasant, and the character is somewhat hedonistic, with a sweet tooth and maybe a crush on the woman who dishes out the ice cream, and also is ambivalent because he fears that the president won't take his recommendations seriously, and maybe if at the last minute he realizes, holy crap, here I am eating ice cream making google eyes at the ice cream girl and I've got to meet the president in 10 minutes and then hijacks a passing Prius at cone-point (?) then maybe that would be congruent with your theme and also mildly amusing if also a bit too easy and perhaps a little silly as well.
But you get the general idea. My main suggestion would be to embody these themes in your characters; give to them this passion that you feel, and let them act it out.
What interests us is what characters do. When a character is forced to act on his principles, we get quickly to the how and what. "Change the world" is abstract. "Build a solar installation in the desert" is concrete. "Persuade others to see the world in a different way" is abstract. "Treat Rwandan genocide victims for PTSD" is concrete. The advantage of giving your themes and passions to a character is that that character will quickly have to start taking visible action.
But then that's just my advice and people will tell you all kinds of things. I suggest, in the matter of what advice to take and what advice to reject, that you ask yourself if what you are hearing sounds like permission to do what is already in your heart. If it is, then follow the advice. If not, then keep looking for what will delight you.
For as viewers and readers, we are looking for what delights you.We are not looking for what somebody in film class told you to do. We are not looking for what you did because you thought you were supposed to. We are not interested in how well you can carry out film-school assignments. We are interested in your own delight and passion and strangeness as reflected in your characters.
So, I am going to go out on a limb and say trust your creative soul.
And now, from one humble soul to another, you can say, "Thank you, Mr. Know-It-All!"
Cary Tennis
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• • • | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9660881757736206}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '53481', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:62BP6AW7BXSVLGILWIS5EYNIW5NNEBMK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:dcffb413-ce2a-4601-9e3b-1b1ad931ac23>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 18, 22, 29, 41), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.16.246.94', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OOWMFKOD2VRSM3O6IXU3GJIJUR6UEVID', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6d8d23e4-2bf5-419a-9d82-4da35ad6264e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.salon.com/2013/02/20/do_characters_express_theme/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:6e0ce5f9-5bef-4a25-a882-16e409a47171>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1256', 'url': 'https://www.salon.com/2013/02/20/do_characters_express_theme/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-43-187-176.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0803404450416565', 'original_id': '5c44bb933392faa68be3c40b73e422d3e32d334062f06a898a8fb542181a549c'} |
Cognitive Problems
Cognitive Problems can be assessed in care-recipients through the use of screening tools, brief cognitive evaluations, and full neuropsychological evaluations. These three categories offer different types of information that will be used in distinct ways.
1. Screening Tools
• Designed for rapid administration across a population for the purpose of increasing the rate of problem identification
• Can be completed quickly (5-30 minutes).
• Do not produce a diagnosis. Produce a single score indicating whether there is any suggestion of a problem that warrants further evaluation.
• Examples:
- Folstein Mini-Mental Status Exam
- St. Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS)
2. Brief Cognitive Evaluations
• Provide more detailed information than a screening tool, but still do not offer diagnostic information.
• Developed to assess a range of cognitive skills and thus offer information about the cognitive domains in which problems appear evident.
• Used when a full neuropsychological evaluation is not feasible (e.g., due to medical illness that precludes longer evaluations) or when documenting changes in specific cognitive domains is more important than arriving at a diagnosis.
• Examples:
- Cognistat
- Mattis Dementia Rating Scale
3. Neuropsychological Evaluation
• Appropriate level of evaluation for diagnosis and treatment planning.
• Takes the examiner several hours to conduct interviews with patient and caregivers, review medical reports, and administer face-to-face testing of all domains of cognition.
• Multiple sub-domains are evaluated within each major domain, then compared against appropriate norms, analyzed in the context of known medical conditions that can influence performance, and interpreted in light of a referral question (e.g., assistance with diagnosis, determination of capacity to make medical decisions).
• Treatment plans can build on information about cognitive strengths and weaknesses in particular cognitive domains to guide the caregiver and care-recipient in selecting or adapting environments, maximizing interpersonal communication strategies, and selecting assistive technologies to foster independence. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8477017879486084}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '30165', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:UF5WYYUCJYOBGWWU5ZMMVR3VJ35EVHKX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9e7b7c97-4696-4f9d-bc0c-3ca2d580535d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 28, 23, 5, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '204.14.132.173', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QZJKU6V5FNULWJQZU6JTEQWQZHBQR5WW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:17e25a76-3ca0-4ee2-bba3-6973f862e83e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.apa.org/pi/about/publications/caregivers/practice-settings/assessment/tools/cognitive-problems.aspx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c1e218fe-51da-4794-8a40-fa87884022ac>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '288', 'url': 'http://www.apa.org/pi/about/publications/caregivers/practice-settings/assessment/tools/cognitive-problems.aspx', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.032579123973846436', 'original_id': 'c7724c64b24a54df97b4e63d0adff8dc443aa974fbc2e0813d2e686a83d3e6c0'} |
Immune cells (white). Image courtesy of LRI EM Unit.
Our Science Surgery series answers your cancer science questions.
Millie asked us on Instagram: “Why doesn’t the immune system attack cancer cells?”
“Our immune system does attack cancer cells,” says Professor Tim Elliott, a Cancer Research UK-funded immunologist from the University of Southampton.
“It’s recognising and destroying little cancers as they develop all the time. If we didn’t have an immune system, then we would be developing cancer a lot more often.”
This is because the process of cell division isn’t perfect. The rate at which some cells grow and divide means errors can happen and cells become damaged.
In most cases, our immune system acts as quality control, making sure these cellular mistakes are nipped in the bud before they become too sinister. A group of immune cells, called killer T cells, are the ones mostly responsible for patrolling our bodies and destroying damaged cells or small tumours before they cause us harm.
So, if our immune system is so good, why do we still develop cancers that need treatment?
Immune cells eliminate tiny tumours
In the very early stages of cancer our immune cells do a good job of killing individual cancer cells as they arise. This is known as the ‘eliminating phase’, where immune cells are in control of the tumour and calmly carry out their work.
“However, if the rate of tumour growth begins to match the activity of our immune system then we enter a stage of equilibrium,” says Elliott.
Here, the immune cells are doing a good enough job at staying on top of cancer cells as they grow and divide, even though their workload is increasing.
“Some tumours can actually get fairly big but still be kept in check by our immune cells,” says Elliott. “This behaviour can sometimes last for several years.”
But as time goes on, cancer cells can develop genetic changes that help them escape the immune system. This is what has been called the ‘escape phase’.
“Unfortunately, once cancer cells really start to change and grow, they come up with ingenious ways of bypassing our immune cells and escaping their detection.”
It’s at this point that immune cells can’t keep up with the evolving tumour. Some cancer cells in the tumour become too clever and immune cells can’t adapt fast enough to keep them at bay.
Escaping the immune system
Immune cells recognise danger through a group of molecules found on the surface of all cells in the body. This helps them inspect potential problems closely and decide whether to attack.
But when a cancer reaches the ‘escape phase’ it can change. The molecules that would otherwise reveal the cancer to the immune system are lost, and killer T cells move past, unaware of the danger the cancer cell could cause.
“That’s a sure-fire way of escaping detection,” says Elliott, adding that it’s one of many escape methods cancer cells use.
“Cancer cells also develop ways to inactivate immune cells by producing molecules that make them stop working.” They also change their local environment, so it becomes a hostile place for immune cells to work.
“Once the tumours have changed their environment, any circulating killer T cells that arrive in this space are rendered inactive,” says Elliott.
Upskilling immune cells
Research has shown that changes to immune cells don’t need to be permanent. The theory is that if there’s a way to reverse these tricks, or stop immune cells falling for them, their cancer-fighting ability could be restored.
This has formed the basis of a growing range of cancer treatments called immunotherapies. And for some cancers, these drugs offer the chance of a cure that would’ve been impossible a decade ago.
They can work by releasing the brakes on immune cells so they can get cancer cells back in line. And a group of these drugs, called checkpoint inhibitors, are now being routinely used to treat a range of cancers, including some melanomas, lung and kidney cancers.
But these drugs don’t work for everyone. And scientists still need to understand more about how cancer cells get the better of immune cells. Pinpointing how cancer cells move from the ‘eliminating phase’ towards ‘escape’ could uncover new ways to stop this from happening.
So we should be reassured by the immune system’s ability to keep damaged, rogue cells at bay.
And when this ability dwindles, research is leading to immunotherapies that can reenergise our immune cells and get cancer back under control.
We’d like to thank Millie for asking this question. If you’d like to ask us something, post a comment below or email with your question and first name. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '7', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9437503218650818}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '104826', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YWOEST2VYM76E7YCAHPDU2XOCNUS5ESF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:50d33f00-022d-421f-a138-e637f2258898>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 30, 10, 23, 37), 'WARC-IP-Address': '35.189.94.49', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LUE2DOBBWII6AWEPIVHF47YOEQ6IVDXZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:eef173c6-cd2f-48e8-914e-6e23a522b61d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2019/02/28/science-surgery-why-doesnt-the-immune-system-attack-cancer-cells/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8d343948-b6cd-425f-a94b-a5a31f5825dc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '763', 'url': 'https://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2019/02/28/science-surgery-why-doesnt-the-immune-system-attack-cancer-cells/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-155.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.6788353323936462', 'original_id': '26f0a02a9f15f742a35a2fc70140b1b7d44ec44b4a4dd87891f84ef117964f10'} |
A Statewide Wind Pool…the game of Whack-a-mole!
Like a game of Whack-a-mole, every time the ugly head of a statewide wind pool rears, it gets “whacked” back in its hole.
Rejection comes in several forms, usually that the state of Florida (and thus Floridians) should not be on the hook for “all” wind exposure. None the less…
…as policymakers and others attempt to address persistent problems with Citizens and the even more persistent political challenges to fixing those problems, the concept of a statewide wind pool has proven buoyant enough to surface again and again!
I swear I had nothing to do with the recent move and offer what’s here for educational purposes only.
As a topic of discussion it’s been around for decades as far back as the original wind pool for Monroe County over 40 years ago. It was exhumed after hurricane Andrew in late 1992 and was even a topic of legislation during the 1990’s.
Some ask, “If wind exposure was Florida’s problem, why did we create a multi-peril homeowners insurer instead of just expanding the existing windstorm pool?”
Answer: after Andrew in August of 1992 there were 16,000 damaged or destroyed homes that couldn’t get repaired because their insurer was one of the eleven that went bankrupt. Ultimately over one million homeowners needed, but could not find, the multi-peril homeowners policy their mortgages required them to have. To his credit, Insurance Commissioner Tom Gallagher created the homeowners JUA only temporarily once, then twice, before the legislature permanently created the Florida Residential Property and Casualty Joint Underwriting Association (FRPCJUA) which, along with the existing wind pool (FWUA), was to later become Citizens in 2002.
HISTORY (Post 2005)
There have been many iterations proposed for a statewide wind pool but, they all have the same basic premise: the elimination of Citizens as a government store front insurer and the reduction of duplication created by the HRA, the PLA and the Cat Fund, all of which were formed to address the singular problem of wind exposure.
Example #1: former legislator Don Crane created a working group that proposed transforming the Cat Fund into a state owned “Florida Reinsurance Corporation” (FRC) that would be the sole provider of “hurricane” insurance for all properties in the state. The FRC would set premiums to be passed through by the primary insurers to underwrite hurricane coverage, leaving the carriers to underwrite and manage “the more predictable and quantifiable normal wind risks.” Savings and funding for the FRC would come partially by including premiums from self insured funds and government and institutional property owners as well.
Despite heavy lobbying by Crane, Dan Montgomery and their group of several hundred influential Florida citizens, the FRC concept was “whacked” back in its hole never receiving a public hearing by lawmakers or regulators.
Example #2: while employed at the FAIA yours truly drafted a concept called the Windstorm Coverage Fund (WCF) which actually made its way into early house bill drafts during the 2006 legislative session.
When applied statewide the WCF required companies and agents to perform all the administration, policy issuance, underwriting and claims adjustment functions as part of their normal operations. Thus it could eliminate Citizens or allow it to continue for problem perils like sinkholes if necessary. Either way, the WCF would incur no expense for processing wind coverage. Carriers were allowed to retain as much of the “Wind” premium as they wanted along with the corresponding wind exposure. The insurer forwards to the WCF any premium for the amount of wind that it does not retain and goes to the WCF for reimbursement of losses that exceed its retained amount of coverage.
This simple WCF plan as described in a 2005 actuarial analysis would save the HRA alone $108 million annually while making “… the process transparent to the policyholder improving policyholder satisfaction and the level of service.”
Due mostly to a unanimous lack of industry support, the WCF was also “whacked” from further legislative consideration.
Senator Mike Fasano (R) mentioned it during the Citizens Depopulation Summit on June 1, 2012. He later published an article dealing with Citizens which also pushed the statewide pool concept.
Sean Shaw mentioned the concept just four days later in an article by Aisling Swift saying it’s a “…better solution” if Citizens was to “…cover only wind damage.”
Then, only days ago reporter John Reiner writes about the subject in: “The Only Insurer Possible–State Government Controlled”. He called it The Florida Mutual Hurricane Fund; “…an exclusive windstorm insurer with no sales force, no federal taxes, no investor returns…” that would “…work something like the federal flood program.”
For those thinking this is all going somewhere, it’s not. I have no conclusions to offer, certainly none that are politically feasible. But…
…I do think that Florida’s system for managing wind exposure is so painfully duplicative that even laypersons can tell it’s out of “whack.”
Citizens employs nearly 1300 people. It’s PLA sells a full homeowners policy that covers wind. The HRA sells a different policy that covers wind exclusively. The Cat Fund, which employs less than ten people, sells a policy to Citizens that covers wind for the two different wind policies Citizens sells!
While I know it may not be politically expedient, and while there would be massive, perhaps insurmountable barriers to doing so, I don’t think it’s irrational for someone to suggest eliminating such an obvious waste of taxpayer money!
Speak Your Mind | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '57', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9504168033599854}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '41666', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6YWYBTNSXZJL7IWH3OH2FRYAVQJ6BKMH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:df24aae5-6bdd-4b02-a46a-71b8155fe8d7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 17, 58, 54), 'WARC-IP-Address': '108.160.144.84', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CQLDYQ634Q7W2GQ4ZXSAR4GGT6G3IID2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:50f16b58-9763-4e04-aadb-ace22658bddc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://johnsonstrategiesllc.com/a-statewide-wind-pool-the-game-of-whack-a-mole-2', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c7f72a8a-55be-4c1d-8475-25c2b4440872>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '946', 'url': 'http://johnsonstrategiesllc.com/a-statewide-wind-pool-the-game-of-whack-a-mole-2', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-69-73-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04429769515991211', 'original_id': '26936b63f69333b8f06b2a12c3cc5839db04d2d1928c18a827396ffd88bbf9a6'} |
ALLOY
CAB2F.LC/ST
2 metre 62.5 micron multimode fibre optic cable terminated with LC and ST connectors at either end, for use as a patch lead in networks employing optical fibre cable infrastructure. The cable has orange sheathing.
ALLOY
CAB2F.LC/ST
2 metre 62.5 micron multimode fibre optic cable terminated with LC and ST connectors at either end, for use as a patch lead in networks employing optical fibre cable infrastructure. The cable has orange sheathing.
Description
2 metre 62.5 micron multimode fibre optic cable terminated with LC and ST connectors at either end, for use as a patch lead in networks employing optical fibre cable infrastructure. The cable has orange sheathing.
2 metre multimode fibre optic cable. 62.5 micrometre core diameter. Terminated with LC and ST connectors at either ends. Orange sheathing. Can be used in all grades of Ethernet networks (10Mbps to 100Gigabit) and a variety of other systems including EPON and GPON passive optical networks, Fibre channel, HIPPI, OTN and ATM (SDH or SONET). | mini_pile | {'original_id': '957d6d04d7a161899c9f2788e3f2c00a80de78256de8ffd9cc052f7e64cfdced'} |
Due to the various regulations that protect wetlands, floodplains, and other water ways it is important that you as a property owner are aware of those. (Mining and Soil Processing 1030.060 Title X 1030-10, page 262).
Due to the location of the work or the impact it may cause, such as by altering existing drainage, guidance and inspections from the city engineer or other staff person is required.
The intent is not to create a burden on any property owner, but to help protect properties from any negative impacts. Please contact Mike Pritchard, with questions or concerns at 763-400-7033, | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ac1ede5ccaaae5c381ab18d76254aa5841281a395fa3df4491e6c249411ce686'} |
Friday, 23 May 2008
Linking away from the library
David Lee King's notes from a session by David Weinberger, specifically "a blogger that links to other places tells people to 'go away.' The hope is that readers will find that valuable enough to come back to you." reminded me of something I'd been thinking about yesterday.
There's a bit of resistance to library pages linking outwards to other sites and services. The reasoning goes that "If students wanted to search on Google Scholar they'd go there, not our databases page" and "If students wanted to search on Amazon they'd go there, not our catalogue."
Which is true and in the past I've had no answer for it. But these days there are so many different places to go to and search, who wants to check each one individually? That's why we have rss readers, and federated searching, and Meebo, and social aggregators.
These days, where (to pick numbers at random for illustration purposes) you might have a dozen sites each with an average 40% chance of finding what you're looking for, you don't go to the site which has a whopping 50% chance. You go to the site which makes it easy to go to the other sites and ramp up your chances to 90%.
So if Google Scholar searches 80% of the library databases, and the library databases search 80% of what Scholar gets, but Scholar has the "Full Text @ My Library" link and the library has no link to Scholar -- then where are students going to go?
And if Amazon searches a bazillion books that will require extortionate shipping costs and weeks to reach New Zealand at all, and the library catalogue has a million books that are actually here for free, but you can get your LibX plugin to link from Amazon to the library catalogue, whereas the library catalogue stops with "Sorry, could not find anything matching [your title], the end, have a nice day" -- then where are students going to go?
Okay, it's not quite that simple, if only because most students haven't actually heard of Google Scholar or LibX so they're actually going to be searching sites that don't link back to the library at all. But the principle of the thing remains. Just because a resource or service is outside of the library doesn't mean we shouldn't link to it. Libraries are meant to be all about the added value, aren't we? Well, linking outward adds value -- the sort of value that makes it worth the while of our customers to spend their valuable time using our service. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '46', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9597180485725404}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '57017', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:RYOCH62INVDMCSGZQZA3TVUA4QNDQ7VB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:fd3fe4eb-1045-43ca-b7dd-9a00fade49ee>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 6, 16, 7, 55, 10), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.15.65', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZUHWDOTT4ME6R4FGOAZBVUPHGWNLX35R', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5de7e29c-9006-4ded-b83a-84b78264851d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://deborahfitchett.blogspot.com/2008/05/linking-away-from-library.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:59b9bb51-8958-4e0c-a363-cb62078a2fb4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '479', 'url': 'http://deborahfitchett.blogspot.com/2008/05/linking-away-from-library.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-25\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-182.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.38750141859054565', 'original_id': '5457c94cd773b1bd088a48a02e307d8ad8d05dd84dba6af944f086b57b8d8f8c'} |
Πέμπτη, 10 Νοεμβρίου 2011
Article of Nikos Chrysogelos in the special edition of Heinrich Boell Stiftung
Article by Nikos Chrysogelos, published in the special edition of Heinrich Boell Stiftung (11/11/2011)
Greece finds itself in the centre of a global crisis, with euro zone having a common currency but not common economic and tax policies. In addition to Greece’s structural problems, the irrational construction of the euro zone contributed towards a drastic reduction of Greece’s production basis and a deterioration of its trade deficit. In Greece, the two dominant political parties did not proceed to much needed political, economic and social reforms, despite seeing the fast approaching dead-end. The leading political forces in Europe were not brave enough to move towards “more” Europe, while populist political forces viewed crisis as an opportunity for election gains. Thus, the Greek deficit and debt crisis, which in absolute numbers is comparatively negligible, escalated into a crisis threatening the euro zone and the entire European foundation.
This led to austerity measures to “rescue” Greece, resulting in unprecedented unemployment, huge salary cuts and disintegration of an already poor social infrastructure. Clearly this plan is unsustainable on a social, economic and political level, leading the country to social explosion.
Greece is in dire need of a well-planned reform based on European solidarity and a green turn of the economy. This reform should focus on administration reconstruction, personnel re-training and shifting from bureaucratic to social and environmental infrastructures. It should be accompanied by targeted limitation of expenses, and drastic measures against tax evasion and corruption in which, companies from other countries participated. This will pave the way for green investments which support innovation and create jobs especially for young people.
Rescuing, not disintegrating Greece would also be beneficial to Europe. The proposal of the German Greens, reflected also in their recent question to the Federal Parliament (29/9), constitutes a basis for a mutually beneficial cooperation between Greece and Germany.
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Latest in Gaming
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Massively talks Mesmer: Our exclusive interview with Guild Wars 2 designer Eric Flannum
Rubi Bayer, @@rubi_
It's been days since we got the official Guild Wars 2 Mesmer reveal, but the excitement is still running strong through the fan community.
Here at Massively, we're just as excited about it, so we took some time to sit down with game designer Eric Flannum and chat about some of the background and design details of the eighth and final Guild Wars 2 class. Follow along after the jump to see what he had to say!
Massively: The Mesmer is an iconic Guild Wars class, and it's almost unique to this game. Was its development more difficult because fans are so familiar with the current version?
Eric Flannum: I think that Mesmer was a bit more difficult to develop than the other professions. For example, when we're developing the Warrior skills or how the Warrior should feel, we end up referencing the warrior archetype as it appears in other media (games, movies, literature, mythology, etc.). Fans are also exposed to all of these things, and so their expectations and definition of what a Warrior is tends to be pretty broad.
For the Mesmer, we're talking about a much more specific archetype that was developed for the first Guild Wars. At its core, the Mesmer was intended to be a kind of magical duelist who relies on trickery and deception. There are obviously fewer influences to draw from when developing such a profession, and while this means it may take more time to hit exactly the right notes (no Minstrel pun intended), it ends up being very rewarding when you do get it right.
What are some of the strengths and weaknesses in the original mesmer that helped you build the Guild Wars 2 Mesmer?
The fact that the original Guild Wars mesmer relied heavily on several concepts that we were removing from Guild Wars 2 made it difficult to develop. Things like energy denial and hexing weren't going to make it into the game, so we needed to find ways of replicating the style of play Mesmer players were used to in the original game. Fortunately for us, the answer to most of the missing elements came from things that were supposed to be part of the Guild Wars Mesmer but never quite had the emphasis that we wanted. Illusion magic was one of the Guild Wars Mesmers' attribute lines, but we were never able to fully realize the Mesmer as an illusionist in the first game.
Our skills are so visual in Guild Wars 2 that we knew we had a chance to play around with some illusion mechanics, and that's where the concept of illusions filling some of the void left by the removal of hexes came into being. For example, we use the Phantasm mechanic to simulate a skill like Backfire by having the Phantasm constantly applying the Confused condition. Because of this, the player has a choice to deal with the Phantasm or the Mesmer directly and can't just rely on simple condition removal to deal with the threat. The Mesmer at its core is all about setting up these kinds of situations.
Another aspect of the Mesmer that we were never able to fully develop was the duelist aspect. If you remember, the classic Guild Wars Mesmer was often pictured with a sword, but there were very few skills that actually supported this style of play. In Guild Wars 2, we base half of the player's skill bar on which weapons he's wielding, so we had a fantastic opportunity to allow the Mesmer to support a more melee-centric style of play. Of course, the Mesmer needs to rely even more on trickery when he is right in the thick of things, so the main-hand sword features more illusion creation than the other main-hand weapons with two of the three skills creating Clones.
What was an aspect of the Mesmer -- be it abilities, weapons, appearance, or anything else -- that you knew absolutely had to be a part of the class from the very start?
We knew that the Mesmers had to have the ability to interrupt their opponents. Since we were removing explicit interrupts as part of the game, this meant that the Mesmer needed good access to the other things in the game that function as interrupts, such as stuns and dazes. One of the shatter abilities is Stun, so that every Mesmer has a way to disrupt foes no matter what else she brings with her.
Conversely, what's an aspect of the Mesmer that was considered but didn't make it to the finished product?
Some of the really unique skills for the Mesmer from the first game were the various Wastrel's skills, which caused bad things to happen to a foe unless it activated a skill. This combined in an interesting way with the Mesmer's ability to shut foes down by denying them energy and interrupting them. We tried a few different variations on this theme in Guild Wars 2, but with how active our combat is, these skills tended to either be very ineffective or seem a bit random in what they were doing.
What's your favorite thing about the class?
For me it's definitely the play that comes from creating illusions and deciding when to detonate them and when to let them do their thing. It's an extremely active style of play that requires you to constantly be on the move, thinking about what you're doing next.
Can you talk about the Mesmer from a lore perspective? How and why has the class changed over the years?
I think the major thing that's changed over the years is the decline of humanity and the introduction of the other races. You see this reflected in the diversity of weapons available to the Mesmer. For example, who were the practitioners of Mesmer magic that first started using a greatsword to channel their skills? I have a feeling it was the Norn. Similarly, Charr Mesmers have popularized the use of pistols. The influence of the five races has caused greater diversity to occur throughout Tyria.
What about the Mesmer's appearance? Did designing such a familiar and specialized class for five very different races pose any particular challenges?
Thankfully, the Mesmer has a very strong visual identity in the original Guild Wars. I think our artists have done an amazing job of strengthening those visuals even more for Guild Wars 2. Take, for example, the Shatter effect that happens when Mesmers destroy their illusions. That came from a piece of concept art by Kekai Kotaki in which he was trying to create a cool image based on the Mesmer from the first game.
When Jens and the rest of our effects artists saw this, they immediately wanted to do an effect based off of it. So we needed to develop some technology whereby we could take the 3-D model and turn it into a 2-D billboard that we could then shatter. That's a great example of our art and technology teams working together to create something unique that I think gives the Mesmer even more character than she already has.
Thanks for your time, Eric!
From around the web
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Providing the Altum-ate Health Care to Workers of Canada
Altum Health is a department within the University Health Network offering medical treatment and rehabilitation to workers with workplace-related musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. In conjunction with the rest of UHN, Altum aims to provide insightful, patient-oriented, services with the high quality of healthcare associated with UHN and the shortest time to return to work as possible. Altum takes advantage of being a part of UHN by providing the quickest, most effective connections to patients. A patient will be assessed and directed to the appropriate physician as quickly as possible, without unnecessary, intermediary visits. From the physician, the patient can then be directed to the next appropriate steps including, but not limited to, surgery, physiotherapy, or rehabilitation through UHN.
The vision may have been effective and efficient; however, the system Altum Health had in place could not keep up with this vision. The system worked as follows: Altum mailed out the forms to be filled by the patients. These forms were then faxed back then subsequently faxed around to the various departments within UHN. Ultimately, the completed forms would be manually entered into an excel spreadsheet and stored at that collection centre. If a researcher needed that information, it had to be sent back and forth between the different locations. This whole process took a long time and made it very difficult to track specific studies.
The DADOS team developed DADOS-Connect and the real-time report generator to address these needs. Altum Health uses DADOS-Connect to allow patients to input data from the comfort of their own home. The patients are emailed a one-time log in username and password, which they can use to log in and fill out the questionnaires. The information goes straight to DADOS ready to be exported from any Altum Health location. Although the database is web-based, the information is secure from external attacks. DADOS is also now equipped with the ability to calculate the protocols automatically and generate a report that is easy to understand. Known as the real-time report, all the clinician needs to do is to press a button to calculate the assessment and create a pdf file of the report. These reports are completely customizable making each study report unique. Multiple figures are generated to present any changes in the previous assessments, allowing summarize the study in one simple report. This new system works to match the vision of Altum Health in providing a system that successfully integrates each division seamlessly into the healthcare process.
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I'm honestly a little skeptical about it the idea of keto permanently. My brief glance at the literature seems to imply that it can have side effects of kidney stones, skeletal fractures, and slow the growth rate of children, but that was a study on kids with epilepsy (which it treated very effectively), so who knows how that applies to adults. And the other studies I found dealt with overweight and obese subjects, so it may be hard to find something on the long term effects on otherwise healthy adults.
And good news for coffee addicts: you can still have your morning cup of joe. You'll just need to adjust what you stir into it. Switch out flavored creamer for the real deal”full-fat heavy whipping cream, which has only 1 gram of carbs per tablespoon. If you want to give your java a jolt of sweet, stir in a low-carb sweetener that uses sugar alcohols. But if you can skip the sweet, even better. In time, you'll retrain your palate to not crave a sugary start to the day.
Also make sure that you know what foods have mostly carbs, fat, and protein, so you can make the right choices. For instance, it's not just bread, pasta, chips, cookies, candy, and ice cream that contain carbs. Beans may contain protein, but they're also very high in carbohydrates. Fruit and veggies also mostly contain carbs. The only foods that don't contain carbs are meat (protein) and pure fats, like butter and oils (including olive oil and coconut oil).
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Posts Tagged ‘Carl Pomerance’
What math stories to tell and not to tell?
February 8, 2021 3 comments
Storytelling can be surprisingly powerful. When a story is skillfully told, you get an almost magical feeling of being a part of it, making you care deeply about protagonists. Even if under ordinary circumstances you have zero empathy for the Civil War era outlaws or emperor penguins of Antarctica, you suddenly may find yourself engrossed with their fortune. This is a difficult skill to master, but the effects are visible even when used in earnest by the beginners.
Recently I started thinking about the kind of stories mathematicians should be telling. This was triggered by Angela Gibney‘s kind invitation to contribute an article on math writing to the Early Career Collection in the Notices of the AMS. So I looked at a few older articles and found them just wonderful. I am not the target audience for some of them, but I just kept reading them all one after another until I exhausted the whole collection.
My general advice — read the collection! Read a few pieces by some famous people or some people you know. If you like them, keep on reading. As I wrote in this blog post, you rarely get an insight into mathematician’s thinking unless they happen to write an autobiography or gave an interview. While this is more of a “how to” genre, most pieces are written in the first person narrative and do tell some interesting stories or have some curious points of view.
It is possible I am the last person to find out about the collection. I am not a member of the AMS, I don’t read the Notices, and it’s been a long time since anyone considered me “early career”. I found a few articles a little self-centered (but who am I to judge), and I would quibble with some advice (see below). But even those articles I found compelling and thought-provoking.
Having read the collection, I decided to write about mathematical storytelling. This is not something that comes naturally to most people in the field. Math stories (as opposed to stories about mathematicians) tend to be rather dry and unexciting, especially in the early years of studying. I will blog my own article some other time, but for now let me address the question in the title.
Stories to tell
With a few notable exceptions, just about all stories are worth telling. Whether in your autobiography or in your personal blog, as long as they are interesting to somebody — it’s all good. Given the lack of good stories, or any math stories really, it’s a good bet somebody will find your stories interesting. Let me expound on that.
Basically, anything personal works. To give examples from the collection, see e.g. stories by Mark Andrea de Cataldo, Alicia Prieto-Langarica, Terry Tao and John Urschel. Most autobiographies are written in this style, but a short blog post is also great. Overcoming an embarrassment caused by such public disclosure can be difficult, which makes it even more valuable to the readers.
Anything historical works, from full length monographs on history of math to short point of view pieces. Niche and off the beaten path stories are especially valuable. I personally like the classical History of Mathematical Notations by Florian Cajori, and Combinatorics: Ancient & Modern, a nice collection edited by Robin Wilson and John Watkins, with a several articles authored by names you will recognize. Note that an oral history can be also very valuable, see the kind of stories discussed by László Lovász and Endre Szemerédi mentioned in this blog post and Dynkin’s interviews I discussed here.
Anything juicy works. I mean, if you have a story of some famous mathematician doing something unusual (good or bad, or just plain weird), that attracts attention. This was the style of Steven Krantz’s two Math Apocryphia books, with many revealing and embarrassing anecdotes giving a sense of the bygone era.
Anything inspirational works. A beautiful example of this style is Francis Su’s Farewell Address as MAA President and part of his moving follow up book (the book has other interesting material as well). From the collection, let me single out Finding Your Reward by Skip Garibaldi which also aims to inspire. Yet another example is Bill Thurston‘s must read MO answer “What’s a mathematician to do?
Any off the beaten path math style is great. Think of “The Strong Law of Small Numbers” by Richard Guy, or many conjectures Terry Tao discusses in his blog. Think of “Missed opportunities” by Freeman Dyson, “Tilings of space by knotted tiles” by Colin Adams, or “One sentence proof… ” by Don Zagier (see also a short discussion here) — these are all remarkable and memorable pieces of writing that don’t conform to the usual peer review paradigm.
Finally, anything philosophical or metamathematical finds an audience. I am thinking of “Is it plausible?” by Barry Mazur, “Theorems for a Price” by Doron Zeilberger, “You and Your Research” by Richard Hamming, “Mathematics as Metaphor” by Yuri Manin, or even “Prime Numbers and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence” by Carl Pomerance. We are all in search of some kind of answers, I suppose, so reading others thinking aloud about these deep questions always helps.
Practice makes perfect
Before I move to the other side, here is a simple advice on how to write a good story. Write as much as possible! There is no way around this. Absolutely no substitute, really. I’ve given this advice plenty of times, and so have everyone else. Let me conclude by this quote by Don Knuth which is a bit similar to Robert Lazarsfeld‘s advice. It makes my point much better and with with more authority that I can ever provide:
Of equal importance to solving a problem is the communication of that solution to others. The best way to improve your writing skills is to practice, practice, practice.
Seize every opportunity to write mini-essays about the theoretical work you are doing. Compose a blog for your friends, or even for yourself. When you write programs, write literate programs.
One of the best strategies to follow while doing PhD research is to prepare weekly reports of exactly what you are doing. What questions did you pursue that week? What positive answers did you get? What negative answers did you get? What are the major stumbling blocks that seem to be present at the moment? What related work are you reading?
Donald Knuth – On Writing up Research (posted by Omer Reingold), Theory Dish, Feb 26, 2018
Don’t be a journalist
In this interesting article in the same collection, Jordan Ellenberg writes:
Why don’t journalists talk about math as it really is? Because they don’t know how it really is. We do. And if we want the public discourse about math to be richer, broader, and deeper, we need to tell our own stories.
He goes on to suggest that one should start writing a blog and then pitch some articles to real newspapers and news magazines. He gives his own bio as one example (among others) of pitching and publishing in mainstream publications such as Slate and the New York Times. Obviously, I agree with the first (blog) part (duh!), but I am rather negative on the second part. I know, I know, this sounds discouraging, but hear me out.
First, what Jordan is not telling you is how hard he had to work on his craft before getting to the point of being acceptable to the general audience. This started with him getting Summa Cum Laude A.B. degree from Harvard in both Math and English (if I recall correctly), and then publishing a well-received novel, all before starting his regular Slate column. Very few math people have this kind of background on which they can build popular appeal.
Second, this takes away jobs from real journalists. Like every highly competitive intellectual profession, journalism requires years of study and practice. It has its own principles and traditions, graduate schools, etc. Call it a chutzpah or a Dunning–Kruger effect, but just because you are excellent in harmonic analysis doesn’t mean you can do even a mediocre job as a writer. Again — some people can do both, but most cannot. If anything, I suspect a negative correlation between math and writing skills.
Here is another way to think about this. Most people do realize that they don’t need to email their pretty iPhone pictures of a Machu Picchu sunrise to be published by the National Geographic. Or that their cobbler family recipe maybe not exactly be what Gourmet Magazine is looking for. Why would you think that writing is much easier then?
Third, this cheapens our profession to some degree. You really don’t need a Ph.D. in algebraic number theory and two perfect scores at the IMO to write about Powerball or baseball. You need a M.S. in statistics and really good writing skills. There are plenty of media sites which do that now, such as 538. There is even the whole DDJ specialization with many practitioners and a handful of Pulitzer prizes. Using quantitative methods is now mainstream, so what exactly are you bringing to the table?
Fourth, it helps to be honest. Jordan writes: “Editors like an angle. If there’s a math angle to a story in the news, pitch it! As someone with a degree in math, you have something to offer that most writers don’t.” This is true in the rare instances when, say, a Fields medal in your area is awarded, or something like that. But if it’s in an area far away from yours, then, uhm, you got nothing over many thousands of other people.
Now, please don’t take this as “don’t comment on current affairs” advice. No, no — please do! Comment away on your blog or on your podcast. Just don’t take jobs away from journalists. Help them instead! Write them emails, correct their mistakes. Let them interview you as an “expert”, whatever. Part of the reason the math related articles are so poor is because of mathematicians’ apathy and frequent disdain to the media, not because we don’t write newspaper articles — it’s really not our job.
Let me conclude with an anecdote about me reaching out to a newspaper. Once upon a time, long ago, flights used to distribute real newspapers to the passengers. I was sitting in the back and got a Wall Street Journal which I read out of boredom during takeoff. There was an article discussing the EU expansion and the fact that by some EU rules, the headquarters need a translator from every language to every other language. The article predicted dark days ahead, since it’s basically impossible to find people who can translate some smaller languages, such as from Maltese to Lithuanian. The article provided a helpful graph showing the number of translators needed as a function of the number of countries and claimed the exponential growth.
I was not amused, cut out the article, and emailed the author upon arrival, saying that with all my authority as an assistant professor at MIT, I promise that n(n-1) grows polynomially, not exponentially. I got back a surprisingly apologetic reply. The author confessed he was a math major in college, but was using the word without thinking. I don’t know if WSJ ever published a correction, but I bet the author will not be using this word so casually anymore, and if he ever advanced to the editorial position will propagate this knowledge to others. So there — that’s my personal contribution to improving public discourse…
Don’t be an apologist
In another beautifully written article in the Early Career collection, Izzet Coskun gives “advice on how to communicate mathematics quickly in informal settings”. He writes:
Whether before a promotion committee, at a party where one might meet future politicians or future parents of future colleagues, in the elevator on the way up to tea, or in the dean’s office at a job interview, we often have the opportunity to explain our work to a general audience. The time we have is usually short [..] Our audience will not be familiar with our terminology. Communicating mathematics in such settings is challenging.
He then gives a lot of very useful practical advice on how to prepare to such “math under a minute” conversation, how to be engaging, accessible, etc. It’s an all around good advice. However, I disagree. Here is my simple advice: Don’t Do It! If it’s a dean and this is a job interview, feel free to use any math jargon you want — it’s not your fault your field is technical, and the dean of sciences is used to it anyway. Otherwise, just say NO.
It’s true that sometimes your audience is friendly and is sincere in their interest in your work. In that case no matter what you say will disappoint them. There is a really good chance they can’t understand a word of what you say. They just think they can, and you are about to disillusion them.
But more often than not, the audience is actually not friendly, as was the case of a party Izzet described in his article. Many people harbor either a low regard or an outright resentment towards math stemming from their school years or some kind of “life experience”. These folks simply want to reinforce their views, and no matter what you say that will be taken as “you see, math is both hard, boring and useless”.
One should not confuse the unfriendlies with stupid or uneducated people. On the contrary, a lot of educated people think this way. A prime example is Amy Wax with her inimitable quote:
I discussed this quote at length in this blog post. There, I tried to answer her question. But after a few back-and-force emails (which I didn’t make public), it became clear that she is completely uninterested in the actual learning of what math is and what it does. She just wants to have her own answer validated by some area practitioners. Oh, well…
So here is the real reason why I think answering such people is pointless. No matter what you say, you come across as an apologist for the field. If people really want to understand what math is for, there are plenty of sources. In fact, have several bookshelves with extremely well written book-length answers. But it’s not your job to educate them! Worse, it is completely unreasonable to expect you to answer in “under one minute”.
Think about reactions of people when they meet other professionals. Someone says “I develop new DNA based cancer treatments” or “I work on improving VLSI architecture”, or “I device new option pricing strategies”. Is there a follow up request to explain it in “under one minute”? Not really. Let me give you a multiple choice. Is that because people think that:
a) these professions are boring compared to math and they would rather hear about the latter?
b) they know exactly what these professionals do, but math is so darn mysterious?
c) they know these professions are technical and hard to understand, but even children can understand math, so how hard can that be?
d) these professions are clearly useful, but what do math people do — solve quadratic equations all day?
If you answered a) or b) you have more faith in humanity than I do. If you answered c) you never spoke to anyone about math at a party. So d) is the only acceptable answer, even if it’s an exaggeration. Some people (mostly under 7) think that I “add numbers all day”, some people (mostly in social sciences) think that I “take derivatives all day”, etc., you get the point. My advice — don’t correct them. This makes them unhappy. Doesn’t matter if they are 7 or 77 — when you correct them the unhappiness is real and visible…
So here is a summary of how I deal with such questions. If people ask what I do, I answer “I do math research and I teach“. If they ask what kind of research I say “advanced math“. If they ask for details I tell them “it’s complicated“. If they ask why, I tell them “because it takes many years of study to even understand the math lingo, so if I tell you what I do this sounds like I am speaking a foreign language“.
If they ask what are the applications of my research (and they always do), I tell them “teaching graduate classes“. If they ask for “practical” applications, whatever that means, I tell them “this puts money into my Wells Fargo account“. At this point they move on exhausted by the questions. On the one hand I didn’t lie except in the last answer. On the other — nobody cares if I even have a WF account (I don’t, but it’s none of their business either).
One can ask — why do I care so much? What’s so special about my work that I am so apprehensive? In truth, nothing really. There are other aspects of my identity I also find difficult discussing in public. The most relevant is “What is Combinatorics?” which for some reason is asked over and over as if there is a good answer (see this blog post for my own answer and this Wikipedia article I wrote). When I hear people explaining what it is, half the time it sounds like they are apologizing for something they didn’t do…
There are other questions relevant to my complex identity that I am completely uninterested in discussing. Like “What do you think of the Russian President?” or “Who is a Jew?“, or “Are you a Zionist?” It’s not that my answers are somehow novel, interesting or controversial (they are not). It’s more like I am afraid to hear responses from the people who asked me these questions. More often than not I find their answers unfortunate or plain offensive, and I would rather not know that.
Let me conclude on a positive note, by telling a party story of my own. Once, during hors d’oeuvres (remember those?), one lady, a well known LA lawyer, walked to me and said: “I hear you are a math professor at UCLA. This is so fascinating! Can you tell me what you do? Just WOW me!” I politely declined along the lines above. She insisted: “There has to be something that I can understand!” I relented: “Ok, there is one theorem I can tell you. In fact, this result landed me a tenure.” She was all ears.
I continued: “Do you know what’s a square-root-of-two?” She nodded. “Well, I proved that this number can never be a ratio of two integers, for example it’s not equal to 17/12 or anything like that.” “Oh, shut-the-F-up!” she exclaimed. “Are you serious? You can prove that?” — she was clearly suspicious. “Yes, I can“, I confirmed vigorously, “in fact, two Russian newspapers even printed headlines about that back a few years ago. We love math over there, you know.”
But of course!“, she said, “American media never writes about math. It’s such a shame! That’s why I never heard of your work. My son is much too young for this, but I must tell my nieces — they love science!” I nodded approvingly. She drifted away very happy, holding a small plate of meat stuffed potato croquettes, enriched with this newly acquired knowledge. I do hope her nieces liked that theorem — it is cool indeed. And the proof is so super neat… | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '20', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9584970474243164}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '63657', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2GXDKISVQ74OQYQCKKRK4KKMI4KY647E', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0985e9ba-66c3-4436-abf8-6bd805f4f3eb>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 13, 21, 37, 40), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.13', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:E3NGYHTVRSQXYC6ZMIDLLQ35AVBNOA7N', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3b09bb31-a033-4ebd-bea7-5d2a7ed3bd46>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://igorpak.wordpress.com/tag/carl-pomerance/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:25206629-c9fc-4d9f-818c-cef319b63c50>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '3209', 'url': 'https://igorpak.wordpress.com/tag/carl-pomerance/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-223.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03557068109512329', 'original_id': '94a2d4395e604c7db11939f8b4145d22ebfc086ac96053cd0eb98231b482799d'} |
Four Things You Should Know About Facebook and the World
I have lost track of how many years I have been using Facebook. However, I have not lost track of all the times that people say to me “I never use Facebook (FB) because it is etc., etc.” They then proceed to give me a litany of reasons why they: 1. Have never used Facebook or 2. Why they think Facebook is useless. I have found the following four beliefs to predominate among the reasons why Facebook has been deemed as either useless or even dangerous.
1. Facebook is a waste of time. It has too much stupid stuff and trivia.
I would be richer than Mark Zuckerberg if I had a dollar for every time I have heard “What do I care about what people had for breakfast today.” Great, you don’t want to know where I went, what I did, who I saw and what I eat? Use your little finger to scroll down or push delete or go to another site. I have lots of friends who do care and who want to know what I am doing. I have had many comments on my FB site such as “It was so much fun to follow you on your trip.” “I love your postings.” “Thanks for sharing.”
If you think my postings are trivial, meaningless, inane, or asinine, great. I respect your opinion. So “Defriend” me. Go elsewhere for your trivia. Find your daily dose of bullshit someplace else. But don’t criticize something you have never tried or condemn others because you find their lives not worth knowing about.
1. Facebook can’t be trusted. They will sell valuable information about me.
Facebook is a business first and foremost. How do you think Zuckerberg got so rich? FB is full of advertising and advertisers want to know everything about you, so they can sell you stuff you don’t think you really need. They will convince you that you really need it. This has been going on since Moses convinced Pharaoh to let his people go.
Do I trust FB not to sell my innermost secrets? Do I trust Zuckerberg not to share information about me with advertisers, political marketers, vendors, pollsters and other information seekers? No more than I would trust hanging from the Empire State Building with my wife’s sewing thread. You must either be deaf, dumb or blind if you think you can trust anyone selling you something or giving you something for free not to have some hidden catch or some gimmick to get more money from you. Did you ever notice that FB is free or has that escaped your attention? What is free? Do you really believe it is free?
As far as information privacy goes, observe the following that I tell all my students and you will probably not have much to worry about. It goes like this: “If you want to protect your privacy, then do not text, tweet, photo, Instagram, email, voicemail or say anything in public that you would not put up on a billboard in downtown New York.” Period. That is the only way that you will protect your privacy today and I doubt even this admonition is full proof.
1. Facebook is full of lies and “false” facts.
So, you want to make decisions based on evidence, data and facts? Facebook is no doubt full of bullshit, opinions, innuendo, conspiracies, lies and unsubstantiated claims beyond counting. The lies on FB are more numerous than the stars in the sky or the molecules in the universe. However, I will tell you a secret. There is no evidence, data or facts that are 100 percent true. Everything we know about the world is only based on theories buttressed by repetition or replication. The more our predictions happen, they more confident we are they are accurate. However, science in like the weather. You don’t count on the weather forecaster being 100 percent accurate unless you are a fool.
Throughout history, we have seen theories and facts overthrown by newer theories, newer facts and newer evidence that help better match reality with theory. The world was once flat, then it was round, now it is more elliptical. Our knowledge of everything keeps evolving and changing. Some people see it as a search for the TRUTH. However, the TRUTH does not exist or if it does, it is only like the wind. It will blow one way today and another way tomorrow. Facts, data and evidence have a probability of being accurate. They will never be 100 percent true. My father used to say, “believe nothing of what you hear and only half of what you see.” I have found this to be moderately good advice. It works very well on FB and on the Internet in general.
1. Facebook should be a social media and not political.
“John, you are too political.” “I don’t want to hear your rants and raves.” “Why can’t you keep your politics out of your Facebook site.” “Facebook is for family and friends and should not be political.”
The splash page on my FB site now shows a picture of Elie Wiesel and a quote by him that reads “To remain silent and indifferent is the greatest sin of all.” He also said, “We must take sides. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented.” Before this, my splash page had a picture of Martin Luther King and a quote by him that read, “Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.” “In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends.”
I believe that living in a society and hence to be social means to be political. If you live in a society, politics is the coin of the realm that defines the rules and procedures that govern the interactions between human beings. No one can be apolitical in a society. To believe so is to lie to yourself. I put my politics out there. I don’t care if you like them or if you don’t. I want others to know that there is someone in the universe who probably feels like they do.
Before Trump was elected, I put up a Hillary sign in my front yard. My neighbor who was also a Hillary supporter came over to warn me. She said “John, I would not put that sign up in this town if I were you. It could be dangerous.” I decided to talk this over with my wife Karen. I did not feel that I had the right to jeopardize her safety as well mine. She said that she supported keeping the sign up. My decision was sealed by her willingness to risk whatever might happen by putting a sign up in a mostly pro-Trump rural town in Arizona. A week or so later, one of my good friends who lived nearby saw my sign. She asked me to if I could get her one. I did get her a sign and I think we might have had the only two Hillary signs up in our town.
I use FB as a means to share with others who in these rather trying times might have fears of speaking out or who might feel that they are alone. I want my friends to know that I am political and that I share with some of them the same beliefs, values and ideas that they have. I firmly believe that we cannot change our present problems or deal with issues by silence. However, if you don’t like my politics or ideas then you can do as so many others have and simply defriend me. Frankly, they say we are defined by the company we keep. I would rather keep company with those who share similar convictions about life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
Time for Questions:
Do you use Facebook? Why or why not
Life is just beginning.
“You should protest about the views of people you disagree with over major moral issues, and argue them down, but you should not try to silence them, however repugnant you find them. That is the bitter pill free speech requires us to swallow.” — Julian Baggini
Facts, Data, Evidence and the Search for Truth – Part 4 – What is Evidence?
In Part 3, I tried to explain the second pillar of Truth finding and look at what Data is and what it is not. We also looked at the difficulties with collecting objective and valid Data.
In Part 4, I want to discuss the role of the third pillar (Evidence) in Truth finding. Let us start with a standard definition of Evidence from
1. That which tends to prove or disprove something; ground for belief; proof.
2. Something that makes plain or clear; an indication or sign: His flushed look was visible Evidence of his fever.
3. Data presented to a court or jury in proof of the Facts in issue and which may include the testimony of witnesses, records, documents, or objects.
If your look at the third definition, you might be excused for finding it somewhat circular. Evidence is data in support of facts? I don’t think I have a clue what this means. The first definition can be easily mistaken for what we called Data in Part 2 and possibly even hard to distinguish from a Fact. The second definition is so subjective that I am amazed they even listed it. So what is Evidence then? Here is my definition.
Evidence is relevant Facts and Data. There are lots of Facts and Data out there but not all are relevant to our proposition, case, theory, hypothesis or concepts. Evidence must have relevance to the issue we are studying. What do I mean by relevance? Let me give you an example.
crime-scene-evidenceI am working to prepare for a chess match with my neighbor. I happen to note in the paper the Fact that tomorrow will be a quarter moon. Does this Fact have any relevance to my playing chess? I don’t think so. Thus, I don’t really care that there will be a quarter moon. As far as my limited cognition or perception, I can see no relevance between the Fact of a quarter moon and my preparing for my chess match. I could be wrong. We can always mis-perceive the relevance of some information to an issue. This is often done in science and in police work. We don’t see the connection between two issues and we misjudge the outcomes. This provides one good reason for diversity and numbers in problem solving. You have less chance of being blindsided if you have a variety of opinions rather than just your own.
listen-to-all-the-evidenceLet us look at another example where the issue of relevance is more salient. I am planning to go on a trip to England in 2017. I want to plan my trip for the best possible time of the year. I hypothesize that two Facts or Data points are very important to my planning. The first is the temperatures at various times of the year in England. The second is the rain fall. I found the ranges for this data on a weather site and used the information to plan my trip. Of course, some of the decisions anyone makes will depend on their own weather preferences. I wanted to minimize rainfall and also keep the temperature in a moderate range. What I call sweater weather. Thus, both these set of factors were relevant and important to my planning. I would call them Evidence to support the time of year that I decided to go.
science-does-not-give-a-shit-what-you-believeOn the other hand, if you like rain, you might have picked a different time of the year than I did. There were other mitigating factors which played a role in my decision making. These factors included costs for lodging during the year and transportation costs during the year. In general, off season times have better rates but are somewhat the worse for weather. Another factor was the value of the pound to the dollar. I considered the value of the dollar to the pound post Brexit but concluded that I did not have enough information to effectively evaluate the impact of this data on my decision. I am assuming that with the volatility involved in the situation, the value of the dollar might go either way against the pound. My best guess is that I will benefit if I go as soon as possible. The news has recently noted that after Brexit the value of the pound fell 14 percent against the dollar. This would mean I could get a significant cost advantage if I purchase anything in England. I am hoping this situation will continue until after my trip but there are too many variables at play here for me to use this information. I can only hope.
chain-of-custodyA more common example of relevance can be found by looking at police work. We are all familiar these days with what is called Forensic science. I am sure most of you reading this have watched some police show. As soon as a crime is discovered, the Crime Scene Unit (CSI) is brought in to collect Evidence. Keep in mind that everything at a crime scene is not Evidence. Only what may have a possible relationship to the crime. This can be a real problem. The CSI unit is going to be limited by their assumptions concerning what might be relevant. For instance, I doubt any Crime Scene Investigator will care whether or not the light bulbs are “bright” or “soft white” in the kitchen or bathroom. It is impossible to collect all the “Evidence” of stuff that might be related to the crime. Thus, relying on experience and training, the police investigators do their best to collect Facts and Data that appear to be relevant to the crime. The relevant Data and Facts are not just interesting, they are Evidence. The more they relate to the crime, the stronger the Evidence will be.
bag-labeled-evidence-with-gun-and-handcuffsAn eyewitness can provide Evidence via his/her testimony as to the events of a crime. The relevance of any eyewitness is high but the reliability of an eyewitness can be much lower. Second hand testimony is not as relevant as first hand testimony and is thus weaker Evidence. Testimony that might be compromised by some factors such as police record, bias, discrimination, physical disabilities might be relevant but will be weaker Evidence because the validity of the Evidence is suspect. That is why lab procedures and chain of custody is so important to police work. They may have the most relevant Evidence imaginable but if the validity of the Evidence can be comprimised because of sloppy police work, the Evidence will be useless.
The same is true of scientific Evidence. It must be valid and reliable. One example of how a Fact was exposed as a lie was in the work on so called “cold fusion.” Here is an excerpt from a paper on the dubious development of cold fusion in a laboratory:
“One year after the press conference that had garnered Pons and Fleischmann so much attention, the scientific process had finally been able to sort through the evidence regarding cold fusion. Few groups had found support for the hypothesis, and those few had inconsistent results and could not reliably reproduce their findings. This lack of replicable evidence was a major blow for cold fusion. The laws of nature don’t play favorites. If cold fusion works in one laboratory under a certain set of conditions, we’d expect it to work in other laboratories at other times under the same conditions. Hence, lack of reproducibility is a serious problem for any scientific finding, casting doubt on the validity of the original result and suggesting that there’s been a misinterpretation of what’s going on.” —
evidence-root-cause-acneIt is seldom that findings of Evidence in police work or business are subjected to as much scrutiny as occurred in the so called development of cold fusion. Perhaps, since this was a finding of great scientific importance, it was held to a more rigorous standard than would occur in many other scientific studies. I am thinking in particular of findings in the health field, nutrition field and drug field. In each of these fields we often have much less rigor before results are posted or accepted. Business is even worse with advertisers spouting outright lies and fabrications. Little known phenomenon are routinely heralded as being highly reliable Evidence of the benefit of some product or service that someone wants to sell you. All kinds of spurious Facts and Data are then marshaled as Evidence to support the phony claims by Madison Avenue advertisers.
Next week in Part 5, the final part of this series on Truth, we will look at how one can put the three pillars of Facts, Data and Evidence together to find the Truth.
Time for Questions:
Can you tell me how you know a true Fact from a false Fact? How do you decide what to believe? How much credibility do you put in the news that you hear? How do you choose the news that you want to hear? How do you decide who is telling the Truth?
Life is just beginning.
“I am a firm believer in the people. If given the Truth, they can be depended upon to meet any national crisis. The great point is to bring them the real Facts.” — Abraham Lincoln
Facts, Data, Evidence and the Search for Truth – Part 3 – What is Data?
In Part 1, I discussed the difficulty with finding the Truth. It is a quest complicated by the amount of information that we are inundated with on a daily basis. It is further complicated in that much of the information we find is either erroneous or outright lies. The average person has never studied information theory in school and is ill equipped to sort through the morass of Data, Evidence and Facts that are presented to them. In Part 2, I tried to break down the concept of what a Fact is to help people better understand its role in truth finding. In Part 3, I will try to break down the second pillar of truth finding and look at what Data is and is not and the difficulties with collecting objective and valid Data.
What is Data?
