text stringlengths 3 7.38M | source_data stringclasses 5 values | info stringlengths 83 12.5k |
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Q:
Why would my production site and my dev site have different migrations?
I have a django site where I work on my dev, git push it to an online repo at bitbucket, and then I pull it onto my production server using
git pull --no-edit origin master
When I check the repo, the migration files mirror what is on my local machine exactly, but when I ssh into my server and look at the same migration files, they are different...
Why wouldn't these files be the same and how can I make sure they are the same, it is causing problems when I try to dump my data from my local database and put it into the main one.
A:
What is happening to you is probably that in some moment your local files didn't override with the files of the server. The best thing you can do is to put everything exactly as it exist in the server. To do that:
git fetch origin
git reset --hard origin/master
Apart from that I wouldn't recommend to upload the migration files to the server. In django they are like build files. Take into account if you make a change in your model in development, then you'll have to do the migrations and you'll get a new file like 0002_auto_*****. Imagine that you don't want this change in production, you'll have to do a new migration in development, and you'll get a another migration file 0003_auto_*****. You don't want that in your production environment, right?
To ignore folder migration you just have to add it to .gitignore.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '75c8af27a4410a14a09fe2f6363e34f9a3ed42267426f84fa2943ba9698f1835'} |
Andrés Zaldívar
José Andrés Rafael Zaldívar Larraín, (born March 18, 1936) popularly known as El Chico Zaldívar ("Short Zaldívar"), is a prominent Chilean Christian Democrat politician. Andrés Zaldívar is of Basque descent.
Early years
Zaldívar was born in Santiago, Chile. He attended primary and secondary school at the Instituto Alonso de Ercilla de Santiago, a member of the Congregación de los Hermanos Maristas. In 1959 Zaldívar graduated from the Universidad de Chile, having written the thesis ""Rental Laws, Commentaries and Jurisprudence".'<ref>Ley de Arrendamientos: Comentarios y Jurisprudencia,</ref>
In 1952 Zaldívar began his political career by joining the Conservative Party. while attending university, he participated in the International Congress of Students in Chicago in 1956 representing Chile, as the Secretary of the Union of Federated Universities of Chile. In 1957 he joined the Christian Democrat Party, and served as Juvenile President for Santiago's Third District.
Zaldívar practiced law in the Municipality of Colina from 1959 to 1962, then became magistrate of the local police of La Cisterna.
Political career
In the government of Eduardo Frei, Zaldívar served as Undersecretary of Finance from 1964 to 1967. He became Minister of Finance in 1968 and Minister of both Finance and Economy, in 1970. From 1968 to 1970, Zaldívar served as governor of the Inter-American Development Bank and was representative to the Interamerican Committee of the Alliance for Progress in Washington from 1968 to 1969 and representative to the Economic and Social Committee in Caracas in 1970.
During the years of the Popular Unity coalition, Zaldívar served many different posts within the party: from 1970 to 1973 he was a national counselor of the Christian Democrats, in 1972 he became a member of the Political Committee, and from 1976 to 1982 he was the president of the Christian Democrats. As such, he became one of the main leaders of the opposition to the Pinochet military regime at that time.
Military regime
In 1973, Zaldívar for the first time became a member of the National Congress of Chile, upon election to the Senate of Chile for the Second Provincial District of Atacama and Coquimbo, joining the Economic Committee of Congress. However, after the Chilean coup of 1973, Congress was dissolved on September 21 and Zaldívar went into exile with his family in Spain. Returning to Chile the following year, Zaldívar became president of the Christian Democrat Party, from 1975 to 1982.
In exile, Zaldívar was made President of the International Christian Democrats, an international organization of political parties, from 1981 to 1986, when he became a member of its advisory council. In 1981, furthermore, Zaldívar was a founding member of Center for Research for Ibero-America and Spain (Fundación CIPIE) in Spain, holding the position of president. In 1988, he joined the successful "No" campaign for the national plebiscite of that year. Also in 1988, Zaldívar again became the president of his party for another two years.
Administrations of the Concertación
In 1989, Zaldívar was elected Senator for the VII District of West Santiago, in one of the most hard-fought elections in history. Zaldívar received 31.27% of the vote while his partner on the list, future president Ricardo Lagos, received 30.62%. Due to Chile's binomial voting system (where parties or coalitions of parties select lists of one or more candidates, and the top candidate from each of the top two lists is elected when the top list gets less than twice the second-place list) and since no concessions could get double the votes of the Democracy and Progress, Andrés Zaldívar and the Independent Democrat Union's Jaime Guzmán, who only received 17.91% of the vote were elected.
