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All about card, board, role playing and miniature
If you're interested in board games, you've probably already heard about the popular board game titles that have been around for years, such as Monopoly, Clue, and Scrabble. But there are many more out there. Some are old classics, such as chess. Others have been around for less than a decade, including one of the newest in the market place, Settlers of Catan. There are also some great games that have become popular at the local level, such as Uno, and even more that have been embraced by the gaming community, including Talisman.
What are the best miniature games?
Sometimes we want to play games that are quick and easy to get to the fun without a lot of set-up. What are the best miniature games that can be played in 10 to 20 minutes?
The Board Game Galaxy's team of experts has played a lot of games and we have some recommendations:
Best Tabletop Games
Game nights are an essential part of gaming culture, and no matter what games you prefer to play, someone else is bound to have them. But which are the best tabletop games to play? This is the question we're going to answer today, with a quick look at some of the most fun and popular games out there.
For this list, we're going to focus on board games, rather than card games (though we'll cover some of the best Magic: The Gathering formats near the end). Board games typically require more effort to learn and set up, but have a longer lifespan and more strategic depth than most card games. That said, card games can be great fun, and if you're interested in the subject, check out our article
Best Card Games
The good people at Geek's Galaxy have decided to help with our quest for relaxation by creating a blog that focuses on the best card games on the market. Instead of trudging through the thousands and thousands of games on the market, they've simplified it for you by creating a list of the best card games to help you find something that's just right for you.
A few weeks ago, I was invited to play a game of Cards Against Humanity with some friends. This wasn't my first time playing, but it was the first time I noticed how addictive it really is. I couldn't stop laughing, and the next morning I couldn't stop thinking about how much fun I had. Before I knew it, I had bought my own copy and was teaching my friends to play. Unfortunately, my friends weren't as impressed by the game as I was, and they quickly lost interest after the novelty wore off. I, on the other hand, became obsessed. I thought about it during class, during my commute to work, and while I was on my lunch breaks. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.988291084766388}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '4053', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QCQEBZ55NBE2SYP6L3U7EVNQEITJNJDK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:64464898-109f-484d-8d3e-f3a59d8f0394>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 18, 4, 7, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.132.212', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CTQ3T5VA2IG7JASHE5PVHL5RWHUKM4ER', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:924e92d3-9878-475f-8f37-e59bcba9ef3b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://geeksgamegalaxy.com/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f829952c-6279-41dd-87e6-8e3935990a7d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '481', 'url': 'https://geeksgamegalaxy.com/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-212.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03460526466369629', 'original_id': '3c9310f18666b3e2e02551f9b9baf62cffb9b81f7ee5ccfee5abc4fdb8850135'} |
My parents – Uranium Spies in the Cold War?
Harald Scholz grows up without parents in Freital, not far from Dresden: His father completely disappears in 1951 – allegedly kidnapped by Russians. His mother, 25-year-old Jutta Scholz, is arrested for espionage when she is pregnant with Harald. Harald is born at the women’s prison in Hoheneck, but is separated from his mother immediately after birth.
Harald Scholz does not know anything about his background to this day, but the 65-year-old finally wants to solve the big riddle of his family and his own life. What happened to his father? And how is his father’s life related to mining company Wismut and the construction of the Soviet nuclear bomb? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9882116317749025}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '23240', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:RMKGV7K52ATWVNTMQCGQDIH63RYN2OXZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:11f42db9-3858-4ebb-bdc4-c5d8a8132bcc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 23, 5, 23, 5), 'WARC-IP-Address': '217.160.0.143', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6NZRNCDWMYGVHJHTP7KNUOSRPRRVR4AA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:76a508d8-28e9-422f-9425-aa5fa5625b0b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://schulz-wendelmann.de/en/my-parents-uranium-spys-in-the-cold-war/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9119f649-9625-4bc9-8cf8-48e092b3d8df>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '116', 'url': 'https://schulz-wendelmann.de/en/my-parents-uranium-spys-in-the-cold-war/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-254.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05684542655944824', 'original_id': 'c4212859d149849b06eff29290e905d5544acf5a631353bbdd022173fa2f6acf'} |
inspirator #005a brand
1. A brand is the representation of the product: something that identifies it in a recognizable way. This could be a name, a logo, colors, writing style, or other media forms such as sound marks.
2. A brand is the product’s reputation, which creates certain customer expectations about the product. In other words, once customers recognize the brand representation (definition #1), they also project specific attributes onto the product — maybe that it will be high quality, healthy, or allow them to be seen as trendy or fashionable.
Leave a comment
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Anal bleeding, Piles, Thyroid nodules.
Anal bleeding
People are often referred to a surgeon when they have anal bleeding. When the blood is mixed with the stool, it usually means the bleeding originates from higher up in the colon and needs to be evaluated by colonoscopy. Click for more on colonoscopies.
Bleeding from the anus itself is usually seen as bright red blood on the toilet-paper and in the toilet-bowl after a bowel movement.
By far the most common cause for this is hemorrhoids, also known as piles.
What exactly are piles?
We all have little mucosal, gut lining, bulges 2cm deep in the anal canal. These bulges are called anal cushions and when these anal cushions enlarge, they form piles. Piles contain many fine blood vessels, which is why they can so easily bleed.
Why would I get piles?
Usually there’s no identifiable reason. Sometimes it’s the result of a person who spends too long sitting on the toilet or because of chronic constipation.Piles are also common during pregnancy because the enlarging uterus presses on the pelvic blood vessels, causing congestion in the veins in the anal cushions. This may lead to anal cushion engorgement and pile formation. Of course, the piles usually disappear shortly after the pregnancy is over.
What are the treatment options for piles?
Small piles often disappear by themselves, so often it’s more a case of reassuring you that there’s nothing more serious causing anal bleeding.
Bigger piles may be banded. This is when a small rubber band is placed around the pile causing it to fall off. Even bigger piles may be managed by ligation, which cuts off the blood vessels supplying them.
However, even larger piles may need to be surgically removed or a stapled hemorrhoidectomy performed.
Each procedure has it’s own indication and possible complications, so the treatment of piles need to be tailor-made for you by your surgeon.
I suffer from anal pain. Is this also caused by piles?
Seldom. Usually anal pain is caused by a non-healing tear in the lining of the anal canal. This is called an anal fissure, but there are numerous other conditions that can give rise to anal pain and discomfort.
The best is to have it checked out and a surgeon is the right person to ask.
Appendicitis is one of the most common emergency conditions managed by a surgeon.
What are the signs of appendicitis?
Usually there’s a sudden onset of abdominal pain starting around the navel and moving to the lower right abdominal wall. With this pain comes nausea and a loss of appetite. When inflammation of the sac lining the abdominal cavity occurs immediately over the appendix, this is called peritonitis and it’s a tell-tale sign that there’s underlying appendicitis. Appendicitis can also present in a less obvious way, which will result in you having an ultrasound scan and even a CT scan.
How is the appendix removed?
This can be done either by a small cut in your lower abdomen or laparoscopically. Your surgeon will decide which approach will be best for you.
Will everything be okay once the appendix is out?
Usually, yes. However, you need to remember that with any surgery there may be complications, even after a small operation like appendix removal. Once the appendix is out you should start feeling better and be back to normal in 2 – 3 weeks. If you don’t gradually improve you’ll need to be seen by your surgeon.
Thyroid nodules
A single enlarged nodule in the thyroid gland is often the reason that you’ll be referred to a surgeon. More often than not, a piece of tissue from the thyroid gland needs to be removed. The tissue gets sent to a pathologist for evaluation to ensure it’s not cancerous.
Is surgery always necessary?
No. If there are other nodules in the thyroid, it may just be a bigger nodule as part of a multinodular goitre. An ultrasound scan can go a long way to exclude cancer, so can removing a few cells from the nodule during a small procedure. However, if any doubt remains, a partial thyroid removal will be needed as it can be quite difficult for the pathologist to differentiate between a normal thyroid and certain types of thyroid cancer.
Are there any risks associated with thyroid surgery?
There are risks associated with all types of surgery. In the case of thyroid removal, your surgeon will need to take special care not to injure the fine nerves running to your voice box. Your surgeon also needs to be careful not to damage the blood supply to your parathyroid glands, which are miniscule glands sitting immediately behind the thyroid and are crucial for calcium metabolism. As with any procedure, your surgeon will discuss these risks with you prior to performing the operation. Click for more on informed consent .
Our Facilities | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9451671242713928}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '52940', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KFUOD4U452GPVPV7G23XPAWPFEQR6VWI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bd9e5d35-2f01-4119-8cbb-851f9e993d8e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 21, 17, 57, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '197.242.144.179', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Z77JEZ56A4NZPVHATCEW454U2ZUMNHNL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:92038a31-5328-4e58-857a-4d02b0d094a4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://hvnsurgeon.co.za/procedures/common-surgical-problems-procedures/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1799cb9a-5d5f-4c74-980a-0cf93a2d2433>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '824', 'url': 'https://hvnsurgeon.co.za/procedures/common-surgical-problems-procedures/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-97-162-208.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10027265548706055', 'original_id': 'dc15edd6d2f8c764f735867567681060d54dbde66dd309965613ed7e7a22e925'} |
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright Materialize, Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Use of this software is governed by the Business Source License
# included in the LICENSE file at the root of this repository.
#
# As of the Change Date specified in that file, in accordance with
# the Business Source License, use of this software will be governed
# by the Apache License, Version 2.0.
set -euo pipefail
wait-for-it --timeout=60 connect:8083
topics=(
dbserver1.inventory.foo
)
echo "${topics[@]}" | xargs -n1 -P8 kafka-topics --bootstrap-server kafka:9092 --create --partitions 1 --replication-factor 1 --topic
curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' connect:8083/connectors --data '{
"name": "psql-connector",
"config": {
"connector.class": "io.debezium.connector.postgresql.PostgresConnector",
"provide.transaction.metadata": "true",
"database.hostname": "postgres",
"database.port": "5432",
"database.user": "postgres",
"database.password": "postgres",
"database.dbname": "postgres",
"database.server.name": "dbserver1",
"database.history.kafka.bootstrap.servers": "kafka:9092",
"include.schema.changes": "true",
"database.history.kafka.topic": "psql-history",
"time.precision.mode": "connect"
}
}'
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '3906a9def682373d5464d09dc8b445df135bc2909952261962f93feedccc88f4'} |
How Long Can a Generator Run
Generators are one of the best options that ever happened to you getting a constant supply of electricity anywhere you are on the globe. If you ever find yourself in the middle of nowhere and you need to power your basic electronics a generator would be the most effective source of power in this circumstance.
And this is particularly why generators are mostly needed at remote places such as the beach, construction sites, forest sites, and at picnics or tailgating parties. In fact, many professionals whose work requires constant access to electricity as such would really take a good time in selecting the perfect generators for their work.
The benefits of generators can only be underemphasized, apart from their importance at camps and work sites or at any other outdoor event, they are also needed indoor to power your home in cases of an emergency or if you live at a place with no access to electricity. If perhaps, you fall into a situation such as the latter you would more often than not need your generator to function from time to time and you will need them to run as long as possible, however, in many situations as different from this you would usually need to run your generator for just some few hours.
And this is the reason why we could particularly ask that important question, how long can a generator run before complications start setting in.
Well, this is one question that births many answers because of the number of factors that would dictate each answer. As such, you can start to consider factors such as:
• The type of fuel used to power the generator
• The size of the generator
• The load or the burden that your generator is subjected to
However, all these factors directly or indirectly lead to the type of generator you have.
The Type of Fuel used to Power the Generator
In here, we would be talking about whether your generator is the type that uses gasoline, propane, or if your generator is the stand by type.
Gasoline Powered Generator
If your generator runs on gasoline, then the length of duration you can run your generator will be relatively short compared to others. This is because it is an on and off thing, Even after you might have filled the tank of your generator with fuel, in most cases, a filled generator would normally not last more than 9 to 12 hours so you have to shut it down or it shuts down forcefully and then you refuel it again. And this process is particularly very important because however tempted you are, you should never attempt to refill your generator while it is in operation. This is a very terrible bad idea and very risky.
There is no reason other than the heat, there is much more heat produced when your generator is in operation. At any slight hit or mistake, there could be some spark anywhere turning your highly flammable fuel to be all in flames. So you should never think about pouring fuel while your generator is on. In fact, you should let your generator cool off after the long stretch of hours before you refill it again.
The point here is that as for gasoline generators, their time of operation is limited because it is a one-off thing. You can use the gasoline-powered generator at only one long stretch of hours before it is refueled again.
However, gasoline-powered generators are usually more efficient and there is more ease of access to the gas than other fuel.
Propane Powered Generator
As for generators that are powered by propane you have the upper hand of totally controlling your fuel tank. Therefore, you can put your generator in continuous operation while making sure that your generator gets constant access to fuel.
How do you go by this?
You can just try to connect two propane tanks to one gas line through a changeover regulator. By this, you can change the fuel flow from one tank while closing the other. And when one tank finishes you can switch to the other tank. So there will always the opportunity of changing the empty tank.
So how long should you allow your generator to run if you have massive amounts of propane stored? Well depending on how much oil you also have stored in your generator, you should normally not let your generator as such run more than 200 hours. In fact, it is best that you leave the duration at the usual 100 hours that a generator should get a check-up. Because there is always an amount of heat generated while it is running. So there could be serious issues if your generator gets overheated.
Another benefit of propane-powered generators is that the propane fuel is consumed very much slower when compared to gasoline-powered generators.
Standby Generators
If you are constantly in need of powering your home or company, then you need to get standby generators because these are the type of generators that are designed to go on marathon operations. They come with larger powerful motors and they are usually connected to very large capacity tanks containing propane.
If you have got a standby generator it is safer that you do not subject your generator to more than 500 hours of continuous usage. Going more than this could result in the destruction of your generator and electronics.
Also, another crucial part of the fuelling of your generator is its oil. You should constantly run a check on your oil level from time to time. Only in difficult scenarios should you change the oil of your generator after 100 hours.
The size of Your Generator
There is no doubt that if you a using a smaller than average generator size you should not expect much from it because no matter how frequently you get your generator to fill it will never operate beyond its fuel capacity. In such a situation you should not expect more than 6 hours of continuous usage if it is gasoline-powered. This is smaller when compared to the normal 10 hours of larger generators. In rare situations, if you are lucky, you can also find a very large generator that has the fuel tank capacity of a day. This is good but it is not advisable to operate such generators for more than 12 hours if it is gasoline-powered.
The Burden of Your Generator
The load on your generator is also a good determinant of how long your generator can operate. If you are running a whole company with your generator then you should expect that the time would be relatively shorter than when powering just a few devices. There are many other heavy-duty operations such as working on a construction site or powering heavy-duty equipment. This will also tell on the burden on your generator.
The load on your generator determines how fast its fuel is consumed. And the fuel determines the number of hours your generator will run. If your generator is propane powered, you may not need to worry because the usage of fuel is very slower than when compared to a generator that runs on gasoline. The fuel burns off faster with heavy operations and more importantly, more oil is also consumed with heavy-duty operations. In fact, it is not only the oil and fuel, frequent heavy operations on your generator determine how constantly you need to run maintenance checks on your generator. This is because of the more the load on your generator the more the rate at which it wears off. So if you want a gasoline-powered generator, you will need to get larger fuel capacity tank generators that will handle the heavy operations that you intend to use it for.
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Pawel Brodzinski on Software Project Management
A Myth of 100% Utilization
A Myth of 100% Utilization post image
Do you remember your very first job? A junior software developer or a quality engineer. An intern maybe. You were expected to do something. All the time. I mean someone paid you and wanted to keep you busy. You didn’t see a big picture. You just had a queue of tasks you should do. One after another. Like building a brick wall. Brick by brick. Done with one? Here’s another.
More interesting question is: has it changed over years? I mean you probably changed the role a few times, possibly went through a handful of companies. Odds are you see a big picture now. Or at least a big part of a big picture. Maybe you’ve grown to be a leader or a decision maker. Maybe even things are under your control.
Nevertheless I’m still interested: whether you or your bosses still expect people to be busy doing the project tasks all the time?
I guess this is true for vast majority of organizations. We still build brick walls. Brick by brick. Done with one, here’s another. Why bother, you ask.
Well, this approach means basically aiming to have all the people doing something, for the sake of this post let’s call it “project tasks,” all the time. It means aiming for 100% utilization of people. And you know what? If you aim for 100% utilization you’re likely to get pretty damn close to it.
The problem is we don’t get paid for being fully utilized. We get paid for delivering projects (again, please let me go with such a generic word).
Thus, we should be aiming for effective and optimal deliveries and not for having everyone around busy.
And there the fun begins.
Intuitively we follow the way of thinking which tells us that we do most work when everyone actually is doing work all the time. Finished with one feature? Go, start another. The project will end faster.
Except it isn’t true.
We don’t do simple manual work. We don’t build a brick wall where each and every task of adding another brick is similar, simple and almost completely independent of other tasks. And most of all it can be done without much, if any, cooperation with others.
There are a few areas where 100% utilization hits us hard.
Context switching
This is an obvious statement but switching context comes at a cost. I guess we always perform better when allowed to complete one thing uninterrupted before starting another and the nature of task doesn’t matter here. However, when we think of knowledge work there’s another cost we pay – time we need to get at full speed back again. Time to get into the context of the task. It’s not just another brick which we don’t even think of as our hands do the entire job.
100% utilization means basically more tasks being done concurrently, because we want to have so much work started that everyone has something to do. It means that tasks are waiting for people. It means that quality engineers have enough developed features to test that they’re never idle and so on.
OK, but what happens when someone finds a bug? Well, a developer switches back to this feature and fixes it. Then they’ll go back to this new feature they’ve been working on. In the meantime the quality engineer started working on something else and now they need to come back to this issue to retest it. Another context switch. Now, multiply it by a big number and that’s what is happening in many software development teams. Constant context switching, sometimes to work items which were waiting so long that people barely remember what they were all about.
It costs. Each time probably just a bunch of dollars, but multiplied by a number of such situations it stacks up to huge piles of money.
Task juggling
Another problem which comes with having tasks waiting for free people on every stage of the process is that we have lots and lots unfinished work. It means significantly bigger coordination effort you need to invest to keep you machinery working. It means way more prioritization work as every now and then people need to decide what to next. After all they are choosing among a number of different options.
It might surprise you but prioritization can take a huge toll in terms of time consumption. Let’s go with a simple experiment: prioritize whether you prefer to drink or pee at the very moment. It was quick, wasn’t it? Now, prioritize importance of each and every thing which lies on your desk. How much longer the second task took you?
Many ongoing features usually also means that you add cost attached to all the product politics. If there are many decision on priorities during the whole process it means there’s a temptation to change these priorities so team members start attending meetings or having discussions where they are told to add this little gizmo to the next release as it will allow conquering the whole world. No! Not the world, the whole galaxy! Now, imagine you could just avoid all that and focus on value-adding work. How happy you would be.
Time to market
This one is tricky. If you asked any decision maker whether they want to have shorter time to market they would eagerly agree. However, pretty often shorter time to market bears not that much value. Think of fixed priced custom project for a big client. Even if you can release per feature or you can deploy a new version weekly, chances are good they won’t touch it, even with a stick. And if you deliver the whole solution a month earlier than planned they won’t have capabilities to run user acceptance tests, thus you’ll wait anyway.
However, there are project where shorter time to market has huge value. Ask almost any web based app targeted directly to end users. In such cases longer lead times are actually counted in dollars.
Early issue discovery
Although personally I think this one is overhyped it can’t be omitted. If there’s a problem in your process there’s big value in discovering it as early as possible. Think of broken deployment. If you wait until you deploy the huge product at the very end of the project you are screwed up. However, if you care to deploy first bunch of features as soon as it is possible and reasonable, you discover the issue early, sort it out and eventually live through the final deployment with little or no problems.
On a side note: why do I think this one is overhyped? Well, if I hear examples of sending mass snail mails, you know, printing some papers, putting them into envelopes, sticking stamps and so on I wonder what can go wrong with such process. Yeah, envelopes can have wrong color. Wouldn’t I notice it instantly? Hopefully our teams know at least part of their craft at this level as we do mailing.
OK, either way there are quite a few places where we actually pay for 100% utilization. The result is that with the very same team we deliver later when they’re fully utilized than we would if they weren’t.
I know, this is counterintuitive.
It also means that avoiding 100% utilization means that we can build our projects cheaper.
I know, this is counterintuitive.
Actually, it means that letting our people do nothing on occasions means that we can perform better. And I mean nothing like, well, virtually nothing.
I know, this is counterintuitive.
The funny thing is we aren’t that surprised when we think about a highway. When we pack as many cars into highway as it is possible (100% utilization) we expect to see a traffic jam. And that’s what happens. We’ve been there. We’ve seen that. We expect nothing different. Then it is intuitive. Maybe because we’ve experienced that.
Maybe we should give ourselves a chance to experience it in our projects as well?
And yes, we can do better than let people doing nothing when they don’t do project work. But that’s a subject for another post.
in: project management
8 comments… add one
• BobD_Austin March 9, 2012, 2:08 am
There is another aspect of this from an organizational (or collective) perspective that may be even more significant. Not only do we (individually) not get paid for utilization, but we (collectively as an organization) do not get paid for utilization. The organization gets paid for delivering “the project”. And the project cannot even start until someone is less than 100% utilized (at least briefly). So even if all the projects are contracted for on aq time-and-materials basis, an organization can only grow if they target less than 100% utilization. There has to be at least a core team of designers/architects/developers that can start “right away”. This frees the salesperson up to say “yes” more often and to close the deals that eventually pay us all. Not being able to start gives the customer an excuse to delay the purchase; and if we are always too busy to start “now” then the customer always has that excuse.
• Wojciech Soczyński March 9, 2012, 2:22 am
I’m eager to hear some solutions for the problem that you described in this post. How do you see task and people management, to minimize context switching and maximize a developments team efficiency ?
• Matthias Bohlen March 9, 2012, 7:42 am
Thanks for this good post, Pavel. Let me add one: The law of Allen/Cunneen from queueing theory tells us that a 100% utilized server has an infinite queue in front of it. Why do we accept this for people?
Example: If I ask a person who is 80% utilized: “Could you do this for me, please?”, the person will respond “OK, yes” in 20% of the cases. In the remaining 80%, the person will put the work on hold (in a queue in his mind). Now, if I give him still more load so that he is 90% busy, and I ask him again “Could you do this for me, please?”, the person will respond “OK, yes” in only 10% of the cases. So, I will have cut his availability and spontaneity in half, only by asking him to take 10% more work load. This can make us lose business opportunities and will make people unhappy.
Allen/Cunneen tell us that queue length is less than 1 at 50% utilization. It becomes 3 at 80%, 5 at 85%, 8 at 90%, 18 at 95%, 31 at 97%, 98 at 99%. We should ask anyone who insists on high utilization: Can you afford to wait until your people have a queue of 98 things on their desks?
• Developer Dude March 9, 2012, 2:54 pm
Excellent post. Nice to see some more detail on a subject that is mentioned from time to time (context switching, etc.) and even some real world numbers and examples.
I worked several places where they tried to avoid the context switching in a number of ways:
1) They implemented 20 to 30 day sprints. The stakeholders in the projects were not allowed to interrupt the sprints with change/feature requests. The requests were put into a queue and then when the next sprint came around the request was considered and prioritized, and maybe made it into one of the upcoming sprints. It was found that by the time the next sprint came around the person making the request had taken some time to consider its importance and as often as not either changed the request or dropped it altogether.
Because the stakeholders saw real progress periodically (i.e., dev did not “go dark” for six months to a year, and progress was reported on the sprints as they ran), they did not panic about needing this, that or the other new thing in the product. Stakeholders also got the “warm and fuzzies” by seeing the progress with regards to the schedule, and also because there the shorter cycles had less risk than the longer cycles.
2) During a dev cycle (sprint or not) when devs had their heads down, non-devs were severely limited in their ability to “randomize” a dev – and that was the term used “randomize” with the connotation that it threw chaos into the dev’s workday.
Mostly a dev was given a set of tasks during a cycle and a *rough* priority and they were allowed to decide what they worked on at any given time as long as they showed progress. Sometimes I did the easy stuff first, sometimes the hard stuff first, but I usually tried the hard things first – the things that had a higher risk of failure. I also didn’t like to always tackle the tasks that took longer first, but generally did because of the risk of going past the schedule.
But I like to switch back and forth – if I am doing something hard for long enough I may get fatigued and discouraged, so I need to do something lighter, maybe more fun, then come back to the hard task. I also found that often my brain then had some time to “digest” the problem and I could come back to it with a bit fresher perspective and be more productive.
I think the goal should be higher productivity rather than higher utilization, and the members of the org should be aware of the differences. I can be more productive if I am not utilized 100% of the time.
• Nicolas March 10, 2012, 1:45 am
There are some points I would like to add:
– overallocation… or tight schedules. That the old trick a motivated worker will do more work for free trying to catch up. You don’t care context switching or whatever. The worker loose his free time, and that cost you nothing.
– people that don’t work are bored and unhappy. They distract others and they tend to make habits. They’ll work less even when you need them to work à 100%.
– It is always possible to do something to help, even marginally when you have nothing planed. Why not train yourself? Why not refactor the code? Why not help others? Why not take time to correct some known bugs?
I agree that if you plane for 100% then you are just going to be late, and deliver low quality products.
But you still want employees to work all the time (or most of the time). Even if there is nothing planed.
• Giorgio Sironi March 11, 2012, 4:18 am
I think the best formalization of this (throughput accounting vs. cost accounting) is the novel The Goal by Goldratt. An example of statement from that book: “a plant where everyone is occupied for 100% of the time is on the verge of bankruptcy.”
• BobD_Austin March 11, 2012, 8:12 am
Good catch on The Goal reference. It has changed the way I think about all kinds of service staffing issues. By the way, I am presenting a project management workshop in Krakow in April in conjunction with TMS Inspiration Days that hits on some of those topics. It is aimed primarily at the localization industry, not software development, but many of my examples are taken from s/w. Anyway, on the off chance anyone is interested, the link is here:
• Mohit March 13, 2012, 11:26 am
Hi friend, worth reading the post nicely explained. Really, we never have 100% utilization of anything at anytime. And, most importantly we should care for the quality of utilization and not for the quantity that sucks only. Same thing I used to do when creating a personal brand.
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Stewart returns for 2019
Jordan Stewart will return to the Redcar Bears next year and is confirmed as the first rider on the team sheet for 2019. Stewart made good progress in 2018 which was his debut season in the UK. The Australians return is sure to be a popular one with Bears supporters. The Bears asset is currently racing back home after returning to Australia in October and is showing impressive form.
Redcar had originally planned to unveil Stewart’s signing at their Christmas Party on December 14th, but his capture had been leaked in the Australian press recently with news of his return making its way to UK shores via social media. Promoter Jitendra Duffill added, “I felt that we had little choice other than to bring the brilliant news of his return forward as a result of his signing being leaked in the Australian press. I’m ecstatic that Jordan has decided to come back and I’d like to thank him for his loyalty to Redcar. He has a very bright future and 2019 could be a very big year for him.”
Duffill was also able to confirm that all of the final 6 riders to complete the 2019 Bears squad will be revealed on the 14th December with 5 riders having confirmed their attendance on the night. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'aa50593dcae9bf44ceeb53e35a1ba6670c6dd65aa46ae1633461311913be7f8c'} |
Reign of Winter
Through the Portal
They are not in Kanasa (Taldor) any more . . .
Sunday, Erastus (July) 21 through Starday, Erastus (July) 27, 4713 AR
This week was spent in Zimar resting and preparing for the journey through the portal.
Atsur had lodgings with his temple, while Variel was able to lodge with his wizard teacher, Eudonius Ardeth. Ajla and Zenskar found lodging in the Gnome quarter at an inn called the Dancing Sprite. Arkath and Jesserett found a decent inn called the Monk’s Rest in the city’s foreign quarter. Atsur and Variel purchased magic weapons and other minor magical gear, while Jesserett invested in a necklace of magical fireballs that she could throw. Ajla acquired some items that enhanced her spell-casting capabilities.
Sunday, Erastus (July) 28, 4713 AR
The party set out for the portal today. The weather continued to hold. Whatever enchantment the Black Rider had used on the portal was stabilizing the weather and preventing the winter from spreading.
A few miles outside of Heldren the party came across a farmer who pleaded for their help. Some type of ooze creature had come out of the Border Wood and started destroying his cattle. The party agreed to help. When they got to the farm they discovered a gray ooze that attacked them. The creature was resistant to fire and cold, but Atsur’s sword and Arkath’s eagles successfully dispatched the creature. The party then successfully made their way to Heldren where they stayed for the night and said their farewells to the villagers.
Moonday, Erastus (July) 29, 4713 AR
The party began the two day journey to the portal. There was no sign of any new creatures coming through the portal and the party successfully reached the High Sentinel Lodge where they rested for the evening.
Toilday, Erastus (July) 30, 4713 AR
The party reached the portal uneventfully as night was falling. After a brief debate, they decided to go through the portal and use the cover of darkness to their advantage. On the other side of the portal, they discovered that the geography of their new location eerily mirrored the land they had just left. There were enough subtle differences to tell the party that they had indeed been transported. Arkath, Jesserett, and Variel were able to determine that the party had arrived in Irrisen. More specifically they were in the Hoarwood Forest, which was part of the southeastern province of Irrisen, known as Hoarwood. The party found an abandoned cave (very similar to the troll cave back in Taldor) where they rested the night.
Wealday, Erastus (July) 31, 4713 AR
Jesserett used the Black Rider’s compulsion to determine which trail the party should follow. This route took them to this region’s version of the High Sentinel lodge—a dilapidated woodcutters’ hut. The party feared a trap and camped outdoors. Arkath summoned a fire elemental to heat up a rock for warmth and cooking and the night passed uneventfully.
Oathday, Arodus (August) 1, 4713 AR
The next day, the weather was beginning to worsen about midday, and Ajla predicted that a blizzard was on the way. Arkath was then able to determine that the party was near a village called Waldsby on the northeastern fringes of the Hoarwood Forest. The party trudged on, but by late afternoon it became apparent that they would not reach Waldsby ahead of the storm. They finally emerged from the forest on the main road to Waldsby and encountered a caravan that was being attacked by a giant praying mantis that had apparently come through the portal from Taldor. After the beast was dispatched (mainly by Arkath’s eagles), the caravan leader introduced herself as Nadya Petska, a local merchant and hunter from Waldsby. She was on her way back to Waldsby and knew of a place where the party could shelter from the storm.
Once safely ensconced from the storm, she inquired as to what a party of southerners was doing in Irrisen. Atsur in particular stood out as a foreigner because of his armor and mannerisms. She revealed that the local Baroness, Nazhena Vasilliovna, had kidnapped Nadya’s young daughter Thora and was holding here at the regional fortress known as the Pale Tower. Thora had apparently insulted Nazhena on her last visit to the village a little over a month ago. Nadya was returning with expensive steaks from the Realm of the Mammoth Lords in hopes of exchanging the luxury items for her daughter. Jesserett and Ajla, quickly reasoned out that Thora was the spirit of the guardian doll that the party had encountered back in Taldor. Nadya was distressed to learn that Thora may have already been killed and used as an evil guardian. She asked the party to help her storm the tower and either rescue her daughter or take vengeance on Nazhena and her followers. In turn, the party revealed their real reason for being in Irrisen—to shut down the winter portal. Nadya told them that this explained why a troll with some fey had passed through Waldsby in the past month. In addition, patrols from the Pale Tower were scouring the Hoarwood countryside looking for someone or something, which Nadya inferred was the Black Rider.
At this point, a wandering Forlarren entertainer named Mierul approached the camp seeking shelter. Although she did not radiate evil, it became clear that she was a supporter of the White Witches’ regime. She taunted Nadya about her daughter. She also took a dislike to the party, even though Nadya seemed to have successfully convinced the fey that they were mercenaries. The party passed an uncomfortable night.
Fireday, Arodus (August) 2, 4713 AR
The weather had cleared by the morning, and Mierul bid the company farewell. Nadya led the party towards Waldsby, but they encountered a swarm of ravens along the way. Nadya told the party that swarms of ravens roamed the skies of Irrisen serving as spies for the White Witches. She did not want ravens reporting the presence of strangers in the region, so she tried to hide the party under a tarpaulin. The keen-eyed ravens, however, spotted Arkath and descended to attack. Arkath was badly wounded, but luckily avoided being blinded by the foul birds. One of Nadya’s guards, a local named Bill, was not so lucky. Arkath did manage to summon an air elemental, which swept the swarm away and prevented any of them from escaping to report.
Upon reaching the village, Nadya warned the party to keep a low profile. Many of the townsfolk, while not evil, would not welcome the party. They saw any outsiders as a potential threat that would bring the wrath of the Pale Tower upon Waldsby. The party was again struck by the way this region of Irrisen mirrored the land of Taldor from which they had just come. Waldsby itself was a mirror image of Heldren, but where Heldren had been vibrant and full of life, Waldsby was dilapidated and somnolent. Ajal was shocked when she saw a gnome who looked just like her uncle. She learned that he too was a Frimbocket. Nadya took Bill to the local surgeon, a gold-toothed Dwarf named Rusilka, and then led the party to her modest abode.
At Nadya’s house the party had a warm meal and met Nadya’s two remaining sons Orm and Mjoli (ages 8 and 9 respectively) and their nanny Kashka. Orm took an immediate fascination with the Snow Elf Arkath, while Mjoli attached himself to Jesserett, whom he hoped would teach him magic. The party also discovered that the house was under the protection of diminutive fey spirit named Hatch. It seems that Hatch had lived in the Pale Tower but had been beaten and left to die after he pulled a prank on Nazhena. Nadya had come across the poor creature in the snow and nursed it back to health. Now Hatch was fiercely devoted to Nadya and her family, Jesserett and Ajla also sensed it knew more about little Thora’s kidnapping than he let on, but when pressed, he turned invisible and refused to speak with the party further.
Jesserett, Ajla, Arkath, and Variel accompanied Nadya to deliver the steaks to the local White Witch representative, and unpleasant woman named Birgit Horlova. Birgit taunted Nadya about her daughter and also insulted the party, whom she appeared to believe were simply mercenaries. The party did learn that Nazhena had been summoned to Whitethrone (the capital of Irrisen) and that the Pale Tower was temporarily under the command of Nazhena’s lover and apprentice, a Taldan expatriate named Radosek Pavril. Furthermore, the tower was staffed by a skeleton crew of guards as many were still out in the countryside (presumably searching for the Black Rider).
Meanwhile, Atsur visited the local blacksmith Iziamir Polovar, who agreed to work on his armor to make it more like Irriseni armor than armor that would be worn by a southerner. On his way back to Nadya’s, Atsur was approached by Rusilka who convinced the paladin to join him for a drink at the local tavern, the “White Weasel.” Inside, the barkeep Emil was hostile to Atsur and made it plain that outsiders were not welcomed in Waldsby. His wife Katrina was friendlier than Emil and even brewed some tea for Atsur. The paladin was suspicious, but he drank the tea anyway. It was laced with some sort of substance, but Atsur resisted the effects. When Katrina saw this, she became hostile and demanded that Atsur take his party and leave town before the White Witches found them. Atsur then returned to Nadya’s and informed the party what had happened.
Starday, Arodus (August) 3, 4713 AR
The next morning, breakfast was interrupted by a pounding of the door. Krow had warned the party of an approach by 6 guards from the Pale Tower, so they had time to hide. The guards demanded that Nadya and her mercenaries come to the White Weasel for questioning. She tried to convince the guards that the mercenaries had already left town, but they did not believe her. At this point, one of the guards spotted Variel, who bluffed that he was a fellow merchant who had been having breakfast with Nadya to discuss business. The guards let Variel go, but moved to take Nadya into custody. Jesserett then appeared and claimed to a cousin visiting Nadya from Dammartorp. The guards were confused and hustled the two women over to the inn.
Variel then met up with Arkath, Ajla, and Atsur to plan how to rescue the two women. Meanwhile, Jess and Nadya were confronted by Sergeant Volan Sertane from the Pale Tower. Emil and Katrina were there as well, along with 6 more guardsmen. He planned to turn the two women over to Radosek, but not before implementing his own extreme interrogation methods. Jesserett then pulled one of her fireball missiles and took out 5 of the 6 guards.
The rest of the party saw the front door of the inn explode and decided to move in. While they took out the 6 guards on the outside of the inn (mainly with the help of Arkath’s eagles and Variel’s sleep magic), Jess and Nadya fought Volan, Emil, Katrina, and the remaining guard. Nadya killed the guard and severely wounded Volan, while Jess battled Katrina and Emil to a standoff. At this point Atsur finally got into the inn and he and Nadya quickly dispatched Volan. Jess was wounded by a crossbow bolt from Emil and then put to sleep by Katrina. Nadya then buried her axe in Katrina’s skull, which caused Emil to surrender. Atsur, however, showed the innkeeper no mercy as a violator of the laws of hospitality to travelers. He and Nadya then carried Jess outside along with the bodies of Emil, Katrina, and Volan. The party looted the bodies, finding a few magic items and a little money. As the inn burned to the ground, the party retreated to Nadya’s cabin to plan their next move.
Into the Somir Valley
Mystery of the Black Rider
Moonday, Erastus (July) 15, 4713 AR
Tensions ran high in Heldren the previous week as the suspicious members of the Taldan Phalanx had begun to see traitors and troublemakers in every corner of the village. First, there was an active hunt for worshippers of Sarenrae, which Atsur defused with his diplomacy. Then Elvarol believed local rumors that the village wise woman Theodora was a winter witch after she miraculously healed Jake Strawn (the boy who had fallen into a creek while chasing a white stag). Elvarol and his men confronted her and were facing off against angry villagers who supported the old woman when Jesserett and Atsur stepped in and calmed things down.
The weather finally cleared and the party set off for Somir Valley. They were ambushed by Vrixx, 2 of his sprite buddies, and a spell-casting atomie as they attempted to cross Timber Creek. Atsur gained his vengeance upon Vrixx by cutting the hapless sprite in two. Arkath’s eagles were again instrumental in bringing down the annoying flying pests. The party then made it to the High Sentinel lodge where they rested for the evening.
Toilday, Erastus (July) 16, 4713 AR
The weather took a turn for the worse as a fierce storm (but not quite a blizzard) blew through the region. This allowed the party an extra day to rest and recuperate.
Wealday, Erastus (July) 17, 4713 AR
When the party reached the entrance of Somir Valley, they saw that the entire valley was socked in by a fierce blizzard. Before they could enter, however, a Moss Troll loomed out of the dimness and attacked. It had a huge magical spear and managed to wound Atsur severely before Jesserett took it out with fire attacks from her magical wand. The magical spear resized to fit any wielder, so Ajla took it as hers. The party found a magical potion that allowed users to move across rough terrain normally for a short time as well as key, some money, and a small mirror that seemed to be a receiver for scrying magic.
Once in the valley, the party got lost in the worsening weather. They were saved by Zenskar’s sharp sense of smell. They found the portal and determined that it could only be shout from the other side. The party also found the Troll’s treasure, which included stocks of food that appeared meant to feed an invading army. As the party debated what to do, a black rider with a blue shard of ice sticking out of his back came through the portal. He claimed to be Illarion Matveius, also known as Black Midnight. He was one of the three heralds of Baba Yaga that announced the Witch Queen’s return to Irrisen every 100 years. Apparently, something had gone wrong this time, as when the riders appeared on Golarion this time they were ambushed and hunted by the current queen Elvanna. Illarion told the party that Baba Yaga had suspected that some sort of treachery was afoot from her wayward daughter and she took steps to leave a path that her riders could follow in the event of Elvanna’s betrayal. Illarion had 2 keys (a lock of Frost Giant hair and a plague doctor’s mask) that were keys to taking Baba Yaga’s hut to Baba Yaga’s last known destination, but before he could get into the Hut, he was ambushed. Queen Elvanna’s agents pierced him with a magical shard of ice that was draining the rider of his essence and he would soon be dead. He fled through the portal to Taldor, hoping to find someone to take up his mantle.
Jesserett and Ajla were accepting of this story, Atsur was skeptical, and Arkath and V were noncommittal. Upon further questioning, Illarion revealed that this portal was but one of many that Elvanna had opened throughout Golarion. She planned to spread Irrisen’s unnatural winter to all of Golarion. With Baba Yaga out of the way, nothing but the three heralds stood in Elvanna’s way. The portal of Taldor was attached at its other end to a small frontier province in Irrisen known as Hoarwood. It was near a village called Waldsby. The local White Witch was named Nazhena Vasilliovna and she controlled this portal from her fortress, a place known as the White Tower.
Illarion claimed that he could pass on his mantle of power, which would be recognized by others who opposed Elvanna as well as allow entrance to and use of the Dancing Hut. This latter was Baba Yaga’s famous abode, which also served a vehicle that transported her throughout the planes. Atsur agonized over what to do, as he did not want to willingly help a powerful evil being such as Baba Yaga; failure to act, however, would possibly doom the whole world. In the end he reluctantly Illarion’s “bargain,” along with Jesserett, Ajla, and Arkath. V refused to listen to the Black Rider. The party then watched in horror as Illarion slit his throat and used his lifeblood to infuse a potent magic that granted the 4 who agreed to take up his mantle great power to find Baba Yaga, but at the same time put them under a powerful compulsion to not stop until the mission was accomplished. Ajla and Atsur gained great physical strength, while Arkath and Jesserett grew in force of personality.
The party then camped near the portal and decided to return to Heldren to report their progress. From there, they would go to the large city of Zimar to purchase equipment and resources that would help them as they eventually went through the portal into Irrisen.
Oathday, Erastus (July) 18, 4713 AR
As the party made it to the Sentinel lodge, the weather let out one last gasp with a blizzard. As the Black Rider had promised, once the blizzard abated the weather began to recede as his power shrunk the portal. This of course was only temporary. If left unchecked the portal would return to its normal size, and indeed continue to grow.
Fireday, Erastus (July) 19, 4713 AR
As you came out of the forest on your journey back to Heldren, you were delighted to see that the winter weather had lost its grip outside the forest. The interior of the forest, however, continued in its icy grip. The party arrived back in Heldren to a hero’s welcome, brining with them improving weather. You all quietly explained to Elvarol and the town leadership that this victory was only temporary. With your assurance that the party planned to hunt out the source of the portal and close it permanently, the town and Elvarol paid out their promised rewards. This along with the money from items found in the troll lair gave the party a pool of money with which to equip themselves for a foray into Irrisen. The party decided to set out for Zimar, where the selection of magical items and equipment would be better.
Starday, Erastus (July) 20, 4713 AR
Zimar was only a day’s journey to the east. Accompanied by the returning Taldan Phalanx, you did not encounter any problems on the road. The weather continued to be pleasant and the farther away from the Border Wood you went, the more it became like typical summer weather. Now you have arrived in Zimar.
Beyond the High Sentinel Lodge
Seeking out the source of winter weather
Fireday, Erastus (July) 5, 4713 AR
The weather grew noticeably cooler, evidence that the unnatural weather was spreading. Ajla and the sick bandits recovered from their illness thanks to the healing skills of Natharen Safander. Jesserett met a mysterious stranger named V and invited him to join the party’s quest to find the source of the mysterious winter weather. Meanwhile, Arkath and Atsur consulted with Village Elder Teppen about the prisoners. It was decided that the town would dispatch couriers and guards with the bandits to hand them over to justice in Zimar, while Vrixx would go with the party as a guide further into the Border Wood. The party the visited Isker at the local smithy and commissioned a masterwork great sword for Atsur. They then visited the Willowbark apothecary where they stocked up on Alchemists’ Fire. The party then retired to the Silver Stoat for the evening.
Starday, Erastus (July) 6, 4713 AR
The party set out for the Border Wood. They reached the High Sentinel Lodge without incident, nut they did notice that the winter weather was spreading beyond the borders of the forest and that the weather inside the forest was worse than before. That night, Vrixx managed to escape. The party then spent the day preparing for an ambush, but one never came. Jesserett also made the recommendation that the party create snowshoes for easier travel in the forest, which would allow them to leave their mounts safely stabled at the lodge. Ajla’s skill with leather work and Arkath’s skill at bowcraft allowed the two of them to make snowshoes for the party while they waited.
Upon crossing Timber Creek, the party was assaulted by five skeletons imbued with the unnatural cold. These creatures nearly slew V before they were taken out. The party discovered a dead body that had been savaged by the skeletons, but they could not positively identify it as either the missing farmer Dansby or the missing hunter Kepp. When V was healed enough, and after salvaging some useful items from the dead body, the party moved on. A mile or so further on, the party came upon the evidence of a skirmish between someone and a giant weasel. They found the body of the hunter Dryden Kepp and claimed 2 magical arrows from his body. At this point Ajla and V began to suffer the effects of exposure to the cold weather. Ajla had Zenskar pick up the scent of weasel, which the party followed deeper into the forest. Another mile in, the party was assaulted by sentient, evil trees that had come through the winter portal from the land of Irrisen. They were able to destroy the trees with fire before the Frost Firs did any real damage to them. The party also soon found two of Kepp’s bear traps. V was able to recover one, which he kept for future use against the weasel should the party encounter it.
The path they were following eventually led to a clearing that was blocked off by an ice maze. In the middle clearing was wooden hut that was set upon wooden stilts that looked disturbingly like chicken legs. The party was able to navigate the maze thanks to the fact that V and Varg were able to actually climb up on the ice blocks. Inside the maze, the party encountered the apparition of an Ulfen girl who was being tormented by one the White Witches. This turned out to be a clue that the maze was haunted by the spirits of many children that had been killed by the White Witches. Once the party cleared the maze, they found that the only thing in the hut was a creepy doll that strongly resembled the little girl from the maze. This doll turned out to be an evil construct animated by the spirit of the slain little girl. The spirit attempted to bewitch Atsur and taunted the party about the invincibility of the White Witches and the futility of attempting to destroy the winter portal. Once the doll was defeated, Arkath and Atsur burned down the unholy hut, freeing the souls of the haunted children in the maze. Jessereth kept the sapphire that held the soul that had animated the doll. The party then rested the night to allow Ajla and V to recover from their exposure to the cold.
Sunday, Erastus (July) 7, 4713 AR
Ajla used Druidic magic to protect herself and V from any further cold exposure going forward. The weather was definitely getting worse. About a mile further from the hut, Zenskar alerted the party that they had finally found the weasel, allowing V to lay out his bear trap. The fierce creature was easily dispatched thanks to the ambush. As the party approached the entrance to Somir Valley, they were assaulted by an Ice Mephit and a small air elemental. This mephit was the same creature that Arkath’s eagles had followed when it fled the lodge during the party’s first foray into the forest. These two creatures were a challenge for the party, actually slaying Varg, but Arkath’s eagles and V’s clever use of his cloak brought the mephit to the ground, where Atsur slew the creature. The party was forced to turn back here, as Ajla and Arkath sensed a coming blizzard. The party was barely able to make it back to town before the blizzard hit.
Moonday, Erastus (July) 8 through Sunday Erastus (July) 14, 4713 AR
When the party arrived back in Heldren they found a detachment of 50 of the Taldan Phalanx (an arm of Taldor’s military) had arrived from Zimar in response to the rumors of the strange weather. They were commanded by a knight-sergeant named Elvarol Sandin. He was pleased that member of the Church of Abadar was in charge of the investigation and offered the party 500 Gp each to find and close the winter portal once this blizzard passed. He also used Taldan funds to buy the following items from the villagers and put them at the party’s disposal:
An Arrow Magnet
A Ring of Force Shield
A Wand or Magic Weapon
A Wand of Scorching Ray
A Scroll with a Sleep spell on it
The blizzard lasted a week, allowing the party time to recover and plan their assault upon Somir Valley, where presumably the winter portal was.
Winter Weather, Bandits, and a Missing Noblewoman
The Adventure Begins
Moonday, Erastus (July) 1, 4713 AR
The party met with the Heldren Town Council to discuss the recent appearance of a pocket of wintry weather in the nearby Border Wood. Local farmers have reported thefts and vandalism of their property by strange wintry creatures and bandits, and several who have gone into the woods to investigate have not returned. Ominously, there has been no word from the nearby High Sentinel rangers. In addition, a Taldan noblewoman named Argentea Malassene was taken captive by this strange coalition as her party passed through the region. The party agrees to this task.
Toilday, Erastus (July) 2, 4713 AR
The party reached the ambush site. They were attacked by 2 zombies who were left behind. They found some minor treasure and Ajla’s wolf, Zenskar, was able to track Lady Argentea by scent. As they went into the Border Wood, the party bypassed a trap left by the raiders and ran into a Tatzylworm (a type of dragon), which savaged Zenskar, but the wolf survived. They then ran into some winter-touched sprites. After a tough fight, one got away and the party had to camp.
Wealday, Erastus (July) 3, 4713 AR
As the party progressed farther into the Border Wood, they came across a talking stag. Jesserett and Atsur were able to figure out that this was a deception being triggered by an evil winter-touched atomie. The atomie tried to convince the party to leave the forest, but the party killed it and its pet stag.
The party continued on, where they eventually came to Wishbone Creek, which was frozen over. The path across was guarded by a magically-trapped snowman, which Jesserett disarmed with her Mage Hand spell. Setting off the trap summoned the guardians of the crossing, 2 small ice elementals, which the party defeated with little effort.
Further up the trail, the party was able to ambush 3 bandits who were working for Rohkar. Ajla used her Entangle spell to immobilize the bandits. Under the tenets of his faith Atsur executed 2 of the bandits. The remaining bandit told a tale of how Rohkar’s raiders had joined forces with the evil fey creatures. The captive also revealed that this unusual coalition was behind the kidnapping of Lady Argentea. He also revealed that the bandit lair was at a hunting lodge about 2 miles further south. Atsur was forced to let the captive go because he had given his word, but Arkath and Ajla arranged for Varg, Arkath’s eidolon to execute the bandit as he left. Varg discovered a shallow grave nearby where the bandits had buried 3 of Lady Argentea’s serving maids, which Ajla and Arkath felt justified Arkath’s use of Varg as an agent of justice. The party then camped until nightfall to heal up and plan their nighttime assault on the lair.
The plan was executed to perfection once the party arrived. Jesserett tripped an alarm, while Ajla flung open the lodge doors and Arkath let loose a swarm of summoned eagles. They easily dispatched 5 minion bandits and then took out the Rohkar and a half-orc mercenary named Ten-Penny Tacey. This fight was also fairly easy, although Zenskar was almost killed by a brutal sneak attack from the half-orc.
A search of the lodge revealed some treasure and some sick bandits, who seemed to have developed a horrible disease that caused tremors and fatigue. This disease seemed to have been imported by the winter weather. Lady Argentea was found in the basement and was grateful for her rescue. The party also recovered 3 light war horses. They also learned that Rohkar was a worshipper of Norgorber, god of greed, lies, and poison and that he had sacrificed the 5 High Sentinel rangers to his dark god and taken over the lodge as headquarters for his bandits. They also found a captured winter-touched sprite named Vrixx, whom they questioned. It seemed that Rohkar’s band had been forced into servants by the masters of the evil fey, but Vriss would not speak of his masters because their winter magic would kill him. Before the party left, Arkath’s eagles spotted some type of fey creature flying off deeper into the forest. It seemed that there were darker powers behind the winter weather and Lady Argentea’s kidnapping lurking deeper in the forest.
When the party arrived back in town, they learned that today was the day of the Archerfeast in Heldren, a holiday to celebrate Erastil. The festivities included a series archery competitions, livestock trading, and courtship of eligible women.
Oathday, Erastus (July) 4, 4713 AR
After resting the night, the party collected their rewards and distributed the various equipment and magic items they had found. They delivered the 4 bandits and Vrixx over to the town council, who would meet that evening to decide what to do with the prisoners. As evening approached, Ajla came down with the mysterious illness known as the Chillbane Shakes.
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When you live in a small city or town in Wyoming, you feel a
responsibility to build up businesses, create jobs and increase opportunities
for everyone.
When you succeed,
just about everyone benefits. It is a very good feeling.
After working
in economic development for 48 years, though, sometimes the thought of going to
more meetings can make you a little bit weary.
When I asked
John Davis of Worland what he thought about the recent news stories about how
Idaho was the fastest growing state and Wyoming was the slowest, he replied:
“An interesting discussion, but one that feels like déjà vu all over
again. This has been a recurring situation all of my life.”
John and I are
about the same age and, yes, it does seem like we have been trying to build our
communities our entire adult life.
And, yet, we
plod along.
This column is
part 2 of an earlier discussion about Idaho and Wyoming compare. Here are some
comments from folks around the state:
Foundation CEO Patrick Henderson of
Sheridan weighs in: “When I first graduated from college – I moved to Pocatello,
Idaho. Nice community – friendly folks, diverse economy, lots of outdoor
recreation and a great college. I have
family that lives in Boise, both in the education field with Boise State.
“One thought is that Idaho is just
a lot warmer to live in than Wyoming and has very little wind.
“Idaho
has lots to offer with fishing, skiing, hunting and climbing opportunities. Idaho
is attractive, but I still prefer my Wyoming!”
One of the best-informed (and
highly-opinionated) guys around is economist Jonathan Schechter of Jackson, who
bemoans Wyoming’s worship of King Coal and finds it similar to the country’s
worship of “King Trump.” He says: “Put more succinctly, Wyoming is putting a
profound amount of energy into denying two basic realities: market forces and
scientifically-grounded truth. The former is especially ironic given our
alleged embrace of said forces.
Schechter continues: “This is
essentially the same phenomenon as is occurring nationally, and in both cases
the process is abetted by an utterly credulous media, which lacks the
intelligence, imagination, courage, and/or ability to act in ways that would enlighten
its audience. In that sense, the media is little more than a fixed part
of the Kabuki dance Wyoming`s legislature is leading, where the script and all
roles are completely rote, leaving no room for change, initiative, or the
like. Switching metaphors, an Emperor`s New Clothes phenomenon.”
Retired
teacher Dennis Coelho of Cheyenne says: “I grew up in southwestern Idaho, on my
grandfather’s homestead, about thirty miles south of Nampa. I have been
living in Cheyenne for almost forty years, and I have often thought of
comparisons between our fair state and our neighbor to the west.
“I know that recently a similar
essay comparing the states has received national recognition.
“I think a comparison has to start
with geography and geology. My grandfather’s farm was at 2,200 feet,
while here it is 4,000 feet higher. Southern Idaho is a-slosh in
water. While grandfather’s place was on the Snake River, The actual water
was in a canyon 400 feet below and useless for farming in our area. Most
of southwestern Idaho draws irrigation from a dam on the Boise River, a project
started around 1900 and the impetus for settlement in the area.
“When I was a lad, circa mid
fifties, Boise was about the size that Cheyenne is now, i.e. about 50,000
people. Tree lined streets and quiet avenues filled with craftsman
houses.
“The Boise area really began to
grow when a couple of tech companies, Micron for example, made a commitment to
build factories and research centers in the area. To some extent, they
chose Boise because there was a two-year college with ambitions to become a
full university, since the state university was in a very inconvenient setting
several hundred miles north in Moscow, where it dominates a small town,
difficult to get to at any time but especially so in winter.
“The economic spark started by Micron is still
growing as more and more people come to the Boise area. Real estate booms,
housing values and development increase. The demographics show solid
growth in that 20-40 age group similar to that in Ft. Collins.