I hope to dispel some of the confusion over the concept of Data and make it easier for people to see the pros and cons of using Data. We have too many people in business, religion, government and the military who do not understand what Data is and who misuse it by quoting statistics and numerical information incorrectly. One negative result is to confuse people over what is true and what is not true. An even more insidious result of the misuse of Data is incorrect decision making. During the Vietnam War, the inflated enemy kills and deflated enemy troop levels led to a total lack of ability to plan strategically for the war. Thousands of people were killed on both sides by the negligent and criminal misuse of Data and statistics on the part of the military and defense department.
“Former CIA analyst Sam Adams told a federal jury here Monday that Army Gen. William C. Westmoreland caused a “massive falsification” of intelligence during the Vietnam War by imposing a ceiling upon the numbers of enemy troops.” — Westmoreland Blamed for Faulty Troop Reports : Witness for CBS Testifies General’s Policy Caused ‘Massive Falsification’ — January 15, 1985, RUDY ABRAMSON
fast_data_brain_treeWhen I started working with Process Management International in 1986 after completing my doctorate degree at the University of Minnesota, I met the famous quality improvement expert and renowned statistician, Dr. W. E. Deming. Over the next seven years, he had the most profound influence on my life in terms of helping me to understand process improvement, statistics, quality and the use of Data to improve everything from widgets to health care. Under the influence of Dr. Deming, our company adopted his motto “In God we trust, all others bring Data.” Dr. Deming also said “Without Data, you’re just another person with an opinion.” So what is Data? Merriam Webster dictionary defines Data as: “Facts or information used usually to calculate, analyze, or plan something.” This definition is very misleading and inaccurate.
In the first place, Data is not necessarily a Fact. Data is unorganized bits of numbers and calculations which by themselves do not add up to a Fact. For instance, here is some Data: 3, 4, 7, 15 and 12. Individually, these numbers do not mean a thing. As an example, take the English alphabet, which is composed of 26 letters. Each letter by itself means little or nothing. Data by itself usually has no meaning or significance. It must be organized before it will have any meaning or usefulness.
Secondly, Data is not information. A letter by itself does not provide information of anything nor does a single display of numbers or statistics provide any information. You must put them together to mean something. When they are put together in some form of a relationship, they can then be called information. For example, 2+2= 4 constitutes bits of Data put into an equation that gives me the sum of the individual bits of Data. Data aggregated in some type of meaningful form becomes information.
“Look beyond the numbers you see to what they mean and understand how the numbers presented may not fully capture the important details you need to consider.”Statistics Abuse and Me by Jay Mathews:
man-data-analytics-chalkboard-ss-1920If we understand what Data is, you have now entered the deep forest. However, we have a long way to go before we can get out of the forest. There are numerous obstacles along the way. Referring again to the concepts of validity and reliability, we must ask ourselves the same questions we asked about our Facts. Is our Data reliable and valid? How did we collect the Data? What method did we use to collect the Data? Are we taking a few samples each day for several weeks or are we taking a few samples for only a few days? Are we using a random sample or a stratified random sample? Different methods of collecting Data will lead to different results. And we are not even talking about interpreting the Data yet. For instance, when I worked at W.T. Grants cutting shades back in the late 60’s, I was told to make sure I took my measurements with a metal tape measure and not a cloth or plastic measure. The reason given was that it was easier to stretch a cloth tape measure and get a false result. This would lead to cutting a shade that was too large and would not fit.
The process of measuring something must also match the purpose or objective. Dr. Deming frequently used the example of cleaning a table to discuss measurement problems. Dr. Deming emphasized the need to know “why” something was needed to be done. If a person is asked to clean a table, how can the person understand the level of cleanliness required without first understanding why they are performing the job in the first place? If the table is to be used as a workbench, it would require a different level of cleanliness then if it were to be used as a lunch table. Even more different if it was to be used as an operating room table. Understanding why we are doing something is critical to determining the appropriate measurement process. The measurement process will influence the Data we obtain.
Here are several other problems that are commonly encountered when collecting Data:
• Irrelevant or duplicate Data collected
• Pertinent Data omitted
• Different measures of the same object by those collecting the data
• Erroneous collected
• Too little Data acquired
• Insufficient time to collect the Data properly
• Poor methods of storing or archiving Data
• Lack of a systematic method for collecting Data
If we have addressed all of the above problems, we are still not out of the forest, in fact, we are probably only about one half way through the forest. We now face the most daunting and difficult task of all. We must attempt to interpret the Data and catalog the Data without bias. A number of movies have been made which illustrate the difficulty of presenting Data or information without bias. They are all based on what has been labeled as the Rashomon Effect. roshomon-effect
“This is a term used to describe the circumstance when the same event is given contradictory interpretations by different individuals involved. The term derives from Akira Kurosawa‘s 1950 film Rashomon, in which a murder involving four individuals (suspects, witnesses, and surviving victims) is described in four mutually contradictory ways. More broadly, the term addresses the motivations, mechanism, and occurrences of the reporting on the circumstance, and so addresses contested interpretations of events, the existence of disagreements regarding the Evidence of events, and the subjects of subjectivity versus objectivity in human perception, memory, and reporting.”Wikipedia
It is inevitable that any observations we make in life are biased by the prior experiences we have. Our senses are not infallible measures of sight, smell, taste, hearing and touch. Each of our senses is infused with the Data that they have already been exposed to. The prior Data that each of us has already experienced will influence our future perceptions. Similarly, our brains are also biased by prior ideas and experiences. We cannot get away from bias. Sadly, extreme bias leads to a lack of credibility and objectivity. (We will discuss the concepts of objectivity and credibility in more depth when we discuss Truth in Part 5 of this article.)
I noted earlier that there is no solution or at least I have not found one to our central problem in terms of searching for the truth. It is no easy matter to find Data, organize Data and interpret Data in such a way that we eliminate bias and insure objectivity. The scientific method is one system for collecting and organizing Data to test a theory or hypothesis that is invaluable. The method can be summarized as follows:
1. Make an observation
2. Propose a theory or hypothesis
3. Design and perform experiments to test the hypothesis
4. Collect Data from the experiments
5. Determine if the Data, Facts and Evidence support the hypothesis
There are millions of scientific experiments that have been conducted since the founding of the scientific method. The results of these experiments have helped us to develop civilization and many of the modern conveniences we now have. Science has added to our health, safety and longevity in so many ways that are beyond dispute. Without science, we would still be living in caves, dying in our twenties and eating cold meat. The scientific method is the single most important method for identifying the truth that has ever been developed.
screen-shot-2014-11-05-at-11-50-43-pm-820x1024Unfortunately, the scientific method is not infallible. It is subject to bias and disagreement over Data and interpretations. Even more problematic is that the scientific method is not a strong method when it comes to testing subjective theories that cannot be verified by Fact. For instance, “Is the Mona Lisa beautiful?” As stated, this is a subjective question that each individual will hold a different opinion on. However, if I asked: “Is the Mona Lisa the most beautiful painting in the world?” I could attempt to answer that question with a bit more objectivity. I could conduct a survey to see what percentage of people think it is the most beautiful. Subjective studies are not as strong as objective studies since they usually lead to results that follow a bell shaped curve. Thus, if we conducted the above survey, we would probably find that a certain percentage of people thought it was the most beautiful painting and a certain percentage did not. As in politics, opinions of beauty would be all over the place. This is why politics is so much more difficult to “Fact check” than issues like the atomic mass of hydrogen. Politics is a very subjective field that resists efforts to test and Fact check. Some examples that would be difficult to test with the scientific method would include:
1. Who will make the best President or Leader?
2. What is the best way to deal with ISIS in the Mideast?
3. Should we support the UN more strongly in its peace keeping role?
4. What is the best way to create jobs and stimulate the economy?
Each of the above questions could be stated as a theory, but each would be difficult if not impossible to prove due to the difficulty of collecting objective Data. By objective, I mean Data that is not biased. In Fact, it would be difficult to even collect accurate Data to prove any of the above questions.
Where does the above discussion leave us? I fear the outcome of this discussion will not be satisfactory to anyone looking for some full proof means to find, catalog and interpret Data that is 100 percent accurate, reliable, valid and objective. The closest we will come to such a process is the scientific method. Alas, even this method is not full proof and as we all know, science is subject to a great deal of bias and distortion, at least in areas where Data is more subjective than objective. However, even in areas such as Global Warming where one would think the Data could be found that is objective and reliable, we still find a great number of people who argue that Global Warming does not exist. This raises the final and most difficult problem to solve before we are out of the forest and that is the problem of denial and delusion. I will defer this discussion to Part 5.
afrobarometer-data-1Finally, if I have left you with some understanding of the difficulty with interpreting Data, I will have felt successful. The first step to knowledge is awareness of our cognitive limitations. We also need to be more skeptical when people present us with Facts and Data. My father used to say “Believe nothing of what you hear and half of what you see.” I still consider this good advice. There are too many fools and charlatans out there trying to convince us of things for a multitude of reasons that will benefit them and not us. Just as we would not walk down a dark alley in an unknown city by ourselves, we need to exercise caution when presented with Data and Facts. The more we understand the limits of Data and Facts, the more prepared we will be to make decisions based on Data and Facts that have a higher degree of validity and reliability. If the Data, Facts and Evidence that you base your knowledge on are not accurate than everything you think you know will be at best a half truth and at worst a total lie.
Next week in Part 4, we will look at the concept of Evidence and the how this concept informs our search for the truth.
Time for Questions:
Do you understand what Data is? Do you know what a Bell Shaped Curve is? Do you trust the Data you see in the news? Do you trust what your local political leaders tell you? How accurate do you think the news is when reporting information? What do you think biases your own interpretations of Data and events? How do you try to be more objective when studying a problem?
Life is just beginning.
“Any time scientists disagree, it’s because we have insufficient Data. Then we can agree on what kind of Data to get; we get the Data; and the Data solves the problem. Either I’m right, or you’re right, or we’re both wrong. And we move on. That kind of conflict resolution does not exist in politics or religion.” — Neil deGrasse Tyson
Facts, Data, Evidence and the Search for Truth – Part 2 – What is a Fact?
In Part 1, I discussed the difficulty with finding the Truth. It is a quest complicated by the amount of information that we are inundated with on a daily basis. It is further complicated in that much of the information we find is either erroneous or outright lies. The average person has never studied information theory in school and is ill equipped to sort through the morass of Data, Evidence and Facts that are presented to them. I admitted in Part 1 that I do not have the entire solution to this problem. Namely, how do we find the Truth? In Part 2, 3 and 4, I want to describe the three elements of Truth seeking: Facts, Data and Evidence and then in the final Part 5 show how they relate to the problem of finding the Truth. We will start by looking at what a Fact is.
The common definition of a Fact is something that can be verified. But the concept of verification is a very difficult idea to pin down. What do we mean by verify? Do we mean that we can find other people who agree with the “Fact?” For instance, most people today would agree that the world is round or at least elliptical. However, there was a long period in history, when common knowledge held that the world was flat. Thus, common knowledge is not always a good means of verifying a Fact. Nevertheless, we often rely on common knowledge as a means of Fact verification. Most so called Facts are simply things that have become commonly agreed on. For instance, that Columbus discovered America in 1492. We are taught this in history but we are not taught that many people would not agree with this Fact. Common knowledge is a very dangerous form of verification.
It is very easy to accept a Fact as Truth if we forget or ignore the limitations of such verification. In many court trials, jurors have considered it as a Fact if they have verification by an eyewitness to the sequence of events or people who were present at a particular crime. History has shown however, that eye witnesses are very unreliable (see How reliable is eyewitness testimony?). Today we rely more and more on video cameras for verification of certain events. Even their use has not proven to be the panacea that many have hoped for.
Another means of Fact verification is measurement. What if we can measure the Fact? Surely, the ability to measure something should be conclusive proof that a Fact is accurate or true. Unfortunately, this is not the case. For instance, it is now stated as a Fact that Mt. Everest is 29,029′ in elevation (Wiki). We can accept this measurement as a Fact but there are two problems with doing so. First, the height of every mountain in the world is constantly changing. Weather, erosion and other forces of nature will over time lower some mountains and raise other mountains. Second, any measurement system is dependent on the accuracy and reliability of the measurement instrument and the process used in the measuring of the particular variable. A sloppy process of measurement can lead to false or unreliable results. The OJ trial was a good example of where the jurors refused to believe the Facts obtained from the LA crime labs.
misinformation“The prosecution had expert witnesses that testified that the Evidence was often mishandled. Photos were taken of critical Evidence without scales in them to aid in measurement taking; items were photographed without being labeled and logged, making it difficult, if not impossible, to link the photos to any specific area of the scene. Separate pieces of Evidence were bagged together instead of separately causing cross-contamination; and wet items were packaged before allowing them to dry, causing critical changes in Evidence.”
Take your common bathroom scale. If you weigh yourself regularly you will notice that you can get different readings on successive times of getting on the scale. I am not talking about different days but even taking these readings at the same exact time. Get on your scale, get off again and then get right on again and you will very likely get slightly different readings. Our ability to measure things has become more and more accurate. Nevertheless, every measurement system is either subject to errors of validity or reliability.
fact-finding-techniques-1-638A validity error is when we are not measuring the right thing. IQ tests have been repeatedly criticized for not really measuring the intelligence of a human being or for being biased by many cultural Factors. Thus opponents of IQ tests argue that they are not valid measures of intelligence. A reliability error is when our measures are not consistent. The scale example given above illustrates the problem with reliability. Most people use a scale to weight themselves and most scales have problems with reliability. However, if you tried to equate your weight with your health, you would be assuming that the scale could also measure health and this would be a problem with validity. Scales cannot measure health although health might be correlated to some degree with appropriate height and weight.
A correlation is a measure of how much things vary with each other. Thus, the amount of grass growth is generally highly correlated with rainfall. The more rain we get, the more the grass grows. The amount of money one makes is somewhat but not highly correlated with IQ. Earnings tend to be more highly correlated with amount of education but this is only true up to a point. The concept of correlation is a very important concept in measurement. We are often fooled by thinking that things are correlated when they are not. This can lead to poor decision making. Here are some examples of positive correlations:
• The more time you spend running on a treadmill, the more calories you will burn.
• Taller people have larger shoe sizes and shorter people have smaller shoe sizes.
• The more hours you spend in direct sunlight, the more severe your sunburn.
• As the temperature goes up, ice cream sales also go up.
• The more gasoline you put in your car, the farther it can go.
• As a child grows, so does his clothing size.
When a 100 percent or 1-1 correlation does not exist, you can always find exceptions to any rule or Fact. A false correlation is created when people assume two things to be true and related when they are not. For instance, Trumps claim that a good businessperson will make a good president has no basis in Fact or historical Evidence. False correlations lead to many problems including delusions, myths, fanatical beliefs and not just poor but disastrous decision making. Following, I will provide some examples of false correlation:
• The more one exercises, the more weight one will lose
• Reading will make a person more intelligent
• Paying people more will increase productivity
• A happy worker is a productive worker
• The longer one is married, the happier they are
• Lowering taxes will create jobs and improve the economy
Understanding the concept of correlation is critical to measurement and hence critical to Fact finding. If we assume that measuring anything is the best way to verify a Fact, we must be critical and open minded about the limitations of the measurement system that we decide to use.
bull-spottingBefore we move on to looking at the concept of Data, we will look at two more problems with the concept of Facts. These are distortion and bias. Distortion relates to twisting the meaning of something. This can happen by taking something that someone has said out of context. For instance, I might be talking at a conference and say something in sarcasm such as “Yeah, I will definitely vote for Trump.” My words could be repeated verbatim and it would sound like I was endorsing Trump. It is difficult to detect sarcasm. To most people reading or hearing my words second hand, it will sound like I am a strong Trump supporter. Slick politicians and advertisers will often distort a Fact to make it sound like the Fact is supporting their position.
Bias is another major problem with Fact checking or Fact verification. Sites like PolitiFact have lulled people into thinking that Facts can be checked with great accuracy. Not only is this assertion mostly false but there is another problem. Bias will inevitably creep into the process of Fact checking when some Facts are checked and others are not. Another example will illustrate this problem. Let us take a debate between Hillary and Trump as our example. During the course of a 90 minute debate there might be as many as 200 assertions that could be Fact checked. PolitiFact will not check all of them. Which ones will they check? The Facts that might make Hillary look like a liar or the Facts that might make Trump look like a liar? By judiciously choosing the Facts that I decide to check, I can bias the results for either Trump or Hillary. Just having the most Facts on one’s side does not insure that one also has Truth on their side.
Next week in Part three, we will look at Data and the how this concept informs our search for the Truth.
Time for Questions:
Life is just beginning.
Facts, Data, Evidence and the Search for Truth. How do we know what to believe anymore? – Part 1
truth-2I watched several shows the other day in which Trump supporters were interviewed. People are as curious about his supporters as they are about Trump. Given the unquestionable fact that Trump is a greedy sexist racist hate monger, why would anyone support him? The assumed knowledge is that his supporters are a bunch of ignorant losers: people who are uneducated or at best semi-literate. However, the data and demographics do not entirely support this conclusion. Many Trump supporters are intelligent educated and literate people. These are also people who believe in the United States of America and care about their country. What then persuades or convinces them that Trump is the right person for the job of POTUS? His qualifications pose a questionable proposition that would seem to fly in the face of all known facts in the entire universe. This dilemma strikes at the heart of the matter. We do not know what to believe any more. What is a fact? What is evidence? What is objective data? Where can we find facts that are truthful (not really a redundancy)?
I think about my graduate students at the college where I have taught for many years. These are students who are working on an MBA and are highly literate, highly educated and highly intelligent individuals. Many of them already hold very well paying jobs and responsible positions in successful companies. Nevertheless, the challenge that I continually face is to teach them the difference between facts, data, evidence and truth. Despite their literacy, few of these students understand the difference. This is a scary situation. If these highly educated students do not understand the difference between these concepts, how can we expect the many uneducated members of the general public to understand and comprehend the essential elements of truth finding? I say essential because facts, data and evidence are the three pillars of truth. If you do not have these, you cannot find the truth.
liesSeveral problems make the issue even more complex. In academia, we are dealing with a subset of life in which there is much less confusion over the truth since no one is deliberately trying to distort, lie or sell us anything. There may be stupidity, lack of knowledge and even ignorance by many scientists and professors but the greed motive is much less tangible. I am not saying it does not exist, but for most of my teaching career, I cannot think of anything I have ever tried to sell to my students and make a profit on. I can say with some confidence that this is also true of all the instructors whom I have ever known or worked with. The same situation does not exist outside of academia. The marketplace is a vicious jungle when it comes to searching for the truth while academia is a tame zoo in comparison.
When we enter the marketplace and even more so in the political arena, the motive to convince us of something relies much less on elucidating the truth than it does on obfuscating the truth in order to sell us something. Wells Fargo Bank wants you to open a credit account. They don’t care whether you need it or not. Volkswagen wants to sell you a car even if they have to hide the truth about pollution levels. Every politician in America wants you to vote them into office. They don’t want you to know the real truth about their competition or that they do not have all the answers to the problems facing our country.
Companies and politicians have a vested interest in hiding the truth from you. Stories like Miracle on 31st Street where Macy’s sent people to Gimbels are few and far between and exist mostly in fantasy. Similarly, stories about politicians with ethics such as “Mr. Smith Goes to Washington” have become legendary because they depict a reality that seldom exists. Most politicians will promise you the moon to get your vote and most companies will not tell you the truth about cigarettes, drugs, food or anything else unless forced to do so by some form of government regulation or mandate. It does not matter whether it will kill you or not as long as you buy it or elect them.
trump-versus-hillaryFinally, we come to perhaps the biggest ruse of all. If anyone is searching for the truth, they will eventually enter into the Fourth Estate. This hallowed ground is defined as: “A societal or political force or institution whose influence is not consistently or officially recognized. Fourth Estate most commonly refers to the news media, especially print journalism or The Press.” (Wiki). Thomas Jefferson believed that the two pillars of a democratic society were an educated citizenry and a free press. Mark Twain was somewhat more skeptical about the power of the press and information to inform people when he noted that: “If you don’t read the newspaper, you’re uninformed. If you read the newspaper, you’re mis-informed.” The truth seeker has been taught since early childhood that in the domain of the Fourth Estate is to be found the truth. Little do they know the quagmire they have entered into or that the role of truth finding in the Fourth Estate no longer exists.
Today, the major purpose of the news (whether print or digital or video or audio) is to sell. Sell, sell, sell, sell and sell some more. Sell junk, sell drugs, sell expensive credit cards, sell stuff and more stuff. Stuff you don’t need, won’t need and will probably never need. The job of the media is to convince you that you do need stuff, that you desire stuff and that you cala_verite_par_jules_joseph_lefebvren not possibly live without stuff.
I once thought that journalists were a group to be respected. This was based on the knowledge that they had often risked their lives and their reputations to bring us the truth. Today, journalists are little more than pimps for advertisers. They have sold their souls to the devil, descended into hell and may never come out again. The measure of a journalist is not how much information they provide to the public but how many advertisements they can sell. The changing role of journalists has made it even more difficult for people to find the truth. Nothing in the news is remotely objective or unbiased any more. Every paper, every station has their spin on things. The spin is determined by who owns and controls the media.
Take polls for example. As we go into the final days of the 2016 US presidential election, you can find polls that favor one candidate or the other candidate. If there are seventy polls, half may favor one candidate and half may favor the other candidate. There is no truth even in these so called unbiased statistical polls. Many of my friends have suggested that the news media want the race to be close because this keeps people tuned in. Much like a sports match, we would rather watch an event that had a pair of evenly matched contestants. My friends have suggested that the news seems to do its best to insure that first one candidate gets major media attention thus elevating them in the polls and then it switches to the other candidate providing them attention that elevates their poll numbers. I am not a big conspiracy theorist but this theory does seem to have some merit to it.
78-trump-debate-lies-758x426Regardless of whether the media intentionally want to keep the race close or not, there is no denying that the candidate who is the most obnoxious, the most outrageous and the most sensational will garner the most press. Trump has been well aware of this and has continually manipulated the media into providing him billions of dollars in free advertising. The fickle public seems to swing from one candidate to the other depending on who they see in the news. Trump has undoubtedly benefitted from his ability to keep the press absorbed with his every utterance regardless of how inane they are. He can tweet at 2AM in the morning and be assured that Fox News will carry his tweet on the 7 AM morning news.
stupid-trump-supportersHow then can we blame the general public, educated or not, of being uninformed or misinformed when most of our society is conspiring against them finding the truth? It is a trap that I have fallen into when I have railed against the stupid, illiterate and uninformed Trump supporters. Sadly, they are not to blame for their reliance on Trump to give them the truth. The have certainly not found it in academia or the Fourth Estate. I have some solutions to this issue but I do not have the entire answer to it. I do have part of the answer. It is quite clear to me that one must understand the difference between facts, data, evidence and the role of these three elements in helping to shape the truth. In Part 2 of this blog, I will go into the subject of Facts in more depth. In the following parts, I will cover Data, Evidence and Truth.
Time for Questions:
How do you know what to believe? Who do you trust to give you unbiased information? How much do you trust the news? Are you satisfied with the quality of the information you get from journalists and the news? What do you think we need to do to improve the quality of information the American public receives?
Life is just beginning.
“There’s a danger in the internet and social media. The notion that information is enough, that more and more information is enough, that you don’t have to think, you just have to get more information – gets very dangerous.” — Edward de Bono
%d bloggers like this: | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '200', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.951140820980072}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '163407', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CF5MCMONAIVWV745R3DRISIXSPTC2RON', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4607c5c6-db2d-4815-b11e-d34442f2e391>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 20, 2, 51, 27), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.25', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JCWAHRNUB47MXLFINIDRCUAWSSJQEJR5', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ecc86f9f-d660-4396-a1b1-a5f6a617d3cb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://agingcapriciously.com/tag/data/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d57d5f75-1229-4442-985a-dfa77b108e14>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '8564', 'url': 'https://agingcapriciously.com/tag/data/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-171-174-209.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.043740034103393555', 'original_id': 'c1d4666322723094c2fdb3f377108172369433a55629be5f571566f97251bb91'} |
Newtown Tragedy Brings Brain Injury to Light
In 2008, the Center for Disease Control released a statistic revealing that the causes of brain injury stem from:
Assault (37%)
Auto Accidents (25%)
Sports Activities (11%)
Falls (11%)
A different study revealed that 87% of those incarcerated in American jails suffered from brain injuries as well. Adam Lanza, the man responsible for the Sandy Hook Elementary shooting, allegedly suffered from Asperger’s Syndrome. Tests are currently underway to determine if he had suffered any sort of brain injury, which may have led to the devastating shooting.
Contact Us
Have you been in an accident which has resulted in a brain injury? If so, contact the experienced personal injury attorneys of McAllen’s J. Gonzalez Law Firm at (956) 630-6700. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '0e424743ca96b7490632343154cd6460262636ac2c263e741e7e0dc01c0c121e'} |
Thomas A. Manning
Thomas A. Manning was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.
Biography
Manning was born on October 15, 1886 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He would later captain the Marquette Golden Avalanche football team. Manning was a member of the Knights of Columbus. He died in Milwaukee on April 4, 1944. A tribute to him was read by the Assembly.
Political career
Manning was a member of the Assembly from 1913 to 1915. Additionally, he was a Milwaukee alderman from 1914 to 1916. He was a candidate for city attorney in 1922 and for civil judge in 1933.
References
Category:Sportspeople from Milwaukee
Category:Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Category:Wisconsin city council members
Category:Wisconsin state court judges
Category:Players of American football from Wisconsin
Category:Marquette Golden Avalanche football players
Category:Marquette University Law School alumni
Category:American Roman Catholics
Category:Wisconsin lawyers
Category:1886 births
Category:1944 deaths
Category:20th-century American judges | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd803ccaa7f3a0a8543f9e3b828f1fec6bb6dc15c4d5a6c7c3d1359d351cdbcc1'} |
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Fax Machines
Instant transmission of documents, for the cost of a phone call, is a competitive necessity in the 1990s.
If American business needed fast delivery of documents, it got that in the 1980s from overnight express companies deploying armies of trucks and planes to deliver letters for about $10 apiece. Today another solution is offered by telecommunications technology: Facsimile machines deliver documents instantaneously for the price of a phone call.
The wonder of facsimile is that the technology is simple and accessible to anyone with a telephone line. Any image that can be placed on paper -- typed text, handwritten notes, graphics, and photographs -- can be sent by fax.
An exotic and expensive technology only five years ago, fax machines of substantial quality can be bought today for as little as $500. Sales of fax machines reached 1.6 million units last year, according to BIS Strategic Decisions, a Norwell, Mass., market research and consulting firm. Many of those sales are coming from small companies, which understand the major advantages that accrue from fast business communications.
In the mid-1980s, when fax machines first caught the attention of small companies, many buyers chose stripped-down machines because that was all they could afford. Fax machines that did little more than perform basic functions cost $2,500 to $3,000. With prices now dramatically lower -- the same low-end machines sell for $500 to $600 -- buyers can choose among dozens of options that promise greater convenience and efficiency. But with a broader menu of choices has come more confusion, too. What features does a small company really need?
* * *
Assessing your needs
If your company is growing rapidly, a low-end unit with few features is a bad investment. You will eventually be unhappy with its limitations. To make the wisest purchase, spend some time assessing what your needs are now and how they are likely to change.
One of the most important considerations is the volume of material you are likely to send and receive. Fax machines are rated on volume, and an estimate of your company's future volume is likely to define the minimum level of machine you should buy. Estimating volume is difficult, but start with the material you send out now for overnight delivery. How much of it would be better served by fax? Poll your employees on how much correspondence they foresee sending by fax. Add liberally to their estimate because it is likely to be too low. Ask yourself, How fast is my company and mail volume growing? Who will use the machine? The more people using the machine, the more likely it is that volume will grow.
It is common for a company purchasing its first fax machine to underestimate volume. Often, a business finds itself using the machine in ways never considered. Expect to receive more transmissions if you print your fax number on business cards or letterhead or if it is published in a fax directory -- a telephone book of fax numbers.
Consider also what type of material you will be transmitting. Will it be standard 81/2-by-11-inch documents, or will it also include larger sizes? Will it include graphics, photographs, or detailed drawings? Depending on the size of the pages you will be sending, you may need a system that accepts documents up to 11 inches wide instead of just 81/2-inch-wide sheets.
If you work with materials that require detail and clarity in transmission, you will need a machine with enhanced-resolution settings or a mode for sending photos or illustrations. Although prices are steep, you may even want to consider the new generation of machines that print crisp images on plain paper rather than the inferior coated stock that curls up.
* * *
With the exception of an automatic paper cutter and automatic document feeder, there are few features essential for every user. Knowing about these and other features will make the difference between getting a machine that grows with you and one that you outgrow.
Automatic paper cutter: This shears each page of a document as it leaves the fax machine. Without it, documents will print out in a continuous sheet, and someone will have to trim each page manually -- not a great boost to productivity. This is the easiest decision of all: Don't leave your fax dealer without it.
* * *
Automatic paper feeder: This feature is another must unless you want to see employees spend 10 minutes at a time feeding long documents into the machine page by page. With an automatic feeder, users can place the pages in the machine, dial the phone number, and walk away. Capacities vary, but most document feeders hold between 5 and 30 sheets. Unless you frequently send multipage documents of more than 30 pages, a low-capacity feeder is sufficient.
* * *
Speed dialing: Most machines allow users to program telephone numbers into memory for 1- or 2-digit access, eliminating the need to dial 7 or 11 digits. Get this feature if you frequently send documents to the same locations.
* * *
Redial: What if the fax number you call is busy? Without a redial feature, you must keep returning to the machine to try and try again. A machine with redial will automatically call back a busy number up to about 15 times at specific intervals. Some of the low-end systems offer manual redialing -- a user presses a redial key after receiving a busy signal. Redial is a good feature to have and can be found in some configuration on all but the least expensive systems.
* * *
Paper roll size: Paper capacity is an important consideration if you expect to receive a large number of fax transmissions. Rolls of paper come in 98-foot, 164-foot, and 328-foot sizes. Since machines are designed around the paper, a 328-foot roll will not fit in a machine built for a 98-foot roll. Select a system with a paper capacity that meets current and future requirements. Avoid the 98-footers if your receiving volume will be high or if you frequently receive multipage documents. Though changing the paper roll is a simple procedure, it can be annoying if it must be done often.
Running out of paper may delay reception of documents for hours if no one notices that the machine is down. Paper costs $7 to $12 for a 98-foot roll, $10 to $12 for a 164-foot roll, and $16 to $20 for a 328-foot roll.
* * *
Resolution: The print quality of a document is the result of the machine's resolution. This is determined by the number of dots of ink per inch, or DPI. Resolution usually starts at 98-by-98 dots and increases, at finer resolutions, to 400-by-400 dots. Some machines offer a choice of standard, fine, and superfine resolutions. Standard resolution, which has 200 DPI horizontally and 100 DPI vertically, is suitable for documents that contain only text, but higher resolution (up to 400 DPI in both directions) is necessary to enhance the readability of small print, photos, and drawings. If your company will routinely fax these materials, get a machine capable of superfine resolution.
Keep in mind that compatibility may be a factor. While most machines with standard and fine resolutions are compatible, those with even more advanced settings may work only when communicating with like units.
* * *
Gray scales: If many of the documents you fax include photos and graphics, consider the machine's ability to reproduce shades of gray, also known as halftones. Most units with this feature provide 8, 16, 32, or 64 shades of gray. The greater the number, the more detailed the reproduction.
Gray scale mode can be activated only at the transmitting unit. If your machine has this feature, the receiving unit will produce gray-scale images whether it has the gray-scale feature or not. But if your machine does not have this feature, documents you transmit will print at standard resolution, no matter how advanced the receiving fax is.
If photographs or illustrations play a major role in your business, then you'll need this feature.
* * *
Fax/telephone switch: A machine with a fax/telephone switch detects the type of call and routes it to either your fax unit or your telephone. The switch obviates the need for a dedicated phone line for the fax machine, which could save an installation charge plus $25 or so each month in line charges. But its major drawback is you can't use the telephone while receiving or sending a fax, or vice versa.
This feature is valuable only for home-based businesses, and even then only for those that don't have high phone usage. But you won't pay extra for a fax/tel switch because it is standard on many low-end machines.
* * *
Memory: The ability to store documents represents a major leap in the usefulness of fax machines. Units that can store up to 16 pages can be bought for less than $1,500, carrying about a $200 premium over machines without this feature. High-end machines may have a capacity of 100 pages or more.
Memory machines are usually found in what are known as receive-only and programmable configurations. Systems with receive-only memory store documents if the machine runs out of paper or if you wish to print them out at another time. More expensive are the programmable machines, which enable users to perform such varied tasks as confidential fax reception and delayed transmission, described below.
Most small companies would probably find memory an expensive frill. But if the functions that follow would be valuable to your operations, then buying a machine with memory may be a cost-effective decision.
* * *
Confidential Reception: Incoming faxes containing sensitive information may be seen by anyone with access to the machine -- unless your fax offers confidential reception. These units store incoming documents in memory until someone with a preassigned code or password logs on.
* * *
Delayed Transmission: No one will be in the office to send a fax when telephone rates reach their lowest levels after 11:00 p.m., but a machine with the delayed-transmission feature will do it for you. Just load documents into the automatic document feeder or into memory and set them for transmission at whatever time you'd like. Many vendors admit that this feature is seldom used, but it nonetheless could provide significant savings if used often.
* * *
Broadcasting: This feature is a must for companies that send the same document to multiple locations. Broadcasting works in any of three ways. With sequential broadcasting, a central office can transmit the same document to each of its sales offices or customers across the country from a preprogrammed list, thereby eliminating the need to keep feeding a document into the machine and dialing each office separately. Delayed broadcasting functions are similar, but transmit documents at off-peak times, providing the same benefits as delayed transmission.
Finally, relay broadcasting offers further savings by allowing a central office in, say, Philadelphia to transmit a document to a branch office in Arizona, where it is then retransmitted to other fax machines in that area. In this way the company can take advantage of local phone rates.
* * *
Batching files: Rather than sending separate documents to the same location at different times throughout the day, documents can be stored in a memory file and then transmitted together on one telephone call. Although this may save a small amount of money, it isn't nearly as cost-effective as delayed transmission.
* * *
Polling: A company with a central office that needs to access reports from each of its branch offices may find this feature useful. Documents are stored in memory or placed in the automatic document feeder at each of the branch offices. The central office fax then dials each location and receives their transmissions, eliminating the possibility of these units calling your machine and getting a busy signal. Polling would be a frill for all but a few small companies.
Strategic shopping
If you've already purchased office equipment from an office products dealer, you may want to start there, especially if you are shopping for a mid- or high-volume machine and service is a priority. Most office equipment dealers carry a wide selection of one vendor's machines. If all you need is a basic, low-end machine, try the discounters.
As with most office equipment, list prices for fax machines tend to be fictional. Russ Jacketti, vice-president of sales at WJS Enterprises, a copier and fax dealer in Metairie, La., says a bit of haggling with a dealer can get most buyers a break of 20% to 25% off list price. If you buy at an office or electronic superstore, you will pay less, but your choices will probably be narrowed to low-end machines. You'll probably pay the least through a warehouse club. Here discounts can be as much as 50%, but choices may be limited and sales support nonexistent. Warehouse clubs often sell discontinued models; while prices are low, check that replacement parts will be available for the next three to five years.
How much will it cost to operate the machine? If you use a dedicated telephone line rather than sharing the line with your telephone, you will pay monthly line charges plus the cost of each fax call. Telephone and fax calls cost the same, and should you share a line, the phone bill will not distinguish between the two. Expect to pay at least 20¢ to 30¢ a page for a long-distance transmission. In addition, you'll pay 5¢ to 7¢ a page for thermal paper and 3¢ a page for plain paper.
Now that fax has penetrated nearly every company with 100 or more employees and is rapidly becoming common in smaller businesses, those without it are missing out on a valuable tool. The essence of business is communication and facsimile is the new medium for delivering the message. By avoiding a shortsighted approach when buying, you're more likely to get a machine that delivers now and in the future.
* * *
Scott W. Cullen is an associate editor of The Office , in Stamford, Conn.
SMART TIP . . .
Don't try to save money by skimping on automatic paper cutters and feeders, speed dialing, and redial. Without these, using the fax will be so time-consuming the machine will rival the water cooler as a gathering place.
(continued) Batching
If you send documents throughout the day to the same location, you'll accumulate multiple phone charges. Batching enables you to store documents in memory and then send them all at once.
Confidential reception
If your accountant sends a sensitive memo by fax, anybody who passes by the fax machine can read it. But this feature stores documents in memory until someone with a password logs on.
Delayed transmission
You can send documents at 11:00 p.m., after phone rates go down. Delayed transmission enables you to load the fax machine and program it for transmission later.
Advanced fax machines can store documents. Models with receive-only memory store incoming documents if your machine runs out of paper. Those with programmable memory perform sophisticated tasks such as broadcasting and delayed transmission.
Do you send the same document to numerous branch offices? Instead of feeding the document into the machine each time, broadcasting enables you to load it once and let the machine do the rest.
Gray scales
Great reproduction of photos and graphics depends in large part on the number of shades of gray, or gray scales, that a fax machine is capable of printing. More gray scales produce greater contrast in the documents you receive. Most fax machines with this feature provide 8, 16, 32, or 64 shades of gray.
Speed dial and redial
The speed dial feature allows you to program a frequently called number into memory and subsequently dial it by punching just one or two digits. Redial enables the fax machine to automatically call a number again if it encounters a busy signal.
Automatic document feeder
If your employees have a lot of time on their hands, they can stand by the fax machine for 10 minutes feeding in long documents one page at a time. can buy an automatic document feeder.
Automatic paper cutter
When documents are received, employees can snip away with scissors at the continuous roll of paper that emerges. can buy an automatic paper cutter.
Paper roll
Most fax machines print documents on thermal paper, a medium universally disliked by all who make its acquaintance. Thermal paper curls, is difficult to write on, and fades. A new generation of more expensive machines uses plain paper; as the price declines over the next few years, plain- paper faxes are sure to dominate the market.
Typical price range* Features
Begin at $500 Built-in handset, redial, small document feeder.
$700 to $1,200 10-p. document feeder; 7-15-p. memory; auto paper cutter; 98-ft. paper roll; speed-dialing; autofax/tel switch;16 gray scales; super-fine mode.
$1,200 to $1,600 Heavier construction; 20-30-p. document feeder; 15-30-p. memory, 164-ft. paper roll; broadcasting; batching; 16-32 gray scales; delayed transmission.
*The "typical price" is the range of what most customers will pay; it is lower than the suggested retail price and higher than the lowest street price. Source: What to Buy for Business
The output from a typical fax machine won't win any awards for printing quality. Documents are produced by a thermal printer and arrive on coated stock that curls, fades, and is difficult to write on. Because of this, many users run their fax output through a photocopier before working on it.
The answer to this problem is at hand -- well, almost at hand. Vendors are offering fax machines that use plain paper and produce output of a quality comparable with that of a computer printer. The problem is the price tag. Today a low-end plain-paper system can be purchased for as little as $2,000, down from about $5,000 a few years ago. A plain-paper system sells for up to $1,500 more than a thermal unit with comparable features.
You have several choices in plain-paper fax machines. Those that utilize laser printing technology offer the best output and consequently are the most expensive. Lower-cost units use the same ink-jet technology as desktop ink-jet printers. While it is the least expensive way to make use of plain paper technology, some users say resolutions aren't as high and halftones are prone to a plaidlike appearance. But with some of these units selling for well under $2,000, it's an excellent option for companies that want plain-paper output.
Plain-paper fax will eventually dominate the business market and is the better investment for companies requiring the highest-quality printing. But the standard thermal fax machine is still the best choice for most small companies, which can wait for the price of plain-paper faxes to fall further.
If your office is typical, many of the documents you send out by fax machine will have been originally created on personal computers. But even if you print out the documents on the best laser printer, sending them by fax will compromise the quality on the receiving end.
Now, however, you can buy a device called a fax board to bypass your fax machine when you produce documents on computers. Fax boards fit in the expansion slot of computers. They enable users to transmit and receive documents from their computer to or from a computer or fax machine in another office.
A fax board can boost productivity by eliminating two steps: printing out a document from a computer file and then feeding it into a fax machine. It also improves print quality.
Prices range from $150 to $1,000, with some low-end units offering only transmission capability. If all your computers are linked together in a network and you want them to enjoy this capability, consider installing one fax server for the entire network. It costs about $80 a person on a 25-person network, a better buy than installing single fax boards on a handful of machines individually.
Automatic paper cutter You don't want employees spending the time trimming each page manually. A must buy.
Automatic document feeder Ten minutes feeding pages into the fax? Buy an auto feeder.
Speed dialing A great feature if you frequently send documents to the same location.
Redial A worthwhile feature: If the number you call is busy, the machine will keep calling back.
Paper roll size Fax machines come with either a 98-, 164-, or 328-foot roll of paper. You'll need at least 164 feet to avoid frequent downtime and interruptions in reception of documents.
Resolution Resolution is measured in dots per inch (DPI). 200-by-100 DPI is standard and adequate for sending text. For small print, photos, and graphics, go with fine resolution, 400-by-400 DPI.
Gray scales You may have a choice of 8, 16, 32, or 64 shades of gray. If you will be faxing photos or illustrations, go for 32 or 64 shades.
Fax/telephone switch This is good for sole proprietors working out of their home, but other companies should dedicate a separate phone line to the fax. So the fax/tel switch isn't needed.
Memory Receive-only memory stores documents if the machine runs out of paper. Faxes with this feature cost about $1,500, a $200 premium over machines without it. Most small companies won't miss it.
Fax machines with programmable memory give you the features outlined below.
Confidential reception If you receive sensitive documents over your fax lines and want to restrict access, get this feature.
Delayed transmission Sending documents late at night can save a lot of money. It's worthwhile -- if you organize people to use it.
Broadcasting If you often send the same document to multiple locations, consider this feature. You load the fax machine once and avoid feeding the document into the machine each time.
Batching files This may be useful if you have a high volume of transmissions to the same destination. Probably not worth paying for, but may be included among other memory functions.
Polling This memory feature may have some utility for companies that have many branch offices. Otherwise, it's a frill.
* * *
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Saturday, December 21, 2013
SSL_read: wrong version number
I've been getting this error with two parts of an application where I am using Action::Mailer. My certs are up-to-date, I have my configs set up seems that a lot of others are having the same problem, and I see a lot of "try this" answers to the problem, but no real answers. I see there are a lot of others who are getting the same error. I have tried almost all of the other answers out there without resolution.
My solution? I knew that a version of the application was working on an ubuntu server and it was not getting SSL errors in the ONE part of the app that has a mailer, but I needed to be able to see if 1) the SSL error was unique to this new part of the app, or to my machine, and 2) if the rest of this feature was at all functional, and I could not tell since I could not get beyond the SSL errors. So, I cloned my repo to an ubuntu instance I had running on AWS. It worked. Despite the cert updates on my machine, it turns out it was the cause of the SSL errors. I suspect it may be an OS X firewall issue, but I will look into that later. I'd rather be coding and building things.
One thing I needed to make sure I had set properly was this line in the config/environments/development.rb file:
config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: "your server address" }
Since this is the address that the mailer uses to configure the link in the reset email, it needs to be able to find the password_resets/edit<authtoken> view on your server.
I'm not a security expert, but if you're having a similar error with a mailer -- especially using the mail_form gem or Ryan Bates' Password Reset episode, ping me!
Monday, December 16, 2013
Manage Your Productivity With This Application!
I recently discovered RescueTime. It's a free application that allows you to set productivity goals and monitors how you use your time on your computer, then graphs it all out for you to see just how you spend your time. Not just on the web, but it also monitors the different applications on your computer, and activities related to them.
Thursday, December 12, 2013
My Little Secret: I'm in a dev bootcamp!
I'm not sure why I'm a little secretive about it -- Do I not want to let anyone in on this good thing? Am I afraid it will prove to be a waste of my time and I will fail?
I'm not sure. But I do know it has been a good thing so far. I'll tell you more about it, but first: some background.
Why did I wait so long?
In my journey making the career transition back to technology and updating my skills, I have had to deal with an issue many people do: I have to work. I have to work in a field that is, in many ways completely different from being a coder in a corporate setting. I emphasize the word "corporate" because I do have a friend who is always heading off to somewhere like Tahoe, or Mexico, or Russia, or Japan. When I teasingly asked him "Don't you ever work?", he replied "I can work remotely." But I digress...In many ways it is similar. For more on that, see my earlier post on Bodywork and debugging code.
I've been largely self-taught, though I've taken some workshops here and there. Unfortunately, not knowing with certainty whether I am doing things correctly or not -- which you can really only learn by working on a group project with more experienced people -- really didn't help my level of confidence. I would freeze in technical interviews and forget things, kicking myself after ward -- because I knew that I KNEW the answer. I tried to be humble about what I knew, and expressed that I was not the most confident and needed to be in a situation where I could get some mentorship and guidance and exposure to best practices. I assured hiring managers I would be up and running within a couple of weeks as a reliable contributor. I knew exactly what I needed, and what I could offer. Maybe the problem was that I could articulate it too well? I can't tell you how many hiring managers rejected me, saying that they wanted someone more senior (even though they were seeking junior devs). I knew other, more junior developers that had been hired, so that still did not discourage me. I needed to be in a situation with other developers to see where I am at and if I am headed in the right direction.
There are a plethora of these bootcamp programs out there now, churning out Jr. Devs. The two biggest benefits that I can see from the outside are that
1. You get job connections. A lot of companies now go to these schools to find jr. devs rather than trying to find them in the wild without knowing what they're getting, and
2. The opportunity to work in an intensive structured environment guided by a veteran of the industry is extremely valuable for so many reasons: You learn best practices. You get comfortable working with a team. You end up with a completed project. You get to write meaningful code and solve problems every day. It's a simulated work environment, if you will.
Are they worth it?
Nevertheless, they're expensive, and you have to essentially put your life on hold for 10 weeks. Sure, some are subsidized by their relationships with employers, but most require at least a down payment. You can't work at a paying job. They're for people who have some savings or are having someone support them while they attend. That is not a realistic option for everyone, and it was not for me. I need to work to support myself.
I asked myself: Are they even that great? I had been leading a loose-knit group that would get together to solve Project Euler problems, and I would see recent grads that could type code and recall syntax well enough, but could not grasp how to approach breaking down the problems into small enough steps to be able to solve it. But yet, these guys were getting jobs.
I had also recently heard a professional theorizing that the quality of the education has suffered in these for-profit bootcamps. That when they are new, they're great. Then, once word gets out about how great they are, class sizes are no longer limited as strictly, resources and instructors are strained -- and the quality of the graduates suffers. And then, there is this -- a proclamation that dev bootcamps are scams.
Even if I could find a way to do one of the dev bootcamps, would I really want to be one of the masses trying to cram their way in -- to be scammed? Admittedly, I tend to be a skeptic when it comes to the over-hyped anyway.
Another Option
When I heard that Bay Area Video Coalition was now offering one in the evenings, I jumped on it. I could still work, go to my classes in the evening, then do homework on the weekends and some days during the week!
There were some assessments, but really just to test the fundamentals of writing very simple code. There were 70 applicants for 10 open seats in the class. My chances were 1:7 that I would be accepted. I was actually not hopeful. I completed my application and interviewed on a Thursday. The first class was on the following Monday. It was very last minute.
Friday I received an email that I was accepted. I quickly rearranged my schedule for the next 12 weeks and committed all of my evenings and Saturdays to class.
How's it going so far?
Well, it includes primarily Ruby on Rails, configuring and deploying to AWS EC2 and ubuntu servers, and introduction to node.js and mongodb, some javascript, a lot of working so far with google maps APIs...and of course working with a team of people. It's a diverse group -- in age, experience and background. I am one of the more experienced people in the class when it comes to working with Ruby on Rails, but the guys with the PHP backgrounds are kind of killing it. I not only learn from my instructor, but from them as well. In turn, I help some of the more junior people.
The instructor is a veteran of the development industry, a CS guy, and while he has worked with Rails in the past, is currently working with SCALA. His style is a little academic -- which is refreshing. I've been spending a lot of time with people from SFRuby, and while I have made some good friends and there are a few CS people in the community, most of the people I know are also self taught or come from different educational backgrounds -- like philosophy. He really breaks things down to the binary, which I like. He's also really good at working with all of the different personalities.
He has not been a part of the hacker community I have been a part for years now, so his perspective on coding is a little different. With RoR, things can be done many ways, but since I also have a bit of a background in art & design, I'm big on being able to justify why I executed things the way I did. Why does this need to be a rails project? Why do we need to have a session? Can things be simpler? It is helpful to have a different perspective, though I have also been consulting my experienced friends about what I'm being taught -- I've gotten mixed reactions from them (who knows why), but for the greater part, my instructor rocks.
How have I grown so far? I would say I've have gotten more comfortable with AWS deployments for sure. I've expanded my understanding of git tools -- especially when it comes to collaboration. I feel like I am actually able to apply the things, that in theory I knew I knew, but just had not had a chance to use. I am working on a team.
Watch this space for updates int the next few weeks. I'll be done in January. In the mean time, I am available for hire during the day. Whether or not I end up actually being a developer, having coding skills -- along with people skills -- is invaluable in today's corporate world.
Please comment if you can relate, have questions, or you just appreciate my writing about this! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.979485273361206}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '85108', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SJJQGDRPWDFAK2FMUT5LG5PHLJUTIUSL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7388d409-40bb-4953-9e3e-bc1436d0a96f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 23, 18, 42, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.8.1', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BYW456XJOQWQ632HATN7L36WHZNQCVQ4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:40e16c7c-7034-4c3d-9d9a-c52912937674>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://maryfjenn.blogspot.com/2013/12/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:937d137f-561a-4fd7-896e-31eb06f414e8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1769', 'url': 'http://maryfjenn.blogspot.com/2013/12/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-224-210.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-22\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.039253056049346924', 'original_id': '295713e5c62a5d0eef8510d941541b3dce157998269a9f2eb9eb6c168fcb9465'} |
Afrisoft Africa has successfully implemented TransLution™ Software at a number of Astrapack sites. The latest of these is Marcom, a manufacturer of thin walled injection-moulded tubs, containers, lids and cups for the dairy industry.
At Marcom, TransLution™ is used to assist in managing Job Receipts when production is completed, as well as to track pallets of products. Afrisoft also utilised TransLution™ to develop an accurate stocktake process.
To facilitate job tracking, TransLution™ prints a number of unique job labels in advance. Users specify the job number and the number of labels to print. As boxes of finished product are produced, a box label is applied to each box and scanned. This scan posts a job receipt directly to SYSPRO.
Multiple boxes are scanned onto a single pallet which can then be moved around by scanning one pallet barcode instead of each box barcode.
The pallets are placed into transit and, on arrival at the finished goods warehouse, they are taken out of transit in SYSPRO and stored in a finished goods bin. There is also a function to move pallets between bins and update the stock movements directly in SYSPRO.
The final part of the project assists in managing stock accuracy. TransLution™ Software supports both stocktake and cycle-count functionality where users scan either selected locations (cycle count) or the entire warehouse (stocktake). A supervisor then views and validates the scanned data and the data is posted directly to SYSPRO.
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HUUB events
I thought cycling was good for me?!!
Injury prevention in cycling
So you’ve all the gear and only a vague idea; you’ve started cycling, training hard for the Cycle Derby Sportive, and you’re loving it… then some injuries start creeping in and you start to think ‘I thought this cycling malarkey was meant to be good for me!!’
Well, it is! But there are a few handy hints and tips we have for you to make sure that you last a bit longer past the Spring Sportive! With clickable exercise gifs you really have no excuse!!!
Definiton: The ability to maintain a state of stableness, the property of a body that causes it when disturbed from a condition of equilibrium or steady motion to develop forces or moments that restore the original condition.
There are two main points that require good stability in order to put less strain on the rest of your body: your pelvis (and core muscles) and your shoulders (and shoulder-blade muscles).
Lower body stability: Because cyclists spend all their time bent forward, I often find their glutes don’t work as well as they should. The glutes attached around the pelvis all do different jobs:
The big one at the back is the Gluteus Maximus (GMax), and it is in charge of extending your hip (moving your hip backwards).
Gluteus Medius (GMed) is a little bit further around the side of your pelvis and its main job is to help control the side to side movement of the pelvis and also control the direction in which your knees face. Your core (not your six pack muscles!) helps to keep your spine supported while still being mobile.
If GMax doesn’t work properly I often see people with lower back or hamstring issues resulting, as both areas try and pick up where GMax is lacking.
If GMed doesn’t work properly I tend to see people with back pain, groin pain, knee pain, and sometimes even ankle/ foot pain resulting.
Core stabilisers are made up of your diaphragm on top (no holding your breath!), transversus abdominis which wraps around you like a brace, multifidus which runs between each little bone of the spine and your pelvic floor, which is not only responsible for stopping you wet yourself (men and women!) but also adding to the stability of the whole system.
If your core doesn’t work efficiently I often see people with back or hip pain resulting
Training these areas: (Click on each exercise to watch a brief video!)
Gmax: Bridges ,single leg bridges , squats, deadlifts, single leg deadliftssplit squats, step-ups, lunges (All of these can be done with weights)
Gmed: Clams (can do with theraband), side leg lifts (can do with theraband), curtseys, sumo walks (with band)
Core: Ball work (Exercise 1, Exercise 2, Exercise 3, Exercise 4, Exercise 5, Exercise 6), planks, BOSU work (Exercise 1A&B, Exercise 2A&B)
Around the clock exercise (Great for core and pelvis).
Hamstring (can do with a straight leg too)
Hip flexors
Upper body stability: Obviously the more stable your upper body is, the safer you are on the bike, but also the less the rest of you needs to compensate.
Your serratus anterior (SAnt) muscle helps to keep your shoulderblades under control and keep them flat against your chest wall. They are great stabilisers particularly when you’re weightbearing through your arms.
Your rotator cuff (the infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis in the picture above!) helps control where your arm and your shoulder blade is.
The deltoid muscle is the big chunky one on the outside which is your power muscle around all the delicate structures of your shoulder. This needs to work hard when the going gets tough and the hill gets nasty and everything wants to give up!
Your trapezius (all of the parts of it) are in charge of your shoulderblade position in terms of going up/ down and in.
Your big pectoralis muscles on the front of your chest also help with the control of your arm and shoulderblade. This is a big meaty muscle and is also your champion when the going gets tough to help you control your upper body.
Training these areas:
SAnt: Push plus, weighted punches
Rotator Cuff: Cables/ Theraband exercises
Deltoids: Weights/ theraband
Traps: Wall angels (make sure your back is flat against the wall along with your forearms), pull downs (yes these work your lats too), shrugs
Pecs: Chest press (weights machine), press ups, planks, plank to press up
Good whole body exercises:
Superman’s over a ball
Plank to press-up
BOSU planks
BOSU press ups
BOSU mountain climber series: Exercise 1a and 1b, Exercise 2a and 2b
These are only just a suggestion for you, and by no means the Holy Grail, but I never met anyone who didn’t feel better being stronger, and it definitely will make a difference on the bike.
Best of luck with your cycling this year!
Lead Physio
The Derbyshire Sporting Joint | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9243761897087096}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '67621', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SCBSY3MESWV6VC45WWU6GMVQ7KH2XPFX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:35f9b5c7-88f3-4cd1-998b-2be274d00c01>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 20, 5, 7, 13), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.49.23.144', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:34A3ZX3DSEN3MOFUJBATACXMURPGYPJO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:025b9f1f-be43-4e54-b456-495129e65bd4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.thesportingjoint.com/blog/tag/HUUB+events', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4cc890eb-4a37-46ec-82b3-028900c0366b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '805', 'url': 'http://www.thesportingjoint.com/blog/tag/HUUB+events', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-105-77.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.029939889907836914', 'original_id': 'ecee5a124dce4408656bc8ed59597d439254c39ba4154bf75e7602086b4a77fd'} |
So apparently the data is inconclusive (whether I'm feeling BLAH about shows because I feel crappy or if the shows have been crappy), because while I didn't hate this episode I didn't really love/enjoy it either. Though up until the very end I was enjoying it quite a bit more than this weeks Supernatural.
The Vampire Diaries 4x22 The Walking Dead
You know I'm starting to think Plec for whatever reason has some kind of fucked up Elena love going on, because even with emotions on Elena is still tedious. At this point, about half-way through the episode, I find myself thinking that Bonnie damn well better make Katherine immortal, because if this version of Elena kills Katherine then I think I'm pretty much done with this show. Plus, I'd like to see dumbassElena stake Katherine and then Katherine opening her eyes and being all like "I'll be damned, Bonnie did it!" Then Elena can get all pissed at Bonnie and then Bonnie can just finally kill Elena and then Katherine can go be on The Originals (because goodness knows that show already being weighed down by Hayley and annoying baby needs something happening for it) and finally all is well.