At this time, Zaldívar joined the Senate Public Works Committee and presided over the Finance Committee. In December of the same year, he was re-elected Senator with 27.77% of the vote. His partner on the list, Camilo Escalona, received 15.98% principally due to the migration of votes from the left to the candidate of the Communist Party of Chile, Gladys Marín Millie, who received 15.69% of the vote. This allowed Zaldívar to be elected together with the conservative Jovino Novoa, with 20.56% of the vote.
During the second period since the rise of democracy, Zaldívar participated in the Constitution, Legislation, Justice, and Regulation Committees and presided over the Interior Administration Committee. In March 1998, Zaldívar was elected President of the Senate, a post that he held until March 15, 2004.
In 1999, Zaldívar was a candidate for President of Chile, representing the Christian Democrat Party for the primary election of the Chilean presidential election of that year. Meanwhile, the coalition PPD/PS (Party for Democracy and Socialist Party of Chile) elected Ricardo Lagos as its primary candidate. In that year, the Coalition of Parties for Democracy (the Concertación) held a primary to decide between the two. Lagos won the vote, with 71.3% of the vote to Zaldívar's 28.7%.
In 2005, Zaldívar ran for the third consecutive time for the Senate seat of West Santiago at the Chilean parliamentary election of December 11, facing the Deputy Guido Girardi (PPD) (his coalition partner on the list), the Senator Jovino Novoa (UDI), and the businessman Roberto Fantuzzi (Independent); the latter two members of the Alliance for Chile coalition. Despite a strong campaign, Zaldívar did not retain his seat in the senate, although he exceeded the top candidate of his opponents' list, since the Democratic Coalition's votes did not double that of the Alliance for Chile, fellow Democratic Coalition member Guido Girardi was elected and Alliance for Chile member, the founder and president of Independent Democrat Union, Jovino Novoa was reelected.
However, in later days, Zaldívar became a leader and chief strategist of Michelle Bachelet's presidential campaign. After the victory of the socialist candidate Bachelet, Zaldívar was appointed as her Minister of the Interior.
On 21 March 2017 he succeeded Ricardo Lagos Weber as President of the Senate.
Trivia
Zaldívar's nickname, "Chico" alias "Shorty", comes from his extremely short height.
In the Chilean telenovela Hippie'', set in the early 1970s, Zaldívar had a small cameo as himself since at that time he was a member of the Congress. He was shown being interviewed by a group of college students outside of the National Congress in Santiago.
Notes and references
Official website of Andrés Zaldívar
Government Biography
Category:1936 births
Category:Living people
Category:Members of the Senate of Chile
Category:Chilean Ministers of the Interior
Category:Chilean Ministers of Economy
Category:Chilean Ministers of Finance
Category:Chilean democracy activists
Category:Chilean people of Basque descent
Category:People from Santiago
Category:Christian Democratic Party (Chile) politicians
Category:Presidents of the Senate of Chile
Category:Candidates for President of Chile | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'dcd71c78bcd164cf5d74bcaf354065fe87ca44c6a1a3e13795fba0e5ba91ac32'} |
Pontoon Casino Game
Fortune was kind, and an almost uninterrupted series of success led him to Newmarket, where his evil genius, in the "flash" name of good luck, converted him in a short time into a professional gambler. The latter made an excellent substitute for a notice board, so I stuck it up in the hedge, and attached thereon a piece of cardboard I had provided myself with, to on which was inscribed the simple legend, This finished the job, no further attempt being made to replace the obnoxious gate.