“No arguing with the impacts of energy
development in Wyoming, but Idaho has had its own industrial impacts and
problems especially in the hard rock gold and silver mining areas in the northern
part of the state.
Coelho concludes: “The thing I like
most about Boise is the river running through the city. Wish we had that. But I
am not moving.”
Sunday, January 21, 2018
1804 - Torrington and Lusk are nice Wyoming towns
My recent tour of eastern Wyoming has been among the most
fun experiences of a near half-century in the state.
Nestled
between Devils Tower on the north end and Laramie Peak on the south end and the
rugged hills and buttes of western South Dakota and Nebraska, is a very special
place, stretching from up north to Hulett down to Pine Bluffs on the south. One
of our recent trips involved two wonderful towns, Torrington and Lusk.
It is hard to
find a small city in Wyoming that is more diversified that Torrington.
It has a
thriving Ag community including a big sugar mill plus a community college plus
a large home for children and the state’s medium security prison.
One the town’s
biggest annual events is the 2-Shot Goose Hunt and we were there for the annual
victory banquet Saturday, Dec. 9.
Gov. Matt Mead
was the biggest celebrity at the event, which he told me he enjoys very
much.Former Gov. Dave Freudenthal also
competed this year.And future governor
wanna-be Mark Gordon (our current state treasurer) also competed.
Hunters
compete in teams of two. One year Gov. Mead and his wife Carol were a
team.They camped out in their blind and
saw nary a bird. Mead later quipped at the banquet that night that they had
nothing else to do, so they repeated their marriage vows.
Bob Mayor gave
us a tour of the St. Joseph’s Children’s Home, which was started as an
orphanage some 87 years ago. Today, they serve young boys and girls who usually
are sent to the home by the courts. They usually stay about six months.
The home is
impressive.Its grounds are beautiful
and it has a solemn, beautiful chapel.Its museum is one of the more distinctive in the state.The home was founded by Bishop Patrick
McGovern of Cheyenne.
Our friends
Bryan and Donna Cay Heinz showed us around the area, including some fantastic
old homes.These old homes had crow’s
nests on the roofs where presumably you could watch for hostile Indians or just
check on things for quite a distance.
It was fun
visiting the Torrington Telegram and
meeting publisher Rob Mortimore and Editor Andrew Brosig.I have too much ink in my blood not to just
love the smells and sounds of the local newspaper.And the Telegram
is a darned good one.
The 2-Shot and
other events were held in some of the impressive County Fair buildings.Hard to imagine a town as small as Torrington
having an indoor arena of such size. They host national roping events and you
can see why. It is both enormous and impressive.
Another big
thing in this small town is the Torrington Livestock Exchange. It is one of
three biggest livestock auction barns in the country.Hard to imagine the number of cows that go
through that place each year.
Eastern
Wyoming College is going through a building boom, which we saw courtesy of one
of the students.President Leslie Lanham
Travers is a Lander native, whom I had watched growing up in my town.John Hansen, the director of institutional
development, has a number of impressive projects underway.
The college is all-in when it comes to the trades with a
massive welding teaching complex and an ample cosmetology facility.
As a student
of Wyoming history, it has always been easy to assume that the only major
railroad in the state is the Union Pacific, which runs across the southern tier
of counties.
But the
eastern side of the state was literally also built of towns nestled next to the
railroad, which includes Torrington, Lusk, Newcastle and onward north.
Our friends
Gene and Carol Kupke of Lusk hosted us during our visit to that town.Enjoyed seeing sites like the new overpass,
which was washed out by a flood not that long ago.
For a quarter
of a century, my wife Nancy and I owned a newspaper in Winner, S. D. and often
drove through Lusk on U. S. 20 on our way there from Lander.Always liked the town and always stayed at
the Covered Wagon. They have a terrific little newspaper, which is capably
managed by Lori Himes.
During my
stops in eastern Wyoming we also visited Jeff Rose at the Rose Brothers
Implement Store in Lingle.Last time I
saw him, he was climbing Devils Tower with his daughter.Now he is talking about climbing Gannett
Peak.Good luck on that!
Tuesday, January 9, 2018
1803 - Never forget Leslie Blythe
In her own words, Leslie Blythe could see a time into the
future when she would gather with a few of her girl friends, all of whom were
now over 100 years old, and they would sip cocktails at 4 p.m. Her drink of choice
would naturally be a Cosmopolitan.
All four gals
would be accompanied by their service dogs, which, not unexpectedly, were
Golden Retrievers.
She always
touted her Cosmo because it featured cranberry juice, which contains
antioxidants and prolongs life.
And who could
argue with her peek into the future? Leslie Blythe was a strong, lively young
woman when we had this conversation last year.She was in tip-top shape.She literally
had more friends than anyone anywhere. There is no non-politician in Wyoming who
could match her Rolodex.
Leslie died
from complications of the flu at the age of 58 on Jan. 5 at the Casper hospital.She was ubiquitous.She was the Energizer Bunny. She was a force
of nature. And I am finding it impossible to believe she is really gone.
I met Leslie when she took her
first media job as an intern at our newspaper in Lander.She was probably about 21 and worked with
some well-known Wyoming journalists such as Bruce McCormack (retired Cody
Enterprise publisher) and Milton Ontiveroz of the University of Wyoming’s
publications department.
She graduated
from UW and ended up working with media but doing it primarily through Pacific
Power, which morphed into Rocky Mountain Power. She had a 30-year career and
celebrated that anniversary with delight.
On her
Facebook page back on Dec. 1, she marveled that she had worked for the same
company for so long: “Thirty years ago today, I was blessed to embark on an
amazing journey with a great company. Fresh out of graduate school and just a
pup, I joined the ‘CY Avenue’ gang Dick Brown, Bob Tarantola, Bert Leonard,
Carl Ertler, Debbie Roman, Bill Miller, Bill Edwards, Linda Eckes Evans, Mary
Karantzas, Jane Drake, Jane Chatman, ‘Baughman,’ Ivan Bassart and so many
other wonderful co-workers throughout this state and elsewhere at what was then
called Pacific Power. So many fabulous opportunities over the years, and so
many remarkable adventures these past three decades.
“I feel
fortunate every day to call Rocky Mountain Power my home thank you! And, the
best part is being a member of this team. All the phenomenal people with whom
I`ve had the pleasure to work, as well as all the friends I`ve made over the
years in this great state and elsewhere. Thirty years! Don`t they go by in a
blink! Here`s to many more!”
Leslie and I always
stayed in touch and in recent years we were the two Wyoming representatives on
the Mountain West AAA board.She had a
huge impact on that group and represented Wyoming AAA members well.
It was at one
of our meetings in March 2017 when she got the news that her godson, Aidan
McCroskey, had died.Poor Leslie was
inconsolable. We all felt so helpless, as we tried to help her get through this
tragedy. Now, we are the ones who are inconsolable.
We will be celebrating her life at
a service this summer.
I cannot write
about Leslie without mentioning her love of Golden Retrievers, of which she and
her husband Mark Wilkinson were breeders of champions. They loved those dogs. She
was a champion showman and an officer in the national organization.
Leslie had a
great sense of humor. Her last Facebook post was a funny mention Dec. 30 when
the Quick Lane in Casper, which has a time and temperature sign, showed a
temperature of minus 196. “OK, I don`t want to hear any whining about the ‘cold
weather’ where you live try Casper Wyoming today! Certainly hope this is a sign malfunction, but
I wouldn`t be surprised if not, it`s so cold.”
But the post
that brought tears to my eyes came from her husband who wrote Jan. 5:“This is from Mark. My heart is breaking
knowing I have to inform you of my wife`s passing. Thank you all for the best
wishes and prayers over the past couple of days. Leslie was friend to all and I
know it may seem crass to post here, but I would rather you hear from the
horse`s mouth. Leslie knew so many people that I can`t make all those calls. I
will miss you my love, my wife, my friend.”
Monday, January 8, 2018
1802 - Tater heads outpacing Wyoming?
Far be it for me to refer to Wyoming as a
“hole,” but that was the unique position our state held during the worst bust
in its history.
During
the 1980s and 1990s, our state languished as the rest of the Rocky Mountain
states thrived.The syndrome was
referred to as “the donut hole.” The states around Wyoming make up the donut
and our state, located in the middle, being the “hole.”
This economic situation was blamed on our
state’s singular reliance on energy commodities, leading to countless calls for
Wyoming to diversify.These other states
all grew during those decades while our state lost jobs and state revenues
plummeted. Our economy was stagnant. There were few successes.This was also the time when a chunk of our working
middle class gave up and headed to more friendly economic climes.
The Democratic Party took a hit during
this time as a lot of union members left.The Democrats never really recovered from that exodus, but that is
another story for another time.
Following
that bust, we boomed from 2002 to 2014 as coal surged and oil and gas boomed. I
recall, in 2013, a long-time banker in Casper saying our economy was the best
he had ever seen – perhaps the best ever. But it did not last long.Now the state has fallen into a near-bust situation,
which was graphically pointed out in a widely circulated article in the Washington Post recently.
That
article stated that Idaho was the fastest-growing state in the country in 2017
and Wyoming was the slowest, finishing last. This prompted pundits and
concerned citizens alike to question what we were doing wrong and what on earth
were our neighboring potato-heads doing that was right?
The
numbers, in reality, were not spectacular.Idaho grew 2.2 percent and Wyoming dropped 1.0 percent. When ranked
against the other states and District of Columbia, we looked terrible and Idaho
looks brilliant.
I
emailed this story to some of the smartest people in the state and here are
some of their replies:
“1.
Idaho has a busy cityBoiseas state capital, good airport, university in
downtown area and several Fortune 500 companies and strong corporate giving. Boise
downtown has vibrancy and that has been a steady progression over past 30
years; Coeur d’Alene is their Jackson, but not to our scale. Nearby Spokane
feeds it and nearby lakes provide recreation and tourism year round. An
impressive inclusiveness reach from Boise to the rest of the state.”
“2.
A steady Ag base due to Snake River irrigationpotato farming
“3. In the panhandle there is great
scenery, skiing in winter and hiking/boating in the summer, along with big
spender income in Coeur d`Alene.
“4.
Less severe weather. You don`t hear about interstate closures like Interstate 80
here. Boise gets about 60 days more milder weather than Cheyenne.
Former long-time Wyomingite Bart Smith,
who is currently publisher of the Greeley
Tribune, says: “It’s no surprise that resource-dependent states ride that wave up and
down and have for many, many years. I’m sure a few years ago as oil
boomed and coal was strong that Wyoming was one of the fastest growing states
and all politicians took credit.
“I guess my main thought is this is nothing new at all — it has been
the case for decades, and a Washington
Post writer just now discovered it. That’s my take anyway!”
Cody Beers of Riverton says: “Having just driven through Idaho going to and from the Idaho
Potato Bowl, this story hit the media during the trip.
“Bottom line, our economy is very reliant
on minerals, and Idaho is much closer to the West Coast and Utah. Boise has had
large numbers of people move in from California, and this has occurred in the
northwest corner of the state, too. It`s cold (here) in the winter and the wind
blows, too.
“We spent time with friends in Pocatello.
They like Wyoming, but they love Idaho. Utah is close, and the other reasons
(health care, shopping, etc.).
“I`ve
lived here my whole life, and the people I talk to about Wyoming love coming
here to visit. They just don`t think Wyoming has much to offer, such as
shopping, hospitals, restaurants, etc. Borrowing from the movie Wind River, Wyoming is ‘the land of no
backup.’”
(This ends part 1 on this serious topic.
Check this space soon for part 2.)
Tuesday, January 2, 2018
1801 - The gem of the Wyoming Black Hills
During the past five years, we have made an effort to visit just
about every city and town in Wyoming. We have given talks and been involved
with other authors in book signings.
Lately, I had
not been having very good luck with Wyoming roads, but back on Nov. 30, the
roads were as dry as mid-summer all the way on our 306-mile, one-way journey to
Newcastle.
We drove by
Teapot Dome north of Casper and recalled how this massive oil field was the source
of one of the biggest scandals in American political history.Author Laton McCartney of Dubois wrote an
informative book about that scandal a few years ago. Ironically, the pending
scandal called Uranium One is located about 30 minutes from that site,
according to Tom Lubnau, Gillette.
The towns of
Midwest, Edgerton and Wright are along a route that takes you from Interstate
25 over to Highway 59.The imposing
Pumpkin Buttes loom to the north. The buttes is an area that I have always
wanted to explore.
You head east from Wright and go
through the massive Thunder Basin coalmine complex.If coal is dying, it does not look like it there.
Later, we met
members of the Wright family, who have a big ranch in the area. The town was
named for them.
We passed through the vast Thunder
Basin National Grassland.One rancher
told me three Triceratops fossilized skeletons have been found on their
ranch.That particular critter is the
official state dinosaur for Wyoming.
Newcastle knows
how to celebrate Christmas. They staged a big downtown celebration on Dec. 1,
which was topped off by the 15th annual Pinnacle Bank Festival of Trees.
The senior center was jammed full with people of good cheer, raising money to
charities.
Newcastle
appears to me to be a successful mix of folks from all different kinds of
employment persuasions. Some are coal miners who are bused daily to the Thunder
Basin mine.I ran into former Landerite
Paul Piana, who now works there. Paul is one of the state’s premier mountain
climbers. His wife Deb is mayor of Newcastle.
There is a big
oil refinery in the middle of the Weston County seat that is running at
capacity.Coal trains pass through the
town all day long.
The coolest
building in the town (and one of the most unique in the state) is the county
courthouse.You have to see it to
believe it.It was recently refurbished.It, alone, is worth a trip to Newcastle.
Newcastle is
nestled in the Wyoming Black Hills and is just eight miles from South Dakota.Tourism appears to be a huge opportunity for
growth.
There are big
ranches in the area and an abundance of oil and gas wells.Folks appear to be doing well, although some
business people complained the economy has tightened up in recent years. The
town has a new motel under construction.
My host was
local publisher Bob Bonnar of the News
Letter Journal.He is very energetic
about promoting the town.
Bob is a
former president of the Wyoming Press Association, and he has worked hard for
years pushing newspaper interests across the state. Not sure he has received
the credit he is due for his hard work.
Bob had also lined
me up to talk about Wyoming history with 49 fourth graders on Nov. 1, which was
so much fun.Our future is in good hands
if all young people are as energetic and anxious to learn as that bunch.
Newcastle is
one of Wyoming’s oldest towns.It
originally was a coal-mining hub, hence the name Newcastle, which is the name
of one of Great Britain’s greatest coal mining regions.
Their Wyoming
coal was in an area called Cambria, which was mined back in 1889, before
Wyoming became a state.
One of the early train masters for the CB&Q railroad
at Cambria was a chap by the name of Carl Kugland; he worked there from
1895-1903, and later became a Weston County commissioner, mayor of Newcastle,
and owned an insurance agency there.
He has two granddaughters who live in Wyoming, Jean Denham,
Cheyenne and Kate Brown, Wheatland. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'bf095b648ee8b986fee27252c3c3268040fa352e857b66137b1f43bedb67d016'} |
Open Warfare, 1996
What do you choose to ride if you need to be in Denver tomorrow?
If you need a bike that will travel highway miles, but still leave a smile on your face in the twisties, and leave everyone else in the weeds? The choice may be far more difficult than you'd think. We gathered together the top open class sport bikes for a hunt through the canyons and freeways. Our quarry? That elusive best bike.
This time, the answer may surprise you. So we're going to leave it 'till the end, just to keep you on your toes.
Sixth Place: Buell S2 Thunderbolt
What on earth is that doing here? Some testers questioned the Buell's inclusion in the test. After all, every other motorcycle here has four cylinders and a whole lot more power. So, right there you have the primary reason for the Buell being at the bottom of the heap. But we felt that the made-in-America motorcycle (the only one in the test) would stand comparison with the rest of the superbikes, and in some situations, it does. On a twisty road, the torquey Buell will stay with the pack. When the road straightens out, however, the Buell is left flailing far behind as the four-cylinders head for the horizon.
Fifth Place: Triumph Daytona 1200
Biggest bike in the test, the Daytona is also one of the newest, having been around in the States only a year or so. We've been over Triumph's recent history before (and so has everyone in the print magazine business), so let's just say that history does not repeat itself. The new Triumphs boast high standards of quality control and Japanese standards of reliability. Triumph's styling is second to none. The Daytona stood out of the crowd wherever we parked, largely because of its brilliant buttercup-yellow paint scheme. Combined with the satin black of most engine parts and ancillaries, the effect was striking. If you don't like attention, don't buy a Yellow Daytona! (They are, sources say, available in basic black for the shrinking violets out there.)
We wish it handled and performed as well as it looked: Unfortunately, hampered by the same frame as the rest of the range, the Daytona promises more than it puts out. The adjustable rear suspension just didn't have enough adjustment to handle a sport bike pace. Cranking up the rebound damping to the max still didn't quell the wobbles through the bends that the FZR and the GSXR sailed through (the Daytona still stayed ahead of the ZX11, though). The steel, spine type frame felt strong enough, but even after five model years in Europe and new suspension units for '96, Triumph have yet to solve the suspension equation on this, their flagship sportbike.
Given the biggest engine in the test, the Daytona had a size advantage over the opposition that didn't make the transition to the streets. The Triumph uses a marriage of Japanese and European technology, and unsurprisingly the Japanese aren't about to share their latest, state of the art information with the Brit competitors. Triumph engine designers, we are told, were guided by British car-racing specialists Cosworth. Pistons and rods are balanced to the nearest gram. The four cylinder motor runs two balance shafts. Yet vibration levels are on par with Honda's CBR, higher than the FZR and the GSXR.
Another area where appearance promises more than the Triumph delivers is the brakes. The twin front discs run out of handlebar lever travel all too soon. Compared to the razor-sharp stoppers of the FZR and the GSXR, the Daytona's brakes feel decidely second rate, in spite of the steel-braided hoses that now come standard. We were informed by an insider that the Triumph suffers from caliper piston o-rings that are too thick and cause the pistons to return too far into their bore. This explains the need for an extra pull on the lever. The riding position suits taller riders best; it's a long reach across the tank to the bars. Compounding the problem, the Daytona's seat is simply too far off the ground for smaller riders: Those of less than five and a half feet stature need not apply. For the rider who must have style before anything, the Daytona is the one. For ultimate performance, check it off the list.
Fourth Place: Honda CBR1000R
Honda's biggest CBR is at the other end of the sport bike scale from the seminal CBR900RR, a bike only a few cc's smaller, but radically different. Where the RR screams 'racetrack', the CBR 1000 mutters 'road'. While the RR stops insurance brokers in mid sales pitch, the CBR 1000 gets sensible rates. When the RR pilot has to stop to massage his aching neck, the CBR rider passes, still comfortable on the all-day seat. The CBR rider also has the benefit of Honda's linked braking system, which takes some of the sting out of panic stops for novice riders, although what novice riders are doing on a CBR baffles us.
You don't put on miles by going fast for ten minutes, then stopping for twenty. The aim of the comfortable ergonomics of the CBR, the subtle but stylish graphics and the effective (but heavy) combined braking system is to attract the non-squid. Honda's big sporty is aimed securely at the mature sport rider. The kind of guy who knows that to get there, you have to put on the miles.
Underneath the CBR's all-encompassing bodywork lies a thoroughly sensible, conventional, double overhead camshaft four cylinder motor. One of the smallest engines in the test, it displaces 998cc, makes do with four valves per cylinder, is of course liquid cooled, and sports a relatively modest 10.8:1 compression ratio. Nothing, in other words, that will set the world on fire. Compared to the magnesium and other exotic materials used in the Suzuki, the Honda's bill of fare is pedestrian. It did however come with near-perfect jetting, a rare commodity in new motorcycles these days. Only one other bike in this test didn't have a lean surge or off-idle hesitation. The CBR's motor tied with the Triumph for intrusive engine vibration though. Conventional forks with 41mm tubes keep the front 17 incher away from the steering head at a conservative 27 degree angle. The frame, unseen under the plastic, is of steel, as is the swing arm.
Most radical part of the CBR's make up is the linked braking system, which operates through an involved hydraulic network that's about as complicated as Tokyo's subway system, but makes just as much sense and is just as efficient in conveying a vast mass of motorcycle from speed to stasis. At slow speeds, however, the over-zealous brakes make gentle stops difficult.
If all the above sounds uninspired... 100% guilty. The CBR is boringly familiar, undramatically capable of transporting rider, luggage and passenger too in relative comfort over large areas of the country, preferably the corrugated bits.
It's been around for years, it's reliable, has an effective turn of speed, but unfortunately an almost total lack of charisma. Get off at a rest stop, and sometimes it's difficult to remember how you got there. If this is the kind of relentless reliability you need, go for it. It's a middle of the road, middle class motorcycle, so we'll score it more or less in the middle of the pack.
Third Place: Suzuki GSXR 1100
All engineering is a compromise. Tell that to the GSXR rider. There's little compromise about this machine. It's an out and out big-bore sport bike, with little thought of comfort. Or so it would seem until you actually ride the Gixer over large expanses of blacktop. For the average human, the seat is broad and flat, the footpegs, though high, are reasonably well placed, and the clip-on style bars stretch the torso just enough, yet not so much as to cramp into cro-magnon position. As long as you don't attempt several hundred consecutive miles of straight interstate, the GSXR is a competent enough sport tourer, especially with a well-filled tankbag to rest your torso on. It's on those twisty bits between the interstates though, that the GSXR 1100 excels. Point this weapon at a succession of curves, and what follows is pure adrenaline.
The biggest Gisxer has been around since 1986, and through a massive number of changes since then, including the change to liquid cooling (with associated weight gain) a couple of seasons ago. The perimeter frame is still around, and starting to show its age: Likely it'll follow the GSXR 750 model and change to a twin spar design soon. But it still works quite well enough, thank you. Suzuki beefed up the chassis and lowered the weight of the 1100 last year, while adding some of the best brakes around. Magnesium parts abound, but no effort was spared in the braking department. The twin six-piston calipers give awesome braking, and superb street feedback when combined with the Dunlop D202 radial tires. One finger braking from 100 mph is easy, and feels safe and secure.
Handling is razor-sharp. The 43mm inverted forks are suitably massive, yet are lighter than the 41mm units that preceded them. A nudge on the bars to tell the bike where to go, and you're there. In the twistiest of canyon roads the 1100 won't pull away from a well-ridden 600, but once those corners open up, it'll pull away from just about anything, excepting a well ridden FZR 1000. Suspension is fully adjustable, front and rear, and we found ourselves fiddling with the adjusters quite a bit, to get the optimum settings, which varied from rider to rider. Another item on the engineers to-do list last year was to broaden the power band. Substantial changes to the cam timing and ignition yielded bigger horsepower numbers in the mid-range, between 5-10,000 rpm. The real world range, you could call it.
One retrograde step was the fitting of a squid sensor in the gearbox. This little device retards the ignition above 6,000 rpm in first gear, preventing squid-identifying powerband-induced loops. Sources tell us it can be overriden, restoring all the lost power in first. We're not allowed to tell you, however that disabling the offending device is as easy as disconnecting the red wire from a two-wire connector behind the right side panel. Though last year's changes did result in 10mm lower footpegs, the ergonomics are still definitely on the sporting side. In other words, long distance rides are only for those with strong wrist, forearm and neck muscles, or those that want to develop them.
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The New York Mets optioned struggling right-hander Zack Wheeler to Triple-A Las Vegas on Saturday.
"They just pulled me in, like everybody else, and told me, 'You're going to Triple-A,'" Wheeler told reporters Saturday. "You take it kind of hard, because you're so used to being up here. It gives me a chance to go down there and just fine-tune some things and work on some things I need to work on to get back up here and be consistent.
"I really haven't proven myself this spring, so I sort of saw it coming, but I was hoping that it wouldn't. ... I really haven't done that much to help my cause."
With Jason Vargas possibly starting the season on the disabled list with a hand injury, Wheeler was contending for the No. 5 spot in the rotation, which likely will go to Seth Lugo, as well as a bullpen spot.
Vargas, who suffered a nondisplaced fracture of the hamate bone in his right hand last week, told reporters Saturday that he went to the emergency room Friday after a bad reaction to prescribed painkillers. His bullpen session was pushed back a day.
Wheeler threw 58 pitches in his last spring appearance Thursday, allowing five runs (three earned) on seven hits with three strikeouts. Lugo, meanwhile, pitched four scoreless innings.
In five spring outings, Wheeler has given up nine earned runs in 10 innings, striking out 14.
He was 3-7 with a 5.21 ERA in 17 starts for the Mets in 2017, with 81 strikeouts and 40 walks.
"It was very difficult," manager Mickey Callaway said in Jupiter, Florida, where the Mets lost to the St. Louis Cardinals 8-7 in an exhibition game. "I think that Wheeler's got a lot to offer the team. I think that we all feel -- I think even Wheeler feels -- that there's some things to work on. In my mind he needs to get out there and pitch consistently and I think being in the Triple-A rotation will allow him to do that." | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e2d33025644fbfbf9b1326448445c2d756431e013f9786cb0ff0c66ced54ea8f'} |
Acute hip pain and inability to ambulate: a rare presentation for perirectal abscess.
A patient with acute hip pain out of proportion to physical findings and inability to weight bear despite negative plain films warrants further in-depth evaluation. Correctly diagnosing the cause of hip pain, a common emergency department (ED) complaint, may be a challenge in the geriatric population (Perron A, Miller M, Brady W. Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: radiographically occult hip fracture. Am J Emerg Med 2002; 20: 234-7; Cannon J, Silvestri S, Munro M. Imaging choices in occult hip fracture. J Emerg Med 2009; 37: 144-52; Kiu A, Khan S. Radiology of acute hip and femoral injuries. Br J Hosp Med (London) 2010; 71: M22-M24; Zacher J, Gursche A. Regional musculoskeletal conditions: hip pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2003; 17: 71-85). A perirectal abscess as a cause of acute hip pain and inability to ambulate, with gluteus muscle inflammation but no evidence for bone or joint infection, has not been described, to the authors' knowledge. An 82-year-old woman with a history of diabetes, previously ambulatory, presented to the ED after being found on her apartment floor by a visiting health aide, complaining of acute pain in her left hip. Pain was exacerbated by palpation and range of motion testing, and she was unable to bear weight. There was no report of fever, rectal or abdominal pain, bleeding, or painful defecation. Plain films were negative for fracture or lytic lesion. Computerized tomography (CT) of the hip and pelvis was then obtained, which was negative for boney abnormality but revealed a 5-cm ischiorectal abscess with inflammation of the adjacent gluteus muscle. This case illustrates the potentially subtle nature of a deep perirectal abscess in an elderly patient. The CT imaging, useful for investigating the possibility of occult femoral neck fracture, was fortuitous in leading to the diagnosis. One must consider the possibility of visceral processes causing referred pain, when evaluating the patient with an acutely painful hip (Perron A, Miller M, Brady W. Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: radiographically occult hip fracture. Am J Emerg Med 2002; 20: 234-7; Zacher J, Gursche A. Regional musculoskeletal conditions: hip pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2003; 17: 71-85). | mini_pile | {'original_id': '4dbb9888b2cd3188a411e65e357eedec45d085a7e8ecc1f80b8de0ff21b61ef2'} |
UN declares tango part of world cultural heritage
The United Nations has declared the sultry tango dance steps of Argentina and Uruguay part of the world's "intangible cultural heritage", UNESCO said on Wednesday.
The United Nations cultural organisation is holding a meeting of 400 experts in the Gulf state of Abu Dhabi to agree on a list of world arts and traditions that should be safeguarded for humanity.
Developed in working class city dance halls in the cities of Buenos Aires and Montevideo, tango is a deep-rooted tradition of dance, poetry and singing that is seen worldwide as the symbol of Latin romantic passion.
Argentina and Uruguay jointly submitted the "symbolic universe" of tango for addition to UNESCO's list of cultural treasures. It was the first of 76 submissions examined and approved by the Abu Dhabi meeting.
Tango culture is intimately bound up with the history of the Rio de la Plata, which separates the two countries, and the melting pot of communities who settled in the river basin in the second half of the 19th century.
"Among this mix of European immigrants to the region, descendants of African slaves and the natives of the region known as criollos, a wide range of customs, beliefs and rituals were merged and transformed into a distinctive cultural identity," says a note on UNESCO's website.
Argentina's embassy in Abu Dhabi welcomed UNESCO decision's to declare "the deepest and most vibrant expression of Rio de la Plata" a global treasure.
"Tango conquered a long time ago a universal transcendence," it said in a statement.
The History of Tango
The origins of Tango are obscure. There are many theories, each with its passionate advocates, but ultimately it is impossible to discover the facts because the records don't exist. Tango sprang from the poor and the disadvantaged, in tenement blocks and on street corners, amongst people whose lives usually leave little trace in the history books. Nevertheless, we owe a great debt to the many dancers and musicians who gave shape to the Tango, though we shall never know their names.
The earliest evidence of 'tangos' being sung on stage in Buenos Aires comes from the mid Nineteenth Century (though if we could hear them today, we probably wouldn't recognise them as what we would call Tango). Tango bands at that time would often be made up of flute, violin and guitar, or tangos might be played on a solo piano in the brothels and cabarets.
The oldest tango which is still in the repertoire of Tango orchestras was written by Rosendo Mendizabal, a pianist working in a club, and was named, after one of their regular clients who came from the province called Entre Rios, El Entrerriano. The tango was written in the 1890s.
Soon after this the first sound recordings of Tango started to appear, performed by everything from a singer accompanying himself on the guitar to a municipal brass band, as well as pianola rolls which can still be played. These early recordings have a very Spanish feel, and lack some of the key influences that formed the Tango we know today.
The first great tango was written around 1905 by Angel Villoldo, one of those singers with a guitar. It was El Choclo, one of the two tunes that almost everyone will instantly recognise as Tango. Villoldo wrote many influential tangos, and his tunes are still played regularly today. He is the first great Tango artist that we can name and know a few facts about. Interestingly, he wrote El Choclo as a comedy song which he performed himself - choclo means literally corn-cob, but he was using it in a less literal and more bawdy sense. Villoldo's words quickly fell out of use, and were replaced in the 1940s by a lyric proclaiming grandly that with this tango the Tango was born.
Around the turn of the Century massive European immigration brought huge numbers of Italians to Buenos Aires, a great many of them from Naples. (In Lunfardo, the dialect of Buenos Aires, the word for Italian is tano, shortened from neapolitano, Neapolitan.) They brought with them a more lyrical style of violin playing, and the melodic influence of Neapolitan song, a key factor in the melodic beauty characteristic of Tango.
Soon afterwards, probably around 1910, the bandoneón, the emblematic instrument of the Tango, arrived in Buenos Aires, perhaps brought by German immigrants or sailors. The bandoneón was invented, probably in Germany, possibly in France, and produced in Germany, as a cheap substitute for a church organ in poorer communities. A large accordion-like instrument, the bandoneón is possibly the hardest instrument in the world to learn to play, having two button keyboards, each with no obvious relationship in the placing of notes, and each having the notes placed differently depending on whether the keyboards are going in or out. But no other instrument sounds like the bandoneón, and, once past the hurdle of learning where the notes actually are on the keyboard, bandoneonistas can create the most extraordinary, hauntingly beautiful sounds.
By 1912 Tango had its first real recording star, Juan Maglio, "Pacho", a bandoneonista, recording with flute, violin and guitar. His success in Buenos Aires was huge, and the position of the bandoneón as Tango's key instrument was confirmed.
A driving force in the development of Tango music had always been the dance, and around this time it was the dance that introduced the music to the world. Young men of good Argentine families (and Argentina was one of the richest countries in the world) would be sent to Europe to study, or to do the Grand Tour. Some of these young men, not surprisingly, had spent many happy hours in the brothels, clubs and places of ill repute in Buenos Aires, where they had learned to dance the Tango. Polite society in Paris saw the dance for the first time and fell in love, and very soon the whole of Europe was whipped by a furious Tangomania. 1913 was the year of the Tango. The impact back in Buenos Aires was profound. To the elite, Tango had been something that they chose not to associate themselves with, in public at least. Now Tango could move from the tradesman's entrance to the front door, and into the salons of the wealthy.
The lyrics of Tango had generally been humorous, like those Villoldo had written for El Choclo, and often portrayed Buenos Aires street life. In 1915 Pascual Contursi wrote a lyric called Mi Noche Triste for an existing tune, and in 1917 it was recorded by Carlos Gardel. Gardel was already a famous folk singer, working in the duo Gardel-Razzano, and folk music was the most popular musical form in Buenos Aires at the turn of the Century. Whether Contursi had intended his lyric seriously or ironically is open to debate, but Gardel sang the story of the abandoned lover with passion and pain, as though he meant every word. The triumph was immense. Tragic love became the backbone of the Tango repertoire, and the Tango became universal. Gardel himself went on to become a huge icon throughout the whole Spanish speaking world. His rags to riches story - the illegitimate son of an impoverished French immigrant who became a superstar - his warm personality, his compositional talent, his tragic death in a plane crash at the age of 44, and, of course, his glorious voice, made him one of the world's great popular heroes, and an enduring symbol of Buenos Aires.
In 1916 Roberto Firpo, pianist, leader of the most successful Tango band of this period, and creator of the standard Tango sextet - two bandoneones, two violins, piano and double bass - heard a march by a young Uruguayan called Gerardo Mattos Rodriguez, and decided to arrange it as a tango. The result was the most famous tango of all time, La Cumparsita. Later Pascual Contursi added lyrics, a story of lost love, which were recorded by Gardel, but the tune itself has been recorded by almost every Tango orchestra in every style, and is, the world over, the symbol of Tango.
The early Tango musicians had for the most part been self-taught. In the 1920s classically trained musicians began playing the Tango, the most successful and influential of them being violinist Julio De Caro. His brilliant orchestra, including in the late 1920s and early 1930s the gloriously gifted bandoneonista Pedro Laurenz, introduced a new complexity and elegance to the music, slowing the pace a little, and making it less popular with the dancers of the time.
Then in 1935 came Juan D'Arienzo and Rodolfo Biagi. D'Arienzo was a violinist, but not a very good one, who by 1935 had given up playing himself in favour of directing his orchestra, something for which he had far more talent, having both excellent taste and tremendous style as a showman. With pianist Rodolfo Biagi, he created a quicker style, with a characteristic 'electric' rhythm which dancers found completely irresistible. Although the more academic Tango lovers were shocked by what they saw as a lack of subtlety and musical innovation in the D'Arienzo-Biagi style (De Caro apparently said in 1935 that their success wouldn't last the summer, something for which D'Arienzo never forgave him), dancers loved it, and flocked back to the dancefloors. The new 'electric' rhythm was hugely influential, with everyone, even De Caro, speeding up the tempo in the late 1930s.
1935 is seen as the beginning of the Golden Age of Tango, and the next decade was one of astounding creativity on every front. The dance matured into one of the most beautiful couple dances the world has ever seen, a subtle, heady blend of sex and chess. Composers, arrangers, lyricists and singers all hit new heights. There were more great orchestras than one could count, such as those led by Anibal Troilo, Carlos Di Sarli, Miguel Caló, Lucio Demare, Alfredo De Angelis or Osvaldo Pugliese. It was the period in the Tango's history when all the branches of this extraordinary art were most closely integrated, and each spurred the other on to ever more stunning achievements.
In the late 1940s the music and the dancing began to separate again, as musicians began to be interested in playing for a concert audience, or for records and radio programmes designed to be listened to rather than danced to. Singers, too, who were becoming stars in films and on records, wanted to be freed of the rhythmic constraints imposed by the requirement to please dancers. For a while the two schools existed side by side.
But is 1955 the coup that ousted Perón brought a very different political climate, which was to hit the Tango hard. The nationalistic Peronist government had encouraged Argentine music, for example by putting quotas on the amount of foreign music allowed to be played on the radio. The new regime, instantly suspicious of anything that was determinedly Argentine, because it implied nationalism and therefore Perón, discouraged Tango, and encouraged the importation of music from abroad, bringing Rock and Roll and the new world youth culture to the young of Buenos Aires. Also, bans on meetings of more than three people, for fear of political agitation, made public dances dificult, and the dancing went underground. Tango moved in a few years from a mass movement involving a huge proportion of the population of Buenos Aires, to a persecuted fringe activity, with many great artists being blacklisted or imprisoned for their Peronist connections.
In 1950 a brilliant young bandoneonista called Astor Piazzolla left Buenos Aires to go to Paris to study classical composition with Nadia Boulanger. Although born in Argentina, he had been taken to the United States as a small child. He came to Buenos Aires as a teenager and began playing in the orchestra of Anibal Troilo, doing there some wonderful arrangements, before forming his own orchestra in 1946. Surrounded by such musical riches, he realised that it would be hard to have the success that he wanted by staying within the Tango tradition. Taking elements of Tango, elements of the Jazz that he had heard as a child in the States, and classical ideas, Piazzolla created what he called Tango Nuevo, New Tango. Determined that his music should be listened to rather than danced to, Piazzolla made the jazzy rhythms very different from what the dancers were expecting.
When Piazzolla's Tango Nuevo was first heard in Buenos Aires it caused outrage, with many people saying that it so far from the tradition as not to be Tango at all. But the cross fertilisation with North American and European forms created something accessible and appealing to people not brought up with the Tango tradition, and Piazzolla's huge success in the rest of the world softened opinion at home. Musicians and stage dancers both found the freer rhythms appealing, and with the near disappearance of the social dancers, new Tango music mostly followed Piazzolla's lead.
The fall of the military junta in Argentina in 1983 and the phenomenal success throughout the world of the hit show Tango Argentino, premiered the same year, thrust Tango back into the spotlight, catching both musicians and dancers unawares. Hastily thrown together Tango shows sprang up in Buenos Aires, and began to follow Tango Argentino around the world. Young people, keen once again to reassert their Argentine-ness, wanted to learn to dance the Tango, and began trying to piece the dance back together as best they could. Dances that had been operating underground came back into the open, and people who hadn't danced for twenty five or thirty years gradually began to dance again.
The new interest in the dance created a demand for the Tango music of the Golden Age, which began to be re-released, first on cassette, then on cd. A twenty-four hour Tango radio station, FM Tango, was opened, followed by a cable station, Solo Tango. A new generation of dancers and musicians, brought up with Tango Nuevo, or without Tango at all, are starting to rediscover the tradition. Most recent recordings are still heavily influenced by Piazzolla, but some younger musicians are realising that a large part of their audience in the future will be people who have come to Tango through the dance, and are looking to the Golden Age for inspiration.
This is still an early stage in the renaissance of the Tango. The future will certainly hold a new synthesis, new directions and new riches.
For the history of Tango Dance, visit history-of-tango.com
Or get a more complete Story of Tango Music
Popular Posts | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '50', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9726727604866028}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '393229', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6SOVGIM5N4DFAIM5TJ4VGOQLVANIGUJK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d8653c61-9c5b-4e9e-bf55-329210ffe7d4>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 16, 14, 35, 7), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.15.97', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PLMVAC72UDLMOC2KU47QUYVYCA7JPRGZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2a592aba-0fec-4e56-b6f8-fa9be4fc89cd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://silviaterigi.blogspot.com/2009/10/un-declares-tango-part-of-world.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d7b7d770-d5e7-472e-9831-4f4b683b8779>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2438', 'url': 'https://silviaterigi.blogspot.com/2009/10/un-declares-tango-part-of-world.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-17.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.13108408451080322', 'original_id': '76550c5b17656f98e35f045accacba7d3e49af30b4b10875178f221d4eae0331'} |
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.carbondata.spark.testsuite.secondaryindex
import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.SparkPlan
import org.apache.spark.sql.secondaryindex.joins.BroadCastSIFilterPushJoin
object TestSecondaryIndexUtils {
/**
* Method to check whether the filter is push down to SI table or not
*
* @param sparkPlan
* @return
*/
def isFilterPushedDownToSI(sparkPlan: SparkPlan): Boolean = {
var isValidPlan = false
sparkPlan.transform {
case broadCastSIFilterPushDown: BroadCastSIFilterPushJoin =>
isValidPlan = true
broadCastSIFilterPushDown
}
isValidPlan
}
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '11bf3610ca8fafdd3804bdb9c0cf1912c188255e308b5cd54893e6aed9e7ae9c'} |
Increasingly, people are collaborating around the globe on a variety of media, including presentations, documents, videos, graphs and photographs. Generally, large flat panel displays in a conference room are an excellent source to view media including Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentations. Additionally, some furniture may include touch screen input devices so users can view video directly on the surface of a table top. Often such large items are very expensive and provide limited support for collaboration between users in remote locations. Individuals would benefit from being able to break free from these restrictions and gain a big screen virtual or augmented reality experience that is shared between both co-located users and remote users. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b4a8991d9f5c0ecd9d92722fc19e7bfbd3395f07ab68c78195d6d5928d0445b9'} |
Top 5 Reasons You May Get Divorced
Money impacts every part of your life, especially your marriage. Issues surrounding income, marital debt, and spending habits, can cause major headaches. A strong marriage needs to have a solid foundation, and having the same money goals as your spouse is a crucial part of that foundation.
It should come as no surprise that infidelity is a common reason why couples get divorced. Extramarital affairs put a lot of stress on a relationship, and destroy the trust couples have for each other. Divorce papers often follow an affair.
Not being able to communicate well with your spouse can lead to divorce. Constant disagreements and bickering can lead to miscommunication- or a breakdown of communication all together. This can create a lot of tension in your relationship.
Addiction often results divorce, and we’re not just talking about substance abuse problems. Addiction can manifest in a variety of ways, including in your work, and in your desire to maintain a certain image or lifestyle. Some addictions are so strong that they become the focal point of your relationship, and will lead to divorce.
Sometimes, regardless of how much your love your spouse, the two of you just aren’t compatible. While this is unfortunate, it is common. Differences surround religion, the desire to start a family, or where you want to live, can result in a marital breakdown. Getting divorced because of incompatibility doesn’t mean you don’t love your spouse. It just means that the two of you care enough about the other to let them have a chance at true happiness.
Hiring a family law attorney to represent you during a divorce is always recommended. Retaining a lawyer has tremendous benefits, regardless of the reason why you want to file for divorce. Because of how complicated the process is, and it is far too risky to try to represent yourself.
The law firm of Brian D. Perskin & Associates P.C. has helped thousands of New Yorkers navigate their divorce and family law cases. We strongly believe that knowledge is power, especially when it comes to divorce. This is why our attorneys off free, no obligation, consultations for all NYC residents. Call us at 718-875-7584 to speak to one of our dedicated professionals today!
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StatisticsReview of New York Divorce Attorney | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '119', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9387773871421814}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '86792', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PR6CZ4K4QXIFB5NRG55SAWKSUGLERT3F', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:626a96c1-86e5-4af3-8566-3fb0063c4bed>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 23, 18, 33, 20), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.25.39.118', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7JCKVCOPE626EOXJOEV4FK5QQ3OQPJFG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a5d1aca1-f672-4d1d-8365-ba3f22678890>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.newyorkdivorceattorney.com/get-divorced/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:de0d3c63-3759-423c-8911-307e9b5c92b2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '536', 'url': 'https://www.newyorkdivorceattorney.com/get-divorced/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-145-232-247.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0241243839263916', 'original_id': '2054eb4436a29d63033ae3e1b5584fb1d3f6a7087662e2e6b77e1d1c5185d041'} |
Original Card Games by David Parlett
Nav to sitemap
Players 2 Cards 52+Jokers Type Arithmetical
This one calls for a few more arithmetical contortions.
52 plus (optionally) 2 or 4 Jokers. Deal seven cards each and stack the rest face down. Each card has a counting value, which is its face value multiplied by its suit value. The face values are Ace = 1, Two = 2, and so on up to Ten 10, Jack 11, Queen 12, King 13. The suit values are spade = 1, heart = 2, club = 3, diamond = 4. Thus the lowest card is spadeA = 1 and the highest diamondK = 52. Jokers count zero and belong to no suit.
To bring the current value of all cards played to exactly 100, or, if the count exceeds 100, to some higher multiple of 10 (110, 120 etc). As a matter of interest, the shortest possible game is when the leader plays diamondK and the follower diamondQ, as the two highest cards in the pack total 100 exactly.
Starting with non-dealer, you each in turn play a card face up to the table and announce the total counting value of all cards so far played (as at Cribbage). Stop when the count reaches exactly 100 or some higher multiple of 10. Alternatively, of course, stop when you run out of cards. Whether or not you are allowed to add a Joker when an exact multiple of 10 is reached is for the players to agree between them. Personally, I'm against it.
For making 100 Illustrated example
The first player wins with a score of 6
exactly score 1 per card played to the display. For any higher count, deduct 1 point for each 10 in excess of 100. In the illustrated example the first player brings the count to 130 on the ninth card, thus scoring 6 (9 for cards minus 3 for excess tens). If all 14 cards are played without reaching a multiple of 10, neither player scores but the score for the following deal is doubled. If it happens again it is trebled, then quadrupled, and so on.
Play up to any agreed target score. A convenient method is to start with a pool of 21 or 31 counters and take one for each point you score. The winner is the player with most counters when the last has been taken. Each new deal is made from a thoroughly shuffled reconstituted pack. Alternatively, remove from the game the cards that have been played, replenish each hand up to seven cards again, and continue until not enough cards remain in stock.
Optional extra
You may agree that first card you each play from your hand of seven must be the highest-valued card you hold. If you hold two or more of equally highest value you may chose freely. This rule gets the game up and running more quickly, but its main point is to add to the skill factor by giving you each some information about your opponent's hand. Both started with their highest cards in the illustrated example. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9370317459106444}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '6653', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5ZBTF6NF265T4I54OOMYDZ55NNHD6HBE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:484f1eb3-ac9a-41b5-ba30-4d84239e7194>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 19, 22, 31, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.92.216.36', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:A3A65UJGESN7HWH3ZY4NJJMV2QW44XPD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5699bb25-6caa-41c4-9ac7-34e069b520bf>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.parlettgames.uk/oricards/centurion.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:13a4aff8-a2c8-4a8d-8671-28d32faf70b6>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '515', 'url': 'https://www.parlettgames.uk/oricards/centurion.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-140-252-72.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.4022822380065918', 'original_id': '4565f06c8400fda88f93d43d3063e2ca3b562490a5f4cf4fc5d97f8b048299b9'} |
/* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include "apr_strings.h"
#include "apr_portable.h"
#include "apr_user.h"
#include "apr_private.h"
#if APR_HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
#include <sys/types.h>
#endif
APR_DECLARE(apr_status_t) apr_gid_get(apr_gid_t *gid,
const char *groupname, apr_pool_t *p)
{
SID_NAME_USE sidtype;
char anydomain[256];
char *domain;
DWORD sidlen = 0;
DWORD domlen = sizeof(anydomain);
DWORD rv;
char *pos;
if ((pos = strchr(groupname, '/'))) {
domain = apr_pstrmemdup(p, groupname, pos - groupname);
groupname = pos + 1;
}
else if ((pos = strchr(groupname, '\\'))) {
domain = apr_pstrmemdup(p, groupname, pos - groupname);
groupname = pos + 1;
}
else {
domain = NULL;
}
/* Get nothing on the first pass ... need to size the sid buffer
*/
rv = LookupAccountName(domain, groupname, domain, &sidlen,
anydomain, &domlen, &sidtype);
if (sidlen) {
/* Give it back on the second pass
*/
*gid = apr_palloc(p, sidlen);
domlen = sizeof(anydomain);
rv = LookupAccountName(domain, groupname, *gid, &sidlen,
anydomain, &domlen, &sidtype);
}
if (!sidlen || !rv) {
return apr_get_os_error();
}
return APR_SUCCESS;
}
APR_DECLARE(apr_status_t) apr_gid_name_get(char **groupname, apr_gid_t groupid, apr_pool_t *p)
{
SID_NAME_USE type;
char name[MAX_PATH], domain[MAX_PATH];
DWORD cbname = sizeof(name), cbdomain = sizeof(domain);
if (!groupid)
return APR_EINVAL;
if (!LookupAccountSid(NULL, groupid, name, &cbname, domain, &cbdomain, &type))
return apr_get_os_error();
if (type != SidTypeGroup && type != SidTypeWellKnownGroup
&& type != SidTypeAlias)
return APR_EINVAL;
*groupname = apr_pstrdup(p, name);
return APR_SUCCESS;
}
APR_DECLARE(apr_status_t) apr_gid_compare(apr_gid_t left, apr_gid_t right)
{
if (!left || !right)
return APR_EINVAL;
if (!IsValidSid(left) || !IsValidSid(right))
return APR_EINVAL;
if (!EqualSid(left, right))
return APR_EMISMATCH;
return APR_SUCCESS;
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/apache/apr/blob/master/user/win32/groupinfo.c', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'BSD-4-Clause-UC, LicenseRef-scancode-rsa-md4, Zlib, Beerware, RSA-MD, LicenseRef-scancode-rsa-1990, BSD-4-Clause, ISC, LicenseRef-scancode-other-permissive, Apache-2.0, LicenseRef-scancode-public-domain, LicenseRef-scancode-generic-export-compliance', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': 'apr', 'creator': 'apache', 'language': 'C', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '357', 'token_count': '968', '__index_level_0__': '4303', 'original_id': '829a2db03324376d6d436242469fa4c1af250042b5705caf371bfbda9cd860d8'} |
The next step is to use bit hierarchy key 120, which can be stored in read only memory 64 to reorder the 22 bits. The bit hierarchy key 120 can be any ordering of. the 22 bits. For example, the bit hierarchy key might be:
L₈ C₃ . . . T₂ C₂ T₁ C₁ L₁ D₅ D₄ D₃ D₂ D₁ 22 21 . . . 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Ideally the bit hierarchy key is ordered so that programs most likely to be the subject of timer preprogramming would have a low value binary number, which would eliminate keystrokes for timer preprogramming the most popular programs. Since all the date information has equal priority, then the D₅ D₄ D₃ D₂ D₁ bits are first. Next T₁ C₁ L₁ are used, because for whatever date it is necessary to have a time channel and length and T₁ C₁ L₁ are the most probable in each case due to the ordering of the priority vectors in priority vector storage 122. The next bit in the hierarchy key is determined by the differential probabilities of the various combinations. One must know the probabilities of all the channels, times and lengths for this calculation to be performed.
For example, the probability for channels may be:
channel 4 7 2 3 5 6 11 13 . . . priority 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 . . . probability (%) 5 4.3 4 3 2.9 2.1 2 1.8 . . . The probabilities for times might be:
time 6:30 pm 7:00 pm 8:00 pm 7:30 pm . . . priority 0 1 2 3 . . . probability (%) 8 7.8 6 5 . . . And, the probabilities for lengths might be:
length of program (hours) 0.5 1.0 2.0 1.5 3.0 . . . priority 0 1 2 3 4 . . . probability (%) 50 20 15 5 4 . ..
The probabilities associated with each channel, time and length, as illustrated above, are used to determine the proper ordering. Since the priority vector tables are already ordered by the most popular channel, time, and length, the order in which to select between the various binary bits for one table, for example selecting between the C₇ C₆ C₅ C₄ C₃ C₂ C₁ bits, is already known. The C₁ bit would be selected first because as the lowest order binary bit it would select between the first two entries in the channel priority table. Then the C₂ bit would be selected and so on. Similarly, the T₁ and L₁ bits would be used before any of the other time and length bits. A combination of the C₁, T₁, L₁ and D₅ D₄ D₃ D₂ D₁ bits should be used first, so that all the information is available for a channel, date, time and length. The D₅ D₄ D₃ D₂ D₁ bits are all used because the date bits all have equal priority and all are needed to specify a date even if some of the bits are binary zero.
At this point the bit hierarchy key could be:
- - T₁ C₁ L₁ D₅ D₄ D₃ D₂ D₁ The first channel binary bit C₁ by itself can only select between 2¹=2 channels, and the first two channels have a probability percent of 5 and 4.3, respectively. So the differential probability of C₁ is 9.3. Similarly, the differential probability of T₁ is 8+7.8=15.8, and the differential probability of L₁ is 50+20=70. If the rules for ordering the bit hierarchy key are strictly followed, then the first 8 bits of the bit hierarchy key should be ordered as: - T₁ L₁ D₁ D₄ D₃ D₂ D₁, because L₁ has the highest differential priority so it should be next most significant bit after D₅, followed by T₁ as the next most significant bit, and then C₁ as the next most significant bit. Notice that the bit hierarchy key starts with the least significant bit D₁, and then is filled in with the highest differential probability bits. This is for the purpose of constructing the most compact codes for popular programs.
The question at this point in the encoding process is what should the next most significant bit in the hierarchy key be: T₂, C₂, or L₂. This is again determined by the differential probabilities, which can be calculated from the above tables for each bit. Since we are dealing with binary bits, the C₂ in combination with C₁ selects between 2²=4 channels or 2 more channels over C₁ alone. The differential probability for C₂ is then the additional probabilities of these two additional channels and for the example this is: 4+3=7. In a similar manner C₃ in combination with C₁ and C₂ selects between 2³=8 more channels over the combination of C₁ and C₂. So the differential probability of C₃ is the additional probabilities of these four additional channels and for the example this is: 2.9+2.1+2+1.8=8.8. In a similar manner, the differential probabilities of T₂ and L₂ can be calculated to be 6+5=11 and 15+5=20, respectively. Once all the differential probabilities are calculated, the next step is determining which combinations of bits are more probable.
Now for the above example, which combination is more probable: T₂ with C₁ L₁, or C₂ with T₁ L₁, or L₂ with T₁ C₁. This will determine the next bit in the key. So, which is greater: 11×9.3×70=7161; 7×15.8×70=7742; or 20×15.8×9.3=2938.8? In this case the combination with the greatest probability is 7×15.8×70=7742, which corresponds to C₂ with T₁ L₁. So, C₂ is selected as the next bit in the bit hierarchy key.
The next bit is selected in the same way. Which combination is more probable: C₃ with T₁ L₁, or T₂ with C₁ or C₂ and L₁, or L₂ with C₁ or C₂ and T₁. For the example shown, which has the greatest probability: 8.8×15.8×70=9732.8; 11×(9.3+7)×70=12551; or 20×(9.3+7)×15.8=5150.8? In this case the combination with the greatest probability is 11×(9.3+7)×70=12551, which corresponds to T₂ with C₁ or C₂ and L₁. So, T₂ is selected as the next bit in the bit hierarchy key. This procedure is repeated for all the differential probabilities until the entire key is found.
Alternately, the bit hierarchy key can be just some arbitrary sequence of the bits. It is also possible to make the priority vectors interdependent, such as making the length priority vector dependent on different groups of channels. Another technique is to make the bit hierarchy key 120 and the priority vector tables 122, a function of clock 42, as shown in FIG. 7. This makes it very difficult for the key and therefore the coding technique to be duplicated or copied.
For example it is possible to scramble the date bits in the bit hierarchy key 120 as a function of the clock. Changing the order of the bits as a function of the clock would not change the effectiveness of the bit hierarchy key in reducing the number of binary bits for the most popular programs, because the date bits all are of equal priority. This could be as simple as switching the D₁ and D₅ bits periodically, such as every day or week. Thus the bit hierarchy key 120 would switch between
. . . C₁ T₁ L₁ D₅ D₄ D₃ D₂ D₁ and . . . C₁ T₁ L₁ D₁ D₄ D₃ D₂ D₅. Clearly other permutations of the bit hierarchy key as a function of the clock are possible.