Oh, and other stuff has happened so far, but to be honest all I care about right now is how the Bonnie/Katherine stuff plays.
Oh wait - turns out I care about Alaric/Damon - Bonnie dropped the veil and here's Alaric ready to help Damon. GAH! I don't remember liking Damon/Alaric this much, but it's pretty much all good here.
And now that I'm paying attention why is Matt and Bekka together in a cozy little room - Oh! I guess they're inside the triangle because here's Kol. And I know I remember finding Kol tedious, but somehow I seem to like him better now than I did before.
And now oh yay here is Elena once again doing her level best to fuck things up. Why the hell does Plec keep doing this shit with Elena? No, I'm serious. WHY? What in the ever loving hell is it you like so much about this Elena, because she sucks ass.
And now we're back to Silas and Bonnie and Silas reveals that he's just been fucking with Bonnie, and all I can think is "who cares?" Can we just allow this crappy season to finally limp across the finish line already? PLEASE.
I mean despite the fact that I'm tired of Elena and Silas, this was still a pretty good episode. Bekka helping Caroline and Elena perhaps finally starting to actually get her brains back. Oh, and Silas pointing out something Bonnie should've remembered - Q wants Silas with him forever so why should she help Bonnie? Though I am a bit disappointed that Bonnie hadn't broken away from Silas on the other hand it led to a scene where Grams smacks (not literally) some sense into Bonnie, so it wasn't all bad.
Actually the episode itself wasn't all bad, and I don't know if this is the case or not but this episode gave me hope that season five will happily leave season four behind and start a-fresh and a-new. If it wasn't for that I'd probably spend more time bitching about some of the stuff in this episode, but honestly I just don't feel like it so for now I'm just gonna wrap myself in hope for a better season in five and let (for now) my unhappiness with season four go.
Or not! It was going so well up until all the annoying hunters returned and Bonnie dying. We're never going to escape season four are we? And for the record I am more unhappy about the annoying hunters returning than I am Bonnie dying. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9693228006362916}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '37332', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:RB6CXRSZERTZRPR25UKP3YSXIG5JSSVW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5c7387fb-3164-4a7b-bbfc-0e9a3e12b132>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 12, 34, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.93.0.128', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HQNQJN2J2XIBYUZMIBY2FZQ35WSYAESX', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:82dd23c3-645b-42e3-b841-c7ae04154135>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://queenettefallon.livejournal.com/145786.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:cdc81dae-1e2d-4960-bf8b-0bf636f86bfe>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '619', 'url': 'http://queenettefallon.livejournal.com/145786.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04868006706237793', 'original_id': '60b8294ce164cfce85d42c2d1586b4d1a01eb17e01935e6163d42b71485ebdc3'} |
Called all kinds of names - hall bathroom, powder room, guest bath, half bath, little's girl's or boy's room, it's probably the smallest room in your home. And, all too often, it's the most blandly decorated room in our home. And worse still, it's probably the room most often frequented by your guests!
So, why not let your imagination and creativity flow into overtime! Make a bold statement in the room! Work on creating a focal point. It's not uncommon for these small room to have no window, and let's face it, there's not much beautiful about a toilet and vanity.
1. Start with the vanity. Replacing a plain laminate top with a beautiful granite surface might be just ticket! Or, how about considering some of the handsome furniture pieces that are not only graciously designed but fully functional as well. They are totally designed to give a small powder room a fabulous focal point.,
2. Dramatic wallpaper could certainly reduce the boxy feeling these small rooms are typically known. Think about selecting something exciting and spectacular!! Today's faux finish wallcoverings come complete with embedded jewels and crystals! Just think of the drama you can create.
3. Your flooring! How about replacing that vinyl with a new laminate or tile floor. Even a multi-patterned area rug, might add just the right touch to this oft used space.
So how about it! Get up right now and go and look in your powder room. Could it use a little makeover - or a large redo? If so, give us a call, and let us help you create a room that your guests will be unable to stop raving about!
MORE FROM Dream It. Design It.
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Plastic Waste To Fuel: A New Chemical Process That Could Replace Fossil Fuels
Researchers at Purdue University developed new technology that can convert 90% of polypropylene waste into high-quality fuels. Without finding ways to deal with the plastic waste we produce, we will be continuously damaging the Earth, especially because these plastics are non-biodegradable and dangerous when ingested.
In 2018, the United Nations estimated that 8 million tons of plastic waste ends up in the ocean every year, and by 2050, there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish. Because of this, the UN launched an initiative to target plastic waste. The global initiative, however, can only reach its goals with innovative technology and policies that will change consumers’ behavior.
Via: Pixabay, hhach
Linda Wang, the leader of the development team, was inspired to create the technology after she learned about the gravity of the effects of plastic pollutants. She discovered that over the past 65 years, 8.3 billion tons of plastic waste was produced, and only 12% of that has been incinerated and 9% recycled; everything else ended up in landfills or in the ocean. The plastics degrade very slowly, and small amounts of toxic microplastics pollute the land and water. Once a lot more end up in our oceans, the effects could be irreversible.
RELATED: Endangered Baby Sea Turtles Rescued After Getting Caught In Plastic
The technology targets polypropylene waste: a plastic that is used for packaging and making toys. Through selective extraction and hydrothermal liquefaction, the plastics are turned into naphtha, a flammable oil. This can then be used as feedstock for other chemicals, or it can be further processed and separated into other products. As of the current stage of technological development, the fuel that is derived from this process could satisfy 4% of our annual demand for gasoline.
Via: Pixabay, PublicDomainPictures
Wang and her team have patented the technology, and they hope to work with the recycling industry to significantly reduce the amount of plastic waste that ends up in landfills or thrown in the ocean. As of now, she is looking for more partners and investors to help demonstrate and market the process to the commercial world. Those who choose to help fund this technology are not only able to generate income from the rising green energy industry but also aid an important cause. If we are to invest in our future, then we need to fund important projects like this.
RELATED: Man Invents Plastic Bag That Dissolves In Just Three Minutes
Exclusive Interview: Stephanie Czajkowski Talks Her Powerful Roles In "Doom Patrol" and "Breakthrough"
More in Geeky | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9268258810043336}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '65337', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YFYVGWAPKG73SHXT7V3L7EG2RBZDIEX7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9d564dba-d5ab-4ec9-9301-0151771dc646>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 24, 5, 5, 46), 'WARC-IP-Address': '34.224.113.238', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VPTG2243F4GIFHUPM6YQGMTCMT5HRQDO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:bf87552b-1af8-4c5e-aa47-1905cece4dfb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.thethings.com/plastic-waste-new-chemical-process-replace-fossil-fuels/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:31e1dd83-3ba1-490e-8b5b-b320933ab4c7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '430', 'url': 'https://www.thethings.com/plastic-waste-new-chemical-process-replace-fossil-fuels/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-226-231.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.2008669376373291', 'original_id': '37db4d6b4ec8c2d1c6fcdcc092deb7bfa97b96a5e9bc0c3a8dd0f36a361492e9'} |
How Rwandan Genocide Survivor Immaculee Ilibagiza Found Forgiveness for Her Family’s Killer
Image: Courtesy of Imaculee Ilibigaza
Image: Courtesy of Imaculee Ilibigaza
In many accounts of the Rwandan genocide, the church is cast as complicit in the killings that took one million lives in a country the size of Maryland. Indeed, since 1994, United Nations tribunals have found many church leaders guilty of murdering neighbors or aiding Hutu in hunting down Tutsi and moderate Hutu.
But Immaculee Ilibagiza, a Tutsi, has a Hutu pastor to thank for saving her life.
When Ilibagiza was 23, Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana’s plane was shot down over the Kigali airport, inciting Hutu–Tutsi violence the country over. In response, Ilibagiza’s father sent her to hide with the pastor, who took in seven other women and hid them in his family’s three-by-four-foot bathroom. They stayed there for 91 days while Hutu militia came by the house daily searching for Tutsi. The bathroom became the setting for Ilibagiza’s test of faith and forgiveness, which began by praying the Lord’s Prayer many times a day.
When I visited Rwanda this summer (with HOPE International, a microfinance nonprofit based in Pennsylvania), I was told to avoid asking two questions: “What tribe do you belong to?” and “What was the genocide like for you?” Rwandans—who have enjoyed a remarkable level of peace and stability under president Paul Kagame—see the topics as unnecessarily divisive. Yet Ilibagiza speaks openly about both so that others may know that forgiveness is possible and can heal both offender and offendee.
Ilibagiza spoke recently at the 2017 Willow Creek Leadership Summit. Afterward, she sat down with CT to share about the process of forgiving the man who killed her entire family.
You grew up in a Catholic family and learned about faith at a young age. You are also Tutsi. Growing up, did you know about the conflict in your country and hear the propaganda against the Tutsi?
When I was a child, I knew, but it was almost hidden. If you spoke about this as a Tutsi, they could kill you; you’re trying to go against the government. It’s not like here in the United States where people talk about how they feel. I didn’t even know what tribe I was in until the fourth grade. We heard there were wars where they killed some family members, but when you haven’t lived through it, you really don’t get it.
I was 23 when the genocide started. When I was 18 or 19, we started to hear that things were bad. There was a radio created by the leaders of the country. For two years, the hosts acted like they were drunk. Then I was sure something terrible was about to happen. They would tell people, “One day we are going to kill them. The Tutsi aren’t human beings.” They would laugh at us—“They have tails and horns.” But no one was stopping them. I remember thinking, Rwanda is normally a country where people love each other, where people are polite and manners are something you really put ahead, you can’t find people who even use bad words. But now people are acting drunk.
How do you get up in the morning and start to kill someone? How do you kill another human being? It was bewildering.
Your father knew a minister who was Hutu, and he sheltered you and seven other women in the bathroom of his house during the genocide. What was going through your mind and heart when you were hiding?
First, I’m so thankful my parents prayed and taught us prayer. Throughout the whole genocide I prayed. Before, nothing was so bad in my life that I wondered if God was there. There were two stages of prayer. I started praying, but I would forget what I was saying because of the anxiety: “Our Father who art in heaven . . . I’m dying; they’re coming!” Then the time when I realized God was there for sure, I started to pray loud inside myself, because it was the only thing I had.
What else was going through my mind? “Look, we’re done; they’re going to kill us.” The Hutu were hunting us so we were scared to death and had anger. I remember just wishing not being born inside Rwanda.
A part of me was thinking, I’m going to get revenge. Revenge for me was going to be throwing bombs all over the country, and I knew that doing that, I had to train my body and go on and fight. And I thought that was going to make me a hero—I didn’t think of revenge as wrong. But it did hurt. It physically hurt me. I had a headache and a stomachache, and my blood was running out of anger. It became obsessive. Anger and hatred become obsessive. Like a sickness literally, and it came for me. I was tired.
Click here to read more.
SOURCE: Christianity Today
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What is Kanban?
This post is co-authored by Excella Agile experts Paul Boos and Ken Furlong. Ken will first address what Kanban is in the first portion of the post, while Paul will use the second portion to address some example situation where Kanban is especially useful. What is Kanban? In this blog post, we’re going to talk […]
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May 24, 2016
What is Kanban?
In this blog post, we’re going to talk about Kanban (note the capital K). We’re going to refrain from defining it until later, though. The reason will become clear after some initial exposition.
To begin, Kanban (capital K) is based on kanban (lower case k). The latter is a workflow mechanism popularized and refined in Lean manufacturing and the Toyota Production System. Simply put, a kanban is a signal from a downstream person/team/system (let’s call it an ‘agent’) to an upstream person/team/system (agent). The signal tells the upstream agent two things:
1. The downstream agent has completed something. This completion consumed an input that the upstream agent provides.
2. Therefore, the upstream agent should produce a replacement input for the downstream agent so that production can continue.
Kanban (capital K) as used in the Product Development space has two principle tenets, both of which follow logically from the idea of a kanban (lower case k):
1. Visualize your workflow.
2. Limit work-in-progress (WIP).
Let’s unpack each of those.
Visualizing Your Workflow
Visualize your workflow means exactly what it says – create a visual representation or model of your workflow. There are different ways of doing this, such as creating a process diagram:
The most common and, in my opinion, useful, is a series of columns representing the progression of stages within a workflow. This is called a Kanban board:1
Implicit in this tenet is that you also visualize the work within the workflow. This is why a Kanban board is a better visualization – it accommodates visualizing the work far better than a process diagram:
Kanban advocates visualizing your workflow for two very simple reasons:
1. Different people in the organization likely have different understandings of what the workflow is.
2. Visualization more effectively conveys information. You may read this and think “That’s silly. What difference would this possibly make?” I challenge you to try it. You’ll be surprised by the difference it makes to you and your colleagues.
Limiting Your Work in Progress
The second tenet of Kanban is to limit the amount of work in progress (WIP). The simplest way to do this is to put constraints on the number of work items that can be in a given stage simultaneously. These limits are also visualized on the Kanban board:
Limiting WIP is based on a similarly simple fact: having fewer things in progress simultaneously is almost always more effective and more efficient than having many things in progress. While a lot of folks intuitively believe that multi-tasking makes them more productive, it actually does the reverse. Interestingly, I say that multi-tasking is intuitive but the reverse is also intuitive. Imagine, for instance, you go up to the customer service desk in a retail store. Now imagine that the only clerk is helping 10 customers simultaneously. Intuitively, as a customer, you understand that it will be faster and more satisfying if they handled each customer one at a time. They wouldn’t spend some much time bouncing back and forth between different customers and would resolve each customer’s issue more quickly. For those who prefer data, there have been multiple studies in recent years proving that multitasking does incur a serious productivity drain.
Now that we have a basic understanding of Kanban, let’s turn it over to Paul to see some situations in which it is particularly useful.
When is Kanban Useful?
So, as Ken mentioned, this is a great way to visualize your work. With that basis, let’s continue on to where Kanban may be useful…. Essentially, you can use it in any place where continuous observation of the work system is beneficial. OK, I know that sounds general so let’s go with some specific examples.
1. Software Maintenance
Perhaps the place I have found Kanban most useful is in software maintenance activities. These are usually smallish pieces of development work that continuously stream in. It allowed me to start with what my system looked like and see where improvements could be made. This is the way I improved the maintenance activities at EPA’s Office of Pesticides. The advantage of visualizing the workflow allowed me and the team to identify and communicate to management where the real bottlenecks in our system were, as opposed to generalizations that maintenance development was too slow.
2. Managing Multiple Teams
If you happen to manage multiple teams; each team may have a similar workflow with slight differences. If you are interested in some common process metrics, the usual way is to force every team to use a standard process. This can sub-optimize the work being done by each team due to the differences in their respective contexts. If teams have deployed Kanban, you can get common metrics like lead time and throughput without demanding they all standardize their process. You can also quickly understand these subtle differences between teams and still understand their flow of work (even with the differences) as they are all visualized on their Kanban boards.
3. Improving on Scrum
Kanban can be helpful to put in place by a team using Scrum (so useful in fact that Excella is setting up a course about this). They can model the workflow occurring within each Sprint and then establish a Kanban board to visualize it. After doing so, process improvements can become more apparent. A frequent dysfunction is for a team to pull in too much work as soon as it starts an iteration. A Kanban board can really make this problem apparent as the team struggles through this. The team can then retrospect on what they see and establish the proper WIP limits for a consistent throughput.
4. Improving Collaboration
If you are a team ingrained with a traditional sequential approach and in particular one that relies heavily on specialists through this process, Kanban can provide a way to evolve to something more smooth flowing and collaborative. Leaving the process and roles in place and only breaking work down into smaller and smaller batches over time (effectively cranking down the WIP limit) can increase productivity. It can also increase collaboration with your customer since they get involved more often through each cycle of ever smaller and smaller batches.
5. Managing Continuous Intake
Any team or group that has a continuous flow of incoming work that follows a similar process each time can find this useful. Some of these may be help desks that analyze and respond to issues reported, back-end infrastructure activities (such as deploying environments), or DevOps development flow.
6. Providing Insight to Leaders
Also, when work is abstracted such that the flow is similar for different product development streams, such as can occur in a Portfolio of Epics or Features, Kanban can be very useful in understanding the performance of the system at a high level for executives and managers. They may suddenly realize having too many projects in flight in the organization is causing the equivalent of organizational multitasking of whole teams! Management may now see that limiting the number of projects they take on simultaneously can provide more focus on getting quality products out more rapidly.
This phenomenon of teams being able to improve their processes and work by visualizing their workflow and limiting their WIP finally brings us full circle to how we define Kanban. Ken could have started this blog post by defining it as “a workflow management framework based on Lean principles.” While that may have been accessible to people, it would have missed the deeper purpose and power of Kanban. Fundamentally, Kanban is a change management tool.
We hope you have found this post useful and we encourage you to learn more about it. Two great books to read are Kanban by David J. Anderson and Lean from the Trenches by Henrik Kniberg.
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Study Materials
NCERT Solutions for Class 8th Science
Page 2 of 5
Chapter 10. Reaching the age of adolescence
Text Book Exercise
1. What is the term used for secretions of endocrine glands responsible for changes taking place in the body?
Answer : The term used for secretions of endocrine glands is hormoane which is responsible for various changes taking place in the body.
2. Define adolescence.
Answer : The period of life when the body undergors changes, leading to reproductive maturity, is called adolescence.
3. What is menstruation? Explain.
Answer : When the uterus receives the egg and it is fertilized, pregnacy occurs. If fertilization does not occur, the released egg and the thickened lining of the uterus along with its blood vesssels are shed off. This causes bleeding in women which is called menstruation.
4. List changes in the body that take place at puberty.
Answer : The onset of puberty brings about :
(i) Growth of the reproductive organs which begin to function. (ii) Hair grows at various places of the body. Breasts develop in girl and facial hair (moustache and beard) apper in boys.
(iii) Voice of the boys becomes hoarse as voice box enlarges during adolescence.
5. Prepare a Table having two columns depicting names of endocrine glands and hormones secreted by them.
Name of endocrine glands Hormones secreted
testes Testosterone
Ovary Estrigen
Adrenal Adrenalin
Thyroid glands Thyroxine
Pituitary FSH or Fillicle atimulating hormonre
Pancreas Insulin
6. What are sex hormones? Why are they named so? State their function.
7. Choose the correct option.
(i) proper diet develops their brains.
(iii) adolescents feel hungry all the time.
(iv) taste buds are well developed in teenagers.
(b) Reproductive age in women starts when their
(i) menstruation starts.
(ii) breasts start developing.
(iii) body weight increases.
(iv) height increases.
(c) The right meal for adolescents consists of
(i) chips, noodles, coke.
(ii) chapati, dal, vegetables.
(iii) rice, noodles and burger.
(iv) vegetable cutlets, chips and lemon drink.
8. Write notes on—
(a) Adam’s apple.
(b) Secondary sexual characters.
(c) Sex determination in the unborn baby.
Page 2 of 5
Chapter Contents: | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '23', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8420838713645935}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '38227', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QXY5IX23YGPVIBUUIOUH7STV7PAI7SJH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c4ff0126-14ff-4431-ad05-29ee550ddfc6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 20, 44, 44), 'WARC-IP-Address': '148.66.137.24', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:SL6GEI32HOJ7YLXVF4BLXRXFBEVSOL4A', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:fe0faaae-1291-4a98-b1f3-e500a3ec50ff>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.apurvainstitute.in/study-materials/ncert-solutions/chapters/home.php?tab=ncert_book&class=8&subject=Science&medium=english&chapter=10.%20Reaching%20the%20age%20of%20adolescence&page=2', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:39ff22d1-9926-4da1-96f0-efb42f65bc8c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '350', 'url': 'https://www.apurvainstitute.in/study-materials/ncert-solutions/chapters/home.php?tab=ncert_book&class=8&subject=Science&medium=english&chapter=10.%20Reaching%20the%20age%20of%20adolescence&page=2', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-154-78-3.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.8726474642753601', 'original_id': '24410c06aba987407f2a13958ddef2c524a4fd77d8da51ba82bc7f889b5d906a'} |
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Assumption is the mother of all screw-ups.
Teamwork is essential – it allows you to blame someone else.
Don't worry too much about what people think, because they seldom do.
Never underestimate the power of stupid people in large groups.
A little boy, at a wedding looks at his mom and says, "mommy, why does the girl wear white?" his mom replies, "the bride is in white because she's happy and this is the happiest day of her life." the boys thinks about this, and then says, "well then, why is the boy wearing black?…"
Earth is the insane asylum for the universe.
If you are going through hell, keep going.
Be good – and if you can't be good, be careful.
Okay, so God made man first, but doesn't everyone make a rough draft before they make a masterpiece?
Everyone has the ability of making someone happy, some by entering the room, others by leaving it.
Never buy a car you can't push.
If it's stupid but works, it isn't stupid.
Guys: No Shirt, No Service Gals: No Shirt, No Charge
If at first you don't succeed, redefine success.
Smoking is one of the leading causes of statistics.
I'm not a complete idiot, some parts are missing.
Most people don't act stupid -- it's the real thing.
Raising a kid is part joy and part guerrilla warfare.
God must love stupid people, he made so many.
When I am sad, I sing, and then the world is sad with me.
Don't knock on death's door, ring the doorbell and run- he hates that.
Reality is a hallucination brought on by lack of alcohol.
If everything seems to be going right, you obviously don’t know what the hell is going on.
If you’re not confused, you don’t have all the facts
Man invented language to satisfy his deep need to complain.
The problem with the future is it turns into the present.
People in cars cause accidents. Accidents in cars cause people.
This would be really funny if it wasn’t happening to me.
If all the cars on the Earth were lined up bumper to bumper, some idiot would try to pass them.
Too bad all the people who know how to run this country are busy running taxi cabs or cutting hair.
A clear conscience is usually the sign of a bad memory.
Some people are like Slinkies … not really good for anything, but you ca n’t help smiling when you see one tumble down the stairs.
Good girls are bad girls that never get caught.
He who smiles in a crisis has found someone to blame.
"Six in 10 Mexicans believe life is better in the United States. The other 4 out of the 10 already live here."
Guns don't kill people… but they make it real easy.
Whoever said nothing is imposible never tried slamming a revolving door!!!
A religious war is like children fighting over who has the strongest imaginary friend.
Roses are red; violets are blue; God made me pretty; what happened to you?
God will forgive me. That’s his job, after all.
A drunk man’s words are a sober man’s thoughts.
Hard work pays off in the future. Laziness pays off now!
I’m a nobody, nobody is perfect, therefore I’m perfect.
Mobile phones are the only subject on which men boast about who’s got the smallest.
Guys who have big muscles and a nice car are usually trying to make up for a lost feature.
I already know I’m going to hell, I’m just paving the road.
Men should be like Kleenex…soft, strong, and disposable.
Fine day to work off excess energy. Steal something heavy.
Always forgive your enemies. Nothing annoys them so much.
"Few women admit their age. Few men act theirs".
Get the facts first. You can distort them later.
Wise men don't need advice. Fools won't take it.
When you become senile, you won't know it.
Football is a game for trained apes. That, in fact, is what most of the players are--retarded gorillas wearing helmets and uniforms. The only thing more debased is the surrounding mob of drunken monkeys howling the gorillas on.
Democracy--rule by the people--sounds like a fine thing; we should try it sometime in America.
The missionaries go forth to Christianize the savages - as if the savages weren't dangerous enough already.
Cute but Phsyco. Things even out!
You cant spell 'Slaughter' without 'Laughter'.
Behind every powerful man, there's a woman.
If the opposite of 'pro' is 'con', then what's the opposite of 'progress'? (Congress)
Eat right, exercise, die anyway.
Stupidity killed the cat. Curiosity was framed.
Your chances of getting struck by lightning go up if you stand under a tree, shake your fist at the sky and yell "Storms Suck!"
Last night i was looking up at the stars when suddenly i wondered, "Dude, where the heck's my ceiling?"
Everyday I think people can't get any stupider. Everyday I am proven horribly wrong.
I've been given sugar. Please use this time to prepare for the end of the world.
Come join the dark side, we have cookies.
A vase is basically a flower torture device; you rip it from it's home, put it in a small container and watch it die slowly.
You plus me equals knives and blood.
This is not something to be tossed aside lightly. It should be thrown, with great force.
Always remember you're unique...just like everyone else.
You're slower than a herd of turtles stampeding through peanut butter.
Eagles may soar, but weasels don't get sucked into jet engines
I don't suffer from insanity - I enjoy every minute of it
He who laughs last thinks slowest
Love your enemies. It gets them really confused.
The trouble with life, is there's no background music.
Don't make me mad, I'm running out of places to hide the bodies.
Chaos, panic, pandemonium, my work here is done.
If two wrongs don't make a right, try three.
Never go to a doctor whose office plants have died.
If a man is standing in the middle of the forest speaking and there is no woman around to hear him... Is he still wrong?
If someone with multiple personalities threatens to kill himself, is it considered a hostage situation? And is it suicide or murder?
Is there another word for synonym?
Would a fly without wings be called a walk?
Why don't sheep shrink when it rains?
Can vegetarians eat animal crackers?
I used to eat a lot of natural foods until I learned that most people die from natural causes.
Garden Rule: When weeding, the best way to make sure you are removing a weed and not a valuable plant is to pull on it. If it comes out of the ground easily, then it was a valuable plant.
The easiest way to find something lost in the house is to buy a replacement.
Never take life to seriously. No one ever gets out alive.
Have you noticed that sense everyone has a camcorder these days no one talks about seeing UFO's like they used too?
Who was the first person to look at a cow and say,"I think I'll squeeze these dangly things and what evercomes out I'll drink"?
Who was the first person to look at a chicken and say, "See that chicken there? I'm gonna eat the next thing that comes outta it's butt."?
Why doesn't glue stick to the inside of the bottle?
Can you cry under water?
Since bread is square, then why is sandwich meat round
your thoughts"? Where's that extra penny going to? (taxes)
Why does a round pizza come in a square box?
What disease did cured ham actually have?
Why are you IN a movie, but you're ON TV?
Do illiterate people get the full effect of Alphabet soup?
Can a hearse carrying a corpse drive in the carpool lane?
What do you call male ballerinas?
what is baby oil made from?
If electricity comes from electrons, does morality come from morons?
When French people swear do they say pardon my English?
Why is it when some products you have to turn it upside down to read the directions, and the directions say do not turn upside down?
One way to figure out how things work, push all the buttons!
I'm so gangster, I carry a squirt gun.
"You know what the trouble with real life is? There's no danger music."
"He who stands on a windowsill to see how far out he can lean without falling is a moron."
"Sticks and Stones may scar my skin but words slice through my soul within"
"Don't judge a book by it's cover, nor a person by thier scars"
People will always talk about you. Might as well give them something to talk about
Secret admirers are stalkers with stationary
Don't follow me, I'm lost too
It's always the last place you look. Of course it is why would I keep looking after I've found it?
I'm sick of following my dreams, I'm just gonna ask where their going and hook up with them later
Do I have to spell it out for you or scream it in you face?
Haha. I don't get it
So what if we act like immature idiots? We're having fun.
Set sail in a genaral that way direction
Docters say I have multiple personalities. We disagree with that.
Why do we teach kids that violence is not the answer and then have them read in school about the wars that solved America's problems?
How are the force and duct tape the same?- They both have light and dark sides and hold the universe together.
The world is full of crazy people. THEY MADE ME THEIR LEADER.
"I never said I was normal... you just presumed I was."
"People say violence isn't the answer. Well, they're right. Violence is the question. The answer is 'HELL YES'."
...are there handicap parking spaces in front of ice-skating rinks
...sick people go to the back of Walgreens to get their medicine, while healthy people get their cigarettes at the front
...people buy hotdogs in packs of 10 and hotdog buns in packs of 8
...the banks leave both vaults open and then chain the pens to the counter
...people order a double cheese burger, large fries, and a diet coke
...people leave cars worth thousands of dollars in the driveways and keep their junk in garages
...people use answering machines to screen calls and then have call waiting so they won't miss the calls from someone they don't want to talk to in the first place
...is the word "politics" used to describe the process so well; "Poli-" in latin means "many" and "tics" mean "blood-sucking creatures
When you rearrange the letters:
On a Korean kitchen knife:
Warning: keep out of children.
On a child's Superman costume:
Wearing of this garment does not enable you to fly.
On an American Flag: Made in China
this is this cat
this is is cat
this is how cat
this is to cat
this is keep cat
this is a cat
this is retard cat
this is busy cat
this is for cat
this is forty cat
this is seconds cat
Girls are like
apples on trees. The best
ones are at the top of the tree.
The boys don't want to reach for
the good ones because they are afraid
of falling and getting hurt. Instead, they
just get the rotten apples from the ground
that aren't as good, but easy. So the apples
at the top think something is wrong with
them, when in reality, they're amazing.
They just have to wait for the right
boy to come along, the one
who's brave enough
to climb
all the way
to the top
of the tree.
Things that true friends would do!!
These are the things girls want a boyfriend to do...
1)When she walks away from you mad=== Follow her
2)When she stares at your lips=== Kiss her
3)When she pushes you or hits you=== Grab her and don't let go
4)When she starts cursing at you=== Kiss her and tell her you love her
5)When she's quiet=== Ask her what's wrong
6)When she ignores you=== Give her your attention
7)When she pulls away== Pull her back
8)When you see her at her worst=== Tell her she's beautiful
9)When you see her start crying== Just hold her and don't say a word
10)When you see her walking== Sneak up and hug her waist from behind
11)When she's scared=== Protect her
12)When she lays her head on your shoulder=== Tilt her head up and kiss her
13)When she steals your favorite sweatshirt== Let her keep it and sleep with it for a night
14)When she teases you=== Tease her back and make her laugh
15)When she doesn't answer for a long time=== reassure her that everything is okay
16)When she looks at you with doubt== Back yourself up with the TRUTH
17)When she says that she likes you== she really does more than you could understand
18)When she grabs at your hands=== Hold hers and play with her fingers
19)When she bumps into you=== bump into her back and make her laugh
20)When she tells you a secret=== keep it safe and untold
21)When she looks at you=== tell her that she looks cute
-I'm Sorry
Girls Don't Realize These Things
I'm sorry
that I bought you roses
to tell you that I like you
I'm sorry
That I was raised with respect
not to sleep with you when you were drunk
I'm sorry
That my body's not ripped enough
to "satisfy" your wants
I'm sorry
that I open your car door,
and pull out your chair like I was raised
I'm sorry
That I'm not cute enough
to be "your guy"
I'm sorry
That I am actually nice;
not a jerk
I'm sorry
I don't have a huge bank account
to buy you expensive things
I'm sorry
I like to spend quality nights at home
cuddling with you, instead of at a club
I'm sorry
I would rather make love to you then just screw you
like some random guy.
I'm sorry
That I am always the one you need to talk to,
but never good enough to date
I'm sorry
but when we went out you went home with another guy
I'm sorry
I'm sorry
I'm sorry
I'm sorry
I'm sorry
If you read this and know somebody like this
but don't care
But most of all
I'm sorry
For not being sorry anymore
I'm sorry
That you can't accept me for who I am
I'm sorry
enough to make it in your world.
I'm sorry
I'm sorry
That I told you I loved you and actually meant it.
I'm sorry
I'm Sorry
That I cared
I'm sorry
THESE are my Evil Demonic Plot Bunnies.
they want to ask you to PLEASE copy and paste them...PLEASE!?
Favorite Animes:
One piece
Naruto (somewhat...)
(I have a bunch of others but I am to lazy to list them all)
Random Facts:
I love fanfictions with OC's that AREN'T completely Mary-Sue.
And I absolutely LOVE reviews!
The Forgotten Time by Metamorcy reviews
An incident with the 10-year bazooka leaves Tsuna stuck in the past… What's he gonna to do now? R27, hints of All27 and certain Arcobaleno27 - COMPLETED
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: M - English - Romance/Drama - Chapters: 31 - Words: 138,342 - Reviews: 2440 - Favs: 2,432 - Follows: 2,375 - Updated: 8h ago - Published: 1/30/2010 - [Tsuna/Tsunayoshi S., Reborn] Arcobaleno, Vongola 10th Generation - Complete
Nina's Destiny by MeggieBlack reviews
Nina Jackson is the daughter of Poseidon, Percy Jackson's twin, a demi-god, a prophetic-seer, an elemental mage, and a witch. Read as she journeys through Hogwarts and Camp Half-Blood and falls in love with Apollo. Will she survive fighting three wars? IN THE PROCESS OF REVISING! ON HIATUS UNTIL DONE!
Crossover - Harry Potter & Percy Jackson and the Olympians - Rated: T - English - Romance/Adventure - Chapters: 88 - Words: 203,310 - Reviews: 559 - Favs: 498 - Follows: 461 - Updated: 2/21 - Published: 7/7/2013 - [OC, Apollo] [Lavender B., Percy J.]
Once More, With Feeling by Illusor Meaneld reviews
If you could start your life over, knowing how things could turn out, what would you do differently? Cloud is offered this chance, and tries to change the future, but he quickly discovers that fate and destiny play a high stakes game.
Final Fantasy VII - Rated: T - English - Humor/Fantasy - Chapters: 44 - Words: 137,762 - Reviews: 2544 - Favs: 2,679 - Follows: 2,772 - Updated: 2/9 - Published: 1/23/2009 - Cloud S., Sephiroth
This Dream's On Me by Tsume Yuki reviews
Fili has heard the whispers, between his uncle and his men. There's going to be a quest, a quest to reclaim Erebor and he wants in. The warrior witch he meets in his dreams doesn't seem to think it's a good idea for him to go though. At least, not alone. Eventual Fili x FemHarry
Crossover - Harry Potter & Hobbit - Rated: T - English - Romance/Adventure - Chapters: 24 - Words: 59,217 - Reviews: 1572 - Favs: 1,982 - Follows: 2,338 - Updated: 1/22 - Published: 12/6/2014 - [Harry P., Fili]
Aberration by Rin O' Gen reviews
Naruto - Rated: T - English - Friendship/Adventure - Chapters: 20 - Words: 113,043 - Reviews: 2187 - Favs: 4,194 - Follows: 4,329 - Updated: 1/13 - Published: 8/28/2010 - Naruto U., Kakashi H., OC
Come to Morning Through the Shadows by phantomessangel reviews
Lyla Baggins. A hobbit, with a Tookish streak, had done what most other hobbits never dared to do: she went on an adventure. And now, the war was over, the company safe and Erebor was beginning to rebuild. But Lyla could feel the stirrings of something on the horizon. Deep down she knew her adventures weren't quite over. Not with that blasted ring in her possession.
Hobbit - Rated: T - English - Romance/Adventure - Chapters: 18 - Words: 126,673 - Reviews: 233 - Favs: 206 - Follows: 266 - Updated: 12/28/2014 - Published: 11/28/2013 - Thorin, Bilbo B.
My Heart Pounding Against My Ears by xoxBattleangel reviews
Cristina had what she really believed was a normal life. An okay job, a nice apartment, and the occasional duelist. Though, it would never be normal after she finds the twins she was baby-sitting harboring a criminal. The "normal" life just suddenly became different.
Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's - Rated: T - English - Adventure/Romance - Chapters: 27 - Words: 66,371 - Reviews: 86 - Favs: 103 - Follows: 81 - Updated: 12/26/2014 - Published: 8/6/2011 - [Yūsei F., OC] Rua/Leo, Ruka/Luna
More Than No Good by KuraiArcoiris reviews
Reborn had never disagreed with any of the ninth's decisions, but when the Vongola boss sent him to Japan to train Sawada Tamaki, the hitman started to think that the ninth had chosen the wrong twin…
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Drama/Friendship - Chapters: 57 - Words: 293,441 - Reviews: 3239 - Favs: 3,223 - Follows: 2,920 - Updated: 12/25/2014 - Published: 2/2/2012 - Tsuna/Tsunayoshi S., Reborn
The Invisible Trickster by Deathstroke Terminator reviews
Fem!Jack "Do you think bitter souls are escaping Valhalla to haunt us"? "Don't be ridiculous Thor", Loki said with a brief roll of his eyes. MiM sends Jack to the Marvel dimension in order to save the Nine Realms. The problem? No one can see her. How do you save the world when no one can see or touch you? Hmm, well at least she can mess with the gods in the meantime.
Crossover - Avengers & Rise of the Guardians - Rated: T - English - Humor/Romance - Chapters: 57 - Words: 143,115 - Reviews: 1645 - Favs: 1,270 - Follows: 1,315 - Updated: 12/8/2014 - Published: 6/26/2013 - [Loki, Jack Frost]
A Rose Among Thorns by Lightan117 reviews
"I fell in love with her courage, her sincerity, and her flaming self respect. And it's these things I'd believe in, even if the whole world indulged in wild suspicions that she wasn't all she should be. I love her and it is the beginning of everything." ― F. Scott Fitzgerald. Contain's swearing and some sexual content. Gatsby/OC; Nick/Jordan; Daisy/Tom/Myrtle
Great Gatsby - Rated: T - English - Romance/Hurt/Comfort - Chapters: 10 - Words: 21,065 - Reviews: 137 - Favs: 170 - Follows: 209 - Updated: 12/1/2014 - Published: 5/29/2013 - [J. Gatsby, OC] [Jordan B., Nick C.]
Nightingale by Lalaith Quetzalli reviews
She was joy and song, life and love…she was his match, his Nightingale. A mortal girl, with a body of glass, a will of iron, a heart of gold and a voice capable of enchanting a god. With his match by his side the Trickster God shall never be the same again… (Starts Pre-Thor, goes Past-Avengers) LokiOFC Rating will go up
Crossover - Thor & Avengers - Rated: M - English - Romance/Angst - Chapters: 13 - Words: 135,643 - Reviews: 50 - Favs: 126 - Follows: 60 - Updated: 11/14/2014 - Published: 3/28/2013 - [Loki, OC] Darcy L. - Complete
A secret by Poisoned Sidd reviews
18 year old Monkey D. Luffy has ended up in a sticky situation. 2 years younger than her brother Ace. Now they meet again, but in conditions neither want the other to see. And they only have a few days with each other. Ace's excectution is in 3 days. Somewhat Sadistic Luffy? Already Mastered All 3 Haki.. Diff!Fruit.. Alive!Ace. Fem!Luffy.. Mythical Zoan: Neko Neko model; Ten tails.
One Piece - Rated: M - English - Angst/Suspense - Chapters: 12 - Words: 16,936 - Reviews: 56 - Favs: 141 - Follows: 166 - Updated: 10/21/2014 - Published: 9/21/2014 - Luffy, Garp, Whitebeard, Ace
Eternity by kannabi-no-miko reviews
Their mixed shouts had proven too much, ripping the very fabrics of space and time. They were ripped out of their world and cast into one very different from their own. Now it's up to the Dragonborn to help a King reclaim his throne and stop Alduin from destroying this new world.
Crossover - Elder Scroll series & Hobbit - Rated: M - English - Chapters: 4 - Words: 8,684 - Reviews: 11 - Favs: 44 - Follows: 62 - Updated: 10/16/2014 - Published: 10/2/2013 - Dragonborn/Dovahkiin, Farkas
And All the Little Deaths Before by CompanyPolicy reviews
No, I didn't ask for this. I never wanted this sort of responsibility at nineteen years old. I have to deal with it, though. What I want doesn't matter. Hell, maybe it had to be me. That seems about right. I mean, I really wouldn't trust somebody else to do the job right. Somebody else would get it wrong. It had to be me. I'll do it right. Doctor/OC
Doctor Who - Rated: M - English - Romance/Sci-Fi - Chapters: 24 - Words: 174,848 - Reviews: 434 - Favs: 401 - Follows: 536 - Updated: 10/6/2014 - Published: 8/6/2012 - 9th Doctor, 10th Doctor
From Michael to Malaki by Atlanticfire reviews
SHUT DOWN! Check out Nihilist's Curiosity for the new version!
One Piece - Rated: M - English - Adventure/Drama - Chapters: 23 - Words: 108,215 - Reviews: 68 - Favs: 32 - Follows: 24 - Updated: 10/2/2014 - Published: 9/26/2012
A Shot in the Dark by Silver pup reviews
AU — When he opens his eyes again, he finds himself in his old bed in his old home in his old body. Is this death? Or a trick of magic? Either way, Bilbo recognizes a second chance when he sees one, and this time his adventure with Thorin is going to go a bit differently.
Hobbit - Rated: T - English - Drama/Friendship - Chapters: 50 - Words: 220,169 - Reviews: 2237 - Favs: 2,819 - Follows: 2,385 - Updated: 9/13/2014 - Published: 1/11/2013 - Bilbo B., Thorin - Complete
Contract by Metamorcy reviews
AU, Earth and Meraviglie are two worlds interconnected by a barrier however it's only known to a selected few. Those that can travel to the other world and have the ability to make pacts with those in the other world are known as Capturers. Tsuna, having that ability, accidentally stumbles across a humanoid man with a fedora hat. Full Summary inside, Arcobaleno27, main R27
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Romance/Drama - Chapters: 35 - Words: 143,479 - Reviews: 3123 - Favs: 2,205 - Follows: 2,218 - Updated: 7/27/2014 - Published: 2/11/2012 - [Tsuna/Tsunayoshi S., Adult Reborn] Arcobaleno, Reborn
Between Two Lives by UmbraLunae reviews
Erika, after facing her worst nightmare, wakes up in Hobbiton and is took in by the lovely Bilbo Baggins, she must now figure out why she was sent here? Her training couldn't have been for nothing, Erika is sure she was sent here, to this Middle Earth for a reason. And as she takes part in a quest to help the dwarves, she may find that reason
Crossover - Elder Scroll series & Hobbit - Rated: M - English - Adventure - Chapters: 16 - Words: 43,749 - Reviews: 57 - Favs: 73 - Follows: 104 - Updated: 7/27/2014 - Published: 10/23/2013 - [Dragonborn/Dovahkiin, Thorin]
Paper Hearts by Paper.Bullets reviews
Alternative Universe: SOLDIER Co. stands as one of the most powerful conglomerates in Gaia. With the loss of his former secretary comes the withdrawal of Cloud Strife, unwilling & spiteful to all those who take her position. Unable to stand it any longer, Zack helps him search for a new secretary; one that is clever, dedicated, & just stubborn enough to handle the job. CloudxOC/You
Final Fantasy VII - Rated: T - English - Romance/Drama - Chapters: 5 - Words: 37,916 - Reviews: 48 - Favs: 45 - Follows: 63 - Updated: 7/13/2014 - Published: 7/22/2012 - [Cloud S., OC] Tifa L., Zack F.
The True Sky by Ayano27 reviews
AU. The mafia has chased Tsuna since he was seven. He was told that he is the descendant of Vongola Primo by the Primo himself in a dream. Since that time, Tsuna was trained by Primo through dreams. But, one day, Reborn came and said that Atsuki, Tsuna's younger twin, will be the Tenth. But Primo doesn't agree with that. So, what will happen to them? Chap 1&2 has been edited!
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Friendship/Family - Chapters: 8 - Words: 17,467 - Reviews: 319 - Favs: 1,000 - Follows: 1,264 - Updated: 6/17/2014 - Published: 11/10/2012 - Tsuna/Tsunayoshi S., Vongola 10th Generation
The Other Tyler by DWgeek2010 reviews
Rose's cousin, Clara, who lives with her and Jackie, gets caught up in Rose's, and the other companions', adventures with the stange man who calls himself the 'Doctor' 9,10, 11/OC, maybe 12/OC eventually. Chapter seven now edited and fixed! Rating may change in the future!
Doctor Who - Rated: T - English - Adventure/Romance - Chapters: 55 - Words: 356,942 - Reviews: 107 - Favs: 162 - Follows: 162 - Updated: 6/12/2014 - Published: 7/18/2011 - 9th Doctor, Rose T., OC
Takeaways: DW by CompanyPolicy reviews
Just out takes, drabbles, and other stuff from my Doctor Who fic.
Doctor Who - Rated: M - English - Romance - Chapters: 3 - Words: 3,952 - Reviews: 29 - Favs: 54 - Follows: 52 - Updated: 6/8/2014 - Published: 1/4/2013 - 9th Doctor, 10th Doctor
Pieces of a Puzzle: Duelist Kingdom by DarkxSonata reviews
Maria has spent a year getting to know the gang and getting closer to them as friends. As a few pieces fall into place more are thrown into the mix when the Duelist Kingdom Tournament is thrust upon them. Will Maria ever find out the mystery with the Millennium Puzzle and Other Yugi? YamixOC Second Part of the Pieces of a Puzzle Series
Yu-Gi-Oh - Rated: T - English - Romance/Friendship - Chapters: 9 - Words: 40,041 - Reviews: 170 - Favs: 130 - Follows: 128 - Updated: 6/1/2014 - Published: 12/16/2013 - Yami Yūgi
A Different Kind of Hobbit by ShatteredRhapsody reviews
If Bilbo had embraced his Took side, just what kind of a Hobbit would he have grown to be? With the helping hand of a longtime family friend, watch as a different Bilbo Baggins embarks on the grand journey to Erebor… slightAU with OC
Hobbit - Rated: T - English - Adventure - Chapters: 12 - Words: 17,521 - Reviews: 40 - Favs: 112 - Follows: 124 - Updated: 3/16/2014 - Published: 4/17/2013 - Bilbo B.
Not Any Average Herbivore by Loving-you-is-a-crime reviews
She had just died in her world from cancer. Later, she had found herself in a sticky situation where she can't move and everything was blurry to her. Turns out she had reincarnated into a place where she knew is an anime! She is now the sister of Yamamoto, Takeshi and Childhood friend of the Demon of Namimori! What is just going on in her new life? Hibarixoc HibariOC 18xoc
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Romance/Adventure - Chapters: 16 - Words: 31,871 - Reviews: 164 - Favs: 356 - Follows: 423 - Updated: 3/14/2014 - Published: 8/26/2012 - K. Hibari, T. Yamamoto
An Unexpected Party by VoodooValkyrie reviews
Branwen Artair a hunter, healer, wandering warrior, a daughter of Skyrim..The Dovahkiin. She is all these things and countless more, a mortal woman with a dragons soul destined to live for eternity in the legends and myths of a people. Some more grand than others, some obscure and wild beyond the imaginings of gentle folk. Some so purely outlandish they could only be fiction right?
Crossover - Elder Scroll series & Hobbit - Rated: M - English - Adventure/Humor - Chapters: 7 - Words: 10,792 - Reviews: 24 - Favs: 56 - Follows: 76 - Updated: 3/10/2014 - Published: 1/23/2014
Snippets of a Different Kind by ShatteredRhapsody reviews
Certain evens that may or may not have been mentioned during the primary story A Different Kind of Hobbit. Chapters don't have any order, they're just posted as the ideas come.
Hobbit - Rated: T - English - Family - Chapters: 5 - Words: 2,989 - Reviews: 13 - Favs: 13 - Follows: 6 - Updated: 3/9/2014 - Published: 4/19/2013
Back Again by Waugh reviews
Bilbo Baggins wakes up. He is twenty-one again, with all his life ahead of him. But first, there are things he must do. Time-travel, fix-it, friendship fic. Slow build. Cross-posted to Ao3. Currently under revision.
Hobbit - Rated: T - English - Adventure/Friendship - Chapters: 26 - Words: 105,198 - Reviews: 662 - Favs: 1,586 - Follows: 1,645 - Updated: 2/11/2014 - Published: 1/24/2013 - Bilbo B.
Sentiment is a Sin by WinterAngel24 reviews
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Hurt/Comfort - Chapters: 30 - Words: 79,852 - Reviews: 377 - Favs: 190 - Follows: 197 - Updated: 2/10/2014 - Published: 6/5/2012 - Adult Reborn, Arcobaleno
N of Kumo by NinjaRiderWriter reviews
After the Kyuubi's sealing, Naruto is found by A, brought to Kumo and raised by the Sandaime Raikage. He becomes N, beloved son and little brother. Watch him grow to become the legend he was meant to be as a shinobi and Jinchuuriki of Kumogakure.
Naruto - Rated: M - English - Adventure/Family - Chapters: 33 - Words: 213,693 - Reviews: 1053 - Favs: 2,339 - Follows: 2,249 - Updated: 2/9/2014 - Published: 2/7/2012 - Naruto U., Yugito N.
Miko no Valar by Gelasia Kidd reviews
The Shikon promised her a new life. Destiny promised the Valar end to evil. A pure hearted Miko slowly transforming into a kami is put into a world that has another object that needs to be destroyed, and evil to be purified. After the Fell Winter the Shire gains a priestess, protector, healer, and so much more. Thorin's company gains a warrior maiden that will lead them to victory.
Crossover - Inuyasha & Hobbit - Rated: M - English - Romance/Adventure - Chapters: 3 - Words: 5,261 - Reviews: 68 - Favs: 188 - Follows: 224 - Updated: 1/22/2014 - Published: 1/15/2014 - Kagome H., Bilbo B.
Live 'till ya drop! by Snoara reviews
Say hello to Gloria, a girl who ended up in the One Piece world. Leaving behind the peaceful 'normal' life, she now ventures the world with the Strawhats. And of course, there are gods, goddesses and demons involved.
One Piece - Rated: T - English - Adventure/Romance - Chapters: 79 - Words: 422,265 - Reviews: 1239 - Favs: 568 - Follows: 494 - Updated: 1/16/2014 - Published: 5/25/2011 - Straw Hats P., OC
Making the Cut by RegenesisX reviews
Final Fantasy VII - Rated: K+ - English - Drama/Friendship - Chapters: 22 - Words: 64,808 - Reviews: 828 - Favs: 1,224 - Follows: 975 - Updated: 12/18/2013 - Published: 9/24/2011 - Cloud S., Genesis R. - Complete
Jotun Snowflakes by I'vebeenLOKI'Dyetagain reviews
An innocent trip to the snow turns suddenly, horribly wrong. (AU where Loki discovers his Frost Giant heritage as a teen. Not-douche!Jotuns.) This story has been DISCONTINUED. If anyone wants to "adopt" it, contact me via a PM.
Thor - Rated: T - English - Hurt/Comfort/Adventure - Chapters: 8 - Words: 30,437 - Reviews: 281 - Favs: 453 - Follows: 604 - Updated: 12/15/2013 - Published: 8/1/2013 - Loki, Thor, King Laufey
Mine by boombangZOOM reviews
Jack finally expresses how much he disapproved of your boyfriend, how much you should belong to him instead. Warning: things get heated. This is rated M for a reason.
Rise of the Guardians - Rated: M - English - Romance/Angst - Chapters: 7 - Words: 10,643 - Reviews: 319 - Favs: 310 - Follows: 338 - Updated: 11/3/2013 - Published: 11/16/2012 - Jack Frost
Rain Fall by Glue92 reviews
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Humor/Romance - Chapters: 27 - Words: 131,737 - Reviews: 225 - Favs: 275 - Follows: 282 - Updated: 10/23/2013 - Published: 3/3/2011 - T. Yamamoto
Allusion to Fate by Amouru reviews
Over the summer before fifth year, Harry disappears after getting off the train. No one knows where he is or who he could be with. When he returns two months later, for him it's been two years. A new look, a new attitude and a snake that curiously looks like the younger Nagini. AU, Time travel, Dumbledore bashing, HP/TR
Harry Potter - Rated: M - English - Romance/Drama - Chapters: 11 - Words: 75,067 - Reviews: 358 - Favs: 1,387 - Follows: 1,928 - Updated: 10/1/2013 - Published: 6/28/2013 - Harry P., Tom R. Jr.
Keeping Your Character by Insanity-Red reviews
When a girl from our world takes advantage of a quirk in the reincarnation system, guess whose body she ends up in? See what changes when the stupid cow isn't so stupid - nor a cow. What else will change when she retains knowledge from her previous life?
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Adventure/Humor - Chapters: 19 - Words: 82,370 - Reviews: 783 - Favs: 1,271 - Follows: 1,222 - Updated: 8/20/2013 - Published: 1/20/2011 - Lambo
Once again by TheVictor reviews
A 7-year old Luffy is approached by his future self. It seems Luffy's entire crew died at the hands of Fleet Admiral Akainu right after defeating the Yonkou Kaidou. Follow a much stronger, smarter Luffy as he repeats his adventure, hoping to avoid the same fate as well as correct some mistakes. Warning: OOC!Luffy, Godlike!Luffy, Smarter!Luffy, LuffyxRobin pairing on the side.
One Piece - Rated: T - English - Adventure/Friendship - Chapters: 61 - Words: 154,197 - Reviews: 2319 - Favs: 2,560 - Follows: 2,394 - Updated: 8/13/2013 - Published: 5/19/2013 - Luffy, Straw Hats P.
The Spirit of The Hero by SapphireFireStar reviews
After saving Hyrule from the darkness of Twilight, Link feels as if his life has lost its purpose. He unknowingly makes a request to Farore to give him purpose again. Farore answers his request by giving him the chance to join a company of Dwarves on their quest to kill a dragon and reclaim their homeland. Will Link find his place amongst his strange new companions? Maybe more?
Crossover - Legend of Zelda & Hobbit - Rated: T - English - Adventure - Chapters: 4 - Words: 17,811 - Reviews: 91 - Favs: 113 - Follows: 125 - Updated: 7/11/2013 - Published: 4/14/2013 - Link, Gandalf, Fili, Kili
Complete by They-Call-Me-Savior reviews
When the Fourth sealed away the Kyuubi's Yin chakra, he also sealed away part of Naruto. But Orochimaru's Five Pronged Seal returned the Kyuubi's Yin chakra. Now Kurama is complete...And so is Naruto. Watch as Naruto comes to grips with his darker thoughts. Watch as Naruto tries to rediscover himself and his dreams. Watch as Naruto changes the World...Forever.
Naruto - Rated: T - English - Adventure/Humor - Chapters: 11 - Words: 50,412 - Reviews: 755 - Favs: 2,016 - Follows: 2,037 - Updated: 7/9/2013 - Published: 10/13/2012 - Naruto U.
Let Me Down by thehonorarycompanion reviews
Emma just wanted to have a normal sleepover with her best friend, despite the terrifying crack in the wall, but then a blue box crashed in the garden. A man was inside, a man who ate strange food, fixed the crack, and offered to take them time travelling with him in just five minutes. He never showed and Emma gave up hope. Until he came back. Follows series five. Maybe 11/OC.
Doctor Who - Rated: T - English - Adventure/Hurt/Comfort - Chapters: 26 - Words: 103,331 - Reviews: 331 - Favs: 157 - Follows: 254 - Updated: 6/30/2013 - Published: 2/18/2013 - 11th Doctor
Unknown by CaptainKylee reviews
What if a infamous pirate has been missing for awhile and while docked at an island Traflagar Law gets a chance to meet her? And they become friends/frenemies? Law/OC. Not good at summary's.
One Piece - Rated: T - English - Mystery/Romance - Chapters: 10 - Words: 9,825 - Reviews: 27 - Favs: 36 - Follows: 36 - Updated: 6/26/2013 - Published: 4/9/2011 - T. Law
A Glimpse into Fantasy by WhiteMacabre001 reviews
A girl is whisked away to Neverland by a strange green eyed boy who never grows up.
Peter Pan - Rated: M - English - Romance/Fantasy - Chapters: 12 - Words: 19,351 - Reviews: 37 - Favs: 51 - Follows: 66 - Updated: 6/21/2013 - Published: 3/16/2011 - Peter Pan
To That Faraway Sky by cywscross reviews
Tsuna's never liked attention so it's only natural for Ienari to stand out more. But being himself means a mom and a brother who don't care about him, and Tsuna doesn't have enough tolerance to overlook it for long. He won't change who he is just to make them like him so he leaves. Three years later, Reborn arrives to train Nari, only to discover that there's one Sawada missing.
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Friendship/Adventure - Chapters: 4 - Words: 46,374 - Reviews: 1717 - Favs: 3,864 - Follows: 3,861 - Updated: 5/30/2013 - Published: 2/18/2013 - Tsuna/Tsunayoshi S.
Escape Artist by Fiorea reviews
Seal master Uzumaki Naruto finally perfected a battle-use seal to rewind time for short moments. What the idiot forgot was that he tends to overdo things when in a pinch. MinaNaru, shounen-ai, angst, timetravel.
Naruto - Rated: M - English - Adventure/Romance - Chapters: 18 - Words: 128,945 - Reviews: 1339 - Favs: 1,993 - Follows: 2,100 - Updated: 5/12/2013 - Published: 5/12/2012 - [Naruto U., Minato N.]
Guardian of Fire by Agni reviews
Starting over is never easy. Creating a new identity, facing different challenges isn't easy at all. Naruto must do all this because he must correct the mistakes of the present by traveling to the past. GEN, Time Travel.
Naruto - Rated: T - English - Drama/Family - Chapters: 8 - Words: 80,830 - Reviews: 2028 - Favs: 5,549 - Follows: 6,013 - Updated: 4/24/2013 - Published: 11/27/2008 - Naruto U., Minato N.