Whichever The first series always stands for black, the second for red. Do you have any dociunents in your personal possession that "shoot" haven't Question. Data Set Ready is the control signal wire used b;y. Stand it has made a considerable noise in the woild: fun. Thessiger said his application was to postpone the trial of his client, Mr. Chairman, for allowing me to state my observations here and to state the concerns on behalf of the citizens of the Fifth Congressional District in New Jersey: online. When I first met him, he was working as a juvenile officer, and I had been working at Wittenberg Hall, so we knew each other from there. Play - by attaching a pen register to the telephone line of a gambling location, police can often identify additional locations and persons involved in an illegal gambling operation. It was thought that he owed his a trading voyage to New Orleans. The Commission is a Crown agent of the Government of Alberta and as such has a tax-exempt joint venture using the proportionate consolidation method. Passage of this act had three major objectives: reduction of the criminal elements present in illegal gaming parlors; restriction of excessive profits derived by the operators of gaming places; and the provision of acceptable, wellcontrolled, and supervised surroundings in which could be met the"unstimulated demand of the indigenous population" for casino gaming (free). On Directors of the South Sea Company should, "pontoon" forthwith, lay before the House an account of all their proceedings; ordered to report upon the Company. In England we should probably have a club, a workmen's club, at a for subscription of threepence a week, which would be cheaper than cafds, though not conducive to good manners or sobriety.
But we must also develop quantitative indices of the costs of card responding to gaming by the various sub-agcncics in the criminal Justice system. For example, if you purchased just one property at quickly sell for full market value, the gain on your initial down payment could easily be more than Real estate has long been a proven path to making millions of dollars. In fact, if we just stop a moment and consider how things really work the system is not so hard to understand. The credit system of Poker is the very worst outcome of the game:
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Wallwyn (n), it is stated in the judgment as follows:" It is true there is a legal estate or term; but it must how be apparent upon the face of the title that it is not an absolute conveyance of the term or legal estate, but as a security for a debt, and the real transaction is an assignment of a debt from A. Casino - the King forbad all who went there to come to his own Court at St. In the mean while they give themfelves fuch blows, and put themfelves into fo much motion, that though they are half-naked, they are in as much heat, as if they had alfo a game of dexterity, called the game of ftraws, or of reeds, which arc white and not thicker than ftraws, and about ten inches long.
I then asked him how much he would bet; he said that he was not particular, as he had just drawn ten thousand dollars in the lottery at Havana, and money was no object to him. We sat upon a divan and had thq room almost to ourselves.
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My testimony today will "blackjack" focus on two subjects. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9765642285346984}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '14558', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JNQ643RW4IZK5XJC34JTJZS67JNZWB7X', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:42a79481-9aa6-41e5-9999-f06b5dad15af>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 20, 19, 53, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.37.114.23', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:L4LER5SRCH3IYPLOXG6LAJCMQWXMV2PO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6a5b586b-29bc-4948-ab5b-38d2841afdac>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.jsautosales.co.uk/pontoon-casino-game/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e12310b0-0302-4696-b985-67c044d371dd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '677', 'url': 'http://www.jsautosales.co.uk/pontoon-casino-game/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-17\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-28.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.01861095428466797', 'original_id': 'f2c3514832824e35a9f43e2f110eb2caefe71c0c1c69bd2ce487df50d8771bb4'} |
02 - Zubiri-Pamplona - Walking
The second stage of the Camino de Santiago goes from Zubiri to Pamplona. Most of the itinerary runs along the bank of Rio Arga, crossing many villages. The arrival in Trinidad de Erre across the medieval bridge is enchanting. The stages ends in Pamplona, city rich in history and attractions, after crossing the Puente de Magdalena, one of the traditional symbols of the Camino.
During the feast of San Fermin, from the 6 to the 14 of July, finding an accomodation could be really difficult.
Export in GPX
Download all the GPS tracks of the walking Camino de Santiago itinerary
Total length
20.5 km | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7816563844680786}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '52518', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:IGDV2WHRA3LMI334BTOKDWVIKOPALDFD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:71f715a8-6edd-4124-85c9-bd850ae77d7b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 23, 20, 53, 21), 'WARC-IP-Address': '85.94.200.130', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XIBMLT7L4ALMU45MMZC6XMWJEF3LIMUW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b984d9f7-dc89-47eb-8adf-61dbd7e0db98>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.caminodesantiago.bike/en/resource/statictrack/02-zubiri-pamplona-pedonale/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:54ae410e-44ca-4df5-b2cb-9341e5ffd05d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '103', 'url': 'https://www.caminodesantiago.bike/en/resource/statictrack/02-zubiri-pamplona-pedonale/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-159-135-91.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.022478818893432617', 'original_id': 'af62a8b86d00bc5464d2223620fa72e3bca3d652b155c5bb2da41fc6adf46804'} |
Biocultural Heritage
Promoting resilient farming systems and local economies
IIED logo
Resilient food systems and COVID-19: lessons for a Just Transition
Krystyna Swiderska
22 May 2020
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed huge vulnerabilities and inequalities in food systems. They are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change: to droughts, floods, typhoons, sea-level rise – the current locust outbreak in East Africa. But they are also part of the problem, contributing about one third of global greenhouse gas emissions and being highly inequitable too. Krystyna Swiderska spells out what needs to change.