The priority vector tables could also be scrambled as a function of the clock. For example, the first two channels in the priority channel table could just be swapped periodically. If this technique is followed, then the C_(p) of 148 in FIG. 7 would change as a function of the clock 42. For example,
channel 4 7 2 3 5 6 11 13 . . . priority 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 . . . would change periodically to:
channel 7 4 2 3 5 6 11 13 . . . priority 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 . ..
This would be a fairly subtle security technique, because a decoder that was otherwise correct would only fail if those first two channels were being used. Other clock dependencies are also possible to provide security for the coding technique.
However it is derived, the bit hierarchy key 120 is determined and stored. In step 154 the binary bits of C_(p), D_(p), T_(p), L_(p) are rearranged according to the bit hierarchy key 120 to create one 22 bit binary number. Then the resulting 22 bit binary number is converted to decimal in the convert binary number to decimal G-code step 156. The result is G-code 158.
If the priority vector and the bit hierarchy key are well matched to the viewing habits of the general population, then it is expected that the more popular programs would require no more than 3 or 4 digits for the G-code.
Now that the encoding technique has been explained the decoding technique is just reversing the coding technique. This is done according to the flow chart of FIG. 6. This is the preferred G-code decoding that can be built into G-code decoder 38 in VCR 14 or the remote controller G-code decoders 82 and 92 in FIGS. 3 and 5.
The first step 102 is to enter G-code 104. Next the G-code 104 is converted to a 22 bit binary number in step 106. Then the bits are reordered in step 108 according to the bit hierarchy key 120 to obtain the reordered bits 110. Then the bits are grouped together and converted to decimal form in step 112. At this point we obtain C_(p), D_(p), T_(p), L_(p) data 114, which are the indices to the priority vector tables. For the above example, we would have at this step the vector 4 9 1 3. This C_(p), D_(p), T_(p), L_(p) data 114 is then used in step 116 to look up channel, date, time, and length in priority vector storage 122. The CDTL 118 for the example above is 5 10 19.00 1.5, which means channel 5, 10th day of the month, 7:00 PM, and 1.5 hours in length.
If the coding technique is a function of the clock then it is also necessary to make the decoding technique a function of the clock. It is possible to make the bit hierarchy key 120 and the priority vector tables 122, a function of clock 42, as shown in FIG. 6. This again makes it very difficult for the key and therefore the coding technique to be duplicated or copied. It is also possible to have the decoding and encoding techniques dependent on any other predetermined or preprogrammable algorithm.
Although the above G-code encoding and decoding technique is a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that there are many ways to perform the intent of the invention which is to reduce the number of keystrokes required for timer preprogramming. To accomplish this goal there are many ways to perform the G-code encoding and decoding. There are also many ways to make the encoding and decoding technique more secure besides just making the encoding and decoding a function of the clock. This security can be the result of any predetermined or preprogrammed algorithm.
It is possible in the G-code coding and decoding techniques to use mixed radix number systems instead of binary numbers. For example, suppose that there are only 35 channels, which would require 6 binary bits to be represented; however, 6 binary bits can represent 64 channels, because 2⁶=64. The result is that in a binary number system there are 29 unnecessary positions. This can have the effect of possibly making a particular G-code longer than it really needs to be. A mixed radix number system can avoid this result. For example, for the case of 35 channels, a mixed radix number system with the factors of 7¹ and 5⁰ can represent 35 combinations without any empty space in the code. The allowed numbers for the 7¹ factor are 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The allowed numbers for the 5⁰ factor are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. For example, digital 0 is represented in the mixed radix number system as 00. The digital number 34 is represented in the mixed radix number system as 46, because 4*7¹+6*5⁰=34. The major advantage of a mixed radix number system is in prioritizing the hierarchy key. If the first 5 channels have about equal priority and the next 30 are also about equal, then the mixed radix number system allows the two tiers to be accurately represented. This is not to say that a mixed radix number system is necessarily preferable. Binary numbers are easier to represent in a computer and use of a fixed radix number system such as binary numbers allows a pyramid of prioritization to be easily represented in the hierarchy key.
Another feature that is desirable in all of the embodiments is the capability to key in the G-code once for a program and then have the resulting CDTL information used daily or weekly. Ordinarily the CDTL information is discarded once it is used. In the case of daily or weekly recording of the same program, the CDTI, information is stored and used until it is cancelled. The desire to repeat the program daily or weekly can be performed by having a “WEEKLY” or “DAILY” button on the remote controller or built into the VCR manual controls. Another way is to use one key, such as the PROG key and push it multiple times within a certain period of time such as twice to specify daily or thrice to specify weekly. For example, if the G-code switch is “ON” and the G-code for the desired program is 99 then daily recording of the program can be selected by the following keystrokes:
“PROG 99 DAILY PROG”
or by:
“PROG 99 PROG PROG”.
The G-code 99 would be converted to CDTL information, which would be stored and used daily in this case. The recording would begin on the date specified and continue daily after that using the same channel time and length information. A slight twist is that daily recording could be automatically suspended during the weekends, because most daily programs are different on Saturday and Sunday.
Once a daily or weekly program is set up, then it can be used indefinitely. If it is desired to cancel a program and if there is a “CANCEL” button on the remote controller or manual control for the VCR, then one way to cancel a program (whether it is a normal CDTL, daily or weekly entry) is to key in the following:
“PROG xx CANCEL”, where xx is the G-code.
Again as before there are alternate ways of accomplishing this.
If “on screen programming” is available, then the programs that have been selected for timer preprogramming could be reviewed on the screen. The daily and weekly programs would have an indication of their type. Also the G-codes could be displayed along with the corresponding CDTL information. This would make it quite easy to review the current “menu” and either add more programs or cancel programs as desired.
A television calendar 200 according to this invention is illustrated in FIG. 8. As shown, the television calendar has multiple day of year sections 202, multiple day sections 204, multiple time of day sections 206, channel identifiers 208, and descriptive program identifiers 210, including the name of the program, arranged in a manner that is common in television guide publications. Arranged in relation to each channel identifier is a compressed code indication 212 or G-code containing the channel, date, time and length information for that entry in the television calendar. FIG. 8 shows how easy it is to perform timer programming. All one needs to do is find the program one wants to watch and enter the compressed code shown in the compressed code indication. This is in contrast to having to deal with all the channel, date, time and length entries separately. At least the channel, date and time are explicitly stated in the television guide. The length is usually only available by searching the guide to find the time of day section 206 where a new program begins and then performing some arithmetic to find the length of the program. Using the compressed G-code avoids all these complications.
For cable television programs, there is an additional issue that needs to be addressed for the compressed G-code to be useful. In a normal television guide, CDTL information is available for all the normal broadcast channels in the form of numbers including the channel numbers, such as channel 4 or 7. However, for cable channels like HBO, ESPN etc., only the names of the channels are provided in most television listings. The reason for this is that in some metropolitan areas, such as Los Angeles, there may be only one (1) edition of television guide, but there may be quite a few cable carriers, each of which may assign HBO or ESPN to different cable channel numbers. In order for a compressed code such as the G-code to be applicable to the cable channels as published by a wide area television guide publication, the following approach can be used.
First, all the cable channels would be permanently assigned a unique number, which would be valid across the nation. For example, we could assign ESPN to cable channel 1, HBO as cable channel 2, SHO as cable channel 3, etc. This assignment would be published by the television guide publications.
The video cassette recorder apparatus, such as the remote controller, the VCR unit or both, could then be provided with two (2) extra modes: “set” and “cable channel”. One way of providing the user interface to these modes would be to provide two (2) extra buttons: one called SET and one called CABLE CHANNEL. The buttons could be located on the video cassette recorder unit itself or located on a remote controller, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5, where SET is element 168 and CABLE CHANNEL is element 170. Of course, other user interfaces are possible.
Next, the television viewer would have to go through a one-time “setting” procedure of his VCR for all the cable channels that he would likely watch. This “setting” procedure would relate each of the assigned numbers for each cable channel to the channel number of the local cable carrier. For example, suppose that the local cable carrier uses channel 6 for ESPN, then cable channel number 1 could be assigned to ESPN, as shown in the following table.
Assigned Cable Channel Cable Chan. Channel Number in Name No. the local cable carrier ESPN 1 6 HBO 2 24 SHO 3 23 . . . . . . . . . DIS 8 25 The user could perform the “setting” procedure by pushing the buttons on his remote controller as follows:
SET 06 CABLE CHANNEL 1 PROGRAM
SET 24 CABLE CHANNEL 2 PROGRAM
SET 23 CABLE CHANNEL 3 PROGRAM
SET 25 CABLE CHANNEL 8 PROGRAM
The “setting” procedure would create a cable channel address table 162, which would be loaded into RAM 52 of command controller 36. For the above example, the cable channel address table 162 would have the following information.
CABLE CHANNEL ADDRESS TABLE 162 1 6 2 24 3 23 . . . 8 25
After the “setting” procedure is performed, the TV viewer can now select cable channels for viewing by the old way: eg. pushing the key pad buttons 24 will select HBO. He can also do it the new way: eg. by pushing CABLE CHANNEL 2, which will also select HBO. The advantage of the new way is that the television guide will publish [C2] next to the program description, so the viewer will just look up the assigned channel number identifier instead of having to remember that HBO is local cable channel 24. When the CABLE CHANNEL button is pushed, command controller 36 knows that it will look up the local cable channel number in cable channel address table 162 to tune the VCR to the correct channel.
For timer preprogramming and for using the compressed G-code, a way to differentiate between broadcast and cable channels is to add an eighth channel bit, which would be set to 0 for normal broadcast channels and 1 for cable channels such as HBO. This eighth channel bit could be one of the low order bits such as the third bit C₃ out of the eight channel bits, so that the number of bits to specify popular channels is minimized, whether they be normal broadcast or cable channels. For a normal broadcast channel, the 7 other bits can be decoded according to priority vector C table 124. For a cable channel, the 7 other bits can be decoded according to a separate cable channel priority vector table 160, which could be stored in ROM 54 of microcontroller 36. The cable channel priority vector table can be set ahead of time for the entire country or at least for an area covered by a particular wide area television guide publication.
A television guide that carries the compressed code known as the G-code will now print the cable channel information as follows:
6:30 pm [C2) HBO xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (4679) xxxxxx(program description)xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx The [C2] in front of HBO reminds the viewer that he needs only to push CABLE CHANNEL 2 to select HBO. The (4679) is the G-code indication for this particular program.
FIG. 8 shows a section of a television guide. The cable channels all have an assigned cable channel number 188 in front of the cable channel mnemonic. Other than that the cable channel information is arranged the same as the broadcast channels with a compressed G-code 212 associated with the channel.
For timer preprogramming, the viewer need only enter the number 4679 according to the unit's G-code entry procedure, eg. PROG 4679 PROG. The G-code decoder unit will decode this G-code into “cable channel 2” and will also signal the command controller 36 with a cable channel signal 164, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, because the extra channel bit will be “1” which distinguishes that the G-code is for a cable channel; then, since the association of “cable channel 2” with channel 24 has been established earlier in the “setting” procedure, the command controller, if it has received a cable channel signal, will immediately look up 2 in the cable channel address table 162 to translate it to cable channel 24, which will be used as the recording channel at the appropriate time. By associating the G-code with the assigned cable channel number rather than the local cable channel number, the G-code for that program will be valid in the whole local area, which may have many different cable carriers each of which may have different local cable channel numbers.
To include the cable channel compressed G-code feature, the decoding and encoding algorithms are as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, respectively. The encoding should be explained first before the decoding. The primary change in FIG. 10 from FIG. 7 is that a cable channel priority vector table 160 has been added and is used in look up priority step 180 if a cable channel is being encoded. Also if a cable channel is being encoded then the cable channel bit is added in the correct bit position in the convert C_(p)D_(p)T_(p)L_(p) to binary numbers step 182. This could be bit C₃, as discussed before. The bit hierarchy key could be determined as before to compress the number of bits in the most popular programs; however, it needs to be 23 bits long to accommodate the cable channel bit. The maximum compressed G-code length could still be 7 digits, because 2²³=8,388,608.
The decoding is shown in FIG. 9 and is just the reverse of the encoding process. After step 108, test cable channel bit 174 is added and effectively tests the cable channel bit to determine if it is a “1”. If so then the command controller 36 is signaled via cable channel signal 164 of FIGS. 1 and 2 that the CDTL 118 that will be sent to it from G-code decoder 38 is for a cable channel. Then the command controller knows to look up the local cable carrier channel number based on the assigned cable channel number. In step 176 of FIG. 9, the priority vector tables including the cable channel priority vector table 160 are used to look up the CDTL 118 information.
An alternate to having the command controller receive a cable channel signal 164 is for the G-code decoder to perform all of the decoding including the conversion from assigned cable channel number to local cable carrier number. This would be the case for the remote controller implementation of FIG. 3. FIG. 11 shows the implementation of the entire decode algorithm if this step is included. All that needs to be added is convert assigned channel to local cable carrier channel step 166, which performs a look up in cable channel address table 162, if the cable channel bit indicates that a cable channel is involved. Step 166 effectively replaces step 174 in FIG. 9.
Another issue that needs addressing is the number of programs that can be preprogrammed. Since the G-code greatly simplifies the process of entering programs, it is likely that the user will quickly learn and want to enter a large number of programs; however, some existing VCRs can only store up to four (4) programs, while some can store as many as eight. Thus, the user may get easily frustrated by the programming limitations of the VCR.
One approach to this problem, is to perform the compressed G-code decoding in the remote controller and provide enough memory there to store a large number of programs, eg. 20 or 40. The remote controller would have the capability of transferring periodically several of these stored programs at a time to the VCR main unit. To provide this capability, extra memory called stack memory 76 is required inside the remote unit, as shown in FIG. 12, which other than that is identical to FIG. 4. Stack memory 76 can be implemented with a random access memory, which may in fact reside in the microcontroller itself, such as RAM 62.
The stack memory 76 is where new entry, insertion & deletion of timer preprogramming information is carried out. It is also where editing takes place. The top memory locations of the stack, for example the first 4 locations, correspond exactly to the available timer preprogramming memory in the VCR main unit. Whenever the top of the stack memory is changed, the new information will be sent over to the VCR main unit to update it.
FIG. 13 shows the sequence of events when the user enters a G-code program on the keypad of the remote controller. For illustration purposes, suppose the VCR main unit can only handle four (4) programs. Suppose also that the stack memory capacity is 20 timer preprograms. Referring to the flow chart in FIG. 13, when the user enters a G-code in step 230, the microcontroller 60 first decodes it into the CDTL information in step 234 and displays it on the display unit with the additional word “entered” also displayed. The microcontroller then enters the decoded program into the stack memory in step 236.
If this is the first program entered, it is placed at the top location of the stack memory. If there are already programs in the stack memory, the newly entered program will first be provisionally placed at the bottom of the stack memory. The stack memory will then be sorted into the correct temporal order in step 240, so that the earliest program in time will appear in the top location and the last program in time will be at the bottom. Notice that the nature of the temporally sorted stack memory is such that if stack memory location n is altered, then all the locations below it will be altered.
For example, suppose the stack memory has six (6) entries already temporally ordered, and a new entry is entered whose temporal ordering places it in location 3 (1 being the top location). If this entry is placed into location 3, information which was in location 3, 4, 5, 6 will be shifted to locations 4, 5, 6, and 7. Locations 1 and 2 will remain unchanged.
The microcontroller 60, after doing the temporal ordering, checks in step 242 whether the first n entries have changed from before, where for the current example n equals 4. In this case, since a new program has been entered into location 3, what used to be in location 3 now moves to location 4. Since the VCR's main unit program menu of 4 entries should correspond exactly to location 1 through 4 of the stack memory, entries 3 and 4 on the VCR main unit must now be revised. The microcontroller therefore sends out the new entries 3 & 4 to the main unit, in step 244 of FIG. 13. If the newly entered program, after temporal ordering, gets entered into location 5, then entries 1 through 4 have not changed from before and the microcontroller will not send any message to the VCR main unit and the microcontroller will just resume monitoring the clock 85 and the keyboard 88 as per step 246. It is assumed that when the user enters the G-code in step 230, the remote controller is pointed at the VCR main unit. The other steps of FIG. 13 happen so fast that the changes are sent in step 244 while the remote controller is still being pointed at the VCR main unit.
If the user decides to delete a program in step 232, the deletion is first carried out in the stack memory. If the first 4 entries are affected, the microcontroller will send the revised information over to the VCR main unit. If the first 4 entries are not affected, then again the remote controller unit will not send anything. The deletion will only change the lower part of the stack (lower meaning location 5 to 20). This new information will be sent over to the VCR main unit at the appropriate time.
In the meantime, the VCR main unit will be carrying out its timer programming function, completing its timing preprogramming entries one by one. By the time all 4 recording entries have been completed, the stack in the remote must send some new entries over to “replenish” the VCR main unit (if the stack has more than 4 entries).
The real time clock 85 in the remote controller unit is monitored by the microcontroller to determine when the programs in the main unit have been used up. Referring to the flow chart in FIG. 14, the microcontroller periodically checks the clock and the times for the programs at the top of the stack in step 250 (say the first 4 entries), which are identical to the VCR's main unit's menu. If on one of the periodic checks, it is determined that the recording of the main unit's menu is complete, then if there are more entries in the stack, which is tested in step 252, the display unit will be set to a blinking mode or display a blinking message in step 258 to alert the user to send more programs. Next time the user picks up the remote unit, the blinking will remind him that the VCR main unit's program menu has been completed and it is time to replenish the VCR main unit with program entries stored in the remote. The user simply picks up the remote and points it towards the VCR main unit and presses “ENTER”. This will “pop” the top of the stack memory in step 260, i.e. pop all the entries in the stack up by four locations. The microcontroller will then send the new “top of the stack” (i.e. top 4 entries) over to the VCR main unit in step 262. This process will repeat until the whole stack has been emptied.
Another preferred embodiment of an apparatus for using compressed codes for recorder preprogramming is the instant programmer 300 of FIG. 15. The instant programmer 300 has number keys 302, which are numbered 0 through 9, a CANCEL key 304, a REVIEW key 306, a WEEKLY key 308, a ONCE key 310 and a DAILY (M-F) key 312, which are used to program the instant programmer 300. A lid normally covers other keys, which are used to setup the instant programmer 300. When lid 314 is lifted, the following keys are revealed: SAVE key 316, ENTER key 318, CLOCK key 320, CH key 322, ADD TIME key 324, VCR key 326, CABLE key 328, and TEST key 330. Other features of instant programmer 300 shown on FIG. 15 are: liquid crystal display 350 and red warning light emitting diode 332. The front elevation view FIG. 16 of instant programmer 300 shows front infrared (IR) diode 340 mounted on the front side 338. By placing instant programmer 300 in front of the equipment to be programmed such as video cassette recorder 370, cable box 372, and television 374, as shown in FIG. 19, the front infrared (IR) diode 340 can transmit signals to control program recording. An IR transparent cover 336 covers additional IR transmission diodes, which are explained below.
FIG. 18 shows a detail of the liquid crystal display 350. Certain text 354 is at various times visible on the display and there is an entry area 356. Time bars 352 are displayed at the bottom of the display and their function is described below.
A companion element to the instant programmer 300 is the mounting stand 360, shown in FIG. 17, which is designed to hold instant programmer 300 between left raised side 362 and right raised side 364. The instant programmer 300 is slid between left raised side 362 and right raised side 364 until coming to a stop at front alignment flange 365, which is at the front of mounting stand 360 and connected across left raised side 362 and right raised side 364, as shown in FIG. 17A. Together elements 362, 364 and 365 provide alignment for instant programmer 300 so that IR transparent cover 336 and the IR diodes 342, 344, 346 and 348, shown in FIG. 17 are properly aligned for transmission, when the instant programmer is used as shown in FIG. 20. The mounting stand 360 has an alignment flange 366, which has the purpose of aligning the back edge of mounting stand 360, which is defined as the edge along which alignment flange 366 is located, along the front side of a cable box or VCR, or similar unit as shown in FIG. 20. When aligned as shown in FIG. 20, the mounting stand 360 aligns the instant programmer 300 so that the left IR diode 342, down IR diode 344, two back IR diodes 346 and right IR diode 348, as shown in FIG. 17, are in position to transmit signals to video cassette recorder 370 and cable box 372, as necessary. If the VCR and/or cable box functions are located within the television 374 itself, then the instant programmer 300 could be positioned to transmit to the television 374, either in the manner of FIG. 19 or by placing the mounting stand on top of the television in the manner of FIG. 20.
By using mounting stand 360, the user only need to align the mounting stand 360, and the instant programmer 300 once with the equipment to be programmed rather than having the user remember to keep the instant programmer 300 in the correct location to transmit via front infrared (IR) diode 340, as shown in FIG. 19. Current experience with various remote controllers shows that it is difficult at best to keep a remote controller in a fixed location, for example, on a coffee table. The mounting stand 360 solves this problem by locating the instant programmer 300 with the equipment to be controlled. The left IR diode 342, down IR diode 344, two back IR diodes 346 and right IR diode 348 are positioned to transmit to the left, downward, backward, and to the right. The downward transmitter assumes that mounting stand 360 will be placed on top of the unit to be programmed. The left and right transmission allows units to the left or right to be programmed. The backward transmission back IR diodes 346 are provided so that signals can bounce off walls and other objects in the room. The front IR diode 340, the left IR diode 342, the right IR diode 348 and the down IR diode 344 are implemented with 25 degree emitting angle diodes. Two back IR diodes are provided for greater energy in that direction and are implemented with 5 degree emitting angle diodes, which focus the energy and provide for greater reflection of the IR energy off of walls or objects in the room.
Most VCR's and cable boxes can be controlled by an infrared remote controller; however, different VCR's and cable boxes have different IR codes. Although there are literally hundreds of different models of VCR's and cable boxes, there are fortunately only tens of sets of IR codes. Each set may have a few tens of “words” that represent the different keys required, e.g. “power”, “record”, “channel up”, “channel down”, “stop”, “0”, “1”, “2” etc. For the purpose of controlling the VCR and cable box to do recording, only the following “words” are required: “0”, “1”, “2”, “3”, “4”, “5”, “6”, “7”, “8”, “9”, “power”, “record”, “stop”. The IR codes for these words for all the sets are stored in the memory of the instant programmer 300, which is located in microcomputer 380 of FIGS. 21 and 22. During setup of the instant programmer 300, the user interactively inputs to the instant programmer 300 the type and model of his VCR and cable box. The correct set of IR codes will be recalled from memory during the actual control process. In the case where the user only has a VCR, the infrared (IR) codes for that particular VCR will be recalled to control the VCR. In the case where the user has a VCR and a cable box, the IR codes “power”, “record”, “stop” will be recalled from the set that corresponds to the VCR whereas the IR codes for “0” through “9” will be recalled from the set that corresponds to the cable box. The reason is that in this case, the cable box controls the channel switching. Hence the channel switching signals “0” through “9” must be sent to the cable box instead of the VCR.
Initially, the user performs a setup sequence. First, the user looks up the number corresponding to the model/brand of VCR to be programmed in a table, which lists the VCR brand name and a two digit code. Then with the VCR tuned to Channel 3 or Channel 4, whichever is normally used, the user turns the VCR “OFF”. Then the user presses the VCR key 326. When the display shows VCR, the user presses the two-digit code looked up in the VCR model/brand table (for example 01 for RCA). The user points the instant programmer 300 at the VCR and then presses ENTER key 318. The red warning light emitting diode 332 will flash while it is sending a test signal to the VCR. If the VCR turned “ON” and changed to Channel 09, the user presses the SAVE key 316 and proceeds to the set clock step. If the VCR did not turn “ON” or turned “ON” but did not change to Channel 09 the user presses ENTER key 318 again and waits until red warning light emitting diode 332 stops flashing. The instant programmer 300 sends the next possible VCR code, while the red warning light emitting diode 332 is flashing. If the VCR turns “ON” and changed to Channel 09 the user presses SAVE key 316, otherwise the user presses ENTER key 318 again until the VCR code is found that works for the VCR. The display shows “END” if all possible VCR codes for that brand are tried. If so, the user presses VCR key 326 code 00 and then ENTER key 318 to try all possible codes, for all brands, one at a time.
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'US-75930310-A_2', 'collection': 'USPTO', 'open_type': 'Open Government', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '2010.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '6774', 'token_count': '8569', '__index_level_0__': '38867', 'original_id': '2946cd89f0340bb098b4f377e6c212b86c51252286800a5285ece1830955b07b'} |
Note:
Dr Hari Subramaniam
Old age psychiatry
About me
I am an established consultant psychiatrist with over 15 years of experience in the field. I have a track record of developing and establishing mental health services in my field of work, having held the role of the clinical director to local services for many years. I have significant research interests and publications in my field which can be easily obtained on searching the internet. I have legal interests and qualification and do regular medico legal work. I am regularly invited to deliver training events to colleagues and other health care professionals and this includes delivering talks at GP training and professional development events
Areas of interest
Memory and cognitive clinic assessments
Anxiety and depressive illnesses in the elderly
Late life psychosis
Capacity assessments
Wills, Powers of Attorney and Court of Protection work
Medico-legal work involving complex capacity assessments, fitness to plead and fitness to stand trial
Specialist interests and expertise in the following physical conditions
(Additional) Languages spoken
Qualifications
GMC registration
Reference number 4786722
Details of entry to specialist register
CCT Old age Psychiatry, 2005
Affiliations / memberships
Executive memeber of the Old Age Faculty of the Royal College of PSychiatrists
Specialist Mental Health Advisor to the CQC
Royal College of Psychiatry Membership exam examiner
On committees of various professional organizations and bodies
The information contained on Finder is submitted by consultants, therapists and facilities, and is declared by these third parties to be correct and compliant with the standards and codes of conduct specified by their relevant regulatory body. Bupa cannot guarantee the accuracy of all of the information provided.
You can find out more about the data and information on Finder and our website terms of use here. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '0509e2b49d9c1d8f175612462dd6f5769f49a034c2d79ef20a5258639f7f82bc'} |
Labral Tears (Shoulder/Hip)
The labrum is additional tissue to make the cup part of the joint deeper for greater stability. Labral Tears occur at the edge of the socket around the rim of the hip and shoulder joints. Injuries to the labrum in the shoulder are the most common, but lately there has been an increased awareness of ones in the hip. There are two types of Labral Tears. A traumatic tear is usually due to a fall, accident or sports injury and can happen because of a sudden, twisting movement. A degenerative tear is due to constant repetitive motions and is considered chronic.
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What is the NetworkModel argument used for?
2 posts / 0 new
Last post
Yanchao Liu
What is the NetworkModel argument used for?
In the webpage https://gocompetition.energy.gov/languages, it is explained that:
NetworkModel = a 10 character string identifying the Network Model of the input files. These are the first ten characters of the Dataset Network Model folder name.
My question is: what does our code need this value for? In other words, what shall we do with the value of this parameter inside the main program?
I am assuming that the input data file names (i.e., InFile1, ..., InFile4) will be supplied with the path info (either relative or absolute) when the main program is called. Is that right? Then what is NetworkModel after all?
Total votes: 134
Dr. Stephen Elbert
What is the NetworkModel argument used for?
If your algorithm uses heuristics, knowing which network model is being used for a particular dataset may be advantageous. The Competition uses the same network models in more than one event, so if you have spotted a clever way to solve network X in the Original Dataset, you may want to use it if you see that network in Trial Event 1, 2, or the Final Event. The Competition does introduce new network models with each event so you can't rely solely on past experience.
The input data file path names do incorporate network model information, so in that sense the Network Model parameter is redundant, but you need to parse the path name to find it. Having the Network Model as a separate parameter saves you the parsing step. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8176782131195068}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '34766', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HICB3LFOI33IPR3QJAHFU3HUWIIIOWE5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bb25343f-b92f-4699-bdb9-c0946db8697d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 28, 6, 30, 46), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.101.105.109', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:SAPZZ6BXP5SZSCYEZAF6BMOSXFYTEHHG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5a874e8f-65b7-4aa4-a5e0-58184f9e278d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://gocompetition.energy.gov/forum/what-networkmodel-argument-used', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:601bc71f-52f1-424e-85c6-b00301af6dff>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '262', 'url': 'https://gocompetition.energy.gov/forum/what-networkmodel-argument-used', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-142\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.6227219700813293', 'original_id': 'ed89d76fa7b5730be8cb5bb887dbf948fb6adb64f8c032fa6419bbb39e648a07'} |
Assembly: SRAM Series Replacement Banners
Uploaded on 02 August, 2016
In this instructional video, we provide a step-by-step tutorial for adding a replacement banner to your SRAM series retractable banner stand. All you'll need is some double-sided tape, a flat-head screw driver, and a spring pin and tension key. You don't need to purchase a whole new stand every time you want to change up your banner, just follow these simple instructions and you'll be displaying your updated graphics in no time!
JEFF (Narrator): "Hi, I’m going to show you how to assemble the replacement graphics for our popular SRAM banner stand series. It’s pretty simple stuff! So let’s get to it.
Here are the tools you’ll need for the assembly:"
TEXT: "Packing Tape, Double Sided Tap, Spring Pin, Tension Key, Flat Head Screwdriver"
JEFF: "1st, stretch the banner all the way out until you see the lead and you can’t go anymore.
Then, lay the stand flat and take the spring pin and place it into the hole on the side to lock the banner in place.
After that, take the rail at the top of the banner and separate it using a flat head screwdriver.
Next, go back to the base end where the banner is attached to the lead and start by pulling the tape off from the backside and peeling it off across the rest of the banner. Depending on how long it’s been there, it can be a little more sticky. So use a box cutter or exacto knife to help you out if you have to.
Once you have your old banner off, you’re going to want to flip the base over and flatten out the lead. Then you can apply some tape to each side of the lead about an inch down from the top. By doing this, it will keep it flat and it will help when adding the double sided tape to lead.
So, make sure the area where you’re applying the tape to is free from debris and take your double sided tape roll and lay it across from one end of the lead to the other, lining it up with the top edge.
Then take the bottom of the banner and lay it over the top portion of the lead and apply tape to the edges of the banner about 1 inch from the bottom. You can then start peeling off the double sided tape that you applied to the lead and adhere the banner to it.
For extra peace of mind, add an extra layer of tape. Packing tape works best, and apply it at the seam where the banner and the lead meet. This will give it a stronger hold when it is being extracted from the base.
Now you can take the top rail and re-attach it to the top of the banner. Make sure the rail is flipped open, which should have been done when you took it off earlier with the screwdriver. You can just slip in the banner into the slot and firmly press down on the rail with your palms and close the rail going from side to side.
Go back to the base end of the stand and pull up on the lead a bit. This will help with pulling out the spring pin easily.
You can then carefully guide the banner back into the base. Just keep an eye on the side to make sure it goes in evenly. And if you’d like you can take the tension key and insert into the hole where the spring pin was to add additional pressure to the spring. And there you have it!"
Adding to cart... | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9223595261573792}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '65158', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AUOG6FLN6575ASEPOEAUCJBWI6BASFR4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:43cf39c9-b69f-483f-80a9-fe2e8d004073>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 15, 0, 46, 43), 'WARC-IP-Address': '52.73.177.97', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TUMG6PYHBAO5DNYWWPNHG5TB34IBKODM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ca6ea79a-7bbc-4df3-b807-81121ec72dc1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.displays2go.com/Video/Assembly-SRAM-Series-Replacement-Banners-122', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:beef12ed-5018-4888-8cd2-8086694fade2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '611', 'url': 'https://www.displays2go.com/Video/Assembly-SRAM-Series-Replacement-Banners-122', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-97-162-208.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.024404585361480713', 'original_id': '78a4925be3dc180ee76cf23471d028865b4270dc23192405e2fd690934d2c3aa'} |
The Girl and The Woman
The Girl
She stands alone by the train tracks.
Watching and waiting and dreaming.
Hobos no longer exist.
She remembers reading stories of life
when her great grandmother lived:
hobos begging for food, gypsies stealing
children and telling fortunes, long days
working in the corn fields, chopping weeds.
Her own family praises:
tractors, riding lawn mowers, herbicides, pesticides,
electricity, TVs, dishwashers, muscle cars, MacDonalds,
diet Coke, cell phones, computers, DVDs, iPADs.
Now the only excitement lays in Grand Theft Auto,
guns, and sex. She watches and waits and dreams.
Canyon photo 1 anabel
The Woman
She stands alone on the rim,
watching the moon rise,
Life flies by on wings
She remembers rich years
filled with long joys, living,
and temporary sadness, divorces,
moving here and there,
Narrangansett Bay, Utah mountains,
babies held to breast, blond
and chubby, cafe con leche.
She remembers girlhood longings
for far horizons, traveling
around the world, lovers,
husbands, shades of brown
She’s learned to make
her own excitement,
singing Goddess songs,
dancing on the rim of wonder.
Photograph by Anabel McMillen and Painting by Lahib Jaddo | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8143545389175415}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '78232', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CZRSD55X6BGZ3YIUEEZRZDKWRNJ5WABV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b629f3d4-2293-456c-bd06-136d1cd42f0a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 22, 20, 17, 56), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.24', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CLNMM3I7TBXR5ALODN27J3RV4T6J6SPZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e0fba1a2-d005-4d96-90b3-67325d2bb01d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://julianalightle.com/tag/growing-up/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e7c6c91c-2f00-4b54-9699-0216970fc309>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '189', 'url': 'https://julianalightle.com/tag/growing-up/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-133.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04722118377685547', 'original_id': 'edbd4e01aa8893303bcfc9f1395cac3489a7dbf231d4c8723f5ba3b8b79c382b'} |
package nmi
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"strings"
aadpodid "github.com/Azure/aad-pod-identity/pkg/apis/aadpodidentity"
auth "github.com/Azure/aad-pod-identity/pkg/auth"
k8s "github.com/Azure/aad-pod-identity/pkg/k8s"
utils "github.com/Azure/aad-pod-identity/pkg/utils"
"github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/adal"
"k8s.io/klog"
)
// ManagedClient implements the TokenClient interface
type ManagedClient struct {
TokenClient
KubeClient k8s.Client
IsNamespaced bool
}
// NewManagedTokenClient creates new managed token client
func NewManagedTokenClient(client k8s.Client, config Config) (*ManagedClient, error) {
// managed mode supported only in force namespaced mode
if !config.Namespaced {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("managed mode not intialized in force namespaced mode")
}
return &ManagedClient{
KubeClient: client,
IsNamespaced: config.Namespaced,
}, nil
}
// GetIdentities gets the azure identity that matches the podns/podname and client id
func (mc *ManagedClient) GetIdentities(ctx context.Context, podns, podname, clientID, resourceID string) (*aadpodid.AzureIdentity, error) {
// get pod object to retrieve labels
pod, err := mc.KubeClient.GetPod(podns, podname)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get pod %s/%s, error: %+v", podns, podname, err)
}
// get all the azure identities based on azure identity bindings
azureIdentities, err := mc.KubeClient.ListPodIdsWithBinding(podns, pod.Labels)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get AzureIdentities for pod %s/%s, error: %+v", podns, podname, err)
}
identityUnspecified := len(clientID) == 0 && len(resourceID) == 0
for _, id := range azureIdentities {
// if client id exists in the request, then send the first identity that matched the client id
if len(clientID) != 0 && id.Spec.ClientID == clientID {
klog.Infof("clientID in request: %s, %s/%s has been matched with azure identity %s/%s", utils.RedactClientID(clientID), podns, podname, id.Namespace, id.Name)
return &id, nil
}
// if resource id exists in the request, then send the first identity that matched the resource id
if len(resourceID) != 0 && id.Spec.ResourceID == resourceID {
return &id, nil
}
// if client doesn't exist in the request, then return the first identity in the same namespace as the pod
if identityUnspecified && strings.EqualFold(id.Namespace, podns) {
klog.Infof("no clientID or resourceID in request. %s/%s has been matched with azure identity %s/%s", podns, podname, id.Namespace, id.Name)
return &id, nil
}
}
return nil, fmt.Errorf("no azure identity found for request clientID %s", utils.RedactClientID(clientID))
}
// GetToken returns an ADAL token based on the request and its pod identity.
func (mc *ManagedClient) GetToken(ctx context.Context, rqClientID, rqResource string, azureID aadpodid.AzureIdentity) (token *adal.Token, err error) {
rqHasClientID := len(rqClientID) != 0
clientID := azureID.Spec.ClientID
idType := azureID.Spec.Type
switch idType {
case aadpodid.UserAssignedMSI:
if rqHasClientID && !strings.EqualFold(rqClientID, clientID) {
klog.Warningf("client ID mismatch, requested:%s available:%s", rqClientID, clientID)
}
klog.Infof("matched identityType:%v clientid:%s resource:%s", idType, utils.RedactClientID(clientID), rqResource)
token, err := auth.GetServicePrincipalTokenFromMSIWithUserAssignedID(clientID, rqResource)
return token, err
case aadpodid.ServicePrincipal:
tenantID := azureID.Spec.TenantID
adEndpoint := azureID.Spec.ADEndpoint
secretRef := &azureID.Spec.ClientPassword
klog.Infof("matched identityType:%v adendpoint:%s tenantid:%s clientid:%s resource:%s",
idType, adEndpoint, tenantID, utils.RedactClientID(clientID), rqResource)
secret, err := mc.KubeClient.GetSecret(secretRef)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get Kubernetes secret %s/%s, err: %v", secretRef.Namespace, secretRef.Name, err)
}
clientSecret := ""
for _, v := range secret.Data {
clientSecret = string(v)
break
}
token, err := auth.GetServicePrincipalToken(adEndpoint, tenantID, clientID, clientSecret, rqResource)
return token, err
case aadpodid.ServicePrincipalCertificate:
tenantID := azureID.Spec.TenantID
adEndpoint := azureID.Spec.ADEndpoint
secretRef := &azureID.Spec.ClientPassword
klog.Infof("matched identityType:%v adendpoint:%s tenantid:%s clientid:%s resource:%s",
idType, adEndpoint, tenantID, utils.RedactClientID(clientID), rqResource)
secret, err := mc.KubeClient.GetSecret(secretRef)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get Kubernetes secret %s/%s, err: %v", secretRef.Namespace, secretRef.Name, err)
}
certificate, password := secret.Data["certificate"], secret.Data["password"]
token, err := auth.GetServicePrincipalTokenWithCertificate(adEndpoint, tenantID, clientID,
certificate, string(password), rqResource)
return token, err
default:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported identity type %+v", idType)
}
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'f05fb125400a2be03168d8e5eab320d799720ff38a021194719ffe9a67577cd2'} |
Goats (film)
Goats is a 2012 comedy-drama film directed by Christopher Neil and written by Mark Poirier based on his 2000 novel Goats. The film stars David Duchovny, Vera Farmiga, Graham Phillips, Keri Russell, Justin Kirk, and Ty Burrell. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2012, and was given a limited release in the United States on August 10, 2012, by Image Entertainment.
Plot
Fifteen-year-old Ellis Whitman (Graham Phillips) is leaving his home in Tucson, Arizona, for his freshman year at Gates Academy, an East Coast prep school. He leaves behind Wendy (Vera Farmiga), his flaky, New Age mother and Goat Man (David Duchovny), a weed-smoking goat trekker and botanist. Goat Man is the only real father Ellis has ever known, since his biological father, Frank (Ty Burrell), left when he was a baby.
Upon arriving Gates Academy, Ellis befriends his roommate Barney Cannel (Nicholas Lobue), a cross-country runner, and Rosenberg, who usually does not get anything higher than a C in his classes, but is smart enough to sneak in marijuana. Ellis also takes an interest in Minnie (Dakota Johnson), a local girl who works in the school library; his friends often refer to her as a prostitute, according to rumors. Meanwhile, Goat Man and Wendy have been incommunicado, which Barney points out often. On a phone call, Ellis discovers that his mother has a new boyfriend named Bennet (Justin Kirk), who is rude and disrespectful.
One day, Ellis receives a letter in the mail from his long-estranged father from Washington, DC, requesting for Ellis to spend Thanksgiving dinner with him. Ellis decides to fly to Washington with Barney, who is also having Thanksgiving with his mother there. Ellis finally meets his father and his father's pregnant and kind-hearted wife, Judy (Keri Russell). One night, Ellis gets a call from Barney telling him that he is in possession of marijuana. Ellis sneaks out for the night, but Frank finds out that he left. On the way back from his flight from DC, Barney and Ellis get drunk and fight with each other in their dorm room, resulting in a dent in the wall which costs Wendy $700 and Ellis to end up in the school hospital. Afterwards, Ellis begins to get closer to Minnie.
Over Christmas break, Ellis returns to Tucson, but feels betrayed by Goat Man when he discovers that he slept with their young but malicious neighbor, Aubrey (Adelaide Kane). His relationship with adults he grew up with is now challenged.
Cast
David Duchovny as Javier / Goat Man
Vera Farmiga as Wendy Whitman
Graham Phillips as Ellis Whitman
Ty Burrell as Frank Whitman
Keri Russell as Judy Whitman
Justin Kirk as Bennet
Dakota Johnson as Minnie
Alan Ruck as Dr. Eldridge
Anthony Anderson as Coach
Nicholas Lobue as Barney Cannel
Steve Almazan as Jesus
Adelaide Kane as Aubrey
Olga Segura as Serena
Minnie Driver as Shaman (uncredited)
Production
In May 2010, it was reported that Ty Burrell and Anjelica Huston had signed on to star in the film. In January 2011, it was announced that David Duchovny and Vera Farmiga had been cast in leading roles for the film. That same month, Keri Russell, Minnie Driver and Will Arnett were cast in supporting roles. Arnett and Huston later dropped out of the cast, for unknown reasons, before filming began. Producer Daniela Taplin Lundberg commented on the casting, "Goats is that wonderful combination of hilarious and poignant, and we're so thrilled that actors as distinguished as this ensemble have responded to the script with such passion." Principal photography for the film took place in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Tucson, Arizona, and Watertown, Connecticut in February 2011.
Release
The film had its world premiere at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2012. Shortly after, on February 7, 2012, the film was acquired by Image Entertainment for domestic distribution in the United States. The film was released in a limited release in the United States on August 10, 2012.
Reception
The film received generally negative reviews from film critics. Goats holds a 20% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 25 reviews, with an average rating of 4.7/10. On Metacritic, the film has a 38 out of 100 rating, based on 13 critic reviews, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".
Robert Abele from The Los Angeles Times wrote, "A coming-of-age story featuring Vera Farmiga as a narcissistic New Age mom, David Duchovny as her pot-smoking Jesus-bearded goat herder/poolman and Ty Burrell as the divorced dad with the new wife, would appear to have all sorts of behavioral flavors to chew on. Alas, Goats – to borrow from the traits of its titular ruminants – nibbles on a lot of stuff it never gets around to digesting." Sara Stewart of The New York Post wrote, "There's a particularly irritating type of rich-boy coming-of-age movie in which any emotional growth is reflected in only the slightest tweak on the handsome protagonist's stony visage. If I were Holden Caulfield, I might call it lousy. It's the type of strummy-guitar-scored indie that's flypaper for quirky actors like Farmiga and Duchovny, who are given too much time to indulge their characters' back stories and to show off, respectively, their primal scream and goat imitation."
Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly wrote, "Mark Jude Poirier adapted the screenplay from his own lively 2001 coming-of-age novel. As directed by Christopher Neil, Goats reports the same events but loses the flavor of the journey." The New York Times Stephen Holden wrote, "If the aimless characters in Goats didn't feel so uncomfortably lifelike, it would be tempting to heap scorn on this wispy screen adaptation of Mark Jude Poirier's 2001 novel, directed by Christopher Neil from a screenplay by Mr. Poirier. Ms. Farmiga gives a bravely unsympathetic performance as the hysterical, self-pitying Wendy, who is filled with rage at her ex-husband, Frank. For all its verisimilitude, Goats doesn't add up to much."
References
External links
Category:2012 films
Category:2010s comedy-drama films
Category:American films
Category:American independent films
Category:American comedy-drama films
Category:American coming-of-age films
Category:Films based on American novels
Category:Films set in Tucson, Arizona
Category:Films set in Washington, D.C.
Category:Films shot in New Mexico
Category:Films shot in Arizona
Category:Films shot in Connecticut | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e8c138399d7c103a53d79a2a095523f8b08c93b8c4fca5578d29663b5b2a4b93'} |
You asked:
biography of Vladislav F. Ribnikar
Vladislav F. Ribnikar was born in 1871. He is currently employed by Politika AD. He founded Politika AD. He worked as a journalist. He died in 1914 at the age of 43 years old.
tk10publ tk10canl is now
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20th Century Design
André Dubreuil, The Irrepressible Inventor
By Jean-Louis Gaillemin
A ndré Dubreuil emerged in the 1980’s as one of the world's leading ferrailleur (metal artist), known internationally for his Spine Chair, exhibited in all the leading museums around the world. He developed a style of objects and furniture with a poetic symbolism, which sits equally well in minimalist interiors and collector’s homes.
His enthusiasm for ornamental craftsmanship using materials and finishes, and his inventive mixture of styles gives his art a personality that deftly eludes genres and categories. André Dubreuil’s career as a furniture designer began in London in 1985 as the interior designer of a chocolate shop named Rococo. Having previously had a background as a painter decorator, he was employed to carry out a decor of green and pink arabesques.
Tom Dixon, who was meant to undertake the furniture work was late that day, so Dubreuil lent a hand: “I helped him to make his chandelier and I was suddenly hooked with the soldering iron, as if I had “fallen into it”. The tone was set, and the Rococo chocolate boutique would see the green and pink arabesques transform into steel lianas.
Nothing could be further from Dubreuil’s art than the concept of “beautiful-utility”; design, function and pure form. “My furniture will never be defined by its function; the eye needs to be attracted, hooked and focused on the surfaces of things… Searching for new techniques undermines the “right form”.
Present in his pieces, we see monsters from fairy tales spotted by Alice from the other side of the mirror, like this hysterical table where the actor Pascal Gregory poses for the magazine Maison et Jardin; consoles with slender steel bars or this heavy and sumptuous chest of drawers called Mongole.
Dubreuil doesn’t, however, restrict himself. The feet of the bureau plat are arching and prominent. The Louis XV wardrobe is flirting with the chest, and the screen mesh carries within it a cabinet. Every time he can, Dubreuil seeks to erase or to mask the functionality of his work for the benefit of the symbol, the imaginary and the dreamlike.
Dubreuil's lamps are light sculptures designed to “make beautiful shadows”. The lenses, glass beads, glass bulbs, cut and extruded metal sheets allow them to be projected onto walls and ceilings. The clocks are aimed at showing the time, nowadays more often displayed on a computer screen or iPhone.
The dial itself alludes to fetish objects, incorporating pieces of Chinese jade, ivory, coral, fossilised wood, glass or crystal blocks and recycled items to create enigmatic objects like this “ostensoir atomic” with sharp pointed ends that evoke both the Big Bang and nuclear fission.
Dubreuil multiplies formal qualities to escape clichés: Japanese motifs, naturalistic details, geometric shapes, and ornamental decoration confront each other, disrupting symmetry. Some meubles énigmatiques even escape from the hands of the designer, and could have decorated the interior of the hero poet Jean Lorrain.
The Porte de l’Inde, a giant two metre high frame, is decorated with the owl of Athena, and at its centre a small video screen is mounted behind a piece of rock-crystal surrounded by allegorical medallions. The giant grid is set with glass cabochons and sparkling enamel flowers, unveiling a hidden jewelry box.
It is difficult to follow the evolution of a style. André Dubreuil dislikes repetition or reproduction. He avoids all style, he doesn’t like to sketch beforehand and prefers to let the hand and the tools take the initiative of the invention.
Excerpt from Jean-Louis Gaillemin's, André Dubreuil, Poète du fer, Norma, 2005.
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| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '99', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.931065797805786}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '128583', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JJIOYA7DVWVUQQIVUDB7GBMFHJDPTNJP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:51c459e1-e7d3-4787-a2e4-121e42b0b478>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 22, 23, 28, 26), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.218.55.25', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:UKPAPHPA47WDVDUJFY3K5OG6J3AF2CBZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3688edf9-aa7b-4e10-87ec-b6af22164be2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/andre-dubreuil-the-incorrigible-inventor', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2a9ee754-5fbe-4394-87ec-dad015960a9c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '718', 'url': 'https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/andre-dubreuil-the-incorrigible-inventor', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-135.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02982795238494873', 'original_id': 'b046af35cece97a2df1564b2cc0ee0a87d98a274a25f0298eda1dbc699cc513a'} |
Elimination of pump-induced frequency jitter on fiber-laser frequency combs.
Optical frequency combs generated by femtosecond fiber lasers typically exhibit significant frequency noise that causes broad optical linewidths, particularly in the comb wings and in the carrier-envelope offset frequency (f(ceo)) signal. We show these broad linewidths are mainly a result of white amplitude noise on the pump diode laser that leads to a breathing-like motion of the comb about a central fixed frequency. By a combination of passive noise reduction and active feedback using phase-lead compensation, this noise source is eliminated, thereby reducing the f(ceo) linewidth from 250 kHz to <1 Hz. The in-loop carrier-envelope offset phase jitter, integrated to 100 kHz, is 1.3 rad. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd4f5401b0783ca520a11bd527140c15da90559d0094bdb23d0f487150eeff29c'} |
Tiger, Siberian
Sponsor a Tiger, Siberian
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Physical Characteristics
Siberian tigers differ from other tigers because they have fewer, paler stripes, and they also have manes. They are the world’s largest cats, with males weighing up to 700 pounds and measuring 11 feet from head to tail.
Habitat & Diet
They live in the eastern forests of Russia, a far harsher climate than their jungle dwelling cousins. Their habitat is extremely remote and far enough away from human development that the small population that exists in the wild is stable. They are carnivores that consist off of large mammals.
Social Behavior
Tigers are solitary with the Siberian tiger being more than most. Due to their small population and the harsh climate of their wintery home, Siberians have the largest range of any tiger subspecies. They roam for miles in search of food. The remoteness of their habitat means they have far less encounters with humans than other tigers, which has greatly helped stabilize the wild population.
Meet our Residents
Fascinating Facts
• Also known as Amur tigers, Siberian tigers on average run about 12.4 miles a day – which is roughly the equivalent of running a half-marathon every day for us humans!
• In rare instances, some male Siberians living in captivity have reached weight exceeding 1,000 pounds!
Status In The Wild
Although they are Endangered, the Siberian tiger population has rebounded from the brink of extinction. In the 1940s there were only 40 left in existence. Thanks to conservation efforts and the remoteness of their habitat, there are now 500 estimated in the wild. Though still only a handful, their numbers have stabilized and could continue to climb with the help of continued anti-poaching measures and international efforts to preserve their habitat.
Waystation Residents
Click on the pictures below to meet our animal residents!
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Friday, May 7, 2010
The writers often don't keep the consistency of the show in terms of realism and "The Cover-Up" was one of those episodes that went a little too far. Instead of finding a happy medium, the writers too far, ignoring the key tenant of the documentary. As funny as the actors and dialogue can be, the documentary style pulls the show back into realism until it is completely ignored. While playing his games, Daryl even turns to talk to the camera.
I don't care about Michael's relationships anymore, but I loved seeing Dwight do his creepy investigating. Pulling tractors? Totally hilarious. Pam meddling? Annoying and not funny. The episode ends with the revelation that Donna is married--and that makes Michael the mistress.
Daryl starts of trying to get Andy in big trouble and is well on his way, dropping hints here and there as Andy slavishly laps them up, but once Andy starts shooting his video, the printer starts smoking. Maybe there's something dark behind the clean look of Sabre. Future arc? I sure hope so. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b8826114f9b181f0b8342843508a108836c684d5078b469fdce9defb133e04d4'} |
Cosby ‘rapeseed’ art bounced from State Fair
If art is supposed to generate a reaction and generate discussion, Nick Rindo’s cropseed portrait of Bill Cosby is art.
Photo: Nick Rindo's Facebook page.
Rindo’s portrait was meant to be a protest against Cosby, who has been accused of raping multiple women. In fact, Rindo made it a point to note that the portrait was made with rapeseed, the alternative name of canola seed.
He was surprised the Minnesota State Fair accepted the art in the first place, although it taped over the label indicating it was made with rapeseed.
But after protests from the fair’s art patrons, his work has gotten the boot.
“I intentionally made it crappy,” he writes on his Facebook page. He didn’t want anyone to think he was a Coz fan.
There was no other statement about the crop art, which leads to the question, “what exactly offended people?” Was it because they are fans of Cosby? Or because they aren’t? Rindo says he’s assuming a public rejection of his work is a public rejection of the alleged rapist.
The crop art superintendent, who had initially OK’d the installation, said he took it down after consulting with fair officials. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9798347353935242}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '42929', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:G3NT224XBZCCKIFMDRMJD3UBOGRLN7RE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e39162bc-a95c-4059-abbf-19b441f28379>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 25, 17, 50, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.154.106.123', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WRIOCZKIDXFIY735WN74XBOHUKGTLWOL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:cb4f132e-627e-4ed0-878a-cfae3c7eea0e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://blogs.mprnews.org/newscut/2015/09/cosby-rapeseed-art-bounced-from-state-fair/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:79f80cf4-ac74-408d-84f3-a860536c2b65>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '198', 'url': 'https://blogs.mprnews.org/newscut/2015/09/cosby-rapeseed-art-bounced-from-state-fair/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-112\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04365205764770508', 'original_id': 'e61eba8840e8b3c2f8042c60a86e8ace45efc30e32a0e923d808571ea9abb34c'} |
SHIRLEY -- Ayer Shirley Regional School Committee member Patrick Kelly is proposing that the committee go paperless in the neat future, and instead view all necessary handouts for meetings on Google Drive, which could be accessed at meetings by Chrome books bought by the district for committee members.
Currently, the district office photocopies entire agenda packets for the six members of the committee, who must keep them for a number of years in their homes if someone were to ask for copies of them.
"I think as a committee we need to be in the 21st century," Kelly said. "We need to be as green and efficient as we can be. There are technologies we have access to where we don't have to print all these papers, make all these binders, and hang on to them for so long."
He said that he and Laura Callahan, the administrative assistant to the superintendent, have been communicating with other school districts who have made this move to see how effective it has been.
A Chrome book, he said, are similar to other tablets but also resemble laptops, and run for about $200 and have internet access that could be used during meetings. Currently, the superintendent, assistant superintendent, Callahan, and building principals have iPads to be used for school functions.
"Even at about $200 a device, we'd be spending only about a quarter of what we're spending now in ink, toner, and paper costs in addition to postage," Kelly said.
If the information is out there, he said, it could not only help committee members but parents and community members as well.
"If we could do this electronically, we can make it immediately available for everyone. We want to make things even more accessible then they are today. More people would know more about what's going on if the information was more readily available," he said.
School Committee Chairman Joyce Reischutz said that she's not sold on the idea that it will save nearly as much money as predicted, but said that it's at least worth considering going forward.
"That's fine. The thing is, what happens when anyone goes paperless, is you sometimes wind up printing it out yourself. We're always glad when the district can cut costs. We're volunteers and I'd rather not use my ink and toner and paper but we'll see," she said.
Reischutz said she understands people are moving more toward being green and doing things electronically, so she's not opposed but know that some people may not like watching the committee from behind computer screens.
"People do it. It is the thing that's coming. At one point, they were talking about laptops or something like that. I think it's hard. You're a committee discussing things, you shouldn't be behind a screen. It's the new thing coming," she said.