Peripeteia by The Cloud's Essence reviews
Tsuna was a well-known thief. And after another work-filled day, the most influential mafia Famiglia requested his assistance. Up for Plot/ Story Adoption.
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Adventure/Crime - Chapters: 11 - Words: 36,797 - Reviews: 238 - Favs: 615 - Follows: 709 - Updated: 4/4/2013 - Published: 10/19/2012 - Tsuna/Tsunayoshi S., Reborn
The Shadow Demon by Fallen Crest reviews
AU.He was a famous thief with Sky flames. He swore to only get involved with Mafias in his jobs, yet he finds himself getting deeply involved in a war between Millefiore and Vongola that he wants no part of. Just what is his destiny?
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Friendship/Adventure - Chapters: 10 - Words: 38,718 - Reviews: 346 - Favs: 639 - Follows: 761 - Updated: 3/9/2013 - Published: 3/25/2012 - Tsuna/Tsunayoshi S., T. Yamamoto
Final Champion Fantasy by countdownshot reviews
What if Gaia was never saved from the meteor even through "Holy". In an attempt to survive,the life stream reverted it's time to when it first existed,but each time Minerva is to summon a champion from another universe to aid in the planet's struggle but even that had failed for over a millennium.Our martial artist(OC) is next in line, will he be a just another pawn in this cycle?.
Final Fantasy VII - Rated: M - English - Adventure/Suspense - Chapters: 6 - Words: 46,404 - Reviews: 9 - Favs: 7 - Follows: 4 - Updated: 3/8/2013 - Published: 6/24/2012 - Zack F., Aerith G.
Dancing Against the Seven Destinies by cmsully reviews
They had met through a dance... and now she holds the key to alter the destinies of the six most affected by Jenova. Full summary inside, based off of my one-shot "The Dance".
Final Fantasy VII - Rated: T - English - Adventure/Romance - Chapters: 13 - Words: 35,453 - Reviews: 41 - Favs: 33 - Follows: 42 - Updated: 3/2/2013 - Published: 7/15/2011 - Cloud S., Aerith G., Sephiroth, OC
The Five Second Rule by a-whisper-to-a-riot reviews
"You don't want to go messing with Celine, you hold her too long and she'll kill ya." - The Heart Pirates recruit an unlikely new crew mate with a deadly touch. Law/OC
One Piece - Rated: T - English - Romance/Adventure - Chapters: 15 - Words: 101,109 - Reviews: 191 - Favs: 172 - Follows: 195 - Updated: 2/16/2013 - Published: 6/17/2012 - T. Law
Unexpected and Unintended by TheRedBones reviews
Hobbit - Rated: M - English - Romance/Adventure - Chapters: 11 - Words: 60,405 - Reviews: 402 - Favs: 527 - Follows: 794 - Updated: 1/24/2013 - Published: 12/28/2012 - Thorin
Most Wanted by Fallen Crest reviews
AU. No-good Tsuna is just an act. In reality, Tsuna is the most wanted kid by the mafias. They call him Erebus. No one knows who he is or what he looks like. It's a race to find him, but Tsuna has his own problems to do with like a hit man for a tutor.
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Adventure/Friendship - Chapters: 12 - Words: 41,419 - Reviews: 340 - Favs: 937 - Follows: 1,144 - Updated: 1/18/2013 - Published: 3/4/2012 - Tsuna/Tsunayoshi S., H. Gokudera
A Change by SibsCC reviews
She saved his life. That was her job. He didn't quite get that; and know he wouldn't leave her alone. OC AU Non-Massacre.
Naruto - Rated: M - English - Romance - Chapters: 10 - Words: 34,827 - Reviews: 36 - Favs: 58 - Follows: 66 - Updated: 11/17/2012 - Published: 6/27/2012 - Itachi U.
This game called 'Love' by Daylite reviews
With an engagement, all is set, they're bounded to each other for life. Rfem!27 - SemiAU. Smut. Written for Dream-of-silent-death's birthday.
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: M - English - Romance/Drama - Chapters: 30 - Words: 65,291 - Reviews: 303 - Favs: 300 - Follows: 181 - Updated: 11/9/2012 - Published: 6/13/2012 - Reborn, Tsuna/Tsunayoshi S. - Complete
Who Says Violence Doesn't Solve Anything? by sky of c-o-l-o-r-s reviews
Meet Hisagi Mahiro. Violent, somewhat bloodthirsty delinquent. Meet Sawada Tsuna. Her best friend and sometimes punching bag. Mahiro arrives in Namimori, hoping to turn over a new leaf and live life as a normal non-violent girl and hang with her best friend but then problems arise putting a dent in her plans... mafia problems. What's a bloodthirsty girl to do?
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Friendship/Adventure - Chapters: 10 - Words: 84,466 - Reviews: 70 - Favs: 85 - Follows: 98 - Updated: 11/6/2012 - Published: 7/2/2012 - K. Hibari, Tsuna/Tsunayoshi S.
Little Omnivore by KarinMaaka07 reviews
Many people have stated that Kou is basically a Mary-Sue and how the pace of the story is pretty fast. So, I plan on getting rid of this story. Most likely, I will continue it again later one. Just, re-written and junk. Sorry guys! Expect this to be DELETED SOON.
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Humor - Chapters: 12 - Words: 69,524 - Reviews: 252 - Favs: 310 - Follows: 310 - Updated: 11/3/2012 - Published: 10/26/2011 - K. Hibari
One Piece: Magician on Board by 1337box reviews
Ezekiel Vane is an ordinary guy who had something extraordinary happen to him. Maybe it was supposed to happen. Maybe it was destiny, karma or whatever people go on about. He does know one thing for sure... nothing's ever going to be the same again. On Hiatus.
One Piece - Rated: T - English - Adventure/Fantasy - Chapters: 60 - Words: 395,841 - Reviews: 402 - Favs: 218 - Follows: 152 - Updated: 10/11/2012 - Published: 11/3/2011 - Straw Hats P.
The Will of fire by Ryo551 reviews
What starts with my death becomes my new life. My name is Neo Horyu, protector of Konoha, friend of Naruto, No character Bashing, mostly canon, with slight twists leading to a new future.
Naruto - Rated: T - English - Fantasy/Adventure - Chapters: 4 - Words: 24,133 - Reviews: 8 - Favs: 9 - Follows: 7 - Updated: 9/15/2012 - Published: 9/5/2012 - Naruto U.
The Rightful Sky by Heir to the Sky reviews
Sawada Tsunayoshi is ordinary. Average. Not at all special in any way. So while having ties to the mafia comes as a surprise to Tsuna, the fact that his younger, more talented, more popular twin brother is chosen as the next Vongola boss doesn't. Not everyone agrees though. After all, what is a world without a proper sky?
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Family/Drama - Chapters: 7 - Words: 62,838 - Reviews: 943 - Favs: 2,750 - Follows: 2,721 - Updated: 8/18/2012 - Published: 8/8/2012 - Tsuna/Tsunayoshi S.
Simply the Thing I Am, Shall Make Me Live by Wayang.Silver reviews
A trio's mission: Save Gaia, people who died in the games, & take a chance at a second life. Easy part: They have foreknowledge. Hard part: Bad time twists & making sure Goddess Minerva doesn't label them as a another Jenova. FFVII timeline/Self-Insert
Final Fantasy VII - Rated: T - English - Adventure/Friendship - Chapters: 13 - Words: 137,586 - Reviews: 69 - Favs: 85 - Follows: 78 - Updated: 8/17/2012 - Published: 4/9/2012 - Zack F., Genesis R.
A fiery love by Yumiko Kazumi reviews
WTH! First she nearly drowned and then she ended up in One Piece!Just great...Oh by the way Luffy isn't even born, Garp and Whitebeard are young and Marco wants to screw her...wait...WHAT? characters don't belong to me, but to Oda. apart OC
One Piece - Rated: M - English - Romance/Adventure - Chapters: 8 - Words: 25,224 - Reviews: 195 - Favs: 173 - Follows: 207 - Updated: 8/12/2012 - Published: 6/12/2010 - Marco
The Loveless Spirit by TragicalMusique reviews
AU. R27. Slight Others27. T-M. Tsuna and his friends were taking a cross country trip when their van broke down. They have no cell service. As they try to find help from a lonely, deserted farm, evil lurks. Craving for his lost salvation...his love.
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Horror/Romance - Chapters: 4 - Words: 10,315 - Reviews: 61 - Favs: 120 - Follows: 140 - Updated: 7/29/2012 - Published: 7/23/2012 - Adult Reborn, Tsuna/Tsunayoshi S.
The Mafia Wants You! by SwordsMagician reviews
Sawada Tsunayoshi was unassuming. Resourceful. Surprisingly adaptive. And his hyper-intuition hasn't been wrong yet. Regardless, he didn't need that indication of doom to know that Reborn was the harbinger of utter chaos. WIP
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! - Rated: T - English - Chapters: 9 - Words: 74,060 - Reviews: 881 - Favs: 2,139 - Follows: 1,951 - Updated: 11/29/2011 - Published: 1/9/2010 - Tsuna/Tsunayoshi S.
My One-Wing Savior by Edorenel reviews
Elisa Sapphire of America embarks on a trip to Japan when things go awry. She finds herself in the world of FF7! She meets Sephiroth, the two gradually falling in love-a love trying and unlikely, for who could ever love...a monster?
Final Fantasy VII - Rated: M - English - Romance/Fantasy - Chapters: 6 - Words: 24,070 - Reviews: 61 - Favs: 43 - Follows: 38 - Updated: 7/30/2011 - Published: 5/4/2010 - Sephiroth, Lucrecia C.
Hell with a Red Umbrella reviews
One step forward two steps back. Knowing everything yet nothing at all. My signature: A Red Umbrella. "'I regret nothing' is my motto." "...Why do I need to know this?" "A secret with a dash of spoilers, Doctor."
Doctor Who - Rated: M - English - Romance/Adventure - Chapters: 2 - Words: 5,922 - Reviews: 8 - Favs: 14 - Follows: 25 - Updated: 3/30/2013 - Published: 3/29/2013 - 4th Doctor, 9th Doctor, 10th Doctor, 11th Doctor
Spinning Circles reviews
A young girl living a good life. Though as time wears on she ends up in the same predicaments as her Aunt Lois. Being the niece of a famous news reporter has its twists and turns making you feel like you have been running in a circle. Superboyxoc
Young Justice - Rated: M - English - Romance/Adventure - Chapters: 15 - Words: 20,786 - Reviews: 48 - Favs: 61 - Follows: 67 - Updated: 7/31/2012 - Published: 3/2/2011 - Conner K./Superboy
Loveless: Added Character reviews
An average fan is sent into the FF7 world a little before Crisis Core. She wants to avoid changing things, but accidentally does so anyway. Why does all the higher ups love messing with her!
Final Fantasy VII - Rated: M - English - Adventure/Romance - Chapters: 2 - Words: 2,199 - Reviews: 6 - Favs: 7 - Follows: 4 - Updated: 7/6/2012 - Published: 5/27/2012 - Cloud S. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1938', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9354390501976012}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '161168', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ON6A66EK276PEZIZOWMBHOTPFGX5RM7U', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0edf1a8d-f7cc-4459-b7c1-ad28dc1c8ca2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 1, 7, 45, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.205.184.6', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MTF7CLJBRCTLBQ6DBYBGXSNVYWABFPGO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0ce89d58-0936-41b2-97c6-fce5789e6f85>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.fanfiction.net/u/1885659/xxOMGgalxx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:200cd95d-8ddd-4ff1-8963-fbd7c07acdda>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '10113', 'url': 'https://www.fanfiction.net/u/1885659/xxOMGgalxx', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.018723130226135254', 'original_id': 'c09b3d311a4187dd391e2b8b5d10d70f9a24a209fc8631f2a8d6bf9b391f1618'} |
Secret Photographs
Soundtrack for a film by Mike Hoolboom
"Born in Montreal, Alvin Karpis was one of the most notorious bank robbers of the 20th century. He was named public enemy number one and arrested by J. Edgar Hoover in 1936. He was sent to the recently formed Alcatraz penitentiary, where he became its longest serving prisoner."
"Karpis was released on parole in 1969, and wrote a best-selling memoir. He died five years later, in Spain, 1973. In the five years after his release, he became an obsessive photographer. He never spoke about them to anyone. These pictures are being shown here for the first time."
Filmmaker Mike Hoolboom discovered a batch of Karpis' photos for auction on eBay. He was the lucky winning bidder, and with his newly found treasure, Hoolboom began working on a film, consisting of still images, slowly dissolving one into another.
Intensifying the slow, hypnotic pace and transitions, the musical score follows the three parts of the film (black and white, colour, black and white) with dream-like, barely moving sonic structures.
In the film (which is still in the making), the music will be accompanied by a voice-over and additional field recordings. On this album though, the original score is presented in it's pure, unhurried form. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '3d1e990219ecf2a2d3559605e3073ddf15256efdae5d00d32bd2afd74a66a604'} |
IFK Skövde P12 Svart
Registration number: 1037
Registrator: Tobias Nilsson Log in
Primary shirt color: Blue
Secondary shirt color: Blue
Leader: Magnus Andersson
Nils Björnell
In addition to the three IFK Skövde teams, 27 other teams played in Pojkar 12 (födda 2007) 7-manna. They were divided into 6 different groups, whereof IFK Skövde Svart could be found in Group C together with IFK Mariestad, Stenungsunds IF 1, Ørn-Horten Brun and FK Gjøvik-Lyn 1.
IFK Skövde Svart continued to Slutspel B after reaching 3:rd place in Group C. In the playoff they made it to Semi final, but lost it against IFK Uddevalla 1 with 1-2. In the Final, IFK Uddevalla 1 won over IF Mölndal 1 and became the winner of Slutspel B in Pojkar 12 (födda 2007) 7-manna.
6 games played
Write a message to IFK Skövde
IK Oddevold Intemp Länsförsäkringar Serneke Motivera Uddevallahem Skyltbolaget Biliv Hyrbilar Sparlunds Destination Uddevalla Uddevalla Kommun | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '30', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7091198563575745}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '54528', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6C22R5RBCOIPDJPA4HNG35OC7DOOZN3L', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2899051f-8d17-4903-a52b-63febe2a73a8>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 5, 29, 11, 5, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '31.192.226.120', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZPT7QJNKWHNGFGAMB74US56CRBQOOHJK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b0bcb08f-8998-4765-818d-6f4e4f45c04e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://oddebollen.se/2019,en/result/team/20871951', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:58f8149c-213f-464d-bc75-efa6e7e433c2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '152', 'url': 'https://oddebollen.se/2019,en/result/team/20871951', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-24\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May/June 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-236.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.8712927103042603', 'original_id': '4ce97077d3a8c3f593306a51c6c5b0422194f7d0f77d6b3938afc49f3919c3aa'} |
Quote# 4663
God created Adam..........then took one of Adam's ribs and created Eve. Are all males born missing a rib, and if so.......doesnt this kinda disprove the evolution theory?
Cindybobindy, Rapture Ready 14 Comments [10/1/2003 12:00:00 AM]
Fundie Index: 3
WTF?! || meh
Tom S. Fox
No, no, aaaaaaaand no!
2/13/2008 1:55:52 AM
Hawker Hurricane
I suggest counting your ribs, then counting your boyfriends, and noticing that men and women have the same number... thereby disproving Creationism.
2/13/2008 2:21:27 AM
Well, I don't know about evolution, but I do know something that disproves the "men have fewer ribs" thing. Try actually counting them - you'll find you are dead wrong.
By the way - actually finding out for yourself whether you are right or wrong is called science.
2/13/2008 2:41:48 AM
A-HA, FOOLS! For, you see, Cindybobindy is RIGHT! Everybody KNOWS males are supposed to have one rib MORE than females, but instead the numbers are EVEN! How do you explain THAT! <walks away proud, underwear worn on head as they should be>
7/20/2008 1:15:57 PM
Quantum Mechanic
You really need to take a basic anatomy course.
Better yet, die in a fire.
7/20/2008 1:17:34 PM
Their leaders have to be reintroducing this lie on a regular basis.
Sooo many of them believe this.
And...since your're wrong about the rib thing:Does'nt that prove Evolution? ( No it does'nt, I just thought I'd try jumping to a conclusion,, almost sprained a brain cell trying)
7/20/2008 3:55:02 PM
Allegory for Jesus
Mmmmm....rib. Mmmmm...Eve.
9/18/2010 8:17:39 AM
Wasn't the word "rib" in that story supposed to have been a euphemism for why human males don't have a baculum?
And that has been explained by evolutionary biology.
2/2/2011 6:03:45 PM
Dr. Shrinker
1) Men and women have the same number of ribs
2) If they didn't, isn't it plausible that ancient people examined the corpses of men and women, counted the ribs and made up a story to explain the discrepancy?
2/2/2011 6:37:14 PM
Cindy was apparently born missing her brain.
2/2/2011 6:50:10 PM
Quantum Mechanic
No, it proves you can't count.
2/2/2011 7:17:25 PM
Azathoth's Puppy
Genesis 1:27 - God created man and woman at the same time, in his image. Nothing is said at all about any ribs.
So no, you're wrong, and so is your book.
2/3/2011 3:02:08 PM
Quantum Mechanic
Men and women have the same 12 pairs of ribs, liar.
8/6/2012 4:44:06 AM
wrong, no missing ribs here.
and no because it is not true.
8/7/2012 10:48:09 PM | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9283883571624756}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '17663', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SHSDPLTDMXDSV74D5FXXTN6PA5S6NRNV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1e0d44ba-411f-4dac-a26a-faf308346a7d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 4, 19, 19, 36, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.199.124.90', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XUH6U5HBHIF67PQZLKTTZYNOVU6VLXT5', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f5a0e226-4ecf-4d19-8fae-861e88a84f66>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.fstdt.com/QuoteComment.aspx?QID=4663', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2795ef9f-400c-42b8-929b-00c065921465>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '432', 'url': 'http://www.fstdt.com/QuoteComment.aspx?QID=4663', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-15\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for April 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07720845937728882', 'original_id': '14bf8d878fa0f534f9a3ab64c8a275cd97baeb4fb3115b434c1a3ce1a279c409'} |
import numpy as np
import random
import json
import os
import cv2
import itertools
from scipy.misc import imread, imresize
import tensorflow as tf
from data_utils import (annotation_jitter, annotation_to_h5)
from utils.annolist import AnnotationLib as al
from rect import Rect
def rescale_boxes(current_shape, anno, target_height, target_width):
x_scale = target_width / float(current_shape[1])
y_scale = target_height / float(current_shape[0])
for r in anno.rects:
assert r.x1 < r.x2
r.x1 *= x_scale
r.x2 *= x_scale
assert r.x1 < r.x2
r.y1 *= y_scale
r.y2 *= y_scale
return anno
def load_idl_tf(idlfile, H, jitter):
"""Take the idlfile and net configuration and create a generator
that outputs a jittered version of a random image from the annolist
that is mean corrected."""
annolist = al.parse(idlfile)
annos = []
for anno in annolist:
anno.imageName = os.path.join(
os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(idlfile)), anno.imageName)
annos.append(anno)
random.seed(0)
if H['data']['truncate_data']:
annos = annos[:10]
for epoch in itertools.count():
random.shuffle(annos)
for anno in annos:
I = imread(anno.imageName)
if I.shape[2] == 4:
I = I[:, :, :3]
if I.shape[0] != H["image_height"] or I.shape[1] != H["image_width"]:
if epoch == 0:
anno = rescale_boxes(I.shape, anno, H["image_height"], H["image_width"])
I = imresize(I, (H["image_height"], H["image_width"]), interp='cubic')
if jitter:
jitter_scale_min=0.9
jitter_scale_max=1.1
jitter_offset=16
I, anno = annotation_jitter(I,
anno, target_width=H["image_width"],
target_height=H["image_height"],
jitter_scale_min=jitter_scale_min,
jitter_scale_max=jitter_scale_max,
jitter_offset=jitter_offset)
boxes, flags = annotation_to_h5(H,
anno,
H["grid_width"],
H["grid_height"],
H["rnn_len"])
yield {"image": I, "boxes": boxes, "flags": flags}
def make_sparse(n, d):
v = np.zeros((d,), dtype=np.float32)
v[n] = 1.
return v
def load_data_gen(H, phase, jitter):
grid_size = H['grid_width'] * H['grid_height']
data = load_idl_tf(H["data"]['%s_idl' % phase], H, jitter={'train': jitter, 'test': False}[phase])
for d in data:
output = {}
rnn_len = H["rnn_len"]
flags = d['flags'][0, :, 0, 0:rnn_len, 0]
boxes = np.transpose(d['boxes'][0, :, :, 0:rnn_len, 0], (0, 2, 1))
assert(flags.shape == (grid_size, rnn_len))
assert(boxes.shape == (grid_size, rnn_len, 4))
output['image'] = d['image']
output['confs'] = np.array([[make_sparse(int(detection), d=H['num_classes']) for detection in cell] for cell in flags])
output['boxes'] = boxes
output['flags'] = flags
yield output
def add_rectangles(H, orig_image, confidences, boxes, use_stitching=False, rnn_len=1, min_conf=0.1, show_removed=True, tau=0.25):
image = np.copy(orig_image[0])
num_cells = H["grid_height"] * H["grid_width"]
boxes_r = np.reshape(boxes, (-1,
H["grid_height"],
H["grid_width"],
rnn_len,
4))
confidences_r = np.reshape(confidences, (-1,
H["grid_height"],
H["grid_width"],
rnn_len,
H['num_classes']))
cell_pix_size = H['region_size']
all_rects = [[[] for _ in range(H["grid_width"])] for _ in range(H["grid_height"])]
for n in range(rnn_len):
for y in range(H["grid_height"]):
for x in range(H["grid_width"]):
bbox = boxes_r[0, y, x, n, :]
abs_cx = int(bbox[0]) + cell_pix_size/2 + cell_pix_size * x
abs_cy = int(bbox[1]) + cell_pix_size/2 + cell_pix_size * y
w = bbox[2]
h = bbox[3]
conf = np.max(confidences_r[0, y, x, n, 1:])
all_rects[y][x].append(Rect(abs_cx,abs_cy,w,h,conf))
all_rects_r = [r for row in all_rects for cell in row for r in cell]
if use_stitching:
from stitch_wrapper import stitch_rects
acc_rects = stitch_rects(all_rects, tau)
else:
acc_rects = all_rects_r
pairs = [(all_rects_r, (255, 0, 0)), (acc_rects, (0, 255, 0))]
for rect_set, color in pairs:
for rect in rect_set:
if rect.confidence > min_conf:
cv2.rectangle(image,
(rect.cx-int(rect.width/2), rect.cy-int(rect.height/2)),
(rect.cx+int(rect.width/2), rect.cy+int(rect.height/2)),
color,
2)
rects = []
for rect in acc_rects:
r = al.AnnoRect()
r.x1 = rect.cx - rect.width/2.
r.x2 = rect.cx + rect.width/2.
r.y1 = rect.cy - rect.height/2.
r.y2 = rect.cy + rect.height/2.
r.score = rect.true_confidence
rects.append(r)
return image, rects
def to_x1y1x2y2(box):
w = tf.maximum(box[:, 2:3], 1)
h = tf.maximum(box[:, 3:4], 1)
x1 = box[:, 0:1] - w / 2
x2 = box[:, 0:1] + w / 2
y1 = box[:, 1:2] - h / 2
y2 = box[:, 1:2] + h / 2
return tf.concat(1, [x1, y1, x2, y2])
def intersection(box1, box2):
x1_max = tf.maximum(box1[:, 0], box2[:, 0])
y1_max = tf.maximum(box1[:, 1], box2[:, 1])
x2_min = tf.minimum(box1[:, 2], box2[:, 2])
y2_min = tf.minimum(box1[:, 3], box2[:, 3])
x_diff = tf.maximum(x2_min - x1_max, 0)
y_diff = tf.maximum(y2_min - y1_max, 0)
return x_diff * y_diff
def area(box):
x_diff = tf.maximum(box[:, 2] - box[:, 0], 0)
y_diff = tf.maximum(box[:, 3] - box[:, 1], 0)
return x_diff * y_diff
def union(box1, box2):
return area(box1) + area(box2) - intersection(box1, box2)
def iou(box1, box2):
return intersection(box1, box2) / union(box1, box2)
def to_idx(vec, w_shape):
'''
vec = (idn, idh, idw)
w_shape = [n, h, w, c]
'''
return vec[:, 2] + w_shape[2] * (vec[:, 1] + w_shape[1] * vec[:, 0])
def interp(w, i, channel_dim):
'''
Input:
w: A 4D block tensor of shape (n, h, w, c)
i: A list of 3-tuples [(x_1, y_1, z_1), (x_2, y_2, z_2), ...],
each having type (int, float, float)
The 4D block represents a batch of 3D image feature volumes with c channels.
The input i is a list of points to index into w via interpolation. Direct
indexing is not possible due to y_1 and z_1 being float values.
Output:
A list of the values: [
w[x_1, y_1, z_1, :]
w[x_2, y_2, z_2, :]
...
w[x_k, y_k, z_k, :]
]
of the same length == len(i)
'''
w_as_vector = tf.reshape(w, [-1, channel_dim]) # gather expects w to be 1-d
if(int(tf.__version__.split(".")[1])<13 and int(tf.__version__.split(".")[0])<2): ### for tf version < 13
upper_l = tf.to_int32(tf.concat(1, [i[:, 0:1], tf.floor(i[:, 1:2]), tf.floor(i[:, 2:3])]))
upper_r = tf.to_int32(tf.concat(1, [i[:, 0:1], tf.floor(i[:, 1:2]), tf.ceil(i[:, 2:3])]))
lower_l = tf.to_int32(tf.concat(1, [i[:, 0:1], tf.ceil(i[:, 1:2]), tf.floor(i[:, 2:3])]))
lower_r = tf.to_int32(tf.concat(1, [i[:, 0:1], tf.ceil(i[:, 1:2]), tf.ceil(i[:, 2:3])]))
else: ### for tf version >= 13
upper_l = tf.cast(tf.concat(1, [i[:, 0:1], tf.floor(i[:, 1:2]), tf.floor(i[:, 2:3])]),tf.int32)
upper_r = tf.cast(tf.concat(1, [i[:, 0:1], tf.floor(i[:, 1:2]), tf.ceil(i[:, 2:3])]),tf.int32)
lower_l = tf.cast(tf.concat(1, [i[:, 0:1], tf.ceil(i[:, 1:2]), tf.floor(i[:, 2:3])]),tf.int32)
lower_r = tf.cast(tf.concat(1, [i[:, 0:1], tf.ceil(i[:, 1:2]), tf.ceil(i[:, 2:3])]),tf.int32)
upper_l_idx = to_idx(upper_l, tf.shape(w))
upper_r_idx = to_idx(upper_r, tf.shape(w))
lower_l_idx = to_idx(lower_l, tf.shape(w))
lower_r_idx = to_idx(lower_r, tf.shape(w))
upper_l_value = tf.gather(w_as_vector, upper_l_idx)
upper_r_value = tf.gather(w_as_vector, upper_r_idx)
lower_l_value = tf.gather(w_as_vector, lower_l_idx)
lower_r_value = tf.gather(w_as_vector, lower_r_idx)
alpha_lr = tf.expand_dims(i[:, 2] - tf.floor(i[:, 2]), 1)
alpha_ud = tf.expand_dims(i[:, 1] - tf.floor(i[:, 1]), 1)
upper_value = (1 - alpha_lr) * upper_l_value + (alpha_lr) * upper_r_value
lower_value = (1 - alpha_lr) * lower_l_value + (alpha_lr) * lower_r_value
value = (1 - alpha_ud) * upper_value + (alpha_ud) * lower_value
return value
def bilinear_select(H, pred_boxes, early_feat, early_feat_channels, w_offset, h_offset):
'''
Function used for rezooming high level feature maps. Uses bilinear interpolation
to select all channels at index (x, y) for a high level feature map, where x and y are floats.
'''
grid_size = H['grid_width'] * H['grid_height']
outer_size = grid_size * H['batch_size']
fine_stride = 8. # pixels per 60x80 grid cell in 480x640 image
coarse_stride = H['region_size'] # pixels per 15x20 grid cell in 480x640 image
batch_ids = []
x_offsets = []
y_offsets = []
for n in range(H['batch_size']):
for i in range(H['grid_height']):
for j in range(H['grid_width']):
for k in range(H['rnn_len']):
batch_ids.append([n])
x_offsets.append([coarse_stride / 2. + coarse_stride * j])
y_offsets.append([coarse_stride / 2. + coarse_stride * i])
batch_ids = tf.constant(batch_ids)
x_offsets = tf.constant(x_offsets)
y_offsets = tf.constant(y_offsets)
pred_boxes_r = tf.reshape(pred_boxes, [outer_size * H['rnn_len'], 4])
scale_factor = coarse_stride / fine_stride # scale difference between 15x20 and 60x80 features
pred_x_center = (pred_boxes_r[:, 0:1] + w_offset * pred_boxes_r[:, 2:3] + x_offsets) / fine_stride
pred_x_center_clip = tf.clip_by_value(pred_x_center,
0,
scale_factor * H['grid_width'] - 1)
pred_y_center = (pred_boxes_r[:, 1:2] + h_offset * pred_boxes_r[:, 3:4] + y_offsets) / fine_stride
pred_y_center_clip = tf.clip_by_value(pred_y_center,
0,
scale_factor * H['grid_height'] - 1)
if(int(tf.__version__.split(".")[1])<13 and int(tf.__version__.split(".")[0])<2): ### for tf version < 1.13
interp_indices = tf.concat(1, [tf.to_float(batch_ids), pred_y_center_clip, pred_x_center_clip])
else: ### for tf version >= 1.13.0
interp_indices = tf.concat(1, [tf.cast(batch_ids,tf.float32), pred_y_center_clip, pred_x_center_clip])
return interp_indices
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'a058f0e27b9c2632f4cde594aaad7b5c5d5bdf87f30598d274603ad0ac652d98'} |
package org.iib.icdd2ams;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.UUID;
import org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Model;
import org.apache.jena.riot.RDFDataMgr;
import org.apache.jena.riot.RDFFormat;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.slf4j.Marker;
import org.slf4j.MarkerFactory;
import org.topbraid.shacl.rules.RuleUtil;
import org.topbraid.spin.util.JenaUtil;
public class ToSQL {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ToSQL.class);
private static final Marker Reasoning_MARKER = MarkerFactory.getMarker("icdd2ams");
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String date = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd-hh-mm").format(new Date());
UUID id = UUID.randomUUID();
Path path = Paths.get(".").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
String dataPath = path.toFile().getAbsolutePath() + "/src/main/resources/ams/input/insertData.ttl";
String pathMapping = path.toFile().getAbsolutePath() + "/src/main/resources/ams/mappings/amsRules.ttl";
String data = "file:" + dataPath;
String shape = "file:" + pathMapping;
Model dataModel = JenaUtil.createDefaultModel();
dataModel.read(data);
Model shapeModel = JenaUtil.createDefaultModel();
shapeModel.read(shape);
Model inferenceModel = JenaUtil.createDefaultModel();
inferenceModel = RuleUtil.executeRules(dataModel, shapeModel, inferenceModel, null);
String inferences = path.toFile().getAbsolutePath() + "/src/main/resources/ams/output/" + date
+ "_ToSQL_"+id+".ttl";
File inferencesFile = new File(inferences);
inferencesFile.createNewFile();
OutputStream reportOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(inferencesFile);
RDFDataMgr.write(reportOutputStream, inferenceModel, RDFFormat.TTL);
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.error(Reasoning_MARKER, t.getMessage(), t);
}
}
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/RUB-Informatik-im-Bauwesen/icdd2ams/blob/master/src/main/java/org/iib/icdd2ams/ToSQL.java', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'Apache-2.0', 'date': '2022.0', 'title': 'icdd2ams', 'creator': 'RUB-Informatik-im-Bauwesen', 'language': 'Java', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '154', 'token_count': '657', '__index_level_0__': '24883', 'original_id': '1464d408435d5fd70172d7986d0419526940bc76cb1d0ec249a2d51da62b6c53'} |
By Lu Richardson
This is a vast game, with loads of exploring to do, many quests to
complete and oodles of puzzles to solve - and the first time you
play it you will no doubt find your way impeded at every turn. Your
characters are so weak you will get killed time and again before you
can have a good look around. Very slow. Most frustrating.
If you are as impatient as I am, you'll want to whisk through the
game at first, then play it again more slowly (as it should be),
taking your time over it - perhaps discovering all manner of things
you missed the first time around.
Well, why not cheat? It's not all that difficult, really. When
you begin to get fed up of dying every five minutes, pause. Look at
your characters' stats. Make a note of their names followed by
their stats. Say Zoltan has 30 points of Might, 9 of the next
statistic, etc. Write it all down. Note also the skills. If you
have any points to spend, use them all on the very first one, for
each character, making a note of it. For instance, you may have at
the top an Axe skill of 3 for Zoltan, as an example. Now save your
game. Make a copy of it somewhere safe in case you mess up.
You need only convert the first stat figure of each character to
hexadecimal with a calculator: for instance, in the case of Zoltan,
30 will be 1E. Naturally, there is no need to convert, say, a 3,
since it will be 03 in hexadecimal.
Use an editor on your saved game and search for the name of each
character. Say your first one is Zoltan: find his name and then
look carefully through each following sector till you see 00 1E 00.
Change the 1E to 63, or whatever you want; then there will be a few
00s and then the next statistic. Change them all.
Then change the skills. If the first one is 3, look for 03. Change
it to 63. This will be followed by 00, which you leave alone, then
you can change the next 00 or 01, or whatever it is: you should end
up with a row of 63 00 63 00 63 00... until you have about 33 63s.
Changing the statistics will give you a lot more hit and mana
points, and you can then get on with the game and concentrate on
solving problems without worrying too much about your health. Or
finding those pesky people who improve your skills and whom you
can't ever remember, nor where they live. Of course, you'll still
have to become Grand Masters of certain things to really be able to
get on.
As to how to play the game, now that you can, the pattern in all M&M
RPGs is always the same: in each section of the map, you visit the
town, get info and quests, stay above ground to clear the sector of
nasties (getting advancement and items for your trouble, for which
you have to get back to the town), then you enter the various
suspicious buildings or go underground to fulfill your quests.
There is no need to follow a particular order to complete them.
Sometimes, you even have to leave one sector unfinished and go to
another one to find the necessaries to do what you have to do.
Play it by ear. That's the whole point of the exercise.
The Spoiler Centre | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9594390988349916}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '4388', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EH7PDBEAO2D5A2AESPD6DWUZUQDAGPT6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:24cc64d7-133d-4e75-ac38-236423509066>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 1, 22, 29, 20), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.236.42.18', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XCKQHRUJTZZKGTBQJBMX6AZUUOVUB6F2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:96fc2ff9-1d0c-417a-a21e-bdc994b7f2c6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.the-spoiler.com/RPG/New.World.Computing/might..magic.7.1.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d18a70c2-fe63-4835-9b63-a25e4fa8d2f9>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '592', 'url': 'http://www.the-spoiler.com/RPG/New.World.Computing/might..magic.7.1.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.028155028820037842', 'original_id': '1f47d286092be7d4e5c383f92446983a51e121f7b9de4456bd12c7e0924efd93'} |
Apple's Siri and the Future of Artificial Intelligence
Siri isn't quite cyberpunk
Apple's new iPhone 4S has met with record sales, topping the release of the iPhone 4 last year. The iPhone 4 debuted with 1.7 million units sold. The iPhone 4S is projected to sell anywhere between 2 and 4 million units by the end of this weekend.
With an improved camera and a faster chip, the iPhone 4S easily outpaces its predecessor as well as most of its competitors.
Even Samsung's Galaxy SII can't compete with the remarkable voice recognition software included on the new iPhone: Siri.
Siri is smart voice recognition software, capable of intuitively answering a wide array of questions from iPhone users. But Alexis Madrigal says it's more than that:
The genius of Siri is to combine the new type of information bot with the old type of human-helper bot. Instead of patterning Siri on a humanoid body, Apple used a human archetype -- the secretary or assistant. To do so, Apple gave Siri a voice and a set of skills that seem designed to make everyone feel like Don Draper. Siri listens to you and does what you say. "Take this down, Siri... Remind me to buy Helena flowers!" And if early reviews are any indication, the disembodied robot could be the next big thing in how we interact with our computers.
The way we interact with technology is changing rapidly. Recently, I.B.M. super-computer "Watson" beat its human competitors on Jeopardy. The intuitive way that Siri answers questions on the iPhone 4S is certainly reminiscent of Watson's ability to quickly parse through enormous amounts of data on the quiz show. How long before Watson is in our pocket, and Siri is just a thing of the past?
Of course, as Alexis points out we probably won't ever want our disembodied robots of the future to be smarter than we are, or at least we won't want them to occupy a status that suggests they're smarter than us. Science fiction authors have grappled with artificial intelligences and robots for decades.
Iain M. Banks's Culture novels describe an intergalactic techno-cratic-Utopia ruled over by computers called Minds - artificial intelligences so vast in intellect that they no longer require any inputs from humans at all.
William Gibson's Neuromancer posits a future in which artificial intelligences are strictly regulated by an international organization to prevent them from becoming too powerful. This scenario strikes me as more likely than a world ruled over by beneficent A.I. such as La from Joe Halderman's The Accidental Time Machine.
Either way, someday the voice recognition software on your smart phone will evolve. Already Siri goes beyond simple commands and simple answers. But whether the Watson of the future will be a Wintermute is impossible to say.
I write about video games, TV and movies. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.93306165933609}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '285477', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:M6V7OVT6DD7HGGXNKIBWBEBSJLWJP7R2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:6ad70ab8-928c-4a77-97c8-45789c59331a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 1, 34, 13), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.202.49', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MIEU5Y7SA57VNIM4QF6SJMQTYPFHJV5S', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d41f0f98-b0b3-435d-8fb5-48b51e65b0ac>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2011/10/15/apples-siri-and-the-future-of-artificial-intelligence/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:64a96ae2-7a3b-412a-ab20-0f75a90439cc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '477', 'url': 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2011/10/15/apples-siri-and-the-future-of-artificial-intelligence/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-63-206-104.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08701002597808838', 'original_id': 'ed433933a6e049209a17a3fa8264526db016d974831ec8e9670bffe0d87d9de9'} |
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package org.folio.audit.service;
import static org.folio.audit.util.Constant.*;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import org.folio.audit.util.AuditUtil;
import org.folio.audit.util.Constant;
import io.vertx.core.AsyncResult;
import io.vertx.core.Future;
import io.vertx.core.Handler;
import io.vertx.core.MultiMap;
import io.vertx.core.Vertx;
import io.vertx.core.http.HttpClient;
import io.vertx.core.http.HttpClientRequest;
import io.vertx.core.http.HttpServerRequest;
import io.vertx.core.json.Json;
import io.vertx.core.json.JsonArray;
import io.vertx.core.json.JsonObject;
import io.vertx.core.logging.Logger;
import io.vertx.core.logging.LoggerFactory;
import io.vertx.ext.web.RoutingContext;
public class AuditFilterService {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AuditFilterService.class);
private Vertx vertx;
// prevent circular audit filter call
private ConcurrentMap<String, Long> auditFilterIds = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
public AuditFilterService(Vertx vertx) {
this.vertx = vertx;
}
/**
* Implement Okapi PRE and POST filters.
*
* @param ctx
*/
public void prePostHandler(RoutingContext ctx) {
// async is only used at tests
boolean async = ctx.request().headers().contains(AUDIT_FILTER_ASYNC);
String phase = "" + ctx.request().headers().get(OKAPI_FILTER);
if (phase.startsWith(PHASE_POST)) {
JsonObject auditData = null;
try {
auditData = collectAuditData(ctx);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.warn("Error to extract auditData: ", e);
ctx.response().setStatusCode(500).end();
return;
}
if (auditData != null) {
try {
saveAuditData(ctx, auditData, handler -> {
if (async) {
if (handler.failed()) {
logger.warn("Error to save auditData: ", handler.cause());
ctx.response().setStatusCode(500);
}
ctx.response().end();
return;
}
});
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.warn("Error to save auditData: ", e);
ctx.response().setStatusCode(500).close();
return;
}
}
}
if (!async) {
ctx.response().end();
}
}
private void saveAuditData(RoutingContext ctx, JsonObject auditData, Handler<AsyncResult<Void>> handler) {
MultiMap headers = ctx.request().headers();
String auditPostUrl = headers.get(OKAPI_URL) + AUDIT_URL;
HttpClient client = vertx.createHttpClient();
String auditFilterId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
auditFilterIds.put(auditFilterId, System.currentTimeMillis());
HttpClientRequest request = client.postAbs(auditPostUrl, response -> {
response.exceptionHandler(th -> {
logger.error(th);
auditFilterIds.remove(auditFilterId);
handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(th));
});
if (response.statusCode() == 201) {
logger.debug("Created audit record: " + response.headers().get("location"));
handler.handle(Future.succeededFuture());
} else {
logger.error("Failed to create audit record. Status code: " + response.statusCode());
response.bodyHandler(b -> logger.error(b.toString()));
handler.handle(Future.failedFuture("Failed to create audit record"));
}
auditFilterIds.remove(auditFilterId);
});
request.exceptionHandler(th -> {
logger.error(th);
auditFilterIds.remove(auditFilterId);
handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(th));
});
request.putHeader(AUDIT_FILTER_ID, auditFilterId);
if (headers.contains(HTTP_HEADER_TENANT)) {
request.putHeader(HTTP_HEADER_TENANT, headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_TENANT));
}
if (headers.contains(HTTP_HEADER_TOKEN)) {
request.putHeader(HTTP_HEADER_TOKEN, headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_TOKEN));
}
request.putHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
request.putHeader("Accept", "application/json");
if (headers.contains(AUDIT_FILTER_TEST_CASE)) {
request.putHeader(AUDIT_FILTER_TEST_CASE, headers.get(AUDIT_FILTER_TEST_CASE));
}
request.setChunked(true);
request.write(Json.encode(auditData));
request.end();
}
private JsonObject collectAuditData(RoutingContext ctx) {
if (skipping(ctx)) {
return null;
}
JsonObject auditData = new JsonObject();
populateMainFields(auditData, ctx);
JsonObject bodyJson = getBodyAsJsonObject(ctx);
populateMainTarget(auditData, bodyJson, ctx);
populateExtraFields(auditData, bodyJson, ctx);
populateAllDataForDebugging(auditData, ctx);
return auditData;
}
// skipping
private boolean skipping(RoutingContext ctx) {
MultiMap headers = ctx.request().headers();
// skip self-calling
if (headers.contains(AUDIT_FILTER_ID)) {
auditFilterIds.remove(headers.get(AUDIT_FILTER_ID));
return true;
}
// skip GET
String method = headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_REQUEST_METHOD);
return ("GET".equals(method) || "200".equals(headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_MODULE_RES)));
}
// populate main fields
private void populateMainFields(JsonObject auditData, RoutingContext ctx) {
HttpServerRequest req = ctx.request();
MultiMap headers = req.headers();
auditData.put("timestamp", headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_REQUEST_TIMESTAMP));
auditData.put("tenant", headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_TENANT));
auditData.put("user", headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_USER));
String okapiToken = headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_TOKEN);
if (okapiToken != null && !okapiToken.isEmpty()) {
auditData.put("login", AuditUtil.decodeOkapiToken(okapiToken).getString("sub"));
}
auditData.put("method", headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_REQUEST_METHOD));
auditData.put("uri", req.absoluteURI());
auditData.put("path", ctx.normalisedPath());
if (!req.params().isEmpty()) {
auditData.put("params", AuditUtil.convertMultiMapToJsonObject(req.params()));
}
if (!ctx.pathParams().isEmpty()) {
auditData.put("path_params",
AuditUtil.convertMultiMapToJsonObject(MultiMap.caseInsensitiveMultiMap().addAll(ctx.pathParams())));
}
auditData.put("request_id", headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_REQUEST_ID));
addResult(ctx, HTTP_HEADER_AUTH_RES, auditData, "auth");
addResult(ctx, HTTP_HEADER_MODULE_RES, auditData, "module");
}
// populate main target type and id
private void populateMainTarget(JsonObject auditData, JsonObject bodyJson, RoutingContext ctx) {
HttpServerRequest req = ctx.request();
MultiMap headers = req.headers();
String method = headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_REQUEST_METHOD);
String path = ctx.normalisedPath();
if ("201".equals(headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_MODULE_RES)) && headers.contains(HTTP_HEADER_LOCATION)) {
addTarget(auditData, headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_LOCATION), path);
} else {
switch (method) {
case "POST":
if (auditData.containsKey("auth_error") || auditData.containsKey("module_error")) {
break;
}
if (bodyJson != null) {
auditData.put(AUDIT_TARGET_TYPE, path.replaceFirst("/", ""));
findId(bodyJson, auditData);
if (!auditData.containsKey(AUDIT_TARGET_ID)) {
auditData.put(AUDIT_TARGET_ID, bodyJson.iterator().next().getValue());
}
}
break;
case "PUT":
case "DELETE":
addTarget(auditData, ctx.normalisedPath(), ctx.normalisedPath());
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
// populate extra fields
private void populateExtraFields(JsonObject auditData, JsonObject bodyJson, RoutingContext ctx) {
MultiMap headers = ctx.request().headers();
if (bodyJson != null) {
JsonObject moreTargets = new JsonObject();
findExtraIds(bodyJson, moreTargets, "");
if (!moreTargets.isEmpty()) {
auditData.put("extra_targets", moreTargets);
}
}
auditData.put("ip", headers.get(HTTP_HEADER_REQUEST_IP));
for (String header : HTTP_HEADER_EXTRA) {
if (headers.contains(header)) {
auditData.put(header, headers.get(header));
}
}
}
// capture all headers and trimmed body for debugging purpose
private void populateAllDataForDebugging(JsonObject auditData, RoutingContext ctx) {
MultiMap headers = ctx.request().headers();
if (headers.contains(AUDIT_FILTER_VERBOSE)) {
JsonObject reqHeaders = new JsonObject();
headers.forEach(entry -> {
String key = entry.getKey();
String value = entry.getValue();
if (reqHeaders.containsKey(key)) {
Object obj = reqHeaders.getValue(key);
if (obj instanceof JsonArray) {
((JsonArray) obj).add(value);
} else {
reqHeaders.put(key, new JsonArray().add(obj).add(value));
}
} else {
reqHeaders.put(key, value);
}
});
auditData.put("raw_headers", reqHeaders);
// capture body for now
String bodyString = ctx.getBodyAsString();
if (bodyString.length() > 2000) {
bodyString = bodyString.substring(0, 1000) + "...";
}
try {
auditData.put("raw_body", new JsonObject(bodyString));
} catch (Exception e) {
auditData.put("raw_body", bodyString);
}
logger.debug(Json.encodePrettily(auditData));
}
}
private JsonObject getBodyAsJsonObject(RoutingContext ctx) {
if (ctx.request().getHeader("Content-Type").toLowerCase().contains("json")) {
try {
return new JsonObject(ctx.getBodyAsString());
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.warn("Failed to convert to JSON: " + ctx.getBodyAsString());
}
}
return null;
}
private void findId(JsonObject bodyJson, JsonObject parent) {
bodyJson.iterator().forEachRemaining(entry -> {
if (entry.getKey().equalsIgnoreCase("id")) {
parent.put(AUDIT_TARGET_ID, entry.getValue());
} else if (entry.getValue() instanceof JsonObject) {
findId((JsonObject) entry.getValue(), parent);
}
});
}
private void findExtraIds(JsonObject bodyJson, JsonObject parent, String path) {
bodyJson.iterator().forEachRemaining(entry -> {
String key = entry.getKey();
key = path.isEmpty() ? key : path + "/" + key;
Object val = entry.getValue();
if (val instanceof JsonObject) {
findExtraIds((JsonObject) val, parent, key);
} else if (val instanceof JsonArray) {
findExtraIds((JsonArray) val, parent, key);
} else if (AuditUtil.isUUID("" + val)) {
if (parent.containsKey(key)) {
if (parent.getValue(key) instanceof JsonArray) {
JsonArray ja = parent.getJsonArray(key);
int jaSize = ja.size();
if (jaSize < Constant.ID_LIMIT) {
ja.add(val);
} else if (jaSize == Constant.ID_LIMIT) {
ja.add("...");
}
} else {
JsonArray ja = new JsonArray();
ja.add(parent.getValue(key)).add(val);
parent.put(key, ja);
}
} else {
parent.put(key, val);
}
}
});
}
private void findExtraIds(JsonArray bodyJson, JsonObject parent, String path) {
bodyJson.forEach(elem -> {
if (elem instanceof JsonObject) {
findExtraIds((JsonObject) elem, parent, path);
} else if (elem instanceof JsonArray) {
findExtraIds((JsonArray) elem, parent, path + "/");
}
});
}
private void addTarget(JsonObject parent, String path, String fallbackPath) {
String[] ss = path.split(Pattern.quote("/"));
// only if the last piece is UUID
String tid = ss[ss.length - 1];
if (AuditUtil.isUUID(tid)) {
String ttype = path.replace(tid, "").trim();
// in case path only contains UUID
if (ttype.replace("/", "").isEmpty()) {
ttype = fallbackPath.replace(tid, "").trim();
}
// in case Location header is not populated consistently
if (ttype.toLowerCase().startsWith("http")) {
ttype = fallbackPath.replace(tid, "").trim();
}
if (ttype.startsWith("/")) {
ttype = ttype.substring(1, ttype.length());
}
if (ttype.endsWith("/")) {
ttype = ttype.substring(0, ttype.length() - 1);
}
parent.put(AUDIT_TARGET_TYPE, ttype);
parent.put(AUDIT_TARGET_ID, tid);
}
}
private void addResult(RoutingContext ctx, String resultType, JsonObject parent, String key) {
if (ctx.request().headers().contains(resultType)) {
int result = Integer.parseInt(ctx.request().headers().get(resultType));
parent.put(key + "_result", result);
if (result < 200 || result >= 300) {
addChild(parent, key + "_error", ctx.getBodyAsString());
}
}
}
private void addChild(JsonObject parent, String key, String value) {
if (value == null || value.trim().isEmpty()) {
return;
}
try {
JsonObject jo = new JsonObject(value);
parent.put(key, new JsonObject().put("body", jo));
} catch (Exception e) {
parent.put(key, new JsonObject().put("body", value));
}
}
}
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Climbing Mount Kinabalu Content from the guide to life, the universe and everything
Climbing Mount Kinabalu
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Feel like walking up a popular and challenging mountain but don't think you can manage Mount Kilimanjaro? Another option could be Mount Kinabalu in Malaysian Borneo. At the satisfying altitude of 4096 metres and with a well-maintained path running all the way to the summit, around 1000 people make it to the top every year. Judging from the visitor's book, quite a few of them even enjoy the experience.
Mount Kinabalu is two hours' drive from Kota Kinabalu, the capital of Sabah, one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Climbing a mountain is only one of the interesting things to do in Sabah - other options include visiting the tropical rainforest, diving on the east coast of Borneo or stocking up on cheap DVDs in Kota Kinabalu.
Interesting Facts about Mount Kinabalu
Mount Kinabalu is considered to be the highest mountain in South East Asia, although there are higher mountains in Indonesia, on the island of Irian Jaya (Indonesian New Guinea). These include Puncak Jaya, also known as Carstensz Pyramid, which is 4884 metres high. This is generally considered as part of Oceania and is climbed as such by people who like to climb the highest mountain on all of the seven continents.
There are two theories about the origin of the name Kinabalu. The first is that Kinabalu stands for 'Chinese widow' with Kina being a corruption of China and Balu being a commonly-used term for widow in the local languages. The story goes that a Chinese prince visited the region and climbed the mountain. This was either to look for a giant pink pearl or to slay a dragon that was terrorising the neighbourhood, or both of the above. After accomplishing these mighty deeds he fell in love with and married a local girl. He then returned to China, promising to come back for her, but never did. If that's too sad for you, an alternative explanation is that it stands for 'the revered place of dead' in the local language.
The first person to climb the mountain was Sir Hugh Low, a British colonial officer, in 1851. The indigenous peoples of Sabah didn't climb the mountain to the top because they believed that it was sacred and home to mountain spirits. Probably also because they considered it a pointless activity - nothing to eat at 4000 metres after all... He relates that the hardest bit of the expedition was hacking through the jungle from the coast to reach the base of the mountain. During the ascent his local guides required the sacrifice of white cockerels at a regular basis along the trail, in order to appease the mountain spirits. It is now not necessary to strangle one's own chicken, as the sacrifice is performed annually with the appropriate ceremony.
Every year Mount Kinabalu is the scene of a 'climbathon' where very fit men and women run up and down the mountain. In 2002 there were 250 participants from 21 countries. The record for the men is held by Ricardo Mejia from Mexico in a time of 2 hours and 37 minutes. The fastest woman so far is Anna Pichrtova from the Czech Republic in a time of 3 hours and 8 minutes.
Nine British army soldiers had a close shave on the mountain in 1994. They had attempted to abseil down the notorious Low's Gully, a mile-deep cleft down one side of the mountain. A month later they had to be rescued, having apparently survived the last week with no food other than mints...
Equipment Required
No specialised mountaineering equipment is required. You will, however, need:
• Comfortable walking boots that you have worn before.
• Warm clothing. Although the weather will be literally tropical at the base of the mountain, it could be cold, windy and raining, or all three, at the top. This means you should take a waterproof and windproof jacket, and a fleece or similar. A pair of gloves and a woolly hat or balaclava could also be handy. If you begin the walk in shorts don't forget to put a pair of trousers in your rucksack.
• Sunscreen and a cap. You're in the tropics, after all...
• A water bottle. 1.5 litres would be ideal. Take water purification tablets if you normally drink a lot - that way you can fill up from the numerous taps along the route.
• A torch, preferably a head torch.
• Some chocolate or other high energy food. If you're going with an organised group they will probably give you some sandwiches and fruit, but check before you head off.
• Camera and film. There are some fantastic views if it is not misty.
• A walking pole or two (preferably telescopic) particularly if you have dodgy knees.
• Finally, someone in your group should have a basic mountain first aid kit. The guides may have one - but they may not.
Climbing Mount Kinabalu will cost you about 120 - 150 Malaysian Ringgits (£17.50 - £23.50, 30 - 40 Euros or US Dollars, all at the time of writing) in park and guide fees, accommodation and water.
Facilities on the Trail
There are three reasons why you can get away with taking so little equipment up what is after all quite a high mountain. Firstly, it's a walk. There are a few bits at the very top that are a little bit trickier but a rope in situ protects them. Secondly, it is obligatory to have a local mountain guide with you. These aren't particularly well-equipped or highly-trained but they do the climb three times a week and so clearly know the mountain and its potential hazards well. Thirdly, there are water taps and little huts to rest in at regular intervals along the route, and at the overnight camp there is a mountain hut with hot food and dormitories for you to sleep in.
The Different Stages of the Trail
One of the highlights of the climb is the way you move through different ecosystems as you get higher. You start the walk at an altitude of 1829 metres and still firmly in the tropical rainforest - you may see pitcher plants in wait for unwary insects, or orchids if you are lucky.
As you get higher up, you enter the montane oak area. If it's the right season, you will see rhododendrons in bloom. When you stop at the picnic spots you are quite likely to see a mountain squirrel after your chocolate.
At the end of the first day, you leave the montane oaks behind and the trees become progressively more stunted and gnarly. Alpine meadow plants can also be found up to the mountain hut where you stay overnight (altitude of 3353 metres).
Finally, the summit itself is a bare granite slab on which nothing but lichen grows.
You can find more information on the flora and fauna of Mount Kinabalu here.
Some Common Sense Safety Tips
In many ways Mount Kinabalu is an extremely safe mountain to climb. However, it is still over 4000 metres high and therefore should be treated with respect. There have been accidents in the past.
Listen to your Body
Altitude sickness is a possibility. If you begin to feel nauseous or develop a severe headache then you may be suffering from altitude sickness. This is where common sense is required. If it is just a slight headache then you can do what many people do, take an aspirin and finish the climb. If it's worse than that then you should go down. You can reduce the impact of the altitude by taking the climb at your own pace and drinking plenty of water.
You don't need to be super fit to climb Kinabalu. However, you are more likely to find the 2000 metres of height gain enjoyable if you have taken regular exercise before leaving for your holiday in Borneo.
Be Careful on the Top Section
When you leave the hut at 3am on the second day it will be dark. You will quickly get to a section where a thick white rope has been placed. If you follow this rope to the top then you can't get lost. You don't have to hold onto it all the way up, but keep it in view.