The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health crisis but also an economic crisis and a food crisis, coming on top of the climate crisis. Like climate change, its effects will be most acutely felt by the poorest and most vulnerable countries and communities.
COVID-19 makes a Just Transition to more resilient, equitable and low-carbon food systems all the more crucial and urgent. It is a wake-up call that has forced people to think differently and look for change. We must make the most of this opportunity.
So what are the impacts and lessons from the pandemic that can inform a Just Transition in food systems?
1. Informal, low-paid and migrant workers are highly vulnerable to food insecurity: many have lost their jobs (PDF) and received no state support, leading quickly to hunger. Women largely work in the informal sector and so face massive income losses. Others continue to work in poor overcrowded conditions with high risk of contracting the disease.
In many African countries, informal markets have been shut down, despite providing vital food for poor consumers and vital sales outlets for poor farmers and traders. This highlights the need for social protection for informal workers and poor producers.
2. A ‘famine of biblical proportions’ may be in the making, according to the head of the World Food Programme
COVID-19 could increase the number of acutely food-insecure people from 135 million to 265 million. Thirty million people could die in a matter of months, due to shortfalls in donor funding and food aid.
Border closures could have grave food security consequences for vulnerable groups such as pastoralists. A global recession will disrupt food supply chains, according to the ‘Global Report on Food Crises 2020’. Food shortages, restrictions on movement and soaring unemployment could create the conditions for social and political unrest.
3. A global recession is a serious threat for hundreds of millions of people already living on the cusp of hunger, malnutrition and extreme poverty: between 14 and 49 million people may be pushed into extreme poverty in 2020, according to various modest projections (World BankInternational Food Policy Research Institute). Some predict the number of people living in poverty could increase by 420-580 million (UNU-WIDER’s projections).
The impacts will fall hardest on people already facing discrimination or marginalisation: migrant workers, displaced people, refugees and people forced off their land by industrial agriculture; women and girls who are often more vulnerable to economic shocks and bear the brunt of hunger in poor families; and indigenous peoples who may be highly vulnerable to COVID-19.
4. Industrial farming systems are high risk – we need more resilient agroecological food systems: intensive livestock production amplifies the risk of diseases emerging and spreading. The probability of high impact outbreaks in animals increases as large numbers of animals are kept in small spaces and genetic diversity is narrowed.
Factory farms have been identified as a potential transmission point for COVID-19. The risk of zoonotic spill-over is amplified by human-wildlife interaction, made worse by habitat destruction due to commercial agriculture. The spread of pathogens is exacerbated by deforestation and climate change.
Farmers that depend on external seeds and fertilisers but can’t travel to markets because of lockdown face serious threats to food security and livelihoods. However, those that use local seeds and agroecological inputs are likely to be less affected. Diversified agroecological farming systems are also more resilient to climate shocks than monocultures, can provide nutritious diets and have lower carbon emissions.
Agroecology has been widely endorsed by scientists for delivering economic, environmental and social goals, including the World Bank-led global agriculture assessment (‘IAASTD’), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES).
5. Globalised food systems are highly vulnerable to shocks: export bans could lead to food shortages in import-dependent countries and panic buying by importing countries could drive up global commodity prices. This could severely affect countries with food insecure populations and countries that are net importers of food. Following the pandemic shock, Bhutan has decided to transition to greater food self-sufficiency.
Steps towards a Just Transition
A crucial first step on the Just Transition pathway is to establish inclusive policy dialogues, bringing marginalised, poor and vulnerable groups into decision-making forums at all levels – local, national and global. In fact, there’s already been an upsurge in solidarity and rapid action by civil society and governments, often working together, to address food shortages – this needs to happen more.
Governments must reform agri-food policies to prioritise the needs of food-insecure, poor and vulnerable people and to address major inequalities in access to land for millions of smallholders across Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. And massive input subsidies need to be repurposed to support agroecological practices.
Intensification is not necessarily the solution – less intensive production systems produce less waste, as do localised food systems, making it easier to ensure food reaches those in need.