She said that the committee has to be careful that if the documents are put online, that the open meeting law is still followed.
"Once it hits the airwaves, you're open to people having it. There are very few things that would be a problem," she said.
Kelly said the kinks have to be worked out before anything is done.
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A comparative study of pH/activity profiles for the anaerobic H2O2 and alkyl hydroperoxide supported N demethylation of N methylaniline catalyzed by alkaline haematin and microsomal cytochrome P-450.
A comparative study of the effect of pH on haemin-mediated H2O2 and alkyl hydroperoxide-supported N-demethylation of N-methylaniline and the corresponding cytochrome P-450 mediated process has been carried out. This extends previous studies and provides quantitative evidence that the same active oxygen species are involved in both the enzymic and metalloporphyrin mediated processes. Furthermore, this evidence clearly indicates that the environment at the point of catalysis in the enzyme active site differs considerably from that of the bulk solution. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '069d56587bee5212369586dda8b1bf01b23e48f74c43fbfe34e8839ff3a118e4'} |
Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm only really concerned with RSA keys, so the exchange methods are RSA (generate a key, encrypt it, and send it over) and [EC]DHE_RSA (generate an ephemeral [EC]DH key, sign it, and use it for key agreement).
The actual operation in RSA is "Key Encipherment", and in [EC]DHE_RSA it's digital signature, but they're both forms of key agreement. So, which of "Key Encipherment", "Digital Signature", and "Key Agreement" are needed in the key usage extension for each method? I haven't been able to find this specified anywhere and it probably varies by implementation, so the answer might be a table per-implementation.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
The Key Usage extension is described in section of X.509, with the following possible flags:
KeyUsage ::= BIT STRING {
digitalSignature (0),
nonRepudiation (1), -- recent editions of X.509 have
-- renamed this bit to contentCommitment
keyEncipherment (2),
dataEncipherment (3),
keyAgreement (4),
keyCertSign (5),
cRLSign (6),
encipherOnly (7),
decipherOnly (8) }
In SSL/TLS, when the server certificate contains a RSA key, then:
• either a DHE or ECDHE cipher suite is used, in which case the RSA key is used for a signature (see section 7.4.3 of RFC 5246: the "Server Key Exchange" message); this exercises the digitalSignature key usage;
• or "plain RSA" is used, with a random value (the 48-byte pre-master secret) being encrypted by the client with the server's public key (see section of RFC 5246); this is right in the definition of the keyEncipherment key usage flag.
dataEncipherment does not apply, because what is encrypted is not directly meaningful data, but a value which is mostly generated randomly and used to derive symmetric keys. keyAgreement does not apply either, because that one is for key agreement algorithms which are not a case of asymmetric encryption (e.g. Diffie-Hellman). The keyAgreement usage flag would appear in a certificate which contains a DH key, not a RSA key. nonRepudiation is not used, because whatever is signed as part of a SSL/TLS key exchange cannot be used as proof for a third party (there is nothing in a SSL/TLS tunnel that the client could record and then use to convince a judge when tring to sue the server itself; the data which is exchanged within the tunnel is not signed by the server).
To sum up: digitalSignature for (EC)DHE cipher suites, keyEncipherment for plain RSA cipher suites. However, some implementations will also accept keyAgreement in lieu of keyEncipherment, or nonRepudiation even if digitalSignature is not set; and some will just totally ignore the Key Usage extension (even if marked critical). For maximum interoperability, specify all four flags in the Key Usage extension.
share|improve this answer
This is a very detailed answer, and seems plausible, but it doesn't really tell me anything I didn't know already. The question was about ambiguity in the standard, and you just cite those very same ambiguous portions of the standard. Do you have any references to documentation or code that this interpretation is correct? – Ben Jencks Dec 1 '12 at 21:36
Since I have written several SSL/TLS implementations and X.509 validation engines, which are deployed in the field, I can claim to be my own reference: at least my code works as I explain. – Thomas Pornin Dec 1 '12 at 21:58
I guess you could say you're a self signed authority (⌐■_■) – Rhythmic Fistman Jan 2 at 1:18
With Openssl tls v1.2 if you don't use keyAgreement in KeyUsage field you are not allowed to establish ECDH but only ECDHE. I think the OP would to know things like that. – boos Oct 15 at 16:17
Your Answer
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Meaning of Case, Word fallacies
From: lakr (
Date: Mon May 12 1997 - 16:19:10 EDT
> In this way inflected forms behave much like lexical forms. A lexical
> form has no meaning without a context. The lexical form is a key into a
> domain (paradigm) of possible meanings. Until the lexical form appears
> in a context, it is an uninstantiated variable, and it receives it's
> instantiation from contextual information. Outside of the the context
> the lexical form is only a key and is semantically empty.
> These notions are commonplace in discussions of lexical semantics but I
> rarely see them spelled out in grammars? Why not?
> Clay Bartholomew
> Three Tree Point
I have been trying to grasp the linguistic theories presented on this list
and must admit to a less than adequate understanding. However I think that
to say that a word has 'no meaning without a context' is an overstatement
and as much of a fallacy as saying that there is one lexical meaning for
a word that exists in all of it's contexts.
The example of the word 'roller coaster' is given in Carson's Exegetical Fallacies as a word that can mean more than one thing. The example is given of a
person describing their love life as a 'roller coaster', having ups and downs.
However, if you were to ask a person on the street to define what is meant
by a roller coaster, that definition would not necessarily be presented because
the fact that one's personal life can be described in those terms does not
mean that a new meaning has been added to the word 'roller coaster'.
That same person on the street might likely say that a roller coaster is
a large attraction at an amusement park with cars that ride on a track
which carries people on a fun filled ride. Even without a context the
mind can form an image of what it considers as a roller coaster.
Even if a person were to use the word 'roller coaster' in a context which
emphasizes it's 'up and down' properties, that does not change the fact
that the word has reference to the same large object which has cars and
carries people up and down on a track - It is just that the person did
not choose to emphasize the other characteristics that go along with the
concept of a roller coaster, perhaps it's size.
A young child who by nature of his short stature is not alowed to ride on
the roller coaster might indeed describe it in a way that emphasizes it's
size and not even be aware of the experience one has while riding one,
never having experienced it. That however does not change the fact that
it is still a 'roller coaster'.
Am I getting the hang of this yet ?
Larry Kruper
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Tuesday, September 05, 2006
Poweroffroad customer service - Adam & Tarek Mowafi
They are infamous for customer services and their poor refund policy.
Some documentation on the web:
• Tarek Mowafi of Poweroffroad rips someone of £2,000
• The Mowafi's dodgy business
• Trading standards court case
please do not give these people any money. They have ripped my son off to the tune of £333.69. They promise you the world and deliver nothing ecept heartache for your children!
Thank you so much, and I was serious about my offer of supplying you a bike if you want to see what the service is like yourself. This bike would be for free and for you to keep and review.
There is one glaring inaccuracy which is this NO refund policy. In actual fact POWEROFFROD has refunded over 100,000 pounds in the last 2 years and refund daily.
These previous refund come about because on any given day people cancel for reasons like
"I no longer want the bike"
"my wife is pregnant"
"no where to use"
We have never had a problem with refunds before the wrong bikes were delivered, some of these customers have waited longer for refunds than they should (due to the fact there original payment went to pay for the bike but the bikes which came were wrong so we ended up with unsellable bikes and a refund to make) but these are being refunded daily and WE are also adding interest from the day they paid, so it was like they never lost out on anything.
We are never rude to customers, I don’t even think Tarek or Adam have ever even answered a phone here. We have done our best to ensure good CS, we have over 14 CS lines on 3 nos, a dedicated CS e-mail address support@poweroffroad.com , this is answered real time as in if you send an e-mail in the morning you usually get a reply within a couple of hours.
Then if a customer has a complaint, we have complaints@poweroffroad.com which is answered by a manager.
We also have a rider's forum with over 2,500 customers this can be accessed via our homepage www.poweroffroad.com then rider's forum. This has reviews posts and pics
I have also attached photos of our warehouse for you to view.
Also again if you ever hear of anyone with a problem just pass it on to me.
The reason why I have taken the time to write all this to you, is ALL OUR CS TEAM has tried so hard to recover from the problems caused by the incorrect bikes being sent and we are now getting back to normal now, blogs like the one you created get people worried and then they call up and cancel when there is no reason.
I would like you to consider the above in view of fully removing of the blog.
01342 715 206
01342 715 354
01342 716 851
Info Team, Power Off Road
Please call the sales team for any info on
01342 715 206
01342 715 354
01342 716 851
Info Team, Power Off Road
We have been waiting for a bike for 4 months. POR were fully aware that this bike was for my daughters birthday (this was 3 months ago) They have been full of false promises and out right lies. We've been given 1 delivery date after another but still no bike. Its a very cruel world were people like this can seemingly get away with it.
I ordered two mini quads for my two sons christmas's on 12th November. I sent a cheque for £400 which they cashed within two days.I've phoned,emailed,sent a recorded delivery but they still havent replied. They have ruined our christmas. Now I know how the farepak customers feel.
My son paid £437 for a pit bike, no bike no correspondence. Have also written and loged complaint both with POR and Trading Standards. Will keep trying to get our money back and lookforward to the court hearing 21st December 2006. Hope something comes of that so other people dont get ripped off.
i paid £1230 which was cashed on 5th Octobedr after numerous promised delivery dates still no buggy for my two sons christmas after toomany emails and phonecalls with no answer how an i supposed to tell my two sons no buggy and no money for replacement present? the are robbing ********
I purchased a Buggy thorugh the Mowafi's, guess what! got ripped off (£2000, got £700 back). My advise to people, if you can find others in same position employ Debt Collectors, for as little as £500. They have ways of finding them and if unable to get money back, can take goods to the tune of money owing. If not hopefully will put fear of God into them.
Good Luck
Does anyone know how to go about getting money back then because i ordered a quad for 600 and dont know what to do, thanks
Paid £1500 for a buggy and have been promised a refund I don't know how many times Has anyone managed to get money back? Could we all possibly go own and search them out!!
i went to pappers and lawyers i no this man will not attend the court hearing he is long gone .a have 2 boys with adhd hyperactive ,who need to have 24 hr care so we decided to buy them motorbikes for there christmas so we ordered them from power off road which is an english based firm ,they asked us to pay the money into there account so we did wat they asked but no responce watever so a contacted them by telephone still nothing so we contacted trading standered and they told us that they have heard that they were on watchdog having ripped people off so we went to a lawyer and he wrote a registered letter still we heard nothing so ,we went back to lawyer for advice and he told us because they r in england and we are in scotland theres only one thing we can do is go to england and take court action as we cant do it in scotland as the laws are differant but we have since found out that people in england are taking them to court on 21st december ,but thats not helping me get my money or motorbikes,so we dont have anything for my kids christmas due to this and we dont work as we care for our 2 sons who have severe behaviour problems and we cant afford to get something else for there christmas so ther christmas is ruined can u please help us let others know before anyone else gets there christmas ruined and they get ripped off.im crying as this is very upsetting because thats eveyones christmas in our family ruined please
my son bought a pit bike from poweroffroad on the 9th of may last year, they promised a delivery within 6 weeks as there was a waiting list. i waited and waited the day came and still there was no bike. my sons excitement was starting to gradually decrease. i rang, emailed and even wrote to poweroffroad and every time the reply was a delivery date which didnt exist. we paid £400 for a rampage generation 2 125cc dirt bike. we had watched videos and seen pictures of the bike it looked so good we bought it. just recently we had found out that the Mowafi's had seased trading and gone to egypt. after that we were really annoyed knowing they had our money also other peoples. we requested for our money back via a letter. the letter was returned to us unsigned. we hope to get our money back asap but we and everyone else had been scammed.
my brother and I like alot of others have been ripped off we had seen the web address to this and were looking for two little motorbikes so we bought two 125cc pitbikes coming to around £700 we had waited for couple of months during this period we had tryed emails, letters and phone calls and we kept getting random dates which meant nothing and then there whole web address and emailing system had shut down and i'am now needing some help on what im to do.
Adam Mowafi can be viewed on facebook.com
I ordered my daughter a 80cc quad bike costing £500 of POR. A few days after i sent my order away i recieved a call from POR to confirm my request and they told me to send a cheque i did what i was asked. I did this in 2006 now 2 years later 2008 no quad has been recieved. I have emailed and called and kept records of the dates and phone conversations.
The web site has now come to a complete hault and the web site has been shut down!
Tarek Mowafi can be viewed on facebook too!
Tarek Mowafy and his family have rented an incredible estate from friends of ours in Egypt with your money. Guess what, they have not been paying them the rent and in my opinion are about to con some more people. God, my friend should have checked the internet before renting to these *****. Anyways, they need an orchestrated effort to bring them to justice.
Ny name is Mark hastler
while i cant comment on the familys past dealing becuase i didnt know them then
I know that family well, and very little of what is posted is true
I can see the person who posted the last comments is called rady atallah.
Rady attalah and his father wagi attalah are known theives in Egypt, after trying to sell their place to 2 people at the same time but were coaught in the act hence why they are posting rubbish.
His father wagi attalah also is a known drug dealer and can be often seen smoking hashis outside of his apartment window in zaimalic., whats funny is he makes it soo obvious when hes trying to hide
His son yaya attalah has been accused of rapeing a local male villager and is wanted by the egyptian police.
The truth needs to be known.
Having been browsing the internet yesterday for contact details for previous companies I worked for in order to update my CV I stumbled upon this when i thought i would look at what was said in the end of POR. I was a former employee at POR and I thought I would take the time to clear things up as it was about time somone did.
With regards to the blog sad to say you are clearly very miss informed and as a blogger whilst I understand you don't subscribe to any form of journalistic ethics maybe if the story was cleared up it might change some opinions.
Having worked there for over a year and a half from 2005 to mid 2006 the company grew from strength to strength the original aim of the company to at a time when a bike would cost £900 minimum make dirt bikes and quad bikes affordable to the masses. At its peek there was over 37 employees and we delivered over the time I was there over 9,000 bikes. This was no scam and if anyone uses some intelligence you will find there was nothing negative written about the company for over 2 years. These figures are very easily proven, go through China shippings record and you will find over 80 container loads imported by the company.
POR were sole agents for Apollo, Joyner and bifei.
I state with the upmost certainty that during my tenure none of the owners have any need or cause for the sake to "scam people or run away" in fact to be factually correct, you have stated that they fled to Egypt, actually Tarek has been in Egypt for most of time I worked in he company, he never fled he was already there, even when there when the company was at its most profitable he was in Egypt.
What led to the companies demise was what I believe a series of unlucky events poor CS handling due to poor management and an over Zealous trading standards. The companies whole structure was based on making small profits on large turnover, in 2006 Apollo supplied about 1600 incorrect items, as these were pre-paid essentially the customers money was already spent, and profits didn't cover anywhere near the amount required to cover full refunds. The company as left with 1,500 customers who couldn't be delivered as the stock was wrong.
I recommended at the time that the company stop trading but the owners insisted that they could turn it around.
Mr mowafy at this point put up his own personal money which was earned many years before this particular company even existed and ordered replacements. These would take about 9 weeks before they could be delivered.
This is where the over zealous trading standards came in, during this period they received about 1200 complaints, quite rightly from annoyed customers. As proof of his willingness Mr mowafy signed an undertaking that he would ensure this would not happen again, within the company this put us at ease we had a plan we knew what to do. Unfortunately trading standards didn't see it this way and although the complaints were just a trickle at this point they used the further complaints to start a case against the company, they were more concerned with justifying their expenses by seeking a judgement then they were the customers. What happen next was quite frankly unbelievable, after showing trading standards paid invoices for the replacements ensuring everyone would receive their bike or a refund within 4 months the posted a website stating that customers should cancel their order, what started happening was customers who had purchased products not affected by the incorrect stock started cancelling so it roller balled. No income and refund requests meant more and more stock from unaffected items arrived in but with no sales.
However will the full financial support of Mr mowafy who was in Egypt at the time as he had been for years we carried on, with him paying our salaries out of his pocket.
It was a rough time but we coped as day by day we were sorting out issues. Then the unthinkable happened, trading standards seized the computers, for an online company where all the phones and all customer service units are connected to the computers, this essentially closed the business. This was illegal as they were not legally allowed to shut the business down.
And so the story continues obviously with no phones working and no customer info customers rightly so became furious not realizing that we had no way of doing anything about it!!
Even so at that time Mr mowafy put up more of his money to clear 3 containers which held 1200 of the correct replacements to deliver to the customers even though the company was essentially shut, the containers were paid for and cleared but we had no customer info.
In an e-mail I helped structure we asked trading standards to return at least the CS computer or at least provide us with the files with delivery info so the customers could get their deliveries. All he people who posted here would have got their bikes.
Trading standards didn't want to help, their main concern was that their operation which cost £14,000 was justified. There was no point in fighting any more and there was nothing which could be done. With no way to reach anyone inaccurate info was spouted to the press who barely did any research to find out what really happened the matter ended with a court case which no one attended because it shouldn't have been started in the first place as the customers could have been delivered, and the fact the owners had been in Egypt already well before there were any problems. No one fled they were already there as they were from the begining always travelling between the 2 countries. To drive this point home further we at the company has his details in Egypt and so did trading stnadards he activly encouraged them to contact him to solve any problems, which they refused to do.
I sympathize with the customers who lost out, they were the victims in all this, and I am sure it didn't matter what happened but at least they should know what happened.
What I have said can easily be proved, the company used 2 hauliers TNT and night freight each of them hold records of all delivered items. China shipping was the shipper and if you look into you will see that 3 containers has been paid for and were in port and stayed there because trading standards refused to help the customers.
It was a sad ending to what was potentially a fantastic company.
It is clear this blog is being used to spout inaccuracies about the original case so setting the record straight is important. Mor mowafy was one of the most intelligent and honourable people i had worked with and to see such unresearched and factually inaccurate info posted is shuch a shame.
Anyone reading the above lies and bullshit should know that throughout the Poweroffroad fraud, Adam Mowafi routinely pretended to be an employee, a satisfed customer etc. spouting the same crap and promises which were never kept whilst they kept on cashing customer cheques.
The phony explanations above have Adam Mowafi's fingerprints (and characteristic typos) all over. Jamesc is one of his alter-egos. 'James Carter' claimed to be the manager of POR when dealing with customers and press, and in the corrupt pitbike forum, where as "Powermoderator" he assiduously removed critical messages and customer complaints. These are merely aliases used by Adam Mowafi to sustain the fraud.
The role of the authorities in this debacle needs investigation. Trading Standards were incompetent in pursuing the Mowafis, taking 18m and over 1,000 complaints to bolt the stable door. Surrey police were even more pathetic. There was an investigating officer, but he appears never to have done anything, even when repeatedly offered evidence by victims and journalists. And there is the very curious intervention of police when Tarek Mowafi was pursued by BBC's Watchdog, who turned up at his home only to find police waiting. Why, and why police chased the interviewer away, needs explanation. http://video.google.co.uk/videoplay?docid=-1775899803952419631&q=poweroffroad
This was a deliberate criminal fraud, not just a few screw ups with deliveries. Between 1500 - 3000 people each lost an average of £400, an est. £0.5m - £1.1m. The Mowafis worked the scam until the last possible moment before fleeing UK with a great deal of other peoples' money, cashed at a bureau in Crawley to avoid the empty TSB bank a/c from whence they issued bouncing refund cheques.
Adam can't even remember the lies he told back then. Now he claims 1600 bikes were misdelivered. He said 400 back then. None were returned to China, the Mowafis sold them and kept the cash, whilst failing to refund or fulfil the original orders. There was always a next shipment that was going to sort it out, until they and the money vanished.
Tarek was awarded an 18m gaol sentence in absentia, and was supposed to pay the £14k costs. Adam should have had his hands cut off. He was the more active fraudster, systematically lying to customers before and after his "sicknote" dad had left UK.
Adam Mowafi is now running yet another web "enterprise" at www.tazkarty.net (and its affiliate www.cairozoom.com). This caters for Cairo's rich kids, of which he is now one thanks to the customers POR robbed.
Tarek's address appears to be Abo Sir, Geza, Badrasheen,11211, Egypt. Tel +20.0104902156
Adam can be found on Facebook. http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=502136208 He is also Timmy Mowafi http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=500971344&ref=sgm
Just Google 'Mowafi Poweroffroad' to see the truth about these thieving scumbags.
Does anyone know where I can get the rampage bikes POR used to sell? I bought 3 from them and I want a similar one for my newphew in the same price range if possible
so, i know this is very old but i must say that the mowafi's are dumbest thieves you will ever meet. they don't even rehearse their lies and end up saying different things. recently wally was given a one year prison sentence for signing a false check. they are all in egypt now, but it seems like adam and his brother-in-law, yusef, are still ripping people off on the internet. they use an alias for their accounts and yusef handles skype converstions with 'customers', since adam can't do that anymore due to previous criminal records. they are not even careful as to not get caught, they are very sloppy and indiscreet. anyways, they are now living in cairo, giza specifically, in the same building as their office, still ripping off people and employees. there are many people in egypt who would just love to see them behind bars, especially amy and adam. they are the masterminds of all the crimes. so we know where they are, but why isn't anyone doing anything? and what will it take to actually get this case up and running because it seems like they are planning to go for another run.
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Tips on how to forgive a cheating wife
in Adultery, Forgiveness
Tips on how to forgive a cheating wife
Cheating between the husband and wife becomes very common these days and many husbands are searching the best ways to forgive a cheating wife and move on.
Forgiveness is really very important between a relationship in order to lead the smooth and happy life. If your married life is going to survive & thrive, you should need to find the best way to forgive your wife who is cheating. The following are the best path and recovery process to forgiveness.
Why should you forgive?
Before looking for the steps to forgiving cheating wife, you should also need to learn why you should forgive. There are actually 4 important factors for healing when your loveable person cheated.
1. The first one is the no contact message. It means your wife should send a clear message to any other person that there would not be further contact between them.
2. The next one is full access. Your spouse has to give the complete access to the phones, email and also the online accounts so you can make a confirmation that the affair between another person has ended or not.
3. The 3rd one is regret. Your pair must feel and show the deep regret to have cheated on you. If it is true, then it will be good further.
4. The last one is disclosure. Your wife has to disclose everything about her affair that you wish to know to decide any remaining questions you have regarding this happening.
When all these questions are satisfied and true, then you can forgive your cheating wife to have a new and happy life ahead.
forgive a cheating wife
How can you forgive your cheating wife?
One of the most important truths about the forgiveness is that it is unconditional. When someone wants to continue a relationship with that cheating person, he should forgive your wife to have a normal and loveable life. In the married life, all actions of your wife are the highly significant part of the forgiveness equation. This is why the above mentioned 4 factors are very important at all. If you forgive your wife, you will definitely feel better and your partner will also earn the most positive response from you.
When you first find out that your wife cheated on you, don’t ask her directly and you have to indirectly show your entire love on her. You should need to make her understanding your true love and then she will definitely end her another affair. During the forgiveness process, trust wife after she cheated and you should need to do the two stages such as denial and bargaining. You are in denial stage of how difficult it is to retrieve her from the past affair and you are bargaining that when you forgive your spouse, the total pain will go away.
After regretted if your wife is thinking to end the marriage life, you have to follow the calmness and convince her by forgiving to lead your happy and peaceful life ahead. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.976119875907898}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '25839', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XQJGIOI6AVUTMGHCHBGIIBQDH324NAUY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:57eec4e5-7034-4088-97fd-343a16c1ded2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 12, 12, 7, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.31.90.252', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BBSVHNZ4TH5ZYUWTOYILSIK4EP3BHUEQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:65b9a65d-8e1a-432f-8b28-fe10e660982f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.thepurplesocialsecurityplan.org/forgive-a-cheating-wife/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4dea5dc0-a6fe-4691-985e-af5824502e5b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '520', 'url': 'https://www.thepurplesocialsecurityplan.org/forgive-a-cheating-wife/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-142.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10187476873397827', 'original_id': '95027ac2ae17df6bb7e1afa44741d638d41763d0fb29cec8ae772593c0b5802d'} |
Ask Dr. Potato
Back To Dr. Potato Home
Can a Person with Diabetes Eat Potatoes?
I have diabetes and am wondering if it's okay to eat potatoes, can you please advise?
The U.S. Potato Board does a great job at explaining this topic, which you can read about at the following link: Diabetes and Potatoes | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '47', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9324897527694702}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '326379', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AYU4JKCNG6WFU3E2E6TDB7J6QNJP4QCI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8bf3d15a-2846-4428-84e6-274ab0babb25>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 26, 13, 18, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.92.208.246', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:D3MPJA4SLNC34YS6M73EJ6SFGESKDPY4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0f49180d-6acf-492c-a95e-45991a9a58d3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://idahopotato.com/dr-potato/can-a-person-with-diabetes-eat-potatoes', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2a0d63c8-58d6-4c29-83c1-d13664b067fd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '105', 'url': 'https://idahopotato.com/dr-potato/can-a-person-with-diabetes-eat-potatoes', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-204\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.379209041595459', 'original_id': 'd9fcf934052443fa913c248b07ec719f9487351bd451c5ebca9d260da9b303a8'} |
/**
*
*/
package com.janushenderson.automation.builders;
import com.github.javafaker.Faker;
import java.util.UUID;
public class RepositoryBuilder {
public static RepositoryDTO BuildRepositoryDTO() {
Faker faker = new Faker();
RepositoryDTO repositoryDTO = new RepositoryDTO();
repositoryDTO.setName(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
repositoryDTO.setDescription(faker.hobbit().quote());
repositoryDTO.setHomepage("https://github.com");
repositoryDTO.set_private(false);
repositoryDTO.setHas_issues(true);
repositoryDTO.setHas_projects(true);
repositoryDTO.setHas_wiki(true);
repositoryDTO.setIs_template(false);
repositoryDTO.setTeam_id(faker.number().numberBetween(0,999999999));
repositoryDTO.setAuto_init(true);
repositoryDTO.setGitignore_template("VisualStudio");
repositoryDTO.setLicense_template("mit");
repositoryDTO.setAllow_squash_merge(true);
repositoryDTO.setAllow_merge_commit(true);
repositoryDTO.setAllow_rebase_merge(true);
return repositoryDTO;
}
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/QAAutomationRules/SerenityAPITest/blob/master/src/test/java/com/janushenderson/automation/builders/RepositoryBuilder.java', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '', 'title': 'SerenityAPITest', 'creator': 'QAAutomationRules', 'language': 'Java', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '47', 'token_count': '319', '__index_level_0__': '51803', 'original_id': 'a1c2833381542c9e05d6851f35c14087e9fc3781fefd2f481029d4d36c26432a'} |
AntiSocial Media
I view social media as a necessary evil of our time. I can’t pinpoint when exactly it became so prominent, but the evolution has been swift and unyielding.
Posted by michele in Advertising, Media, Social Media | October 31, 2012
Connecting with an audience is the most important goal an advertiser needs to accomplish. Beyond pushing your agenda, your message and your product... you need to connect with your consumer on their level in order to make your brand or product relevant to their daily lives.
This desire to make a connection inevitably and quite naturally found itself taking over the internet. It makes sense... Go where the people are. You cannot get through a single work day without logging on, so why not focus advertising energy to those sites which are visited most. But, how can you make your efforts social and interactive? Many have found their answer to be: By incentivizing! How many businesses have you liked simply because you liked them? Or did they have to ask you to, boasting some sort of promise? Do you still visit those websites or has the social media realm captivated your attention?
This brings me to my title for this piece, AntiSocial Media. I believe, as I said before, that social media is a necessary evil, but an evil nonetheless. And while its title implies a form of communicating which promotes social behavior, it, in fact, diminishes our abilities to be social, connect and interact on a personal level. What’s the need for calling your college buddies to catch up when you can view their lives on the internet, look at pictures of their wedding and see their kids grow up in the posted family photo albums...? No need to call your friends about buying that new house, just post it and they can take the tour themselves!
This reminds me of the car commercial where the daughter says her parents aren't really living because they don’t have any friends on Facebook, all the while, they are out enjoying their lives while she is sitting at home socializing on her computer, alone.
Through all this quick and easy connection comes a very real disconnect far greater than I think we would like to admit. What’s more important, living your life for you, or so it fills your wall nicely? Do you take pictures for yourself anymore, or has personal photography reduced itself to the sole purpose of showing off? I hope we can get back to a healthy balance of communication where we can supplement our lives with technology but not replace it entirely. Unfortunately, it has become so common, that to not have a presence means you don’t exist.
We continue this trend because “everybody else is doing it”, and I certainly have nothing against the platforms themselves, just what human nature has done with them. So, we do what we have to, to prove that we exist and that our clients do as well - but I look forward to a time where advancements improve our abilities, instead of hindering them.
Tagged as advertising,jacksonville ad agency,jacksonville advertising agency,social media | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9593642950057985}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '16776', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:R6TXEKNOHKL6CBCTAEJNVXC6BRK4TXZ6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:73283933-cfbe-499d-b76f-8839e128c621>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 18, 5, 34, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '162.242.155.182', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Y76EYKOVOUJSF4LRHSGGGTXP3PXJOFPS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ae82da8b-0355-459d-a5b3-6dae7677bb30>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://madmenmarketinginc.com/blog/antisocial-media', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3b87feb5-6006-40fd-a304-ff6a34c0e1f6>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '521', 'url': 'https://madmenmarketinginc.com/blog/antisocial-media', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-142-166-51.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.055133283138275146', 'original_id': '34aea5964e14dfdb8f50d460bf7f8ab2b40fa53e32c1c690493ad3070e4efcab'} |
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Myopic government ignores Charter anniversary
With just days to go until the Charter’s 30th birthday, there has been no word of plans for an official commemoration.
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
By Irwin Cotler
Thu., April 12, 2012
On April 17, Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms will celebrate its 30th birthday. This momentous occasion deserves commemoration and observance, as we mark one of the most important advances in the promotion and protection of human rights both domestically and abroad. Indeed, Canadians now enjoy a panoply of rights and remedies that we almost inconceivable prior to the Charter, and which has had a transformative impact not only on our laws, but on our lives, not only on how we litigate, but on how we live.
Regrettably, the 30th anniversary of any of the events in the landmark process to enshrining Charter rights has gone without any remark or notice from the government. Indeed, with just a few days until the Charter’s birthday we have yet to hear of any plans for official commemoration from the government. This, unsurprisingly, continues a disturbing trend of the government marginalizing the Charter, as it did most notably on its 25th anniversary. As a 2007 article in The Lawyer’s Weekly noted, “Stephen Harper, a prominent Charter skeptic, and his justice minister, Rob Nicholson, were conspicuously absent from the commemorative festivities.”
The Charter merits both recognition and respect from the government, reflective of the reverence it is accorded by both Parliament and the judiciary. Then Chief Justice Antonio Lamer spoke on the 10th anniversary of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms of it being a “revolution in law comparable to the discovery of Pasteur in science.” Madame Justice Claire L’Heureux-Dubé, after just five years of the Charter being in effect, said in 1987 that Canada had “stretched the cords of liberty” more in five years than — in some instances — the United States had done in 200 years. And even if one wants to say that some of that was enthusiastic rhetoric, it is clear that the Charter was indeed revolutionary.
Under the Charter, Canada moved from being a parliamentary democracy to being a constitutional democracy. Courts moved from being the arbiters of legal federalism — whether the matter is federal or provincial — to being guardians of our constitutional rights, not because the courts usurped Parliament’s authority but because we, Parliament, on behalf of the Canadian people, gave them that power. Individuals moved from being the objects of rights to being subjects of rights, with the full panoply of fundamental rights and remedies that were unavailable in pre-Charter law.
Indeed, pre-Charter life and law is often a disturbing narrative of discrimination against, and marginalization, of vulnerable groups, including discrimination against aboriginal people, against racial and religious minorities, against women, against the disabled, against gays and lesbians, against immigrants and refugees, and the like. But, if you go about the country — as I did while minister of justice — and ask Canadians if their rights are better protected now than they were 30 years ago, the answer is invariably yes. This also finds expression in the public opinion polls themselves, where the Charter has emerged as an icon of the Canadian political culture.
Interestingly enough, the Charter earned respect and recognition beyond our borders. In an interview with Egyptian television earlier this year, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg urged Egyptians in their nascent state of democratic reform to look beyond the U.S. Constitution to the constitutions of Canada and South Africa, whose constitution was informed by our very own Charter; while South African courts have been influenced by our Charter, and have cited it more than the constitution of any other jurisdiction.
Simply put, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms is promotive and protective of what the pursuit of justice is all about. It is promotive and protective not only of the inherent dignity and worth of every human being, but the equal dignity and worth of all human beings — where one can aspire to a society which celebrates both equality and human dignity — a society which not only speaks to us in terms of who we are — that recognizes the dignity of difference — but also in terms of what we as Canadians, both collectively and individually, can aspire to be.
It would be only appropriate for the government to recognize the singular significance of the Charter by celebrating and commemorating its 30th anniversary, and recognize its place and importance in both the juridical and political history of Canada, and beyond.
Irwin Cotler is the Member of Parliament for Mount Royal and the former minister of justice and attorney general of Canada. He is a professor of law (emeritus) at McGill University.
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Q:
AEM 6.1, HTL:: Unable to apply style to a piece of text
Here is a piece of code in the HTL file of a component:
<p id="info" data-sly-use.info="info-text.js">
${info.text}
</p>
and this is the info-text.js
use(function () {
// TODO: change currentStyle to wcm.currentStyle
var CONST = {
PROP_INFO_TEXT: "infoText",
PROP_DEFAULT_TEXT: "Enter information text here"
}
var info = {};
// The actual title content
info.text = granite.resource.properties[CONST.PROP_INFO_TEXT]
|| CONST.PROP_DEFAULT_TEXT
return info;
});
PROP_DEFAULT_TEXT is the default text which shows up on the page when the infoText property is not authored yet. I am looking to somehow provide style to this default text "Enter information text here". I tried using
PROP_DEFAULT_TEXT: "<p style='default-text'>Enter information text here</p>"
but on the page it appears like simple text as below:
I am not sure if I have use HTL Context to make it work and I try a few things but it won't work. So, I don't know what exactly should I do to make it work.
Thanks in advance
A:
First style="default-text" is not correct CSS, please use correct CSS rules with style attribute.
Second, when trying to render HTML via HTL expression, you must set the display context to html:
${info.text @context='html'}
Note: use github.com/Adobe-Marketing-Cloud/aem-htl-repl for quick HTL testing.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '6a834b93926a15a08353c69cba5e6952b90dbe04ebe2359bc35d58be5cbc680f'} |
Took a Break from Posting on the blog
I haven’t made a post on this blog for almost four months now, and I’m trying to figure out why.
It’s not like anything big has happened since January that is taking up my time. My laptop and iPhone are still working fine.
I just haven’t thought of anything to write about because Taiwan is starting to become “home”. It will never be home because home is where my family is, but I have become so accustomed to living here that every day is a non-event. I now wake up and am not surprised that I’m in a tiny room filled with the sound of traffic. I don’t long for a home-made veggie-packed omelette in the morning because I know I can now get a triangle sandwich and soy milk at the 7-Elevens that are on every street corner.
I also feel physically different than I was before I came to Taiwan. I have the small beginnings of a paunch. The muscles that I worked on so hard last summer on have slowly disappeared, especially in my arms. My hair has grown longer because I’m trying to be Taiwanese-style trendy. My back is stiff from sitting in class for so long. There are other health changes that I’ll get into in later posts (nothing serious at all, don’t worry).
So I’ve become accustomed to almost everything in my day to day life. That’s why it’s been hard for me the last four months to post anything on this blog. I hope to start up again starting now, since my time in Taiwan is nearing its end.
Counterintuitive Solution to Street-Litter Problem
One of the biggest noticeable differences between Taiwan and China is that the streets in Taiwan are much cleaner. I’ve been walking to and from school almost every day, and I don’t think I’ve noticed any trash on the street so far. I then also noticed that I hadn’t seen a single public trashcan on the street in the last ~2 weeks I’d been in Taipei.
When I brought this up with my host mom, she pointed out that there aren’t any trashcans on the street in Singapore either. After googling this, the ostensible reason is that trashcans can house IEDs and by removing the trashcans Singapore is reducing its risk of terrorist attacks (
I thought Singapore was one of the cleanest cities/countries* in the world?
Maybe the secret to having a litter-free city is to remove garbage cans from the street? I think removing the garbage cans puts the pedestrians in the mindset of holding onto their litter and saving it for the garbage can in their office, school, or home.
If you leave the house and plan to eat your breakfast slowly, spaced throughout a 45-minute bus commute to Chinese class at another high school, you better bring a backpack to store your trash in (which I always do).
If you readers have any guesses as to why streets without trashcans are cleaner, please comment below! Perhaps it is just coincidence that both Taipei and Singapore’s streets are clean, but I think there’s a reason for everything…
*Singapore is both a city state and a country at the same time.
Animals of Da Jia (大甲）
This weekend I went to my host mom’s uncle’s house in a small suburban town in the center of Taiwan for the Mid-Autumn Festival.
It was my first time staying in a rural town in Taiwan. Oceans of rice plants and tons of little animals everywhere. This rabbit was caged in Uncle’s garage. It stood on its hind legs whenever I approached so it looked really human, which made me feel bad about it being in a cage (funny how that works!).
Uncle took us out at night to walk along the narrow streets that had deep gutters on both sides that bordered the rice fields. He brought a flashlight and we looked for fish, shrimp, and birds in the gutters. Most of the fish and shrimp only come out at night. When the flashlight shone on them they just stood still in the water. I amazingly didn’t get bitten by any mosquitoes even though I was always slapping at my neck and legs.
A flattened snake (we’d brought a walking stick along just in case we saw a live one that wanted to attack):
Learning Chinese Zodiac Pairings
Over the Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋節）I went to my host mom’s brother’s house in the middle of Taiwan (台中). He is a textile factory owner and has lived in a suburban town (pop. 70,000) called 大甲 for most of his life. He (Uncle) gave me a detailed demonstration about the zodiac and also told about me some zodiac-related rules that should come in handy later in life.
Uncle first drew on the back of a calendar the twelve Chinese zodiac animals. I was born in the year of the Rat (鼠）. Challenge: Can you find that character on the paper?
I learned that drawing the zodiac animals on your hand (like the photo below) is a good way of learning of the pairings:
I also learned of two things to pay attention to when interacting with others:
1). The Six Groups: Rat(鼠) is paired with the Ox(牛), Tiger(虎) with Pig(豬), and moving to the index finger and pinkie finger, go upwards and pair the animals directly across from each other. End with the animals on the middle finger and ring finger (Horse(馬) and Sheep(羊)). These pairs are compatible with each other for business or marriage.
2). The Four Groups: So Rat (鼠) would be paired with Dragon(龍) and Monkey(猴). These three are also compatible.
He said people born in the year of the Horse(馬) are easily scared of people born in the year of the Snake(蛇).
I really enjoyed staying overnight at Uncle’s house because the surroundings were really peaceful and different from the bustling city.
Sigh… Because of the sun in this photo, I’ll have to say: #nofilter
This was the view of a rice field from the bathroom window.
Yangming Mountain National Park
I visited Yangming Mountain National Park which gave me the best view of Taipei that I’ve had so far. Before getting to the good view, we stopped at some hot springs and we dipped our feet in the hot water.
It took a few seconds for my feet to get used to the heat and then I was fine.
The young man in the above photo drove me and another exchange student all around Taipei. He is the son of the current Chungho Fullmay Rotary Club president. He brought his girlfriend along. She’d just bought a fish=eye iPhone attachment as well as a monopod phone thing:
Yangming Shan (Shan(山)＝Mountain) National Park has four mountains, the tallest of which is Mt. Qixing (七星山) which means Seven Star Mountain.
The mountains aren’t that tall, Qixing being only 1,120m, and the four mountains were all connected by rolling, grassy hills. The grass was super tall in some places.
The grass’d brought cows, which brought cow chips that scattered the grassy hills. Some were fresh and some were dried. The exchange student and I shared a laugh over one that had apparently be used as an ashtray.
The freshest cow chip was one about ten seconds old from a cow that was crossing the walking path. After it’d almost tripped on the rope handrail, it pooped on the gravel path and continued, going down the hill and towards a shepherd who yelled in a deep, hoarse voice at the cows. The tourists around us all looked towards the dark shapes of the cows as they moved through the sea of grass, down the mountain, mooing all the way. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '366', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9726831316947936}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '81997', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OMRQEZLYBXX6YLQ46PE7TK6SVKMP75LL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:941ef55b-ba29-4dfd-9a73-86d032b4092e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 22, 20, 55, 44), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.13', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XDREB3HSGTL2FE7IUTMIR5V4UKFHP225', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:fa580985-6e40-4d6a-8cd8-2344fdaf3043>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://vinayintaiwan2015.wordpress.com/tag/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3a29492a-1a08-40a0-8879-3c6095265776>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1672', 'url': 'https://vinayintaiwan2015.wordpress.com/tag/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-116.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03563898801803589', 'original_id': '635e35f4e255f8b02b554ae88b30829546e10f0f3ba7c2e179e9f46fb1d4f027'} |
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Chase was diagnosed with Phelan McDermid Syndrome at the age of 2 and is one of only 1500 people diagnosed worldwide. Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS), is also known as 22q13 Deletion Syndrome. It is a genetic condition that is caused by a mutation of the SHANK3 gene or a deletion (a missing piece) of genetic material that causes many different but related symptoms. The genetic changes that cause PMS vary from person to person and can occur randomly (de novo) or be inherited from a parent who carries a related genetic change.
Because the genetic changes vary, the symptoms of PMS vary too, and can cause a wide range of medical, intellectual, and behavioral challenges. The most common characteristics found in those with PMS are intellectual disability of varying degrees, delayed or absent speech, symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, low muscle tone, motor delays, and epilepsy. There is currently no cure or treatment specifically for PMS, but we know how to manage many of the symptoms and researchers are working hard to improve our knowledge of PMS and to find drugs and therapies that can help people affected by PMS.
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Hannaford may not have to pay banks' breach costs under PCI, says Gartner
The company says it was in compliance with PCI rules
March 27, 2008 12:00 PM ET
Computerworld - If Hannaford Bros. Co. was compliant with the Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard at the time it was breached, banks and credit unions will have a hard time getting the supermarket chain to pay their breach-related costs, according to a Gartner Inc. analyst.
PCI refers to a set of 12 broad security controls that all entities accepting payment-card transactions are required to follow. The standards are mandated by Visa, MasterCard and other major credit card brands and provide for hefty fines against companies that fail to implement the mandated controls and then suffer breaches. The PCI requirements went into effect about two years ago, though many companies are still not fully complaint.
Scarborough, Maine-based Hannaford has said it was PCI-compliant at the time its data was compromised. It disclosed on March 17 that unknown intruders had broken into its computer networks and stolen credit and debit card information on 4.2 million customers. The company said the thefts appear to have happened during the transaction-authorization stage, which occurs after a payment card has been swiped at a register. The stolen information includes card numbers and expiration dates.
Hannaford spokeswoman Carol Eleazer today said the company was certified as being compliant with PCI as recently as this February. Hannaford had been similarly certified last year, Eleazer said.
If true, Hannaford has a safe harbor under PCI and will not be required to reimburse banks and credit unions for any breach-related costs they may incur, according to information that Gartner analyst Avivah Litan said she has previously received from Visa Inc. Typically under PCI rules, if a company is noncompliant at the time of a beach, it faces two potential costs: fines from the payment-card companies and reimbursements of breach-related costs sustained by card-issuing banks and credit unions. Those costs can include payment of fraud losses resulting from the use of compromised payment-card data as well as breach notification and the costs associated with reissuing cards.
The fines and the reimbursement costs are not collected directly from the breached entity but through the "acquiring bank" that authorizes a company such as Hannaford to accept payment-card transactions. Under PCI rules, it is these acquiring banks that are directly responsible for ensuring that their merchants are PCI-compliant.
In Hannaford's case, while its acquiring bank may still get hit with a fine, "the buck stops there," Litan said. "Under the guidance Visa gave me, the acquiring bank wouldn't be able to take it back to the retailer," she said.
The issue of costs associated with breaches is becoming an increasingly prickly one in the payment-card industry. Credit unions and smaller banks, in particular, have been fretting for some time over the costs they have had to bear because of retail data compromises. In the past, they have said such costs can be as high as $20 to $30 for each card they replace after a data compromise.
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March 13, 2018 - Phil Hodgen
The New Tax Law and Expatriation: New Reasons to Renounce
Our trusted servants in Washington DC blessed us with a new tax law, effective December 22, 2017. The new law–the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 20171 –did not change the expatriation tax rules, but it did make expatriation more attractive to a certain group of Americans abroad.
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act2 changed many, many parts of the Internal Revenue Code. The international tax rules, in particular, have been massively changed.
But Congress did not touch Sections 877A or 2801 of the Internal Revenue Code. Those are the two special-purpose statutes that impose tax on people who renounce US citizenship or abandon their green cards.
Therefore, someone who expatriates in 2018 will face the same tax laws that applied to someone expatriating in 2017, 2016, or before.
Economic Incentives
The basic tax rules for expatriation are unchanged. But for a certain group of Americans (mostly living abroad), the new tax law radically increased the cost of keeping US citizenship. The economic incentives for renouncing citizenship–or abandoning a green card–have tilted further in favor expatriation. It is now more expensive for these people to retain US citizenship.
Incentives matter. “If you have dumb incentive systems you get dumb outcomes.” That’s a quote from Charlie Munger in the linked YouTube video, and I highly recommend watching the whole 9 minute video.
Congress has created tax disincentives for a certain group of Americans. We should not be surprised if we see these Americans reacting in predictable ways to those disincentives.
The people who will want to rethink their citizenship will be Americans, mostly abroad, who own or invest in foreign businesses. These are entrepreneurs, business owners, venture capitals, private equity investors. These are people who create jobs and build wealth.
A dual-citizen physician in Canada who operates her practice through a professional corporation might be an example. A start-up tech entrepreneur based in Singapore might be another. A private equity investor, buying and selling companies in Europe, might be a third example.
In short, all you need is a human with a US passport (or green card) and a business outside the United States.
The New (Dis)Incentives
This group of people–entrepreneurs, investors–are the people we work with day in and day out. They face two new (dis)incentives, courtesy of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017:
• Tax. Corporate profit that previously would not be taxed in the United States might now be taxed in the United States; and
• Professional Fees. The new tax laws add complexity and uncertainty. Navigation and countermeasures will mean massive legal and accounting fees.
How the Incentives Work
Consider a simple example. A US citizen lives abroad, and owns 100% of a foreign corporation. The foreign corporation has a normal type of business: anything from retail sales to professional service.
Before: No US Tax on Corporate Profits
In the days of old, the US citizen could reasonably expect that corporate profits would be taxable in the foreign country, but not in the United States.3 The US citizen would only pay US income tax on salary and dividends received.4
Now: Likely US Tax on Corporate Profits
The new laws create new methods by which the United States can tax a US shareholder on profits earned by a foreign corporation.
At a meta level, the new tax laws created potential tax breaks for foreign corporations owned by US corporations. In many instances (and only after lighting a few brain cells on fire trying to figure out answers to questions using the gratuitously over-complex new tax rules) foreign profits flow upstream to the US parent corporation without further US tax. Tax-free foreign profits. What’s not to like? (If you name happens to be Apple).
These tax breaks do not apply to foreign corporations owned by US individuals. If the gratuitously complex new tax rules force profits upstream to be (potentially) taxed in the hands of the US shareholders, the tax breaks available to US corporations are prohibited for US persons.
In short: US corporations good, US humans bad.
This creates a tax risk for American entrepreneurs abroad. They can handle this risk in one of four ways:
• Create a new US parent corporation for their foreign corporation. Instead of owning that simple corporation in Singapore as a human, you create a Delaware corporation that owns the stock of that Singaporean corporation, and you own the stock of the Delaware corporation.
• Do not make changes to the business structure, pay more US tax and pay more for US legal and accounting advice.
• Stop being a business owner. Get a job working for someone else.
• Expatriate.
Either Way, Legal and Accounting Fees
But any way you cut it, there will be heavy legal and accounting fees for the American entrepreneur abroad to navigate the new tax laws–even if nothing can be done to avoid the new law’s impact.
Furthermore, legal and accounting fees will be more expensive in the future. Form 5471 is now going to be more complicated than before, and that means more money to prepare that tax form.
The Wakeup Call
American business owners abroad are waking up to a rude tax bill that will be presented to them on their 2017 tax return. The new tax law (“Section 965” if you want to ask Mr. Google about it) says, in simple terms, “take all of the retained earnings for your foreign corporation, do some math, and report this as taxable income in 2017”.
I have talked to Americans who own foreign businesses and have been operating for 20 years. They might have $3 million of retained earnings in their corporations.
After doing the complex math in the new tax law, they face a US tax liability of hundreds of thousands of dollars, payable over eight years, starting with their 2017 tax return.
This wakeup call has been heard. We receive calls and emails from these people, asking about expatriation. They have had enough.
It’s predictable. If you want less of something, tax it more. If you want fewer American entrepreneurs abroad, make the tax rules worse.
What To Do
For those of you who own businesses abroad (even if you are a minority shareholder), here’s what you need to do:
1. Ask your tax advisor about Internal Revenue Code Section 965. The best advice we are giving right now is to make a guess at an estimated tax payment and pay it before April 15, 2018.
2. File for an extension of time to file your income tax return. Use Form 4868. No one knows the rules right now (especially the IRS), so give yourself until October 15, 2018 to gain some clarity.
3. Hire someone to give you tax advice for how to structure or restructure your business operations abroad for 2018 and future years. Look at US taxation of corporate profits. Do you like what you see? If not, either restructure your business to make the result less bad, submit to the Borg and be assimilated, or . . .
4. Make plans for expatriation.
In Other News
Beginning with the next Expatriation Only post, Debra Rudd, CPA, will be taking over as the author. She has provided tax advice for would-be expatriates, and prepared hundreds of expatriation tax returns. Debra will provide a fresh perspective on the complex tax issues facing those who decide to renunciate their US citizenship. You can expect to see practical and easy to understand advice from a seasoned tax preparer who has been in the trenches and made it out again.
1. This is a link to the Wikipedia article about the new law. There is much love for Paul Krugman in the article: he is cited as authority for three different assertions. Read the article and you might be able to discern the political bias of the Wikipedia hive mind.
2. This is a link to the actual legislation. If you want to understand what Congress did–and if you want to sleep–download the Conference Report PDF.
3. This statement is full of assumptions. I am thinking here of an incorporated business that provides goods or services to the general public, and has very little or no passive income (dividends, rent, etc.).
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Saturday, November 30, 2013
Getting Ready for Christmas
Since it's after Thanksgiving, we're all making way for the next big thing: Christmas! My family and I made sure to get ready for it yesterday and today, making sure to decorate the house with it.
We keep our Christmas decorations in a shelf above the garage. We have so many of them that they fill the shelves on all four of the walls. Because of that, we have to haul them all down before we do anything else. That's what my dad and I did yesterday. The boxes took up half of the garage, so we had to put the cars outside and come in through the door.
Today, my sister and mom put up all of the decorations around the house. My mom has a thing for collecting Santa Klaus figures, so all around the house you feel like Santa is staring at you (deciding whether I'm naughty or nice?). There's also some fake holly and snowmen, but for the most part, Santa dominates the house. Regrettably, we don't have a mistletoe to seal the deal but oh well.
Now my house is officially in the Christmas spirit. Christmas is dominating the house now, replacing all of the other decorations that are here. Soon enough, Christmas will be here too, but for now the decorations will keep up appearances.
Thursday, November 28, 2013
Calorie Counting
I am sick of calorie counting. With Thanksgiving here, I have decided to temporarily give it up. Maybe I'll give it up permanently, I don't know. I am so sick of this.
I first downloaded the calorie counting app after increasing pressure at home on watching what I eat. It's been a major pain in the butt since.
It's pretty exasperating remembering to update the thing every day and then trying to remember what foods you've eaten. To do each individual food is no fun. And then to try to find what specific brand of food you've eaten and how many servings you've eaten makes it even more annoying (this is especially hard if what you're eating is homemade or from a cafeteria). Given those factors, I doubt its accuracy.
The thing grades you too. Actually gives you a letter grade. So with every thing I put in, I feel the pressure. So when I go over my limit, it yells at me. Of course, I did learn something from that. While I only 1600 to 1800 calories on average, what I eat is total crap from a nutritional standpoint. And so it tells me. It's like the stupid app is judging me or something.
I'm probably taking this too personally. These apps are supposed to help me, not hurt me. It's about health, not weight. This just touches on old wounds. I have a hard time doing things in moderation as well: I'm either all in or all out of something. So I've been fighting becoming obsessive.
At dinner tonight, though, the hell to it. I'm eating whatever I want.
Wednesday, November 27, 2013
Going to the Movies
Going to the movies is always a festive occasion. Something about it feels totally different than just watching it at home (and it's not just the high prices that we pay for just about everything). When I went to see Catching Fire, it was no different.
First stop is the ticket counter, of course. I brought twenty dollars and they took ten. So that I only had half left off the bat. Then it came to the snacks and I barely had enough money with my other ten. By the time I finished, I felt totally ripped off. Part of me was thinking how it was a total and utter scam. What was the big difference from doing it at home? Home is certainly cheaper and the soda there is reasonably sized.
But then it hit me once I came in: there's a whole unique theater experience. There's the watching the previews for about a half hour (which isn't like commercials because it shows movies in the future and is interesting). Then there's the whole crowd experience and the popcorn experience well.
The theater is also fairly different from home because it's so big. Everything is louder and much more dramatic, intensified. It's so much more exciting and feels entirely different. It's so exciting you guzzle down on the popcorn so quickly that it's gone within the first ten minutes of the show. Then maybe you don't have to feel quite as ripped off.
Yet before you know it, the show is over. The popcorn is empty and the soda is still half full (because it was so huge). You're either mumbling to yourself or to your fellow moviegoer how good it is or mumbling how disappointed you are to have spent all that money on something mediocre or downright awful. Then you're rushing to the bathroom trying to beat out the millions of other people who waited the whole movie to pee out the gigantic soda you've just consumed.
Monday, November 25, 2013
Looking for Inspiration
Inspiration is everywhere. Sometimes, you have to look a little harder than other times, but it's still possible. Writer's block might zap up the ability to do it, but it's still possible to get it if you try hard enough.
I've been having a little trouble writing fantasy. I was afraid that my fantasy-writing skills would abandon me forever. I wasn't going to give up that easily, though, and so I didn't.
A lot of people think that writing just comes. But that rarely (if ever) happens. No, you have to work harder than that. Inspiration doesn't just flow; you have to drill for it. And boy, have I been drilling for it today.
Part of writing fantasy is getting yourself into that fantasy mindset. So I had to try to do that first to think of ideas. How to do that I didn't quite know, being how I had lost it to begin with. I tried appealing to the lovely artwork on Deviantart, but that wasn't enough. I thought that if I couldn't do it by myself, there was nothing wrong with getting some help. So I turned to a friend to help me out and she told me to read more fantasy (I had been reading much less than I should) and she gave me this handy dandy website: She also told me look outside at the world and see how I could morph it through a fantasy lens (I've found just looking at the world helps think of ideas in general).