On the way down, don't run down the summit slabs. Several people break a limb doing this every year, when they get to a bit where it steepens and find that they are unable to stop...
Stay with your guide and with the rest of your group until you leave this top section. This reduces the chance of someone getting lost and means that if you were unlucky enough to slip and fall, help will be with you quickly.
So - Is it Worth it?
Yes. The views are magnificent and although experienced mountaineers may find the route (and especially the summit) a bit crowded, there is a real sense of camaraderie among the walkers. There are very few mountains where you will see such a range of vegetation, and few of this altitude that you can walk up with such a nice light rucksack. If that's not enough for you, you even get a certificate to pin on your wall back home...
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OPINION
THOMAS M. TWARDOWSKI, Bankruptcy Judge.
This case is before us on the debtors' application to withdraw an application for reaffirmation. The creditors with whom the debtors originally agreed to reaffirm object to the proposed withdrawal, and assert that the agreement is enforceable, notwithstanding the fact that this court has not approved the reaffirmation agreement. For reasons hereinafter given, we grant the debtors' application to withdraw.
The facts of this case are as follows:
In September of 1978, the debtors entered into an agreement with William and Gloria Kiefer [hereinafter, the Kiefers], whereby the debtors agreed to purchase a parcel of real property from the Kiefers. The purchase was financed in part by a loan from the First National Bank of Allentown, and in part by a loan from the Kiefers. To secure repayment of the loans, the debtors granted a mortgage to the Bank, and executed a judgment note in favor of the Kief-ers. The judgment note contained a confession of judgment clause, which permitted the Kiefers to docket a judgment against the debtors, which the Kiefers did on November 20, 1978. The judgment was filed in the office of the Prothonotary of Northampton County, Pennsylvania, which created a lien on the debtors real property in that county. 42 Pa.Cons.Stat.Ann. § 4303 (Purdon). The transaction was closed in November of 1978, and the debtors went into possession of the premises.
In December of 1979, the debtors filed a joint voluntary petition seeking relief under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code [11 U.S.C. § 101-1330 (1979); hereinafter, the Code]. Shortly after the first meeting of creditors, the debtors entered into separate reaffirmation agreements with both the Kiefers and the Bank. Prior to the regularly scheduled discharge hearing, the debtors filed an application to reaffirm, apparently seeking court approval of the agreement. The discharge hearing was held on May 28, 1980, whereupon the court conducted the statutorily mandated colloquy with the debtors. The court informed the debtors that the reaffirmation agreements were not required under any provision of the Code. Apparently, the debtors had executed the agreements under the mistaken impression that the reaffirmation agreements were necessary in order for them to retain possession of the real property. The court did not rule on the issue of whether the agreements were in the best interests of the debtors, see, 11 U.S.C. § 524(c)(4) (1979), as the debtors indicated a desire to reconsider the reaffirmation agreements, whereupon the discharge hearing was continued.
On June 11, 1980, the debtors filed an application to amend their petition to include as exempt their interest in the real property. On June 26, 1980, the debtors filed the instant application to withdraw the application to reaffirm with respect to the agreement with the Kiefers. The Kief-ers opposed the application to withdraw at the continued discharge hearing on July 24, 1980.
11 U.S.C. § 524(c) (1979) deals with the enforceability of reaffirmation agreements. The section lists one conditional and three absolute requirements for a reaffirmation agreement to be enforceable. First, the agreement must be made prior to the granting of the discharge; second, the court must have conducted the "discharge colloquy" as required by Section 524(d); third, in cases concerning an individual, if the debt upon which the reaffirmation is based is a consumer debt not secured by real property, the court has inquired into the effect and purpose of the reaffirmation, and approved the agreement; and finally, the debtor must not have rescinded the agreement within 30 days after the agreement becomes enforceable.
The Kiefers argue that their agreement with the debtors is one "secured by real property," and that therefore, no court approval is necessary for the enforcement of the agreement. Further, they argue that the agreement became enforceable upon its execution by debtors and the passage of thirty days from that date. The Kiefers' seem to believe that the original application to reaffirm was meaningless.
Without deciding the question of whether the lien obtained by docketing of a confessed judgment makes the underlying debt one "secured by real property," we conclude that the Kiefers' arguments are without merit. Those arguments fail to take into account the provisions of Section 524(c)(3). While it is true that the colloquy has been conducted in this case, we conclude that if it is from the last event which confers "preliminary" enforceability — here, the discharge colloquy — that the thirty day period begins to run. Whether or not court approval is necessary for "preliminary" enforceability, we fail to see how the provisions of Section 524(c)(3) can be overlooked. The debtors have reconsidered the agreement and have sought to rescind it within the thirty days beginning with the date of the discharge colloquy. We believe it clear that, under these circumstances, debtors need not comply with the terms of the agreement with the Kiefers.
The legislative history of Section 524(c) makes it clear that the provisions for the enforceability of reaffirmation agreements were not met with unanimous approval by those drafting the Code. Indeed, the final draft of Section 524(c) is somewhat of a compromise, with strict judicial scrutiny of most agreements, and a fully informed debtor in all, a prerequisite to enforceability.
The debtors are entitled to reconsider their reaffirmation agreements once all other prerequisites to enforceability have been met, and they have done so. For all the above reasons, the debtors application to withdraw is granted.
. This opinion constitutes the findings of fact and conclusions of law as required by Rule 752 of the Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure.
. The real property contained improvements in that a mobile home was on the parcel. The Kiefers do not contend that the mobile home is subject to their lien.
. 11 U.S.C. § 524(d) (1979) provides:
(d) in a case concerning an individual, when the court has determined whether to grant or not to grant a discharge under section 727, 1141, or 1328 of this title, the court shall hold a hearing at which the debtor shall appear in person. At such hearing, the court shall inform the debtor that a discharge has been granted or the reason why a discharge has not been granted. If a discharge has been granted and if the debtor desires to make an agreement of the kind specified in subsection (c) of this section, then at such hearing the court shall—
(1) inform the debtor—
(A) that such an agreement is not required under this title, under nonbankruptcy law, or under any agreement not made in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section; and
(B) of the legal effect and consequences of—
(i) an agreement of the kind specified in subsection (c) of this section; and
(ii) a default under such an agreement;
(2) determine whether the agreement that the debtor desires to make complies with the requirements of subsection (c)(4) of this subsection, if the consideration for such agreement is based in whole or in part on a consumer debt that is not secured by real property of the debtor.
. Rule 110 of the Rules of Bankruptcy procedure allows for the amendment of a voluntary petition "as a matter of course at any time before the case is closed." We granted this application by order dated November 6, 1980.
The debtors have since sought to avoid the Kiefers' lien to the "xtent it impairs their claimed exemption pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 522(f) (1979). That application and objections to it remain pending a hearing on the matter.
. Section 524(c) of the Code provides:
(c) An agreement between a holder of a claim and the debtor, the consideration for which, in whole or in part, is based on a debt that is dischargeable in a case under this title is enforceable only to any extent enforceable under applicable nonbankruptcy law, whether or not discharge of such debt is waived, only if—
(1) such agreement was made before the granting of the discharge under section 727, 1141, or 1328 of this title;
(2) the debtor has not rescinded such agreement within 30 days after such agreement becomes enforceable;
(3) the provisions of subsection (d) of this section have been complied with; and
(4) in a case concerning an individual, to the extent that such debt is a consumer debt that is not secured by real property of the debtor, the court approves such agreement as—
(A)(i) not imposing an undue hardship on the debtor or a dependent of the debtor; and
(ii) in the best interest of the debtor; or
(B)(i) entered into in good faith; and
(ii) in settlement of litigation under section 523 of this title, or providing for redemption under section 722 of this title.
. See, In re Coots, 4 B.R. 281, 2 C.B.C.2d 233, 6 BCA 429 (Bkrtcy.S.D.Ohio 1980).
. A literal reading of the statute results in a non-sequitur. The statute premises enforceability of the agreement upon the debtor not having rescinded within 30 days of the date the agreement becomes enforceable. Thus, the effect of the document is predicated upon the occurrence, or non-occurrence, of an act which can only take place when the effect is known. Despite the confused wording of the statute, the intent of Section 524(c)(2) that the debtor have a thirty day reconsideration period remains clear.
. See, 124 Cong.Rec. S14743 (daily ed. Sept. 7, 1978) (remarks of Sen. Kennedy).
. See 124 Cong.Rec. HI 1096 (daily ed. Sept. 28, 1978) (remarks of Rep. Edwards); 124 Cong. Rec. S27406 (daily ed. Oct. 6, 1978) (remarks of Sen. Wallop)..
| common_corpus | {'identifier': '6540689_1', 'collection': 'Caselaw Access Project', 'open_type': 'Open Government', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1981.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '1590', 'token_count': '2182', '__index_level_0__': '52705', 'original_id': '72fd98f30cbee7a92279346b26f6191b142c59b0943e94202867f1f984625a59'} |
package net.metadata.dataspace.data.sequencer;
import net.metadata.dataspace.data.access.FullNameDao;
import net.metadata.dataspace.data.model.context.FullName;
import net.metadata.dataspace.util.DaoHelper;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* Author: alabri
* Date: 15/04/11
* Time: 4:56 PM
*/
public class FullNameSequencer extends AbstractAtomicSquencer {
public FullNameSequencer(FullNameDao fullNameDao) {
FullName fullName = fullNameDao.getMostRecentInserted();
if (fullName == null) {
atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0);
} else {
//fullNameDao.refresh(fullName);
final int BASE_THIRTY_ONE = 31;
String uriKey = fullName.getUriKey();
atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(DaoHelper.fromOtherBaseToDecimal(BASE_THIRTY_ONE, uriKey));
}
}
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/uq-eresearch/dataspace/blob/master/data-registry-webapp/src/main/java/net/metadata/dataspace/data/sequencer/FullNameSequencer.java', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '2018.0', 'title': 'dataspace', 'creator': 'uq-eresearch', 'language': 'Java', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '66', 'token_count': '267', '__index_level_0__': '10092', 'original_id': 'b240873cb166d95a82ad0570342a678ea6aa08c56dfe154fb4204e9c08eabb56'} |
Wife. Sir I return his love and jewel with scorn} let go my hand, or I shall call my husband. You are an arrant knave. - { Exit. Lodovico. What will she do? Bots. Do? they shall all do if Bots sets upon them once: she was as if she had profest the trade, squeam- ish at first, at last I shewed ‘her this jewel, said, a knight sent it her. Lodovico. Is’t gold, and right stones ? Bots. Copper, copper, I go a fishing with these baits. Lodovico. She nibbled, but would not swallow the hook, because the cunger-head -her husband was by: but she bids the gentleman name any afternoon, and she'll meet him at her garden-house, which I know.* Bots. Is this no lye now? Lodovico. Damn me if — Bots. Oh pr’ythee stay there. Lodovico. The twenty crowns, sir. Bots.. Before he has his work done? but on my knightly word, he shall pay’t thee. Enter Astotro, BERALDO, Font1NELL, and the Trish Footman. Astolfo. I thought thou-had’st been gone into thine own country. Bryan. No faat la, I.cannot go dis four or tree dayes. Beraldo. Look thee, yonder’s the shop, and that’s the man himself, Fontinell. Thou shalt but cheapen, and do as we told thee, to put a jest upon him, to abuse his patience. Bryan. 1 faat, I doubt my ‘pate shall be knocked : but sa crees sa me, for your shakes, I will runne to any linen-draper in hell, come preddy. Omnes. Save you, gallants. Ludovico and Carolo. Oh, well met! * Itis doubtful if there be not some confusion here, what Bots says being given to Lodovico, and vice versa. It stands now as in the old copy. O.G. $C. 1.| THE HONEST WHORE, 379 Candido. You'll give no more you say? I cannot take it. Horseleach. Truly [ll give no more. Candido. It must not fetch it. What wo’d you have, sweet gentlemen ? Astolfo.. Nay, here’s the customer. [ Lreunt Bots cen Horseleach. Ledovico. The garden-house you say? we'll bolt out your roguery.* . Candido. I will but lay these parcels by—My men are all at Custom-house unloading wares, if cambrick you wo’d deal in, there’s the best, all Milan cannot sample it. Lodovico. Do you hear? 1. 2.3. S’foot, there came in 4. Gallants, sure your wife is slipt up, and the 4th -man I hold my life is grafting your warden-tree®, Candido. Ha, ha, bats you g wentlenien are full of jest. If she be up, she’s gone some wares to show, I have above as eood wares as below. Lodovico. Have you so? nay then— Candido. Now, gentlemen, is’t cambricks ? Bryan. I predee now Jet me have de best wares. Candido. What’s that he says, pray, gentlemen ? Lodovicn. Marry, he says we are like to have the best wars. Candido. The best wars! all are bad, yet wars do good, And, like to surgeons, let sick kingdoms blood. + Bryan. Faat a devil pratest tow so, a pox on dee, I preddee let me see some hollen, to make linen shirts, for fear my body be lousy. Candido. Indeed I understand no word he speaks. Carolo. Marry, he says, that at the siege in Holland * i. e. sift out your roguery. 2 warden-tree] A pear-tree. ‘‘ Volemum. Plin. Volema autem ‘“‘ pyra sunt pregrandia, ita dicta, quod impleant volam.” Barret’s Alvearie. The French call this pear arth garde. See Mr. Steevens’s Note on The Winter’s Tale, A. 4. + The Irishman pronounces wares like wars, oath Lodovico uses to play upon the word: hitherto this point, such as it is, has been lost by misprinting. C. PE a I ne ab. fee fr TL a ae RSE a Soran see eater) 5 RE es oe ~— c , ete 5 i SN pile Piya Se yas ? ™ x A 2 2 oe va " ioe poet, J. P/ ’ Z y “ - = ~ —- - - — —_ eS fans = rs CM odie he ee - a Tt fem y LES 380 THE SECOND PART OF prOr i: there was much bawdry used among the soldiers, though they were lousy. Candido. It may be so, that’s likely, true indeed, In every garden, sir, does grow that weed. Bryan, Pox. on de gardens, and de weeds, and de fooles cap dere, and de cloutes; here, dost make a hobby-horse of me ? Omnes. Oh, fie, he has torn the cambrick. Candido. ’Tis no matter. Astolfo. It frets me to the soul. Candido. So does’t not me. My customers do oft for remnants call, These are two remnants now, no loss at all. But let me tell you, were my servants here, It would have cost more.—Thank you gentlemen, I use you well, pray know my shop again. [ Exit. Omnes. Ha, ha, ha; come, come, let’s go, let’s go, [ Exeuni Enter Matueo (érave®) and BELLAFRONT. Matheo. How, am I suited, Front? am I not gal- lant, ha? Bellafront. Yes, sir, you are suited well. Matheo. Exceeding passing well, and to the time. Bellafront. The taylor has plaid his part with you. Matheo, And I have plaid a gentleman’s part with my taylor, for I owe him for the making of it. Bellafront. And why did you so, sir? Matheo. To keep the fashion: It’s your only fashion now of your best rank of gallants, to make their taylors wait for their money; neither were it wisdom indeed to 27 brave] i.e. fine, gaudily dressed. As, in Lyly’s Euphues and hi* England, p. 67 : ‘‘ — another layeth all his living upon his backe’ «‘ judging that women are wedded to braverie.”’ The Pwture, by Massinger, A. 3. 8. 6: «*« And to how many several women you are “« Beholding for your bravery.” The Emperor of the East, A. 2. S.1: ‘* — her bravery “* So alters her, I had forgot her face.” Thid. A. 4, S.1: “« T’ve built no palaces to face the Court, “‘ Nor do my follower’s bravery shame his train.’ b sc. I.] THE HONEST WHORE, 381 pay them upon the first edition of a new suit ; forcom- monly the suit is owing for, when the linings are worn out, and there’s no reason then, that the taylor should be paid before the mercer. Bellafront. Is this the suit the knght bestowed upon ou ? * Matheo. This is the suit, and I need not shame to wear it, for better men than I would be glad to have suits bestowed on them. It’s a generous fellow,—but —pox on him—we whose pericranions are the very limbecks and stillitories of good wit, and fly high, must drive liquor out of stale gaping oysters. Shallow knight! poor Squire Tinacheo: I’ll make a wild Ca- taian* of forty such: hang him, he’s an ass, he’s always sober. Bellafront. This is your fault to wound your friends still. Matheo. No faith, Front, Lodovico is a noble Sla- yonian : it’s more rare to see him in a woman’s com- pany, then for a Spaniard to go into England, and. to challenge the English fencers there—One knocks,— See—La, fa, sol, la, fa, la, rustle in silks and sattins : there’s-musick in this, and a taffety petticoat, it makes both fly high,—Catzo. Enter BeLtarront, after her OnLanvo, like himself, . with four Men after him. Bellafront. Matheo! ’tis my father. Matheo. Ha, father? it’s no matter, he finds no tatter’d prodigals here. Orlando. Is not the door good enough to hold your blue coats? away, knaves. Wear not your cloaths thread-bare.at knees for me; beg heaven’s blessing not mine. Oh,cry your worship mercy, sir; wassomewhat bold to taik to this gentlewoman, your wife here. Matheo A poor gentlewoman, sir. Orlando. Stand not, sir, bare to me. I have read oft That serpents who creep low, belch ranker poison 2 — qwild Captain of forty such :] i.e. forty such shallow knights, &c. would go to the composition of a dexterous thief. See a note on the Merry Wives of Windsor, last Edition, p. 265. 332 THE SECOND PART OF fact. Than winged dragons do, that fly aloft. Matheo. If it offend you, sir, ’tis for my pleasure. Orlando. Your pleasure be’t, sir; umh, is this your palace ? Bellafront. Yes, and our kingdom, for ’tis our con- tent. Orlando. It’s a very poor kingdom then; what, are all your subjects gone a sheep-shearing? not a maid? not aman? not so much as a cat? you keep a good house belike, just like one of your profession, every room with bare walls, and a half-headed bed to vault upon (as all your bawdy-houses are). Pray who are your upholsterers? Oh, the spiders, I see, they bestow hangings upon youn. Matheo. Bawdy-house! Zounds! sir— Bellafront. Oh, sweet Matheo, peace. Upon my knees I do beseech you, sir, not to arraign me For sins, which heaven, I hope, long since hath par- doned. Those flames (like lightning flashes) are so spent, The heat no more remains, than where ships went, Or where birds cut the air, the print remains. Matheo. Pox on him, kneel to a dog? Bellafront. She that’s a whore Lives gallant, fares well, is not (like me) poor, I have now as small acquaintance with that sin, As if I had never known it; that, never been. Orlando. No acquaintance with it! what maintains thee then? how dost live then? has thy husband any lands? any rents coming in, any stock going, any ploughs jogging, any ships sailing? hast thou any wares to turn, so much as to get a single penny by ? yes, thou hast ware to sell, Knaves are thy chapmen; and thy shop is hell. Matheo. Do you hear, sir ? Orlando. So, sir, I do hear, sir, more of you than you dream I do. Matheo. You fly a little too high, sir. Orlando. Why, sir, too high ? BS Seo ~*~ 42M : ee | 2 yay BE es 3 a if = 8 2 : yt ec. ee - AE fii water a 2 net nt nt eetipe een NR SE SC..1.] THE HONEST WHORE. 383 Matheo. I have suffered your tongue, like }°a bard eater tra, to run‘all this while, and have not stopt it. Orlando, Well, sir, you talk like a gamester. Matheo. If you come to bark at her, because she’s a poor rogue; look you, here’s a fine path, sir, and there, there the door. Bellafront. Matheo! ,, Matheo. Your blue coats stay for you, sir. { love a good honest roaring boy, and so— Orlando. That’s the devil. Matheo. Sir, sir, Vl] have no Joves in my house to thunder Avaunt! she shall live and. be maintained, when you, like a keg of musty sturgeon, shall stink. Where? in your coffin. How? be a musty fellow, and lousy. Orlando. I know she shall be maintained, but how? she like a quean, thou like a knave; she like a whore, thou like a thief. Matheo. Thief! zounds, thief! Bellafront. Good, dearest Mat.—Father. Matheo. Pox on you both, I'll not be braved: new sattin scorns to be put down with bare bawdy velvet. Thief? Orlando, Aye, thief; th’art a murtherer, a cheater, a whore-monger, a pot-hunter, a borrower, a beggar— 19 a bard cater tra] The following passage from The Art of Jug- gling, or Legerdemaine, by S. R. 4to. 1612, Sign. C 4, will sufficiently explain the terms above used: ‘‘ First you must know a langret, “‘ which is a die that simple men have seldom heard of, but often “* seene to their cost; and this is a well-favoured die, and seemeth ‘** good and square, yet it is forged longer upon the cater and trea “‘ than any other way: and therefore it is called a langret. Such ** be also call’d bard cater treas, because commonly the longer end «* will of kis owne sway drawe downewards, and turne up to the “* ele sice sincke deuce or ace. The principal use of them is at ** Novum for so longe a paire of bard cater treas be walking on the ‘* bourd, so long can ye not cast five nor nine, unles it be by great ‘« chance, that the roughnes of the table, or some other stoppe, force ‘«« them to stay, and run against their kinde: for without cater or “« trea ye know that five or nine can never come.” In Monsieur D’Olive, 1606, the stop cater tre is mentioned ; and again in The London Prodigal. See also Dekkar’s Belman of London, 1616. EF. 4. I. R. 384 THE SECOND PART OF [ACT I. Bellafront. Dear father. Matheo. An old ass, a dog, a churl, a chuff, an usurer, a villain, a moth, a mangy mule with an old velvet foot-cloth on his back, sir. Bellafront. Oh me! Orlando, Varlet, for this I’ll hang thee. Matheo. Ha, ha, alas. Orlando. Thou keepest a man of mine herey under my nose. Matheo, Under thy beard. Orlando. As arrant a smell-smock, for an old mut- ton-munger, as thyself. Matheo. No, as yourself. Orlando. As arrant a purse-taker as ever cried, stand; yet a good fellow, I confess, and valiant; but he’ll bring thee to’th’ gallows; you both have robb’d of late two poor country pedlars. Matheo. How’s this? how’s this? dost thou fly high 2 rob pedlars? bear witness, Front, rob pedlars ? my man and I[ a thief? Bellafront. Oh sir, no more. Orlando. Aye, knave, two pedlers, hue and cry is up, warrants are out, and I shall see thee climb a ladder, Matheo. And come down again as well as a brick- layer, or a tyler. How the vengeance knows he this? if Ibe hanged, I’ll tell the people I married old Fris- cobaldo’s daughter, I’llfrisco you, and your old carcass. Orlando. Tell what thou canst; if I stay here longer, I shall be hang’d too, for being in thy company ; there- fore,.as I found you, I leave you. Matheo. Kneel, and get money of him. Orlando. A knave and a quean, a thief, and a strum- pet, a couple of beggars, a brace of baggages. Matheo, Hang upon him. Aye, aye, sir, ‘fare you well; we are so: follow close—we are beggars—in sattin—to him. Bellafront. Is this your comfort, when so many years You ha’ left. me frozen to death ? ‘ Orlando. Freeze still, starve still. Bellafront. Yes, so I shall: I must, 1 must and will. sc. I.] THE HONEST WHORE, 385 If as you say I’m poor, relieve me then, Let me not sell my body to base men. You call me strumpet, heaven knows I am none: Your cruelty may drive me to be one: Let not that sin be yours; let not the shame Of common whore live longer than my name. That cunning bawd (necessity) night and day Plots to undo me; drive that hag away, Lest being at lowest ebb, as now I am; I sink for ever. Orlando. Lowest ebb, what ebb? Bellafront. So poor, that (tho’ to tell it be my shame) ! am not worth a dish to hold my meat; I am yet poorer, I want bread to eat. Orlando. It’s not seen by your cheeks. Matheo. 1 think she has read an homily to tickle too the old rocue. Orlando. Want bread? there’s sattin: bake that. Matheo. S’blood, make pasties of my cloaths ? Orlando. A fair new cloak, stew that; an excellent gilt rapier. Matheo. Will you eat that, sir? Orlando. I could feast ten good fellows with those hangers. Matheo. The pox you shall, Orlando. I shall not till thou beggest think thou art poor ; And when thou beggest, I’ll feed thee at my door, As I feed dogs (with bones), till then beg, Borrow, pawn, steal, and hang, turn bawd. When th’art no whore, my heart-strings sure Would crack, were they strained more. [ Exit. Matheo. This is your father, your damn’d—confusion light upon all the generation of you! he can come bragging hither with four white herrings (at’s tail) in blue coats without roes in their bellies, but I may starve ere he give me so much as a cob®, “9a cob.|} A herring is called a cob. See Nash’s Lenten Stuff. VOL. IIT. Cc Cc wrens : Be eee ee 1 aA ROR MELO R LNs. 386 THE SECOND PART OF ACT I. Bellafront.* What tell yon me of this? alas. Matheo. Go trot after your dad, do you capitulate, P’ll pawn not for you, I’ll not steal to ‘be hanged for such an hypocritical close common harlot: away, you dog—Brave yfaith ! Udsfoot! give me some meat. Bellafront. Yes, sir. [ Exit. Matheo. Goodman slave, my man too is gallop’d to the devil a’the t’other side: Pacheco, Pll checo you. Is this your dad’s day ? England (they say) is the only hell for horses, and only Paradise for women: pray get you to that Paradise, because y’are called an Honest Whore; there they live none but honest whores with a pox: marry, here in our city, all * our sex are but foot- cloth nags: the master no sooner lights, but the man leaps into the saddle. Enter BELLAFRONT. Bellafront. Will you sit down I pray, sir? Matheo. I could tear (by’th’ Lord!) his flesh, and eat his midriff in salt, as I eat this:—must I choak— my father Friscobaldo, | shall make a pitiful hog-louse of you Orlando, if you fall once into my fingers— Here’s the savorest meat: I have got a stomach with chafing. What rogue should tell him of those two pedlers? A plague choak him, and gnaw him to the bare bones! come fill. Bellafront. Thou sweatest with very anger, good sweet, vex not, ’las, ’tis no fault of mine. Matheo. Where didst buy this mutton? I never felt better ribs. Bellafront. A neighbour sent it me. Enter ORLANDO. Matheo. Hah, neighbour! foh, my mouth stinks! This is, however, a quibble here, for I think a cob in Ireland sic- nifies a coin, or piece of money. “Tam yours till Shrove-tuesday, for then I change my coppy and looke like nothing but Red-Herring Cobbes, and Stock-fish.” Englishman for my money, 1626. Sig B. 2. A Cob, I believe, is a soft-roed herring. See Taylor’s Jack-a- Lent. 117. O. G. * Perhaps we ought to read “ all your sex are but foot-cloth nags.” &c. C. SC. I.] THE HONEST WHORE, 387 you whore, do you beg victuals for me? Is this sattin doublet to be s' bombasted with broken meat ? [Takes up the stool. Orlando, What will you do, sir ? Matheo. Beat out the brains of a beggarly [Exit Beliafront.* Orlando. Beat out an ass’s head of your own; away, mistress! Zounds! do but touch one hair of her, and Pll so quilt your cap with old iron, that your coxcomb shall ake the worse these seven years for’t: Does she look like a roasted rabbit, that you must have the head for the brains ? Matheo. Ha, ha: go out of my doors, you rogue: away, four marks trudge. Orlando. Four marks? no, sir, my twenty pounds that you have made fly high, and I am gone. Matheo. Must I be fed with chippings ? y’are best get a *clapdish, and say y’are proctor to some Spittle- 5! bombasted] i. e. stuffed out. So, in Gascoigne’s Fable of Jero- nimo, p. 232: «« Thy bodies bolstred out ** With bumbast and with bagges, “« Thy roales, thy ruffes, thy caules, thy coifes, “« Thy jerkins, and thy jagges.” To bombast was in general to stuff with cotton. See Mr. Steevens’ Note on the First Part of Henry 1V. A. 2. 8. 4. * «« And enter Orlando as Pacheco,” ought to be added here to the stage-direction. C. 52 clapdish] “‘ The beggars, two or three centuries ago, used to ‘proclaim their want by a wooden dish with a moveable cover, ‘* which they clacked to shew that the vessel was empty.” See Mr. Steevens’s Note on Measure for Measure, A. 3.8. 2. Again, in Churchyard’s Challenge, 1593, p. 143: ** Where I was wont, the golden chaines to wear, *«« A payre of beads, about my necke was wound, ‘“« A linnen cloth was ’lapt about my heare, “A ragged gowne, that trailed on the ground, ** A dish that clapt, and gave a heavy sound, «« A staying staffe, and wallet therewithall, ‘TI bear about as witnesse of my fall.” Every man in his Humour, A. 2,8. 1: ‘* —an he think to be re- “‘liev’'d by me, when he is got into one o’ your city pounds, the ** counters, he has got the wrong sow by the ear ifaith; and claps ‘‘ his dish at the wrong man’s door.” See also note 25 to the Pinner of Wakefield. > ee a —. 388 THE SECOND PART OF [ACT I. house. Where hast thou been Pacheco? come hither my little turky-cock. Orlando. I cannot abide, sir, to see a woman wrone’d, not I. Matheo. Sirrah, here was my father-in-law to-day. Orlando. Pish, then y’are fuil of crowns. Matheo. Hang him, he would have thrust crowns upon me, to have fal’n in again, but I scorn cast-cloaths, or any man’s gold. Orlando. But mine: how did he brook that sir? Matheo. Oh: swore like a dozen of drunken tinkers: at last growing foul in words, he and four of his men drew upon me, sir. Orlando. In your house? would I had been by. Matheo. | made no more ado, but fell to my old lock, and so thrashed my blue coats, and old crabtree- face my father-in-law, and then walkt like a lion in my grate. Orlando. Oh, noble master! Matheo. Sirrah, he could tell me of the robbing the two pedlers, and that warrants are out for us both. Orlando. Good sir, I like not those crackers. Matheo. Crackhalter, wo’t set thy foot to mine ? Orlando. How, sir? at drinking. Matheo. We'll pull that old crow my father: rob thy master. I know the house, thou the servants: $5 the purchase is rich, the plot to get it easy, the dog will not part from a bone. Orlando. Pluck’t out of his throat then; I’ll snarl for one, if this can bite. °° the purchase is rich,| Purchase was antiently a cant word for stolen goods. As, in Bartholomew Fair, A. 2. S. 4: ‘ All the ‘* purses and purchase I give you to-day sue conveyance, bring ‘“‘ hither to Urs’la’s presently.” The Alchemist, A. 4.8.7: sh I’ the mean time, ‘«* Do you two pack up all the goods, and purchase *« That we can carry 1’ the two trunks,” See also Mr. Whalley’s Note on the last passage; and Mr. Steevens Note on the First Part of Henry 1V. A. 2. 8. 1. SC, I.| THE HONEST WHORE. 389 Matheo. Say no more, say no more, old cole, meet me anon at the sign of the Shipwreck. Orlando, Yes, sir. Maitheo. And dost hear, man?—the Shipwreck. [ Exit. Orlando. Th’art at the Shipwreck now, and like a swimmer Bold but unexpert with those waves dost play, Whose dalliance whorelike is to cast thee away. Enter Hipouiro and BeL.uarront. And here’s another vessel (better fraught, But as ill mann’d,) her sinking will be wrought, If rescue come not: like a man of war ll therefore bravely out: somewhat I’ll do, And either save them both, or perish too. { Exit. Hipolito. It is my fate to be bewitched by those eyes. Beilafront. Fate’ your folly. Why should my face thus mad you? ’las, those colours Are wound up long ago, which beauty spread ; The flowers that once grew here, are withered. You turn’d my black soul white, made it look new, And should I sin, it ne’er should be with you. Hipolito. Your hand, I'll offer you fair play: when first We met i’th’ lists together, you remember You were a common rebel; with one parley I won you to come in. Bellafront. You did. Hipolito. Vil try If now I can beat down this chastity With the same ordnance; will you yield this fort, If with the power of argument now (as then) I get of you the conquest: as-before I turn’d you honest, now to turn you whore, By force of strong persuasion ¢ Bellafront. If you can, I yield. Hipolito. The alarm’s struck up: I’m your man. Bellafront. A woman gives defiance. Hivolito. Sit. IF 9m Sele NIRS 5 a ESS eee Breeds s ee Tcieatth., Lola Ua ie Sey: RE ». 390 THE SECOND PART OF [ACT I. Bellafront. Begin : Tis a brave battle to encounter sin. HMipolito. Youmen that are to fight in the same war, To which I’m prest, and plead atthe same bar, To win a woman, if you wo’d have me speed,. Send all your wishes. Bellafront. No doubt y’are heard, proceed. Hipolito. To be a harlot, that you stand upon, The very name’s a charm to make you one. Harlot was a dame of so divine And ravishing touch, that she was 54 concubine To an Engligh king; her sweet bewitching eye Did the king’s heart-strings in such love-knots tie, That even the coyest was proud when she could hear Men say, Behold ; another harlot there ; And after her all women that were fair Were harlots call’d, as to this day some are : Besides her dalliance, she so well does mix, That she’s in Latin call’d the Meretriz. Thus for the name; for the profession, this, Who lives in bondage, lives lac’d; the chief bliss This world below can yield, is liberty : And who (than whores) with looser wings dare fly ? As Juno’s proud bird spreads the fairest tail, So does a strumpet hoist the loftiest sail. She’s no man’s slave (men are her slaves) ; her eye Moves not on wheels screw’d up with jealousy. She (horsd, or coachd, does merry journies make, Free as the sun in his gilt zodiak : As bravely does she shine, as fast she’s driven, But stays not long in any house of heaven: But shifts from sign to sign her amorous prizes, More rich being when she’s down, than when she rises. In brief, gentlemen haunt them, soldiers fight for them, Few men but know them, few or none abhor them: 34 concubine To an English king :] Arlotta (from whence the word harlot is fancifully derived) was not the concubine of an English monarch, but mistress to Robert, one of the dukes of N ormandy, and father to William the Conqueror. S. SC. I.| THE HONEST WHORE. 391 Thus for sport sake speak I, as to a woman. Whom (as the worst ground) I would turn to common: But you I would enclose for mine own bed. Bellafront. So should a husband be dishonoured. Hipolito. Dishonoured ! not a whit: to fall to one Besides your husband is to fall to none, For one no number is. Bellafront. Faith! should you take One in your bed, would you that reckoning make ? ’Tis time you sound retreat. Hipolito. Say, have I won, Is the day ours? Bellafront. The battle’s but half done, None but yourself have yet sounded alarms, Let us strike too, else you dishonour arms, Hipolito. If you can win the day, The glory’s yours. Bellafront. To prove a woman should not bea whore, When she was made, she had one man, and no more, Yet she was tied to laws then, for even then ’Tis said, she was not made for men, but man. Anon, t’increase earth’s brood, the law was varied, Men should take many wives: and tho’ they married According to that act, yet ’tis not known, But that those wives were only tied to one. New parliaments were since: for now one woman Is shared between three hundred, nay she’s common ; Common as spotted leopards, whom for sport Men hunt, to get the flesh, but care not for't. So spread they nets of gold, and tune their calls, To inchant silly women to take falls : Swearing they are angels which that they may win They'll hire the devil to come with false dice in. Oh Sirens subtle tunes! yourselves you flatter, And our weak sex betray; so men love water 3 It serves to wash their hands, but (being once foul) The water down is pour’d, cast out of doors, And even of such base nse do men make whores. A harlot (like a hen) more sweetness reaps, To pick men one by one up, than in heaps: 392 THE SECOND PART OF [act 1 Yet all feeds but confounding. Say you should taste me, I serve but for the time, and when the day Of war is done, am casheer’d out of pay : If like lame soldiers I could beg, that’s all, And there’s lust’s rendezvous, an hospital. Who then would be a man’s slave, a man’s woman ? She’s half-starv’d the first day that feeds in common. HMipolito. You should not feed so, but with me alone. Bellafront. If I drink poison by stealth, is’t not all one? Is’t not rank poison still with you alone! Nay, say you spy’d a courtezan, whose soft side To touch, you'd sell your birth-rizht for one kiss, Be rack’d ; she’s won, y’are sated: what follows this? Oh, then you curse that bawd that told you in, (The night) you curse your lust, you loath the sin, You loath her very sight, and ere the day Arise, you rise glad when y’are stol’n away. Even then when you are drunk with all her sweets, There’s no true pleasure in a strumpet’s sheets. Women, whom lust so prostitutes to sale, Like dancers upon ropes, once seen, are stale; Hipolito. If all the threads of harlots’ lives are spun So coarse as you would make them, tell me why You so long loved the trade? : Bellafront. If all the threads Of harlots’ lives be fine as you would make them, Why do not you persuade your wife turn whore, And all dames else to fall before that sin ? Like an ill husband (tho’ I knew the same To be-my undoing) followed I that game. Oh when: the work of lust had earn’d my bread, To taste it, how I trembled, lest each bit, Ere it went down, should choak me (chewing it 9) My bed seem’d like a cabin hung in hell, The bawd hell’s porter( and the liquorish wine The pander fetch’d, was like an easy fine, For which, methought I leas’d away.my soul, And oftentimes evyen‘in my quaffing bowl SC.-1.] THE HONEST WHORE. 393 Thus said I to myself, I am a whore, And have drunk down thus much confusion more. Hipolito. It is a common rule, and ’tis most true, Two of one trade ne'er love: no more do you. Why are you sharp ’gainst that you once profest ? Bellafront. Why doat you on that, which you did once detest ? I cannot (seeing she’s woven of such bad stuff) Set colours on a harlot base enough. Nothing did make me, when I loved them best, To loath them more than this: when in the street A fair young modest damsel I did meet, She seem‘d to all a dove (when I pass’d by), And I to all araven: every eye That followed her, went with a bashful glance At me, each bold and jeering countenance Darted forth scorn: to her (as if she had been Some tower unvangiushed) would they vail, ’Gainst me swoln rumour hoisted every sail. She (crown’d with reverend praises) passed by them, I (tho’ with face maskt) could not scape the hem, For (as if heaven had set strange marks on whores Because they should be pointing stocks to man) Drest up in civilest shape, a curtizan Let her walk saint-like, noteless, and unknown, Yet she’s betray’d by some trick of her own. Were harlots therefore wise, they’d be sold dear: For men account them good but for one year ; And then like Almanacks (whose dates are gone) They are thrown by, and no more !ookt upon. Who'll therefore backward fall, who will launch forth In seas so foul, for ventures no more worth? Lust’s voyage hath (if not this course) this cross, Buy ne’er so cheap, your ware comes home with loss. What, shall I sound retreat? the battle’s done: Let the world judge which of us two have wen. Hipolito. I! Bellafront. You? nay, then, as cowards do in fight, What by blows cannot, shall be saved by flight. [ fait. 394 THE SECOND PART OF [ACTe I. Hipolito. Fly to earth’s fixed center: to the caves Of everlasting horror, I’ll pursue thee, (Tho’ loaden with sins) even to hell’s brazen doors. Thus wisest men turn fools, doting on whores. [ Evit. Enter the Duxz, Lopovico, and Oruanno: after them In¥rELicr, Caroio, Astotro, BEraLpo, FonriNneELL. Orlando. 1 beseech your grace, tho’ your eye be so piercing as under a poor blue coat to cull out an honest father from an old serving-man; yet, good my lord, discover not the plot to any, but only this gentle- man that is now to be an actor in our ensuing Comedy. Duke. Thou hast thy wish, Orlando, pass unknown, Sforfa* shall only go along with thee, To see that warrant served upon thy son. Lodovico. To attach him upon felony, for 2 Pedlars : is’t not so? Orlando. Right, my noble knight: those pedlars were two knaves of mine; he fleeced the men before, jand now he purposes to flay the master. He will rob me, his teeth water to be nibbling at my gold, but this shall hang him by th’ gills, till I pull him on shore. Duke. Away: ply you the business. Orlando, Thanks to your grace: but, my good lord, for my daughter—. Duke. You know what I have said. Orlando. And remember what 1 have sworn: she’s more honest, on my soul, than one of the Turk’s wenches, watcht by a hundred eunuchs. Lodovico. So she had need, for the Turks make them whores. Orlando. He’s a Turk that makes any woman a whore, he’s no true Christian I’m sure. I commit your grace. Duke. Infelice. Infelice. Here, sir. Lodovico. Signior Friscobaldo. * A name taken by Lodovico perhaps for the occasion. C, sei: THE HONEST WHORE. 395 Orlando. Frisking again? Pacheco. Lodovico. Uds so, Pacheco? we'll have some sport with this warrant: ’tis to apprehend all suspected per- sons in the house: besides, there’s one Bots a pander, and one Madam Horseleach a bawd, that have abused my friend, those two conies will we ferret into the pur- senet *°. Orlando. Let me alone for dabbing them o’th’ neck : come, come, Lodovico. Do ye hear, gallants? meet me anon at Matheo’s. Omnes. Enough. [ Exeunt Lodovico and Orlando, Duke. Th’ old feliow sings that note thou didst before, Only his tunes are, that she is no whore, But that she sent his letters and his gifts, Out of a noble triumph o’er his lust, To shew she trampled his assaults in dust. Infelice. "Tis a good honest servant, that old man. Duke. J doubt no less. Infelice. And it may be my husband, Because when once this woman was unmaskt, He level’d all her thoughts, and made them fit : Now he’d mar all again, to try his wit. Duke. It may be so too, for to turn a harlot Honest, it must be by strong antidotes, ’Tis rare, as to see panthers change their spots. And when she’s once a star fixed and shines bright, Tho ’twere impiety then to dim her light, (Because we see such tapers seldom burn) ; Yet ’tis the pride and glory of some men, To change her to a blazing star again, And it may be, Hipolito does no more. It cannot be, but y’are acquainted all With that same madness of our son-in-law, That dotes so on a curtizan. - 5 pursenet.] ‘ A net of which the mouth is drawn together by a ‘« string. “ Conies are taken by pursenets in their burrows.” Mortimer Johnson’s Dictionary. IF i? i ee Toe: ein tia 3 preds De eahglgnr Peas, Naas ea yi SAME esas a = 396 THE SECOND PART OF [ ACT. T, Omnes. Yes, my lord. Carolo. All the city thinks he’s a whoremonger. Astolfo. Yet I warrant, he’ll swear no man marks him. Beraldo. ’Tis like so, for when a man goes a wench- ing, ’tis as if he had a strong stincking breath, every one smells him out, yet he feels it not, though it be ranker than the sweat of sixteen bearwarders. Duke. 1 doubt then you have all those stinking breaths, You might be all smelt out. Carolo. Troth, my lord, I think we are all as you have been in your youth when you went a maying: we all love to hear the cuckoo sing upon other men’s trees. Duke. It’s well yet you confess: but, girl, thy bed Shall not be parted with a curtizan—’tis strange, No frown of mine, no frown of the poor lady, (My abused child, his wife) no care of fame, Of honour, heaven or hell, no not that name Of common strumpet, can affright, or woo him To abandon her; the harlot does undo him, She has bewitched him, robb’d him of his shape, Turn’d him into a beast, his reason’s lost; You see he looks wild, does he not ? Carolo. | have noted new moons In’s face, my lord, all full of change. Duke. He’s no more like unto Hipolito, Than dead men are to living—never sleeps, Or if he do, it’s dreams; and in those dreams His arms work,—and then cries—sweet—what’s her name, What’s the drab’s name ¢ Astolfo. In troth, my lord, I know not, I know no drabs, not I. Duke. Oh, Bellafront ! And catching her fast, cries,-my Bellafront. Carolo. A drench that’s able to kill a horse cannot Jall this disease of smock-smelling, my lord, if it have once eaten deep. _ Duke. Vl try all physick, and this med’cine first: sc. I.| THE HONEST WHORE. 397 I have directed warrants strong and peremptory (To purge our city Milan, and to cure the outward Parts, the suburbs) for the attaching Of all those women, who like gold, want weight, Cities, like ships, should have no idle freight. Carolo. No my lord, and light wenches are no idle freight, But what’s your grace’s reach in this ? Duke. This, Carolo. If she whom my son doats on, Be in that master-book enrold, he’ll shame Ever t’approach one of such noted name. Carolo, But say she be not? Duke. Yet on harlot’s heads New laws shall fall so heavy, and such blows shall Give to those that haunt them, that Hipolito (If not for fear of law) for love to her, If he love truly, shall her bed forbear. Carolo. Attach all the light heels 7’th’ city, and clap "em up. Why, my lord, you dive into a well unsearch- able: all the whores within the walls, and without the walls. I would not be he should meddle with them for ten such dukedoms; the army that you speak on is able to fill all the prisons within this city, and to leave not a drinking room in any tavern besides. Duke. Those only shall be caught that are of notg, Harlots in each street flow: The fish being thus i’th’net, ourselves, will sit, And with eye most severe dispose of it.— Come girl. Carolo. Arraign the poor whore. Astolfo. Vil not miss that sessions. Fontinell. Nor I. Beraldo. Nor I, Tho’ I hold up my hand there myself. [ Exeunt, Enter Matueo, Ortanpo, and Lopovico. Matheo. Let who will come, my noble chevalier, I can but play the kind host, and bid ’em welcome. Lodovico.. We'll trouble your house, Matheo, but as Dutchmen do in taverns, drink, be merry, and be gone. 398 TIE SECOND PART OF [acr. x. Orlando. Indeed, if you be right Dutchmen, if you fall to drinking you must be gone. Matheo. The worst is, my wife is not at home; but we'll flie high, my generous knight, for all that: there’s no musick when a women is in the concert. : Orlando. No, for she’s®%* like a pair of virginals, Always with jacks at her tail. Enter Asto.ro, Caroto, Beraipo, Fontrnz.t. Lodovico. See, the covey is sprung. Omnes. Save you gallants. Matheo. Happily encountered, sweet bloods. Lodovico. Gentlemen, you all know Signior Candido, the linen-draper, he that’s more patient than a brown baker, upon the day when he heats the oven, and has forty scolds about him. Omnes. Yes, we know him all, what of him? Lodovico, Wo’d it not be a good fit of mirth, to make a piece of English cloth of him, and to 87 stretch him on tentors, till the threads of his own natural hu- mour crack, by making him 8% drink healths, tobacco, 36 __ dike a pair of virginals, Always with jacks at her tail.] So in Ram Alley, or Merry Tricks, 1611: “ Where be these rascals, that skip up and down *« Like virginal jacks?” «Again, Bacon: “Ina virginal as soon as ever the jack falleth, *¢ and toucheth the string, the sound ceaseth.” S. See Note 74 to the First Part of this Play. 7 stretch him on .tenters] i.e. the tenter hooks, on which cloth after dying is hung dry. The quarto reads tainters. S. By an Act of the 5 & 6 Edw. VI. cap. 6: it was enacted that after the feast of St. Michael, “no person shall keep, have, use, or occupy any tentor ; nor use, have, nor occupy any wrinch, rope, or ring, with the same tentor, or shall use any other engine un- lawfully, to strain or stretch any cloth or clothes, upon pain that every offender that shall use or occupy any tentor or other engine to the contrary shall forfeit twenty pounds.” Statutes at Large, Vol. I. 681. Fol. O.G. 38 drink healths, tobacco, &c] To drink tobacco was a common phrase for smoaking it. The Miseries of enforced Marriage, A.1. “TI teil thee Wentloe, *‘ thou canst not live on this side of the world, feed well, drink ** tobacco, &c.”’ Again, A. 3: sc, I. | THE HONEST WHORE. 399 dance, sing bawdy songs, or to run any bias according as we think good to cast him? Cario, "Twere a morris-dance worth the seeing. Astolfo. But the old fox is so crafty, we should hardly hunt him* out of his den: Matheo. To that train I have given fire already; and the hook to draw him hither, is to see certain pieces of lawn, which I told him I have to sell, and indeed have such: fetch them down, Pacheo. Orlando. Yes, sir, ’'m your water-spaniel, and will fetch any thing: but I'll fetch one dish of meat anon, shall turn your stomach, and that’s a constable. [aside Enter Bors, ushering Mistress HoRSELEACH. Omnes. How now? how now? Carlo. What °° gally-foist is this? Lodovico. Peace, two dishes of *° stew’d prunes, a bawd, and a pander. My worthy lieutenant Bots; why, now I see th’art a man of thy word, welcome; welcome mistress Horseleach: pray gentlemen, salute this reverend matron. “Do: and we'll stay here and drink tobacco.” Again, in the Interlude of Wine, Beer, Ale, and Tobacco, contend- ing for superiority, ‘* Tobacco says, ‘‘ what do ye stand at gaze? “¢ Tobacco is a drink too. “© Beer. Adrink? ‘* Tobacco. Wine, you, and I, come both out of a pipe.” The Country Captaine, by the Duke of Newcastle, 1649, p. 22 : ** T doe not thinke but thou wilt leave thy law, and exercise thy “taking in compassing some treatises against longe hayre and. ‘< drinkinge that most unchristian weede yclept tobacco. England seems to have been proverbial for the consumption of Tobacco. See Burton’s Anat. Mel. 600. Edit.1632. O.G. Mr. Gilchrist adds the following Qy. to this Note: ‘“ Did not drinking Tobacco mean extracting the juice by chewing it?” The following quotation, however, is decisive to the contrary. “ Roger. Mistris, wil you drink a pipe of tobacco? “ Wife. O fie upon it Roger, perdy, these filthie Tobacco pipes are the most idle slavering bables that I ever felt.”’ Dekkar’s ‘‘ Shoe-makers. Holiday,” 1600. C. * Him, omitted in the Edit. 1630. ® gally-foist] _See Note 8 to The Parson’s Wedding. 40 stew'd prunes] See Notes of Mr. Steeven’s and Dr. Farmer to the First Part of Henry IV. A. 3. 8.3. EGC adipic sae Abe Nate Breit aie POON eaeeat, Sitsadlie NRE PR WR « a Rn ee aT 400 THE SECOND PART OF [ACT f+ Horseleach. Thanks to all your worships. Lodovico. I bade a drawer send in wine too: did none come along with thee, Grannam, but the lieu- tenant ? ; Horseleach. None come along with me but Bots, if it like your worship. Bots, Who the pox should come along with you but Bots ? Enter two Vintners. Omnes. Oh brave! march fair. Lodovico. Are you come? that’s well. Matkeo. *' Here’s ordinance able to sack a city. Lodovico, Come‘ repeat, read this inventory. 1 Vintner. Imprimis, a pottle of Greek wine, a pottle of *2 Peter sa meene, a pottle of Charnico, and a pottle of Ziattica. Lodovico. Y’are paid ? 4 Here’s ordinance able to sack a city.] So Falstaff, on the same occasion in the First Part of Henry IV. says, “ there’s that will sack a city.” S. 2 Peter sa meene—Charnico] These wines are mentioned like- wise in The Fair Maid of the West, 1615. Aragoosa, or Peter see me, or Charnico. S. They appear to have been Spanish wines, being enumerated in the following manner in Philocothonista, 1635, p. 48. “‘ From the ‘* Spaniard all kinds of Sacks, as Malligo, Charnio, Sherry, Canary, ** Leatica, Palerno, Frontiniack, Peeter see mee, Vino deriba davia, “‘ Vino dita Frontina, Vino blanco, Moscatell perarsivina callis, “* Callongallo, paracomer, &c.”’ The Discovery of a London Monster, called the Black Dog of Newgate, 1612, Sign. A. 3: “I found English, Scottish, Welsh, Izish, ‘* Dutch and French, in several roomes, some drinking the neate “* wine or Orleance, some the Gascony, some the Burdeaux, there ‘‘ wanted neither Sherry sack, nor Charnoco, Maligo, nor Peter ** Seemine, Amber colour’d Candy, nor liquorish Ipocras, brown “« Bastard, fat Aligant, nor any quick spirited liquor that might “draw their wits into a circle to see the Devill by immagina- “¢ tion.” Dr. Warburton says, as charneca is, in Spanish, the name of turpentine-tree, he imagines the growth of Charnico was in some district abounding with that tree; or that it had its name from a certain flavour resembling it. See Notes by Dr. Warburton, Mr. Hawkins, Mr. Steevens, and Dr. Percy, on the Second Part of Henry IV. A, 2.8. 3. SC..22| THE HONEST WHORE. 401 2 Vintner. Yes, sir. [ Exeunt Vintners. Matheo, So shall some of us be anon, I fear, Bots. Here’s a hot day towards: but, zounds! this is the life out of which a suldier sucks sweetness: when this artillery goes off roundly, some must drop to the ground: cannon, demy-cannon, saker, and basilisk. Lodovico. Give fire, lieutenant. Bots. So, so: must I venture first upon the breach? to you all, gallants: Bots sets upon you all. Omnes. Its hard Bots if we pepper not you, as well as you pepper us. Enter CANDIDO. Lodovico. My noble linen-draper! some wine: wel- come, old lad. Matheo. Y’are welcome, Signior. Candido. These lawns, sir? Matheo. Presently, my man is gone for them: we have rigged a fleet, you see here, to sail about the world. Candido. A dangerous voyage, sailing in such ships. Bots. There’s no casting overboard yet. Lodovico. Because you are an old lady, I will have you be acquainted with this grave citizen, pray be- stow your lips upon him, and bid him welcome. Horseleach. Any citizen shall be most welcome to me:—TI have used to buy ware at your shop. Candido. It may be so, good madam. Horseleach. Your prentices know my dealings well; I trust your good wife be in good case: if it please you, bear her a token from my lips, by word of mouth. Candido. I pray no more forsooth, ’tis very well, indeed I love no sweet meats :—she’as a breath stinks worse than fifty polecats. Sir, a word, is she a lady ? Lodovico. A woman of a good house, and an an- cient, she’s a bawd. Candido. A bawd? Sir, Vll steal hence, and see your lawns some other time. Matheo. Steal out of such company? Pacheco, my VOI. III. DD 402 THE SECOND PART OF [act 1. teenies ee man, is but gone for ’em: lieutenant Bots, drink to this worthy old fellow, and teach him to fly high. Omnes. Swagger: and make him do’t on his knees. Candido. How, Bots? now bless me, what do I with Bots? no wine in sooth, no wine, good master Bots. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'bib_fict_1731974_3c2_15', 'collection': 'English-PD', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1825.0', 'title': 'A select collection of old plays. In twelve volumes. Vol III. A new edition: with additional notes and corrections, by the late Isaac Reed, Octavius Gilchrist, and the editor', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '8270', 'token_count': '13231', '__index_level_0__': '24164', 'original_id': '5a2481de70dffb1a87ebe23af386da9ef64af5b03b374ac7486fe13b8ba5aff6'} |
paris of the Plains
Our podcast is dedicated to producing unheard audio stories from Kansas City. We seek out those narratives that are diverse, personal and powerful. By helping people tell their stories through the power of audio, we can bring KC closer together, spark dialogues and paint a picture of this city for the rest of the world. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '8', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9406169056892396}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '161647', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:RGNAWDVZ2LZ3ELCWGV5Y3YCKNBWA6N5J', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f4e87bd2-150c-47b3-adc9-20b2717f78ff>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 19, 2, 35, 42), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.49.23.144', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VVIL4UFIBNOKMSTD4WGA7SOARJVPYBTN', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:be8c72aa-d7f2-49c3-a533-c5e55a46d641>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://fountaincityfrequency.com/paris-of-the-plains', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c2a189fc-2765-4087-ba63-88e76c36318f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '58', 'url': 'https://fountaincityfrequency.com/paris-of-the-plains', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-45-61-6.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10853767395019531', 'original_id': '691531fc6ead7f63bb27766371102c72c96a27375833c731256595f897395cb6'} |
Discuss as:
Romney: Clinton helped 'elevate' Democratic convention
Michael O'Brien, NBC News
Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney embraced Bill Clinton's speech this week at the Democratic National Convention, saying the former president's speech — which was full of criticism of Romney — helped "elevate" Democrats' convention.
In his interview airing Sunday on NBC's "Meet the Press," Romney praised the Wednesday night speech by the Democratic ex-president, which ridiculed Romney and Republican vice presidential candidate Paul Ryan on issues ranging from fiscal policy to Medicare.
"He did stand out in contrast with the other speakers; I think he really did elevate the Democrat convention in a lot of ways," Romney said. "And, frankly, the contrast may not have been as attractive as Barack Obama might have preferred if he were choosing who'd go before him and who'd go after."
Clinton's speech was regarded as one of the highlights of the Democratic convention; he formally nominated President Obama for a second term, and his folksy speech built up the current president while simultaneously taking Romney to task. But as Romney suggested, Clinton's speech drew as much interest as Obama's among political observers, and Romney seemed to suggest the former president even overshadowed the current one.
But Clinton's criticism hasn't previously deterred Romney from embracing the former Democratic president. He's praised Clinton on the campaign trail as a centrist, as if to portray Obama as governing well to the left of Clinton.