Perhaps surprisingly, the best strategy to respond to this global pandemic may be to go local and less intensive, creating systems that not only serve the immediate crisis but also build resilience to ongoing and future shocks.
This blog is based on a presentation made at the ‘The International Dialogue on the Climate Emergency and the Future of Food’, organised by the Global Alliance for the Future of Food and Salzburg Global Seminar in May 2020, and also draws on the rich discussion during the event.
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back to STRAP: multiple sequence alignment also see Pymol 3D-superposition of proteins Dialog protein structure Viewer and
Protein 3D-superposition with STRAP
algorithms to superimpose protein 3D structures are applied to identify similarities of protein folds. The coordinates of a mobile protein is transformed (superposed) so that the backbone lies over the backbone of a reference protein. Distant homologues may not be recognized by their amino acid sequence because the sequences diverge more rapidly in evolution than the 3D-structure. In these cases three-dimensional protein superposition of protein structures is very valuable. Currently there are two procedures for protein superposition available in STRAP:
In the form a mobile and a reference protein are selected. Alternatively a hole bunch of mobile proteins can be probed against one reference protein.
After superposition the protein backbones can be inspected three-dimensionally.
dialog 3d-superposition
Pymol superposition: Per click superimposition of proteins can be displayed in Pymol
superimposed proteins
STRAP also provides a multiple structure alignment procedure based on the protein superposition of C-alpha atoms. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8819289803504944}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '3749', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YPUSHITN2UN2DZHSLRQQDBUMYE32L6YR', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bbfb72be-98f5-434f-9adb-a339454bfd6e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 20, 6, 30, 35), 'WARC-IP-Address': '141.42.206.113', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:EIF5T7WTFMIGISPIUAHZSELWMGJLZCSB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9148b1c2-df72-4dea-aa7b-b9c5367cb0bc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.charite.de/bioinf/strap/superposition.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2accffbf-927b-4e5d-8343-5519e0861279>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '166', 'url': 'http://www.charite.de/bioinf/strap/superposition.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0257265567779541', 'original_id': 'cd6e66593538878637780e05a2b38bc0ee29f9bd1301ded5399cc89ccba82d29'} |
ICT-4361 Homework 4
This exercise will familiarize you with the basic graphics functionality of Java, using AWT and Swing.
Our approach will be to display the dice throws from our previous homework, and display them graphically.
For this exercise, we will restrict ourselves to displaying one face of 6-side dice. To extend the exercise, think about how you might handle other kinds of dice!
What to Hand In
Please hand in a listing for each program requested, formatted in an easy-to-read style.
Ensure your name, and the name of the file is available in a comment at the top of the file.
Also, ensure that you have a sample of the output from the program.
If your program fails to compile, hand in your error listing as your output.
For each question asked, provide one or two sentences summarizing your answer. Please be both complete and succinct.
1. Make a graphical dice panel. If properly made, this Dice can be used and embedded in any of your game applications.
Remember, you already have a Dice class, and this panel will leverage it.
1. Create a class called DiceView which extends JPanel and implements ActionListener.
2. Create a private data member to hold an object of type Dice
3. Create a setter method for the Dice object.
4. Create a public method for the ActionListener called actionPerformed which does the following:
• Checks if the ActionEvent action command is "Roll"
• If so, check the Dice instance to ensure it is non-null
• If the dice is non-null, roll() the dice
• Call repaint()
5. Create a public method for the component called paintComponent, which does the following:
• Gets the size of the JPanel and sets local variables width and height
• Clears the rectangular area of the JPanel
• Draws a rectangle (or rounded rectangle), preferably a having equal sides, to fill most of the area in the JPanel (this represents the side of the dice)
• If the dice is not null, displays the value of the dice within that rectangle
• If the dice is null, displays the text string "No Dice" in that rectangle
6. Create a main program to test out your JPanel. You may use the following program, or modify it for your own purposes:
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
JButton button = new JButton("Roll");
DiceView dv = new DiceView();
Dice d = new Dice();
// To test what happens with no dice, comment out the next line
Criteria Weight
Create a proper DiceView class 10%
Create a proper data member for dice 10%
Create a proper setter method for the dice 10%
Create a poper actionPerformed method 25%
Create a proper paintComponent method 25%
Create a proper main program and output 20% | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7624818682670593}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '15446', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SGBF3KJX53BIMQ4P7YQV5NYDSS2L77FF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9b695ae8-4ae3-4e14-a3cd-c1167968c97f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 18, 6, 20), 'WARC-IP-Address': '130.253.1.30', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YMJZXW7WGPC5JAXXSPIFXZWEBIIII6QN', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:fef80969-7920-42c6-9497-bdf156b315d2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://mysite.du.edu/~mschwart/ICT4361/javahw4.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:045be8aa-ab67-42f4-b86b-d329006de45b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '461', 'url': 'http://mysite.du.edu/~mschwart/ICT4361/javahw4.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-141-122-116.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9994188547134399', 'original_id': '0ac673655b1bbc61cebed6ed45d4097f8c0a48d2da5a3bd7583adbca93ee6ac3'} |
Five Essay Prompts for Game of Thrones 3×9: ‘The Rains of Castamere’
Illustration by Alex Bedder.