With a combination of the site and Deviantart, I was able to jumpstart some ideas (at least for some short stories). Looking outside also helped me too. It took some work, but I was able to do it. I've also resolved to read some more fantasy books especially some high fantasy books.
So overall, it is possible to find some inspiration. You just have to tap it and force it out and it will come.
Sunday, November 24, 2013
I Can't Write Fantasy Anymore
I've come upon a sad revelation as of late: I can't write fantasy anymore. Or at least not well. Alas, it seems that all of my writing ideas are realistic fiction with the exception of one. I tried to sit down and write fantasy for a contest, but alas, I could think of nothing. Thinking of a science fiction idea was equally as hopeless.
And then it hit me: I can't write fantasy anymore. Before, I was in denial, but at that moment, I truly couldn't deny it.
This is probably due to the fact that the vast majority of what I read is realistic fiction. Due to my difficulty of finding good fantasy, I stopped reading it for the most part. I missed the traditional high fantasy that filled my childhood.Paranormal romance and urban fantasy, while interesting at first, became terribly formulaic and dull. So gradually, I just stopped for the most part. Unfortunately, however, that seems to have dried me of most of my inspiration. Sci-fi faced similar problems with the overwhelming amount of dystopian literature.
In the past, fantasy was pretty much all that I used to write. It loosened my imagination and freed my mind. I saw the world with more open eyes. Now that I don't write it as much, I don't have as much of that. There was such an innocence to it. Of course, my later fantasy became much darker but still, it was the fantasy I was used to. Eventually, I reached out and tried writing different things yet fantasy was still my primary outlet.
Now it's the other way around. Some might say this is just the way it goes and writers evolve. Still, I miss my fantasy. I wouldn't mind writing so much realistic fiction if I could write some more fantasy.
I know I should be grateful that I can still write. A lot of writers face dry spells and can't write anything. Still, I miss my fantasy terribly.
Saturday, November 23, 2013
Overprotective Loved Ones
Thursday, November 21, 2013
We all have our secrets. Some of us lock them up and bury them, while others clutch it in our hearts as we wait for somebody to spill them to. The deepest ones kill us from the inside out and they threaten to bury us alive.
We were bored. It was right before exams. Everyone was in a circle talking. And, of course, since we all needed to do something, we tried to think about what to do. I had come in relatively late into the game, so of course I hadn't heard everything. What do you do when bored? You try to titillate yourself, try to find some sort of excitement. When it comes to teenagers, those sorts of things are sex, secrets and rumors. The one stipulation was that we all had to keep what was said in our circle in our circle. Why I participated in this I have no idea (especially when I should have been studying)
Sex is something that I can handle. Yes, some of the questions/ games pressured some of us to reveal very personal things. I held back as much as I could, but I did learn that I look like a child in comparison to some of my peers.
But the secrets... No, I couldn't tell any of my secrets. At one point, they said, "Ask anything sexual or personal." Sexual, yes. Personal, no. Because there are some things I have locked up inside of me that I will keep until the day I die. The number of people I reveal them to are slim. if any at all. Luckily, no one asked anything too personal (unless you count the sexual questions). There was a "Never Have I Ever" one that said, "Never have I ever told anyone the worst thing I have ever done", but she didn't ask what the worst thing we had ever done was.
I recently found out about the secrets of one of my new friends. Not necessarily a secret, per se, but not something she talks about all of the time. I knew that a lot of people keep things hidden, but for some reason, I was astounded yet again by this. And I realized that everyone has my sort of secrets.
And that made me think about the nature of secrets. People can high off of someone else's secret, blab them to the world. Secrets can be exciting and thrilling especially when shared. Maybe that's why so many people blab and why rumors happen. They're not bad necessarily, or even all that big (even has its share of cute and funny secrets). Yet sometimes, secrets can trap us inside of ourselves and make us hide. Sometimes, it is when we release our secrets that we are freer to become selves that we never thought that we could become. Vulnerable in the telling perhaps, but ultimately free. Sometimes, we might think our secrets horrifying or depressing when they aren't that at all.
I have so many secrets that I wish didn't have to be secrets. Things that I wish I could tell someone. Maybe to feel closer, maybe to feel less alone, maybe to release them. But big secrets are, well, big and can only be trusted with certain people. And I know that for others this is true as well but still, we press on.
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Leasing companies as the new players on the aircraft parts playgroundWith air transportation vividly developing across the globe, the aircraft aftermarket is increasingly attracting the attention from outside of the industry. Recently several UK-based aviation companies have secured a total of $9 million worth of investments from non-aviation financial institutions. The money will be used for the production of new and the expansion of restored aircraft parts capabilities. Meanwhile, it seems that aircraft leasing companies are following the steps of OEMs and are in the midst of cultivating their own interests which stretch outside their natural area of business.
While the global MRO industry earns approx. $53,5 billion per year, and the figures keep rising, industry players have noticed that this specific and narrow segment is receiving more and more attention from outside the market itself. The component segment is no exception.
‘Though the component segment generates approx. $12-13 billion, half of that in the engine MRO segment alone, it is of substantial interest to non-maintenance providers. One of the factors which keep the segment attractive is the ceaseless fleet expansion and the ongoing attempts of airlines to further cut activity costs,‘ comments Zilvinas Sadauskas, the CEO of Locatory.com.
Industry experts indicate that the price of new aircraft parts is rising by on average 4% each year thus further burdening carriers’ budgets. Furthermore, with only few manufacturers maintaining well-established logistics and warehouse networks that can support more flexible and prompt logistics, airlines are forced to invest millions in their own warehouses or search for the required inventory from third party suppliers. Under such circumstances, regardless of the region, more and more airlines prefer to repair or acquire used parts rather than buy several times more expensive new ones.
‚Furthermore, as OEMs are endeavouring to receive maximum income from their products, so do leasing companies which are exploring additional options for their fleets‘ afterlife. While the industry is experiencing another flow of fleet renewals, many lessors are being left with older planes which are harder to reintroduce to the market with each consecutive leasing. With this in mind, leasing companies are intensively exploring options of investing into aircraft tear downs, ensuring higher residual values for their assets,‘ comments the CEO of Locatory.com
According to the Aircraft Fleet Recycling Association, during the next couple of decades up to 12,000 aircraft will be sent for tear downs, i.e. approx. 600 per year. On average 60-70% of the dismantled aircraft parts can be restored and reintroduced to the market. However, with adequate investment into human resources and technologies, the figures can reach 80% with a perspective to further grow to 90% (subject to new recycling technologies). In order to meet the rising demand and make the best of acquired assets, dismantling businesses are also actively searching for additional financial options to support their development.
Considering such major acquisitions like AeroTurbine by ILFC a couple of years ago, the industry observes that aviation leasing companies do not intend to limit themselves to aircraft finance only. Whether it is an aircraft, engine or an inventory stock, the leasing industry is seeking to ensure a broader presence on the market in order to improve the control of their assets. Owning thousands of aircraft, leasing companies hold one of the largest inventory stocks. Unfortunately, a large portion of that stock is poorly managed.
‘The key for effective asset management is ensuring its wide availability and constant monitoring of market trends. Today it might cost nothing, but tomorrow – a fortune, if you are the only one who can supply this part to an AOGed carrier. In any case, financial and leasing companies are step by step increasing their presence in the MRO market, with a perspective to become another large player in a relatively small and highly competitive segment,‘ concluded Zilvinas Sadauskas.
Comments are closed. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.960764706134796}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '36125', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZGCZVNBTI46WD57JWRQTQSWB5JV4PVB4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:cdaee629-5460-484b-a8ec-72ab9cb0c074>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 14, 21, 40, 43), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.11.27.104', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XKULSAA7HM7PJ37WDOUHNM4AMCM4TR76', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1202a562-4daf-48e2-8988-b54bc8347860>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://vilniusairport.lt/leasing-companies-players-aircraft-parts-playground/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2033f0fc-a967-4a28-8d9d-9b9b8ac92e06>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '629', 'url': 'http://vilniusairport.lt/leasing-companies-players-aircraft-parts-playground/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-137.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04649829864501953', 'original_id': 'd9ecf11432b5bdc50e53c8cbafc85303b0acae72b76fb587896ea261f78f3aac'} |
A stream of instructions executing within an address space. Threads, processes, and address spaces are managed by the operating system.
A thread is a process that shares its parents memory, this can reduce overhead and memory footprint.
Processes are created using the clone system call. The parent process recieves the pid of the child, and the child recieves a return value of 0. Each process must have a parent. The file descriptors and variables are exact copies.
thrash = T = three-finger salute
thread n.
[Usenet, GEnie, CompuServe] Common abbreviation of `topic thread', a more or less continuous chain of postings on a single topic. To `follow a thread' is to read a series of Usenet postings sharing a common subject or (more correctly) which are connected by Reference headers. The better newsreaders can present news in thread order automatically. Not to be confused with the techspeak sense of `thread', e.g. a lightweight process.
--Jargon File, autonoded by rescdsk.
The Everyone Project.
Log in: "everyone" Password: "everyone"
First created by: rescdsk
Modified by: (nobody)
SHI ito (thread)
ASCII Art Representation:
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"%,, %%%" %%%%,
"%%%, ,%%" ,%%%%%%
"%%%%%%" %%%%%"
"%%%%%, ,%%%%"
"%%%%%% %%%%"
"%%%%%% ,,%%%" "%%,,
"%%%%%,%%%%" "%%%%,
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"%%%"""""""" %%%% "%%"
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Character Etymology:
From a pictograph of a skein of yarn, heavily styilized.
on-yomi: SHI
kun-yomi: ito
English Definitions:
1. SHI: thread; one ten-thousandth of a hair.
2. ito: thread, yarn; gut; string (of a violin); fishing line.
Unicode Encoded Version:
Unicode Encoded Compound Examples:
製糸 (seishi): silk making.
毛糸 (keito): woolen yarn.
糸巻き (itomaki): spool, bobbin, reel;beam (in weaving); turning peg.
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In Anne McCaffrey's Pern books, the threads are spores of fungus, silvery in color, that grow in the Pern's neighboring planet Red Star, travel across the intervening space when the planets are close each other (this time is known as Pass) and drop on Pern's surface. They burrow to the ground and eat everything organic they get in touch with. Those things seem to prefer places with vegetation.
There are many methods with which the Pernfolk fight the threads. The oldest method involves Pern's dragons that can scorch the threads mid-air. Other methods, in case the threads reach the ground, include (as far as I can remember) use of acids and flamethrowers. There's also a type of insect that eats the thread (or so says Zerotime; I have some faint memories about this, I have to check this.)
(The Perlese dragons fight the Thread module. The authors of the Camel Book do note that "Pern" is what you get when you do "Perl"++ twice.)
The Thread module in Perl implements threads. As of Perl 5.6, this module is deprecated; It deals with the "5005threads", the old thread model from Perl 5.005 days (that is not that good, for example, many special variables were not thread-safe!). Code for 5.6 and later should use the threads and threads::shared modules (note lower case), which use "ithread" model (separate thread for each intepreter). For ithread users, the Thread module attempts to emulate 5005threads, but it's probably better to stick with threads from now on. To see which thread models are supported on your installation, see perl -V and look for "use5005threads" or "useithreads".
Thread (?), n. [OE. threed, red, AS. rd; akin to D. draad, G. draht wire, thread, OHG. drat, Icel. rar a thread, Sw. tr�x86;d, Dan. traad, and AS. rawan to twist. See Throw, and cf. Third.]
Bp. Burnet.
Fig.: Composition; quality; fineness.
A neat courtier, Of a most elegant thread. B. Jonson.
Air thread, the fine white filaments which are seen floating in the air in summer, the production of spiders; gossamer. -- Thread and thrum, the good and bad together. [Obs.] Shak. -- Thread cell Zool., a lasso cell. See under Lasso. -- Thread herring Zool., the gizzard shad. See under Gizzard. -- Thread lace, lace made of linen thread. -- Thread needle, a game in which children stand in a row, joining hands, and in which the outer one, still holding his neighbor, runs between the others; -- called also thread the needle.
© Webster 1913.
Heavy trading ships . . . threading the Bosphorus. Mitford.
They would not thread the gates. Shak.
© Webster 1913.
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Drug laws keeping students off campuses
As college students around the country prepare for this semester’s midterms, thousands of their would-be classmates don’t have anything to study for because of a federal law that strips financial aid from people with drug convictions.
The policy is currently being reconsidered as Congress renews the Higher Education Act for the first time in seven years. While the HEA was originally enacted in 1965 to make higher education more accessible and affordable for all Americans, the Drug Provision added during the 1998 HEA reauthorization is an unjustifiable roadblock in the path to college. Over the past seven years, more than 175,000 students have lost their financial aid because of the HEA Drug Provision.
Every student affected by this law has already gone through the courts. Taking away their financial aid punishes them twice for the same crime. Drug crimes are the only infractions that students lose aid for – murderers and rapists are still eligible.
Last month, Congress’s own researchers at the Government Accountability Office were unable to find any evidence the provision actually reduces drug abuse. In fact, other federal studies show that high school graduates not attending college are far more likely to use drugs than those in college.
Besides worsening our nation’s drug problems and victimizing students who are trying to turn their lives around with a college education, this law hurts America’s economic productivity and makes our streets more dangerous.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, college graduates earn 62 percent more each year and $1 million more over lifetimes than people with only high school diplomas. College graduates pay twice as much federal income tax than high school graduates. The aid ban is unacceptable in a time of budget shortfalls.
And the law does more than hurt revenue; it drives up public spending. Educated people are less likely to rely on costly social programs like welfare, food stamps, and public housing. Budget hawks should be outraged that this provision prevents people from pulling themselves up by their bootstraps and becoming productive taxpaying citizens. Also, people with only high school diplomas are 12 times more likely to be incarcerated than college graduates. Jailing one prisoner costs $26,000 per year.
We should encourage people who have been in trouble with drugs to move beyond their past mistakes, but the HEA Drug Provision prevents them from getting their lives back on track. Graduating more college students means greater economic productivity and increased tax revenue, while locking up more inmates means taxpayers must pay for skyrocketing prison costs.
Since there are already minimum grade requirements for receiving aid, the partially reformed Drug Provision would still only affect students doing well in classes. Good students would continue to be removed from school for minor convictions, many never returning to finish their degrees. The Department of Education reports that more than a third of students who leave college before beginning their second year don’t return within five years.
It could be another seven years before Congress restructures the Higher Education Act again. Concerned students and educators should urge their legislators to take the lead in helping young people stay in school where they belong. If Congress doesn’t act now, another 175,000 students could have the doors to education slammed shut in their faces.
Tom Angell
Campaigns Director of Students for Sensible Drug Policy. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9666198492050172}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '28026', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ASV4VYDCYWNKF4ZWUXT3S7IC3LUJZZZ4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f1de38b0-84bc-4046-895d-e953ce89deab>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 20, 22, 17, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '207.38.94.41', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Y3HADVSLAJL3IHOBPJHMH4I4JIAIMVOG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:50389437-eac3-4b44-8e69-572d75ee34db>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.thecampanil.com/druglawskeepingstudentsoffcampuses/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:306eccef-7208-4f40-bc6e-96d69fbefa19>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '560', 'url': 'http://www.thecampanil.com/druglawskeepingstudentsoffcampuses/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-217.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.029761970043182373', 'original_id': '1157ee2bf3c8b017dcd7dba1f1e57176cfc9368d5189d153f8d8b4d3020465c9'} |
, , , ,
11-pre wrap
“I’ve been looking for you,” Jack said when Kenzi returned. She could see the outline of his hard cock straining against the thin material of his boxers.
“I’ve been looking for you,” she retorted, entering the room and shutting the door.
“Oh yeah?” He grabbed her by the hair and pulled her in close, stripping her shorts with his free hand. “You smell like sex,” he said. She grinned, trying to keep her eyes from rolling back in her head at the pain rushing over her scalp and her naked lower half. “Have some fun while you were out?”
Her smile widened, but she said nothing.
“Actually I don’t give a shit,” he laughed, flinging her towards the bed. Her midsection hit the edge of the mattress with a soft ‘pmph.’ She stripped her top and tossed it into the corner, reaching towards the other end of the bed and spreading her legs.
“No.” Jack said.
He reached around to her neck and fastened a leather collar with a single D-ring around it, hooking an open padlock to the ring and dragging her onto the bed by it. It was then that she noticed a lone eye screw sticking up from the center of the end board. Sure enough he locked the collar into place, leaving her on her knees with her ass in the air and her head hanging off the end of the bed.
Other e-Readers | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '39', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9639213681221008}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '57134', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AN52VAUALUU7J24UTEM3CPYNRFY2M543', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:72d8526e-ab53-44b6-911f-d1cdaed34a49>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 23, 9, 52, 2), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.12', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FHYN7LUGNZGNRQ7NEF467Z2Z7E334BI3', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:32efd48c-a14a-4602-bf44-9b86c29474cf>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://universitydesade.wordpress.com/2015/03/16/episode-11-pre-wrap/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f7a2569d-4346-441e-820f-3ec8c931bebe>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '273', 'url': 'https://universitydesade.wordpress.com/2015/03/16/episode-11-pre-wrap/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-138-94-242.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.01965475082397461', 'original_id': '8b520a43363b21364b9f76428809167710a4a34059942e9d1ae5af58a9f069b5'} |
Talk (Jean-Paul Allouche)
Automatic sequences in number theory, computer science, and physics
Jean-Paul Allouche
This talk will be centered on a class of sequences, coming (essentially) from theoretical computer science, and having nice number-theoretical properties. Our leading thread will be a classical automatic sequence defined as follows. Let s2(n) be the sum of the binary digits of the integer n. Looking at the parity sequence of the sequence (s2(n))n≥0, provides the "Prouhet-Thue-Morse" sequence
(t(n))n≥0 = 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 ...
We first recall rapidly the history of this sequence, noting in passing the (easy) property that the following set K of subsequences of the sequence (t(n))n≥0 is finite
K := {(t(n))n≥0, (t(2n))n≥0, (t(2n+1))n≥0, (t(4n))n≥0, (t(4n+1))n≥0, (t(4n+2))n≥0, (t(4n+3))n≥0, ... } = {(t(2kn+r))n≥0, with k≥0 and 0≤r≤2k-1}
Our first question is: how much "algebraic" is the sequence t? Is "transcendence" synonym of "complexity"? The talk will be a promenade amidst automatic sequences and their number-theoretic properties: transcendence(s), algebraic continued fractions with bounded partial quotients, Carlitz zeta function, etc. We will end up with other kinds of properties, from harmonic analysis to physics and to (theoretical) computer science, with a final allusion to music.
Four pictures related to the talk
Kolam (1)
Kolam (2)
Penrose tiling (1)
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Delilah Feathers Pink
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1 unit
As pretty and bright as the name suggests, Delilah is a fun and vibrant collection. Watercolor florals with geometrics, dots, squiggles and fashionable feathers gather for prints with pizazz for projects that pop!
Multi-colored feathers in pinks, teals, lime greens on a royal blue background. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8291941285133362}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '110428', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZOA6S5HMK3DJJY77SHJM4EUJMAXX65RN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:213ede95-d0f0-44ab-97ae-8f60e319b635>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 16, 23, 18, 36), 'WARC-IP-Address': '35.201.95.39', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7T3AOBICXWIRAFFAMIGGZDJL2T57H3UC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1b125ff0-d9c9-4058-9c01-45da795da9d2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://pinetreequiltshop.com/delilah-feathers-pink/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0f1016d0-a2a7-4cb4-bffa-5b70f8a34027>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '62', 'url': 'https://pinetreequiltshop.com/delilah-feathers-pink/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-76.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.4709728956222534', 'original_id': '22f7e8e7ce9154c48cffbf09438c3bbfbd520130e7a8f9099d70ac52ec9f8a17'} |
11 January 2008
The Lord Mayor's Radical Cycle Visions
Giving cars first priority in the Copenhagen traffic is a thing of the past. From now on cycling will be taken more seriously, whatever the cost.
The words of Copenhagen's Lord Mayor Ritt Bjerregaard from the Social Democrats. Political rhetoric seems to be turning into concrete action.
Since her election to the post in 2005 the Lord Mayor has cast all manner of ideas into the fray. Allied with Klaus Bondam - mayor for traffic and environment - she is trying to focus on their goal of creating the world's leading environmentally-friendly city by 2015.
The focus is currently on increasing bike traffic and improving the infrastructure in a city where 36% of the citizens ride their bikes to work or school each day. That number should be higher. Cycling will be taken more seriously, even if it stings a bit for motorists or slams truck traffic.
"If we don't make priorities we'll end up with something that we can't handle. If we don't act it will only become much more difficult", explains the Lord Mayor.
"You either want cars in the city or you don't. That consequence surprises people. We are in the process of underlining our politics for the majority. It is making an effect", she says.
Bjerregaard has the backing of a majority of Copenhageners for many of her cycling initiatives, including the closing of a main street, Nørrebrogade, to cars.
As the head of the Copenhagen chapter of the Danish Cyclist's Union, Erik Hjulmand, says, "Opponents use words like 'populism', but since when has it been wrong to listen to the citizens? When you take privileges from people, they will always protest".
"Urban planning in the city has favoured the car for many years", he says. It looks like that is changing and changing quickly.
According to Bjerregaard there are other inititives on the way to increase safety for the city's many cyclists. Many trucks drive through the city instead of taking the ring route. This traffic must be limited.
The Lord Mayor is sticking to her demand for introducing congestion charges for cars in the city, even though the Danish Parliament is opposed.
"They'll soon have to give in", she says.
Positive experiences in Stockholm, Oslo and London show that congestion charges have an effect.
Both Bjerregaard and Hjulmand are not afraid that Copenhagen will be surpassed as the world's cycling capital by a long line of cities in Europe and North America who have opened their eyes to the benefits of cycle traffic. The city has a massive headstart. It's all about working towards improving our established bike culture.
Via: Politken newspaper.
Marrock said...
When her term there is up can we have her in the US?
eradler said...
Well if some people from Davis or Boulder would brief the Tower of Power, you would have an equivalent of this Danish politician.
Aaron said...
This is incredibly exciting. No city in North America has made this level of commitment to community-centric city planning.
I also second Marrock's comment. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9671509861946106}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '91396', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TBNHG4RJV6T4F4O7KVGACWQN4IMZPEYM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7626dc4b-b17e-49c8-bb05-f017bc499ebd>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 2, 16, 32, 43), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.194.76.121', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PMED66NDSLWFACLA7PULUROJKYUAGP3Y', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:792f1de4-8322-4a49-b141-34e680cdc9eb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.copenhagenize.com/2008/01/lord-mayors-radical-cycle-visions.html?showComment=1200083880000', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2b90fc2c-72d1-4a61-9b7d-36768b47eab8>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '507', 'url': 'http://www.copenhagenize.com/2008/01/lord-mayors-radical-cycle-visions.html?showComment=1200083880000', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03421717882156372', 'original_id': 'b1c902f0c88a5a4ae68a8c4e15a6e2aa5811e000828e58351bbf8dd20e5cc17f'} |
I was born and raised in Troy. My family has been there since they left the boat. I also still technically am a resident. This is the worst thing about the Collar City.
Sure crime is bad. Like at times really bad. It seems like even the area's of the city that people know to be halfway decent areas are turning to doodie. I grew up in an area that wasn't exactly known to be all too good. Northern Drive, right around Corliss Park. Luckily I am no longer in the home my family had lived in for 60 years.
I am more than a lifelong resident, I also used to be an employee of the city too. I was a laborer for the Department of Parks and Recreation. From that position, I saw the absolute worst of the City. What is the worst thing if it isn't a crime?
GARBAGE!! Holy mother of all that is precious this is an issue. There is garbage everywhere. Potato chip bags flying the street and losing scratch-off tickets stuck to the curbs. It is horrible. What makes is so much worse is that Troy was once a very prominent city. A city with a rich history that now just sees its population plummet everytime a census comes out. It is a shame. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.986690640449524}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '131970', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7WMFNUZUSKWKQMK2MBYIHRHOUZKC4QRB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:83a2eb4d-7294-465e-b6f2-c405f8f78f7c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 19, 20, 36, 15), 'WARC-IP-Address': '152.195.32.247', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4KM2D2I5UPSUTP2FRZ4NO65VYCI6UYC2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a0a1de09-922d-4d45-bcf6-9f08aab1d663>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://q103albany.com/this-is-easily-the-worst-thing-about-troy/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:fd29874b-5b8a-40cd-8d57-7b1cd7ef833f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '220', 'url': 'http://q103albany.com/this-is-easily-the-worst-thing-about-troy/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-150-182-158.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.2793022394180298', 'original_id': 'd1936610c4dcba14bd6104a14a4cc804b62a8c2ee282d7c3ee9541638432362a'} |
import React from 'react'
export const ChatContext = React.createContext({
planet: {},
channel: {},
planetMember: {},
switchPlanet: (planetToSet) => {return planetToSet},
switchChannel: (channelToSet) => {return channelToSet},
setPlanetMember: (memberToSet) => {return memberToSet},
onDrop: (acceptedFiles) => {return acceptedFiles},
removeFile: (key) => {return key},
removeAllFiles: () => {return null},
updateNotification: (channelId, isNotifying) => {return null},
clearPlanet: () => {return null},
attachments: []
}); | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/littrellbox/littrellbox-next/blob/master/packages/littrellbox-next/lib/contexts/ChatContext.js', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '', 'title': 'littrellbox-next', 'creator': 'littrellbox', 'language': 'JavaScript', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '59', 'token_count': '169', '__index_level_0__': '12639', 'original_id': 'c9d129c07dc57cb4a3658d53a203879c8b323a57572def81b2510b58d1674267'} |
Obama And Clinton Together While Another Possible Veep Is Grilled Across Town
From CBS News' Allison O'Keefe
WASHINGTON - All eyes in the nation's capital are on the veepstakes as Barack Obama navigates a packed schedule.
This morning after a workout at the Washington Sports Club, Obama met with all of the Democratic women seators, including his former rival Hillary Clinton. Is she a possible running mate? The New York Times doesn't think so.
Meantime, across town, another possible running mate, Gov. Tim Kaine, D-Va., was being interviewed on WTOP radio, where he wouldn't commit to serving out his term as governor. After the interview, he tried to knock down speculation, even going so far as to say, in Spanish, "no soy un candidato por nada" ("I'm not a candidate for anything").
Obama has a full day here in Washington, although none of it will be before television cameras. He is scheduled to speak with Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson on the phone while on his way to a meeting with the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Yousuf Raza Gilliani.
He'll then have lunch at the Mayflower Hotel for a fundraiser with Asian Americans. Following that, he will hold a closed meeting with Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke.
There is a big hole on Obama's schedule today that only lists "private meetings." And any time there is no information, it is hard not to fill it with speculation. Yesterday, Obama had a meeting with his vice presidential search team that lasted almost three hours, so the safe bet is he'll be havig more running mate planning.
Following his "private meetings," Obama will make a quick visit to Capitol Hill, not to work on his day job of being as a U.S. Senator, but instead Obama will speak to the House Democratic Caucus which meets every week when Congress is in session.
He wraps up his long day with a fundraiser in Springfield, Missouri. fundraiser. Just to add another potential running mate into the mix, it's worth noting that Springfield is near the border of Kansas, whose governor, Kathleen Sebelius, is being mentioned as a possible Obama sidekick. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9670981168746948}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '139485', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FHGT4BPFAXDZEEON7OHCVRUM72GDZMNH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a18b669b-99b3-455b-9850-d1af3e860ff9>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 18, 6, 46, 5), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.196.97.193', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7TAID546U2JZJZHB7CGWJDKG6R7PDJXW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9299fa36-587e-4e56-8843-6be3173cd776>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-and-clinton-together-while-another-possible-veep-is-grilled-across-town/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ab6f3ee2-53ea-4d31-814f-7d50ba784f46>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '349', 'url': 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-and-clinton-together-while-another-possible-veep-is-grilled-across-town/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-236-55-24.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0828702449798584', 'original_id': 'b82405fcbfe55a2f1318c031c76bc1cf5b587354aaa50811217cff0d38b7e6e5'} |
Q:
Unknown index match issue
I get the error for the code below
Method 'Range' of object '_Worksheet' failed.
Can anyone see what the issue is here?
Dim to_do As Worksheet, ordered As Worksheet
Set to_do = Sheets("To do log")
Set ordered = Sheets("Working File")
to_do.Range(G4).Formula = _
Application.WorksheetFunction.Index(ordered.Range("F:F"), _
Application.Match(to_do.Range("B4"), ordered.Range("B:B"), 0))
A:
to_do.Range(G4) isn't a valid definition. It should be to_do.Range("G4"). @A.S.H. pointed out correctly that your VBA would highlight the error first time you run the code if you'll use Option Explicit at the top of your code sheet.
I suggest that you use the Value property to assign the value to, unless it is a Formula you wish to assign, but your code assigns a value because the INDEX function returns a range for which the Value property is the default. If you wanted the formula you would have to specify it.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'bf8b7c386d1aebce33c327b07978e2e276ce40363b4ff607c50f08d0204d70e5'} |
Surgery is never the answer for Chronic Pain
Age & Health
Prolotherapy instead of surgery for Chronic Pain
What does Chronic Pain mean?
Hip PainChronic Pain means that your body is perpetually firing pain receptors to inhibit an immune response. This is highly abnormal because the body is supposed to respond quick enough to remedy the problem and that’s the end of it. However, if there is chronic pain, there is something wrong with the pain receptors.
What are Pain Receptors
Pain receptors are tiny neurons that fire when structural damage is detected in the body. These can be superficial or deeply internal. When these receptors are fired, white blood cells are supposed to deploy and begin repairing the area. Read more about Pain Management in Miami.
Why Surgery does not help
People will turn to surgery to try and have the pain manually fixed. But this is incredibly dangerous for some reasons. Most of the time, these will not fix the problem. Since surgery doesn’t repair cellular damage, all it does is move the parts around. So whatever the problem was that firing receptors were the answer to, is unanswered.
How Prolotherapy can Help
surgery is not the answerWith Prolotherapy, we strengthen the receptors and the call for white blood cell aid. By creating a cocktail of protein rich plasma, we inject it into the site. Sparking a superficial neuron from firing and then deploying healthy white blood cells and plasma to repair the area immediately.
The body will deploy as many white blood cells as they seem necessary, but sometimes it’s not enough. Prolotherapy acts as a strategic deployment of the same countermeasures your body is already deploying. Instead of sending in an army to an area, we will send a strike force to the specific area.
GenLife Regenerative Medicine
The Publix Health & Fitness Expo | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '26', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.949434459209442}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '232402', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YU6GMITUPQNTVLQNC4A64G4KP6IEJEDM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:296c2d58-1973-4dd6-a6a8-6885eb93b830>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 8, 9, 43, 22), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.124.249.155', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LE474CPSWEJADDKIHC2DESFTJK5NDI4U', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:09c69b0d-3a71-4493-8c64-ce6708a5c9bd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.genliferegenerativemedicine.com/surgery-never-answer-chronic-pain/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2f28169d-6003-494e-b92f-4950bdef92ee>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '340', 'url': 'https://www.genliferegenerativemedicine.com/surgery-never-answer-chronic-pain/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-177\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.6149824857711792', 'original_id': '9002f16d88a22348dc7915422d5a9019f3ab2d2473d44b1ef7ccd7bcfdb046e6'} |
A look at efforts to prevent pedestrian deaths
It's been a deadly year for pedestrians despite various efforts to prevent pedestrian deaths. Erin Breen has behind many efforts over the years to lower the number of pedestrian deaths. Nina Porciuncula reporting. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '2ab72146d91cbab8b65d622fcb501f872d298a166621ebaed41c4a873d4894b1'} |
Henry Rollins Discusses Kilowog & "Green Lantern: Emerald Knights"
Official Press Release
Henry Rollins is so many things to so many people.
One moment, he's the uber-tattooed punk rock front man for Black Flag or The Rollins Band; the next, he's stealing the spotlight as one of the memorable cast of Sons of Anarchy; and while that's airing, he's ranting live for hours to sold out crowds as one of the most popular spoken-word artists of our day, easily translating that mad-as-hell attitude and undying curiosity into his thought-provoking KCRW talk show. His quarter century of globe-trotting has recently added National Geographic to his resume, the latter day Renaissance man now filming documentaries for the renowned publication.
Intelligent? Beyond your dreams. Intense? Absolutely. Restless? Without a doubt. But does Henry Rollins ever pause long enough to be playful? Animation fans know it all too well.
When he isn't perusing the Sudan, performing in Prague or recording for public radio, Rollins takes to another of his true passions: voiceovers for animated projects.
Rollins' latest animated incarnation is in the guise of Kilowog for the next DC Universe Animated Original Movie, Green Lantern: Emerald Knights. Produced by Warner Premiere, DC Entertainment and Warner Bros. Animation, Green Lantern: Emerald Knights will be distributed by Warner Home Video on Blu-Rayâ„¢, DVD, On Demand and for Download June 7, 2011.
Rollins voices one of the most beloved characters in the entire universe of Green Lanterns - Kilowog, the hardcore drill sergeant-style trainer of Green Lantern recruits. Â Written by Peter J. Tomasi (based on "New Blood" by Tomasi & Chris Samnee) and directed by Lauren Montgomery, the "Kilowog" segment of the film depicts the gruff character's initial days as a young recruit under the abusive tutelage of Deegan, an equally gruff character who shows Kilowog the true "tough love" principles of training. As the segment play out, Kilowog must assume an integral leadership role within the ranks.
Green Lantern: Emerald Knights is far from Rollins' first venture down the animated path. For Warner Bros. alone, Rollins has recorded over the years for Batman Beyond, Teen Titans and Batman: The Brave and the Bold. And then there's his more recent forays into voiceovers for series like Cartoon Network's Adventure Time and the primetime series American Dad!
Green Lantern: Emerald Knights weaves six legendary stories of the Green Lantern Corps' rich mythology around preparations for an attack by an ancient enemy. As the battle approaches, Hal Jordan mentors new recruit Arisia in the history of the Green Lantern Corps, telling tales of Avra (the first Green Lantern) and several of Hal's comrades - including Kilowog, Abin Sur, Laira and Mogo. In the end, Arisia must rise to the occasion to help Hal, Sinestro and the entire Green Lantern Corps save the universe from the destructive forces of Krona.
Rollins is joined in the voicecast of the intergalactic animated film by Nathan Fillion (Castle), Elisabeth Moss (Mad Men), Jason Isaacs (the Harry Potter films), Arnold Vosloo (The Mummy), Kelly Hu (The Vampire Diaries), Wade Williams (Prison Break), professional wrestling legend Rowdy Roddy Piper and Radio Hall of Fame commentator/talk show host Michael Jackson.
No stranger to the spoken word, Rollins spent some significant time after his initial recording session chatting about his character, his love of great literature, Too Much Coffee Man, his need to travel the Earth, and much, much more. Read on ...
QUESTION: How did you approach the character of Kilowog for this story?
HENRY ROLLINS: For me, Kilowog is a man who's pure of heart. He's a warrior. He's a soldier. And he loves his rookies. Deegan is the guy who broke him in - in boot camp - and kind of brought him into command position. So Kilowog came up through the ranks by being brave and by being a take-charge leader. In the Kilowog segment, you see that he had a grasp of the leadership idea from the get-go. He's with other recruits and he immediately takes the leadership position. So I think he's a good guy, but he always knew he was gonna be running things.
QUESTION: Were there any challenges to finding the character for you?
HENRY ROLLINS: I assumed what the character needed before we went in. I said, "Andrea (Romano), this guy has a flat top, thick neck, but he's a good guy and if you get past all the yelling, you know he's got a good heart." She said, "You got it. That's, that's the guy." So I kind of had him dialed in and then we went forth.
It was really just finding his subtleties working with the great direction of Andrea. The character, for me, wasn't all that hard to find. He's not a complex guy. He takes his orders. He gives orders. He knows right and wrong. He takes care of bad guys, and keeps people alive. On that level, his life is pretty simple.
You're so often a one-man show, or at least the leader of the band. What's it like to be directed by Andrea Romano?
HENRY ROLLINS: I've been working with Andrea for well over a decade, and it is one of the fun moments of my year when I get the call. Watching her work with a whole group of people is like watching a combination of air traffic controller, director and producer all at once. Â And she has as much fun or more fun than all of us combined. Her level of energy is quite remarkable. I've done every kind of voiceover with her - entire casts, one on one, Batman Beyond, Teen Titans - and she always brings a tremendous bolt of energy. It's infectious and it's fun. It's like she always says, "Thanks for coming in and playing." Andrea really allows you to have fun with it and not take yourself too seriously, which allows you to work really hard.
QUESTION: You're such an intense, intelligent, driven individual who actively lobbies for so many worthy, worldwide causes. Do voiceovers for animation fulfill some sort of need for play, or does it offer another challenge?
HENRY ROLLINS: The reason why I come and do voiceover, for animation or documentary or whatever, is because I'm really not suited for it. And so I have to somehow pass myself off as someone who can actually pull this off. It makes me work really hard, and I love the challenge. I've been in a lot of films, and yet I've never taken an acting lesson. I've done a lot of voiceovers for all kinds of things, and I've never taken any lessons there. I've just shown up with a whole lot of enthusiasm, a great fear of failure, and a desire to please the people who have somehow trusted me to do the work.
I come from the minimum wage working world of the late '70s, early '80s, so stuff like this, to me, is gravy. It is so not standing on my feet, carrying something to the back of a truck. I know how to do all of that. Many of us do. So, for me, it's just a really fun thing. There's pressure certainly to perform - not the same pressure that I take out on stage every night, when there's a lot of people who are there to hear me or see me.
The voiceover thing, in order to be good at it, you have to have a laugh at yourself. I mean, you're doing funny voices. We're larger than life here. So you have to throw your seriousness away and be able to laugh at yourself. You have to throw out your ego. The more I do it, the more I realize that you have to approach it that way - and then you get super involved in the moment. I think that's what the job requires. You have to think "Oh, no, here comes the meteor storm. We've got to go." Â When I'm doing something like that, believe me, I'm really in that moment. When you can throw away your self-importance and have fun with it, that's when you really deliver."
QUESTION: What's your motivation to perform in this odd world of entertainment?
HENRY ROLLINS: Like many of us in the entertainment world, I think we are making up for the lack of attention that we did not get as kids through the need for attention and approval from an audience. I tell audiences now that I'm only here for your attention and your approval. I need you way more than you'll ever need me. And you'll be done with me way sooner than I'll ever be done with you. It's a pity. And welcome to the show. (he laughs) And it's so true.
QUESTION: Are you more comfortable performing in front of large groups or alone in a studio with you and the microphone?
HENRY ROLLINS: I love being in front of tons of people, and I really enjoy being one-on-one with the microphone. I love both micromanaging the part, and having the ability now to give the director exactly what he or she wants, and then really being able to nail it. In the booth it's fun because they're directing you, and you're trying to hit those notes. It's like Andrea will say "Can you lighten it up just a little? Remember, you're kind of sad, because on page 11 you had that thing happen." And then you can dial in with such extreme subtlety that she can hear it and go, "That's what I needed. Thank you very much, we're moving on." To be able to deliver that is really enjoyable.
QUESTION: Did you read comics as a kid?
HENRY ROLLINS: I was not a comic book-guy growing up. My stepbrother had them. I would look at them with not a great of interest. My first job was throwing newspapers for the long-defunct Washington Star. I'd throw 80,000 tons of newspaper a year for about $4.60. So I've got maybe $12 to my name, but I was a kid, I didn't know what to do with it. And so I went to the drugstore and I bought a couple of comics. I dragged them home, and I looked at them. Quite honestly, it didn't do much for me, and I've never gone back except for when someone sends me the odd modern comic.
A few years ago, I did come across this character called "Too Much Coffee Man." And he used to worry about the world. He had a coffee cup strapped to his head. I eventually made friends with Shannon Wheeler, who draws the comic. He illustrated a book for me - putting some illustrations at the beginning of each chapter. And Shannon used to kindly send me these collections of "Too Much Coffee Man." But that's the only comic I would really pay attention to, because I like the idea. "Too Much Coffee Man" has a lot to say. He's a great apocalyptic philosopher for our very troubled times.
QUESTION: Comics don't have an impact on you, but do you believe they have a social relevance for society?
HENRY ROLLINS: I think that it's important for young people who are maybe sensitive. Maybe they're not gonna be the quarterback and they're not gonna get the pretty cheerleader to go to the senior prom. But it's great for them to have an escape. Because some people who are often aren't the one who can throw the football the furthest, they have interesting minds. And I think that comics help someone with an imagination have fun and play around ... I think anything that inspires young people to have imagination - it's what gives you things like, oh, the Internet and renewable energy. And progress. So I think anything that is a seed to imagination, that enhances imagination, I think is safe.
Growing up, I loved great literature. I lived for your Steinbecks and your Hemmingways as a kid, and I read them all again as an adult and got the better version of the story. My comic books were reading things like the The Grapes Of Wrath, and stuff like that that my mom turned me on to. So I understand anything that makes the imagination go as being a good thing.
QUESTION: You spend more days of the year on the road than you spend at home, and mostly in places few would consider a vacation spot. Why?
HENRY ROLLINS: Because the world is interesting. I've been touring since I was 20, living all over the world as often as possible. Being home is nice for about 72 hours. Make the dinner I'd like to make, open up the things I got on eBay and Amazon.com, eat at the favorite sushi place. And then after about three or four days of that, I start feeling it's a grind, and the world is waiting for me. It's life on pause. Meanwhile, time is ticking by. And I figure at some point when I'm 80 or 90, there will be time to sit around and go, "Oh, man, I'm tired."
But as long as I have sap in my bones, the African continent is going like, "Henry, you haven't come to Gambia yet. How come you haven't gone to Chad yet?" Or Yemen is calling and saying, "It's a little rough, but you should check it out." That's why I go into the world as often as possible. Thankfully, my work takes me far and wide. And then I just invent stuff. I just come up with ideas. I know people in different places. I do a lot of travel with the USO, so that gets me to places like Iraq, Afghanistan, Kuwait, etc.
I'm the first and only ever USO performer in Egypt. They've never sent anyone into Egypt before. But I said, "Let me be the first." And so I went in across the Sinai. For me, this is all fantastic - to go to these places, meet people, dig the culture, dig the music, dig the food, get lost in souqs and bazaars and streets. And so far I have not had to run for my life. A mortar attack in Baghdad wasn't the best thing that ever happened to me.
But by and large, my travel has enriched my life. Coming from the minimum wage working world of the last century, this is all great opportunity. So I don't "no" to the work, and I don't say "no" to my curiosity.
QUESTION: Is there a super hero or villain role you truly covet?
HENRY ROLLINS: No. I'm happy for anything that would come my way. And I'll be so happy if someone said, "Here is three years work on this series and you get to be that guy." It's all been so much fun. There's nothing I'm wanting to do but more.
DC Universe
DC Universe's Digital Comic Library Expands to More Than 21k Single Issues
More in Comics | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '87', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9739532470703124}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '118030', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:Z43RBT2IEG6K7N6TDZXLSHFXAG3NI5IJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ecbd529b-2610-4d48-ba4f-fe025a29567a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 24, 5, 53, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '34.201.177.150', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:UI6R2Q4OYHA7XW4Y2MUMJ56BGKX3K2TH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:61662bcd-8912-407b-bd7d-d9317e88b5db>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.cbr.com/henry-rollins-discusses-kilowog-green-lantern-emerald-knights/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:54bd2470-b512-4ecb-ba9c-af978ac7a753>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2452', 'url': 'https://www.cbr.com/henry-rollins-discusses-kilowog-green-lantern-emerald-knights/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-93-200-49.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.024513721466064453', 'original_id': '7e4c4130cca54cba7f36059fc538c8eaecf8f73cb9e9dd71faa939fdeed0daa4'} |
Creating a Debian package for gadget2
From: Ole Streicher <>
Date: Thu, 05 Nov 2015 11:22:13 +0100
I am currently preparing a Debian package for gadget2 [1], and I have a
few qestions:
There are basically two homepages:
which seem quite similar. However, the first one offers
"gadget-2.0.7.tar.gz" (and an n-genic.tar.gz IC code), but the second
one just a "gadget2.tar.gz" (and no iC-code). Which one is the recent one?
Second question is about HDF-5. I could compile the code with the Debian
version of hdf5 (1.8.8) when I apply the -DH5_USE_16_API flag. Is this
OK or will it run into problems?
Finally, the example ICs that come with the code seem to be a problem
for the packaging: Debian requires that everything is built from the
sources, but the source of these files seems to be not distributed with
the package, right? Is there a way to re-generate them somehow?
Otherwise, I would need to leave them out, which would make it much
harder for a beginner to start.
The packaging is done in a git repository [2]. If you have any hints or
comments regarding the packaging, please let me know.
Best regards
Received on 2015-11-05 11:20:48
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.0 : 2022-09-01 14:03:42 CEST | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9129267334938048}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '7986', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DRPZF77GWDISBXIRZ7ZVVQMUO5Y3JENP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:26e148aa-705b-42a2-8a86-e7ac91f1f11d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 8, 10, 23, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '130.183.82.21', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YZCC3JFHQZH66VR7ZCQPKS6WXUEFNXJT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9688bab0-ec66-4f10-ab27-7a978f748dde>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/gadget/gadget-list/0660.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3c08e389-ffe0-4987-af3f-e6b42922bdf0>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '200', 'url': 'https://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/gadget/gadget-list/0660.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-146\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.022835910320281982', 'original_id': '7dbad81f6ddf4bb43345b124b9efdeea408060b9f3d9ac3325c3a4cfe51137fd'} |
So-called container "panelling" is a term of art meaning that the normally straight or flat sidewalls of a plastic fluid container are distorted inwardly, presenting an undesired appearance to a consumer and giving rise to consumer uncertainty as to content quality.
By way of an understanding of a cause of panelling, consider that a liquid container has part product content, e.g., a liquid, and part air content, i.e., volume of the container not occupied by the liquid product, or head air space. If, after sealed closing, the original air volume at container closure contracts in volume, it accordingly increases in vacuum pressure. Such increased vacuum pressure in the container can collapse sidewalls, i.e., the excessive pressure is not realizable without container volume decrease. Thus, there occurs panelling, container volume decrease and accommodation of pressure change.
Panelling is not a matter of concern where the container sidewalls are, by nature, tolerant of original air content volume contraction and vacuum pressure attending same. Thus, glass and metal containers generally are not susceptible to panelling and do not present the aforementioned consumer acceptance problems associated therewith. However, plastic containers in widespread use are susceptible to panelling and frequently evidence same. By way of example, assume automotive motor oil at an elevated temperature, substantially above ambient/environmental temperature, to be containerized at such elevated temperature. With a proper closure seal presumed, upon drop in temperature of the motor oil to ambient temperature, panelling occurs due to lessening of head space air volume and increased vacuum pressure attendant thereto. Accordingly, measures, costly and time-consuming, need be taken to avert such panelling. Typically, there is believed to be a forced cooling of the motor oil prior to containerization. Such anti-panelling measure is disadvantageous, both in terms of the cost of the practice, the inconvenience of container sealing at a time delayed from filling and attendant shipment delays. Panelling also limits the stack load possible due to unbalance bottle supportability caused by panelling. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '6f6211c91ee51f0bb47a8d655ca66a89b84262f1359e4049a9d09fd5342e7bbd'} |
Tuesday, October 11, 2011
When I was Sixteen
You know how every once in a while something will really hit you hard even though you've known it for ages? That happened to me on my birthday, which was the day before yesterday.
I was writing a song about how we are constantly changing and how God is always the same and it sort of smacked me across the face. =)
My sixteenth year was absolutely incredible. I grew closer to God than I've ever been before, I got to know dozens of wonderful people, I flew across the country, I competed at Nationals, broke my nose, was in my second wedding (well, not my second wedding, but...you know), attended a phenomenal debate camp, started writing poetry and songs, started learning how to read music and play the piano, I found out about modern day slavery, I spoke to my city council, I got an awesome job. This has been a terrific year!
My birthday morning I was feeling sort of melancholy. my sixteenth year, the most wonderful year ever, is over.
Then, as I was writing that song, it really hit me. God was the same during my sixteenth year as He was when I was two or nine or fourteen. God was the same then as He will be this next year and He'll still be the same when I'm twenty one and forty seven and ninety, if I live that long.
God didn’t get better this last year. He didn't love me more or show more interest in my life when I was sixteen. God was the same and He is the same and He always will be the same. He is the same now as He was when He, "was hovering over the face of the waters," (Genesis 1:2) He is the same now as He was when Mary, "gave birth to her firstborn Son and wrapped Him in swaddling cloths and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn," (Luke 2:7) and He is certainly the same now as He was when I forgot my whole speech and He gave it back to me, one line at a time.
I may not feel Him the way that I did at the Emerald City Qualifier, or at Nationals or at Debate camp, or in front of the City Council, but He is right here holding me every step of the way, and He always will be.
"Before the mountains were brought forth,
or ever You had formed the earth and the world,
from everlasting to everlasting You are God."
~Psalm 90:2
for His steadfast love endures forever!"
~1 Chronicles 16:34
"Jesus Christ is the same
yesterday and today and forever."
~Hebrews 13:8
Over and out,
1. Wow, I really love this post. Thank you SO much, Em! I always wish I would "feel" God more, but the truth is that he is always right there. Wow. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '12', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9873034358024596}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '64557', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:G6JTI75DOAR7RR3KLL3XRDBLDXB7K6JO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:246f1c2a-51af-467a-a75c-6c9fd4b47e7b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 3, 24, 15, 54, 27), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.8.1', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FXVXD4BJJCCPSTMAWFJJDQSVFQ5T4OJG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5b905072-6b67-47aa-a393-6e462512a2f0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://theramblingem.blogspot.com/2011/10/when-i-was-sixteen.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f0ad3f28-68b7-469a-be9d-f9b829c37640>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '495', 'url': 'http://theramblingem.blogspot.com/2011/10/when-i-was-sixteen.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-13\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019067585468292236', 'original_id': 'b4a07fb54237e6f58bfaefaf4ea7c8399bd3ff6e999c0c1fda065761360045e7'} |
Korean Regulators Lay Down The Law For Cryptocurrency Exchanges
While there is a surge of interest in cryptocurrencies from South Korean investors, government regulators issue fines and conditions.
In what may emerge as a groundbreaking case of South Korean regulators imposing fines against a cryptocurrency exchange for data breach violations, BTC Korea.Com, operator of the Korea-based Bithumb exchange, has found itself in the crosshairs of the Korea Communications Commission (KCC).
As per a KCC statement:
« The punitive action was taken as the operator did not comply with protective steps, making it vulnerable to hacks and causing leaks of personal data and financial damage. »
The fine of 60 million won (nearly $54600) came as a result of Bithumb’s apparent insufficient protective measures to safeguard user data. According to a report in the Korea Herald, the exchange did not maintain its anti-virus software; nor did it encrypt private user data, which was stolen twice by hackers.
Amendments to a bill the government will soon submit to the National Assembly include bitcoin transaction regulations, as well as additional enforcement penalties. Bitcoin transactions will be permitted provided conditions are met that include deposit provenance, identity confirmation, explanations of obligations, cryptographic key security, and adherence to AML rules with an established protocol. Additional conditions will be provided via a forthcoming Presidential Decree.
Other regulatory changes will enact penalties for those who fail to comply, including « 10 years imprisonment, » with an increase in fines from 50 million won or less to a maximum of 500 million won.
As regulators continue to iron out the laws that will direct cryptocurrency markets in South Korea, an outright ban may be off the table.
Sources for this article were translated from Korean via Google Translate.
Jeremy Nation is a writer living in Los Angeles with interests in technology, human rights, and cuisine. He is a full time staff writer for ETHNews and holds value in Ether. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c322c910f31790899f6acb357b7a0c8cdad12b0ebfe31ca50a6971140b92fc0c'} |
@echo off
echo USERID=%1/%2
echo BUFFER=30720
echo FILE=dc32.tmp
echo COMPRESS=N
echo GRANTS=N
echo INDEXES=%3
echo ROWS=N
echo CONSTRAINTS=%3
echo FULL=N
echo RECORDLENGTH=30720
echo RECORD=N
echo DIRECT=N
echo FEEDBACK=2000
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'fc2f84ea055348fb8f4163f52e11ebb530e42397ffe3d768ae59143cd0b39572'} |
September 7th, 2009
Photo - Sunset orange
Uneventful Weekend
Yup, nothing much happened this weekend... However, as there's already nothing to do here (10.50am) I shall ramble about it anyway.
Collapse )
Oh yes, we had to put the heating on by Saturday afternoon, and I've left it on since. It's officially winter. I was trying to hold out as long as possible, but I've been cold since about mid-August.
There might be a hen-night-type deal this Friday for my mum but we're not sure yet, as several people are on holiday, so it'll depend on availability. I've booked the day off anyway, initially because I didn't want to run out of energy by 10.00pm, but even if it doesn't happen the day off would be much appreciated.
At some point this week I need to watch Order of the Phoenix and give it back to Gemma at work - on Thursday I ended up embroiled in a rambling conversation which started off about comedy and moved somehow onto Harry Potter, so Gemma lent me the DVD. I had planned to watch it this weekend but didn't find time / forgot, and I don't want to hold onto it for too long...
Choir restarts tomorrow - hopefully I won't be too knackered to enjoy it. Just before the break I missed the final two rehearsals because I was on leave (bad, I know) and because I wasn't feeling any love whatsoever for the two pieces we were rehearsing... I know when things come together it will sound brilliant (I hated the Verdi when we did the opera concert, then ended up liking it immensely once we got the hang of the Italian), but I wasn't in the mood for stumbling over things. I probably should have practiced it over the break, but time has run away with me as usual... I'm muchly looking forward to doing Faure's Requiem in April (finally, something I know!!) and of course there's Christmas to look forward to, despite the sheer amount of hard work in November.
Ah well, at least it'll stop me doing nothing.
Right, that killed an hour or so (with some typing in the middle), so I'll post it and find something else to do. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.983327090740204}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '357234', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TT2KWV4SN3LS3J7SI4M6QERRMSL627XP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5a2ea9a0-94f3-4479-a6e7-d6ac55f37b01>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 30, 1, 52, 22), 'WARC-IP-Address': '13.88.179.33', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FYDZQGDG2CIY3VCW3UOBXTHZUPRELBYJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a8e66db0-85d4-4a96-ab0a-bf0bd622e247>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://teylaminh.livejournal.com/2009/09/07/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7b937812-9b3b-418d-8709-93d598b68d8d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '364', 'url': 'https://teylaminh.livejournal.com/2009/09/07/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-212.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02235358953475952', 'original_id': '28ce0cec6ccf524f6e7ccc9a48cc634722a469007f466da5c656483050a172dc'} |
This is the same video worksheet that you have in your Course Packet. Try to answer the questions yourself before looking at the answer. You should be able to answer most of these based on your lecture notes and readings. To see the answer, click on the pop-up menu.
Time Life's "Lost Civilizations": "Mesopotamia: Return to Eden"
1. Ancient Mesopotamia lies in present-day __________.
A) Mesoamerica.
B) Israel.
C) Iraq.
D) India.
2. In 1947, Bedouin shepherds in present-day Israel discovered __________, which dated to the time of Christ.
A) The Dead Sea Scrolls.
B) The Grateful Dead.
C) The Great Library at Nineveh.
D) The Garden of Eden.
3. Which of the following artifacts, discovered in 1868 and now lost, described a battle that was also mentioned in the Bible?