Romney's tack is an implicit acknowledgement of Clinton's broad popularity, a sentiment the GOP presidential nominee joked would probably propel Clinton to a third term in the White House, if it were legal.
Asked whether Clinton could be elected president today, Romney responded: "If the constitution weren't in his way, yeah. Perhaps. But I don't know the answer to that." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '26', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9805306196212769}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '27692', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:76JAXX67MXVW5HUQUCUFJX4FVNTO65PL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:dd56debd-39fd-404a-9599-6044f3ef0df5>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 4, 26, 7, 48, 35), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.219.88.158', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CAAQ4UDB6EA46GLOFUNAIEYMO2G6DFY7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:cd80650e-a52e-4be1-9815-3f0dfd1d4af3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://presspass.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/09/08/13750865-romney-clinton-helped-elevate-democratic-convention?pc=25&sp=50', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2f9ae65a-a514-4246-a9d3-ef26c2143981>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '291', 'url': 'http://presspass.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/09/08/13750865-romney-clinton-helped-elevate-democratic-convention?pc=25&sp=50', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-17\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10160142183303833', 'original_id': 'bb13a28ac182186dc9e188a3bf08de07981484f1b438aa157ebb9ff262aa8c2d'} |
Types of Renewable Energy
Biogas Energy
Any biological being (living or dead) has a tendency to disintegrate in the presence or absence of oxygen. We are already aware of the decomposition processes
in the presence of oxygen. However, in the absence of oxygen, biodegradable materials disintegrate to produce biogas, which is a renewable source of energy.
The levels of fossil fuels are decreasing and within some years, we might completely run out of them. In order to combat the situation, scientists began to
concentrate on the development of alternate forms of fuel sources such as bio-fuels. One can rightfully state that biogas is a form of bio-fuel.
In order to generate biogas, scientists have come up with an innovative method called Gasification. If we subject the biomaterials to extreme temperatures
(in the presence of oxygen), biogas will be the resultant product. Biogas created by anaerobic processes (absence of oxygen) contains large quantities of
methane and carbon dioxide in varying proportions. Methane, as most of the readers might be aware of, burns in the presence of oxygen. The concentration of
methane produced by the controlled combustion of biomass (gasification) is significantly lower. However, the generation of large amounts
of hydrogen enables us to use it as a fuel.
By now, the readers might have realized that this gas is used extensively as a heating agent. In fact, some of the nations have elaborate arrangements to
transport biogas in a compressed form across pipelines for domestic and industrial purposes. If you are willing to expend some time, even you can design
and operate a biogas plant to provide adequate heating to your home. The biogas can be used for cooking purposes too. The only condition is that you must
add biodegradable materials along with suitable "digester agents" to the plant to generate biogas.
The methane contained in the biogas can function as fuel to power any kind of internal combustion engine. By using biogas, one can heat up elaborate amounts
of water to produce steam, which we can then apply to generate electricity. The future prospects of this form of renewable energy look promising because vast
amounts of biodegradable materials are accumulating in various parts of every country. It is only a matter of time until we begin to realize the true vantage
of biogas as a renewable energy form. Besides, literally anyone can set up a fully functional biogas plant within minimum expenditure.
What are the disadvantages of biogas? The methane produced in the gas plants can induce many medical conditions. High concentrations of methane can be fatal in
some cases. Methane is also a highly combustible gas. Fatalities due to explosions in these plants have become a common occurrence in many countries. However,
you must realize the benefits of biogas. If properly maintained, a biogas plant can power homes and industries for many years. It will also help in reducing the
levels of carbon emission. The burning of biogas does not produce any kind of harmful gases. You must never ignore the low cost operational costs associated with biogas plants. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c66e2b8f5b41152da73603855a9378cad119df3440a31083baf3cfc00b272421'} |
Home >> News
Where Is The Bolt Applied?
Pulished on Mar. 12, 2019
There are many names for bolts such as Anchor Bolt Fastener. Everyone's name may be different. Some people call them screws, some are called bolts, and some people call them fasteners. Although there are so many names, the meanings are the same, they are bolts such as Belt Bolt Fastener. Bolts are a general term for fasteners. Bolts are tools that use the physics and mathematical principles of the circular rotation and friction of the bevel of an object to progressively fasten the components of the object.
Bolts are indispensable in daily life and industrial production. Bolts such as Carriage Bolt Fastener are also known as industrial rice. It can be seen that the use of bolts is extensive. The scope of application of bolts is: electronic products, mechanical products, digital products, electrical equipment, electromechanical machinery products. Bolts are also useful in ships, vehicles, hydraulic engineering, and even chemical experiments. In fact, bolts are used in many places. Special bolts used in digital products. Miniature bolts for DVDs, cameras, glasses, clocks, electronics, etc.; general bolts for televisions, electrical products, musical instruments, furniture, etc.; for engineering, construction, bridges, large bolts, nuts; traffic appliances, airplanes, trams, cars Then use the size bolts. Bolts have an important role in the industry. As long as there is industry on the earth, the function of bolts is always important.
Carriage Bolt Fastener | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '10', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.943470299243927}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '28070', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:UGGMUCIVH6X2WW63OQORRESQL7L7PQ62', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9b4ba788-1d40-4576-b423-2886fb751e19>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 14, 11, 13, 7), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.192.38.2', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZHBWSD7B6W42KV4EYJAHQFLHHRLR5CZM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d652fae7-236e-442f-9632-434cb8acc468>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.hbyppowerline.com/news/Anchor-Bolt-Fastener-312.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:876fbd3e-d572-4bfd-ab3b-941fa3a37a3f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '239', 'url': 'https://www.hbyppowerline.com/news/Anchor-Bolt-Fastener-312.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-211.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04670071601867676', 'original_id': 'eeba4138ec0af252876a7f124355e94fd0bce635896c8fb179ae6bc2e4f7e2cd'} |
Den Anden Puniske Krig udkæmpedes mellem Rom og Karthago 218-201 f.Kr. og var den vigtigste af de tre krige mellem dem, idet den afgjorde Roms fremtidige stormagtsstatus.
Årsagerne
Baggrunden var en voksende styrkelse af Karthagos magt efter tabet af Sicilien i Første puniske krig 241 f.Kr.. Mens romerne i de følgende år fik tiltvunget sig ekstra karthagiske indrømmelser i Middelhavet som Korsika og Sardinien, satsede Karthago gennem den næste snes år på at skabe et nyt imperium i Spanien ved at grundlægge en række kolonier. Især under ledelse af general Hannibal lykkedes det at få magt over store dele af det sydlige Spanien, hvilket foruroligede det romerske senat. Anledningen til krigen var Hannibals belejring af byen Sagunt i 219, som romerne så som en overtrædelse af aftaler. Da Karthago støttede Hannibal, erklærede Rom krig.
Krigens forløb
En stor del af krigen blev præget af Hannibals angreb på Italien, hvorved han hurtigt førte krigen over på romersk jord. I 218 f.Kr. gennemførte han en storstilet felttog via Sydfrankrig, Schweiz og Norditalien (”togtet over Alperne”) i spidsen for en hær på ca. 40.000 mand med krigselefanter og stor udrustning. Trods store tab lykkedes det ham at komme igennem med en hær på formentlig 26.000 mand og derved true romerne på deres område.
Den næste fase prægedes af en række store romerske nederlag. To romerske hære blev slået af Hannibal ved Ticinus og Trebia. En stor sejr blev vundet over romerne ved Trasimenersøen (217 f.Kr.), hvor den romerske konsul Flaminius blev lokket i en fælde med sin hær. Det lykkedes romerne at trække krigen i langdrag under diktatoren Fabius Maximus som undgik åbne slag, men i 216 f.Kr. vandt Hannibal én af sine største sejre i slaget ved Cannae, hvor to romerske konsuler blev omringet med deres talmæssigt overlegne hær og massakreret. Dette nederlag var tæt på at tvinge Rom i knæ, men byen afslog fredstilbud og fortsatte kampen med store økonomiske ofre. De fleste af byens forbundsfæller forblev loyale stik imod Hannibals forventninger. Syrakus og Capua gik over til Karthago, mens Makedonien officielt gik ind i krigen på Karthagos side, men krigsførelsen var ineffektiv og inkonsekvent.
De næste mange år fortsatte krigen uden de store begivenheder. Romerne undgik af al magt åbne slag, og da Hannibal ikke ville rømme halvøen, måtte han holde sig i felten, hvilket tærede på hans hær. Samtidig lykkedes det Rom at skaffe nye og mere kompetente generaler som Marcellus og Scipio Africanus den Ældre. Hannibal angreb ikke Rom én eneste gang, skønt der gik flere rygter om det. Han synes ikke at have villet risikere hæren. Imens lykkedes det romerne at generobre og knække både Syrakus 212 f.Kr. og Capua kort efter. I Spanien gik krigen mere ustabilt for romerne, men også her fik de efterhånden overtaget. Hannibals bror Hasdrubal søgte at undsætte ham med en hær fra Spanien, men blev slået og dræbt 207 f.Kr. ved Metaurus-floden. Fra 206 f.Kr. var romerne herrer over Spanien.
Efterhånden stod romerne så stærkt, at de kunne forberede en invasion i Afrika og derved true Karthago. Dette skabte panik og Hannibal blev kaldt hjem med hæren til forsvar. Imens tog Scipio ledelsen af den romerske krigsførelse og invaderede 203 f.Kr. Nordafrika, hvor han fik værdifuld militær støtte af Karthagos lokale rival, kong Massinissa af Numidien. Afgørelsen faldt i slaget ved Zama 202 f.Kr. hvor Hannibal blev fuldstændig slået af en romersk-numidisk hær. Derefter bad Karthago om fred.
Fredsslutningen
Freden 201 gjorde ende på Karthagos dominerende stilling. Byen måtte udlevere alle krigselefanter, betale 10.000 talenter i rater, begrænse sin flåde til ti skibe og opgive hæren. Reelt blev byen romersk vasal. For Rom blev sejren indledningen til nye krige mod de hellenistiske stater, først og fremmest Makedonien.
Krigens betydning
Den Anden Puniske Krig er én af de vigtigste krige i Roms historie. Den gjorde byen til den dominerende magtfaktor i det vestlige Middelhav, ligesom den åbnede vejen til magten i både Spanien og Nordafrika. Det var imidlertid også en krig der viste, hvor farlige karthagerne kunne være. Under kampene mod Hannibal 218-216 led den romerske republik nogle af sine værste militære nederlag, og krigen krævede militær nytænkning og bedre generaler. Også de store ødelæggelser i Italien under Hannibals felttog gjorde økonomisk skade og har muligvis bidraget til svækkelsen af den romerske bondestand. At romerne klarede krisen militært, skyldes formentlig dels udholdenhed, dels en klog politik over for forbundsfællerne før krigen. Hannibal måtte desuden væsentligt udkæmpe kampen i Italien uden støtte hjemmefra.
Litteratur
Kilder:
Titus Livius: Rom og Hannibal I-II. Livius’ romerske historie, Bog 21-26. Overs. af Gustav Hermansen. Kbh. 1944-48.
Titus Livius: Hannibal og Scipio. Livius’ romerske historie. Bog 27-30. Indl. ved Niels M. Saxtorph og Jens Erik Skydgaard, overs. af Hanne Goldschmidt. Kbh. 1974.
Polybios, Polybios’ Historie, Selskabet til Historiske Kildeskrifters Oversættelse, 1958
Nutidig:
Thomsen, Rudi, Hannibal: Roms store modstander, Tidsskriftet SFINX, 1998
Cottrell, Leonard, Hannibal: Roms fjende, Arnold Busck, 1961
Puniske krige | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anden%20puniske%20krig', 'collection': 'Wikipedia', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': 'Anden puniske krig', 'creator': 'https://da.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anden puniske krig&action=history', 'language': 'Danish', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '813', 'token_count': '1698', '__index_level_0__': '21468', 'original_id': 'f344e70def86bd5ab02aedff0678a03dbd79db8d93b9fabac80c122db0eed24b'} |
Property Management Blog
Mold – a Critical Issue
Mold – a Critical Issue
Mold has been around a long time – literally, as long as there have been living organisms. Therefore, it may seem strange that it has become such an important and potentially dangerous issue. However, mention the possibility of the existence of mold to any reputable Property Manager, it gains immediate and urgent attention. The damages awarded by the courts are sometimes in the millions!
What constitutes mold and why is it a serious problem?
You can find mold everywhere, indoors, and outdoors, and it is, simply, living fungi. Although there are thousands of different species, there are generally five types of mold found in homes - Penicillium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and the fifth is Stachybotrys Chartarum, commonly known as “black mold.” It is the “black mold” that is considered the most dangerous of molds, but no mold should be ignored. In addition, “black mold” does not necessarily appear black, which can be deceiving, and any mold can appear dark or black.
Too much exposure to a toxic mold can cause serious health problems such as sinus and nasal infections, coughing, sore throat, skin abrasions, eye irritations, and upper respiratory infections. It can trigger other health issues such as asthma or hay fever.
What causes mold?
Mold comes from many sources, but it does need three things to grow and continue - light, moisture, and a food source. In addition, food source does not necessarily mean something like old pizza or hamburger. It can be the carpet, carpet pad, wallpaper glue, building materials, and more.
Mold can come from leaks, standing water, running toilets, condensation, steam, roof leaks, moisture, flooding, poor drainage, poor ventilation and more. A family of four people can contribute 18 gallons of water a week to the air in their home! If not vented or handled properly, mold will form and become a problem.
What can prevent mold?
Keeping the property in good condition at all times is a key to mold prevention. Preventative measures are definitely more cost effective. Making sure plumbing works properly and water is not collecting anywhere, can prevent many mold problems.
Having adequate ventilation within the residence is also important. Working windows, heating, and air conditioning are a key factor here. It is much cheaper to retrofit windows than pay an attorney and a tenant, thousands in damages, not to mention millions awarded to the tenant in a lawsuit. Hire professionals to do work and check the heating and air conditioning systems, making sure they include ducting, insulation, humidifiers, and vents.
What steps can you take if mold appears?
First and of utmost importance, do NOT ignore any issue concerning mold. If notified that a mold situation exists, ask questions, and take the necessary steps that we, your property management company, advise. The courts will not accept a property owner who claims they had no knowledge of the mold, or that the property management company is responsible. This is where the property owner and the property management company must work as a team.
Next, the extent of the mold must be determined immediately to discern the type of mold, the severity, and how it to treat it. It may be necessary to call a mold specialist to determine the type of mold and how it to eradicate it. There are often simple solutions for cleaning up mold. If not, it requires a mold professional to handle the problem.
If the tenant is contributing or causing the mold problem, counseling the tenant may be the proper action to take while treating the mold. Then there should be follow up appointments to check for further evidence of mold. There are people who do not ventilate bathrooms and cook with high heat in kitchens without using the oven/stove fans. Removing a tenant who contributes to serious mold problems may be a necessary move but handled carefully and with plenty of documentation, to avoid another potentially dangerous situation – discrimination charges. Nevertheless, whether the tenant is causing the problem or not, the property owner should act to eradicate the mold quickly and effectively.
The Bottom Line
Mold is a very serious issue - one you should never ignore. Use common sense, practice preventative maintenance, and, if there is any question of mold, take immediate action. Work with us, your management team, to prevent serious liabilities for your investment.
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In this article we will be focusing on the ways in which concentration during exams can be increased. These days due to so much distraction around it is very difficult for anyone to sit for a longer period and study. Even if the book is opened in front of the person, a person might be mentally in another zone not being able to concentrate on his/her actual studies. It is not only about studies but also about work.
It is very difficult these days said by experts for people to actually concentrate on one task for more than 20 minutes. We will be discussing some pointers which may help in better concentration. It takes a while longer to improve concentration but if enough effort is put into it then with time concentration level can be improved with time.
1. Having a fixed place to study
It is usually said that people associate their places with the things they do. For Example:- A dining table is mostly associated with food and a bed is mostly associated with sleep. So you should never study in either of them because you will not be able to have full concentration and will end up thinking of food or sleeping. Having or devoting a proper place or an area to study is really important so that you can associate that place to your studies and as you go to that place your mind automatically goes to the mindset of studying which inturn will definitely increase your concentration.
Eight Ways to Increase Concentration during CA Exams
2. Physical activity and a balanced diet
This is one point which is extremely underrated in today's time. People think that devoting time to physical activities will be wasting their time and hence don't understand the importance of being physically fit during the days of their preparations and exams. It is said that any physical activity is a form of self-care and helps to de-stress and calm a person. For example:- Just a fifteen minute wallpaper day is very good as a form of physical activity.
Today junk has become a very major part of anyone's diet and everyone likes to eat junk instead of eating proper and simple food. Junk food causes lethargy and a decline in performance during cognitive tests according to a study done in America.
3. Concentrating on one task at a time
Multitasking has become a comparatively more famous concept in today's day. Multitaskers are said to be more achieving in life than compared to people who like to focus on one task at a time. Well I am of the view that one should focus on one task at a time. If you focus on one task at a time it is mostly done in a way better way than compared to if you have multiple tasks in mind at a time. Your mind would be free and would be able to retain more if one task is focused on at one time rather than multiple things together.
4. Switching off from the digital world
Technology came as a boom for the world but has clearly become like a curse due to overuse and undue advantage of it. Social media tops the list of causing distractions to people and has been said to cause an ill-effect to the mental health of individuals. People don't know their limit of using social media and hence they overuse it which causes major distraction and causes comparison in people which is a major factor of distraction and emotional pain these days. The best solution to this problem is to switch off or log out of phones and social media during these days. Only study material should be accessed or important documents should be accessed during this time so that the addiction can be controlled.
5. Study with a partner
A partner or a person is a source of motivation to study together with a person. Any help can also be provided and also improvements can be done because of a partner.The monotony of studying alone can be broken because of a partner and even boring subjects may become slightly more interesting to study with the help of a partner. However while finding a study partner it is very important to find someone who is always lifting you up and helping you instead of someone who distracts you more during your studies.
6. Taking short breaks
Taking small breaks in the middle is extremely important. Studying continuously at once is not at all feasible and becomes very monotonous. Taking short breaks in the middle to do certain activities is very important to keep the freshness while studying. Activities like watching an episode of your favorite series, walking, talking to family or friends can be done while taking short breaks from studies to achieve freshness and that concentration again while studying.
7. Meditation
It has been proved right from the medieval ages that meditation is what increases focus, brings clarity and calms the mind. Like physical activity is important in the same way even your mind needs activity which can be achieved in the form of meditation. Meditation can be challenging in the beginning and one might not be able to concentrate much on it but continuous practice can bring a lot of benefits of meditation in the long run. Some benefits of meditation include reducing stress, promoting emotional health, lengthening attention span and improving self awareness. Positive effects in concentration will definitely be shown once meditation is consciously practised.
8. Studying in a peaceful environment
Noise definitely is one of the biggest distractions and one must consciously choose an area where it is specifically silent to study and is free of all distractions. A silent area must be chosen to study which will have no noise. For example:- an isolated room or corner in the house can be chosen. If not then a library near the residence could be chosen which will help and motivate one to study even more.
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Founded by Shozo Kawasaki in 1896, Kawasaki got started building parts for ships, railroads, and eventually aircraft. It wasn't until after World War II that Kawasaki emerged as a major Japanese company.
Kawasaki jumped into the motorcycle industry in 1960 when it bought out Meguro Motorcycles. Kawasaki released its first full bike in 1961- the B8 125cc two-stroke.
In 1966 Kawasaki started to fulfill it's desire to hit the American market by opening their American Headquarters in Chicago, IL. After realizing that the American market desired larger displacement (more powerful) motorcycles, Kawasaki released the Mach III (AKA the H1) - a 500cc three-cylinder two-stroke in 1969. It was that same year that Dave Simmonds won the World Championship on his Kawasaki H1. Ever since then, Kawasaki has had a reputation for the most powerful engines on two wheels.
Kawasaki's line up, known as the Ninja, has had vast success with models such as the GPZ900R, ZX750R, ZX6R, ZX9R, ZX10R, and many others. Kawasaki has won many racing championships worldwide with many different riders such as: Dave Simmonds, Reg Pridmore, Kork Ballington, Anton Mang, Eddy Lawson, Wayne Rainey, Doug Chandler, Scott Russell, Shane Byrne, and Tom Sykes.
Competition Werkes' own Ward McKee even raced Kawasakis in the 1970's and 80's. He also has owned many Kawasaki street bikes throughout the years. Since the mid 1980's Competition Werkes has manufactured many motorcycle performance parts and accessories for the very powerful Kawasaki lineup. Products including the Fender Eliminator Kit, WerkesUSA GP Exhausts, GP Footpegs, and MotoMPH Integrated Taillights. All Competition Werkes products for Kawasaki motorcycles are made to enhance the performance of these finely crafted, high performance, Japanese motorcycles. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9616768956184388}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '108659', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MM5YVO36ULGUDQCFNZ6FBLJHGOSHKQBX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:fa5f73e6-66d6-4be4-8df2-5ae1fd2529c0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 26, 12, 23, 46), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.227.38.74', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Y5JRQZSZEZSYNXO2N5WTZ43JB4SNICJD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:103f63f7-74d4-4ca9-be4f-c9f9b531466e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.competitionwerkes.com/pages/kawasaki', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d8c0bedb-613c-405c-ab87-c2c2d89dc19e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '272', 'url': 'https://www.competitionwerkes.com/pages/kawasaki', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-142\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.022190332412719727', 'original_id': '02a1eb5903e69b752dc17d60822a045a31352d38eed4c02664571229ef14fdba'} |
Eclipse Community Forums - RDF feed Eclipse Community Forums Blueprint Cyclic Dependency
Service A depends on Service B
Service B depends on Service A
I understand from reading the OSGi specification (section 121.2.6 Cyclic Dependencies that this can be resolved making sure there is a "breaking" member - i.e. one of the services has the other as a property (and not a constructor argument). Both Service-beans also need to be declared as singletons (doing that too).
However, even when setting it up this way I still see the container waiting for the dependency on the other service to get satisfied and eventually timing out.
Is this a known issue or am could I be doing something wrong here ?
I'm using Virgo 3.5.0 Final.
Johan Eriksson 2012-11-22T14:13:15-00:00
Re: Blueprint Cyclic Dependency Johan Eriksson 2012-12-04T12:57:08-00:00 Re: Blueprint Cyclic Dependency
I wonder if you could break the cycle by making one of the service references optional or using a set which could initially be empty? I haven't much experience of this, but it might give you a direction to explore.]]>
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Saturday, April 2, 2011
In the last post we discussed the first stage in the development of human society, where men distinguished themselves through physical strength or ability in war to become leaders. Heredity provided a leader’s family with some prestige security, but it was not until the elite began to accumulate wealth through ownership of land that they were able to separate themselves permanently from the lower class.
So, what remained, then, was for the non-wealthy class to differentiate itself. This process eventually produced a class of nobility and a middle class which was able to separate itself from the poor. In many societies slaves were added along the way to form a permanent underclass, sitting beneath the lowest class of freemen. In the end, a fully differentiated socio-economic model resulted, which was the parent of the human society we have today.
There were two main drivers for the differentiation of the lower classes: demand for goods and services by the wealthy and demand for community-wide specialized skills resulting from growth of the population. The wealthy were interested in the goods required to support the prestige of their position – fancy clothing, exotic foods, jewelry, perfume, transportation, and tutors for their children. They also had idle time which needed to be filled by social events, travel, or sport.
The lower class become differentiated above the level of the common laborer when its most able members realized that they could use their unique skills to earn money. Those who were good with their hands could become carpenters, while those with a good ear could become musicians. Analytical types might become accountants or money lenders. All of this was possible because a densely packed population could feed itself from the output of the local farmer. Man now had the time develop his skills, because he didn’t have to look for food.
As crafts developed, some were more prized than others, so the individuals with those skills could expect to earn more money. Some crafts, by their nature, were looked down upon. For example, undertakers and butchers were considered inferior, while those engaged in intellectual pursuits were admired. To the wealthy, all skills not engaged in by them were seen as lowly, especially those where a man had to get his hands dirty.
The Nobility was a sub-class consisting of those individuals who were able to climb above the rest of the middle class. One might call this group “new money” describing a recent status change as opposed to the “old money” of the permanently wealthy. The nobility included those who were either intelligent or resourceful enough to rise to a position of authority or wealth. During the period of the Roman Republic, the Knights (Equites) were the nobility class. Originally cavalry men who were wealthy enough to buy horses and equipment, the knights later took the role of businessmen, working at professions deemed inferior by the patricians, but necessary to them. Cicero was a classic example. Raised as a pleb, he so impressed the elites by his legal skill and oratory, he was elevated to the nobility.
Lastly, we have the development of a slave class, always the lowest class in any society. Slavery can have several definitions, but we will use Aristotle’s as a typical example.
“A slave is a living possession, who is by nature not his own but another’s and yet a man”
Slavery was a bi-product of the maturing human society and did not exist before man developed agriculture. The reason is a practical one in that nomadic tribes had no way to manage slaves while they were on the move. Without close management, slaves would attempt to escape whenever the opportunity arose.
In the history of human society slavery has two types - intra-tribal and extra-tribal. Intra-tribal slavery occurs when members of a community lose their status and fall into a subservient position. An example would be someone who cannot repay his debts or commits a serious crime. Extra-tribal slavery occurs when one group is defeated in war by another and is absorbed into the victor’s population.
Often, the existence of a slave class has an adverse effect on the society. As unpaid laborers, the slaves contribute to high productivity, but they also displace the lower classes from the job market. During the Roman Republic, the accumulation of wealth among a few patricians and their use of slave labor to work their estates led to the death of the small farm and the unemployment of the small farmer. Eventually, there was an exodus of displaced persons to Rome where they became restless urban poor.
We need to let the Spartans rest for a while and move on to other things, namely a discussion of socio-economic class in the history of human society. A pioneer in studying the subject was Gunnar Landtman, the first modern sociological anthropologist. Landtman was Finnish (1878-1940) and he is best known for his study of the cultural behavior of the Papuan tribes of the Pacific. This, and other research he performed, became the basis for one of his best known works, The Origin of the Inequality of the Social Classes.
So, we will dedicate a couple of posts to discussing Landtman’s work. Why? Because the ancient societies developed via the dynamics Landtman describes. Understanding these dynamics not only gives us a view into the early political systems, but also describes what we see in society today. The forward motion of any culture and its political system is constrained by the inherent nature of human beings. If you take geography, climate, and natural resources as catalysts, mix in a large group of people, you get a culture that reflects the character of the environment experienced through those people. One need only reflect on the deserts surrounding Egypt, the mountains of Greece, or the inland position of Rome to understand this.
Landtman starts with the notion of equality as a measure of human society. What is equality? We know that people are not physically or mentally equal, so how can they be equal in society? We can create laws that apply to everyone, but still some will be find an advantage or disadvantage in those laws. In America, we like to think we have equal opportunity, which is a practical form of equality, but even here we must admit that opportunities are only equal for those with equal capabilities and an equal starting point.
As Landtman tells us:
“It is true that, in a certain measure, individual and social differences go together. In every society a man’s social status is more or less influenced by his personal qualifications. People hold an individual of superior ability in higher esteem than others, and value his opinion, whereas the worthless are looked down upon. From the sociological point of view such an individual inequality appears in every respect natural, and consequently unavoidable. We may safely venture the assertion that no human society has ever existed or will ever exist where the social standing and influence of the different individuals does not vary according to their personal merits or demerits.”
Aristotle said, “For that some should rule and other be ruled is a thing not only necessary, but expedient; from the hour of their birth some are marked out for subjection, others for rule.”
This reality will work against reformers who attempt to abolish the social classes and make us all equal. As Landtman points out, the irony of class leveling is that the most primitive societies have class equality inherent in their structure, but the more developed a society becomes, the more difficult it is to break down class distinctions.
What is it that begins class development progress? Let’s go back to a primitive society, most likely nomadic, where there are no class distinctions. In the beginning, we see the rising of those who are able to use their exceptional qualities to gain influence over other men. The most obvious examples are physical strength and leadership, which are critical in time of war. Every tribe has to protect itself and fight other tribes for dominance. It may lose if weak or win if strong. The leaders on the winning side earn admiration and move into a “class by themselves”. When they have become separated of from others based on perceived status, we have the beginning of a class system. The leader’s trophies of war serve as physical reminders for others who is superior.
Like leadership and courage in war elevate an individual in society and separate him from peers, weakness and cowardice have the opposite effect. Those who may have some superior talents find themselves lowered in status or outcast by their negative traits.
Heredity also plays a part in validating superior status. Those individuals born into “old” families have prestige over those born into “new” families because older families have generations of proof to demonstrate their pedigree. This allows them to avoid the scrutiny placed on the offspring of new families. Although heredity may give some sanction to a family and its leaders, its tradition is still tied to the accomplishments of each generation. One or more failures and the chain is broken.
Acquiring wealth is the most permanent way to insure superior status in a society. In ancient times wealth came from property and property separated a man’s status from his physical attributes. Even though the first landholders were leaders, their wealth was passed on to later generations who may not have possessed the same physical skills. Of course, the ownership of land could not become a factor in creating social class until man had given up his nomadic ways and settled in a particular location. Like today, land and the wealth derived from it accumulates quickly so the wealthy become separated from the masses in a few generations. Those lacking wealth were an undifferentiated population – separate from the elite but equal among themselves.
After a time, we ended up with what Aristotle describes below.
“Those who have too much of the goods of fortune, strength, wealth, friends and the like, are neither able or willing to submit to authority… On the other hand, the very poor, who are in the opposite extreme are degraded. So that one class cannot obey and can only rule despotically; the other knows not to command and must be ruled like slaves. Thus arises a city, not of freemen, but of masters and slaves, the one despising, the other envying.”
We see that the first socio-economic class developed in human society consisted of a wealthy class built through the accumulation of land which was passed on through generations. The masses would not be able to differentiate themselves until population density created demand for a differentiated worker class and the wealthy desired goods an undifferentiated lower class could not provide. Without power over the wealthy, the lower classes could not demand the rights that come with a democratic government. It would take centuries for that power to become a force for change.
Friday, April 1, 2011
Toynbee, in his chapter titled Social Effects of the Lycurgan Reforms, wrote the following:
“A tug-o’-war between public and private interests at Sparta gradually produced the peculiar Spartan spirit in which the way of life was reflected. The pressures that, at Sparta, were stamping human nature with this peculiar imprint became more and more severe as Sparta’s situation, within her own dominions and abroad, became more and more difficult. But even the utmost turn of the screw could not change human nature. All that it could do was to repress nature; and, if and when the pressure was removed or was even just relaxed, the rebound of human nature was correspondingly violent.”
This quote, as it relates to the Spartans, will be discussed in the next post, but I will use it here to reference the political situation in the United States today. As my readers know, one of the themes of this blog is “relating ancient history to today”. This is one of those comparison points -- the situation where the American Progressive movement is hard at its attempt to implement neo-socialism in America. Neo-socialism, in my use, refers to government control of industry rather than the more classic definition of government ownership. We see government now controlling health care, wanting to control our relationship to the environment, these initiatives to be funded by a re-distribution of wealth through taxation. My first inclination is to suggest that these programs are too idealistic for human nature and will, in the end, be ineffective, but we’ll have to analyze this further.
I wrote about Marx in a post called Karl Marx Redux on September 3, 2009. In that article I discussed Marx’s lack of knowledge of antiquity, and stated that if he would have known the history, he would have realized his own theory was suspect. By theory I mean his notion that people can somehow be made socio-economically equal in a society -- that we can create a system where all people have an equal standing and the rich and poor are eliminated as constituencies. According to Marx, a revolution is supposed to occur by the force of human will when the lower classes become galvanized to overcome repression at the hands of the wealthy and their evil corporations. We all know how the story ends. Communism turned out to be the antithesis of equally when it was implemented via an autocratic bureaucracy.
Today, we have a different force at work; theoretical ideas of the left wing elitist academic class, who believes that leveling society is “the right thing to do”. This fairness doctrine is defined as the rich do not deserve their wealth so as much of it as possible should be taken for the benefit of lower classes.
Communism failed because it was idealistic and did not take into account human behavior. European socialism worked for a time, but now it has run out of money and is experiencing the economic impact of inefficiency. So why are we trying to duplicate something that no longer works in Europe?
The fundamental problem with neo-socialism are that it represents an unrealistic view of man in society AND its attempts to create human leveling are doomed to failure because they can only be inefficiently implemented, and, in the end, will not accomplish their purpose.
I call neo-socialism unrealistic because it imagines that if society were leveled, people would be better off. Somehow the have-nots by becoming haves would be happy. Of course, the main assumption behind this is that they desire to live in this new “leveled” society and be the haves. How well the new haves will be able to manage themselves, after they have been pulled out of a lifestyle that was familiar and placed into one that is foreign is open to question.
In the real world, human nature is quite divergent. People’s accomplishments depend on their intelligence and personality type. These two factors largely determine where a person ends up (as long as he hasn’t been born rich) and there is little that society can do to change this equation. Obviously, there are exceptions; a child who escapes the ghetto to enroll in Harvard Medical School being an obvious example. Still, the majority combine their birth situation, family experience, environment, intelligence, and personality traits to achieve what they achieve, and government proscribing their ultimate placement in society is not only unrealistic but a violation of basic human rights. An artificial “leveler” is as silly as Marx’s notion of the dictatorship of the proletariat.
Let’s set up our leveling system and see how it works. We said we would have the tax rates adjusted to take money from the rich and re-distribute it to the poor. What amount is to be taken? Is a fair amount $ 1,000 per rich person or $ 10,000? How do we decide who to give the money to? Do we start with the poorest, maybe the homeless, and give them money first? How do we know when they have enough money? When they can pay for an apartment? Or when their apartment is full of furniture and they have purchased a car?
The bottom 22% of the American population (yearly income) has about 16,700,000 families. These are people who make less than $ 30,000 per year. The median income of all Americans is $ 65,000, so should we raise the lowest 22% up to the median? If we assume the median income of the lowest 22% is $ 15,000 per year, then it will take $ 50,000 x 16.7 million families or $ 835,000,000,000 to raise the lowest 22%. We still have 28% more families to take care of who are below the median.
Now we have to come up with a mechanism to manage the leveling, so we will create a government bureaucracy to handle the task. This bureaucracy will need tens of thousands of employees to keep track of everything. If person A becomes a “have” he has to be taken off the have-nots list, but remain in monitor status to make sure he doesn’t split back. If he does, the flow of money to him has to begin again. At all times, we will have new haves being monitored, have-nots being funded, and old rich haves giving up their money. Oh yea, we’ll have to monitor the old haves too because they may slip into have-not status.
This all sounds ridiculous doesn’t it?
In the real world the rich would have their taxes raised to generate the required $ 835 billion. Then Congress would have to decide how to distribute that money through programs it would create. There would be programs for education, programs for housing, programs for food distribution, and programs for jobs. Wouldn’t those programs have to have a lot of complicated rules? How would they be managed to insure successful outcomes? Wouldn’t they be inefficient like every other bureaucracy?
The other question we have to ask is “How comfortable are we with the permanence of this solution?” In other words is this a teleological (end justifies the means) or deontological (means justifies the ends)? Those on the side of the former are on shaky ground because we cannot predict the long term outcome of a radical re-structuring of a society. Those on the side of the latter can prove their point if there are benefits to society as we move along toward the future. But reality is reality and what will happen will happen.
Today’s western society is in its youth compared to the ancient societies. The Greek Polis lasted 500 years – Rome between Republic and Empire 1000 years. Modern western society had its beginning with the American revolution, a mere two hundred and forty-four years ago. If you read the ancient histories, you know that political systems evolve, as Polybius suggested. Each one has a beginning, middle, and end according to the forces at work on the culture. Radical changes can be effective for a time, but as Toynbee suggests, circumstances spring people back to an equilibrium state at some point. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '34605f22d8b2c53a141a540e92751d4bff4e06bc6c06e75a4201c8c518342818'} |
Wednesday, August 17, 2011
The Canaanite Woman
Are you still so dull?
Jesus put that question to his disciples in the 15th chapter of Matthew when they missed the point of his teaching. These men left their jobs and families to follow Jesus. Clearly, they were committed, but they didn’t always grasp the purpose of their mission.
There are two more examples of that in Matthew 15:21-39. Do we sometimes miss Jesus’ message? Are we so dull?
Lord Christ, I was puzzled about your encounter with the Canaanite woman. She implored you to heal her daughter.
Taken literally, you were rude to her. There must be more to the story because the woman professed belief, persisted with her request and the child was healed!
Were you baiting your disciples? Drawing attention to their inattention, to their prejudice?
The story unfolds…
You continue your healing ministry among the lame, maimed, blind and mute. The miracles reach a crescendo as you feed over four thousand people from a picnic basket.
Again, your disciples are running low on empathy and faith, while you teach a lesson in abundance.
Do I set my sights too low? Do obstacles overwhelm me? Do I exclude others from your grace?
Teach me your lessons, Jesus, in…
Belief. Persistence. Compassion. High expectations.
Even miracles. Amen. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9628974795341492}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '122928', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PDO7RPTQARDVD3IXZXQFUFTRPPNBOELT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:50c3ae3d-d591-4531-910e-642a4367dc36>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 19, 3, 50, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.58.219.211', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RL52E5PVEEAYEEED2ZVUUZJQ7Q6RMPBI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:80efd341-a816-428d-8954-d802ef8ce6ce>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.prayerwerks.org/2011/08/canaanite-woman.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:159efae8-70ef-41f2-a8e7-e78a4cd8280f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '217', 'url': 'http://www.prayerwerks.org/2011/08/canaanite-woman.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-101-220-24.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07256954908370972', 'original_id': '4346f282712b209f20974cd40378bfe628da1e64775477dc8c9b17f8b4fb712c'} |
If I hear a scholar or someone who recites majalis recite a hadith, is there any hadith available which allows me to accept that hadith without trying to research each one as to it’s authenticity? I have a naturally questioning perspective in life but I don’t want to question each thing I hear without inadvertently sinning some how.
One has to have a background in the science of Hadith to be able to know if Hadith he hears is authentic or not.
Another way of doing it is to approach the Maulana/Sheikh for the proof of what he is quoting | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9536061882972716}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '44330', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4TCHAVCNXSSMQ4IUZB2TOFRRCIKQCIVZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7d9b5ca0-eb78-4560-830d-08a099ba0381>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 9, 30, 3, 30, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '167.86.117.126', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KA4E5R52LVJ6LSKAQHXXQMIMMMUVHNCG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:47cd6d54-ab00-429e-95a4-cf75e2c0ae06>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.askthosewhoknow.org/archives/question/if-i-hear-a-scholar-or-someone-who-recites-majalis-recite-a-hadith-is-there-any-hadith-available-which-allows-me-to-accept-that-hadith-without-trying-to-research-each-one-as-to-it39s-authenticity-i', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3b73117d-4c38-469e-a965-01727f71fdbc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '100', 'url': 'https://www.askthosewhoknow.org/archives/question/if-i-hear-a-scholar-or-someone-who-recites-majalis-recite-a-hadith-is-there-any-hadith-available-which-allows-me-to-accept-that-hadith-without-trying-to-research-each-one-as-to-it39s-authenticity-i', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-40\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September/October 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-28\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.3460768461227417', 'original_id': '459b2b7a6ea6ef354f7588f74a21a4ba234ad545e04ec6d97e6a3e841377eeb2'} |
The start of the Eifel Grand Prix weekend was delayed on Friday morning when bad weather meant the drivers were unable to take to the track at 11am local time as planned for the first practice session.
Fog and rain at the Nurburgring on Friday morning meant the conditions were too bad for the medical helicopter to be able to fly - meaning Race Control would not allow cars on track.
The FP1 session did technically start at 11am local time, though Race Control advised the teams that the pit lane would remain closed, and a further update would be issued at 30 minutes into the session. They also said a 10 minute notification would be given before the pit lane opened.
The delay will be particularly disappointing for Mick Schumacher and Calum Ilott, the Ferrari junior drivers who are set to make their F1 free practice debuts in this session for Alfa Romeo and Haas respectively.
Follow all the latest on the delayed session in our live blog here.
Fans huddle under umbrellas and wait for the action to start at the Nurburgring
Race Director Michael Masi explained they would keep a close eye on the weather, but added that safety was the primary concern.
"It is a bit challenging, obviously, with the fog that’s come in, the medical helicopter is not able to take off and fly to the hospital," he said. "The distance by road is far too far should something occur, so at the moment we’ve effectively started the countdown clock for Free Practice 1 and then we’ll provide a further update to teams every 30 mins.
READ MORE: Hot Topic – Why cold weather could be the defining factor at the Eifel GP
"Obviously the region that we’re in is probably not dissimilar to Austria, earlier in the year where we had a similar situation. It’s just the nature of the area and the location, and the fog’s come in, it’s sort of been going up slightly then coming down more dramatically.
"We’ll just judge at the time and from an FIA perspective the safety of all the participants, particularly of the drivers coming out is paramount and that’s not something we will not compromise." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '5', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9620386362075806}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '197417', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5X7QHUDETEZ7VRZQ4FXKQ5HJ7FXGMTEG', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5edca2ed-e732-4ae9-bf04-785e16e3f80f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 9, 29, 21, 45, 35), 'WARC-IP-Address': '99.84.108.116', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JHDBA6OI2GOPHA6QREYIKMR7Z2T6NIFC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d27c1c7a-f9b0-4e09-b623-85846e2dae73>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.eifel-grand-prix-fp1-running-delayed-by-bad-weather-at-nurburgring.6qPYCmDVCB7HmpVNto3w2k.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2c49301f-1fe5-4453-9a5a-0bfb9eeb9e84>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '367', 'url': 'https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.eifel-grand-prix-fp1-running-delayed-by-bad-weather-at-nurburgring.6qPYCmDVCB7HmpVNto3w2k.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-40\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September/October 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-194\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05372530221939087', 'original_id': 'f2a4f090c6587607272489c87f5577cea7004006af789c0ca047f80a782d0db7'} |
!**< def
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|''get''|@{@{this}.name}|is|@{name}|
)
!define test (!|fitlibrary.specify.dynamicVariable.DynamicVariablesUnderTest|
|define action|Person|
|${body}|
|'''set'''|rick.name|'''to'''|Rick|
|'''set'''|rick.class|'''to'''|Person|
|'''set'''|this|'''to'''|rick|
|''name is for default object''|Rick|
)
**!
If the dynamic variable ''this'' is set, it's treated as the default object. This avoids the need to explicitly use an '''oo''' special action.
|!-fitlibrary.spec.SpecifyFixture-!|
|${test}|!-<table border="1" cellspacing="0">
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<br/><table border="1" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="pass"><i>name is for default object</i></td>
<td>name</td>
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<tr><td><i>get</i></td>
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<td>@{name}</td>
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</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br/><table border="1" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td><b>set</b></td>
<td>rick.name</td>
<td><b>to</b></td>
<td>Rick</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><b>set</b></td>
<td>rick.class</td>
<td><b>to</b></td>
<td>Person</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><b>set</b></td>
<td>this</td>
<td><b>to</b></td>
<td>rick</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br/><table border="1" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td class="pass"><i>name is for default object</i></td>
<td>Rick</td>
</tr>
</table>-!|
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Takatoshi Matsumoto
is a former Japanese football player.
Playing career
Matsumoto was born in Minato, Tokyo on September 5, 1983. He joined J1 League club Kyoto Purple Sanga from youth team in 2002. He debuted in October and played several matches as center back in 2002 season. However he could only play 1 match in 2003 and Sanga was relegated to J2 League end of 2003 season. He moved to J1 club FC Tokyo (2004) and Vissel Kobe (2005). However he could not play at all in the match in both clubs. In 2006, he moved to J2 club Shonan Bellmare. He became a regular player in 2006. However his opportunity to play decreased from 2007 and he could hardly play in the match in 2008. In June 2008, he moved to Tokushima Vortis and became a regular player soon. However he could not play at all in the match for injury from September and left the club end of 2008 season. In September 2009, he joined Japan Football League club MIO Biwako Kusatsu. However he could not play at all in the match and retired end of 2009 season.
Club statistics
References
External links
sports.geocities.jp
Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:Association football people from Tokyo
Category:Japanese footballers
Category:J1 League players
Category:J2 League players
Category:Japan Football League players
Category:Kyoto Sanga FC players
Category:FC Tokyo players
Category:Vissel Kobe players
Category:Shonan Bellmare players
Category:Tokushima Vortis players
Category:MIO Biwako Shiga players
Category:Association football defenders | mini_pile | {'original_id': '69525cf54b98c546607e5e0269e409150d0542d6475657019e93195d830d2fe1'} |
Underneath the Coconut Tree-
More than just for pleasure, coconut for your Health and Wellness.
Now the coconut is recognized as a nutritional powerhouse
Coconut-a tropical pleasure.
Most people conjure up an image of a lounge chair on the beach, a sunhat, and a coconut shell with a little umbrella, at the sound of the word coconut. Or the beautiful palm leaves cascading somewhere on the fringes of the photo of that idyllic tropical get-away. But did you know that the coconut can be a powerful source of vital nutrients? How about coconut for your Health and Wellness?
Perhaps your total experience with coconut is in a candy bar, or as a decadent sprinkling on a desert. Or the taste in a pina colada.
Desiccated coconut adds elegance to any desert.
This tropical fruit is available where ever good healthy foods are sold. The coconut, which is a fruit, has been a staple part of the diet of Asian and tropical countries for several centuries.
In the Caribbean, coconut trees and coconuts are as much a part of the culture and landscape as the sunshine and beaches. Cracking a coconut is a skill learned early by some, and feared by others. The first tree a child in school learns to draw is a coconut palm. The action of making those long strokes lends itself to fine muscle development. (Excuse my reminiscence)That is the early Childhood Educator in me showing up.
The fruit usually grows at the top of a tall palm, and climbing a coconut tree to retrieve the nuts is a dying art, that many never bothered to learn. As a child, we treasured coconut, because it was usually used in sweet treats and baking recipes. So that the hard task of preparing the grated coconut was always worthwhile.
Now, since I can more appreciate the coconut as a nutritional powerhouse, I use it in almost any recipe, with the confidence of getting good nutrition and exotic tastes.
The young nut contains several cups of nutritious and refreshing water.
The young nut contains several cups of nutritious and refreshing water.
Coconuts are used either in the young form, where the water is the main ingredient consumed, and the meat appears as a soft gel. As the coconut matures, the shell and the meat inside becomes thicker and harder. In this process the nutrients are also emerging.
Coconut water is composed of many naturally occurring bioactive enzymes which help in the digestion and metabolism.
Despite its very light consistency, its water has a much better composition of minerals like calcium, iron, manganese, magnesium, and zinc than most fruits.
Coconut water is also a very good source of essential B-complex vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, pyridoxine, and folates, which the human body requires from external sources to replenish itself.
Amazing!!! coconut for your Health and Wellness?
This is the “water” contained within the shell of a young coconut. The amount of water varies by the size, maturity, and variety of the coconut. It is one of the best sources of electrolytes known to man. Have you noticed in the movies where people are stranded on an island a coconut tree always appears? There is nothing closer to water that grows on a plant, bringing extra benefits from nature. The clear liquid is sweet, and sterile and composed of unique chemicals such as sugars, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, enzymes, amino acids, cytokine, and phyto-hormones.
A mature coconut is useful mainly for the meat inside. When this meat is extracted and shaved it is known as shredded coconut, and used for baking and other decadent forms of cooking.
The mature coconut meat can be shredded and used to produce, cream, milk, flour, and oil.
If you take the grated (shreded) coconut meat and press or squeeze the liquid from it, the resulting liquid is known as cream of coconut. Usually used for making Pina Colada and other tropical cocktails.
If this grated coconut meat is slightly hydrated with water to yield more liquid, pressed and drained the liquid is known as coconut milk. It is high in nutrients, and fat, and can be used as a plant based milk in vegetarian and vegan preparations. I have used it to replace, milk, yogurt and sour cream in recipes, with the result being more flavorfu,l and the satisfaction of added nutrients.
Coconut flour. A gluten free alternative to traditional flours.
Coconut flour. A gluten free alternative to traditional flours.
After the milk has been extracted from the grated coconut meat, the residue is dried, ground to a finer consistency, and used as flour for baking. It is an excellent source of fiber and a safe substitute for celiacs, gluten intolerances, and those with allergies to other more traditional flours.
If the milk is left to settle, the oil contained in the coconut meat originally collects on the top. This is known as raw, cold-pressed coconut oil. It is distinguished as cold pressed, because there are other methods of extracting coconut oil, that involves heat and chemical processes, which compromises the quality and the nutrients of the oil. For nutritional purposes, make sure that your coconut oil is organic and cold-pressed.
Nutritional experts advise to consume a couple of tablespoons of raw organic coconut oil daily, and many have reported measurable benefits from doing so. Me, personally have a hard time, drinking oil, so I use it in many ways. For pan frying, sautéing, baking and cooking.
Coconut oil is rich in lauric acid, which makes it a powerful antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal, and boosts the immune system. These properties combined can prevent, or help reduce the symptoms of several health conditions and illnesses.
Coconuts and especially coconut oil is thought to be efficient for weight control, lowering cholesterol and the risk of heart disease.
Coconut oil has shown to improve the condition of people with Crohn’s disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and other digestive disorders. The general belief is that there are very few nuts, fruits or oils which can claim such diversity as coconut, for your health and Wellness.
Countless stories are told of the benefits of coconut oil as a cosmetic agent. Both for skin and hair. If you look around, you will find that coconut extracts are used in a variety of cosmetic preparations and anti-aging concoctions.
On a lighter note,
the versatile coconut palm has been put to use in other ways. Making art and craft from the non-food parts of the coconut plant is both a dying art and a source of admiration, which I shall attempt to capture. Here are a few ways that they can be used.
Other parts of the coconut tree and fruit, can be used in creating art and other useful things.
Wine bottle made from a coconut shell.
The leaves of the coconut palm used to weave a basket.
The leaves of the coconut palm used to weave a basket.
Coconut shell used to create a lamp shade.
coconut shell carving
coconut shell carving
Coconut shell used to create a lamp shade.
Thank you so much for stoppping by my blog. I sure do appreciate your effort.
If you gained any thing from being here, feel free to share by any of these medium.
ALSO, PLEASE leave me a comment or a question. I would love to hear from you.
As always, Cheers to your Health and your WEALTH.
Your HEALTHY LIFESTYLE advocate, and Network MARKETING coach
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Friday, December 2, 2011
Addendum 12/3/11:
The news items are:
1. I think a lot of US Expats who had no tax due who dont reside in Canada will also benefit from this rule as the article says that this rule would apply to US Citizens not just dual US-Canada citizens. That means that immigrants are the only minnows caught in the OVDI without any relief. Thats not surprising given immigrants unlike Canadians and Expats in general have no lobbying power.
2. it would have been great relief if they do not impose base penalty on RRSP.
Also, this "no tax policy no penalty" should be extended to all expats -- not just those in Canada.
Other wishful thinking is OVDI base penalty should be less for visa workers, although I would not qualify..
A good/sensible policy will make this country stronger.
3. "Thats not surprising given immigrants unlike Canadians and Expats in general have no lobbying power."
It has nothing to do with lobbying power in this case. The key is "no tax due" missing filing will have no penalty. I think that would have applied to immigrants as well.
Most immigrants (including myself) are in OVDI --because tax due related to offshore accounts.
4. If you are an immigrant and if your offshore funds are assets acquired before coming here and if they are tax compliant in the (offshore/parent) country then those should be taken off of the base penalty.
5. Good to see Barrie reporting this. He has done some of the best reporting anywhere in the world on these issues.
Now, the proof will be in the details, and we will have to wait to see what comes of it. Count me in the skeptical camp that it won't be as good as it seems, as there will be some gotcha somewhere. And, it will be a technical fix, that one dollar on either side of the ledger lets you off the hook, or nails you!
I will with hold euphoria for Expats in Canada until I see the actual rules. We really need to get congress to move to a residency based tax system like the rest of the world, but fat chance of that!
6. IJ - I am very happy for the Canadian and other Expats - justice is finally being done for them because their government has been able to convince the IRS on fairness of the OVDI program.
The temporary visa workers in OVDI cannot hope for any relief. Is the Chinese or Indian government going to stand up to USA to seek relief for their citizens? At the end of the day to quote Orwell "All animal are equal but some animals are more equal than the others"
7. I am not ready to put the buggy before the horse.
The IRS has been so inept with expats thus far, it would be commendable if their next moves were well thought out. I will give them some hints here.
The following questions need to be answered:
1) Is this a broad relief to be extended to all overseas US citizens?
2) What if someone has owed taxes? Is there still relief for the FBAR penalties?
3) Is there some de minimis rule for the amount of taxes owed?
4) What if the overseas citizen has entered OVDI? What is the appropriate course of action? Should one opt out immediately? Is "opt out" the appropriate route to take or is there another procedure?
5) If opt out is the appropriate way to go, then are these overseas OVDI participants, automatically exempt from the possiblity of a full audit?
6) What tax (not FBAR) penalties should be paid if tax is owed? Is the 20% accuracy penalty really appropriate? The IRS has waived the accuracy penalty in earlier disclosure initiatives in order to bring more people into compliance in a cost effective manner (see IRM (07-01-2008)). As most of the overseas residents were filing taxes overseas and did not understand the US requirements, but they want to be compliant, if they owe some tax, why put on the 20% penalty? Ideally, only interest should be charged.
7) What will be the procedures for refunds and how long will it take?
Furthermore, the IRS is still showing they do not understand the realities of overseas US citizens by their statement that "no taxes must be owed".
If relief from tax and FBAR penalties hangs on the fact that no taxes must be owed, then many people are still stuck in OVDI and with huge penalties. The reality which many overseas people are finding is that they owe minimal taxes. Even residents in some of the highest tax countries in the world, are finding when they calculate their US taxes that they owe taxes to the US. We know of several cases in which there was a loss in a foreign mutual fund in the currency in which the overseas citizen lives and works in. This currency is the usually the most important for the overseas citizen. PFIC calculations require simulating that a fund is sold each year and these proceeds must be translated to dollars using the rate at the time of purchase and the rate at the time of the fictitious sale. A weak dollar made the loss look like a gain. US taxes had to be paid on this "phantom" gain. There were no foreign passive tax credits to take against this gain as the fund had a loss and there were never any taxable gains in the country of residence.
So using the absolute of "no taxes owed" is nothing to rejoice about. It would be much simpler and fairer if the IRS accepted proof of bona fide overseas residence. Taxes paid overseas could be used for backup, if for some reason the bona fide overseas residence was questioned.
Defined de minimus amounts of taxes owed also lead to problems. What if someone resident overseas sold their house, followed their local tax rules in their country of residence, but still owed taxes on the house sale to the US due to differing tax rules. This tax could be a potentially high amount, so putting a deminis limit on taxes owed as a way to decide if FBAR penalties should be assessed is inherently unfair as it assumes that all taxes overseas translate directly to the same liability in the US, which is far from the case.
As one can see, there are a lot of issues to be thought out in order to make this fair and cost efficient. It is also an opportunity to set up a policy that can be used in the future for the million of non-compliant overseas US citizens.
exactly. For example in India till 2006 if you invest the proceeds of long term capital gains
in a govt recognized bonds (54EC) for 4 years at a lower interest rate then you get a remission from paying the long term capital gains tax of 20%.
Though long term capital gains tax in US is 15%
and 20% in India, anyone investing all the gains
india govt bonds may have 0% tax liability there and still end up with 15% tax liability here if he/she does not know about these differences.
9. I see that Just Me and ij share my skepticism related to the “good news” for Canadians and possibly other expats.
I think we have been in this system too long. I now have more than one year in the system dealing with the FBAR fines fiasco. I am sick of the costs. I am sick of the about faces of the IRS, which, while often to my benefit, show that I would have been better off never listening to their recommendations to follow the preferred course of action and enter a Voluntary Disclosure program.
I feel like a maltreated guinea pig in an experiment that has gone horribly wrong.
In addition to the concerns about the “good news” that I mentioned in a previous comment, I have another one related specifically to the FBAR penalties.
Assuming that FBAR penalty relief is divorced from the fact that tax is owed, will the IRS accept as “reasonable cause” the fact that expats did not have good access to US tax professionals or information and therefore had no knowledge of the FBAR?
Pre-OVD, I understand that letters sent by expats explaining their lack of awareness were accepted by Detroit. Now the IRS may indicate that overseas resident taxpayers can send a letter with a “reasonable cause” explanation to waive the penalties. I am not a tax professional (obviously) and my reading of “reasonable cause” for FBAR penalties does not allow for “just not knowing”.
Am I correct?
Therefore, unless there is explicit guidance issued, we will only know defacto if there really is relief for those overseas resident taxpayers who just did not know about the FBAR requirement.