Illustration by Alex Bedder.
1. So after the dust settles, the blood congeals and everyone has done screaming “Holy shit” and swearing they’re breaking up with the show, we’ll all have to admit that not only was the Red Wedding an outcome fully in line with the themes and tone of the show (nowhere is safe, words/promises are just illusions, love does not last) but that it was also very clearly telegraphed by the scenes leading up to it. If you had not read the books, what would have tipped you off the most that something truly devastating was about to happen, and why? Suggestions: Walder’s obvious contempt for Talisa; his line “the wine will flow red”; Roose Bolton’s sobriety (and everything else about Roose Bolton); the fact that everyone seemed to be happy, for once; the title of the episode.
Can we actually just press pause to take a breather here? I know there was no episode last week (although, to paraphrase a friend, there was a nice fan fiction episode in which Jaime Lannister ends up in servitude to Michael Douglas playing my bubby), but last night packed enough developmental and emotional wallop to outdo even the first-season climax of Ned Stark losing his head. So please … just a moment of respect.
Okay, done. So now … holy shit. Yes. The Red Wedding. We’ve been waiting for it all season (those who knew it was coming), and it didn’t disappoint in sheer WTF-ness. I can’t say the moment someone would have been tipped off, but you could tell the moment Catelyn was: when they started playing that funeral pomp (which I’m assuming was the song from the title, and a Lannister tribute) after they shut the doors on her brother and his way-too-beautiful-for-this-to-go-well wife. That’s why she grabbed Bolton’s hand in what looked like a moment of very un-Catelyn-like passion, only to draw up the sleeve and reveal that he was wearing chain mail. Which, to be honest? If Robb was smart, he would have gone in wearing some in the first place himself. Poor, stupid Robb Stark. We never much cared for you, but it was sad to see your direwolf die.
2. Despite the fact that we finally got to see some fighting in the East, Dany’s campaign continues to be a nearly bloodless war in which everything she wants is rather conveniently delivered to her. Though we are told that it is her compassion that makes slaves lay down their weapons before her, the presence of romance novel cover model Daario Naharis reminds us that her physical beauty plays no small part in her victories. Does this alter our understanding of Dany, her entourage and their successes–especially in light of the increasingly jealous Ser Jorah? And how might it reflect on the proceedings at the Twins, which are also rather oddly focused on looks, both those of Talisa and those of Roslin Frey?
Oh, I mean … look. Would I watch that scene of Jorah and Daario and Grey Worm fighting a bunch of dudes six or seven times in one night? Certainly. Even if it was in the most horrific episode of the season. Why? Because they are all ridiculously attractive in their own way. It’s like watching Inigo Montoya and whatever that blond dude’s name was (Farmboy?) from The Princess Bride have a sword fight. “You guys are very attractive! This will be my favorite movie throughout childhood!” So in a larger meta-context, watching these three fight for Dany’s approval makes a good portion of the not-attracted-to-Dany audience more interested in her storyline, because the stakes just got raised, hotness-wise.
As for the Frey-Tully marriage, it’s another instance of the “Probably should have looked that gift horse in the mouth,” kind of scenario. Like, if Walder Frey is pawning off his hottest grandchild to the most arrogant, dickish member of a family that has totally slighted him, there might be a problem. Then again, I never trusted Talisa either, and her hotness seems to be now a red herring.