A) The Victory Stele of Naram-Sin.
B) The Law Code of Hammurabi.
C) The Palette of King Narmer.
D) The Moabite Stone.
4. In 586 B.C., the armies of Nebuchadnezzar sacked Jerusalem and took the Israelite captives to __________.
A) Nineveh.
B) Babylon.
C) Ur.
D) Giza.
5. All of the following could be seen in the ancient city of Babylon except:
A) The Ziggurat of King Urnammu.
B) The Hanging Gardens.
C) The Ishtar Gate.
D) The Tower of Babel.
6. Babylon's written, legal code, the first of its kind, was inscribed on a stele known as the Law Code of __________.
A) King Urnammu.
B) Judge Judy.
C) Darius and Xerxes.
D) Hammurabi.
7. How was ancient Assyria described in the Bible?
A) "A land that never bathed."
B) "A land bathed in blood."
C) "A land of blood donors."
D) "A land of big, strong men who liked to fight a lot."
8. The Great Library at Nineveh, part of the ancient Assyrian palace complex, contained about 22,000 clay tablets written in __________.
A) Cuneiform.
B) Maidenform.
C) Hieroglyphics.
D) Greek.
9. In 1989, a burial chamber containing two Assyrian queens was discovered beneath the floor of the ancient palace at __________.
A) Persepolis.
B) Ur.
C) Nimrud.
D) Thebes.
10. The Epic of Gilgamesh, which is about an ancient Sumerian hero, describes a _________ similar to one mentioned in the Bible.
A) Crucifixion.
B) Flood.
C) Ten Commandments.
D) Coat of many colors.
11. Which ancient site has been referred to as the "first civilization on earth"?
A) Sumer.
B) Assyria.
C) Babylon.
D) Jerusalem.
12. Sir Leonard Woolley discovered the __________, which contained 74 skeletons, all entombed at the same time.
A) Ziggurat of King Urnammu at Ur.
B) Royal Tombs, or Grave Pits, of Ur.
C) Pyramids at Giza.
D) Citadel of Sargon II.
13. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Dilmun is referred to as a Mesopotamian equivalent of __________.
A) Hell.
B) The Garden of Eden.
C) Jerusalem.
D) The Tower of Babel.
14. The present-day island of __________, south of the ancient city of Ur, was once an "Eden-like" place with plenty of water, lush gardens, and snakes.
A) Hawaii.
B) Tahiti.
C) England.
D) Bahrain.
[Top of Page] | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.769719123840332}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '7248', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SBKFRE3PYMJBNMXS5LHWAEHJ3XWOMRJT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:35c2dfde-e736-4731-ac8d-de480d517675>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 6, 5, 0, 46, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '205.153.158.42', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YOKQHHDRI3M54SFWHCJJPJX2O6A6TSVX', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:52c02258-9b06-44f6-9057-a8b44e3911f1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www2.palomar.edu/users/mhudelson/Videos/Mesopotamia_WA.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:586af92a-c699-4c5e-a955-fe9dad7fa98b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '489', 'url': 'https://www2.palomar.edu/users/mhudelson/Videos/Mesopotamia_WA.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-24\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May/June 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-60.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9989691972732544', 'original_id': 'a33019974100788de14b0813a72781e659eeb7cf0d40b47ad136f4bb90c9e808'} |
def prCountDP(dist):
ways = [0] * 3
n = dist
ways[0] = 1
ways[1] = 1
ways[2] = 2
for i in range(3, n + 1):
ways[i % 3] = ways[(i - 1) % 3] + ways[(i - 2) % 3] + ways[(i - 3) % 3]
return ways[n % 3]
dist = 4
print(prCountDP(dist))
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/Sangeerththan/pythonDSA/blob/master/Algorithms/DynamicProgramming/count-number-of-ways-to-cover-a-distance.py', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '2021.0', 'title': 'pythonDSA', 'creator': 'Sangeerththan', 'language': 'Python', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '55', 'token_count': '121', '__index_level_0__': '14755', 'original_id': '6aedccb1fe500cfe91ae96d4ac64cb9bbdd4aec0fef7d006508678d4a71dee97'} |
[Failure to form wrinkles on the finger tips in the warm water test in lepromatous nerve damage].
In order to estimate the extent of nerval defects, we recommend the soaking test which may reveal affected areas indicated by the loss of wrinkling at the finger-tips after soaking the hands in warm water for half an hour. Thus we found impairment in the formation of wrinkles in 6 out of 7 tested patients suffering from different types of leprosy. In order to study the significance of the soaking test with regard to acute nerval signs and symptoms, one patient was reexaminated when he showed acute painful swelling of the right n. ulnaris. There was normal wrinkling observed at the affected hand, which did not differ from the outcome of the preceding test. This finding indicates that the soaking test is only appropriate to the examination of chronic nerval lesions in leprosy. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '9375810e2825641539cae58e06a1d796163edaae7dfe02535b1d35dd749f583a'} |
BROOKLYN – GIOS TORINO Retro Cycling Jersey
Ride like Roger De Vlaeminck and his Gios Torino with this elegant Brooklyn retro cycling jersey. This retro jersey will be perfect for vintage riders or during large retro gatherings such as Eroica! 🇮🇹
Brooklyn was an Italian professional cycling team that existed from 1970 to 1977. It was a mainly a one-day classics team and featured riders such as Roger De Vlaeminck, who won Paris–Roubaix four times. For the first three seasons it was sponsored by the Italian beer Dreher, and then for the following seasons by Italy’s Brooklyn Chewing Gum
Its retro design and modern shape make it a unique cycling jersey, focused on comfort and performance! 🏅
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9030528664588928}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '170323', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:H54GW5F4CV5DRCBUJYBDD6YMX7VLDLSW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e9c57e2f-806f-4c28-b306-c769b3c8b02f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 8, 23, 43, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '217.160.0.66', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GNF3EDWPMCW4E5MSB7Z73P3HFXAQ3TDS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:79cb0ed0-b96b-4264-91a5-3f899f5e7cab>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://vintageofbikes-world.com/product/gios-torino-retro-cycling-jersey/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f035e65f-c26b-4d23-95a5-45df4eb920e4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '119', 'url': 'https://vintageofbikes-world.com/product/gios-torino-retro-cycling-jersey/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-73.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.060101091861724854', 'original_id': '7c9f4a971d016e8c7abcb39edf555aaf98eb8d7cc3419b8e098e4552e54f618c'} |
1. Special Needs in Children
1. Blood Conditions
1. Blood Disorder
2. Hemophilia
3. Hepatitis B Positive
4. Hepatitis C
5. HIV Positive
6. Lead Exposure
7. Lymphedema
8. Sickle Cell Anemia
9. Thalassemia
2. Chromosome Disorders
1. Cystic Fibrosis
2. Down Syndrome
3. Genetic Syndrome
4. PKU
5. Teratoma
6. Turner Syndrome
3. Congenital Heart Defects
1. Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
2. Heart Defect
3. Tetralogy of Fallot
4. Craniofacial Conditions
1. Apert Syndrome
2. Cleft lip or palate
3. Hemifacial Microsomia
5. Developmental Needs
1. Apraxia of Speech and Muteness
2. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD's)
3. Cognitive Delays
4. Failure to Thrive
5. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
6. Growth Delay
7. Motor Delays
8. Premature Birth
9. Psychomotor Development Retardation (PDR)
10. Speech Delay
6. Digestive System Conditions
1. Hernia
2. Megacolon
7. Hearing
1. Deaf
2. Hearing Impairment
3. Microtia and Atresia
8. Neurological Conditions
1. Cerebral Palsy
2. Dyskinesia
3. Epilepsy
4. Hydrocephalus
5. Microcephaly
6. Seizure Disorder/ Epilepsy
9. Orthopedic Conditions
1. Amniotic Band Syndrome / Missing Limbs
2. Arthrogryposis
3. Brachial Plexus Injury
4. Club foot
5. Digit Difference
6. Dwarfism
7. Flexion Deformity
8. Funnel Chest / Pigeon Breast
9. Limb Differences
10. Osteogenesis Imperfecta
11. Radial Club
12. Rickets
13. Scoliosis
14. Spina Bifida
15. Torticollis
16. Wheelchair Dependent
17. Wheelchair Dependent
10. Other Considerations
1. 9 Years Plus
2. AGEING OUT
3. Attachment Issues
4. Second Placement
5. Trauma
11. Skin Conditions
1. Albinism
2. Burns
3. Congenital Blue Nevus
4. Congenital Nevi
5. Eczema
6. Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB)
7. Hemangioma
8. Ichthyosis
9. Port Wine Stains
12. Urogenital Conditions
1. Ambiguous Genitalia
2. Anal Atresia / Imperforate Anus
3. Hypospadias
4. Incontinence
5. Kidney Issues
13. Vision
1. Blind
2. Cataracts
3. Lazy Eye / Amyblyopia
4. Missing Eye
5. Nystagmus
6. Ptosis
7. Strabismus
8. Visual Impairment
1594 Adoption Stories
No Children with Lymphedema
Blood Conditions
Facts About Lymphedema
Lymphedema is a disorder of the lymph system. It may arise from a lack of lymph nodes or from damaged lymph nodes, but its exact cause is unknown. The condition causes swelling as tissue traps the fluid, and although it frequently affects the legs, it can occur anywhere on the body. It can range in severity from hardly noticeable bulges to quite large swellings.
View Children with Lymphedema
Lymphedema Challenges
• As this condition often causes the collected fluid to seep from the affected site, the risk of infection is great.
• It is essential to observe proper skin care and to keep the affected area clean and dry.
• Elevation of a swollen limb can help the lymph drain, and compression dressings can also help alleviate chronic swelling. In severe cases, surgery may be needed.
Lymphedema Treatment
• Swelling usually decreases as the child grows older. Regular exercise such as swimming and running can help reduce swelling. It is necessary to maintain proper foot care and perform daily inspections of the skin to check for open areas or symptoms of infection. Some specialists now receive training in a specialized form of massage that loosens the edema and promotes lymph drainage. We are still making progress through developments in the treatment of lymphedema.
• This disease does not affect a child?s intellect or growth. is an Adoption Advocacy Website. We are the largest and oldest, online website helping people to adopt from multiple countries. Through RainbowKids, thousands of special needs and waiting children have found families... READ ABOUT US
Read all tweets © Copyright 2015, All Rights Reserved
Log in | Sign up | Home | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '31', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7382766604423523}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '48868', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2NMFTG6HQ2QRCK2MBF4VVGYLB5RPNCWR', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:98c42119-1931-4746-8fc0-5ddb6330148b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 21, 1, 52, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.43.10.14', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YD6L2JCBY7N2OIDYXQWQCSJSTUGSGATB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ccc46340-3519-4dc6-8e14-69e17f1e5382>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.rainbowkids.com/special-needs/blood-conditions/lymphedema', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:400c432c-ff28-42d2-893e-27d50a42bac5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '594', 'url': 'https://www.rainbowkids.com/special-needs/blood-conditions/lymphedema', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-17\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-253.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9864887595176697', 'original_id': '7d281f36bf6ea498c67bcec073676778ea95c615248a1e02838382a19677b300'} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the oldest synthetic compounds known for its endocrine activity, although it is subsequently replaced by the stronger estrogenic activity of diethylstilbestrol. BPA is now used extensively as a starting material for epoxy resins lining food and beverage containers and as a monomer in polycarbonate and polysulfone-based plastics in a multitude of consumer products, including medical and dental devices \[[@B1]\]. Epidemiological studies have shown that over 90% of individuals tested had detectable levels of BPA, providing important evidence of ubiquitous and continual BPA exposure even in the general population \[[@B2]\]. Although published data regarding occupational exposure to BPA are limited and the potential for BPA-related health effects among the workers is unknown, recent study has shown the increased urinary total BPA concentrations in the group of manufacturing workers \[[@B3]\]. These data have raised concerns about the possible implication of BPA in the etiology of various human diseases \[[@B4]\]. Experiments using cultured cells and laboratory animals demonstrated that BPA is able to accumulate and affect several vital organ functions, including the testis \[[@B5]\], brain \[[@B6]\], heart \[[@B7]\], liver \[[@B8]\], and pancreas \[[@B9]\]. The findings also indicate an involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to the damaging effect of BPA \[[@B10]--[@B13]\].
Recently, emerging evidence from epidemiological studies has shown an association of high urine BPA levels and low-grade albuminuria in both adults and children \[[@B14], [@B15]\]. The relations between high serum BPA levels and increased oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients using BPA-containing polysulfone dialyzers have also been reported \[[@B16]\]. These findings called attention to the possibility that exposure to BPA during everyday life could have adverse effects on the kidney and might contribute to progressive cumulative renal injury over a lifetime. However, it remains to be determined whether these observations are indeed the certain consequences of BPA.
Given that nephrotoxicity is a significant public health concern as it can progress to chronic kidney disease in the long run, it is essential to explore whether BPA contamination could actually have an unfavorable effect on the kidney. The first study was, therefore, set up to address this issue as well as the potential contribution of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in mediating BPA nephrotoxicity using an in vivo rat model that was repeatedly exposed to BPA. The second study was initiated based on the hypothesis that the use of antioxidant targeting on mitochondria may find therapeutic benefit in diminishing the detrimental cellular and organ outcomes of BPA. In this regard, melatonin (*N*-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a compound derived from tryptophan, was selected as it has been shown to be a strong antioxidant having the capability of penetrating into the mitochondria and exerting protection against several disease conditions that are related to oxidative stress, including kidney diseases \[[@B17], [@B18]\]. The last experiment was conducted in vitro, using isolated kidney mitochondria, to verify that the renal consequences of BPA and melatonin were indeed produced by its direct action on mitochondria, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and, eventually, whole organ damage.
2. Materials and Methods {#sec2}
========================
2.1. Drug and Chemicals {#sec2.1}
-----------------------
Thiopental was obtained from Ceva Animal Health Ltd. (Bangkok, Thailand). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
2.2. Animal Preparation {#sec2.2}
-----------------------
Male Wistar rats, weighing 180--200 g, were obtained from the National Laboratory Animal Center Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand, and housed under standard temperature and humidity conditions with a 12 h light-dark cycle. Food and water were given ad libitum. The animals were allowed one week to acclimatize before starting the experiment. All procedures were conducted in conformity with the guidance for the use of animals by the National Research Council of Thailand and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University.
2.3. Experimental Designs {#sec2.3}
-------------------------
The present research work consisted of two main parts, the in vivo and in vitro studies. The in vivo studies included two independent experiments, which were carried out using rats repeatedly exposed to BPA for 5 weeks. Likewise, the in vitro studies comprised four different experiments, which were performed using mitochondria isolated from the kidneys of rats and subsequently subjected to direct BPA exposure.
### 2.3.1. In Vivo Studies {#sec2.3.1}
The in vivo investigations were subdivided into two separate study protocols. The first protocol was undertaken as a preliminary study to examine the impacts of BPA contamination on the kidney and to identify the most appropriate dose of BPA to use in the subsequent protocol. The study also extended to evaluate whether oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction underlie the renal effect of BPA. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (*n* = 4 each). Three of them were injected intraperitoneally with BPA at 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg/day, respectively, while the remaining group was given vehicle (corn oil) and used as control. The maximum dose of BPA was selected based on previous data indicating BPA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats \[[@B12]\], whereas the minimum dose chosen showed BPA-induced oxidative injury in rat testis \[[@B19]\]. The treatment lasted for 5 weeks. Food, water intake, and body weight were recorded on a daily basis. On the last treatment day, rats were placed in metabolic cages for 24 h urine collections. Blood samples and kidney tissues were taken thereafter through a midline laparotomy under thiopental anesthesia (80 mg/kg, i.p.) for determinations of renal function, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and histopathological studies.
In the second protocol, the renoprotective potential of melatonin against BPA toxicity was explored. Experiments were performed on three groups consisting of 8 rats each. Rats in group 1 (Veh) received vehicle only. Rats in group 2 (BPA) were injected intraperitoneally with BPA at 50 mg/kg/day (the appropriate dose obtained from the results of the first protocol). In addition to BPA, rats in group 3 (BPA + MEL) were cotreated with melatonin at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks. Melatonin was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before BPA injection. The selected dose and regimen for melatonin treatment were based on previous reports showing its efficacy to prevent BPA toxicities on the cerebellum \[[@B20]\] and reproductive system \[[@B19], [@B21]\]. Renal function, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and histopathology were evaluated at the end of the experiment.
### 2.3.2. In Vitro Studies {#sec2.3.2}
The in vitro studies were undertaken to test if BPA and melatonin act directly on mitochondria to produce its renal consequences. Four sets of experiments were carried out using the mitochondria that were isolated from the kidneys of rats. In the first experiment, the possible direct effects of BPA on kidney mitochondrial function were investigated. Isolated mitochondria were exposed to BPA at various concentrations, ranging from 0 to 1000 *μ*M for 15 min. The alterations in mitochondrial function were evaluated by detections of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential change (Δ*Ψm*), and mitochondrial swelling.
The second experiment aimed to determine the potential benefits of melatonin on isolated mitochondria that were exposed to BPA. The mitochondria were incubated with or without BPA and in the presence or absence of melatonin. Thereafter, changes in the mitochondrial function were evaluated. Various concentrations of melatonin (0.1--100 *μ*M) were tested, whereas only one proper concentration of BPA (125 *μ*M) based on the results of the first in vitro experiment was used. In case of melatonin pretreatment, the mitochondria were incubated with melatonin for 5 min before exposure to BPA for further 15 min.
The third experiment was carried out to examine whether the effects of BPA and melatonin were mediated through mitochondrial oxidative stress mechanisms. Four groups of isolated kidney mitochondria were studied. Group 1, the mitochondria were treated with vehicle and used as control. Group 2, the mitochondria were treated with melatonin at the dose which was shown in the second experiment to be the most effective one (0.5 *μ*M). Group 3, the mitochondria were treated with BPA (125 *μ*M). Group 4, the mitochondria were treated with both BPA (125 *μ*M) and melatonin (0.5 *μ*M). Mitochondrial oxidative stress was evaluated by determinations of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant glutathione levels.
The last experiment was carried out to examine the alterations in mitochondrial ultrastructure following BPA (125 *μ*M) and melatonin (0.5 *μ*M) treatments. Additional set of kidney mitochondria with the same experimental design as in the third in vitro study was reproduced, and transmission electron microscopic examination was used to demonstrate the change in mitochondrial ultrastructure.
2.4. Assessment of Renal Function {#sec2.4}
---------------------------------
Renal function was assessed by determinations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, urine creatinine excretion, and urine protein excretion using AU 480 chemistry analyzer (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA, USA). Creatinine clearance, an index of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), was calculated from the ratio of creatinine in urine/serum and the volume of urine produced. A urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) was also evaluated.
2.5. Assessment of Renal Oxidative Stress {#sec2.5}
-----------------------------------------
Kidney tissues were homogenized in appropriate ice-cold buffers using a Potter Elvehjem homogenizer (Wheaton Science, Millville, NJ). The supernatant obtained after centrifugation (10,000*g*, 4°C, 15 min) was used for determinations of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) using commercial kits (BioAssay Systems, Hayward, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer\'s instructions.
2.6. Histopathological Studies {#sec2.6}
------------------------------
### 2.6.1. Light Microscopic Studies {#sec2.6.1}
The kidney tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formaldehyde, dehydrated through a graded alcohol series, cleared in xylene, and embedded in paraffin wax. Serial sections of 4 *μ*M were deparaffinized, hydrated, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for light microscopic examination.
### 2.6.2. Electron Microscopic Studies {#sec2.6.2}
The kidney tissues (or mitochondrial pellets in case of in vitro studies) were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 at 4°C overnight. After rinsing in phosphate buffer, the kidney tissues or mitochondrial pellets were postfixed in 2% phosphate-buffered osmium tetroxide for 2 h at room temperature, dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol, rinsed in propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon-Araldite. Ultrathin sections (60--80 nm thick) were cut with a diamond knife, placed on copper grids, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate \[[@B22]\], and examined using transmission electron microscope (JEM-2200 FS, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan).
2.7. Mitochondrial Studies {#sec2.7}
--------------------------
### 2.7.1. Preparations of Mitochondrial Fractions and Mitochondrial Proteins {#sec2.7.1}
Mitochondrial fractions were prepared as previously described \[[@B23]\]. Briefly, the kidney tissues were suspended in cold lysis buffer (230 mM mannitol, 70 mM sucrose, 1 mM EDTA, and 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4) and homogenized, then the mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation. The final mitochondrial pellet was suspended in ice-cold respiration buffer containing 250 mM sucrose, 5 mM KH~2~PO~4~, 10 mM Tris-HCl, and 2 mg/mL BSA, pH 7.2. Protein content of the mitochondria was quantified by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay using bovine serum albumin as standard \[[@B24]\].
### 2.7.2. Determination of Mitochondrial ROS Production {#sec2.7.2}
Mitochondrial ROS production was assayed using a fluorescent dye 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) as previously described \[[@B23]\]. The measurement is based on ROS-mediated conversion of a nonfluorescent 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate to a highly fluorescent dichlorofluorescein (DCF). Briefly, the mitochondria were incubated with 2 *μ*M DCFDA at 25°C for 60 min. The DCF fluorescence was measured at 485 nm excitation and 530 nm emissions using a fluorescence microplate reader (Synergy™ HT, BIOTEK^®^ Instruments Inc., Vermont, USA). The ROS level was expressed as arbitrary units of fluorescence intensity of DCF.
### 2.7.3. Determination of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Change (Δ*Ψm*) {#sec2.7.3}
A lipophilic cationic fluorescence dye 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimi-dazocarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) was used to assess mitochondrial membrane potential changes. The dye accumulates and aggregates in intact membranes, while it exists as monomers rather than as aggregates with loss of membrane integrity \[[@B25]\]. The assay was performed according to the previous method described \[[@B23]\]. Briefly, the mitochondria were incubated with JC-1 for 30 min at 37°C, and fluorescence was measured at excitation/emission 535/590 nm for the aggregate form and 485/530 nm for the monomer form. The change in mitochondrial membrane potential was expressed in terms of red/green (aggregate/monomer) fluorescence intensity ratio, where a decrease in the ratio implies the dissipation of membrane potential and reflects mitochondrial depolarization.
### 2.7.4. Determination of Mitochondrial Swelling {#sec2.7.4}
A light-scattering technique was used to detect mitochondrial swelling by measuring the change in absorbance of the mitochondria at 540 nm over 15 min \[[@B26]\]. Kinetic measurements were carried out every 1 min at 25°C using microplate reader (Synergy H4, BIOTEK Instruments Inc., Vermont, USA). A decrease in absorbance indicates mitochondrial swelling.
2.8. Statistical Analysis {#sec2.8}
-------------------------
Data are presented as means ± SEM. Comparisons of the differences were performed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher\'s LSD for multiple comparisons or nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis as appropriate. Statistical significance was taken at *P* \< 0.05. All analyses were performed using SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).
3. Results {#sec3}
==========
3.1. In Vivo Studies: Impacts of BPA Contamination on the Kidney in Wistar Rats {#sec3.1}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
### 3.1.1. Effects of Various Concentrations of BPA on Body Weight, Kidney Weight, and Food Intake {#sec3.1.1}
The effects of BPA exposure at various concentrations on body weight, kidney weight, and food intake were shown in [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}. The initial body weight was very similar in all experimental groups. At the end of the experiment, all rats exposed to BPA had a significantly lower body weight gain but higher kidney weight/body weight ratio than those receiving vehicle. These changes, which seemed to be in a dose-dependent fashion, were observed though the amount of food intake in all groups examined was comparable.
### 3.1.2. Effects of Various Concentrations of BPA on Renal Function and Histopathology {#sec3.1.2}
Exposure to BPA, irrespective of the doses, caused a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen ([Figure 1(a)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}) compared to the vehicle control. The rise in serum creatinine ([Figure 1(b)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}) was also observed in all BPA-treated groups, albeit the magnitude of increment reached statistically significant level only in the highest dose. A significant reduction in creatinine clearance ([Figure 1(c)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}) but increases in urine protein excretion ([Figure 1(d)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}) including urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ([Figure 1(e)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}), in a dose-dependent manner, all coexisted after exposure to BPA.
Light microscopic examinations of the kidney tissues in all experimental groups were depicted in [Figure 2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"} (upper panel). Photomicrograph of the kidney from vehicle-treated group showed essentially normal architecture. By contrast, all rats contaminated with BPA exhibited a variety of glomerular injuries with increasing BPA concentration, ranging from hilar hyperplasia and mesangial proliferation in the low dose to glomerular sclerosis and atrophy in the highest dose, respectively.
BPA-induced glomerular injury was further supported by transmission electron microscopic examination ([Figure 2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}, middle panel). Normal shape of podocytes with an intact glomerular basement membrane was observed in the vehicle group, while those treated with BPA, regardless of the dosage, displayed irregular podocytes, that is, cytoplasmic enlargement, foot process effacement, and glomerular basement membrane disruption.
The ultrastructure of renal proximal tubules was also demonstrated in [Figure 2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"} (lower panel). Normal mitochondrial architecture with regular cristae was observed in rats given vehicle. In contrast, rats treated with BPA demonstrated mitochondrial swelling and loss of cristae. The severities were increased with increasing dose of BPA.
### 3.1.3. Effects of Various Concentrations of BPA on Renal Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function {#sec3.1.3}
A rise in the levels of MDA ([Figure 3(a)](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}) together with a dramatic fall in the levels of reduced glutathione ([Figure 3(b)](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}) in the kidney tissues was observed in all BPA-exposed rats compared to that in the vehicle control group (all *P* \< 0.05). The magnitude of these changes was augmented with increasing dose of BPA.
The mitochondria of rats exposed to BPA for 5 weeks exhibited a stepwise increase (*P* \< 0.05) in the ROS production as BPA concentration increased ([Figure 4(a)](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}). A significant and dose-dependent reduction in membrane potential changes was also evident in the mitochondria of all BPA-treated groups as indicated by a decrease in JC-1 red/green fluorescence intensity ratio ([Figure 4(b)](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}). BPA contamination also caused the swelling of mitochondria as observed by a decrease in mitochondrial absorbance at 540 nm ([Figure 4(c)](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}), and the degree of swelling was gradually amplified when the BPA concentration was increased (all *P* \< 0.05).
Overall, the results of this preliminary study revealed that BPA contamination at all concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) examined caused renal injury. As BPA at 50 mg/kg was shown to be the lowest dose that consistently caused renal impairment with moderate degree of injury, thus, BPA at this concentration was selected for further investigation.
3.2. In Vivo Studies: The Renoprotective Potential of Melatonin in BPA-Exposed Rats {#sec3.2}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
### 3.2.1. Effects of Melatonin on Body Weight, Kidney Weight, Food Intake, Renal Function, and Histopathology in BPA-Exposed Rats {#sec3.2.1}
Compatible with the results obtained from the preliminary study, BPA-contaminated rats (50 mg/kg) gained weight less than those in the controls, while the ratio of kidney weight to body weight was higher (*P* \< 0.05). These conditions were significantly improved in rats contaminated with BPA and concurrently treated with melatonin ([Table 2](#tab2){ref-type="table"}).
The rise in blood urea nitrogen ([Figure 5(a)](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}) and serum creatinine ([Figure 5(b)](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}) was significantly blunted when given melatonin alongside BPA. Melatonin also significantly attenuated BPA-induced fall in creatinine clearance ([Figure 5(c)](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}) and the presence of proteinuria (Figures [5(d)](#fig5){ref-type="fig"} and [5(e)](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}). Consistent with renal function, BPA-induced renal structural changes observed by light and electron microscopes were markedly improved following melatonin treatment ([Figure 6](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}). Focusing on renal tubules, electron micrographs were also able to demonstrate the well-preserved mitochondrial structure in the group treated with melatonin compared to that of BPA alone-treated group ([Figure 6](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}, lower panel).
### 3.2.2. Effects of Melatonin on Renal Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function in BPA-Exposed Rats {#sec3.2.2}
In view of renal oxidative stress ([Figure 7](#fig7){ref-type="fig"}), a striking increase in nitric oxide and malondialdehyde, together with a remarkable decrease in both nonenzymatic antioxidant glutathione and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, was observed after BPA (50 mg/kg) exposure (all *P* \< 0.05). Supplementation of melatonin restored all the changes caused by BPA to the levels that were comparable to the controls (all *P* \< 0.05).
Mitochondrial functional changes in response to BPA (50 mg/kg) and melatonin (10 mg/kg) treatments were demonstrated in Figures [8](#fig8){ref-type="fig"}. Significant increases in ROS production but decreases in membrane potential changes were evident in the kidney mitochondria of rats exposed to BPA for 5 weeks. The swelling of the kidney mitochondria was also apparent in rats after 5 weeks of BPA exposure. These alterations in mitochondrial function caused by BPA were restored with melatonin treatment (all *P* \< 0.05). These results were in agreement with the findings from electron microscopic studies as mentioned earlier ([Figure 6](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}, lower panel).
3.3. In Vitro Studies: Direct Impacts of BPA and Melatonin on Isolated Kidney Mitochondria {#sec3.3}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
### 3.3.1. Effects of Direct BPA Exposure on Isolated Kidney Mitochondrial Function {#sec3.3.1}
Exposure of BPA at various concentrations (1--1000 *μ*M) directly to the isolated mitochondria resulted in a significant increase in mitochondrial ROS production ([Figure 9(a)](#fig9){ref-type="fig"}) in association with a dramatic fall in mitochondrial membrane potential change ([Figure 9(b)](#fig9){ref-type="fig"}). The mitochondria exposed to BPA also demonstrated mitochondrial swelling as shown by an absorbance reduction at 540 nm ([Figure 9(c)](#fig9){ref-type="fig"}). The impacts of BPA on the isolated kidney mitochondria appeared to be in a dose-dependent manner, which the initial effect was significantly detected at BPA 125 *μ*M. Therefore, BPA at this concentration was selected for further investigation in all the remaining protocols.
### 3.3.2. Effects of Melatonin on Isolated Kidney Mitochondrial Function Following BPA Exposure {#sec3.3.2}
The mitochondria isolated from the kidneys and pretreated with melatonin (0.1--100 *μ*M) were able to sustain their functions upon exposure to 125 *μ*M BPA ([Figure 10](#fig10){ref-type="fig"}). The protection by melatonin was significantly observed at all concentrations examined. However, it appears that the lowest dose (0.1 *μ*M) of melatonin showed the least benefit, particularly on its effect to reduce BPA-induced mitochondrial ROS production, when compared to all other doses ([Figure 10(a)](#fig10){ref-type="fig"}). Moreover, there were no significant differences in the benefits of melatonin with the increasing dose from 0.5 to 100 *μ*M. Thus, melatonin at 0.5 *μ*M was used in further study of mitochondrial oxidative stress and morphological changes.
### 3.3.3. Effects of Melatonin on Isolated Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Following BPA Exposure {#sec3.3.3}
The isolated mitochondria exposed to BPA (125 *μ*M) showed a significant increase in MDA levels ([Figure 11(a)](#fig11){ref-type="fig"}) and a marked reduction in nonenzymatic antioxidant glutathione ([Figure 11(b)](#fig11){ref-type="fig"}). Pretreatment with melatonin (0.5 *μ*M) completely prevented mitochondria from all the changes caused by BPA (all *P* \< 0.05). None of these parameters were significantly altered in the group of mitochondria treated with melatonin alone compared to those in the control.
### 3.3.4. Effects of Melatonin on Isolated Mitochondrial Ultrastructure Following BPA Exposure {#sec3.3.4}
Electron microscopic examination showed a normal structure of the control mitochondria with tight cristae and matrix ([Figure 12(a)](#fig12){ref-type="fig"}). Melatonin itself did not alter the mitochondrial configuration ([Figure 12(b)](#fig12){ref-type="fig"}). Following BPA exposure (125 *μ*M), the mitochondria appeared swollen, had less dense matrix, and had loss of cristae ([Figure 12(c)](#fig12){ref-type="fig"}). All structural alterations caused by BPA were attenuated when melatonin (0.5 *μ*M) was applied prior to BPA exposure ([Figure 12(d)](#fig12){ref-type="fig"}).
4. Discussion {#sec4}
=============
The major issue challenged in this study is whether contamination with BPA could really have an adverse effect on the kidney. The current investigation also broadened to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin in the protection against any renal consequences that could ensue from BPA. The findings arise from this study confirm the impact of BPA in the kidney and also provide new insight regarding the potential therapeutic benefit of melatonin in diminishing the detrimental cellular and organ outcomes of BPA.
All rats in the BPA-treated groups showed less body weight gain than those in the vehicle-treated controls, and the severity was increased once the dose of BPA increased. This unusual body weight gain in the BPA-exposed rats may be affected by the reduction of food intake and/or the increase in energy expenditure. Although there was a tendency towards decreasing food intake upon increasing BPA exposure, the amount of food intake recorded from the BPA-treated groups was not significantly different from that obtained from the vehicle controls. The results suggested a catabolic effect of BPA rather than a disturbance of feeding mechanism. However, the renal hypertrophy did occur in BPA-contaminated rats despite the lower rate of growth development. This was evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in kidney weight when normalized to the corresponding body weight. These effects of BPA were mitigated by melatonin treatment.
The present study demonstrated that repeated exposure to BPA for 5 weeks resulted in azotemia, as indicated by increases in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. A dose-dependent reduction in urine creatinine excretion including creatinine clearance was also evident in all rats contaminated with BPA. These results reflect that BPA has a negative impact on the kidney and leads to a deterioration of renal function. The impaired ability to excrete waste products can be caused by a defect in glomerular filtration and/or tubular function. Interestingly, a remarkably increased urine protein excretion and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR), in a dose-dependent manner, were also coexisted after exposure to BPA. Since glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) are commonly affected in proteinuric conditions, it is suggested that the renal functional impairment observed in this study may lie in the damaging action of BPA on the kidney glomeruli. This suggestion was supported by light microscopic studies showing a range of glomerular abnormalities upon BPA exposure and further confirmed by the observations of irregular podocyte foot processes (effacement) from the electron microscopy. These results correlated well with the previous study demonstrating BPA-induced podocytopathy and proteinuria in mice as well as a diminished expression of the slit diaphragm proteins nephrin and podocin in cultured podocytes \[[@B27]\]. The finding from electron microscopy also showed renal proximal tubular damage in BPA-treated groups as observed by the alteration in mitochondrial ultrastructure in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, it is concluded that the impairment of renal tubular function following BPA exposure is the result of both BP-induced glomerular and tubular dysfunctions.
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, causing oxidative damage \[[@B28]\]. The present study found that BPA exposure not only increased the oxidant molecule nitric oxide (NO) but also decreased the antioxidants glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) in the kidney tissues. This imbalance led to renal oxidative stress and, subsequently, renal oxidative damage as shown by an increase lipid peroxidation index, the malondialdehyde (MDA). These results indicate that BPA-provoked renal injury in this study was mediated through oxidative stress mechanism. Consistent with the current study, BPA has previously been shown both in vitro and in vivo to induce oxidative injury in a variety of cells and organs, that is, the liver \[[@B10]\], testes \[[@B5]\], and pancreas \[[@B9]\]. The relations between high serum BPA levels and increased oxidative stress markers have also been reported in hemodialysis patients using BPA-containing polysulfone dialyzers \[[@B16]\].
The mitochondria have been recognized as an important intracellular source of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) generation and defective mitochondria have been related to different pathological conditions \[[@B27]\]. The present investigation showed that rats repeatedly contaminated with BPA (at 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) for 5 weeks exhibited renal mitochondrial dysfunction as supported by increased mitochondrial ROS production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and induction of mitochondrial swelling. The magnitude of these changes was augmented with the increasing dose of BPA. Importantly, the present study was also able to demonstrate a dose-dependent impairment in mitochondrial function when BPA was applied directly onto the isolated mitochondria. This finding suggested that BPA can act directly on the kidney mitochondria to worsen its function. The present experiment in an in vitro model further demonstrated the incidence of BPA-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, as indicated by increasing the levels of mitochondrial MDA while decreasing antioxidant glutathione. Collectively, current evidence suggests that the renal consequences of BPA, which occurred at a very high BPA exposure, are most probably produced via its direct action on the mitochondria, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and, eventually, whole organ damage. This suggestion was further supported by the previous study which showed that giving BPA to rats at 150, 250, and 500 mg/kg for 14 days resulted in hepatotoxicity \[[@B12]\]. The study also demonstrated that this dose-dependent induction of hepatotoxicity was produced by enhancing oxidative stress and impairing enzyme activities of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and, thus, mitochondria have been indicated as an important target of BPA \[[@B12]\].
The present investigation revealed that coadministration of melatonin to the BPA-contaminated rats was able to prevent BPA-induced nephrotoxicity, as supported by the improvements in azotemia, proteinuria, mitochondrial functional impairment, and renal structural changes. The protection by melatonin was observed in association with the restorations of all oxidative parameters (NO, GSH, SOD, and MDA) in the kidney tissues, suggesting that melatonin exerted its renoprotection via antioxidant mechanism. This is compatible with several publications showing the free-radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of melatonin \[[@B17], [@B18], [@B29]\]. It has been demonstrated that melatonin reduces the activity of both constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase, the enzymes involved in the production of the potentially toxic nitric oxide \[[@B17], [@B30]\]. Melatonin also stimulates the activity and mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase and increases the availability of glutathione, in addition to the increases in other antioxidant enzyme activities \[[@B29]\].
Importantly, the findings obtained herein further suggested that the mitochondrial protection by melatonin was mediated directly at the mitochondrial level. This suggestion arises from the present in vitro evidence showed that administration of melatonin directly onto the mitochondria prior to BPA exposure was able to protect BPA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by the reduction of mitochondrial MDA and elevation of mitochondrial GSH contents. Consistent with these findings, the mitochondria have been identified as a target for melatonin actions, and melatonin has been found to be protective against mitochondrial oxidative damage under various pathological conditions \[[@B17], [@B31]\]. There are also reports showing that melatonin interacts with lipid bilayers, reducing lipid peroxidation and stabilizing mitochondrial inner membrane, thereby improving electron transport chain (ETC) activity \[[@B32]\]. A direct role for melatonin to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, at least in part, to an effect on the expression of mtDNA has increasingly yielded considerable interest. Data have shown that melatonin could interact with complex I and IV of the ETC to increase complex activities and the subsequent promotion of electron flux through the ETC, resulting in increased ATP production \[[@B31]--[@B33]\]. However, whether these mechanisms also contribute to the protective effects of melatonin on renal mitochondria following BPA contamination observed in this study remained to be determined.
5. Conclusions {#sec5}
==============
In conclusion, the present study provides convincing evidence to indicate that BPA has a detrimental impact on the kidney. Emerging evidences also underscore the mitochondrial oxidative stress as a key mediator in BPA-induced nephrotoxicity. The study outcomes further demonstrate the renoprotective benefit of melatonin against BPA toxicity which is mediated, at least in part, by diminishing oxidative stress and maintaining redox equilibrium within the mitochondria. However, further study is needed to explore the in-depth mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin in combatting renal disorders elicited by this important industrial chemical. Besides, the current study assesses the adverse effects of BPA at high doses which are mostly being obtained by occupational exposure. Further study using low dose for longer time in order to reproduce a realistic scenario of exposure in general populations is also required.
This work was supported by the Faculty of Medicine Endowment Fund for Medical Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand (OW), and NSTDA Research Chair Grant from the National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand (NC).
Conflicts of Interest
=====================
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.
{#fig1}
{#fig2}
{#fig3}
{#fig4}
{#fig5}
{#fig6}
{#fig7}
{#fig8}
{#fig9}
{#fig10}
{#fig11}
{#fig12}
######
Effects of various concentrations of bisphenol A on body weight, kidney weight, and food intake.
Experimental groups Initial BW (g) Food intake (g/day) BW gain (%) KW/BW (^∗^100)
--------------------- ---------------- --------------------- -------------------- -----------------
Veh 237.00 ± 4.79 21.21 ± 0.83 56.87 ± 6.10 0.53 ± 0.02
BPA50 232.50 ± 9.46 20.29 ± 0.48 49.56 ± 5.32 0.60 ± 0.01^∗^
BPA100 242.50 ± 2.50 19.04 ± 1.28 30.96 ± 2.78^∗†^ 0.68 ± 0.03^∗^
BPA150 235.00 ± 11.90 18.04 ± 2.85 12.95 ± 7.14^∗†\#^ 0.80 ± 0.06^∗†^
Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (*n* = 4). Veh: vehicle-treated group; BPA (50, 100, and 150): bisphenol A-treated group at 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg i.p., respectively, for 5 weeks; BW: body weight; KW: kidney weight. ^∗^*P* \< 0.05 versus Veh, ^†^*P* \< 0.05 versus BPA50, ^\#^*P* \< 0.05 versus BPA100.
######
Effects of melatonin on body weight, kidney weight, and food intake in BPA-exposed rats.
Experimental groups Initial BW (g) Food intake (g/day) BW gain (%) KW/BW (^∗^100)
--------------------- ---------------- --------------------- ------------------ -----------------
Veh 231.88 ± 1.32 22.14 ± 0.59 57.65 ± 2.83 0.61 ± 0.01
BPA 233.13 ± 2.66 21.29 ± 0.59 46.04 ± 2.97^∗^ 0.78 ± 0.04^∗^
BPA + MEL 231.88 ± 2.98 25.50 ± 0.44^†^ 54.16 ± 2.18^∗†^ 0.72 ± 0.01^∗†^
Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (*n* = 8). Veh: vehicle-treated group; BPA: bisphenol A-treated group at 50 mg/kg i.p.; BPA + MEL: - (50 mg/kg, i.p.) plus melatonin- (10 mg/kg, i.p.) treated group for 5 weeks; BW: body weight; KW: kidney weight. ^∗^*P* \< 0.05 versus Veh, ^†^*P* \< 0.05 versus BPA.
[^1]: Academic Editor: Serafina Perrone
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '3a97d92893777f0e916e8d32aa47fe8ac8561c5a0971af098e8b3bffb57da862'} |
Saratoga Tax Lawyers – The Saver’s Credit provides a nonrefundable tax credit for contributions made by eligible, low income taxpayers to IRAs and qualified elective income deferrals.
The plan provides incentives for lower income individuals to save for their retirement through available qualified plans. To qualify, the taxpayer must have reached the age of 18 by the close of the year and cannot be a full-time student or dependent of another.
The credit ranges from 10% to 50% of the first $2,000 contributed by each taxpayer to a qualified plan during the year. The credit gradually phases out as a taxpayer’s modified AGI increases. The tables below are for 2012 and 2013. The phase outs are inflation adjusted from year to year; please call for the phase outs for other than the years shown.
Modified AGI– Adjusted gross income is determined without regard to foreign and protectorate income exclusions or foreign housing exclusions.
The credit is nonrefundable and offsets alternative minimum tax liability as well as regular tax liability.
Example – Eric and Heather, both age 28, are married and file a joint return for 2013. Eric contributed $3,000 through his 401(k) plan at work, and Heather contributed $500 to her IRA account. Their modified AGI for the year was $30,000. The credit is computed as follows:
Example – Eric and Heather file a return using the standard deduction for a married couple and their tax for the year is computed as follows:
Caution – To prevent taxpayers from withdrawing contributions from existing plans, and subsequently recontributing the funds in order to qualify for the credit, Congress built in a two-year look back period that generally reduces a taxpayer’s current year contribution by withdrawals during the look-back period.
John Erik Fraker, Esq.
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Call Now Button | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '19', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.952286660671234}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '83232', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SLXVYJR5BOVXG6OCYD347M6UELCUPYY7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:98a59e37-4fd8-44bc-b2f6-d707b9b4b309>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 6, 6, 53, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.124.249.106', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LSNLIIIKLABTZROPPTHKUUICEU6CNZ5P', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:bed2c806-2a07-4809-ace7-3d223de51693>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.ainerfraker.com/savers-credit-benefit-you/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ee3ec84e-3e6a-4225-bf18-d40373175627>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '292', 'url': 'https://www.ainerfraker.com/savers-credit-benefit-you/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-204.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02107083797454834', 'original_id': '0f58e9c66cdc6b9ff79fe2412d2581693cfb36e30715ae9687c20d17f61d9bab'} |
2 tables
The Psychology of Women under Patriarchy
Edited by Holly F. MathewsAdriana M. Manago
In the #MeToo era, US women continue to struggle with whether or not to report sexual harassment, while women living in parts of rural Pakistan and Mexico try to pursue educational and employment opportunities without directly refusing parental wishes for them to marry. Despite rapidly changing social and economic conditions worldwide, patriarchal practices remain remarkably widespread and persistent. Noting the need to move beyond a dichotomy of accommodation and resistance, the contributors to this volume draw upon field research and in-depth qualitative data from different parts of the world to explore the reasons for women’s varied psychological responses to patriarchy. These feminist scholars bridge preexisting divides between bio-psychological, sociological, and cultural perspectives to explain the ways that women’s desires, goals, and identities interact with culturally situated systems in order to develop more complex theories about the psychological underpinnings of patriarchy and to inform more socially progressive policies to improve the lives of women and men globally.
Contributor Bios
Holly F. Mathews is a professor of anthropology at East Carolina University with a theoretical background in cognitive anthropology as applied to the study of gender roles and gender ideology.
Adriana M. Manago is an assistant professor of developmental psychology at the University of California, Santa Cruz, specializing in adolescence and the transition to adulthood. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '51', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8820695877075195}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '51336', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TZNLYV5IZG73XFSD4IAWNU6U6Q7NVHL6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c79ec43f-bebf-477e-bea3-e8147146e0f7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 17, 0, 7, 13), 'WARC-IP-Address': '64.106.42.201', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GS2BEHAZU6XQU6DZNTMKNEMN2BGJF2RF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ced7933c-930a-41fc-8fea-8bf8fa230205>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.unmpress.com/books/psychology-women-under-patriarchy/9780826360830', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5b8f7c90-0a26-4345-b408-5d440a8449c3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '231', 'url': 'https://www.unmpress.com/books/psychology-women-under-patriarchy/9780826360830', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-76.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.035639822483062744', 'original_id': '8a12a9c95acf6987aa5360f87792c4f2c465b1c923af671042a234d961e2c6ad'} |
# Our 'concept' of the game, maintaining the rules of the game
class Game
attr_reader :players
attr_accessor :die, :board
attr_reader :winner
def initialize
@players = []
@rules = {}
@players.extend PlayerCircle
end
def join(person, pawn)
player = person.extend Player
player.pawn = pawn
player.game = self
player.place_pawn_on_board
@players.push player
end
def pawns
players.map(&:pawn)
end
# method name suggestion from:
# http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/117734
def active_player
@active_player ||= players.start
end
def next_turn
@winner = active_player if active_player.pawn.location >= board.space_count
@active_player = @players.next_after active_player
end
def play_round
return if winner
current_player = active_player
round_finished = false
until round_finished
active_player.play_turn(die)
round_finished = (active_player == current_player) || winner
end
end
def set_rules_for_space(rules, space)
@rules[space] = rules
end
def get_rules_for_space(space)
@rules[space] || Rules::Base.new
end
end
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/matthijsgroen/game-of-geese/blob/master/app/models/game.rb', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '', 'title': 'game-of-geese', 'creator': 'matthijsgroen', 'language': 'Ruby', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '117', 'token_count': '386', '__index_level_0__': '34493', 'original_id': '44ecbb4c7a687f339b1e35e140f748405908e1800539858350eaf935598b1b12'} |
Prize provider: Organic Publicity.
Dogwoof are delighted to announce the Digital HD, DVD & Blu-ray release of the critically-acclaimed ‘dogumentary’ STRAY, from award-winning filmmaker Elizabeth Lo, available from 26 April 2021.
A unique, moving, and universal documentary, STRAY explores what it means to live as a being without status or security - through the eyes of three stray dogs wandering the streets of Istanbul. As they search for food and shelter, Zeytin, Nazar and Kartal embark on inconspicuous journeys through Turkish society that allow us an unvarnished portrait of human life — and their own canine culture.
STRAY marks Elizabeth Lo’s debut feature film, which she not only directed but produced, shot and edited. An award-winning filmmaker and long-time documentary short director, Lo’s work has been broadcast and showcased internationally, including at the Sundance Film Festival, Tribeca Film Festival, Hot Docs, True/False, BAMCinemafest, New York Times Op-Docs, and PBS' POV. Elizabeth was selected for the New York Film Festival Artist Academy in 2018 and the Locarno Film Festival Filmmakers Academy in 2019, and her work has played at over 100 film festivals and has won numerous awards. Her short films include Hotel 22 (2015), Bisonhead (2016), Mother’s Day (2017), The Disclosure President (2016), Notes from Buena Vista (2016), Treasure Island (2014), and Last Stop in Santa Rosa (2013).
For your chance to win, just answer the following question:
How many Cinema Eye Honours Awards was the film nominated for?
A: One
B: Two
C: Three
Closing Date : 27th May 2021
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The midstream sector isn't homogeneous -- there are a lot of different business models that fall into the space. In other words, you can't look at every midstream company the same way. For example, USA Compression Partners LP (NYSE:USAC) and CSI Compressco LP (NASDAQ:CCLP) offer investors yields of 12% and 13%, respectively, but they provide a niche service, and results can be volatile. Most income investors will be better served by something a little more boring. Here's why you should avoid these two yield traps -- and an alternative that should be able to keep distributions coming in good markets and bad.
A tiny piece of the puzzle
Pipelines are a vital link in the energy industry. They help move oil and natural gas from where they are drilled to where they are processed and used. But you can't just put oil or natural gas into a pipe and hope for the best; you need pressure to help ensure speedy movement through the line. That's a simplification, of course, but it provides a basic picture of what master limited partnerships USA Compression Partners and CSI Compressco do -- as their names imply, they offer compression services.
While a necessary business, demand for compression goes up and down with the amount of amount of energy being pushed through pipelines. That's not inherently bad, but the business is asset heavy, and leverage tends to be material. Material leverage and volatile revenues can create a problem.
A man turning valves on an energy pipeline.
Image source: Getty Images.
USA Compression Partners' ratio of financial debt to equity is roughly 1; CSI Compressco's ratio is at 2.75. While a financial debt to equity ratio of 1 isn't outlandish, it isn't low, and 2.75 is pretty high. For comparison, Enterprise Products Partners LP (NYSE:EPD), which own pipelines and other assets, has a financial debt to equity ratio of just 0.4.
Leverage can be great when things are going well, but can cause problems when times are tough. In 2016 and early 2017, a difficult period for energy markets, demand for CSI Compressco's services was relatively weak. The utilization rate of its assets was in the mid 70% range, leading to a distribution coverage ratio in 2016 of 0.99. In other words, the cash flow the partnership had available to pay distributions was one basis point shy of covering the full distribution. That's not great, but distribution coverage was even worse in the final quarter of the year at just 0.68. It's little wonder that the partnership chose to cut the distribution by 50% shortly before announcing first-quarter 2017 earnings (the second cut in roughly a year).
USA Compression Partners is in better financial shape, but the same basic logic applies to the company's business. As demand ebbs and flows, so do its results. After 10 consecutive quarterly increases, the partnership's distribution has held steady since late 2015. That makes sense, given that the distributable cash-flow coverage ratio in 2016 was 1 times and fell to 0.89 times in 2017. Distribution coverage is back over 1 at this point (without the need for a distribution cut), but the coverage weakness in 2016 and 2017 shows the inherent volatility in the business.
CCLP Financial Debt to Equity (Quarterly) Chart
CCLP financial debt to equity (quarterly) data by YCharts.
The high yields here are enticing. But for income investors, the uncertainty in the businesses isn't worth the risk. CSI Compressco's distribution cut shows exactly what can happen when times get tough. Which is why a midstream company like Enterprise Products Partners, despite having a yield that's about half as large at roughly 6%, is a better option.
Through the tough spot
Enterprise, one the of the largest midstream companies in North America, owns a large collection of fee-based assets. It is a toll taker, often signing take-or-pay contracts, which require payment even if the customer doesn't fully utilize an asset. And, as the leverage metrics above highlight, Enterprise takes a fairly conservative approach to its balance sheet.
The real proof of the partnership's conservative nature, however, is in the distribution numbers. Distribution coverage, despite industry headwinds in 2016 and 2017, has remained above 1.2 times in each of the last five years. The dividend, meanwhile, has been increased annually for 21 consecutive years. Those are numbers that let investors sleep well at night.
CCLP Dividend Per Share (Quarterly) Chart
CCLP dividend per share (quarterly) data by YCharts.
Enterprise, meanwhile, is working to become even more conservative today. It is slowing distribution growth from its historical mid-single-digit rate to the low single digits so it can self-fund more of its own growth. That will allow the company to avoid issuing dilutive units to fund growth and reduce its cost of capital over time. While that's having a notable impact on the distribution coverage today, pushing it even higher, the longer-term impact is more important: Enterprise's business model will be even more conservative in the future than it was in the past. And that should make the distribution that much more secure.
The big-picture takeaway
If you are an income investor looking for a reliable income stream backed by financially strong and steady businesses, then CSI Compressco and USA Compression are not the right choices for your portfolio. The yields are enticing, but the businesses backing those double-digit yields are volatile. You're likely to be better off with a boring, conservative midstream player like Enterprise Products Partners, where there's little concern that the still-generous 6% yield won't survive a downturn. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9567729234695436}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '101536', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JERMG27QM24LAYAFNLW4RKHXZJ6BEVAI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a7677f69-5174-401a-b540-74269ce4623a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 25, 9, 13, 21), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.201.143', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:IASJTTU5YHAIP3GGNT6NFRGF2DCQGTDF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0fd16798-4cfa-48a3-94e5-3db792dd1c6e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/10/18/dont-fall-into-these-2-yield-traps-this-stock-is-a.aspx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5534cc6e-8dc0-45c2-8938-7f20addfcb0d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '907', 'url': 'https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/10/18/dont-fall-into-these-2-yield-traps-this-stock-is-a.aspx', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-144-182-216.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10359668731689453', 'original_id': '4c9a48b9a60d38e6677596b414f77f07629be8b87d3871c826a3b4ab2bcfe689'} |
Man builds apartment under a bridge
A plumber from Spain built a tiny apartment under a bridge in Valencia. This isn't one of those things that you see every day. Fernando Abellanas, a plumber from Spain, spends his spare time creating what he calls "parasite living". He finds hidden spaces around public landmarks and turns them into tiny living spaces. His secret little apartment…
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<div class="card-text small">Stockton Street</div>
<div class="card-text small">
Starts from:
<span class="card-price"> $1000</span>
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</div>
<div class="card-info">
<div class="card-text big cardText-js">The Hotel Riviera</div>
<div class="card-text small">Stockton Street</div>
<div class="card-text small">
Starts from:
<span class="card-price"> $300</span>
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<div class="card-info">
<div class="card-text big cardText-js">The Hotel Star Pasific</div>
<div class="card-text small">Stockton Street</div>
<div class="card-text small">
Starts from:
<span class="card-price"> $1400</span>
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<div class="card-wrapper main-card">
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<div class="card-info">
<div class="card-text big cardText-js">Hotel Instant Destiny </div>
<div class="card-text small">Stockton Street</div>
<div class="card-text small">
Starts from:
<span class="card-price"> $1800</span>
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<div class="card-wrapper main-card">
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<img src="https://source.unsplash.com/featured/1200x900/?architecture,modern" alt="Hotel">
</div>
<div class="card-info">
<div class="card-text big cardText-js">The White Roses Hotel</div>
<div class="card-text small">Stockton Street</div>
<div class="card-text small">
Starts from:
<span class="card-price"> $700</span>
</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="card-wrapper main-card">
<a class="card cardItemjs" onclick="openModal()">
<div class="card-image-wrapper">
<img src="https://source.unsplash.com/featured/1200x900/?hotel,modern" alt="Hotel">
</div>
<div class="card-info">
<div class="card-text big cardText-js">Hotel Tom's Dinner</div>
<div class="card-text small">Stockton Street</div>
<div class="card-text small">
Starts from:
<span class="card-price"> $1500</span>
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</section>
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<p>Stockton Street</p>
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Starts from:
<span class="amount">$1000</span>
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<svg class="btn-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M4 19.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 17H20"></path><path d="M6.5 2H20v20H6.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4 19.5v-15A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 2z"></path></svg>
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<span>2 Bedrooms</span>
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<span>2 Bathrooms</span>
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<svg class="btn-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-square"><rect x="3" y="3" width="18" height="18" rx="2" ry="2"/></svg>
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<span>1250m2</span>
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<span>Highly Secured</span>
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
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<p>Jessica Finnick</p>
</div>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris</p>
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<p>Gloria Ramirez</p>
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<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris</p>
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<p>Luck Besson</p>
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<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris</p>
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<p>Luna Rosa</p>
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<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris</p>
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<p>John mayer</p>
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<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris</p>
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<p>Tina Finnick</p>
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<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris</p>
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<p>July Wallock</p>
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<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris</p>
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JFK Airport heist yields indictment after 35 years
NEW YORK (AP) >> A federal racketeering indictment has been issued in the 1978 Lufthansa robbery at New York’s Kennedy International Airport, a notorious heist featured in the Martin Scorcese movie “Goodfellas.”