What do you think?
10. I also want to point out that relief in terms of "no penalty for failure to file if no taxes are owed" is no concession at all.
The failure to file penalty is calculated as a percentage of the tax due as shown on the tax return.
So big deal. If you don't owe any tax, you were never going to be charged a failure to file penalty anyway. 5% to 25% of 0 is 0.
So the Canadians shouldn't celebrate yet. If what is stated in Barrie McKenna's article is what the IRS is willing to do, then it is just a reiteration of the current rule and nothing has changed.
True tax penalty relief will only be when the IRS waives or lessens the tax penalties for those overseas filers who owed taxes. Maybe granting that to those who entered OVDI would be one way of recognizing the effort those in the program have made to comply.
11. To Anonymous December 3, 2011 3:20 AM
The more I think about it the more skeptical I become.
You make some excellent points, and someone else isn't buying it either...
Did you see this from the Righteous Investor, Peter Dunn. Title: "New IRS policy recasts the same old shameful policy as good and friendly, but we are not buying it"
I certainly have sympathy for these comments, and think the devil is in the details. Given how the technical modifications were made from the OVDP to the OVDI, with no deminis provisions, and adding an opague Opt Out procedure on top of an already onerous process, this really doesn't solve the issue for so many Expats. You are still going to eat up your LCUs complying.
To get the IRS to cease and desist, we really need a change in Statutes, and need Congress to do away with the Civil War based Citizenship taxation model. Do you see much hope for that? Me either. Do you see any sponsors in Congress for such legislation? Don’t know of any. Maybe this is something a Congressman like Ron Paul would take on, but you see how little notice the majority of the GOP and mainstream media give him when he talks. And as for the Dems, well forget it. They have a Carl Levin who more any other Senator is responsible for the current FATCA mess.
If there was any other OECD country trying to assert that type of Tax on their citizens residing in America, there would be outrage. There would probably calls to do away with it, like there are in Eritrea’s extortion against its citizens in Canada. But they are a 3rd world country, so never mind. What good company we keep! So, I guess we have to look at the US taxation model for what it is, involuntary "donations for the defense of the American Homeland." That is how an empire thinks.
12. Jack,
I do not know if you moderated out my comment on FBAR penalty relief for overseas resident US citizens, or if something else happened. I will submit it again without the small diatribe about my experience in OVDI. Please use the text below as the comment and do not post this part of text.
In addition to the concerns about the “good news” that I mentioned in a previous comment, I have another one related specifically to the possible FBAR penalty relief. My concern is that this proposed relief mentioned in the McKenna article is really not a relief at all.
Assuming that FBAR penalty relief for overseas resident US citizens is divorced from the fact that tax is owed, will the IRS accept as “reasonable cause” the fact that expats did not have good access to US tax professionals or information and therefore had no knowledge of the FBAR?
Am I correct?
What do you think?
13. Anon5% and Just me,
I think you have made good points on this penalty relief news. If the condition is "no tax owed", that would not even qualify to enter OVDI/ODP. Just simply file amend FBAR and return.
The real relief should be a waive FBAR penalty to all expats and US visa workers. Also get rid of penalty on retirement plans.
I do feel guilty for under reporting of my offshore bank income, and I do not even want to make an excuse of it (such as being misled or uninformed), I am willing to pay the penalty that has caused loss of IRS (12.5% or 25%) I only hope IRS can keep their words on what they have list on QA --- such as 5% should be applied to accounts with less activities, and late tax deferral election on retirement plan should be considered based on reasonable cause (who would not have done so if he knew such a thing ?)
Based on what I have seen the news and rumor -- IRS has no plan for being "reasonable" on "tax cheats" at all. they want to rip off as much as they can on those who are in OVDI, and they know they won't be able to catch most of the other smart/brave.
While I do not stand a chance to fight with them, but I will speak out/tell the truth -- how I have been treated -- and I will publish all my documents and their rulings -- so alert the public.
1. do you think they really care. Come on.
they just need to squeeze the last bit of oil from you and throw you out
14. The Globe article cites 3 points of relief for Canadians with US filing obligations. Only one of these points is really worth commentary, the other two points are simply restatements of existing law:
Point 1: Penalty relief for Canadians participating in OVDI. This is potentially great news, though we'll need to see how this relief will be administered.
Point 2: No late filing penalties for untimely returns if no tax is owed. This is simply a restatment of existing law. check out 6651(a)(1).
Point 3: No FBAR penalty if "reasonable cause" is shown. Again, this is simply a restatement of existing law. check out 31 USC 5321(a)(5).
I'm glad to see some movement on these issues however, there seems to be little new news in the announcement.
15. The Canadians in OVDI and OVDP have very little to be happy about. As Jack says, confirmed by my attorney, the relief is just for Canadians. No penalty is just where no taxes are owed.
This means that, unfortunately, Mr. Flaherty’s work on behalf of Canadians is not done.
Only those Canadians not owing taxes who participated in OVDP and OVDI and owed no taxes can get 100% of their FBAR penalty back. Based on OVDI FAQ 52.3 from June 2, 2011, their penalty was already reduced to 5%, so there is very little concession here.
What about the Canadians in OVDI who owe US taxes? What about the Canadians who are filing quietly and owe taxes? There are lots of stories about them on the Internet. It appears they are still subject to the FBAR penalties and as they are not in OVDI, there is still uncertainty as to those penalties.
As has been stated in previous comments, failure to file and reasonable cause in waiving FBAR penalties are nothing new. The IRS relief for Canadians appears to be a gratuitous action equivalent to swatting pesky little flies away.
The one hope is that the IRS is signaling that those Canadians who state that their reasonable cause for not knowing about the FBAR is because they have lived outside of America many years can avoid the FBAR penalties. That would set a precedent for others throughout the world.
What is also interesting is by this “relief” the IRS has made its position on non-Canadian grandmothers as tax cheats official. Ambassador Jacobson is confirming through the meager concession given only to Canadians, that “typical” American grandmothers in high tax countries such as those in Europe: Germany, Holland, France, the UK, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, etc., are considered to be tax cheats and the IRS wants to abscond with their savings, even if they owe no tax. His remarks in Mr. McKenna’s article support this view.
And if a grandmother owes tax, it is impossible for her to be innocent (of FBAR filing requirements), even if the tax owed is due to accounting differences between countries. This applies to grandmothers in Canada, too.
What is also grossly unfair is that the IRS did not magnanimously grant all US citizens who did not owe taxes and were in OVDI and OVDP relief from the FBAR penalties. Why is “Cindy”, the German-American featured in the Financial Times article of last June any different from Canadians? Why wasn’t she granted the same consideration?
16. For those of you who may have a problem following the link in my previous comment to the article on a Cindy, a German-American who owed no taxes and was still charged a huge FBAR penalty, try posting the following in your browser and you will find the article:
Financial Times, “Tax Compliance Bill Drives Expat to Despair of US”; June 12, 2011
17. I just found this article and according to it, the relief extended to Canada may apply to citizens of other countries. So "Cindy" mentioned in previous comment, may get all her penalty refunded.
Nevertheless, the "relief" offered remains no more than putting a band-aid on a broken leg.
18. Anon5% @ December 3, 2011 12:50 PM
I am not sure that I understand what you are asking. So I think I may be able to answer the thrust of your question as follows:
The nonwillfulness penalty does not require that you know of the legal duty (although it is hard for me to think the IRS would assert without have some basis to believe that reasonably you should have known; think the foreign account question on Schedule B). The reasonable cause exception is somewhat like the parenthetical in the preceding sentence except that it thrusts on the taxpayer the burden of showing reasonable cause. The base line, however, will be the false answer to the question on Schedule B, but it is clear from the IRM that more than that is needed.
Now your question is whether lack of access (I think you mean most convenient access) to professionals is reasonable cause. I don't thiink there is a crisp answer to that. If that is your only basis for reasonable cause and you filed your return, I don't think it would be very persuasive. But, the truth is that in these types of cases there are usually a lot more facts and circumstances that bear on the issue of reasonable cause. This particular fact could be among other facts that make a persuasive case for reasonable cause.
So, at least theoretically, just not knowing may not be a defense to the nonwillfulness penalty but if the taxpayer can persuasively show that he really did not know or, under his or her circumstances, reasonably should not have known, I don't think that the IRS will assert the penalty. But, where the IRS has reasons on the facts to believe that the taxpayer knew or reasonably should have known and there are other facts (not reporting the income which he or she should have known to report), then the IRS may not be so bold as to assert the willfulness penalty, but might assert some nonwillful penalty of from $1 to $10,0000 per account, with the position in that arrange based upon the unique facts.
It is all about the details.
Jack Townsend
19. Thank you, Jack. Your answer helps me a lot and I am sure it will be a good initial starting point for further investigations for those who may want to consider an opt out strategy.
20. Hi All,
I at first rejoiced somewhat as an American living 40 years in Canada. I filed for Canadian Citizenship 2 years ago but have not received it yet. On the first calculation, I owned no taxes but then an advisor informed me that between 2003 and 2007 the US had an Alternative Minimum Tax and so I owe $30,000 over 5 years. This may disqualify me from FBAR penalty freedom. I agree with most that this is just whitewash and no new policies have been made at all. They are simply restating current regulations if no tax owed then you may file FBARs penalty free. Whistler 64
21. What about the Canadians living in the USA as students, temporary workers, or snowbirds who had no idea about the FBAR? Our Canadian funds are still likely to flow south of the border. The Canadian government still needs to do more! We need equal protection. Contact Brian McKenna in Canada at
22. Hi Whistler '64: It doesn't make sense to me that you owe any taxes in the US, given Canadian tax rates. I think that you should consider a second opinion or least explain to me how, with the foreign tax credit, which is a dollar per dollar tax credit for every dollar paid in tax here in Canada, that you could owe something in the US. The only thing I can think of is that the majority of your income is passive and not subject to too much tax in Canada, and therefore, is exposed to the Alternate Minimum Tax in the United States--as the first $90K is the earned income exclusion.
There is a major reason why such a tax is absolutely unconstitutional and that is you are exposed to taxation without representation. Extra territorial taxation is indeed that because you do not have proportional representative in the House of Representatives because you were not counted in the census. Thus, there are grounds for civil disobedience for those who are truly still American in spirit--"No taxation without representation." The IRS is worse taskmaster than King George.
I recommend that you write up your tax issue at the Canadian Expat Forum, where others may interact with your situation. It could be very informative. Also there is a recent discussion at , about whether the tax treaty might even permit such a surtax on a Canadian resident, as it exposes you to the worst sort of double taxation.
At the time of taking Canadian citizenship, you should know, you can relinquish your US citizenship (as I explain in my at my blog,
23. Information is posted on IRS website:,,id=250788,00.html
Now that is good and this specifically benefit Canadians.
Now if only IRS could come up with some meaningful proposal for the thousands of IT workers, H1B, Green card that should benefit the Indians.
25. Jack - my reading of the IRS press release suggests that the relief offered by IRS only applies to dual citizens and will not apply e.g. if someone is a US citizen resident overseas but not citizen of the country that that person is resident in. Is that understanding correct?
26. thanks for the link, i accidentally found out abour form 8938. does it apply for 2010? i found some constroversial info. my cpa did not mention this form for ovdi
27. Does anyone know to what extent the IRS will communicate with Canada Revenue Agency (CRA?) If the IRS asks, does the CRA turn over all tax documents? What about Canadian banks, does the IRS subpoena all bank records from them? Does the IRS do a full blown asset search on any Canadian in the OVDI? I am curious because, while I discussed everything, I want to know what information the IRS has or will get to confront me with. I also want to know if CRA can open a simultaneous investigation and leave me in a two front war battling two tax agencies. Thanks
28. To Anon December 8, 2011 9:54 PM
Tax form 8938 does not apply for 2010. It applies for tax year 2011, and you are supposed to file it in 2012 when you do your taxes. I don't know if the instructions are finalized.
More info on this form at ACA
They have posted comprehensive comments to the IRS on the new 8938 from here…
29. To Anonymous December 9, 2011 12:46 AM
In the OVDI, I seriously doubt that any of the activity you are concerned about happens. (of course I could be wrong.) At least I can say with certainty, that none of that happened for my 2009 OVDP with New Zealand. Now, if you were in a full blown civil audit, maybe that would be different, and someone else who has gone through that would know.
30. "Does anyone know to what extent the IRS will communicate with Canada Revenue Agency (CRA?)"
According to the treaty, they should exchange information all the time. For example, if you are US resident, and you cash out your RRSP, CRA will notify IRS. This is what I heard from an agent of CRA.
That is why Canada gov has assure US --that Canada is not tax heaven for US taxpayers.
31. jack,
Is there a way an author could remove/delete/modify his prior postings?
32. To Anonymous at 12/9/11 7:01am
I don't know of any way to modify a comment. I could perhaps delete a comment if I can be absolutely certain the actual author of the comment is making the request to delete, he or she offers a good reason to delete, and there are no subsequent comments that make sense only if the original comment is not deleted. All of this will take some time and there are elements that are not likely to be met.
I recommend that you just forget about the comment(s) and move on.
Jack Townsend
To follow up my last post, here is a cut/paste of a letter from TD Bank that sent to Assistant Secretary (Tax Policy) Michael Mundaca and IRS Commissioner Douglas Shulman
"Automatic Information Exchange under U.S.-Canada Tax Treaty
In Canada, financial institutions (as payers or agents) are required to report amounts paid
or credited to non-residents that are subject to Canadian withholding tax on Form NR4, whether
such withholding tax is reduced by treaty or not. The information required to be reported to the
Canada Revenue Agency on the Form NR4 includes: (1) the nonresident recipient's name and
address; (2) the country in which the recipient is a resident for tax purposes; (3) the type of
income being reported; (4) the amount paid; and (5) the nonresident tax withheld. Information
received by the Canada Revenue Agency on the Form NR4 is regularly reported to the IRS
through information exchange under the U.S.-Canada tax treaty."
34. New article in the Financial Post by Jamie Golombek. Here is a link:
The two paragraphs at the end sums up what the new IRS promise to grant relief to the estimated one million U.S. citizens, including dual citizens, living in Canada really means.
I quote:
"In the week since the Fact Sheet was released, Toronto cross-border lawyer Christine Perry of Keel Cottrelle LLP has been besieged with calls from anxious clients wondering whether they are now home free.
'People need to be aware that ‘reasonable cause’ … is a very narrow technical concept. Behaviour that you or I may consider ‘reasonable’ in an intuitive sense may not cut it for the purposes of penalty relief,' Ms. Perry cautions."
Caution indeed!!
35. For you Canadians, you might want to read this blog about what the IRS really has planned for you...
S Says No New Relief Planned For Canadians
I quote...
After he answered my question he introduced me to Rosemary Sereti, who is Director of International Individual Compliance for the IRS. Ms. Sereti is the chief architect and is in charge of the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI). I spoke with Ms. Sereti at length at the conclusion of the lunch. Ms. Sereti was very generous with her time and provided the following insight:
She confirmed Mr. Shulman’s comment that the Fact Sheet was the guidance the Ambassador had alluded to.
Penalty abatement for Canadian residents participating in the OVDI is available only if the taxpayer “opts out” of the program and successfully argues that he had “reasonable cause” for failing to file the returns.
The IRS is aware of the problems caused by including registered retirement savings plans (RRSPs) in the OVDI penalty computation.
The IRS is on the lookout for taxpayers who attempt to bring their unfiled returns current by using “quiet disclosure” and those who attempt to resolve their filing obligations in this way will face harsh penalties.
What we can conclude from my interaction with Mr. Shulman and Ms. Sereti is the following:
First, it is unlikely that there will be a made-in-Canada-solution for those Canadian residents who are not current on their US filing obligations.
Second, there is the possibility of penalty abatement for participants in the OVDI provided the participant “opts out” of the program and can prove they had reasonable cause for failing to file returns.
Third, since the IRS is aware of the problems caused by including RRSPs in the OVDI penalty computation and has not issued guidance on the matter it is reasonable to conclude that, for now, the treatment of these accounts is an open issue.
Fourth, those who attempt to bring their filing obligations current by using “quiet disclosure” may find themselves in much more trouble than if they had used “voluntary disclosure.
36. Just me, thanks for sharing that post. In a post at the Isaac Brock Society, I mention that this whole problem could go away if the Secretary of the Treasury would just simply wave his magic wand, for USC 31, IV, 53, ii, § 5314 allows him to exercise his discretion in what may be "reasonable classificiation of persons subject to or exempt from a requirement under this section" or a foreign country. Phil Hodgen had applied this § 5314 to the defining those who need to file the form as US persons (under the tax code) but the FBAR law itself says, "each person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States"--which could be interpreted to exclude any number of "United States persons" such as Green Card holders who live in their country of citizenship, workers in US under a temporary permit, students on student visa, and Canadian dual citizens--for such people while in Canada would be subject to Canada not to the United States.
I.e., the executive branch in this case has a lot of leeway, and they have not heard the suffering of people who are rightfully worried about their retirements savings, their disability savings, their savings for the children's education. This application of the law by the Obama/Geithner team has created real hardship for people, and yet § 5314 also says that the tax-cheat Treasurer should consider the "need to avoid burdening unreasonably a person".
37. And Ho, Ho, Ho to all...
Breaking news from Canada. Santa Claus arrested.
Cute Parody.
38. Breaking story on the NYTs Home page...
This is big, I think... As the NYTs is the paper of record, and when it speaks others listen. I have already sent this to all my reporter email addresses. Make as many aware of the issue as possible...
Article title: Law to Find Tax Evaders Denounced
39. Just Me
I was hoping from your comment that the law in the article referred to was the FBAR law, but it refers to FATCA and the law is being denounced mostly because of the impact it has on foreign banks. Its not really a coverage of the problems (and ridiculous penalties) that expats/immigrants face under the FBAR laws, which are even more stringent than FATCA penalties.
40. To Anon December 27, 2011 6:05 AM
I understand your desires, but don't be too dismissive or disappointed. FATCA is actually the biggest and most significant part of the entire IRS crackdown efforts, and you have to get the news public anyway you can, even if it is talking about the cost to financial institutions. The Mainstream media in the US may not care about impacts of FBAR rules or VD programs on Minnows, but Bank costs in a very fragile financial climate will get attention. Any thing that potentially freezes up the investment environment gets discussion. That starts other reporters looking into the issues and why we got here and what other insane unintended consequences there are. That leads right back the VD efforts and the FBAR.
Note these comments… “Congress created the act after the Justice Department’s successful pursuit in 2009 of UBS that resulted in the Swiss bank — which had encouraged American citizens to set up secret offshore accounts”
That was the beginning of the VD efforts and the application of FBAR ridiculousness.
Also note the quote by ACA… “The Fatca legislation treats all Americans with overseas bank accounts as criminals, even though most of them are honest, hard-working individuals who happen to be living and working or retired abroad,” said Jacqueline Bugnion, a director of American Citizens Abroad.
or this on FATCA “Congress came in with a sledgehammer,” and “The Fatca story is really kind of insane.”
That is exactly what is wrong with the FBAR rules and enforcement practices of the IRS too. In the pursuit of tax evasion, normal folks are being criminalized and fearfully just paying ridiculous fines.
To have the NYTs report on FATCA, a long neglected story is very important. That starts the conversation in the mainstream media and leads to more in depth discussions around subjects dear to your and my heart. At least that is the way I see it. Maybe it is more hope then substance, but it is a strategic opening. Don't look that NYTs gift horse in the mouth. :)
41. Now the WSJ takes up the NYTs theme from the 27th...
Banks Sweat as Tax Net Tightens
New Rules Target U.S. Citizens With Accounts Abroad and Noncitizens With Deposits at U.S. Banks
Like I have been hoping, this subject is now creeping into the mainstream, and not just discussed on specialized blogs like here...
Also, this has been the first report in the Mainstream about IRS attempts to create a DATCA or Domestic equivalent of FATCA unilaterally without Congress passing any statutes...
See this comment from the WSJ...
"U.S. banks, meanwhile, are trying to quash a proposed regulation that would require them to report interest income earned by non-U.S. residents to the Internal Revenue Service, which could then pass the information to their home countries.
Banks in Florida, Texas and California say the effort could drain the coffers of banks that rely heavily on foreign deposits."
"This is just a bad, bad idea," says Alex Sanchez, president and chief executive of the Florida Bankers Association. He estimates that Florida banks hold about $80 billion of deposits from non-U.S. residents, representing about 20% of the state's deposits. An IRS spokesman declined to comment.
Across the U.S., banks held roughly $2 trillion in deposits from foreign companies and individuals as of June 30, according to the Treasury Department. The agency doesn't provide figures on individuals' aggregate holdings.
"It's a little bit hard for the U.S., which has been at the forefront of the transparency battle, to have this kind of resistance to these regulations, which should not be a problem for people who are properly reporting their tax information," Ms. Corwin said."
Maybe more reporters will now be reading the letter the letter to Geithner by Congressman Charles Boustany, Jr., MD Chairman Subcommittee on Oversight on September 27th. Wonder what reply he got?? It is a real irony that Congress is against reporting requirements for US banks after it has imposed huge costs and requirements on all the Worlds Foreign financial Institutions (via the Hire Act) for them to meet the compliance objectives of FATCA. Hummm.
42. Another story on Reuters for you Canadians...
Ottawa awaits U.S. accommodation on tax law
OTTAWA (Reuters) - U.S. Treasury officials are working on a proposal that would make it less onerous for Canadian banks to comply with a new U.S. tax law, Canada's Finance Minister Jim Flaherty said on Wednesday.
43. Oops... That Reuter's article I just posted was a bit old. As we know, there is really no Canadian special relief yet. Sorry. I see it was written Dec 7th, and I thought it said Dec 27th. Will have to put my glasses on for closer inspection before I assume. :)
44. Are Canadian Tax Free Savings Accounts trusts or, as the name says, savings accounts? I submitted my 2011 OVDI application calling the TSFA a savings account, but now hear there is debate about this issue. If they are trusts what should I do if I did not include IRS form 3520 in my OVDI application? I still have the TSFA and will likely file 3520 as part of my 2011 US income tax forms, but what about earlier years? When will this nonsense / confusion end?
45. To Anon...December 30, 2011 1:29 PM
"When will this nonsense / confusion end?"
I know that is a rhetorical question, that really does not have an answer. But…until there is enough public knowledge (media stories), [pressure for Congressional action with changes in citizenship taxation legislation, repeals of FATCA laws, changes in FBAR statutes plus a change in leadership and direction at the IRS, I am somewhat pessimistic that it will ever end. There is nothing about the current political process that gives me much hope either. Maybe I am being a "glass half empty" guy, but given the technological advances which being ever more surveillance, the connecting of more and more data bases with the information sharing that results, the new IRS John Doe summons fishing for more and more data on you, the ever eroding loss of privacy and interconnected nature of our financial world, it is hard to see us doing other than just rolling merrily along down the current path to something not so pleasant to contemplate.
Sorry I don't have the answer to your Canadian Tax Free Savings Account questions. There are lots of Canadians that read JATs blog, so maybe they will come back with an answer.
While you wait, in the archives back on September 26th there is a blog thread on RRSPs. Maybe there is an answer there for you…
Or, there is a new blog by Canadians and someone there might know the answer for you.
46. To - Anon, Dec 30: 1:29 PM
I tend to agree with Just Me - to end this confusion and related non- sense, we need to raise awareness in the media, put pressure on our elected leaders and highlight the discrimination between treatment by IRS of folks holding foreign accounts vs those living in US and holding local bank accounts. I entered OVDI to clean by a small mess - less than $4K in back taxes for 4 years. If I was living in the US, all I needed to do was file an amendment, and that's it. The vey fact that now I reside overseas, the only way for me to correct this is through the OVDI process and pay in- lieu penalty : no other option, plus hire legal and accounting help to guide me through this.
IRS needs to have some threshold criteria for folks like us (who are not tax evaders) to decide if we need an OVDI mechanism to fix our mistakes, or some other reasonable process. I read a lot that IRS now is open to "reasonable cause" arguments with respect to FBAR's etc - why not start with giving law abiding citizens an alternate route than this OVDI mess?
47. At last a well known author and blogger, James Fallows of the Atlantic, with lots of cred in the progressive community, is writing about FATCA.
This hopefully will get attention in a more bipartisan way, as it is now not just a conservative or libertarian issue. It is an issue that can and will affect all Americans not just those of a particular political persuasion.
I know I have been a bit of a pest to James on this subject for months, but I have been beseeching to look into FATCA and current IRS actions and perhaps comment on it, as so few in the MSM have given it any attention. I thought that the recent stories from the NYTs and the WSJ would provide the opening. NPR has been totally silent on the subject, which was a big disappointment to me. James is a regular commentator on NPR, All Things Considered on Saturdays. I had to think that if he would look into the subject, and find the that the story had relevance, his giving voice to it might help move the conversation along. I had no idea that he would make it his New Year's eve story on his Atlantic blog. It has taken him a while to get his brain around the subject, as we know it is complicated story for Americans to understand, but I knew, with him living overseas as much as he has, that this would start to resonant eventually.
Enjoy this New Years gift.
If you would like to comment to James, his email is...
48. Just Me: read James article - a great beginning for raising awareness on FACTA, and sounds like James plans to write a series of articles on this subject - way to go.
Appreciate your efforts in bringing so much momentum to this important issue. We also need to draw James attention to the OVDI mess, especially for small value cases and unintended consequences on ordinary citizens. The design of the program and collateral damage it is creating ( for small foot faults) is very detrimental to American families and The American Dream ( in- lieu penalties).
One real issue is the discrimination and penalties associated with
making honest mistakes in tax reporting (which can happen to anyone), for expats vs residents. This disparate treatment based on one's location is violation of our fundamental rights.
49. I'd also like to know, does anyone have any input on whether Canadian Tax Free Savings Accounts are trusts or savings accounts in the eyes of the IRS?
50. Dear Canadians... It isn't with much pleasure, that I note that others are saying what I have been thinking. IRS not Santa Claus. Hopes are being dashed for US tax reprieve.
"Public remarks from the U.S. ambassador to Canada at the beginning of December seemed to hint that U.S. citizens living here might get a special tax exception. This would apply to Canadians who were unaware of their U.S. tax filing obligations and followed a letter sent by our federal government, asking for reasonable treatment."..............
"unfortunately, it (the IRS) did not announce any special programs or amnesty. Rather, it simply reiterated the existing policies for people who are behind on filing their U.S. taxes."
51. AB,
I just posted this about James Fallows at another thread on Jack's blog, and if he will be indulgent, I think I will post here again, just in case you do not see it...
James Fallows has now posted a trilogy, called the FATCA Chronicles dealing with the US citizenship taxation model, Fatca, FBAR, etc. Here is the link to all of them in order of posting... I am very appreciative for the outlet his column has provided.
Fatca - The Menace You'll Hear About in 2012
The Fatca Menace!
The Fatca Chronicles: Tales From China, Canada, and Estonia
It has taken a while to get a person in the public opinion forum interested in the subject, but James has sunk his teeth in for the new year. Now the conservation and the debate has started, we need to keep it going to assist with the education of normal Americans, and attempt to keep it non partisan, in my opinion. I know James trilogy is narrowly defined toward the Expat perspective, but there is nothing but fear stopping Immigrants from making their voices heard too. Email James about the OVDI too, if you like. Maybe he will provide an outlet there also. You never know, and you never get anywhere unless you try.
52. New story just posted tonight at WSJ, January 3rd by
Washington's Assault on American Expats
The subtitle is slightly wrong and should read...
“The U.S. is the only developed nation in the world that taxes its citizens who live abroad.”
But,otherwise, it is an excellent piece that sheds light on the Expat experience related to taxation and IRS reporting requirements. If you would care to email the author, his email address is...
53. Just Me:
thanks for posting, I read through James trilogy and also Bill's article is WSJ. I am not sure if readers of this blog have read through the comments posted under Bill's article, they are already two pages long and many expats are posting their stories. I think it is an excellent way to provide visibility to what's happening with the expat community and the IRS mess called OVDI. I plan to post my story and others who are participating in OVDI to clean up small foot faults can decide for themselves. I want to highlight that just because I am based overseas now ( at the request of my American employer) the only way for me to fix small errors is through the OVDI process - no other right way. And, the cost of doing this enormous, vs the tax and related penalties and interest. This is IRS lunacy and needs to be fixed. They should be able go screen out the real tax cheats from folks like us, who made some honest mistakes and will be paying a high price for doing the right thing.
Also, really appreciate your efforts in giving this item public forum - the momentum from here on will only get stronger. Bill has done a great job with his article.
54. AB,
I agree with you on the WSJ piece by Bill. There were some real good comments there, and I especially understood the one by Patrick Hale
The cost of having an American Expat working for your Corporation overseas has just become unbearable and non competitive, so why would you bother? Such sad bad policy for America! Sometimes it seems hopeless that reason will ever prevail in Congress or the IRS. There is plainly no strategic vision or understanding of the burdens placed on businesses or individuals, Cost plus LCUs = a great loss to America.
The comment by the Congressional Staffer to James Fallows FATCA trilogy just made me sick to my stomach at how little they understand. With mentalities like that, you just want to throw up your hands in frustration, as if, "oh we made an exception for that" is the answer to every bad act coming out of congress. Or statements like "very few people actually have more than $50K" or "can afford the small extra burden imposed...." or "My knowledge of the issue is largely the result of constituents coming to our office." I will refrain from impolite adjectives for this type of rationale and thinking which is so easily debunked. Basically he doesn't have a clue, in my opinion. Actually I am glad that Fallows allowed him the forum, as I think is strengthens the merits of the arguments against the unintended assault on Expats. Wonder what that staffer would have meaningful to say to Patrick Hale's comments on the WSJ. Nothing!
55. Just Me,
The congressional aides that I have seen are bunch of kids, so no wonder 50K is a big deal for them, plus they do not understand what it means to live overseas would require - including owning bank accounts and assets. So, this only shows their level of depth and the sad part is, our congressmen are relying on these folks to write up laws. They don't seem to either review or contemplate the ramifications of these laws written by these young kids. This is the state of union.
Patrick Hale has written very factual comments and are worth a read. The comment section now is 4 pages long, yesterday it was two.
We all need to continue to provide visibility to this and the OVDI mess, particularly in an election year.
56. A "bunch of kids" ruling the world of OVDI. Good one, made my day. Now I understand the substance of American Democracy. Love the American public but the government, no offense to anyone.
57. Dear Immigrant...
Not that it matters now, especially if you are in the OVDI, but maybe you would be interested in how a progressive and reasonable country just north of the border conducts it's VDPs..
I quote from the first paragraph...
"The Voluntary Disclosures Program (VDP) allows taxpayers to come forward and correct inaccurate or incomplete information or to disclose information they have not reported during previous dealings with the CRA, without penalty or prosecution."
What a novel idea... "without penalty or prosecution." "Come clean, pay up, and we treat you well." No gotcha FBAR penalties apply!
Sorry to make you feel bad, and hope this did not ruin your day, but bet you wished you had gone to Canada instead of the US of A.
58. Great point Just Me:
Its funny but I read an interview with Alan Greenspan(by no measure my hero) but he stated that one of the things America needed in the future in order to maintain the competative edge in the world was to attract highly talented, trained and educated immigrants into the workforce. I would think that after these initiatives and the new regulations being put in place, these types of people will go elsewhere.
Surely if aware of the events over the last 3 or four years along with all the complex regulations: FBAR, FATCA, Tax Code, Exit Tax and etc., they will choose a different country.
59. Dear Just Me,
I dumped CRA for IRS -:) and now in OVDI. How stupid I could have been ?
Just an update, I got a note from my agent requesting all bank records. It is about 10lb documents (small font and double side). I spent 3 weeks to go through -:).
I want to give IRS the credit for being due diligence as my peak balance is less than 70K (far much less than 500K which OVDI wants all bank records).
It seems to me that OVDI is not just after taxpayers' money. How much could they get to go through 10 lb documents with most penny transaction ? They want to do it right as most of us who are in OVDI.
60. Just me,
I think you are reading my thoughts. After being 6 years in USA I have serious regrets for choosing USA. It is not only about OVDI and FBAR, which is by far the most ridiculous law out there. You have to see the reaction of my family when I told them about this. They thought that was out of my mind...
The immigration laws, the racism, greed and discrimination present in the American society as well as basic disrespect for human rights and family values makes me sad.
61. IJ - congrats on getting an agent assigned. Hopefully you will reach a resolution shortly either in the program or outside it. Is there any update on RRSP or how the agent intends to treat it?
62. ij,
are your bank statements in English? did u get them translated?
63. "Is there any update on RRSP or how the agent intends to treat it?"
I do not know how RRSP will be treated. My impression is that they will grant 9100 relief -- so deferral tax will be granted. I am not so sure they will not impose 25% penalty.
I do not see my case will be closed anytime soon as they will have to read over 300 pages of bank documents.
By the way, the agent seems very friendly... and once you have an agent assigned, you can call him directly so it will save a lot time..
64. "are your bank statements in English? did u get them translated?"
I sent them all in original -- so there won't be "lost in translation".
65. ij, is this the call/letter from the IRS Seattle office you mentioned earlier ?
66. "ij, is this the call/letter from the IRS Seattle office you mentioned earlier ?"
Yes, it is Seattle IRS international/big business div.
67. IJ - so the agent assigned to you is not in Austin? I was under the impression that all OVDI cases are processed in Austin. What a circus if you have to first send all the documents to Austin and then they send them to Seattle - great way to keep the US Postal Service going.
Good points, besides bank records, my agent also wanted me to send original return 1040, and amended return 1040X for these years --which I had sent already in my ovdi package. I am wondering if USPS is doing a good job for not losing my papers -- I have lost three times of bank order checks (domestic banks in US), so this might be a problem. I am in contact with my agent trying to understand what are missing in my files.
69. "IJ - so the agent assigned to you is not in Austin? I was under the impression that all OVDI cases are processed in Austin."
I am not sure if I have been single out for further examination ? like being audited while most other are processed in Austin ?
I do not have problem with that, but it certainly will take longer time to have it closed.
70. ij,
do you live in seattle area?
71. ij, we pray you get your closure soon, so you can
move on in life. We sent in august 2011 so have to wait...
72. "do you live in seattle area? "
No, I don't and have never been close enough to the area. I think it is because international division is there.
Most ovdi participants may not get such a treatment, and some may get a closure out of blue. Mine might have been single out for through review..
I appreciate the fact that IRS treats me like a VIP (a fat cat).
73. ij,
are you saying you have been "kicked out" of the OVDI and were put into an audit process or just a closer examination inside OVDI?
74. ij...
It appears to me that they are processing you just like they did me in the OVDP. So guess we were both VIP fat cats! I too had to produce about 10 lbs of bank records with all the transaction minutia. They also wanted copies of all the 1040s and 1040x that they should already have. They wanted copies of my FBARs, AGAIN! Of course they should have them, but never mind, you produce them again just to make them happy!
It also took me about 3 weeks to produce everything and cost me $83 to express mail it, and no, that is not tax deductable! :) If you are lucky, once they see the pile of paper they will never look at it, and just take your word for what you say your high aggregates balances are. I had produced that as a separate spread sheet, and I don't think my agent ever reconciled it to my bank records.
I think they like putting you through the production effort because they can, not because they will use it for anything meaningful. Maybe if you “Opt Out”, and they decide to do a full blown examination, your bank records will actually be scrutinized. However, I bet they do few audits in the Minnow Opt Outs. You have to think they are coming to realize that they are wasting their time that could be better spent on Whales. But then again, I don’t know that this prehistoric bureaucracy is capable of evolved learning!
Regarding the Examiners that are processing these OVDIs: Yes, they can be very nice, and polite, and even sympathetic, but remember their hands are tied. No discretion allowed by their Technical Adviser. However, if you are to consider an "Opt Out", they will be the one recommending their findings and disposition to the management committee, so it is important to maintain a good relationship. Keep your frustration from becoming personal with them. Consider this one long job interview, so show your very best side and build a positive relationship. Anger will not serve you well now.
I don't know your personal facts, but if appropriate, now is the time to begin building your story as to why you are non willful with your FBARs, and/or why you have reasonable cause that all of this BS should not apply to you. I would constantly put everything in writing, and keep records of every contact and every phone conversation. Don’t be intimidated. I would look back at Moby’s comments about why he is opting out, and consider what he has said.
As for being assigned to an office in Seattle, that is not surprising to me, as I think they are assigning them to offices all over the country. I was assigned to Phoenix, so there is nothing special about Austin for audit work.
Finally, as for your transition from CRA to IRS to FBAR to OVDI and now FATCA; yes, it is unfortunate, but I can't call you stupid without pointing a stupid finger at myself too. How could we know that America would degenerate to this? The consequence is that now, unfortunately, I actively discourage all Kiwis, POMs and Auzzies I meet from ever considering immigration to America. Congratulations Mr Shulman. Great marketing campaign for American you have created! Even this past weekend, I strongly suggested to a young lady that she not marry a Yank! It eventually will pull her into a "US Person" category when they intertwine their financial lives. FATCA is going to add complications to their life together even if she never ever goes to America. But love is blind to tax consequences, so I am sure my warning will go unheeded.
Hang in there. You will get through all this crap eventually! Best of luck.
75. To Anonymous January 5, 2012 12:18 PM
It to makes me sad to read your comments, and I have a lot of empathy for what you say. America has lost the plot I fear, and there is nothing in the current political process or parties that encourages me that there will be a reversal of trend. We are going down a big IRS totalitarian rate hole, I fear. Maybe that is hyperbole, but here is how CNBC just characterized it today... Yuk! They are doing the IRS fear stoking work for them!
Will Your Offshore Accounts Land You in Jail
76. Anon123: "Surely if aware of the events over the last 3 or four years along with all the complex regulations: FBAR, FATCA, Tax Code, Exit Tax and etc., they [immigrants] will choose a different country."
I certainly did.
I hold two advanced engineering degrees and have more than twenty years experience in my field. Three years ago, after over ten years as a US permanent resident, I moved myself and my family out of the US in direct response to HEART and the exit tax, which threatened over $100k in additional unrecoverable tax on my retirement savings.
I still do the same job as I did while in the US, just based outside the US and no longer a green card holder. I pay about the same tax annually as I did when in the US, but now to a different (and more appreciative) country. The cumulative tax lost by the US already dwarfs the amount it tried (and failed) to extract with the "exit tax", and grows larger with each year that passes.
77. Jack,
Is it advisable to directly call the Austin centre for details on processing status. I remember seeing a phone number here on this blog but I am not sure where it is now.
Can someone provide me that number please.
Thank you
78. Just Me,
Thanks for your detail of your process. I will keep my cool to the end.
I will call my agent on other request such as f1040/f1040X. I will provide whatever is missing -- but I am sure they should have them as I sent them with my check (cashed). The lost documents could only happen between the Service local offices. Some might have been locked up in Austin office.
To Anon, I do not think I have been kicked out from OVDI, but they may just want to spend more time on my files. In a way, it makes feel the penalty money well spent.
79. To Annon January 6, 2012 4:11 AM
You are a prime example of exactly what I have feared. Often, and in a lot of the press we have gotten recently, the story is being told from an Expat perspective, but the Immigrant community has no advocacy organization like ACA, and so, ultimately they just vote with their feet by walking down a jetway. What a sad loss for America both economically, and from a negative marketing perspective. A customer lost to a business who is angry and goes away mad, repeats his story continually and does untold damage to the brand. America has set it self up for a lot of unhappy VD customers, and so has a very negative marketing campaign operating, and doesn't even know it, or worse yet, doesn't really seem to care. The American Brand of fairness and justice for all is being seriously eroded by its own actions. The FBAR, OVDP, FATCA are roads to hell paved with good intention. After my trip, I understand someone not wanting to venture down those highways.
You have to pay taxes somewhere, and this is not about avoidance as much as a feeling that you are being dealt with in a fair and reasonable manner, and not put through hell or feel extorted just to be compliant.
All the best to you. It is sad for me to say, but I think you did the right thing for your HEART and your family.
80. ij, was your balance close to 75 K (minus RRSP) ? They may be looking more closely at accounts just below 75K (say 70-73k).
Also, were you asked for domestic info also, or only for foreign accounts ?
Also, were you asked for domestic info also, or only for foreign accounts ?"
Without RRSP, my peak balance is 68K. With RRSP it would be 118K. I don't think they should put my RRSP in the same category of non-RRSP which I did have some tax implication even after foreign tax credit.
I have some transaction between accounts, so duplicates were removed in calculation of base penalty. My bank documents can establish that transactions (same amount out from one account, then same amount into another account). I guess this might be the reason they want to check.
They only ask me foreign, as matter of fact, anything that are reflected in f1040X. For this reason, I did not even bother to send them my RRSP documents.
82. Hello. I too have been waiting for a response re. Canadian Tax Free Savings Accounts. Are they trusts or savings accounts in the eye of the IRS / US Tax system? Confused.
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Introduction {#s1}
============
Enterotoxigenic *E. coli* (ETEC) is one of the most common causes of acute watery diarrhoea in the developing world, both among children and adults, causing up to 400 million diarrhoeal episodes and approximately 380.000 deaths in children under the age of five every year. In addition, ETEC causes approximately 400 million diarrhoeal cases among adults. ETEC is also the most common cause of travellerś diarrhoea in these countries [@pone.0035827-WHO1]--[@pone.0035827-Qadri1]. ETEC is endemic in many countries such as Bangladesh where the infection follows a distinct biannual seasonal pattern with one peak during the hot and dry months of April and May, and a second peak in September and October when the heavy monsoon rains have subsided [@pone.0035827-Qadri2].
ETEC infection is acquired by ingestion of contaminated food or water, and the infection is established when the bacteria reach the small intestine. Diarrhoea is caused by the actions of one or two enterotoxins, the heat-stable (ST) and/or the heat-labile (LT) toxin, which bind to receptors on the epithelial surface, thereby activating signalling pathways that stimulate the opening of ion channels [@pone.0035827-Sanchez1], [@pone.0035827-Qadri1], [@pone.0035827-Nataro1] and subsequent release of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen. Colonization of the small intestine is mediated by colonization factors (CFs), which are fimbrial, fibrillar or afimbrial structures on the bacterial surface that adhere to the enterocytes. At present at least 25 different CFs have been identified [@pone.0035827-Grewal1]--[@pone.0035827-Qadri3]. Two of the most common CFs expressed by clinical isolates from different parts of the world are the coli surface antigens 5 (CS5) and 6 (CS6) [@pone.0035827-Qadri1], [@pone.0035827-Gaastra1], [@pone.0035827-Shaheen1]--[@pone.0035827-Qadri5]. CS5 and CS6 belong to the colonization factor antigen group IV (CFA/IV) which also contains coli surface antigen 4 (CS4). CS5 is always expressed together with CS6, while CS6 can also be expressed alone or together with CS4 [@pone.0035827-Gaastra1], [@pone.0035827-Wolf1]. CS5 is a fibrillar antigen, and its operon encodes a major subunit (*csfA*), a minor subunit (*csfD*), an outer membrane usher (*csfC*), two chaperones (*csfB* and *csfF*), and a protein involved in pilus length regulation (*csfE*) [@pone.0035827-Duthy1]. CS6 is afimbrial and is composed of two structural subunits, CssA and CssB, located on the bacterial cell membrane. The CS6 operon contains four genes, *cssA*, *cssB*, *cssC*, and *cssD*, encoding the two structural subunits CssA and CssB, a chaperone (CssC), and an usher (CssD), respectively [@pone.0035827-Wolf2]. The current knowledge about the regulation of CS5 and CS6 is limited, and the present study was conducted in order to increase the understanding of the regulation of these important virulence factors in the human gut, with an emphasis on CS5.
When bacteria enter and colonize the gastrointestinal tract they encounter a variety of host environmental factors that may influence virulence gene expression, e.g. bile and sodium bicarbonate, which have previously been shown to regulate expression of virulence factors in other enteropathogens [@pone.0035827-Gupta1]--[@pone.0035827-Hung1]. NaHCO~3~ is secreted from the pancreas into the duodenum, and is also released from the CFTR channels which results in an increase in pH. Bile has detergenic properties and acts as an emulsifier of dietary fats and lipids *in vivo* [@pone.0035827-Hofmann1] and plays a role in antimicrobial defence [@pone.0035827-Begley1]. It is produced by the liver and contains many components including bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and biliverdin [@pone.0035827-Begley1]. Primary bile acids are produced directly from cholesterol in the liver by the hepatocytes, and secondary bile acids are produced by bacteria in the caecum and colon by modifications of the primary bile acids. Primary and secondary bile acids are modified by the hepatocytes by conjugation with either glycine (glyco-conjugated bile acids) or taurine (tauro-conjugated bile acids) [@pone.0035827-Hofmann1], [@pone.0035827-Begley1]. Bile salts are secreted into the duodenum at estimated concentrations of 0.2--2% [@pone.0035827-Barrett1].
In this study we investigated the expression of CS5 and CS6 in ETEC bacteria isolated without sub-culturing from clinical stool samples (*in vivo*). The effects of sodium bicarbonate and bile on the expression of CS5 were investigated in *in vitro* cultured bacteria. A certain component of bile, sodium glycocholate hydrate, was identified as a potent inducer of CS5 expression. To our knowledge this is the first report that implicates this molecule as an inducer of enteropathogenic bacterial virulence.
Results {#s2}
=======
CS5+CS6, LT+ST ETEC Strains Isolated from Bangladeshi Stool Specimens {#s2a}
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Four clinical ETEC strains from stool specimens collected in 2005 and 2006 from adult patients with acute diarrhoea at the icddr,b hospital in Dhaka were included in the study ([Table 1](#pone-0035827-t001){ref-type="table"}). An LT+STh, CS5+CS6 laboratory reference strain (E3003; sometimes referred to as VM 75689 in other studies), originally isolated in Dhaka in 1988, was also included. A total of 127 clinical stool specimens were collected in 2005 between April and June during the ETEC peak season. Out of a total of 34 identified ETEC positive stool specimens, five contained a CS5+CS6 positive strain that expressed both the ST and the LT toxin. Strains E1777, E1779, and E1785 were chosen for subsequent studies. A co-infecting pathogen was only detected for the patient infected with strain E1779, who had a co-infection with *V. cholerae* Ogawa.
10.1371/journal.pone.0035827.t001
###### Strains used in the study and results from culturing[a](#nt101){ref-type="table-fn"} of clinical stool specimens.
{#pone-0035827-t001-1}
ETECstrain[b](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"}: Culture onMacConkeyagar *^c^* Culture onTTGA agar CF and toxin profileof isolated ETEC strain Year ofisolationin Dhaka
--------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- --------------------- --------------------------------------------- --------------------------
**E1777** *E. coli* negative CS5+CS6, STh+LT April 2005
**E1779** *E. coli* *V.cholerae* Ogawa CS5+CS6, STh+LT May 2005
**E1785** *E. coli* negative CS5+CS6, STh+LT June 2005
**E2265** *E. coli* negative CS5+CS6, STh+LT March 2006
**E3003** ***^c^*** *E. coli* N.T. CS5+CS6, STh+LT 1988
Culture was performed on MacConkey agar plates to detect *E. coli* and on Taurocholate-tellurite-gelatin agar (TTGA) for detection of vibrios; all cultures were performed overnight at 37°C.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, enterotoxigenic *Escherichia coli* (ETEC) strain collection number.
Immune Responses Against the CS5 and CS6 ETEC Strains {#s2b}
-----------------------------------------------------
ELISA analyses of serum samples from the three patients from whom the CS5+CS6 positive strains E1777, E1779, and E1785 had been isolated showed that on day 7 (early convalescence) the patients infected with E1777 and E1785 had developed strong IgG as well as IgA immune responses against CS5, whereas the patient infected with strain E1779, who had a co-infection with *V. cholerae* Ogawa, had developed only a very modest immune response (IgA and IgG) against CS5 ([Fig. 1](#pone-0035827-g001){ref-type="fig"}). The patient infected with strain E1785 also developed a strong immune response (IgA and IgG) against CS6, whereas those infected with strains E1777 and E1779 exhibited modest immune responses ([Fig 1](#pone-0035827-g001){ref-type="fig"}). These results confirm that CS5 and CS6 were indeed expressed and exposed on the bacteria during the infection. The IgA responses induced against CS6 were comparable to those previously reported for Bangladeshi adults infected with CS5+CS6 ETEC strains [@pone.0035827-Qadri6].
{#pone-0035827-g001}
Transcription of the CS5 and CS6 Operons *in vivo* {#s2c}
--------------------------------------------------
The transcription levels of the CS5 and CS6 operons in *in vivo* bacterial samples was analyzed by extracting total RNA directly from diarrhoeal stool bacteria and measuring the transcription levels of the structural genes *csfD* and *cssB* of CS5 and CS6, respectively, by quantitative real time reverse transcriptase PCR (rt RT-PCR). Since the *E. coli* bacterial load in the diarrhoeal stool specimens was unknown, and since there are no reliable *E. coli* housekeeping genes for relative quantification, the relative ratio of the transcription levels of *csfD* and *cssB* was determined and compared instead of analyzing the transcription level of each individual gene in relation to a housekeeping gene or a fixed amount of RNA ([Fig. 2](#pone-0035827-g002){ref-type="fig"}). Transcription of the *E. coli* housekeeping gene *gapA* was detected in all samples, concluding that intact *E. coli* mRNA was present in all *in vivo* bacterial samples. Transcription of *csfD* and *cssB* was observed in the three *in vivo* bacterial samples in which ETEC was the only detected bacterial pathogen, *i.e.* those containing strains E1777, E1785 and E2265 ([Table 1](#pone-0035827-t001){ref-type="table"}). The sample that contained *V. cholerae* in addition to ETEC, i.e. strain E1779, was negative for transcription of both *csfD* and *cssB*; since transcription of *gapA* was present, this was not due to the deterioration of RNA but indicative of low levels of ETEC bacteria in this particular stool sample.
{#pone-0035827-g002}
Bile, but not Sodium Bicarbonate, Induces Phenotypic Expression of CS5 both under Nutrient-rich and Nutrient-poor Conditions {#s2d}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In order to investigate whether the expression of CS5 by ETEC bacteria *in vivo* may be regulated by the host environmental factors bile and NaHCO~3~, which are both abundant in the human intestine, the strains were analyzed by an inhibition ELISA after *in vitro* culture in the presence and absence of these factors. After overnight culture to stationary phase in LB medium (all five strains) as well as in M9 minimal medium supplemented with glucose, glycerol, or casamino acids as the primary carbon source (strains E1779 and E2265), CS5 was only detected on the bacterial surface when bile was present in the culture medium. Crude bile is routinely added to the culture medium (CFA medium) under standard diagnostic laboratory conditions in order to enable detection of phenotypic CS5, e.g. by dot-blot analysis [@pone.0035827-Sjling1]. Our results indicate that the presence of bile is required for phenotypic CS5 expression not only under nutrient-rich conditions, but also under nutrient-poor conditions. NaHCO~3~ was tested at concentrations 0.3% (35.7 mM) and 0.6% (71.4 mM), which fall within the concentration range previously reported to positively regulate the expression of virulence factors in other enteropathogenic bacteria, i.e. *Vibrio cholerae* and enterohemorrhagic *E. coli* (EHEC) [@pone.0035827-Abe1], [@pone.0035827-Abuaita1]. However, overnight culture to stationary phase in LB medium supplemented with NaHCO~3~ did not result in phenotypic expression of CS5 in any of the five strains included in the study, indicating that this host factor is not an inducer of CS5 expression.
Sodium Glycocholate Hydrate Induces Phenotypic Expression of CS5 {#s2e}
----------------------------------------------------------------
The induction of CS5 expression by crude bile was found not to be due to non-specific induction by the detergenic properties of bile, since overnight culture to stationary phase in LB supplemented with Triton X-100 (0.1% and 0.04%) did not result in phenotypic CS5 expression in any of the five strains included in the study. Approximately 50% of the organic compounds in bile are constituted by bile acids [@pone.0035827-Begley1]. To individually investigate the effects of some of the major bile salts in human bile on CS5 expression, strain E1777 was cultured to stationary phase in LB supplemented with the primary bile salts, i.e. sodium cholate hydrate (NaCH) and sodium chenodeoxycholate (NaCDC) [@pone.0035827-Begley1], respectively; the glyco- and tauro-conjugated salts of NaCH, i.e. sodium glycocholate hydrate (NaGCH) and taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate (TCA), respectively; and the secondary bile salt sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), which is derived from cholic acid by dehydroxylation [@pone.0035827-Begley1]. The individual bile salts were tested at final concentrations of 0.04% and 0.2% (NaCH), 0.04%, 0.1% and 0.2% (NaDC), 0.04%, 0.1% and 0.2% (TCA), 0.04% (NaCDC), and 0.04%, 0.1% and 0.2% (NaGCH). Expression of CS5 on the bacterial surface was induced by NaDC (results not shown), which is known to induce virulence in other enteropathogenic bacteria [@pone.0035827-Hung1], [@pone.0035827-Lunelli1]--[@pone.0035827-Torres1], as well as by the glycoconjugate NaGCH. The tauro-conjugated counterpart of NaGCH, TCA, and the corresponding unconjugated bile salt NaCH, did not induce phenotypic CS5 expression, irrespectively of the concentration used. The ability of NaGCH and the inability of NaCH and TCA to induce CS5 surface expression was confirmed for the clinical strains E1779, E1785, and E2265 as well as the reference strain E3003, using a concentration of 0.2% of each individual salt ([Fig. 3](#pone-0035827-g003){ref-type="fig"}).
{#pone-0035827-g003}
{#pone-0035827-g004}
Transcription of *csfD* is Induced by Bile and NaGCH *in vitro* {#s2f}
---------------------------------------------------------------
The novel discovery that NaGCH may act as an inducer of virulence was further investigated by studying the effects on transcription of the CS5 operon by NaGCH, TCA, and NaCH. As comparison, the effects of crude bile were also investigated. This was performed by quantification of the transcription of *csfD*, which encodes the CS5 minor structural subunit, in strains cultured to exponential growth phase in LB medium alone and in LB medium supplemented with 0.15% crude bile or 0.2% NaGCH, 0.2% NaCH or 0.2% TCA, respectively. The transcription of *csfD* was up-regulated approximately 100-fold after one hour of culture when LB was supplemented with 0.15% crude bile or 0.2% NaGCH as compared to after culture in LB alone ([Fig. 4](#pone-0035827-g004){ref-type="fig"}). The up-regulation of *csfD* transcription was significantly higher in LB medium supplemented with 0.15% crude bile or 0.2% NaGCH, respectively, than in LB medium supplemented with 0.2% NaCH or 0.2% TCA after one ([Fig. 4](#pone-0035827-g004){ref-type="fig"}), two and five hours of culture (data not shown). Transcription of the CS6 structural subunit gene *cssB* was up-regulated approximately 10-fold after the first hour of culture in LB medium supplemented with 0.15% crude bile or 0.2% NaGCH as compared to in LB medium alone ([Fig. 4](#pone-0035827-g004){ref-type="fig"}), and less than 10-fold up-regulated or even down-regulated after two and five hours of culture (not shown), indicating that the up-regulation of *csfD* in the presence of bile or NaGCH was specific for the CS5 operon and was not due to a general up-regulation of transcription.
The Induction of CS5 Expression by NaGCH is Dose-dependent {#s2g}
----------------------------------------------------------
Inhibition ELISA analyses of strain E1777 after overnight culture to stationary phase in LB supplemented with NaGCH to a final concentration of 0.4%, 0.2%, and 0.1%, respectively, revealed that the induction of phenotypic CS5 expression by NaGCH is dose-dependent ([Fig. 5](#pone-0035827-g005){ref-type="fig"}). Phenotypic expression of CS5 was also detected when a NaGCH concentration of 0.04% was tested, but a NaGCH concentration of 0.004% was not sufficient for induction of phenotypic CS5 expression (data not shown). The induction of CS5 expression by crude bile is shown as comparison in [Fig. 5](#pone-0035827-g005){ref-type="fig"}.
{#pone-0035827-g005}
The Ratio Between *csfD* and *cssB* Transcription Levels is Highest *in vivo* and in the Presence of Bile or NaGCH *in vitro* {#s2h}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*In vivo*, i.e. in bacteria obtained directly from the stool specimens without sub-culturing, the level of transcription of *csfD* was higher than *cssB*. The transcriptional ratios of *csfD* to *cssB* (*csfD*:*cssB*) were found to be 182∶1, 65∶1, and 76∶1 for the samples containing strains E1777, E1785, and E2265, respectively. Similar *csfD*:*cssB* ratios were observed *in vitro* after one and two hours of culture in LB medium supplemented with 0.15% crude bile or 0.2% NaGCH ([Fig. 2](#pone-0035827-g002){ref-type="fig"}). On the other hand, culture in LB medium alone or supplemented with 0.2% TCA or 0.2% NaCH did not result in a similar ratio between *csfD* and *cssB* transcription. Furthermore, the relative levels of transcription of *csfD* and *cssB* in the presence of NaGCH was found to be dose-dependent, as determined for strain E1777; the obtained *csfD*:*cssB* ratios were 2∶1 after overnight culture to stationary phase in LB supplemented with 0.004% NaGCH, 75∶1 in 0.04% NaGCH, 151∶1 in 0.1%, 163∶1 in 0.2%, and 207∶1 in 0.4% NaGCH, which supports that NaGCH is a specific inducer of transcription of the CS5 operon.