The five defendants named Thursday include Vincent Asaro, of Howard Beach in Queens, an alleged captain in the Bonanno crime family.
The Dec. 11, 1978, heist was one of the largest cash thefts in American history.
Hooded gunmen invaded the airline’s cargo terminal and stole about $5 million in untraceable U.S. currency being returned to the United States from Germany.
In June, FBI investigators descended on a Queens neighborhood where it’s believed the robbery was planned. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '18', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9438624978065492}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '87087', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EEHMQOGV5SVY627NBQKEJWX7QO6BEECF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d5bbce48-cdae-47f8-9514-7a130ad08e6f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 1, 11, 11, 41), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.3.13.73', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BCMA5GK77GEH7X7RZK5O7AG4N5KLAX2M', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2dce3b6e-35f3-4e9f-83b5-0f1df1210cc9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.dailyfreeman.com/general-news/20140123/jfk-airport-heist-yields-indictment-after-35-years', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b71010b5-ddb5-4739-a570-9e4774d0b76b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '127', 'url': 'http://www.dailyfreeman.com/general-news/20140123/jfk-airport-heist-yields-indictment-after-35-years', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.28476375341415405', 'original_id': '764ab0594a56521b3da09e79220f8917d04958a321852d6ebaba134a7f98750e'} |
Dwight Henson: A Denver mayor's race profile
With John Hickenlooper having taken office as Colorado's governor, we know Denver will have a new mayor this year, and the race is wide open. To introduce you to the players, we're offering profiles of official candidates. Next up: Dwight Henson.
"A lot of people say, 'Don't judge me unless you've walked a mile in my shoes,'" Dwight Henson notes. "Well, I've done that."
Henson's initial run for Denver mayor took place in 2003, when the former ranch worker was homeless. (He also made a bid to become mayor of Hillsdale, Michigan "about twenty years ago.") He has since become a homeless advocate, with access to people in power. He laughingly maintains that "I've probably been in John Hickenlooper's office more than his wife."
His recommendations didn't always strike a chord with Hickenlooper during those visits.
"We shook hands in public, but behind closed doors, we fought like cats and dogs," Henson says.
This time around, Henson ranks "economy and jobs" as the top issues, and he's got an idea how to deal with both.
"I want to bring casinos into town," he says. "I believe that will trickle down to other businesses, like restaurants, hotels, retail spaces and all that stuff. I get tired of watching the buses come down here from Black Hawk, load up with people and then go up there so they can spend their money. They wouldn't have to get on buses to gamble if they could spend their money right here in Denver."
In addition, Henson would like to "eliminate or reduce residential property taxes. They're way too high." As for the potential loss in revenue if such a move was made, he believes "gambling's going to cover that." Indeed, he thinks revenues would be so sizable "that we could restore some of the services that have been cut." But if forced to eliminate expenditures, he suggests "taking the flowers out of the parks and putting that money toward something else that's more pressing."
Regarding the rash of excessive-force complaints directed at the Denver Police Department, including cases involving Michael DeHerrera, Alexander Landau and Nick Lynch, Henson believes there's a lot of blame to go around.
"If they had speakers on those cameras, we'd know what was said," he allows. "People talk about freedom of speech, but sometimes they can abuse that situation. And I can't make any comments until I actually know what was said. You've heard the saying, 'Sticks and stones will break your bones, but words will never hurt you'? That's not true. That's like a verbal assault. I have some friends in the police department, but I'm sure there are a few bad apples. So I say go forward, and if anything comes up, we'll investigate it then."
Given his background, it's only natural that homelessness would be an important issue for him as well. But he's not one to throw money at the problem.
"The ten-year plan to end homelessness is a little bit flawed," he allows. "I had a hand in writing it, but there were a few things I didn't have a hand in writing, and they're not putting their foot down with people coming to town. Ever since the plan was announced, everybody wants to come to Denver, because they're looking for free housing. Denver's the number-one stop for homeless people, because we're so liberal. But I don't think we need a kid-glove approach to homelessness. We need more of a hard-handler approach."
Indeed, Hanson likes a plan employed by Philadelphia, which he describes as "getting old buildings, fixing them up and making apartments out of them, and then going to homeless people and saying, 'We've got a place for you to live' -- but if they don't take the apartments, they have to leave Philadelphia or go to jail. It's called forced housing, and don't see anything wrong with it if we get people off the streets."
In regard to his chances of success in the mayor's race, he acknowledges the presence of candidates with many more resources than he has at his disposal. For instance, he had no campaign website. So Henson hopes one-on-one communication with voters will help him stand out. To that end, he asks that we publish his phone number -- 303-764-2218 -- and encourage people to reach out to him.
"A lot of these other guys, they have staffers you have to go through to get to them," he says. "But if you've got a question for me, call and you'll get. Just ask me, and I'll answer the best I can. That's one way I'm different."
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Remind Me Later > | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '151', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9836348295211792}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '82856', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:IWW7YHHBQJ7Q7WWPSLNEFA6P7OHJ7DRK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:44910e93-9431-42f9-bf12-57cec9520cc1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 30, 7, 33, 28), 'WARC-IP-Address': '93.184.216.229', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LMZ2QSOLM6DRCU234FIIN4QG76R2QDR3', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3be0e44a-402b-43f6-ad67-c61d301a48d6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.westword.com/news/dwight-henson-a-denver-mayors-race-profile-5835665', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0afbf71f-602c-4280-bf99-6eefc3ff5129>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '867', 'url': 'http://www.westword.com/news/dwight-henson-a-denver-mayors-race-profile-5835665', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-30\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0782008171081543', 'original_id': '9697dcc07bb1bf58739f29bb03eb6e69cb74f8a07b2611b07e7216d3441430f8'} |
Working with an award-winning, local charity to communicate their vision and values.
The Hideout
The Hideout
A history based on collaboration
In the mid 1980s the Government decided to close long stay hospitals & institutions. They replaced them with good quality community based housing. Agencies in the Maidstone area joined together to form mcch society limited. In the early 1990s mcch became an independent organisation.
Nowadays they follow their visions, values and standards continuing to provide individuals with the key life skills and support to allow them to live happy and independently.
Where we came in
We have been working with the mcch team for a number of years to develop their visual brand identity and a variety of marketing materials.
Projects have included a printed and interactive digital annual review, a large-scale wall piece to brighten up their chill-out area in their Aylesford office, an online job application form and most recently a fundraising pack to get people taking part.
The Hideout
Fun raising!
As a charity, mcch depends heavily on donations. When the time came for them to update their fundraising packs we were very excited to get involved. To engage the potential donor, we address the situation in a fun and visually exciting way, making sure they understand that whatever weird and wacky way they choose to support mcch, it DOES make a difference! We have created a 12 page fundraising booklet and a sweepstake poster that will all be sent out in an oversized A5 folder.
The design ties in perfectly with their other materials we’ve created for them in the past, featuring all their bright brand colours and the mcch ribbon, which weaves itself around photography and illustrative elements. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9573882222175598}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '33714', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:J2Q7PND55AABXVUL7AO6FH2CWWFQCWPC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f090a07b-4697-4f44-89c1-5a44301fad5b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 21, 24, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '149.255.56.58', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:SGBIVST3KJKMZSMQYZZW4UAX7C5UPM2E', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9e09923a-7814-4a38-8b92-1096db7b22f4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://thehideout.co.uk/case-study/mcch/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:54ec43e8-fead-420f-862c-4074596b74e8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '283', 'url': 'https://thehideout.co.uk/case-study/mcch/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-30-205-180.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03474003076553345', 'original_id': '5266cb62a27ed307bab04cd1a356806ea7d8b0402efde630f61aeec73e6bfb02'} |
BRD research needs in the next 10-20 years.
Despite numerous advances in bovine infectious disease research, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains a significant disease threat and a cause of tremendous loss. Renewed efforts and innovative strategies are required to build on the successes of the past to achieve the successes of tomorrow. Continued and improved support of BRD research will prove to be a worthwhile investment. To achieve better coordination and more efficient use of resources, the following supportive actions should be considered. There should be coordination of integrative teams through an over-arching agency (United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)) to provide peer review and priority review for available public research funds. This would include use of development grants (as seed and matching funding) available to public/private partnerships. Testing and validation of new procedures in production settings (providing more than cost analyses) should be strengthened. Publication of studies should be promoted and old links between clinicians, diagnosticians and basic researchers should be re-established. Sets of 'best practices' should be published. Programs to support both basic and applied research through graduate fellowships, residencies, workshops and start-up funding for young research scientists should be strengthened. Sustained funding to train the next generation of research investigators should be addressed as a critical need. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '8e22f99ba6b5926085041d14f7a6012f16bce39d549c91a900dfa899d7748ea9'} |
LIFE LATELY // An Honest Reflection on Moving to Boise
Hello everyone! I haven't done a "Life Lately" post in what seems like forever, and when I do the writing for my outfit posts, I've been trying to keep them fairly quick and mainly about the outfit and what I might have done while wearing it. When I look back at my old posts, I realize just how different my style of blogging has become. While I don't necessarily think it's a bad thing, I sometimes miss the openness and endearing candidness with which I used to blog. While my blog title has become Dragonfruit Diaries, my posts have become less and less "diary"-like as they used to be.
So today, I'd like to sit down and honestly tell you what I've been up to and experiencing since moving to Boise for college.
1. University level is different than community college level.
This was something I had a hard time adjusting to. In my last few semesters at the community college I attended, I had very easy classes that were a breeze to get A's in. However, switching to BSU made me realize how spoiled I had been. Classes had a much higher expectation level that I struggled to reach at times. I'm still frustrated by my experience in Printmaking, as I was consistently below the quality of work I wanted to produce, especially compared to my classmates. Despite the hardships, I survived the semester, albeit not as successfully as I might have wished. I'm going to call it a learning experience and come back more prepared next year though!
2. Not living 20 minutes away from home is tough.
While it's nice living away from your parents, there is a certain essence of comfort to be found in that place called home that no other substitute quite has. I miss being able to escape the apartment and spend a night at mom and dad's for some peace and quiet every now and then.
3. Being uprooted from all your family and close friends is lonely - even if you're a loner.
I knew it would be difficult to start over in a completely new city. As I've grown, I've realized just how many traits I share with my dad. While we both can be social and fairly charismatic, our inner selves just want the freedom of being on our own and only having a few close and dear friends to share moments with. Put me in a crowd and I shrink into myself, wanting nothing more than to escape and go back to my room and curl up with a book. However, having a few, close friends that I could be myself around is a rare and precious thing, and I realized just how precious that type of bond is when it was taken away from me. Sharing that sort of connection with people is one I find important and a necessity.
4. It's important to have a space you love.
Speaking of my room, that's what turned into my sanctuary away from the stress and craziness of the world. I really love how I set up my room and managed to put together to create a space of my own. It was like a mini home that I loved walking into at the end of the day.
5. Don't drive yourself to the ground doing just work and school - learn to have some fun too!
This was my biggest struggle. Instead of going out and exploring the area and discovering all the new places to eat or shop, I found myself being consumed by a never ending load of school, work, and trying to blog. It was only towards the end of this semester that I learned how to balance it enough to where I could do a few fun things as well. Of course, it was difficult because usually when you go out, you go out with a friend or two, right? Not me. I often would go by myself and learned to enjoy my own company. It's lonely, I won't lie, but I got used to it and ended up having fun on my own!
6. Don't forget to take care of yourself.
Ah yes, another point I can preach about but would be lying if I said I practiced it as well.
Guys, if you have better self discipline and control than me, HEED THIS TIP!
Get to bed on time when you've got an early schedule, plan ahead for your meals and what you'll eat, and take your vitamins. It's common sense, but seriously, when you start taking care of yourself, you'll not only be healthier, but you'll be mentally happy as well.
Which is probably why I was so up and down emotionally this semester...
Sooo, I'm gonna have to walk the talk now, aren't I?
In Conclusion:
All in all, this semester was a tough one. I'm not gonna lie, I had it way easy before, so my spoiled self had a difficult time adjusting to these changes. It had been so long since I'd felt so alone. No close friends were nearby to turn to - and texting and e-mails can only be relied on so much. Starting a new job with a difficult co-worker was a huge mental strain. Trying and failing to meet the standard of quality work in art classes pushed my self esteem down even further. Looking back, I can see how everything ended up going in a cycle that led from one negative experience to another. Feeling friendless made me pull further into myself, constantly being dragged into a nasty work environment wore me down mentally, and with little to no motivation left, I didn't put as much effort into projects that I should have, leading to a lackluster portfolio to show for the class.
I don't regret it though, and I'm looking forward to coming back with the knowledge I have now and turning my experience around for an even better one! While my school and work experience haven't been the best, I've fallen in love with the city itself and am happy to live in a location that offers so much. There are always fun little events happening each weekend and a fairly decent music scene (it's no Portland, that's for sure, but for a state commonly forgotten or confused with Iowa, they don't do too bad), plus great local food and a growing environmental awareness make Boise a great city to live in.
This summer, I'm moving back to my parent's place to save up money. While it feels like a step backwards, I'd like to view it more as a crouch in preparation for a bigger leap forward. I'll be back, Boise. And this time, I'll be ready for you.
Mili said...
Even with all your struggles, it's good to hear that you're remaining positive through it all :) Congrats on finishing the semester! I'm sure with all this experience and inner reflection the next one will be smoother :)
Samantha said...
I love your frankness, Linda. It's probably one of my favourite things about your blog! We've all felt your feelings at some point or another. Personally, I can completely relate to number three; living in a new part of the country has truly made me miss my friends. And I wish I had the ability to stay home during school - it's too much to juggle school and work. There's plenty of time for lots of work later in life! Haha
Toks said...
Great post Linda. I know how tough it is moving to a new city, I've been through the same a couple of times. The last time, I moved to Seville, where I live now, because of my job and just kept running back home every weekend. A year later, I'm really happy here and have made amazing friends. I think it's so good that you remain positive. xoxoxo
Chezka Cenon said...
Remain positive babe, it will get better. Take it from someone who finally finished won't remember the projects and classes you did, you'll remember the fun stuff. So make memories babe while you're there :)
- Che
Chezka Cenon said...
- Che
Kat said...
although this semester was a tough one, it really seems like you came out of it stronger! im glad that you are finding the joy in experiencing the new city and i hope next year you have the time of your life :)
Melissa Ortiz said...
I love your positive attitude despite everything :) & I love how honest you are being as well... Just remember that these situations make you a stronger person! I moved out of my home town not too long ago, I still had my sister, so I didn't feel too lonely- but it was definitely a big change. I assure you it will get better overtime <3
Gracey Williams said...
Change is always kind of hard to handle, but you have a positive attitude about the future! I know what you mean about writing style changing, I'm trying to go back to my "old" writing style. I don't even know when it started to change but it used to be much more relaxed and open.
Breakfast at Gracey's
Rosh S said...
You have leanr tso much by moving away from home. I leanrt similar lessons when I moved out of home to do my MBA. But you know what, after some time, you start loving the new life :)
Style For Mankind said...
Facebook / Bloglovin
Kati said...
I enjoyed reading your honest report, Linda. I also found it difficult when I moved cities (and later even countries) but all those experiences make you stronger. It's an old saying but it is damn true.
Kim Alston said...
It will be ok Linda. That was a major adjustment. I think you handled it beautifully. When I first started college, it was an adjustment. I decided to take a couple of months off and sign up for a smaller one. I needed that individual attention. You know what's best for you. It's not the one that finishes first. Remember that. Step back. Regroup. Keep moving forward. There's a reason for everything.
Marlen said...
Arg, I totally feel you on having a hard time being away from everyone. When I moved to Seattle I totally thought I'd be there at least a few years, but it was waaaay to hard being apart from my brothers and best friends. But you're moving forward and it'll all get easier. Life is meant to be spent comfortably after all. Proud of you, boo :)
xo marlen
Messages on a Napkin
Keit said...
I don't think living with parents is a step back, especially if you do it to save money. If I had a family here in my current hometown, I'd live with them (if they weren't too annoying) because the rent is dreadful >.<
I absolutely understand your feelings here. When I started Uni it was a big shock - new place, new people, away from home and it didn't help that the experience was awful in general. It took me 3 years to realize that I hated everything there, but it was too late so I pushed forward and finished my exams and left everything behind me with a breath of relief :D
Still, I know you'll pull through, beginnings are sometimes difficult, especially when we're not prepared, but you're prepared now, so you'll kick ass little lady! :D
Lily Fang said...
These are my favorite posts of yours, Linda! To be honest, it was you and Ali who inspired me to be more open and vulnerable in my blog content. As I was reading this, I found myself nodding--going away for college has really hard for me too! In high school, I was one of the top few students, but in college, there are so many of them. Definitely don't be so hard on yourself for not doing as well as you wanted the first time. There's so much to adjust to your first semester!
I definitely agree with your third point a lot (all of them really resonate though). I remember lamenting with a friend at the beginning of the year that even though we were constantly surrounded by people, we felt lonely because these people were new friends who barely knew us. I promise you that it gets much better and you bond so quickly--I'm sure you've experienced this already to some degree. Heck, now I'm neven comfortable enough to fart in in the presence of certain college friends when I'd never do that with home friends I've known for years. {Sorry, waayyy TMI haha}. But it just goes to show that eventually you will feel at home.
I know that with your drive, you're going to conquer the next semester. Wishing you the loveliest of summers, Linda!
imperfect idealist
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Detection of protein on BTLAlow cells and in vivo antibody-mediated down-modulation of BTLA on lymphoid and myeloid cells of C57BL/6 and BALB/c BTLA allelic variants.
B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA, CD272) is a polymorphic molecule belonging to the Ig superfamily (SF) that attenuates BCR and TCR-mediated signaling, and thereby functions as a negative regulator of lymphocyte activation. Herein, we report an anti-murine BTLA mAb (clone 4G12b) that remarkably detects protein expression on BTLA(low) cells such as naïve CD4(+) cells, CD8(+) T cells, dendritic cells (DC), as well as in NKT cells and for the first time, we found BTLA expression on DX5(dim) and DX5(bright) subsets of non-T NK cells in both C57BL/6 (B6) and BALB/c BTLA allelic variants. Anti-BTLA 4G12b mAb binds to an overlapping epitope to that recognized by anti-BTLA 6A6 mAb, but in contrast to the concept widely accepted of blocking activity of 6A6 mAb, surprisingly neither 4G12b nor 6A6 mAbs impeded murine HVEM-mIgG(2a).Fc recombinant fusion protein from interacting with BTLA-expressing cells. Lastly, in vivo administration of anti-BTLA 4G12b mAb induced a profound and lasting down-modulation of BTLA expression that led to BTLA receptor internalization with the potential utility of shutting down BTLA expression at any stage during the course of the immune response in both B6 and BALB/c strains of mice. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '7ca148e944d68f70519dae70d4a1e19f2f975bed1a3ac91f5b94edf93224f1a6'} |
Brad Hounkpati
How Ladybugs can improve food security
Global Programs Graduate International Travel Award recipient Brad K. Hounkpati, who is earning his PhD in entomology, visited and worked in five different countries on two continents over the course of 30 days as part of his research on West African Coccinellidae—commonly known as ladybugs or ladybird beetles—and their potential for bio-control programs in Africa.
During that time, Hounkpati collected 128 West African Coccinellidae—commonly known as ladybugs or ladybird bettles—in Benin, Ghana, and Togo. In Belgium, Germany and Senegal, Hounkpati photographed ladybug specimens, which will allow him to make definitive identifications of the insects he and others have collected. While in Senegal, he was given a curated collection to bring back to Georgia and use as a part of his identification efforts.
“My knowledge about the taxonomy and biology of WAC has increased dramatically as a result of my research in the field and in natural history museums,” Hounkpati said. “I also established a strong network of collaborators in West Africa.”
Hounkpati’s research is part of a collaborative program that includes scientists in seven West African countries—Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, and Togo—with the goal of producing major taxonomic works on WAC. Additionally, the researchers hope that by broadening the knowledge of ladybugs in West Africa, the insects might be used as pest control agents and could contribute to food security. In addition, Hounkpati said he hopes the work will increase the awareness of smallholder farmers about the potential consequences of misuse and safety aspects of synthetic pesticides.
While working in Ghana, Hounkpati was visited by his father, who expressed pride in his son’s accomplishments and thanks for the support Hounkpati has received.
“Everywhere I go, people know more about your work and commitment to give back to our communities,” Hounkpati’s father told him. “I’m so proud of you. But please do not forget to tell all the people who are contributing to make this happen that I say, thank you.”
Brad Hounkpati
Brad K. Hounkpati
Program: Borlaug LEAP
Host Countries: Belgium, Benin, Germany, Ghana, Senegal and Togo
Discipline: Entomology
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Télécharger Central Intelligence
Central Intelligence is a 2016 American action comedy film directed by Rawson Marshall Thurber and written by Thurber, Ike Barinholtz and David Stassen. The film stars Dwayne Johnson and Kevin Hart as two old high school friends who team up to save the world after one of them joins the CIA.
Central Intelligence premiered in Los Angeles on June 10, 2016 and was theatrically released in the United States on June 17, 2016. The film received mixed reviews from critics and has grossed over $58 million worldwide.
In 1996, Calvin Joyner is being recognized for an award at the last high school pep rally. Meanwhile, Robbie Weirdicht, an overweight kid with no friends, gets carried out of the boys’ locker room while showering by school bullies and is then thrown into the gym during the pep rally just as Calvin is receiving his award and is laughed upon his nude entrance. Calvin immediately takes off his jacket and gives it to Robbie (covering up his birthday suit) who thanks Calvin and leaves the school.
Twenty years later, Calvin has married his high school sweetheart, Maggie, and becomes an accountant. He is highly unsatisfied with his life as he is passed over for a promotion that was given to his former assistant. Maggie, however, is a partner at her law firm and is quite happy. She suggests they see a therapist to work on their marriage issues. Calvin does not want to go to their 20 year high school reunion taking place the next day. At the same time, Calvin receives a Facebook friend request from Bob Stone (actually Robbie, who has changed his name). They meet up for some beers at a local pub. While at the pub, the pair gets into an argument with bullies who try to take Bob’s chair. Bob takes out the bullies and then leaves with Calvin. Bob suggests the pair go back to their old high school and have Calvin reminisce about his glory days. Instead, Calvin is disappointed that he peaked in high school, and that his life has been declining since.
As Bob drops Calvin off at his house, he asks Calvin to look at some accounting records, saying he is having payroll issues. Bob’s “accounting records” are actually satellite codes. Bob ends up spending the night on Calvin’s couch. The next morning, the CIA, led by Pam, comes to Calvin’s house in searching of Bob. Calvin leads them to the living room where there is no evidence of Bob’s presence. Pam informs Calvin that Bob is a dangerous rogue agent that killed his former partner, Phil, to obtain all U.S. satellite codes with the intention of selling them to the highest bidder.
As the CIA agents follow Calvin to his office, Bob successfully abducts Calvin, while explaining that he is trying to stop the “Black Badger” from selling the satellite codes, but needs Calvin’s skills as a forensic accountant to figure out the exact location where the deal will happen. The pair is then attacked by Larry (a former CIA agent turned bounty hunter). During the attack, Calvin runs away but is intercepted by Pam. Pam informs Calvin that Bob is delusional and the “Black Badger” doesn’t exist. She gives Calvin a device that will alert the CIA to his whereabouts when he is reunited with Bob. Calvin then goes to marriage counseling where Bob is posing as the marriage counselor (the real counselor he has tied up, gagged and stashed in the office closet). Bob convinces Calvin to help him and Calvin sets up a meeting with Trevor (one of Bob’s bullies) so they can obtain the account number that reveals the location of the deal. Trevor helps them, but not before bullying Bob again by pretending to apologize for the past and then calling him fat. Calvin encourages Bob to punch out Trevor just like he did to the bullies at the bar, but Bob freezes up. As they are leaving Trevor’s office, Pam calls Calvin and threatens to arrest Maggie if he doesn’t turn Bob in. Calvin betrays Bob and Bob is arrested.
As Bob is being tortured by Pam, as she believes that he has the satellite codes, Calvin decides to help Bob. He successfully breaks him out and the two get away. Calvin figures out the location of the deal is in Boston and Bob steals a golden plane. As the pair arrive in a park at Boston, Calvin deduces that the deal must be going down in an underground parking garage, as it wouldn’t be out in the open. Bob tells Calvin to stay in the park and enters the garage alone. However, Pam shows up, and Calvin mistakenly believes her to be the Black Badger and runs into the garage where Bob is posing as the Black Badger while meeting the buyer. Bob shoots Calvin, grazing his neck and knocking him backwards out of the room (which puts him out of the action, therefore saving his life). Bob’s former partner Phil reveals himself to still be alive and claims to be the real Black Badger. While both Bob and Phil try to convince the buyer that they are the real Black Badger, each with a USB containing the satellite codes, the CIA arrives and a shootout commences. Calvin steals both sets of satellite codes and runs upstairs back into the park where he is intercepted by both Bob and Phil. As Bob and Phil engage in hand to hand combat, Calvin, not knowing who to trust, closes his eyes and fires a shot that hits Bob in the butt. After Phil knocks Bob out, Phil reveals that Phil is the Black Badger and is about to shoot Calvin. Bob tackles Phil and kills him by ripping his throat out. Bob believes that Calvin shot him as part of a plan to trick Phil into confessing. Calvin goes along with it.
The pair arrive at the high school reunion in a CIA helicopter where Maggie spots them. She questions Calvin about his weird behavior and why he is with the marriage counselor. Bob properly introduces himself and explains the truth. As the three enter the gym where the reunion is held, Bob is having second thoughts since he didn’t have any other friends in high school. Calvin convinces him to stay where he is announced as the Homecoming King. Calvin reveals to Maggie that he hacked the voting systems and made Bob the king. As Bob is walking to the stage to accept his position, Trevor steps in his way and attempts to start bullying him again. Bob knocks Trevor unconscious with one punch and goes on stage where he re-lives his most embarrassing moment by taking off all his clothes. This time, however, he is full of confidence. As he walks off stage, he spots his high school crush, Darla, and the two share a kiss.
In the closing scene, it is shown that Calvin has joined the CIA and as a gift for his first day on the job, Bob gives him back the Golden Jet jacket that Calvin gave him back in high school.
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Re: Settling in is a Challenge
[AW; Ames de la Mort]
POSTED: Mon Jan 29, 2018 5:30 pm
Blaze froze when Faith pointed out two rabbits. She crouched down beside her and scanned the area around them. She nodded as the female suggested a plan.
”Good idea. Here, I'll hide over by those brambles,” Blaze whispered, pointing at a tangle of brambles. ”I'll bark when I get there, hopefully distracting the rabbits a little a bit.” She didn't wait for a reply from Faith before beginning to sneak to the brambles. The thought of food made her too impatient.
Blaze stepped lightly, crunching the snow as little as possible. She peeked over the brambles, hoping to see Faith moving. Blaze waited a few seconds for Faith to settle before giving a short bark. The rabbits shot up and turned their attention to her, unknowing of the lurking danger behind them.
User avatar
POSTED: Tue Feb 20, 2018 6:13 pm
Yet now I'm standing here, my heart so full, I can't explain
Seeking faith and speaking words I never thought I'd say.
The idea of separating the rabbits was good in theory, but it would be a bit harder to execute. While it would be easy to just give chase, there was no telling where the other one might do. Head lifted up slightly as the tan woman made the offer to go hide in the brambles, making a noise to distract the rabbits. Before Faith could even get a word out, the other woman was already on her way. A soft sigh passed through her lips. She hoped, that for the both of them, this plan would work.
Taking to hiding among the snow covered foliage, blue green gaze focused on the closest rabbit to her. As the bark came out, she watched the ears of the prey move up, turning in the direction of the sound. They began to move, prey always being too easily spooked for their own good. As the closest one began to move, teeth bared as the darker coyote leapt out of her hiding place. She began to give chase, kicking up the snow along with her. Not daring to take her eyes off her target, she could only hope the other woman was in pursuit of her own catch no matter which direction it had gone.
The animal was fast, and the Civilis had done her best to match that speed. With the land being so unfamiliar, the rabbit was sure to know more ways to get itself away from her powerful jaws. If she didn't take a chance soon, she was going to lose it. As the pair came to a clearing, her feet pushed her forward, leaping onto the small animal as her jaws make quick work around its neck. Paws pushed its body down onto the ground, keeping it there until all the life was sucked out of it.
+300 words.
Faith de le Poer
User avatar
Luperci Chaos Star
POSTED: Tue Mar 06, 2018 10:00 pm
Blaze new she should've been patient with Faith, as the dark furred luperci seemed unsure of hunting and possibly would've wanted a more solid plan. Yet, the coywolf's confidence was steadily growing and she believed she'd have few problems with the hunt. All she needed was to keep the rabbit in her sight.
Blaze watched with excited eyes as Faith leapt from hiding and chased one of the rabbits away, causing the other one to charge directly at her. The coywolf leaped from her own hiding spot and the rabbit clumsily turned and ran northward. She chased the rabbit through the snowy forest with bold determination.
The rabbit tried its best to shake Blaze off of its tail by leading her over roots, rocks, and rough terrain. She made sure to avoid tripping as her prey ran on. Slowly, she closed the distance between her and the rabbit and chose to act. She lunged at the rabbit and bit into its hindquarters. It gave out a cry and wriggled in her grasp. She quickly let go and snapped her jaws around its neck, killing it. The infernian woman lifted her prey off of the ground and turned back to follow her trail, hoping to find Faith,
User avatar
Dead Topics | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.981384575366974}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '34135', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YCPRNLT4DNORLRD552524TTV53DWQOIZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2a139250-03b3-465c-8d28-a65dc748cf33>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 19, 14, 51, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.236.246.92', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7ORIRAZTXU7EALUFMDEKE4B44FE64TUA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b382b085-ce0b-4a37-b027-dc42049fe8bd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://soulsrpg.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=36093&start=10', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d286b44b-b2d7-427d-b069-afd7bf79b172>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '720', 'url': 'https://soulsrpg.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=36093&start=10', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-63-100-22.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05274301767349243', 'original_id': '637c1467e97b49a83a4e03f98f84014b4c2db9a56a835724eef10f3ba19d3b7e'} |
Friday, June 18, 2010
Yankees Use Lead Bats, Don't Win
The Good
Pettitte put up a strong pitching effort last night, though it wasn't enough to overcome the weak offense. He went 7 innings, allowing 3 runs (2 earned) and struck out 7. Cano had another two hit game!
The Bad
The Yankees combined for 4 hits last night, and drove in a lone run. It was a depressing game that wasn't worth missing game 7 of the NBA finals for. I, on the other hand, missed both to watch The One with Jet Li. Its a movie where Jet Li's character Jude Law or something like that travels between multi-verses killing clones, or something, and then he has to fight himself in an epic battle that ends with Jason Statham falling in love with him. Or maybe not. I wasn't really paying attention to the story, but the fights were cool.
The Ugly
As a practical joke, the Philadelphia Phillies had snuck into the Yankees clubhouse and replaced all their wooden bats with lead ones. The result was yesterdays awful offensive performance. "My bat was so heavy." Lamented Mark Teixeira. "And now I'm hallucinating. I really wish I didn't use my bat to stir my drinks."
But did the Phillies forget to replace Cano's bat?
"I've always used lead bats." Explained Cano.
Respect Jeters Gangster is for the Children
The Yankees did not hit any homeruns last night, because they hate children. You on the other hand don't need to follow their lead. Donate to the Children's Health Fund AND tell them that you were referred by the RJG blog, and get yourself automatically entered into a raffle for tickets to the August 7th game between the Red Sox and Yankees.
The RJG blog will be donating $2 to the Children's Health Fund for every homerun hit by the Yankees this season. Here is what they've done so far:
Posada 9hr = $18
Granderson 5hr = $10
Cano 14hr = $28
Swisher 11hr = $22
Jeter 8hr = $16
Johnson 2hr = $4
Rodriguez 8hr = $16
Teixeira 10hr = $20
Thames 2hr = $4
Gardner 3hr = $6
Winn 1hr = $2
Miranda 2hr = $4
Total = $150
Rich Mahogany said...
Melky looks to have gone to the lead bat as well this year, perhaps to emulate his friend Cano.
lady gaganonymous said...
It's obvious we caught whatever the Phillies had while they were in town. OHHH NOOOO!!!!!!! PANIC!!!!
Seriously, last night's game brought out more ridiculous panicking on Twitter, NYYFans, random RAB comments, etc., about uh, everything, that I think I've ever seen before. It was kind of ridiculous. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9756985306739808}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '99013', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JXSOW2TKKKMQ27RMG67TDQ42TGAF7EMU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7b14f26b-cbee-4acd-b252-34e0e0f0eff9>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 6, 30, 21, 20, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.194.68.132', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HVGDX5CAKUP2FUFGYEWQQWCOCOUJ5MS2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:020ab137-0114-4237-ac7c-24a49ed1a9c4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://respectjetersgangster.blogspot.com/2010/06/yankees-use-lead-bats-dont-win.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f7630235-ac84-4f08-a92d-7e65adf1b4a3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '415', 'url': 'http://respectjetersgangster.blogspot.com/2010/06/yankees-use-lead-bats-dont-win.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-26\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07119148969650269', 'original_id': '6bc8eba592daf87c7b677c10f508acd4daf2feb3ba216c27a9e6089c934cc6d3'} |
Blockbuster – Monopoly to Bankruptcy
One of the most fascinating demises of a company in my lifetime was that of Blockbuster. I remember as a child going to my local Blockbuster just a few minutes from my house and renting Indiana Jones for the hundredth time. I would still pace up and down the aisles pretending I might get something else. Unless I were to buy a physical copy of the film for my house, I would have to pick it up on our weekly trips to Blockbuster. Now with just a few clicks, I can access Indiana Jones and a large variety of other films right on my laptop.
The shift in demand from physical media to digital media was a rapid change. Now that Blockbuster is all but extinct, it’s easy to forget it completely dominated the industry in the 1990’s. The rise and fall of this company has a history spanning only two decades. Founder David Cook’s business model involved a video store where all titles were out for the customers to view, and that they remained family friendly spaces, refraining from the sale of adult films. This was a major success, becoming “the world’s largest video retailer with 3,600 video stores in forty states and nine countries, 500 music stores, concert venues, and over $2 billion in annual sales” (Holt 152). Blockbuster was so completely dominate in the video retail industry that it essentially held a monopoly on an increasingly profitable industry.
Blockbuster was founded in 1985.
The late eighties and early nineties saw an uptake in the amount of physical media purchased. In fact, “the video store business was three times what the theater business was in North America” (Holt 152). Studios and production companies sought to find the most efficient way to distribute their content on home video because it was the future of consuming entertainment. A media company Viacom bought Blockbuster for $8.4 billion in 1994. The company was in the best shape it had ever been and stood as America’s primary source for home video entertainment.
At the turn of the century, Blockbuster was given the chance to buy a new video rental company called Netflix for just $50 million. They declined, seeing no financial gain from acquiring such a relatively unknown service. Ironically enough, Netflix was instrumental in Blockbuster’s demise. Netflix started as a mailing service where the customer received DVD’s in the mail and could only receive their next disc after returning their current rental. Blockbuster was slow to keep up. It took them years to fully embrace the switch from VHS to DVD, and by then there was even more to worry about. Small video kiosks such as Redbox and Coinstar were popping up in local shopping centers. Again, Blockbuster was late to the party.
Blockbuster Express arrived late to the scene, establishing nearly 10,000 kiosks in the US by 2011.
Eventually, Netflix blossomed into a digital streaming service where hundreds of movies and TV shows were available to stream on your personal device through a monthly payment. The future of media was online, with streaming emerging as a much more convenient method of renting a film. There were too many factors going against Blockbuster, highlighted here in a funny Stephen Colbert skit (skip to 2:28). Physically driving to the store became a hassle, stores didn’t always have the title you wanted in stock, and a number of other reasons made the switch to Netflix enticing for millions of Blockbuster customers.
At the height of its power, Blockbuster was the most convenient option for renting films. The company’s failure to successfully adapt to a changing landscape where the future was digital ended up being their demise. At the end of the day, this boils down to convenience. People will always choose the more convenient option for them, and this was the key to Netflix’s success. The reading states that the backbone of media industries is “the public interest, convenience or necessity” (Holt 54). Meeting consumer demand as it evolves over time is the key to maintaining a successful business. There was once a time where Blockbuster was a cash cow. Today, only one Blockbuster exists as a nostalgic reminder of the days before the death of brick and mortar video stores.
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Buttigieg Likens Bernie Bros to Trump Supporters
South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg seemingly took shots at Sen. Bernie Sanders (I., Vt.) during a speaking event in New Hampshire this weekend, saying his supporters back him for similar reasons people voted for Donald Trump in 2016.
Buttigieg's remarks came during a question about Buttigieg's 2000 prize-winning "Profiles in Courage" essay, in which the then-high schooler praised Sanders for his bipartisan efforts in Congress. But now, Buttigieg says Sanders inspires in his supporters the same bitterness about economic stagnation which Buttigieg believes motivated the same voters to propel Trump to the presidency.
"I think the sense of anger and disaffection that comes from seeing that the numbers are fine, like, unemployment is low, like you said, GDP is growing," Buttigieg told his crowd over the weekend, "and yet a lot of neighborhoods and families are living like this recovery never even happened. They are stuck."
Buttigieg added that he believes both Sanders and Trump represent the radical ends of the left-wing and the right-wing factions of American politics.
"It just kind of turns you against the system in general, and then you’re more likely to want to vote to blow up the system," he said. "Which could lead you to somebody like Bernie, and it could lead you to somebody like Trump. That's how we got where we are."
Buttigieg's criticism of Sanders generated media attention, with CNN’s Inside Politics host John King playing it Sunday and saying "this race, so far, has been relatively polite," before observing that Buttigieg was "kind of taking a shot at Bernie Sanders."
Despite his criticism of Sanders's tone, Buttigieg likened himself to the Democratic front runner, also saying that his own platform is only "slightly different" from that of Sanders, but also adding, "I'm obviously a very different messenger."
Sanders has been consistently first among declared candidates in polls of the 2020 Democratic field, although he has also consistently trailed former Vice President Joe Biden, who is expected to announce his candidacy soon.
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• Boost your current and future profits | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '24', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9692675471305848}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '97465', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:E7VEY7MMOYT7UQBURELM54BTX2QBJW37', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bcaa3e09-a420-43bf-b595-9556f153633e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 25, 8, 49, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '107.6.129.242', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZPGHM63AUSLYVGCIAZ7EFSUZC5S7INH6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:89ec3549-b935-4e23-848e-37bd0edcc9de>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://freebeacon.com/politics/buttigieg-likens-bernie-bros-to-trump-supporters/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:6ac6a5b5-cdc5-4d62-a8b7-390d65808819>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '411', 'url': 'https://freebeacon.com/politics/buttigieg-likens-bernie-bros-to-trump-supporters/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-186-87-179.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02527618408203125', 'original_id': '0a915d8ca140cea9b3a1821549f0cd70929887de124efa35e689f13045093e16'} |
Predicting Hospital Capacity: Why to Act Early, How to Think About Lag Time, and a Model You Can Use
NOTE FROM TIM: The following was written by a close friend who has decades of experience in healthcare systems and advanced training in computer science and healthcare data science. He preferred to publish anonymously to avoid political headaches, so I’ll call him “Felix.”
We are publishing this quickly for reasons that will soon be obvious, so please excuse any typos. This is a work in progress, and we encourage leaving comments if you have any suggestions for improvement.
There are already some excellent comments at the end of the post with additional recommendations.
Enter Felix
During this coronavirus crisis, the paramount objective has become avoiding hospital overflow, which would make the mortality rate skyrocket. We’re trying to accomplish this with voluntary social distancing, but it’s evident that that’s not going to be enough. So how early should governments start introducing mandatory quarantines? The answer is much, much earlier than you might think.
In the following example, we can show mathematically that a city that institutes a city-wide quarantine when its hospitals are anywhere from 4% to 20% full can still easily exceed its total hospital capacity. The assumptions underlying this model are at the high end of current estimates in order to make a point, but they are well within the realm of possibility.
There are two important concepts here that humans are not wired to understand, and it takes some time to wrap your head around them. Exponential growth, when combined with lag time, can create some wildly counterintuitive effects. Say you have a city (let’s call it Springfield) where new COVID infections per day are growing. The numbers are doubling every 5 days:
10–20% of infected people will need to be hospitalized. From the day a person gets infected, it takes an average of 10 days for them to seek hospital care. So if we had 1000 new cases of coronavirus on Day 1, using the high end of the estimate, we can expect 200 cases to arrive at the hospital on Day 11. We can chart the new daily hospital cases for our beloved city of Springfield.
Let’s also say that the average hospital stay is 12 days. So coronavirus cases start to accumulate in the hospital:
Now, let’s say there are 5000 total hospital beds in all of Springfield. The mayor is watching dutifully, but his team, overwhelmed with other duties, aren’t carefully considering exponential growth in combination with lag time. He sees that about 80% (4000) of his beds are occupied on Day 20, and realizes the city needs to do a full quarantine. He orders it promptly on Day 20, so that he can avoid his hospitals overflowing. New infections reliably start to fall on Day 21 and continue to fall forevermore:
What happens to new daily hospital cases? Remember there’s a 10-day lag. So on Day 21 you’ll get 20% of Day 11’s new infections:
Hospital cases continue to increase after Day 20 even though we instituted a quarantine! On Day 20 we were only getting Day 10’s victims into the hospital. The people infected on Day 20 won’t show up at the hospital until Day 30. Will we overflow our hospitals? How many total beds will we need? Remember: the patients will accumulate since it takes 12 days to be discharged. Let’s extend our Total Beds Occupied graph:
Total hospital beds needed doesn’t peak until Day 35, even though we quarantined on Day 20. It peaks at around 22,000—more than 4 times as many beds as there are in Springfield. Given the numerical assumptions above, if you quarantine when your hospitals are 80% full, you can expect to exceed your total number of hospital beds by more than 300%. You can see this playing out in Italy right now. They’ve quarantined, but the hospital cases will still rise for many days after the quarantine is instituted.
So how early should we start the quarantine in order to avoid our hospitals overflowing? Let’s see what the max hospital bed need is for different points of quarantine:
If you quarantine at 50% full on Day 17, you’ll still have a peak hospital need of 16,812 beds. (Remember: there are only 5000 total hospital beds in all of Springfield)
If you quarantine at 25% full on Day 14, you’ll still have a peak hospital need of 11,092 beds.
If you quarantine at 4% full on Day 10, you’ll still have a peak hospital need of 6,370 beds.
In this example, if you want to avoid hospital overflow, you have to start quarantining when your hospitals are 3% full. Of course, this extreme example starts at 1,000 cases on Day 1 with only 5000 total beds. The effects of exponential growth are less extreme if you start with a smaller number of initial cases. Nevertheless, it’s valuable to have this example drive the point home that in order to prevent hospital overflow, you have to quarantine surprisingly early.
There are some fundamental assumptions I’ve made up here that you may disagree with, such as the initial case count, growth rate, the hospitalization rate, etc. If you’d like a rough estimate of when would be the appropriate time to quarantine for your particular geographic region, you can modify all the numerical assumptions and run different scenarios by copying the template here:
[Note from Tim: This spreadsheet is read-only. Click on File –> Make a Copy to duplicate it for your own scenarios.]
The author is a data scientist but not an epidemiologist. Any feedback from epidemiology experts about underlying factors is encouraged in the comments.
The underlying assumptions have been pulled from papers about COVID-19 published in recent months. They are at the high end of estimated ranges but not outside of what experts believe to be the possible ranges.
There are far more sophisticated ways to model epidemics, such as SIR and stochastic input modeling. The point of this article is to spread understanding so we chose to use the simplest possible model that still shows the dangers of exponential growth.
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145 Replies to “Predicting Hospital Capacity: Why to Act Early, How to Think About Lag Time, and a Model You Can Use”
1. Brilliant. Thanks for bringing up such important points which most governments clearly seem to be either forgetting or just outright ignoring: Exponential growth & lag time.
Good luck everybody.
2. Thank you for doing this. Now we need to model out ventilators, respirators, and other essential hospital equipment.
1. Yes ventilators! Im Portuguese…In Portugal there are 1200 ( (numbers given by the prime minister) …scary … Italy is denning ventilators to people with more than 60 years! Because they just don’t have them !
2. I think it’s extremely important the public understand that respirators and non-invasive ventilation therapies are NOT treatment protocol right now in the majority of hospitals without enough protective equipment/negative pressure rooms for people who are still viral as these therapies spread droplets. It’s not just number of beds… it’s capacity to treat which means appropriate rooms and protective equipment otherwise the therapies can’t be delivered.
1. I also read that when a patient requires a ventilator and gets one, outcomes are not very good. IOW 97% of ventilated patients are dying.
3. Check out the blog called Raconteur — long-time ER nurse/ex military — his posts are reports from the front-lines, by the equivalent to a old-time/long-time Sarge-Major or Master-Chief… He goes into some depth on what hospital care may or will not be available. Read esp:
[Raconteur (goes by “Aesop”):] …
Some people have expressed the hope/belief/fond wish/delusional fairytale expectation that, like many outbreaks, this one will wane once Spring is sprung, and the sun comes out. Look at the John Hopkins map in Peter’s post header, and mentally pencil in the equator in that picture.
To wit: Australia (Oz, affectionately) is in late summer. It isn’t helping their outbreak a bit. Singapore is equatorial. It hasn’t mattered there either.
YMMV, but were I you, I would abandon all hope of weather saving you, and rejoice if it does, which seems entirely unlikely.
[Elsewhere:] …
Economies all around the world are going to be hit hard. We’ve discussed that in these pages several times, most recently on Monday. [] Do please read the discussion on container shipping in that article – it’s one of the keystones of why economies are going to suffer. China used to handle over 700,000 TEU shipping containers per day. That hasn’t happened for over a month now. Do the math – that means over 21,000,000 (yes, twenty-one million) TEU containers that should have been emptied, or filled, or moved, but haven’t been. That’s an economic disaster in the making in anyone’s language – and it’s still like that. China claims it’s clearing the backlog of containers in its domestic facilities [], but no-one knows for sure whether that’s true or not; information out of that country is rigidly controlled and censored, so facts are suspect until verified.
1) The fact that they’re doing point-of-care one-time testing, on a disease that incubates for 2-14 days, and perhaps as many as 24 or 28, guarantees the spread of asymptomatic virus carriers into the country, to propagate it hither and yon widespread in a few days, to a couple of weeks. This is the bio-defense version of putting the entire defensive team on the line of scrimmage, and then looking shocked and dismayed when the other team passes over their heads for 3000 yards, and beats you 210-0. Your tax dollars at work.
3. Sorry but, the figure that 10-20% of infected people need to be admitted to hospital is crazy. Only a very small percentage of the people who test positive actually develop a serious enough case that they need to be admitted. And even then it is people in there 80’s who make up the actual death rate.
1. Hi John, you can put in your own hospitalization rate in the sheet I shared. Funnily enough, you’ll see that the hospitalization rate doesn’t change the math of hospital beds. It just changes the number of people out there who are not going to the hospital. Thanks for reading!
1. Felix – John’s comment is a fair one – and your reply is fair given that hospital beds are indeed finite. But that said – you haven’t addressed his core issue – which is the assumption YOU’VE made about hospitalization rates overall, and from which you’re drawing conclusions. John’s point is that you’re assuming far too high a hospitalization rate.
2. Sorry John D, but in risk management we were taught to get the worst case scenario first and plan according to it. What do you suggest as “very small percentage”?
I see 10% of people hospitalized a very possible one given the old populations living in Europe.
3. @Pokaaaahh – populations may be older in mother Europe, but they’re not THAT much older. By what about do you suggest changing the Hospitalization Rate, and would it make a material difference? I suspect fiddling with hospitalization rates in EUR vs USA is to miss the point, to miss the big picture, and an utter waste of time. But go ahead if your time and priorities allow. Just make sure your hospitalization estimates are soundly based on real population distributions.
4. It’s my understanding that the virus is mutating and that there is an uptick in young adults (20s and 30s) requiring hospitalization as well.
2. The last data I saw said 1.3% death rate for men in their 50s. Would you go on an airplane if you knew it had a 1.3% chance of going down? It’s around 0.3% for people in their 20s and 30s… but again, would you go on an airplane if you knew that 3 times out of 1000 it was going down in a fireball? Being dismissive about the deaths of octogenarians is not the game we want to win in any case.
1. Alex – a 1.3pct death rate is ABSURD – whatever the age bracket. Please stop signal-amplifying nonsense.
2. Alex –
With all due respect, what you have posited is an example of the fallacy of false dilemma. You have proposed that the only choices are (A) get on the plane and have a 0.3% chance of dying IN A PLANE CRASH, or (B) not getting on that plane and having an assumed zero chance of dying (during the same time period).
What your argument ignores is the fact that people get on planes for reasons and that planes are only one option for travel. If someone must travel to a distant point, he can fly or drive (he could also walk or hitchhike, etc., but we’ll just leave it at fly versus drive). You are far safer flying than driving and if not traveling is not a viable option – you would lose your job and your family would starve – the safer option may be to fly.
You have also made another serious error. You have assumed that contracting or not contracting COVID19 is a binary choice like chasing to fly or not fly. Because there is no upside, most people (Ferriss may be the exception) would chose not to get infected with COVID19 no matter what the mortality rate. We can make choices that might (according to our best knowledge) reduce our chance of getting infected or at least postpone getting infected. As Felix will acknowledge, if we don’t get infected, we don’t have to worry about dying from COVID19 and if enough people postpone getting sick, the curve he has drawn is flattened, i.e. the peak of sick patients occurs later and isn’t so high giving the system time to respond and handle the load of sick patients.
1. John is referring to people in their eighties making up the actual death rate. The people you listed are alive AFAIK.
3. Tim is right. The statistics worldwide are showing that around 20% of cases require hospitalization, with about 5% requiring ICU (in the first case it is usually oxygen and in the second ventilation).
1. Thanks for the tip Bartosz, this is fixed. Fortunately it doesn’t affect the analysis in the article, the conclusions are still the same.
4. In OZ Our public hospitals are at more like 120% capacity with ambulances unable to get their patients into ER beds for hours, before this started. But people are trying to stay home. Much less traffic on the roads and heaps parking available where there normally is none.
1. This is interesting – we haven’t yet factored how many beds are already allocated to other patients (some potentially serious and allocated for a matter of weeks) and new cases from other illness/accidents.
Also factoring in all of the non hospitalized but still ill people, many of whom will be bed ridden at home, needing care. If you’ve ever had a bad flu without needing to go to hospital it’s still pretty bad. Who takes care of them?
2. Capacity (at least in the USA) is a nebulous term. It means the number of beds the hospital is licensed to use. In many cases, a hospital can ramp up its physical plant if needed, and while it takes time to train skilled personnel, there are many recently retired or idle health care workers who can be recruited if the reward is right.
1. I read that in the early fight over in Wuhan, the government ordered 42,000 health workers to the city from other provinces to join in the fight.
In the USA, we do not have that capacity nor the government leadership to make that happen. From what I have ascertained, China flattened the curve utilizing draconian measures of lockdown, surveillance, testing, and massive centralized manpower.
I don’t see that happening here unfortunately and I don’t see the American public heeding the advice of officials due to the laissez faire attitude of Mr. Trump.
2. And there’s your “to fly or not fly” choice. If you’re a retired health care worker, and thus likely either old or caring for your young children furloughed from the school-prison, what reward would be sufficient to put yourself, and your family at risk? Pretty dreadful knife’s-edge calculation — on insufficient data.
5. Thanks Tim this is an easy and well thought out way to show people the importance of early prevention. Lock down is the only thing we have now to slow this. I have been following the virus since Jan and became alarmed early Feb when I saw things were right on track for a Black Swan event. Keep up the good work.
1. It’s not a Black Swan event, not even close. Pandemics are regulary predicted hence the existence of programs [before Trump] to predict them.
6. Brilliant analysis by “Felix”! Could incorporate onte Carlo analysis around the assumptions (infection rate, 10-day lag, etc) could be done — keeping in mind (modeling to take into account) that the spread of the disease will inform the public about the risks and CHANGE people’s behaviors (self-quarantining, better self-care, etc — and changes not always for the better) that will affect the parameters in non-linear ways.
would be SUPER-GREAT if soi-disant Felix incorporated another parameter of ACTUAL coronavirus needs-hospitalization vs. not-need hospitalization (people go to hospitals THINKING they have coronavirus, say, or even that could SELF-MEDICATE AT HOME just as, if not more, effectively as the care they’d get at hospitals (with all the OTHER risks they face at hospitals — BY THE WAY, SURVIVAL RATES probably go WAY DOWN as the capacity utilization increases, yet another dependent variable),
Introduce another parameter of NON-coronavirus cases seeking help at hospitals who will be DISPLACED by coronavirus patients — some significant % of which could be dismissed to go home — and what happens to THEM and their survival rates.
So to summarize the additional variables to be modeled:
1. Lag time as a function of reported cases (not simply 10-days)
2. % infection in a community changing behaviors that influence other variables (contagion rate, etc)
3. Coronavirus hospitalization-seekers who (A) need hospitalization or (B) don’t need hospitalization
4. Non-coronavirus hospitalization-seekers who (A) need hospitalization or (B) don’t need hospitalization, and the number of hospital beds taken up by coronavirus hospitilization-seekers.
5. MORTALITY rates (with probability distributions) for 3A and 3B and 4A and 4B,
Assigning probability distributions around ALL of the variables (some of which are not indepenent), and then running Monte Carlo analyses to determine the distribution of potential deaths.