Discussion {#s3}
==========
Diarrhoea caused by ETEC seems to require colonization of the human intestine by different colonization factors. In this study we have investigated the expression of the important ETEC colonization factors CS5 and CS6 *in vivo*, as well as the role of certain host factors in the human gastrointestinal tract as putative regulators of CS5. These analyses have shown that expression of CS5 is strongly enhanced *in vivo* as compared to CS6 and that a specific factor in the human intestine, i.e. the glyco-conjugated primary bile salt sodium glycocholate (NaGCH) can act as a positive regulator of CS5 expression. To our knowledge, this is the first description of induction of virulence by this bile component.
Relatively little has previously been known about the regulation of CS5, especially *in vivo*. Under standard laboratory conditions (overnight culture on CFA medium at 37°C), crude bile is routinely added to the culture medium in order to enable phenotypic expression of CS5 [@pone.0035827-Sjling1]. Our results show that bile induces expression of CS5 not only in nutrient-rich media, but also under nutrient-poor conditions where only amino acids, glycerol, or glucose constitute the carbon source. In this study we wanted to further investigate the dependency on bile for phenotypic CS5 expression to occur, and to elucidate how this induction comes about. The induction was first determined not to be due to non-specific effects of the detergent properties of bile, since addition of a detergent (Triton X-100) to the culture medium failed to induce phenotypic CS5 expression. Since bile salts form a major constituent of human bile [@pone.0035827-Begley1], we next decided to test some of the major bile salts in human bile for effects on CS5 expression. A number of enteric bacterial pathogens have previously been reported to switch on the expression of virulence factors in the presence of bile salts. For instance, in atypical enteropathogenic *Escherichia coli* (aEPEC), phenotypic expression of the major subunit of the afimbrial LDA adhesin has been reported to be enhanced by a mixture of sodium deoxycholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, and sodium chenodeoxycholate [@pone.0035827-Torres1]. In *Campylobacter jejuni*, sodium deoxycholate, sodium cholate and sodium chenodeoxycholate stimulate the production of *Campylobacter* invasion antigens (Cia), thus affecting the invasiveness of the bacteria [@pone.0035827-RiveraAmill1], and in *V. cholerae* sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate and sodium taurocholate have been found to induce phenotypic expression of the cholera toxin under certain *in vitro* conditions [@pone.0035827-Hung1]. In the case of ETEC, individual bile salts have not previously been investigated for their effects on the expression of the colonization factors. In this study we show that one of the bile salts previously known to induce the expression of virulence factors in *Campylobacter, Shigella*, *Salmonella*, and *V. cholerae*, sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), also induces the expression of CS5. More importantly, we were able to identify another positive regulator of the common CS5, the glyco-conjugated primary bile acid sodium glycocholate (NaGCH, or glycocholic acid in its acid form). To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to report that this bile acid can serve as an inducer of bacterial virulence. The crude bile extract (Oxoid) that is routinely used for diagnostic purposes for detection of CS5 is mainly composed of NaGCH and the sodium salt of the tauro-conjugated counterpart of NaGCH, sodium taurocholate (TCA), the latter of which we found is not able to induce expression of CS5. Since glycocholic and taurocholic acid have also been reported to be the main constituents of bile [@pone.0035827-Willson1], one may speculate that NaGCH is more important for CS5-mediated virulence than NaDC *in vivo*. Glycocholate is formed by the linking of a glycine amino group by an amide bond to the carboxyl group of the primary bile acid cholic acid [@pone.0035827-Begley1]. Considering that sodium cholate (NaCH) and TCA did not induce expression of CS5, this indicates that the glycine amino group in NaGCH is somehow a prerequisite for NaGCH to positively regulate virulence gene expression. Studies to further elucidate the role of the glycine group have been initiated, as well as to determine the molecular basis of the positive regulation of CS5 expression by NaGCH.
The induction of CS5 on the bacterial surface by NaGCH was coupled with a dose-dependent up-regulation of the ratio between *csfD* and *cssB* transcription levels, suggesting that regulation of CS5 expression at least partly occurs on the transcriptional level. Interestingly, NaGCH has previously been reported to activate certain promoters involved in *E. coli* stress responses [@pone.0035827-Merritt1]. While the CS5 operon itself does not encode a specific regulatory protein, the AraC/XylS-like transcription factor CsvR has been suggested to positively regulate CS5 transcription [@pone.0035827-deHaan1], [@pone.0035827-Gallegos1]. These, and other possible pathways of regulation of CS5 expression by NaGCH, are being explored further. In contrast to CS5, no positive regulator has yet been demonstrated for CS6 [@pone.0035827-Favre1]. The transcription of the CS6 operon was not up-regulated to the same extent by NaGCH as the transcription of the CS5 operon, suggesting that these two operons are under the control of different regulators.
In the *in vivo* bacterial samples (collected from diarrhoeal stool without sub-culturing), we found that the CS5 operon was transcribed at approximately 100-fold higher levels than the CS6 operon. Interestingly, these levels were similar to the levels of up-regulation which were observed *in vitro* after one and two hours of culture, when crude bile or NaGCH was added to the culture media. Taken together, these results suggest that the conditions encountered by ETEC bacteria in diarrhoeal stool are mimicked by the conditions prevailing after one hour of culture in LB medium supplemented by 0.2% NaGCH or 0.15% bile, at least when it comes to transcription of the CS5 and CS6 operons.
Transcription of *csfD* and *cssB* was detected in three of the four patients included in the study; the exception was a patient who had a co-infection with *V. cholerae*. This patient also exhibited a very modest immune response to CS5 and CS6. Hence, it is tempting to speculate about whether possible interactions between ETEC and a co-infecting enteropathogen such as *V. cholerae* may result in reduced expression of ETEC virulence genes, e.g. CS5. However, further studies are needed to explore this.
In the *in vivo* setting, bile salts are secreted into the duodenum at estimated concentrations of 0.2--2% [@pone.0035827-Barrett1]. In this study most individual bile salts were tested at a concentration of 0.2%, since a concentration of 0.15% crude bile is sufficient to induce expression of CS5. However, the concentration of individual bile salts *in vivo* is affected by the nutritional status of the host, e.g. the ingestion of a fatty meal will increase their concentration, and the concentration of bile in the intestinal lumen is lower in malnourished patients [@pone.0035827-Begley1]. The ratio of glyco-conjugated (e.g. NaGCH) to tauro-conjugated (e.g. TCA) bile acids has also been reported to vary. It has been reported to be 3∶1 in the normal case, but to be much lower (0.1∶1) in taurine-fed individuals. Foods that are rich in taurine include meat and sea-food, which will increase tauroconjugation [@pone.0035827-Begley1]. In the light of our findings, this suggests that the diet of an individual may influence the outcome of an infection with CS5 positive ETEC, since certain diets may decrease the ratio between glyco- and tauro-conjugates. One may speculate whether a diet lacking adequate levels of taurine, e.g. lacking in meat, which is a common occurrence in poor socioeconomic settings where ETEC infections are common, may further increase the severity of CS5 ETEC infections. The composition of bile also varies between different populations, eg. in rural African women the ratio of glyco- to tauro-conjugated bile acids may be as high as 9∶1 [@pone.0035827-Begley1].
Our results showed that the induction of CS5 is dose-dependent; a final concentration of sodium glycocholate of 0.004% was not enough to induce phenotypic expression, but a gradual increase in induction was observed when increasing the concentration of the salt from 0.04% to 0.4%. Bile is delivered from the gall bladder into the proximal part of the small intestine and sequentially decreases in concentration along the intestine due to re-absorption to the liver. In addition, the bile level is likely to differ between the intestinal lumen and the mucosal layer. Our findings suggest that CS5 ETEC bacteria are capable of fine-tuning the expression of CS5 according to the concentration and composition of bile, in order for optimal expression to occur at different sites and under varying nutritional conditions in the human intestine. CS5 is only expressed in ETEC strains that are also capable of expressing CS6 [@pone.0035827-Wolf3]. Unlike CS5, however, CS6 is not dependent on the presence of bile in order to be expressed *in vitro*, which suggests that expression of these two important colonization factors may be induced by different environmental niches within the host.
Another abundant host factor in the human small intestine, NaHCO~3~, was also tested but ruled out as a putative regulator of CS5. The concentration of NaHCO~3~ in the intestine is difficult to measure and exhibits great variability. The concentrations used by us, 35.7 mM and 71.4 mM, fall within the concentration range previously reported to positively regulate the virulence factors in other enteropathogens, i.e. *V. cholerae* and enterohemorrhagic *E. coli* (EHEC). Thus, 35.7 mM NaHCO~3~ has been found to upregulate CT and TCP in *V. cholerae* [@pone.0035827-Abe1], and 44 mM to induce the production of virulence factors in EHEC [@pone.0035827-Abuaita1].
In summary, we report the novel findings that the ETEC colonization factor CS5 is considerably more expressed *in vivo* than CS6 when co-expressed on the same bacteria and that the bile component sodium glycocholate, which is abundant in the human intestine, induces phenotypic expression of CS5 in a dose-dependent manner.
Materials and Methods {#s4}
=====================
Ethics Statement {#s4a}
----------------
This study was conducted according to the principles expressed in the declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Research Review Committee and the Ethical Review Committee of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) (protocol\# 2001-027). Ethical permission for the study was also obtained from the Regional Ethical Review Board, Gothenburg, Sweden (S199-03 and 088-10). Written informed consent was obtained from study participants prior to enrollment in the study and the collection of stool and blood specimens. No children were included in the study.
Collection of *in vivo* Bacterial Samples from Stools {#s4b}
-----------------------------------------------------
Watery diarrhoeal stool specimens were collected from adult patients with acute diarrhoea admitted to the hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Fresh stool specimens (10--50 ml) were placed on ice and brought from the hospital wards to the laboratory where bacteria present in the stool samples were immediately isolated essentially as previously described [@pone.0035827-Sjling2] with some modifications. The stool samples were filtered through sterilized gauze and centrifuged at 1000×g for 10 minutes in order to remove mucus and other large particles. The supernatant, containing the bacteria, was carefully removed and centrifuged at 16000×g for 10 minutes. The resulting bacterial pellet, *i.e.* the *in vivo* bacterial sample, was resuspended in 1 ml RNALater® (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), divided into two aliquots of 500 µl, stored at -70°C and shipped to Sweden for total RNA extraction and quantification of transcription.
Characterization of Stool Specimens and Clinical ETEC Isolates {#s4c}
--------------------------------------------------------------
Bacteriological analysis of the stool specimens was performed essentially as previously described [@pone.0035827-Qadri5]. Specimens were initially screened for *V. cholerae* by dark-field microscopy; negative specimens were further screened for presence of *E. coli-*like bacteria, and *V. cholerae*, *Shigella* spp, and *Salmonella* spp by standard methods [@pone.0035827-Qadri5], [@pone.0035827-WHO2]. Six lactose-fermenting *E. coli*-like colonies identified after culture on MacConkey medium were individually tested for ST and LT by ELISA assays and for the CFs CFA/I, CS1-8, CS12, CS14, CS17 and CS21 by dot-blot assays [@pone.0035827-Sjling1], [@pone.0035827-Svennerholm2], [@pone.0035827-Svennerholm3]. DNA from a pool of the six colonies was tested for the genes encoding LT, STh, and STp by PCR [@pone.0035827-Sjling1], [@pone.0035827-Blin1]. One representative ETEC colony from each ETEC positive stool specimen was grown to exponential phase in LB medium and stored at -70°C in LB supplemented with 20% glycerol; these strains were further used in the *in vitro* experiments.
Collection of Blood and Serum Specimens {#s4d}
---------------------------------------
Blood samples were collected from the patients at the acute stage of the infection, *i.e.* on day 2 or 3 of hospitalization, and during convalescence on days 7 (early convalescence) and 21 (late convalescence), and stored at -20°C until analyses.
*In vitro* Culture Conditions {#s4e}
-----------------------------
The ETEC isolates were cultured overnight on LB or blood agar plates at 37°C. Three or six colonies were picked and grown to exponential phase in LB (pH 7.5) at 37°C with aerated shaking (150 or 200 rpm) to reach exponential phase. This starting culture was inoculated into the media to be tested at a final concentration of 10^7^ or 10^8^ bacteria/ml, based on the absorbance at OD~600~, and cultured overnight at 37°C with shaking (150 rpm). Media tested were LB, CFA broth [@pone.0035827-Evans1], and defined minimal medium (M9). M9 medium was supplemented with either glucose (0.2% w/v), glycerol (0.2% w/v), or casamino acids (1% w/v) as the primary carbon source. When relevant, crude bile (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) was added to a final concentration of 0.15% w/v [@pone.0035827-Sjling1], or 0.015% (in the case of M9). LB medium was supplemented with Triton X-100 (Sigma, St Louis, MO), sodium bicarbonate (Sigma), or individual bile salts (Sigma), i.e. sodium cholate hydrate (NaCH), sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate (TCA), sodium chenodeoxycholate (NaCDC), and sodium glycocholate hydrate (NaGCH), respectively, at different concentrations as indicated.
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) {#s4f}
-----------------------------------------
The phenotypic expression of CS5 and CS6 on the bacterial surface was quantified by inhibition ELISA assays after overnight culture to stationary phase, essentially as described [@pone.0035827-Grewal2], with a starting concentration of 10^9^ or 10^10^ bacteria/ml.
Total RNA Extraction from *in vitro* Bacterial Cultures {#s4g}
-------------------------------------------------------
The pellet from one ml of bacterial culture was treated with lysozyme and RLT buffer (Qiagen) and stored at -70°C. Total RNA was prepared from a volume corresponding to 10^9^ lysed bacteria with the RNeasy^®^ Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), removing contaminating DNA on-column by using the RNase-Free DNase Set (Qiagen). Alternatively, approximately 10^9^ bacteria were spun down, treated with RNAProtect® (Qiagen) and stored at -70°C before total RNA extraction. The integrity of the RNA and absence of contaminating DNA was checked by agarose gel electrophoresis and the RNA concentration was measured spectrophotometrically using a NanoDrop^®^ ND-1000 (NanoDrop Technologies, Wilmington, DE). All RNA samples were stored at -70°C.
Total RNA Extraction from *in vivo* Bacterial Samples {#s4h}
-----------------------------------------------------
*In vivo* bacterial samples in RNALater were thawed on ice and spun down at 4°C. The pellet was treated with an appropriate volume of lysozyme and RLT buffer (Qiagen) before total RNA extraction using the RNeasy® Mini Kit (Qiagen). Contaminating DNA was removed by twice performing the on-column DNase treatment described above.
cDNA Synthesis {#s4i}
--------------
cDNA was synthesized from a maximum of 200 ng total RNA using the QuantiTect Reverse Transcription Kit (Qiagen), which includes an additional DNAse treatment step. Controls for DNA contamination without reverse transcriptase (-RT) were prepared simultaneously with the synthesized cDNA from the same amount of total RNA. cDNA and (-RT) controls were stored at -20°C.
Quantitative Real Time RT-PCR Assays {#s4j}
------------------------------------
The real-time RT-PCR assays were performed on an ABI 7500 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) using the double-stranded DNA-specific dye SYBR®Green I (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) as detector. Primers for the CS5 minor structural subunit gene *csfD* and the *E. coli* housekeeping gene *gapA* were designed using the Primer Express 2.0 software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). The primers for the CS6 structural subunit gene *cssB* have been described previously [@pone.0035827-Nicklasson1] ([Table 2](#pone-0035827-t002){ref-type="table"}).
10.1371/journal.pone.0035827.t002
###### Primers used for PCR and real-time Reverse Transcriptase PCR (rt RT-PCR).
{#pone-0035827-t002-2}
Gene Primers (5′→3′) Direction Product size
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------- ----------- --------------
*csfD* (CS5) [a](#nt103){ref-type="table-fn"} ACTTGGATATTGGTCGACTGCAA Forward 101 bp
ATTCTTTAAAACCTCTCCAGCGAAT Reverse
*cssB* (CS6) [b, c](#nt104){ref-type="table-fn"} CAGGAACTTCCGGAGTGGTA Forward 152 bp
CTGTGAATCCAGTTTCGGGT Reverse
*gapA* [d](#nt106){ref-type="table-fn"} CGTTGAAGTGAAAGACGGTCATC Forward 101 bp
CAACACCAACTTCGTCCCATTT Reverse
CS5 minor subunit**;** GenBank accession number [AJ224079]{.ul}.
CS6 structural subunit CssB; GenBank accession number [UO4846]{.ul}.
Primers described in [@pone.0035827-Nicklasson1].
*E. coli* D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH); GenBank accession number [U014639.1.]{.ul}
The transcription levels were determined by absolute quantification using a standard curve for each gene which was generated by ten-fold serial dilutions of a known amount of specific PCR product. These PCR products were generated by conventional PCR from DNA isolated from laboratory strains (E17018/A for *csfD*; E11881/14 for *cssB* and *gapA*), using the same primers as for real-time PCR. PCR products were purified by the QIAQuick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen) or the E.Z.N.A Cycle Pure Kit (Omega Bio-Tek, Inc., Norcross, GA), and their concentrations were carefully determined on a NanoDrop^®^ ND-1000 (NanoDrop). The number of PCR products per µl was calculated as previously described [@pone.0035827-Sjling2]. The PCR products were then diluted in Elution Buffer (Qiagen, Omega Bio-Tek) to give ten-fold dilution series from 5×10^7^ to 5 PCR products/µl.
All real-time PCR reactions were performed in 20 µl volumes containing 8 pmol of each specific primer, 10 µl Power SYBR®Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems), and 2 µl of template, using the default cycling settings with minor modifications as described in [@pone.0035827-Lothigius1]. Quantification was performed by using the default software settings for the threshold and baseline values (Applied Biosystems). The number of gene-specific transcripts per 20 ng of total RNA was calculated. cDNA samples and corresponding (--RT) controls were run in parallel. When the difference in C~t~ values between the sample and the (--RT) control was ≥ 3.0 or ≤ 6.6, the number of transcripts was adjusted accordingly. When the difference was \> 6.6 the (--RT) values were ignored since any contaminating DNA would account for less than 1% of the total product, but if the difference was \< 3.0 the amount of DNA contamination was considered too high and the results were discarded. Since we have previously found a detection limit of 2--3 copies per reaction for real-time PCR [@pone.0035827-Lothigius1] the detection limit in this study was set at 2 transcripts per reaction, and all results below 2 transcripts were considered as negative.
Measurement of Antibody Response in Serum {#s4k}
-----------------------------------------
Antibody titers of IgG and IgA isotypes against CS5 and CS6 were determined as described previously [@pone.0035827-Qadri6] using purified CS5 (1 µg/ml) and recombinant CS6 (0.3 µg/ml) as coating antigens.
Statistical Analyses {#s4l}
--------------------
Results were analyzed with the non-parametrical non-paired Mann-Whitney test using the GraphPad Prism version 4.00 for Windows (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA).
We are thankful to Dr. Yasmin Ara Begum and colleagues at the icddr,b for help with collection of clinical samples, and to Gudrun Wiklund for valuable technical assistance in Gothenburg.
**Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
**Funding:**This study was supported by the Swedish Agency for Research and Economic Cooperation (Sida-SAREC) and the Swedish International Development Agency (grants INT-ICDDR, B-HN-01-AV): [www.sida.se](http://www.sida.se); the Swedish Research Council (grant 16X-09084): [www.vr.se](http://www.vr.se); the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b): [www.icddrb.org](http://www.icddrb.org); the Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation: [www.wallenberg.com](http://www.wallenberg.com); and the Magnus Bergvall Foundation: [www.magnbergvallsstiftelse.nu/](http://www.magnbergvallsstiftelse.nu/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
[^1]: Conceived and designed the experiments: MN ÅS AMS. Performed the experiments: MN AvM. Analyzed the data: MN ÅS AvM AMS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ÅS FQ AMS. Wrote the paper: MN ÅS AMS.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'df525a7cf4fa7a5f53aa5588c8e8b76da789550e845ecf78df4d2516fae65646'} |
Recommended Setup For PiCrate
Download the latest JRuby release here. You could use wget (substituting latest version for for
cd /opt
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/jgem jgem /opt/jruby- 100
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/jirb jirb /opt/jruby- 100
sudo update-alternatives --config jruby
sudo update-alternatives --config jgem
sudo update-alternatives --config jirb
Set a local gem environment
It is preferable to store gems in your local environment, if you have not installed ruby before we recommend you do the following:-
1. Create local folders
mkdir -p ~/.gem/ruby/2.5.0
1. Set gem home/path in ~/.profile
echo "export GEM_HOME=\"\$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.5.0\"" >> ~/.profile
echo "export GEM_PATH=\"\$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.5.0\"" >> ~/.profile
This will set were gems get installed (unless you use rvm, which would be stupid to use on raspberrypi).
Add the ${GEM_PATH}/bin to PATH
echo "export PATH=\"\${PATH}:\${GEM_PATH}/bin\"" >> ~/.profile
You need to do this to use gem executables.
Installing/Updating jruby-launcher gem
First set the JAVA_HOME environmental variable, you can do this by editing the ~/.profile file:-
echo "export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk >> ~/.profile"
source ~/.profile # to use the edited ~/.profile in current shell
sudo jgem install jruby-launcher # NB: you do need sudo access here
Above assumes you are using java-8-openjdk on Buster, adjust for your setup. We do not currently recommend using java-11-openjdk, but if you are there is even more reason to install the jruby-launcher gem as it suppresses illegal-reflective access warning from JRuby (but not from the jogl jars) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '15', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.6818959712982178}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '10889', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QQXKT2EL6WLZTBTSGMNUWKDM5O7K2H54', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b6135787-f2b9-4b6e-8b2a-6f2e2f471e1b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 20, 7, 52, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.199.109.153', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Q4LRJ756QVP7LZGNEKY5EXCCIPUQFDM6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8edd4e52-e320-4e37-a04d-be7b9df03514>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://ruby-processing.github.io/jruby/raspberry', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:96bd9d00-1c09-4a9b-9662-8ffc86ab4946>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '207', 'url': 'http://ruby-processing.github.io/jruby/raspberry', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-188.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.020176231861114502', 'original_id': '2ad500bd970abd82710df0b57aa3bd684e4294f0af91e88c8caf5e8dfaa5e0d4'} |
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Movies you watched and loved as a child only to re-watch and hate as an adult
Discussion in 'Anything goes' started by Mizzougrad96, Mar 23, 2009.
1. Mizzougrad96
Mizzougrad96 Active Member
I love watching Disney classics with my kids. The Pixar movies and Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, Lion King and Little Mermaid are in pretty heavy rotation at my house and for the most part, they're all unbelievable films.
Lately, I've been trying to show them some of the classics. They loved Jungle Book, the animated 101 Dalmatians, Snow White, Peter Pan and Bambi.
Yesterday, we watched Pinocchio.
Other than 10 minutes at the beginning, holy shit does this movie suck. Nothing like I remembered it as a kid. My 3-year-old gave me a look as if to say, "What the fuck is this shit? Daddy, put The Incredibles back on."
I've noticed this with a couple other Disney classics. Dumbo does not hold up very well, but it's not terrible.
2. sportschick
sportschick Active Member
Does liking the Ewoks as a child, but hating them now count?
3. Ace
Ace Well-Known Member
I thought Pinocchio looked really good on the screen. I even saw a restored version in the theater 15 or so years ago.
I kind of like that story for some reason. I'm a sucker for Jiminy Cricket, I guess.
4. Bamadog
Bamadog Well-Known Member
I always hated the Ewoks. Fracking muppets. No way in hell could a tribe of primitive muppets take out "a legion of my best troops." My thought when I was kid was "If those were your best troops...."
E.T. doesn't work for me anymore. Neither does Gremlins. How can a bunch of little punk-rock green creatures cause
THAT much trouble? A few competent folks exercising their second amendment rights could've taken care of those things in a nice neat 30 minute episode. Watched it on TV and could only think "Phoebe Cates in a bikini would TOTALLY salvage this film."
5. alleyallen
alleyallen Guest
In a bikini while it's snowing? Which is more believable then? Gremlins or her in a two-piece romping in the snow? :D
6. mike311gd
mike311gd Active Member
Howard The Duck is complete trash. I felt robbed 20 years later.
7. Trouser_Buddah
Trouser_Buddah Active Member
The old cartoon version of "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe." I remember loving that as a kid, and before the live-action movie came out a few years ago I rented it. Sucktastic.
8. ServeItUp
ServeItUp Active Member
Stuff like this is part of why I don't plan on having kids. One, I'll have no reason to rent kids' movies. Two, I can remember how enthralled I was by those movies without disappointing myself now.
9. KevinmH9
KevinmH9 Active Member
Dumbo. I watched that movie countless time when I was a child, but I watched it again with my baby cousin was over visiting with her aunt for the afternoon. I'm sitting here thinking, "What is this garbage?"
10. Trey Beamon
Trey Beamon Active Member
Home Alone.
The movie was essentially a Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner cartoon without Acme Corporation products and painted-on tunnels. You'd think the bad guys would have been knocked unconscious somewhere along the way.
11. KevinmH9
KevinmH9 Active Member
Very, very true. A paint can upside the head would knock any man unconscious regardless of who it is. These guys were getting right back up as if they were just bitch-slapped rather than having been nailed with a paint can.
12. mike311gd
mike311gd Active Member
Oh, man. I forgot about that one. I hope it airs on HBO sometime. When An American Tail did, I almost wet myself.
Draft saved Draft deleted
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For his own pleasure, AM would often play completely unknown records to large crowds at the peak of the night. Sometimes, if I was there in the DJ booth, he would throw on an old school hip-hop classic that we both knew was completely unfamiliar to everyone in the club except him and I. These were the times that made knowing DJ AM so much fun.
Behind those wheels, working his magic, he had the world at his fingertips. It just felt good to bask in his presence and watch him work. He was the hardest working DJ in history, never allowing a record to just play, always cutting, mixing and blending to keep the energy flowing. Women would gather around the DJ booth, vying for his attention and begging for a picture. When he was in a relationship, he was always loyal to his girl and refused the easy temptation. But in his single moments, he did indulge in the company of select ladies that struck his fancy.
Sometimes after the gig we would grab a meal or retire to his suite and talk about music and life for hours. It became easy for him to transition from “superstar DJ” to “regular guy.” If he was around in the daytime, we would grab a matzoh ball soup from Canter’s Deli inside Treasure Island — his favorite — somehow connecting us to a long-standing tradition of Jewish entertainers.
Adam’s love for music was infectious, and he thrived on analyzing both new and classic music of many genres, figuring out what part of the song he would incorporate into his nightly musical collage. His mind was as quick as his wit, and we would challenge each other in a modern version of “Name That Tune” involving back-to-back laptops. He always beat me. Adam spoke to other DJs daily, both prominent and obscure, keeping the pulse of what was heating up and making them feel good with his respectful approach. For most of us, Adam was the most famous person we knew, and he seemed to thrive on keeping a humble face while impressing us with his newest triumphs. He enjoyed the company of his friends and hosted gatherings in his upscale screening room for True Blood.
Still strong in his sobriety, Adam would even tolerate mild substance use in his presence without feeling any urge to participate. When friends would ask if it was OK to light a joint, he would declare, “Of course, I want you to do it! I just want to smell it!” It was like he had an impenetrable suit of armor preventing him from ingesting any drug. Frequent calls to his therapist, his sober brothers, his sponsors and sponsees would keep AM grounded and brutally honest at all times.
“I’m not like you guys,” he would say. “I am an addict. If I take one sip of liquor, if I take one hit of a joint, I cannot stop. I will be smoking crack within a week, tops.” At the time, it seemed like that scenario was impossible.
When, after many successful nights, the Pure deal had run its course, AM once again sought a nightclub partner in Las Vegas that could accommodate his massive fees and super-sized draw. After a lengthy courting process involving George Maloof and N9NE Group president Michael Morton, he settled on The Palms and its Rain Nightclub. The new set-up was bigger than ever before, with a massive marketing campaign announcing DJ AM’s newest residency. From the opening night, the DJ AM show at Rain was larger than life, involving custom video segments, graphics and lights to accompany his advanced DJ skills.
With his fee still rising, DJ AM had come further down to Earth. He frequently arrived alone for his Friday night performance at Rain, by car, without a manager or entourage of any kind. We would joke that a giant menorah would light up the sky when he crossed over into Nevada territory after the long drive through California. I would meet him at the Palms valet, where we would enter and immediately take the stage. These seemed to be his most grounded times, and I was blissfully unaware that trouble was brewing deep inside him. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'f24e4f5351c883032e0b3540398c31880029e606637f9e9534c70b6dacd58d67'} |
The Jeff Dunham Show (2009) s01e07 Episode Script
Episode 7
Greetings, infidels.
Please, clap your hands like the brainless, infidel monkeys you are for your host, Jeff Dunham! Thank you! Thank you very much.
Thank you! Wow! This is exciting! You guys are great! Thank you so much! Come on, you don't have to do that! But then again, total silence would be awkward and sad.
But, ladies and gentlemen, we wanna get started right in to this thing tonight, so please help me welcome the only guy who ever got kicked out of cubscouts for drinking beer, my friend, Bubba J.
How are you tonight, Bubba J? Well, drunker than I ought to be, but not as drunk as I wanna be.
Bubba J, you know the line from the Eagles song, "Some drink to remember, and some drink to forget"? - Yeah.
- What's your reason? I didn't know eagles could sing? So, what else is going on with you? Well, I think I need a beer.
Wait a minute, didn't you just have one backstage? That was over a minute ago.
And I am starting - to get that feeling again.
- What? A headache? - No, worse.
- What? Sober.
Bubba J, have you ever heard of a twelve-step-program? Linedancing sucks.
Well⦠It's almost as lame as the hokey-poker.
The hokey-poker? That's what my mom calls my dad.
Bubba J, do you remember when you went to rehab? Yeah, that's my favorite bar in Las Vegas.
No, not that one.
This one.
Welcome gentlemen.
Bubba J, congratulations.
This it is a big step.
Oh thanks, Dr.
Do you understand what it is that I do here? Yes, you are going to make me a better drinker.
How much do you drink in the average day? All of it.
Do you ever black out where you don't remember what you done? Right there, that was one.
And then when you introduced yourself, that was another.
Jeff, I understand that you are here to support to Bubba J.
There's been a few close calls here and there.
Have you had any legal consequences from alcohol-use? Yes, my biggest consequence, I got married.
Do you see yourself as an alcoholic? Only if I look in a mirror.
Hey, is "Der" your first name? No.
That is what says in your sign⦠it says "Der" Drew.
Have you used the following in the past week? Alcohol.
Yes! I'm one for one.
The next one is cocaine.
The only thing I want in my nose is beer when I laugh.
Have you ever had a stroke? My wife gives me one of those for every birthday.
My favorite.
So, now I'm gonna check your luggage.
I should be clean.
Well, here is one item that we don't have here, and that is the mouthwash, and that's because it has alcohol in it.
I only drink that to make my burps taste better.
I found two sixpacks of beer.
What were you thinking, Bubba J? Well, that one's for breakfast.
I guess this means I can't use my duffelkeg.
Bubba J just brought in a ton of contraband, which is not unusual by itself, but the amount and the means⦠extraordinary.
Has anybody got a bottleopener? Hey, Der, when's Happy Hour? Peanut, thank you so much for coming in to support to Bubba J.
What do I have to do to get in on this celebrity rehab myself? Get picked up by a tranny, kill a drifter, or can I just pull a Lohan and go lesbo for a few months? I want you to calm down.
Let's help Bubba.
- OK.
- And stay focused.
You have any Purell? Well, this is an in-treatment-intervention, Bubba, where we gathered the important people in your life together to help support you in your treatment.
Unfortunately, this didn't turn out quite the way I hoped.
- Jeff is here.
- Jeff is here.
I am here for Bubba J.
I heard that there were some letters written on your behalf? Yes, I'm gonna read, Doc, OK? "Dear Bubba J, you're hilarious when you're drunk.
Don't ever stop, dude.
Love, mom.
" OK.
"Dear Bubba J, remember that time we made a beer-bong that started on the roof and you fell off? That was great.
Hope you're tearing it up the camp.
Your loving wife/cousin.
" Any chance she might come in and participate in the treatment process? No.
Here's the last one.
"Dear Bubba J, I'm sitting home enjoying a nice cold beer.
Oh My Lord, does it taste good! So nice and cold and bubbely going down.
Is this helping? Walter.
" That son of a bitch.
So, how did he do? He did really remarkably.
He had no withdrawal, he got active in the program, he recovery, he's doing everything we told him to.
We're talking about Bubba J here? Jeff, I'm telling you something, Bubba J is like some kind of savant or something.
I think I learned more from him than he did from me.
That⦠that's great.
How are you doing Bubba J? Pretty good, Jeff.
This place is great.
Most fun I ever had without a gun.
Thanks, Der! You're quite welcome, Bubba J.
It's been quite an experience.
Good luck.
Here's to rehab! Bubba J, what are you doing? I missed you my old friend.
Bubba J, I don't know.
It's fun to quit drinking, cause then you get to start up again.
It's like Christmas with a good head on it.
Deck the halls with cans of beer Dawn we now our gay apparel I said " gay" The end.
Hurra, hurra.
It's Walter's Relationship Advice I hate this already.
What the hell is your frickin' problem? I just feel that sometimes in our relationship, when I'm saying things, it's like I'm speaking to a wall sometimes.
Like I just feel he doesn't hear me.
That was Walter's Relationship Advice Bullcrap.
Walter here.
If you wanna see me embaress myself for my wife's sake, stay tuned.
Also, Achmed tries to hire folks to work for him.
And I thought Dunham was a crappy boss.
And now: Achmed the Dead Terrorist, gets a Time-Out.
Hey, Jake, what you are making with your macarony? - Grass.
- Oh, grass.
He's making grass.
- What did you make? - It's right there.
What's that? A macarony noose.
This has been: Achmed the Dead Terrorist gets a Time-Out.
So, how you are tonight, Walter? Look at me.
Look, are you enjoying the show tonight? Yes, I guess so.
My wife thinks this show is genius.
- Really? - Yes.
And now that I'm getting famous and everything, she's starting to get all romantic and affectionate.
Yes, it's a frickin' nightmare.
How is your lovelife? Sex? I think I have cobwebs growing in my crotch.
Come on, at our age, what kind of lingerie am I supposed to buy to my wife? Does make a thong? What does your wife when you say things like that? It doesn't matter.
- Why? - I already apologized for it.
You did? And now it's time for: Walter's weekly apology to his wife⦠in advance.
Hello, Mon cheri.
It's your lovable and devoted husband Walter here once again to apologize for all the horrible and insensitive things I'm going to say and do this coming week.
I'm sorry that when you start telling me about your day I'm counting the seconds until you stop.
I'm sorry I'll laugh at you when you get out of the shower.
I'm going to say "I was thinking about an old joke, and I was⦠you".
I'm sorry that at breakfast I'm going to take two pancakes and dangle them from my chest and imitate you for an hour.
I'm sorry for these things here.
Forgetting your name.
Selling your dog without asking.
Saying the milk wasn't spoiled.
Calling you Queen Kong.
Putting butter on the staircase.
Giggling when you trip.
Calling your best friend a hooker.
Oh, man.
Okey, my love, that's all I got for this week.
Au revoir, me amore.
Good night and get over it.
We good? Great.
Let's lose the music.
Now, where can I go to throw up? Greetings.
It is Achmed.
Coming up: I recruit Americans to try to blow up America.
And Walter yells to a bald guy who talks like a leprechaun.
How are you, Achmed? Well, greetings, infidel.
You know, Achmed, I've noticed that you've been in a pretty good mood lately.
- Yes.
- Why is that? I just checked the Homeland Security Website.
Yes? I made the no-fly-list.
Finally! Can I get a little� No? How about a� Thank you.
Achmed, why is it a good thing to make the no-fly-list? It's like the Miss America-pagent for terrorists.
but without the bikiniwax and fake shish-keboobs.
How sad is it that I'm dead, but I'm getting bigger laughs than you? You know what your catch-phrase should be? - What? - "I bore you".
Well, you know, this is my job.
- Seriously? - Yes.
You need a real job.
And where in the world would I find that? Funny you should ask.
You know, is not easy being the only suicide bomber in America.
There's only so much killing I can do alone.
So I need help.
And where's the best place to find terrorist-recruits? The job fair.
To help me, I bought an assistant of off Craigs-list.
My name's Amber, and I am here as Achmed's assistant.
Before we get started, some ground rules.
Let's keep this professional.
I can already feel a lot of sexual tension, and I think we should just nip it in the bud.
Welcome, sir.
There's a big opportunity here to being a terrorist.
Good to see you.
This woman here's wondering - if you have to blow stuff up? - If you have to blow stuff up!! Of course you have to blow things up.
That's the whole point.
Hey, come back, come back.
This booth needs more sizzle.
Amber, how about showing some folks a little hoot? It's singular for hooters.
- No, I'm not gonna do that.
- You know what is a hoot, no? Son of a gun.
Why isn't anybody stopping? I have balloons.
I have the virgin.
What's this guy over here doing that we're not? He has a standing full of people.
Hey, Shrek, how are you kicking my ass? You got to enhance your presentation a little bit.
I'm not sure what you're trying to say with the rock.
It's not a rock, it's a cave.
I kill you! You got to focus on the qualities that people really wanna walk up and hear about.
And I mean, honestly, killing people probably isn't in the top ten.
I am starting to understand you.
Is your job a difficult job, Rum Blodgett? It's hard work.
Is this why you lost your hair? We need a booth-makeover like yesterday.
My booth needed to look more professional.
So I made a change.
I am CEO of ATC Industries.
Achmed Terrorist Company.
Get some of these people in here for an interview.
It says here that you type 100 words a minute.
How are you with anthrax? Not good.
- Are you afraid of flying? - No.
- Crashing? - A little bit.
A little.
Well, alright, small mark, not bad.
Eight plus eight? Excuse me? It says here Ronnie, you have experience in Marketing.
Do you have any experience banging virgins? How long have you hated jews? Three years.
That's very good.
He asked me about having sex with virgins.
I can recall, that's what he asked.
And I thought⦠I said no.
Would like to sign up now? All you have to do is empty your blood into this goblet and drink it, then you're a terrorist.
- Deal? - No.
- No.
- No.
After meeting Achmed, it would say he's an asshole.
It's no picnic trying to sell terrorism against America.
I didn't get anyone.
I think this is your fault, virgin Amber.
This is not working out.
You suck.
So I'm sorry.
You have to go.
Now, you're fired.
Take your hoots and get the hell out of here.
Not working out.
Sucks so bad.
Good riddens.
After today, I will never look for another job on Craigs-list.
I miss her already.
Amber! Amber? Amber I'm sorry.
Will you come back to me? And get me some coffee! And now it's time for: Peanut runs into an ex.
Hi, Peanut.
Oh! Hey Sorry I never returned your calls.
What's new? He doesn't look anything like me! Daddy! That was: Peanut runs into an ex.
And now, babies, it's time for: Sweet Daddy D listens to white music.
Oh yeah.
That was: Sweet Daddy D listens to white music.
How are you doing, Walter? Why are you mad about now? Does there have to be a reason? Good point.
The wife made me get her a new cellphone.
So? - I hate cellphones.
- What about pagers? Pagers? Yes.
- Do you have a pager? - Well, no.
If anyone here actually has a pager, just get out.
- Come on, Walter.
- Seriously, go sell drugs in the 80's, where you belong.
So, what's wrong with your wife's new cellphone? It's one of those smartphones.
If it's so smart, why can't it make her shut the hell up? What kind of plan did you get her? It's called "friends and family".
It blocks all the calls from friends and family.
It's fantastic.
You think she wanna download some of those ringtones you recorded? Meh.
What ever.
Hey, Walter.
My name's Cache.
This is my assistant Tony.
I can't understand a lot of what you're saying.
You got the accent, like English.
Irish, not English.
What ever.
You should eat some Lucky Charms and forget the whole thing.
Tony, where are you from? I am from Phoenix.
Oh, From Phoenix.
Well, thanks for making the drive.
We are ready inside.
Are you ready out there? Ready to record here, Lucky.
Let's do it.
Whenever you're ready, in your own time.
This microphone probably has more stranger spit on it than George Michael at a reststop.
How do I know when? On the count of three.
No screw-ups, Lucky.
We took the railroads from you and gave them to the chinaman.
Don't make me replace you with a Ching-chong here too.
One, two, three.
Your wife's calling.
Kill yourself now.
How about a little more emphasis on the "kill"? Goddamnit.
Your wife's calling.
Kill yourself now.
I like that one.
That was good.
Yes, that was good.
That was really good.
You'll like this one, Lucky.
Get the phone, dumbass! It's good.
Let's have more emphasis on the "dumbass".
Look, Riverdance, I ain't got your pot of gold, so clamp it with the attitude.
Let's move on to the next one.
Look at me! I'm a Japanese schoolgirl.
How about, "I'm a Japanese schoolgirl"? What the hell did you do to her? What was that? A Japanese schoolgirl and a noise.
I like subtle comedy.
Unlike the Irish.
They are like "Blah!".
Look at me.
I'm a Japanese schoolgirl.
Okay, good.
That's a good option.
Hey, by the way, am I getting some of this ringtone-money? No.
Screw this! I'm out of here.
Look at me.
I'm a Japanese schoolgirl.
That was a little bit embaressing.
You look good in a dress.
I meant the ringtone.
I don't remember putting that on my phone.
Well, happy birthday, dumbass! You owe me three bucks.
Walter, that's our show tonight.
Yeah, what ever.
Is there anyone you wanna thank before we go? Yeah, the Japanese schoolgirls.
Good night everybody! We'll see you next time. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.956923246383667}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '43004', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:777IJ4GBRFP5HMURXUEVLBI2IMA2LAIT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:30079609-a3a7-4df5-841c-cd556608772c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 2, 25, 43), 'WARC-IP-Address': '212.67.221.61', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:H4OIMAVQZLTVAOOUQNFFHYL2GQBKXMUY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:885db9a5-381a-4756-a252-ee0bc7877ee5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.springfieldspringfield.co.uk/view_episode_scripts.php?tv-show=the-jeff-dunham-show-2009&episode=s01e07', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7a4d7a20-fb94-44f3-9b49-473d611801a2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2595', 'url': 'https://www.springfieldspringfield.co.uk/view_episode_scripts.php?tv-show=the-jeff-dunham-show-2009&episode=s01e07', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-143-243-33.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.24467897415161133', 'original_id': '24c355d07f8d7958f9e6341e0bb2101be9031d629316f5a90720681f2c8fb77b'} |
The processing of developing your musical ear is essential to becoming a well rounded piano player.
The important thing is to start early, with basic exercises. Every song and technique you learn should be paired with an aural understanding.
For example, if you are working on the major scale and major triads, it is important to practice "hearing" these musical devices. The best way to do this is to sing them, externally first and then internally.
Singing "internally" is also known as "audiating."
As piano players, we want to be able to "sing" through our fingers.
To do this we need to learn the musical vocabulary and audiate it in our head before we even press down the keys. Over time, this 2 step process becomes 1 automatic step.
The most important ear training "building block" of music is to learn the intervals. Starting by singing the notes of a major scale. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Practice ascending and descending.
Next, try to sing from the root (1) up to each interval and take note of the sound. 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8. Also practice this descending from the top down.
A common practice tool here is to make interval associations with popular songs. For example, Happy birthday starts with an ascending major 2nd interval. Here Comes the Bride starts with an ascending perfect 4th.
The associations are like training wheels. Initially they are useful, and later on you will know your intervals without needing the reference songs.
You can practice intervals with this free app here: Interval Ear Training
Try to sing a major scale and modify the 3rd, 6th, and 7th to make it a minor scale. Every new piece of musical vocabulary you learn should be internalized through singing and audiating.
Next you can try the chromatic scale. This scale can be more challenging with the sequence of 12 half steps, but it will really develop your ear.
You can practice scales and modes with this free app here: Scale Ear Training
After mastering intervals and scales, the next step is to work on triads, or 3-note chords. Start with the major triad (1-3-5) and then try to modify it to a minor, diminished, and augmented triad.
Then you can start to practice inversions, which are excellent for mastering 3rd and 4th intervals. You can also try out patterns such as 1-5, 3-8, 5-10.
Then practice common chord progressions, such as those involving primary chords (1, 4, and 5). The key here is to focus your ears on the bass, since the bass or "root" determines the chord. If you can follow the bass, you can figure out the chords.
As your understanding of theory grows, you can practice 7th chords including the major 7th, dominant 7th, minor 7th, half diminished and fully diminished 7th chords.
An important point about training your ear with chords is that the human voice can only sing 1 note at a time. We therefore need to "arpeggiate" the chord tones with our voice or inner ear. It takes time to develop the ear sufficiently to be able to hear chords internally without first arpeggiating them, but it can certainly be done.
You can practice scales with this free app here: Chord Ear Training
The key is to integrate ear training into every practice session. Most students are not deliberate enough about this, and they risk becoming "button pushers." You will never feel completely free to express yourself as a musician, especially as an improvisor, if you do not start to work on ear training (especially audiating). You need to be able to aurally anticipate what you play, and this happens through your inner ear.
First, it will be a 2 step process. You will sing something, and try to play it back. Over time the errors will lessen, and what you hear internally will instantly come out through your fingers. This is great to practice along with transposing. Try not to start in the same key each time. Explore the possibilities of all keys!
Make every interval, scale, chord, melody, and piece of music you practice feel as though you are "singing through your fingers."
For additional practice, check out the Keyboard Ear Training (to strengthen relative pitch by seeing the intervals on the piano) and the Note Ear Training from our partner at | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '20', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9403376579284668}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '33276', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5ZOC3537THXPJESEQI7ALPOW4KB6DDHG', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:28295811-f636-40b1-9f73-6fd8a6735356>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 10, 21, 5, 6, 41), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.198.105.50', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MTNPWQ267N57UVDHYDTUIDKVOI7BRIQM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0b4951e0-c463-4e49-8585-2e343e69df5e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://support.pianowithjonny.com/support/solutions/articles/63000076246-how-do-i-learn-to-play-by-ear-', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:529f39eb-e4de-4b12-931a-dff991e8ba76>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '715', 'url': 'https://support.pianowithjonny.com/support/solutions/articles/63000076246-how-do-i-learn-to-play-by-ear-', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-45\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-253.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04536581039428711', 'original_id': '3cb443e9967c0e989c84dacc541f4ea9cf93cf0abaf0097a99575a707c9c3a81'} |
A Heart to Heart(worm)
Hello! If you have ever visited our hospital with your pet, chances are you were given the ‘Heartworm Talk.’ It’s not that we love talking about heartworm disease and are overly paranoid; we always mention it because the disease is a serious risk facing pets everywhere and our patients in particular! Heartworm disease may be fatal if left untreated, but is almost completely preventable. Our clinic takes prevention very seriously and it's really important to us that our clients understand why we insist on talking about it all the time!
Heartworm disease is everywhere - even in the dry climate of New Mexico. It is a common misconception that because New Mexico is a desert, heartworm disease does not exist in the area. Heartworms are carried and transferred to pets through mosquitoes, which are present in New Mexico for most of the year. Here is the most recent incidence map from the American Heartworm Society. As you can see, the Santa Fe area is unfortunately a hot spot. The doctors at Smith Vet can attest to this, as we diagnose numerous cases each year.
The latest incidence map provided by the American Heartworm Society
The latest incidence map provided by the American Heartworm Society
How do you protect your pet from heartworm exposure? There is a myth that keeping your pets indoors will protect them. However, keeping a dog indoors all the time is unrealistic - at some point, the dog has to go outside to attend to personal business. Furthermore, mosquitoes can absolutely sneak into your house. All it takes is a cracked door or slightly opened window, and don't forget that your front door opens and closes constantly when you leave and enter your home. We have unfortunately diagnosed cases of heartworm in dogs who are ‘indoor only.’
The best way to protect your pet from heartworm disease is to administer year round prevention. It is rare to find mosquitoes outside in the winter, but it is not impossible, which is why we advocate year round prevention at Smith Vet Hospital. We understand that heartworm testing and year-round prevention is not cheap, but it pales in comparison to the cost of treating heartworm disease.
In most cases, the medical care of a patient with heartworm disease does not end after the treatment itself is complete. There are often medical complications- such as irreversible changes to the heart- that require lifelong medical treatment and support. This adds further cost to a medical condition that could have been easily avoided.
Every April, Smith Vet Hospital participates in Heartworm Awareness Month! We offer 50% off heartworm testing with the purchase of at least 6 months of prevention! Please come by and get on the Prevention Bandwagon! We would love to see you and your pets and answer any and all of your questions.
Please note: Heartworm preventative is only available by prescription. If we have not seen your pet for an exam some time in the past 12 months, he or she will need to be seen by a doctor before he or she can receive the medication and qualify for the discounted test. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.95914226770401}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '74686', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SUQWIPVXMKOGT3S43ODJRRBCJKXH3PIW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:98ce042e-e7d7-41db-b439-bdb330db8b88>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 19, 21, 23, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.49.23.144', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PPM76VDBMTJQKJPBQXKJL3YW3M5R3SGD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:feb9b025-a303-42a5-b16d-cf61d60b2ba3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.svh-nm.com/articles/2017/3/27/a-heart-to-heartworm', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e8fd270a-08d9-4e37-ada2-f41c8f1be8ac>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '517', 'url': 'https://www.svh-nm.com/articles/2017/3/27/a-heart-to-heartworm', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-47-182-244.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.025805413722991943', 'original_id': '5e0c3ed8b3f6f1f8bf878cb092ba86209dd0b2a3cd3882058110aedfaf5b7fb8'} |
Calculating Statistical Significance in Web Analytics
by Carlin Leung
Originally published on the Quietly Blog
What is statistical significance and why does it matter for your site? If you’re wondering how to measure the success of your company’s campaigns and overall marketing efforts, read on.
Analyzing changing traffic and engagement patterns on your site is a necessity. But how do you determine which changes are significant and which are due to external, unsolicited factors? How do you understand if your campaign efforts are directly driving users to your site and increasing traffic, or if certain campaigns are performing better than others? Measuring the statistical significance of the various metrics that affect your site can tell you a lot about the success of your marketing campaigns and can help you to make strategic changes that will benefit your company.
What Is Statistical Significance?
In hypothesis testing, the result of an experiment is statistically significant when there’s less than a 5% chance that more extreme results will occur when the same test is conducted in the future. In application, this means that this result didn’t just occur by chance, and that it’s likely caused by some factor. 5% is the universal standard employed by scientists, and is widely viewed as an acceptable risk.
Here’s an example from a web analytics context:
Let’s say that in the month of July, 1,000 users visited your site, an increase compared to June’s 900 users. How do we know whether this increase is actually a “significant” change worth looking into?
If we compare this month’s data with historical data, we can calculate the probability that July would have earned 1,000 or more users organically. If the result is less than 5%, we can say that this change is statistically significant and can’t be explained by random chance, since the probability of seeing this number occur organically is so low.
So, how does statistical significance apply to your Google Analytics tracking?
Well, chances are, your web traffic (or metrics like bounce rate, average time on page, etc.) doesn’t progress in a beautiful, smooth, upwards-trending line. This data fluctuates by day, by month, and by year.
For example, maybe your pageviews are increasing slowly over the year, but there are a few months that performed better or worse than expected. Should you be concerned about the down months, or celebrate and analyze the up months? Are particular spikes or dips meaningful changes (actual outliers)? Or, do they reflect the natural ups and downs of running a website?
Statistical significance can help determine whether each variance is something out of the ordinary, and therefore worth investigating.
Why Does Statistical Significance Matter?
In short, measuring the statistical significance of metrics on your site helps you better quantify whether your efforts are actually working and know when a mysterious change is worth evaluating.
Here are some ways that calculating statistical significance can benefit your site and overall operations:
• You can ensure that you don’t take action on information that’s likely due to chance, or just part of your site’s natural rhythms.
• You can understand whether your recent campaigns were actually impactful.
• For example, if you recently implemented a Facebook campaign, and found that the campaign month received a significantly higher number of visitors from Facebook, you can conclude that your campaign was effective.
• You can investigate why spikes or downturns in various metrics occur, even if you haven’t made any changes or started a new campaign.
How Do I Find Statistical Significance for Web Analytics Metrics?
There are a number of ways that you can understand the statistical significance for metrics on your site. One option is using a tool that compiles and calculates this information for you. For example, Quietly Insights, can provide you with statistical significance information and inform you whether something is worth actioning on.
You can also use Excel to measure statistical significance.
Here are step-by-step instructions for how to organize and analyze this information in Excel:
1. Select the metric you’d like to analyze, and export a year’s worth of monthly data from your web analytics provider (most likely Google Analytics).
• You can also analyze by weekly data (in this case we recommend exporting six months instead of a year).
2. Open the export in excel.
3. Create a new tab, and add the following columns: month (or week, depending on the data you downloaded), [metric name], lower limit, average, upper limit, and standard deviation.
4. Copy the data into the [metric name] column, and fill out the corresponding months (see below).
5. In column D, calculate the average for the dataset, and copy the formula down. Don’t forget to use absolute references (the $ signs in excel formulas) so that the value is consistent for each month.
6. In cell F2 (under ‘Standard Deviation’), use the formula =STDEV.S() to calculate standard deviation for the dataset. This number tells you how different your data points are from each other, and will be used to calculate the lower and upper limits.
7. Next, we’re going to calculate the lower limit of the dataset. Essentially, if any of your data points are below this number, it represents a significant dip.
• The formula is the average-(2*standard deviation)—notice the $ in the when referencing F2, the standard deviation!
8. The next step is to repeat the above actions for the upper limit. Any data points above this value can be considered significant.
• Formula is average+(2*standard deviation). Again, notice the absolute reference ($ sign) for standard deviation. The only difference between this formula and the last is that we’re adding, rather than subtracting the standard deviations.
9. Lastly, let’s put this into a line graph to make it more visual.
• Go to insert>line chart to create a line chart.
As you can see, the only point that’s worth investigating is November, as the number of pageviews exceed the upper limit. While originally, you might have thought that August was worrisome, it’s clear that the dip is just part of the natural fluctuation
What Do I Do if Something’s Significant?
You’ve analyzed the data, and suspect that a change in your site is a result of an action you’ve recently taken. If you’ve started a new campaign, and see a change, you can likely attribute any changes to this action.
For example:
• If you started a Facebook campaign and saw a significant spike in Facebook traffic, you can conclude that the campaign made a significant impact on your traffic, and that it was effective in increasing traffic.
• If you started a Facebook campaign and it didn’t increase traffic from Facebook, but the overall site traffic increased, it’s difficult to say that the Facebook campaign was particularly effective. In this case, it’s likely that your traffic would have fluctuated even if the campaign didn’t occur.
If you are unclear as to why something’s spiked or dipped, and haven’t conducted any recent campaigns, it’s likely due to an external factor, such as:
• Seasonality: does this spike happen every year? Or just this year?
• PR/News: was your company mentioned in a news article, or featured on a site?
• Current events: did something happen that resulted in increased search or social traffic to your site?
The Bottom Line
There are many factors that can cause metrics to move up or down, and they are not always worthy of a reaction or change. Use statistical significance to know when you should take action, or when you should leave your site as is. If you’d like some help calculating statistical significance, you can always try a tool like Quietly Insights, which will take statistical significance into account and strategically inform your decisions. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.924732506275177}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '36594', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:USCWWSDX5RFGUBJXPM7UJ7IGFSHG5EMJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1008234f-f37f-4c38-8524-be836f4259da>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 22, 6, 30, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.236.184.56', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BV2MYKBOCPWB3YIW4545NFPTN46YDSA6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7bd0c46b-8841-475b-9ca4-c7a4c631babf>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.carlinleung.ca/analytics/calculating-statistical-significance-web-analytics/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0dbfb73c-df53-405f-8498-d6c9eed753ec>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1257', 'url': 'https://www.carlinleung.ca/analytics/calculating-statistical-significance-web-analytics/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-115-99.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.7427502274513245', 'original_id': 'a899eabfd6be55c3eb3b9f56592d3f7a5f98b79cd3000c8e01941b53014f2280'} |
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