Outstanding modeling “Felix”!
1. Thanks for the very thoughtful and helpful comment, Adam! Good to see you here again 🙂 And thanks to everyone for their comments. We are reading them all.
2. Are there any additional behaviors or strategies that could reverse the growth rate to a similar degree as social distancing or quarantine that aren’t being discussed or haven’t been considered?
Everyone is very focused on distancing strategies obviously due to their effectiveness however are there any other potentials?
1. I wonder about supplementing hydroxichloroquine or chloroquine as Elon musk mentioned. Or other immunity improving supplements (“athletic greens” as Tim would mention)
2. Yes ! There are other options. Much like a persons metabolism can vary wildly due to behaviors so can ones own immunity. I’ve not been sick in years even though I teach in public schools. Lotsa Sunshine and 2,000 mg Vitamin C is the secret. My family (wife and 2 kids) rarely get sick also. All depends how much sun they get as I get best results due to working outdoors ( I’m a garden teacher). Sunshine contains vitamins A&D and turns the food we do eat into fuel our body can use
7. Thanks for providing relevant information and insights on this fast changing situation. It does not make anyone feel better to be right about the virus but it can save lives and get us back to “normal” sooner. Herd immunity will be the goal and its a brutal path to achieve the desired 60 – 70% will take many months and unfortunate losses of life. Support your medical health professionals, doctors, etc. and help everyone by taking steps to slow the virus – keeping life saving resources available to more people.
8. Yes but:
>Springfield’s hospitals are probably already running at 80 to 90 % on a normal basis. The 5000 beds are the beds the town needs for day to day emergencies that do not stop because of the virus. In other words, 5.000 beds doesn’t mean 5.000 free beds to begin with.
>The infection rate greately increases when quarentine is announced and everybody runs to the stores at the same time. People who were not infected do get infected on day -1 of the quarentine, because they go to the store along wth the infected.
9. A big problem hospitals are finding here in Spain is shortage of nurses. Many nurses get infected and have to go through long periods of home isolation as soon as they test positive. Which really complicates things, because you have less and less people to run the hospital and more and more patients.
(In our case this happened because of extreme ineptitude in all levels of decisionmakers who failed to provide basic equipment to nurses and doctors who are in highly contagious environments. It’s really a no brainer that keeping nurses and doctors healhy should be a number one priority in a situation like this, but some people just don’t get it).
1. Exactly. The reason why people in the street should NOT be wearing masks, and hand the ones they have to the nurses and doctors. In the Netherlands, doctors found a way to reuse the masks by plasma sterilization. Hopefully this will help.
1. Former FDA Head Scott Gottlieb (sp) today emphasizes that while N95 masks should not be worn by anyone other than doctors or ICU personnel masks can help to: 1) Prevent infection of others if you’re infected but asymptomatic (see US LAGGING in testing)
2) Help prevent getting exposed to virus.
Taiwan has also used this approach. Some sort of mask is BETTER than no mask.
2. Exactly! It’s the people stupid! As an ER doctor in the currently locked down Bay Area it is crystal clear to me that few are looking at this crisis in the correct way. Most of the calculations about capacity assume you will be able to staff a bed. Many ICU beds go unfilled in good times because of staffing shortages of nurses. If they have to stay at home with a fever for 14 days you have just increased the weakness of the currently weakest link.
While it is awesome to figure out how to make one ventilator ventilate 8 people it doesn’t help a bit if the extremely valuable resource of a qualified ICU nurse to watch the patient isn’t there. Keeping a ventilator patient alive and not having them die from complications is rocket science and if our rocket scientists are dropping like flies our fellow citizens are screwed. Why the most powerful man in the world work with 3M and other businesses to create adequate protective gear for all providers is beyond me- oh yeah, he has placed people without any experience or competence in positions of authority and they have no idea what they are doing in a crisis, just like Michael Lewis predicted in his last book. Awesome, just awesome.
1. Truth. “Many ICU beds go unfilled in good times due to staffing shortages…” Beds or no beds…the ventilators don’t run themselves! Not to mention the amount of fluids, vasopressors, antibiotics, sedatives, pain medications and paralytics that critically ill patients require. Protect those of us on the front line first so we can protect the masses! Airlines get it: in the event of a cabin pressure change, the oxygen mask will drop down. Place YOUR OWN mask on first so you can help others. We’re being mandated to ration appropriate PPE in the hospital. It’s very scary.
(Also, thank you for showing such respect for my role as an ICU nurse. It’s really, really refreshing and appreciated)
10. Thanks Tim. You are definitely a trusted voice of reason through all this. I sent it to the powers at be in my city. It’s about to turn into mayhem here. There is no way in hell we only have 2 people infected in my city. What is striking to me is that the information as to HOW MANY PEOPLE TOTAL have been tested instead of just positive is not available here. Curated half-information like we are all idiots or something.
Stay safe. Keep posting the realness.
Best regards,
11. Tim – I have spoken with a friend of mine who is an anesthesiologist. He feels pretty confident we have enough ventilators in the US to manage the spike. The problem is they won’t all be in the right place at the right time. It seems like the government or some consortium of really smart people need to create a Ventilators on the Go service to make sure the ventilators get to the right hospitals in the country. Sounds like a job for Mick Ebeling at Not Impossible Labs!
1. Interestingly, in South Africa the plan is to move around the equipment as needed. Similar problems exist with equipment not being in the right place at the right time.
2. Jeff,
Writing this from my bed in Seattle with a case of (presumed)Covid19. Can’t get a test though, and when my breathing became labored, was told not to go to hospital unless it was debilitating.
I contracted it from my friend, a nurse at Evergreen Hospital (the site of the 1st US death). She is Alonso in quarantine until symptoms are gone plus 72 hours.
So down one nurse.
The other nurses I know – all 30 year surgical veterans and supervisors are scrambling to test everyone walking in, cancel elective events, change over OR’s to isolation rooms, and find and monitor even basic supplies- masks- to keep the healers healthy.
The only hospital with a new pre-planned isolation unit is at capacity and they are at 90% ventilator use.
I’m curious why your friend feels we have enough ventilators? What state is he operating in?
I am in bed with breathing issues, am a healthy 50 yo
And have been turned away from even going to get a test. I am not only quarantining but now in bed so I don’t have to find myself in a position of needing a ventilator and having access.
I agree with you, that medical equipment needs must be orchestrated nationwide, but what is the reality? And which hospital will give there previous equipment up today and risk a need tomorrow?
13. Thanks Felix. Clear and easy to understand. One aspect that I’m particularly curious about is if hospital capacity can be dramatically increased. Can empty hotels be converted into hospital rooms? Can we increase the production of ventilators? Can we crowdsource the creation of new ventilators by 3D printing parts at home?
While we are all social distancing at home there may be ways we can help.
1. In Texas, the state government chose to not accept the Medicaid expansion, which would have given medical coverage to 1.6 million Texans. Around 20 rural hospitals have closed because so many patients in their areas cannot pay for care. Most of those hospitals are sitting empty and could be reopened more quickly than retrofitting hotels, apartments or schools.
1. “those hospitals are sitting empty and could be reopened more quickly ”
And staffed by whom? And refitted with equipment from where? Everyone keeps “counting beds”: “let’s just roll out WWII Army cots and let people lie in those.”
AND THEN WHAT?!
2. As an RN who is acutely aware of how stretched resources already are, I am wondering where we will find the staff for all these extra beds people are proposing…?
1. Fot those of us who are a bit mathematically challenged there’s good video at Khan Academy with easy to understand guidance through this marvel of information.
[Moderator: link removed.]
14. Hey Tim, there is an excellent college lecture on the exponential function and our lack of understanding on YouTube by Professor Bartlett. The title is similar to your books in that it shouldn’t be too quickly judged because it contains amazing content. It is titled, The most important video you will ever see full lecture. It is an excellent video and he does an amazing job of providing thought experiments to help people better understand the effects of exponential growth. Hope you and yours are safe and well!
Here is the link to the video if your interested.
15. Hi Tim. We are in the same team. We all want to help. I think there might be an error in the model. The post references doubling cases every 5 days (14.87% growth per day). The model however more than doubles the total cases every day (114.87% growth). Apologies if I misunderstood the post. Happy to discuss with ‘Felix’. Please let him e-mail me. Would also be useful to add the ALOS and some assumed population numbers into the model. Keep safe.
1. Hi Marko, I double checked and don’t see this bug in the shared google sheet. Perhaps you copied it and then changed the growth rate? Please double check. Thanks!
1. Hi Felix. I checked. Can I e-mail you my ‘adjusted’ model and you can consider? There are a few other matters (like hospitals not starting at 0% occupancy, total population, mortality, etc..) that I think you should consider.
2. I haven’t looked into the spreadsheet, but it’s very common when calculating growth percent of g, that a cell reflecting that growth rate would be calculated as the source cell * (100% + g). For example, if cell A1 holds a value in time and B1 is to reflect the growth of 14.87%, the simple formula in cell B2 would be =A1*1.1487.
(Note: 1.1487 is 114.87%)
So, if that’s the kind of calculation used in the spreadsheet, then it is correct for the 14.87% growth rate.
16. These charts are based on exponential growth. However, actual data indicates that growth of the disease (and deaths, in particular) is not exponential.
The work of scholars Anna Ziff and Robert Ziff, respectively of Duke University and the University of Michigan, presented earlier this month states that the growth rate appears to be following a “small world” path as indicated by power law.
‘The course of the disease is showing something other than the exponential growth that is routinely being tossed around. “This is a large number of fatalities,” the Ziffs observe, “but not nearly as large as if the growth were exponential.”‘
Here’s a link to an article talking about their findings:
1. Thank you Tim.
I have been following your insights on this manner since your original 5 bullet friday you dedicated to the potential spread of this event, and sharing the information likening the statistics to Winning the war in Vietnam. I feel like YOU and your TEAM and many followers turned the tide on social distancing with your victory in Austin in regards to SXSW. I can’t thank you enough for your ACTION. You already have improved the lives of many Millions of Americans. You shined the light on the reality of the situation before many could even begin to see it. You turned the tide of blissful ignorance in advance of massive calamity, and your actions and communications were vital for all of us. THANK YOU for the WORK that you do.
2. Very informative article thank you. I’m in full agreement with the quarantine to happen ASAP and across all borders as it’s necessary for containment and to buy time for the diagnostics which will further help starve the covid -19 bug. What I really believe we need implemented at the same time is the plan for grocery – as it is the stores which are over crowded and lines are long with no 6 ft distance in place. If this bug can indeed remain airborne for upto 30minutes in various temps we really need an alternative shopping arrangement. In China they had it all in Apps and devised a brilliant order and drop- off service which precludes face to face drop offs. In Italy it’s a few people in the store at a time and a distance kept amongst those in line and only one household member in line. In addition I spoke w infectious disease drs in Santa Monica and air travel is a big issue. It appears that in flights longer than 5 hours the circulated air becomes stale and if a person sitting in the last seat in the plane sneezes that germ can end up in the lungs of someone in first class ( I had gotten TB in 2009/ and no one knew how – most likely international air travel / travel abroad) and this what my Dr had explained. We are a nation of very bright & resilient people. It’s all about preparation, logistics, team work and calm – w good leadership/ that’s what we need and we shall overcome.
3. Curtis, what evidence do we have on the ground that would support this theory in the US with our lack of testing and record keeping?
1. Hi, MaoZhou. It appears that this study focuses on data from China, so I don’t know if there is evidence (from European outbreaks, for example) that might inform us as to what to expect in the U.S.
4. Very interesting. Wondering how researchers take into account the impact of active efforts to clamp down on spread of the virus, which would upend usual network behavior by individuals and groups. It seems clear that although individuals vary in how connected they are, and of course take their own steps to avoid contact if deaths get high enough to worry them, deliberate efforts at containment earlier on by centralized factions (governments at various levels) must make it difficult to mathematically model what would happen without those efforts for any particular pathogen.
1. I agree, LKM. It seems like it would vary a lot from country to country and from city to city. Rambo makes a good point below about the massive movement of people in London, which may be very different from, say, Wuhan. (But then again, it may not.)
5. Hi Curtis
Interesting idea.
My reading of the Ziff and Ziff paper is that the levelling off (slower than exponential growth) that they identify in total fatalities worldwide is _not_ due to a small world effect. it is mainly due to the effects of the lockdown in Hubei and the rest of China, which has stalled the growth in cases in China and therefore has slowed the growth in the global total.
Also… in large cities such as where I live in London (UK) there seems little or no scope for a ‘small world’ effect. A million people travel into the city centre every day, mostly in crowded transport. Another 1-2 million live in the same household as these 1 million. Another 1 million children go to school with children in that 1-2 million group. Another 1-2 million adults live in households with those children. You get to the whole city of 9m pretty quickly – very few people are more than four or five close (shared household or schooling) hops from several people in the core 1m city centre commuters. and thats without considering leisure travel. So the ‘small world’ effect seems likely to be limited to small and/or remote rural settlements.
I’d also observe that, unfortunately, relying on such a ‘small world’ effect, as a basis for public health strategy, feels a bit risky. Even if the maths and the logic look okay.
1. Your points are well-taken, Rambo. It’s early stage research. Hopefully further investigation of this theory will prove its validity, in which case smarter public health decisions can be made for future epidemics. If we learn that a full lock-down is more extreme than is necessary to control an outbreak, perhaps we can avoid tanking the world economy and still bring the novel virus to it’s spiky little knees.
17. Hey 4-Hour Family
I’m a working Emergency doc in Texas trying to divert “worried well” from the emergency departments and flatten this curve. Sometimes the Emergency Department is just a place where people go when they are scared…that’s normal. However if you are scared about COVID it would be much better if we could have people use these clinics…and then if you do get sick…come see me…I love my job and am glad to meet you.
My contact details includes a website I started to aggregate all the satellite testing clinics
I’d appreciate any good ideas about how to get the satellite clinics to list their information and then spread the word..
J. Marshall MD
1. John, Presbyterian Hospitals have testing ( drive up, I believe) in Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mexico
18. Thank you for this illustration and data based explanation. I live in Los Angeles area (Pasadena). How do I get this Information to someone who can actually DO SOMETHING about this? Send the link to the Governor? The Mayor? Hopsital heads at Huntington memorial hospital? How can we actually execute in this information?
19. Tim, please thank your data scientist friend who took the time to write this. It is very easy to understand, very well written, informative and timely. We are all working from home via Zoom meetings, and everyone seems normal and healthy. As you said, our brains are not setup to understand exponential growth, and even less equipped to understand how that is impacted by he lag time. I found it simple enough to be easily understood, yet sophisticated enough to be meaningful.
20. If the prevailing thought is that the virus cannot be stopped, only slowed, and that 80%+ will experience mild to no symptoms…why wouldn’t we just quarantine the high risk population? It looks like that would be 4-5%. Let the rest of us keep the economy going and provide free services to those in need. Seems to me we are doing this backwards? I’m certain I am missing something but…
1. That’s interesting. I don’t know the data is fully understood, but general understanding is lower aged, healthy population much more likely to have mild symptoms and less likely to require hospitalization. Quarantine only for 60+ and others who are high risk with health issue for 30 or 60 days. Let the younger population get infected, recover, and jump start herd immunity. In model the % hospitalization would be greatly reduced. Once hospital beds / rooms / personnel peak start releasing older population from quarantine incrementally. Much less damaging to economy and probably not infeasible to execute.
1. The UK govt was sort of following this policy / strategy… but, in the light of some pretty solid modelling work done by epidemiologists and others at imperial college (London), whic showed that it was highly risky, they have now rowed back from it.
The difficulties with it are that it takes a lot longer than 30-60 days for the under-60 ‘herd’ to get good immunity, 75% say, with under 0.1% newly ill each week. It takes more like 4-6 months maybe longer. and there are still a few under-60s just acquiring the virus for the first time… so when the over 60s do come out of the deep freeze, the virus rips through them just as it would have done if they’d stayed at liberty. An te healthcare system gets swamped with 10x the number of critically ill people that it is designed to cope with. Disaster deferred not averted.
The 20 page Imperial college paper (by Ferguson et al) is worth a read. It covers both the US and the UK in its analysis. This link should work…
2. This is what I’ve been wondering as well. I’d like to see this topic addressed as I’ve yet to see anything written on it.
21. Doctor, nurse, and medical staff and their attrition has to be added to the model. People available to treat will diminish over time as well.
Hospitals do not have enough isolation space, WHOLE hospitals will need to be designated as ID space and/or otherwise use closed buildings for expansion.
Mobilize Army hospitals now to add capacity
Nationalize manufacturing for PPE, ventilator, and other medical equipment.
Nationalize Amazon, UPS, Fedex logistics to get things where needed…when needed.
Nationalize stores like CVS for drive through testing.
Now please.
1. Nationalize? Really? You mean for efficiency? the DMV? Great idea! Why stop with your list here, and just nationalize everything?
22. Very interesting take on the issue, thank you very much.
Joscha Bach took a very similiar way a few days ago with his short article “Don’t “Flatten the Curve,” stop it!”:
The Imperial College in London has released a study that is based on proper simulations and that came to the same conclusions as Joscha’s back-of.the-envelope-calculations:
Hope this helps the discussion and further modeling.
23. And what if we just quarantine at risk groups (elderly, underlying health conditions) and those in direct contact with them (carers, immediate family etc)? Does this not stem the flow of hospitalisations but avoids catastrophic damage to the economy and forcing generations into poverty?
24. Not only that, but MORTALITY will go up disproportionately. As the system gets burdened, more and more of the people entering the care funnel will receive subpar treatment–or be excluded entirely from life saving interventions.
25. Tim, thank you for sharing this – I used it to help form my own personal decision around social distancing for my family based on our already overburdened rural hospital. Will share with the hospital board as well, it is important that people understand the impacts of their decisions.
26. The initial assumption is the scariest part here in NYC where available hospital beds on any given day zero = 0. Typical time lag on any given slow Wednesday afternoon between ER visit and bed available for admission is 24-48 hours before taking CV-19 admissions into account. On a busy day ERs in Manhattan have beds stacked in every walkway like sliding tile puzzles that doctors need to push this way and that to get to a particular patient. It’s gonna be a shit-show.
27. Hi Tim, for starting cases here in Maryland, I put three, as in three “reported” cases. Am I getting something wrong? The daily increase doesn’t add up, it’s too low on the Google sheet. Thank you for this!
28. One assumption that is inaccurate is the percentage of occupied beds before infections start. Hospitals are typically close to full at any given time.
29. Great blog post. Thanks for posting it. There are so many more complications to placing patients in hospital beds as some have discussed in the comments. I have been a nursing house supervisor at several large hospitals and a trauma center. I think the public needs to understand that there is a huge wait time to get a bed because of the various levels of acuity (how sick they are) what type of care they need, monitored beds, ICU beds…are they ventilated or not. Are the nursing staffing ratios appropriate to intervene early if patients are becoming sicker? Or are the nurses pushed to the limit and unable to appropriately care for their patients. I don’t even want to talk about dealing with isolation requirements in hospitals without private rooms…I could go on and on as most healthcare professionals could. ( but I will spare you my ramblings.)
I’m glad you are giving out good information. Thank you!
30. Has anyone looked into modifying one ventilator to support multiple patients? While not ideal, maybe it could save lives
31. Invoking the concept of “antifragile” – the more we act to prevent adverse effects now, the worse those adverse effects will be when they regroup and hit us again in the future. (And usually they hit us again in the fairly NEAR future.) So – wouldn’t it behoove us to allow this to happen, albeit with some less-draconian attempts at mitigation, and so be better able to weather this when it reappears down the road? (THIS is never openly discussed so far as I know..)
32. I despair at this kind of simplistic analysis.
1. Growth rates of this virus have not been exponential anywhere, otherwise everyone on the planet would already be infected and/or dead.
As Nobel laureate Biophysicist Michael Levitt put it: “In exponential growth models, you assume that new people can be infected every day, because you keep meeting new people. But, if you consider your own social circle, you basically meet the same people every day. You can meet new people on public transportation, for example; but even on the bus, after some time most passengers will either be infected or immune.”,7340,L-3800632,00.html
2. Hospital beds is not the important issue. It’s ICU beds. The US has more ICU beds than anywhere else in the world, literally 3X those in Italy. Check the death rate in Germany, which has almost as many ICU beds/100K as the US. It’s .02% (27 deaths on 11973 cases as of 18 March), about what they say influenza is.
3. This is not a disease that kills everyone equally. On the contrary, this is a disease that kills the oldest. Actually, that is also not accurate; this is a disease that kills the sickest. 97 percent of the people who have died in Italy have not only been old, they’ve been sick.
4. There are literally no studies that prove that extreme suppression (quarantine) is effective – because there have been no controls. Why is it assumed that following the Chinese model works? What might have been going on there was not that everyone was locked down, but that health professionals went door to door to find all the sick and vulnerable.
5. Tanking the global economy is not without life and death costs. People will die in the developed nations because they won’t be eating right, or getting proper nursing home care, or they’re depressed and no one can help them, or their illnesses are deprioritized, or research funding is being diverted from lower priority diseases so the cures won’t be delayed in the future, etc. And many more will die in the developed countries because trade will be stopping, they will stop earning, healthcare will deteriorate, the fertilizer won’t be shipped because the ships are laid up so people won’t be eating, etc.
6. This discussion doesn’t account for natural immunity (how many will never get sick? We don’t know how many, but we know many don’t get sick).
7. No accounting for seasonality of disease (why isn’t it rampant in India?).
8. And no accounting for a real alternative: quarantine the people most at risk, and let the rest get on with their lives and keep the economy humming, the factories cranking, the store shelves full of toilet paper. They sent the kids out of London during the blitz in WWII. Help the sick elderly. It may be that simple.
1. My “plus one” to this commenter: “I despair at this kind of simplistic analysis”. So do I. I also despair at the one-size-fits-all, top-down, hysterical response of authority-systems and opinion-formers the world over. Jumped-up authoritarians around the globe are trying on some new powers to force people to stay at home, do this, don’t do that – and the freedoms the people loose in the course of the authoritarian response to the virus will not be easily regained.
33. Thanks for posting this and using your platform to educate. In my area of California, we have only a few *known* cases (but they include community transmission and we had no testing until very, very recently, and have very restrained testing now, so….) and many people don’t seem to fully understand what even the social distancing efforts are intended to prevent.
34. Tim and Felix – Thanks for posting this, and for sharing the spreadsheet. While plenty of the input assumptions are still unknown, the overarching message that this conveys is critical for people to hear…
One challenging reality that this analysis assumes is that the quarantine will last for 40 (or more) days…otherwise the growth will continue to expand at exponential rates.
Until a vaccine or treatment becomes viable, that may be the only mathematical way to ‘flatten the curve’, although in application, economic and social pressures will make it impossible. Indeed, as a society, we may have to prepare for ‘partial quarantines’ that last even longer, and that still allows CV-19 to spread, but at an ‘acceptable’ rate.
For now, getting the word out about the importance of social distancing and quarantining is the most important step, but soon the key information and educational challenge is going to be answering “how long does this have to last?”…
35. Key Assumption flaw: you are assuming that when a new case is diagnosed it will take 10 days for them to present to hospital . However in Europe ( I am doctor in UK ) , testing is only done in a patient that is already admitted with respiratory problems ( ie they are already at day 10) There is no universal screening to pick them up before they are symptomatic . I believe this is similar in US.
36. Hi Tim. Greetings from Slovenia (8.730-t, 287-c, 1-d). Virus is not a problem,The problem are sanctions and actions of the government.Its time for changes.
37. Just tried out the model…the other thing to consider is that we are talking about **new** demand for ICU beds…in my city there are around 16 ICU bed & based on published statistics last year they averaged 15.1 ICU cases/day… so there is not a lot of unused ICU beds as it is…people already need ICU for “everyday” things… so the actual supply of ICU space runs out far quicker because we have to consider that ICU beds are already being used for heart attacks, car accidents, etc…
38. This is a good first understanding! But the next question is: if your interventions work to keep demand for the health care system within supply (or even if you don’t), how long are you going to keep everyone quarantined? The answer is many many months. As soon as you unquarantine everyone, you’re going to have the same problem of hospital overflow all over again with such a contagious disease. Can our economy survive a 6-month full quarantine? A 12-month full quarantine? Will our populations tolerate it? Do we unquarantine people gradually so as not to overwhelm the healthcare system? How would we do that in a fair and just way? Would really love to see some people writing on these topics, too.
39. Thanks Felix for sharing this information. It’s very helpful to get a better image of the situation.
However, I’m still wondering a few things which I hope someone here can clarify a bit more.
Beware: I’m not claiming the points below to be facts or scenario’s that are going to happen for sure. I’m not specialised in the material at hand, so I use these points to clarify my way of thinking and the questions I’m still left with after much reading and thinking about this topic.
1. Hospital capacity is not only beds, ventilators or meds, but also the people working in healthcare. Most likely, they get sick sooner or later as well. Doesn’t this bring down the hospital capacity even more, thus resulting in an even bigger overflow?
2. Let’s say a region/the world quarantines early enough and the hospitals won’t overflow. How long do you keep people in quarantine before it’s safe enough again? No matter when you start your quarantine, it seems to me like the virus still circulates somewhere in the world. That means that there are 2 scenario’s (of course there are more, but I’m highlighting the 2 most widely separated cases in a simplified version).
1. Let’s say that you started quarantine too late. Hospitals will have been overflowed big time, a lot of people have died (more than should have died), but on the other side most people will already be immune by the time the quarantine ends (assuming you’re immune after you’ve got it). That means that when breakout ‘starts’ again after quarantine ends, the growth will be a lot less severe due to more immune people around the infected. As a result, probably no more quarantines are needed.
2. Let’s say that you started quarantine early enough. In this case hospitals are not overflowed and a lot of lives have been saved. On the flip side, the virus still has a chance of circulating somewhere, but almost no one is immune yet. Doesn’t this mean that when the breakout ‘starts’ again, you need to quarantine yet another time? And again, and again, until the majority of the population is finally immune, causing the virus to finally die out.
In short for point 2: when, according to experts, should it be safe enough to stop quarantine and how many more quarantines are likely to happen after that in case of quarantining early enough vs. too late during the first ‘wave’? And what are the conditions of a virus dying out?
40. Thank you very much for your insight.
Did you see Joscha Bach’s recent take of this topic (and his back-of-the-envelope calculations)?
The Imperial College in London has released a study that is based on proper simulations. It arrives at the same conclusion as Joscha: the number of cases during the peak of the infection exceeds the available medical resources not by a small factor, but by a magnitude.
Hope this helps the discussion.
41. Harvard Global Health Institute data set on hospital bed capacity (parsed out by hospital referral region with local population stats) for various infection rates of adult population across different time spans. Still skips staffing issues and equipment issues but covers the problem of avail vs total beds, including for ICU beds. Fascinating/appalling.
Be sure to scroll down below explanation to read the definitions, which explains some assumptions used. (Such as for “potentially” available beds — what that means).
Stories based off this data are running in NYT and ProPublica.
42. Thank you Tim and Felix. These things don’t spread exponentially forever, or 90% of the world would be infected already.
People are not meeting new people every day, they generally keep the same social circles, patterns, etc so even if one person infected 10 (made up number) they aren’t meeting 10 NEW people every day, and so on.
The exponential rate actually declines after awhile.
Another “non-epidemiologist” commented on this effect here:
You can probably google israeli “Nobel laureate spread is slowing”
I don’t know if I can post the website so I put it in my login
43. Thanks for getting the word out, Tim. Here in Austin, people seem to be in denial. Today, I ventured out for the first time in a week to do a curbside grocery pickup at Randalls. That was a fiasco – my order (placed DAYS earlier) was canceled “due to high order volume.” I found this out as I arrived at the store. But, I was amazed at the level of activity on the roads, in parking lots, etc. Busier than normal weekday, far from the sparse traffic I expected. Maybe all the folks working from home decided to go shopping. This is going to get worse quickly, stay well!
44. I am very sorry that people will get infected and some will die but I wish we as a society took our daily health/weight as seriously as we are taking the corona virus.
45. Great perspective, thanks for providing a data based view of the situation and why the actions being taken are CRITICAL. Heed the warnings!
46. Oh for fuck’s sake. That he’s so special he shall be named Felix. Step up to the fucking plate or leave the planet and take your panties with you. Crazy shit.
47. I appreciate this explanation.
The concern that I have as a front line care provider is that these models fail to recognize that our hospitals are over capacity to begin with.
Fundamentally we need to change how our society practices medicine and utilizes the hospital.
48. Thanks Tim. Great analysis. I believe the same principle of exponential growth and lag time are also in play with global warming. But it is a much slower moving trajectory, which is really bad because by the time people realize for sure that we are in trouble, we may be beyond our ability to recover. Climate change should be treated with the same level of urgency and crisis response as we are now starting to see with the novel corona virus. Bernie has the right idea with his plan to address the problem. Hopefully Joe was listening.
– Scott
49. Tim, I’m sure you can’t keep up to all comments and replies to your work, but this post helped me gain political support for actions regarding COVID-19 containment in my city, and, being a physician involved in the management of medical services in my city, that could not have come in a better time. Many many thanks!
50. At what point does the overall impact of quarantine outweigh the relatively small number of deaths? For instance cars – we’ve decided as a society that motor transportation is worth the risk yet it results in many more deaths than coronavirus. What about tobacco or obesity? Why is this such a greater threat?
51. Tim, thank you for the calculation, I am a microbiologist and totally agree with the post! Can you please put the key findings in 5 easy to understand bullet points on top of the post! The calculation is great but non-scientists will get lost in the reading and not get the take-home messages! And it would be great to extend the calculation to the following: Which quarantine measures should be taken at which day in the “cycle”. Clearly most politicians are missing out on having such numbers at their hand at the moment because all their actions are lagging way behind what would be required! iE I am in Australia, we are still relatively early in the cycle with lower infection rates than Europe and schools and childcare are still open. It would be great to have a model how effective each quarantine step is (how many people do you get in contact with) (voluntary self isolation, cancelling events, closing schools and childcare, closing shops, ban on going out) and at which infection rate within a specific population which step should be taken (or: should have been taken, because everybody is lagging behind …)
52. Hi Tim and Felix
Nice analysis.
Lots of insight from a simply structured well focused model.
Would suggest it is worth looking at the role of front line health care staff and their testing and protection, because i think they could be a big factor in the propogation of the disease (as well as providing the treatment and caring for the sick) … if they arent protected and checked out properly. sick patient gives te virus to paramedic, nurse etc … who gives it to other patients and colleagues, before realising that they have the virus. rinse and repeat. coupled with exponential growth, equals … a further nasty big positive feedback loop.
Proper masks, gowns, regular testing, and possibly increased social distancing amongst the medics, might nip this in the bud. Nil protection and nil testing will leave it free to go into overdrive.
Exponential growth plus lagged effects equals super difficult arena for setting policy.
Covid-19 is a very dramatic example; global warming/heating looks like it is probably another one, albeit in slower time. There are others too eg in the criminal justice system.
Sterman’s book on System Dynamics is a great exposition on this (and more), if anyone wants the full nine yards, but its not a light read … or ‘The Forest and the Trees’ covers it in a bit less depth but easier to digest.
53. You should see the just released Reason interview with Richard Epstein which basically argues against everything you’ve written here. I’m not saying that you’re wrong, but it’s nice to see the counter arguments.
54. Most hospitals are already at nearly full capacity, canceling elective and non urgent surgery will only gain maybe 20% more beds, the time to quarantine was yesterday in any example. And the number of hospital beds are meaningless, the only statistic that counts is the number of staffed beds, no nurses=no hospital beds. Plus there is not enough PPE to take care of infected patients , this is going to be Italy in about a month.
1. Another problem with “elective and non-urgent” is — who decides? My bro-in-law just began chemo for his recurrence of lymphoma. My sister is freaking out because of ALL the times to shut down his immune system?! But it’s his decision. Which is “more urgent”? Should he risk having no immune system during a bad pandemic, or risk cancer spreading over however-many-months corona-chan goes on?
Vox Day, in his blog, drives off questions — and sometimes questioners: “what about meeeeeee?” But there are the many millions of people trying to balance what-about-me — just as we try to balance it about working, finances, and crashing the economy.
But Ann Michele has the center point of it: beds WITHOUT staff are not hospitalization; and ‘unstaffed beds’ are available in homes (and probably more comfortable too).
I’m a moderately healthy 64-yr-old, and 100% NOT counting on the VA to be of any use to me in this. VA is mostly crap in good times; it will be beyond useless if I do get very sick. I’ve laid in all the OTC/self-treatment meds for whatever I can imagine I might need; I WISH I had taken time to update my will; and I began my social isolation a week+ ago. I am highly intelligent and used to be medical affairs director and EMT teacher for an ambulance corps. If *I* am making plans to ‘do-without’ — what are the MPAI supposed to do?
55. Here in bavaria(germany) we are starting to not to allow any surgery etc that isn´t 100% necessary right now (like cysts, vasektomies, basically all that can wait), building up huge tents next to hospitals and converting gymnastic halls into space with hospital beds.
Most doctors, f.e. trained surgeons, have to undergo special trainings now to learn how to use the lung stuff (don´t know the proper english translation, maybe ventilators?) – and we have ordered medical students into the hospitals – so basically we are really preparing for the worst case. Hospitals are closed for everyone else, and as for now they are empty.
But since we are on the border to italy, and many people went there on their skiing break at the end of february, i think it´s better to be prepared, especially since this exponential curve is so steep.
What i don´t get: Schools and kindergarden, as well as cinemas, reaturants etc. are closed (and there are rumours about a big shut down of everything on friday) , but as long as everybody still goes shopping for groceries daily – how will the infection rate go down?
It´s no like we have those huge supermarkets like in the US where there is more space that people. People are close together when we shop, stand in line, touch our food and pay, and also the money and coins (or the automatic payment systems, but where you still enter the code) might transfer it too, right?
Why haven´t we started to stop normal postage shipping and all those amazon and DHL and UPS cars have to bring food to the houses instead so that people actually do stay home?
and why is almost NOBODY (at least not the mass media) talking about actually boosting everybodies immune system, fe.e with diet changes etc.?
It is proven that fear slows down your immune system – so preparatio n and care, yes, but all this fear maybe isnt the best.
56. Thanks for sharing the template! I have a question regarding the model template. How do I get the time factor of the hospitalization working? They don’t seem to be factored in anywhere in the template.
57. Brilliant article. Wonder what is the average occupancy rate of hospital beds. Is it under 3%? Otherwise, alarm bells are not going to ring until much much later.
58. Instituting a quarantine is a great first step but getting these numbers out in front of people is important to maintain the quarantine. Locally, with schools out, a lot of parents were taking their kids to the local parks and having them all play together on the playgrounds. Our county had to shut down the parks to prevent this. Many people aren’t personally touched (yet) by the virus and fail to heed the warnings of people who can project 20 days down the road!
59. Perhaps Social Distancing isn’t the correct term to use? Physical Distancing is necessary, but we need to remain Social.
60. I am Italian and I have read some false or badly reported things about Italy. Please be precise.
Our healthcare personnel are working hard and everyone here is oriented towards solving the problem.
We don’t like to be blamed or considered to be greasers.
Felix is absolutely right when he says that we should all be quarantined long before we are in the midst of the general pandemic.
I know there is talk in general, but some think that it was Italy that acted late.
I honestly don’t think we could have acted earlier, there are countries like the UK that still persist in not looking reality in the face.
Yet even Trump had initially allowed travel from the UK and Ireland …
I’m not an expert at all, but this simple reasoning is based on facts. Tell me if I’m wrong in some passage.
I would instead like to see Italy help in the future the other countries that will find themselves in our current condition.
61. “Flatten the Curve”
Humbly suggest this easy to digest vid of this same concept. Joe Hanson.
The punchline is well delivered: Philadelphia vs. St Louis in 1912
[Moderator: link removed.]
62. Keep calm, wash your hands, all surfaces, phone screens, steering wheels etc. Eat clean, sleep well, drink plenty of clean water, Keep calm, keep calm, keep calm..
If we are all so motivated on fear, living fear based lives, imagine the possibilities the government can hold over us.
Don’t be scared, be smart.
63. Is it possible that COVID-19 arrived in the US earlier (or with more prevalence) than the first “documented cases”? I have not seen this idea discussed much. What if there were affected individuals that mistook the symptoms for seasonal flu and never sought medical treatment? While this article is a study in models and not epidemiology it would affect some of the outcomes.
64. Wouldn’t it change your model drastically if you change the assumption that hospital beds are not static? What if the mayor of Springfield turned the stadium used by the local NBA team (as well as other now vacant public spaces) and immediately began the process of turning them into temporary hospital wards?
Also, what if the assumption that quarantining early cases will prevent the spread of infection is faulty?
There are several news stories from the last few days that show that enforcing an effective quarantine of a population of any meaningful size in the USA is not possible (barring the use of draconian methods of control, such as those used in China, which would not be legal in the USA). You are never going to get a high enough percentage of the population of a city like, say, San Diego, to stay inside for a month.
Even if the governor deployed the national guard, you still aren’t going to achieve anywhere near 50% compliance. What are they going to do, shoot people that violate the quarantine? Right now they can’t even convince people not to hoard toilet paper.
65. Thank you for the analysis, interesting, but a few concerns:
1. It is assuming there are no negative effects to an early quarantine that could themselves cause increased hospitalization – there likely are, look at the increases in hospitalization around times where people become isolated, eg. the holidays.
2. There is unlikely any point in time in North America where hospitals are running at anything under 75% capacity, and most typically run close to or over 100% capacity during normal times.
Current hospital systems/hospital workers are setup to be stretched in normal times. Excesses/redundancies need to be built into the system before pandemics, not during. We shouldn’t be in a position where we are relying on a quarantine to solve this in the first place. This is not an unexpected event – it has been on the brink of happening multiple times, including with SARS, H1N1, Ebola, etc.
66. Comes to my attention the exponential decrease if people seek hospital attention earlier on. Changing those 10 days to 8 made an incredible difference in most scenarios. This should be a front of attention as well.
67. 3 weeks of quarantine can make a huge difference. See Codigno, Italy. See Singapore. My father was isolated in a TB ward for seven years of his 20’s. He came out alive, with damaged lungs, but maintained a wry, clever, philosophical sense of humor. Had me, his first child, at 34. I can do this quarantine thing- he was a great example. I am high risk. Let’s crush this!
68. Felix and Tim, Thanks for stepping out. I really appreciate it. I have been following in my local community – Napa, CA. Just the facts Ma’am — Dragnet parlance. County officials are either witholding information or don’t know / can’t figure it out. Stepping out means people come out of the woodwork with their own baggage on issues / assumptions / etc. Thanks again for putting it out there. Keep your eye on the ball as you see it with input that feel is valid. Best Regards.
69. Tim talked about companies like AirBNB and Hilton have stepped up to help our medical heroes have safe places to recoup from long shifts.
Here is another possible solution. ***Especially for remote hospitals**
A call out to the RV, Motorhomes and Trailer dealers. Lend and donate units that can be strategically placed close to hospitals that will provide isolated quarters for Dr’s and other essential medical workers. As we know many of our heroes won’t be able to go home without risk of affecting family members. They will need rest and a quiet place to recharge.
This could also be said for what we used to call the entertainment industry whom is currently on indefinite hiatus. Use their STAR TRAILERS and put them new hospitals for our heroes. History will remember those who step up for our health care workers now.
70. Perhaps seeing hospital beds as a fixed number is wrong. With time, ICU’s can be expanded, some patients driven to other hospitals. Space can be made. Imperfect MASH units created. Not immediately but each week, seeing the coming crisis, hospitals out a necessity can get creative.
71. This is shooting in the dark, hoping that smarter people can answer- If ventilators/respirators weren’t available, would a CPAP machine attached to an oxygen concentrator help? (perhaps concentrator isn’t the right word, but there are oxygen enhancers that can attached to CPAP machines.
72. Hi Tim,
We have a ventilator assist system thats is based on AI algorithm, in November it received FDA approval.
It can reduce the time a patient requires IC assistance by up to 25%.
It monitors patients vitals constantly and automatically recommends adjustments which allow lower qualified nurses to control the ventilator.
There is a remote feature which allows doctors to adjust settings remotely removing them from the contagious environment.
Not sure if I can put a link but if you want more info please be in touch and I will leave the website in the details box.
Best regards
Darren Sands
73. Just sent this to an er doc friend of mine to see what he says.
‘we’ really really screwed up on this one by looking at the math. And to think there r still morons out there sticking their heads in the sand or even holding ‘covid parties’ | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '277', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9544038772583008}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '590428', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LI2R7W3MUQ23ZUJ63WUGUMVPXC5DJMF6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5c1ea693-a5af-481b-8207-6983bed7a77e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 26, 12, 41, 16), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.16.173.243', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:O533EC5R3Q5FC6HUCEWRDE44WJCDWIMB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:18a9b13d-0350-4afe-a2ac-815a78f52f81>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://tim.blog/2020/03/17/predicting-hospital-capacity-why-to-act-early-how-to-think-about-lag-time-and-a-model-you-can-use/?replytocom=150517', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d8c0bedb-613c-405c-ab87-c2c2d89dc19e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '12123', 'url': 'https://tim.blog/2020/03/17/predicting-hospital-capacity-why-to-act-early-how-to-think-about-lag-time-and-a-model-you-can-use/?replytocom=150517', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-142\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04753243923187256', 'original_id': '2308028a21c13ff76cd6b4d0ff5c08b3abbe3e1dc14319bdc8f79b4cf78d7061'} |
This is the text version of Hungry Girl.
To see the accompanying visuals, go to:
Hungry Girl Today: 09.26.07
I bought a 100-calorie brownie the other day made by a company called
Glenny's. The weight on the package said 41g -- but then I weighed it and it
actually weighed 55g. Does that mean it had more than 100 calories? Yikes!
Should I be weighing all of my packaged foods? What's the deal, HG?
Dear Scale-Happy,
You, my friend, ROCK. That's an excellent question, and I am very
impressed that you thought it was a good idea to weigh your brownie before
devouring it. The answer to your first question is, YES, that brownie did
contain more than 100 calories. The nutritional info on food labels is based
on weight. If the label states that a product has X number of calories for the
given serving size, but the actual serving size is larger, then you need to
calculate the nutritionals based on how much your snack actually weighs. So,
in this case, your little brownie snack actually had 134 calories, as opposed
to 100. Keep in mind, companies are allowed to be up to 20% off on their
weights and nutritional info, but this one is nearly 35% off! To answer your
second Q, yes, I think it's a good idea to weigh your packaged foods when
you can. Don't go CRAZY weighing every little thing, but if you have access
to a scale (click here to see one of our faves!) and can easily toss stuff onto
it every so often, you should. I think you'll find that, for the most part, big-
brand stuff will weigh what it's supposed to weigh, and products from the
smaller mom 'n pop companies will be where you'll find the biggest
discrepancies. But don't freak out, because knowledge is power -- so if you
know that some of your foods weigh more and have more calories and fat,
you can plan your food choices accordingly.
For links please go to:
Dear Hungry Girl,
I do fine during the day watching what I eat, but after dinner I cannot seem
to stop eating. I eat fruit, dry cereal, popcorn... sometimes all three in the
same night. Help! I know that this is sabotaging my weight loss. Any
Nighttime Nosher
Dear Nighttime Nosher,
You're right. Your late-night munching is likely hindering your weight loss,
and that's a shame. You work so hard at it all day, and then you come home
and end up eating WAY too much. Something tells me you may not be eating
enough throughout the day. Maybe you're depriving yourself and your
hunger builds throughout the day, so by the time you get home you're
ravenous? Eating several small meals throughout the day (ones with plenty
of protein and enough healthy fats) might help curb your late-night appetite.
If I were you, I would try to avoid eating the super-carby stuff (like cereal)
at night. I think it only makes you hungrier and more likely to binge eat.
Also, avoid eating ANYTHING straight from the box or bag -- if you're gonna
snack, force yourself to dole out a portion into a bowl or onto a plate, and
you'll be less likely to go totally overboard. I personally like to eat fruit after
dinner (you've got the right idea with that snack!) -- it's light, it satisfies a
sweet tooth, and it should curb any hunger you might still have. BTW, if
you're ever in the middle of a nighttime food frenzy, there are a few tricks
that might help stop you in your tracks. Try downing a few glasses of water
(it's good at getting the message to your body that it's full). Or try sipping
flavored decaf tea or coffee, or another flavored, calorie-free beverage --
those are satisfying and they taste good. And when all else fails, BRUSH
YOUR TEETH! The minty toothpaste is GREAT for killing food cravings (just
make sure your toothpaste doesn't taste like popcorn or cookies!). Let me
know how it goes!
Today, September 26th, is National Pancake Day. Chew on a stack of HG's
Very Blueberry Pancakes. Yum!!!
week (but cannot respond to emails personally).
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Behavior FinanceMoney Management
Why do I Struggle with My Mind Over My Money?
Why is it so hard to control your mind when it comes to spending?
Think of one hard conservation about your finances you know you should have with yourself that you haven’t initiated. For me, it is mind over money. Do you have one in mind? I know that you do, so be honest with yourself.
Now, consider why you haven’t had the conversation.
Is it because you don’t know what to say to yourself? I bet you know exactly what you want to say. It is because you are too busy. I guessing you’ve already missed a few ideal moments to raise this uncomfortable issue. Hmmm, why is it uncomfortable? It is because you get a weird feeling? How you feel does not define who you are.
So, why haven’t you had the conservation? – My compassionate voice is reaching out to you.
Because it is scary, confusing and you don’t like the feeling you get when you confront yourself. You prefer to not even think about it.
mind and decisions
Mind over money
Making financial decisions are normal parts of life. It does not matter if you think that you are good at it or not. You must make the decisions.
But merely understanding this fact isn’t enough to ensure that you make sound decisions when it comes to managing your green stuff. Have you ever made a decision – good or bad - and later wondered what motivated you to make that choice? If you are like me it happens all too often.
Interesting facts about our spending habits
The New York Federal Center for Microeconomic Data collects and publishes quarterly reports on household debt and credit. In the first quarter of 2019 aggregate household debt balances increased for the 19th consecutive quarter. The good news is that household credit card balances declined but credit card limits rose for the 25th consecutive quarter. Another bit of good news reported was, credit card account closings were at the highest level since 2010, with 229 million accounts closed within 12 months. Are you one of the 22 million who closed an account?
The Federal Reserve of Atlanta the region that covers my city last reported that retail sales were unchanged from the previous report. Sometimes I wonder how much I am contributing to the numbers that are reported. Please understand, I like spending money as much as anyone. I am totally for spending when preparation meets purpose.
My story - A mind over money experience
I went shopping for an all-white outfit – to meet the dress requirements of a party. I never wear all-white so this was a struggle for me. While in the store I found a satisfactory pair of pants and a shirt. However, while flipping through several pants racks I fell in love with 3 different colors (light green, sky blue and lavendar) of pants and they all fitted perfectly. Before I realized it, my subconscious mind had made the decision to take the garments home. So I tossed the garments over my arm and proceeded to the checkout line.
I didn’t feel any anxiety at the time but, there are times when I feel anxious or fearful just before I hand over my cash or sign on the bottom line. What about you? Do you feel anxious or fearful at times about your money? Well, either way, your mind has a lot to do with it and here is why.
decisions mind
The part of the brain that responds to fear is the amygdala (amygdale is Latin for almond). The almond size amygdala sends out warning signals, which create a sense of anxiety when we fear something, such as anticipating or experiencing a financial issue.
The amygdala is most commonly known for its role in aversive learning, in which a behavior is taught by pairing it with an unpleasant stimulus. Have you ever heard of a friend having a “mad money” experience? That’s money they may or may not have –but spend it anyway because spending makes them feel better. The madness is the unpleasant stimulus and spending money is the behavior that is taught or learned.
So, now every time the person gets mad they spend money to ease the madness. As a result, when repeated regularly this behavior pattern may lead to a financial crisis.
The next time your friend mentions mad money to you – tell them that their amygdala needs fixing. And just to make things even more complicated, there are two amygdalae in our heads, one in each hemisphere.
Positive spending outcomes can trigger certain neurons in the brain to release dopamine, a neurotransmitter that regulates feelings of pleasure. Simply anticipating spending money on something could cause your brain to release this chemical. Maybe, this is the reason we get hooked on spending money.
The prefrontal cortex can help counter the brain’s primal responses and guide our social behavior, personality expressions, and decision making as we manage our finances. In effect, the prefrontal cortex can help you concentrate, analyze concepts, and draw logical conclusions instead of simply reacting. The prefrontal cortex is where our rationality lives, without rationality we would only act on instinct. We are the only animal on the planet that possesses a rational conscious mind. This trait makes humans the most intelligent species. So, does that mean that we always make a rational decision? Not in your wildest dreams.
If you feel that your prefrontal cortex is weak and you struggle with willpower, creativity, reason and best of all – goal setting, don’t fret.
strengthen the mind
your mind over your money workout
Due to the amazing ability of the brain to change itself, you can strengthen this area of the brain with repeated practice.
The best way to increase the activity in the prefrontal cortex, making it stronger over time is to resist instant gratification.
Instant gratification in this context means making a purchase without any financial consideration and no time spent rationalizing. The force of instant gratification is so powerful that it can severely disrupt or transform rational thinking into irrational thinking. As a result, you will find yourself making a poor financial decision over and over again.
Back to my story
As I was heading to the checkout line with the 4 pairs of pant and one shirt, a thought reminded me that I only came to get a white outfit. My prefrontal cortex had taken charge of my thinking. I stopped in my tracks and look at the extra pants in my arms and took a deep breath to clear my mind. I thought about how comfortable they felt when I tried them on in the dressing room, how they would match perfectly with some shirts at home and with the white shirt also in my arms.
In another flash, my prefrontal cortex reminded me that I only came to the store to get the white outfit and I really didn’t need 3 extra pants. So, I left the store with only the white outfit. Most importantly I purchased only what I needed at an acceptable price. In the end - I felt good because I knew I made the right money decision.
man in all white outfit
My all-white outfit.
To increase your chances of long term financial happiness, understand that your brain’s natural responses can influence your decisions regarding money. Both fears in making money decision and pleasure in accumulating financial successes can complicate your decision-making process.
Simply keeping this dynamic in mind can give your prefrontal cortex a chance to step in and help when your amygdala primal instincts threaten your money. This will help you make a better mind over money decision based on established financial strategies – not emotions. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '7', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9456467032432556}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '45704', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QQBNZSIUSYBX7KTRMN3NEGCHE2B5AZ7M', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:87429bb7-5f4b-4f95-a39c-ec7ff5b4e42c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 16, 21, 43, 41), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.205.12.113', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MZLXD4MI2VOGLAG3MPRL23CBVBAW2UEM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:43cdf92f-9a65-4328-a5e1-e68a7ab4f60b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.clarkonmoney.com/mind-over-money/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5d09bd1c-9708-46e0-9594-d8f47458c70b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1286', 'url': 'https://www.clarkonmoney.com/mind-over-money/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-188.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.030996322631835938', 'original_id': '1b31e9cfda7eafd16cde2e4a77fa1f50ae67d2f6ee7b111c923f210eeb930686'} |
Stem cell conference part four: Laying the foundations for future stem cell clinical trials
The remainder of the morning covered some of the preclinical research that has laid the foundations for current and forthcoming clinicalstudies. Prof Clive Svendsen, from University Wisconsin-Madison, gave an overview of the strategy that helped lay the foundations for the current Neuralstem trial. This strategy involves the implantation of support cells (astrocytes) into the spinal cord. These astrocytes produce important nourishing (neurotrophic) factors that are essential to maintain the health of neurones. The strategy therefore is not about rewiring the nervous system, but instead providing the surviving motor neurones with a ‘boost’ to aid their survival.
He stressed the need for long and detailed study of the astrocyte cell lines if they are to be seriously considered as candidates for transplantation studies, using the comment “rubbish in, rubbish out”. He also provided very useful cautionary information in that some of the human cell lines show a tendency towards developing genetic changes over time, reminiscent of some types of tumours. By careful characterisation of the cell lines, his team was able to select only cells that demonstrated they were extremely stable. He has grafted these cells into the spinal cords of SOD1 rats, which does indeed help to protect the motor neurones.
However, it does not markedly alter the survival of the animals, probably due to the fact that the implanted cells can take months to mature into functional astrocytes, plus the fact that the motor neurones were still drawing back from the muscles and losing their connection. He is therefore looking at a ‘two-pronged attack’, treating both ends of the motor neurone through astrocyte implantation into the spinal cord, combined with nerve growth factor injections into the muscle.
Why stem cells derived astrocytes?
Astrocytes vastly outnumber neurones in the brain and spine: they are the cells that make up most of the ‘cellular neighbourhood’ and it is believed that in diseases such as MND, that neighbourhood is toxic to motor neurones. Prof Don Cleveland from University of California San Diego believes that if healthier, correctly functioning, astrocytes can be implanted into the spinal cord, it could turn the cellular neighbourhood into one that will protect the motor neurones and alter disease progression. The question is whether we can engraft enough cells to radically change the neighbourhood for good?
In colaboration with Prof Larry Goldstein, also from University California San Diego, his studies in SOD1 rats showed that injection of embryonic stem cell-derived human astrocytes can ‘clear the hurdles’ that need to be overcome in order to get astrocyte implantation studies into the clinic. Studies will move to a larger animal model and further work on producing, purifying and screening the cells needs to be done, in order to satisfy strict regulatory conditions.
He stressed the importance of setting milestones and getting the administration in place to deal with these hurdles. If all goes well in achieving these milestones, the plan is to be able to perform the first clinical studies in the next four years.
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AAPL Slips 3.9% on Broad Market Sell-Off
| Apple Stock Watch
Shares in Apple Inc. slipped 3.87% Thursday amidst a broad market sell-off precipitated on global economic concerns. AAPL ended the day at US$377.37 per share, down $15.20 (-3.87%), on heavy volume of 31 million shares trading hands.
AAPL Chart for August 4th
All of the major stock indices also fell sharply, with the DOW closing at 11,383.680, down 512.76 (-4.31%), the NASDAQ at 2,556.390, down 136.68 (-5.08%), and the S&P at 1,200.070, down 60.27 (-4.78%).
Behind the decline were concerns about a double dip recession in the U.S. and mounting worries about Europe’s economy. Today’s correction was the sharpest decline since 2009 during the recession brought on by the mortgage crisis. All told, U.S. stocks have sold off some 10% in the last week.
John Brady, Senior VP of interest rate products at MF Global, told Barrons that a decision by the Bank of New York to start charging large customers for the privilege of holding on their cash was the spark that led to the sell-off.
“I think the real fear is kind of what happened with Bank of New York today,” Mr. Brady said. “You are now going to be penalized for keeping money in the bank. I think that has shaken up the markets. Charging investors 13 basis points [0.13%] to keep cash on hand is pretty punitive. It starts to smell like Japan.”
As I said to a client years ago when a certain stock was down: “It’s a good time to buy - very good time. If the fundamentals are sound and the company has solid management, then buy the hell out of it.”
He did and so did I. I feel it is a really good time to buy AAPL. smile
And so basically what is happening is that big dollar hoarders are moving back in to the market. This would cause the market to go down? Hmmm…
I don’t understand Brady’s logic but I am not in his shoes. I’m not wearing any and have my feet up - relaxin’.
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