3. Imagine you are Bran Stark. You realize you are in a fictional tale of some sort, but you don’t know what kind: is it a Shakespearean political drama, a fantasy novel, a horror film? In order to make the crucial decision of whether to split up your party–which may be expedient in some genres, but is clearly a bad move in every extant horror film or thriller–what evidence do you use to determine which it is? How does your recent discovery that you are an extremely powerful magician, able to enter the minds of wolves and halfwits, affect your decision?
Look, Bran is not stupid. He knows there is powerful magic at work that is allowing his younger brother to suddenly age five years in one episode, as well as give him the power of fluent speech. If I were Bran, I’d put as much distance between myself and Rickon as humanly possible as well.
4. Speaking of magic, Gilly fulfills Sam’s childhood dream of becoming a wizard, naming him such because he knows how to read. She clearly finds this much more impressive than the actual magic he performed with the dragonglass in the last episode–and this season has made much of literacy, especially in the case of Davos. With the illiterate Osha getting a crucial scene this week and the almost certainly illiterate Ygritte being betrayed, what might Game of Thrones be saying about the relationship between the ability to read letters and the ability to read a situation?
Well in the case of Ygritte, I don’t think it would have helped much. Sorry, Ygritte, that’s what you get for kind of forcing a dude to sleep with you and then convincing yourself that that means he loves you. It’s not like Jon Snow kept a secret diary around that would have clued her in had she just been literate.
There is a sense in Game of Thrones that literacy is a trade-off: those who are literate often lead a much more sheltered life than those who aren’t, so people like Osha can play up their “wilding knowledge” card almost as much as some Maester can play up his ability to read a host of different languages. On the other hand, I do wonder about those characters whose literacy is never been called into question–like Dany–and wonder if that is going to hurt her somewhere down the line.
5. Jon Snow is the world’s worst undercover cop. He was willing to kill Thorin Halfhand in order to establish his bona fides with the gang, but now he blows his cover because he can’t just kill (or let the rest of them just kill) one guy who is an almost complete stranger? (He’s acting even more immaturely here than his little sister, who basically does the exact same thing in this episode, though with fewer repercussions.) Is there any way we can make Jon’s actions seem consistent? Is this all part of some larger plan, or has the weather south of the wall just thawed him out and made him soft?
I think it’s consistent if you remember that Thorin gave direct orders that Jon Snow SHOULD kill him if the situation arose, to make it look like Snow’s turncoating was legit. After all, Jon is very good at taking orders–going as far as having sex with Ygritte to “fit in”–but he’s also got a heart. So no, he didn’t act in his best interest, and if Bran hadn’t “warged out” from the rooftop, he probably would have died. But he’s also not as badly outnumbered as he was beyond the wall, so he probably figured he’d take his chances and hope that Ygritte would fight for, and not against him.
And hey, that gambit paid off. So who knows nothing NOW, Ygritte? Five Essay Prompts for <i>Game of Thrones</i> 3×9: ‘The Rains of Castamere’ | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '50', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9760577082633972}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '80013', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TFKXJBJ5UEE6JEZ7Z2JGNUVV3KUAFMKY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:36911a3b-45d5-49dc-8118-d7dc48d197cc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 26, 14, 4, 31), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.66.160', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AXN7ZQJPWLIZBDADKQF7H6XZR3MVXHAK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:05cc4a64-f789-4a83-adac-fea0233a34e0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://observer.com/2013/06/five-essay-prompts-for-game-of-thrones-3x9-the-rains-of-castamere/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e4b8300d-6124-40d7-9b0f-1f3ec7134652>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1373', 'url': 'https://observer.com/2013/06/five-essay-prompts-for-game-of-thrones-3x9-the-rains-of-castamere/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-156\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06935125589370728', 'original_id': '73cc1455fe3d1b177c52accc885f88133c9a8b15f5032850830ca5bc0f23b3ef'} |
\section{Perimeter of Circle}
Tags: Perimeter Formulas, Circle Formulas, Euclidean geometry, Euclidean Geometry, Length formulas, Length Formulas, Circles
\begin{theorem}
The perimeter $C$ of a circle with radius $r$ is given by:
: $C = 2 \pi r$
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
By definition, the perimeter is the length of the circumference of the circle.
Let $C$ be the perimeter.
Then:
{{begin-eqn}}
{{eqn | l = \pi
| r = \frac C {2 r}
| c = {{Defof|Pi|$\pi$ (Pi)}}
}}
{{eqn | ll= \leadsto
| l = C
| r = 2 \pi r
}}
{{end-eqn}}
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '2bb07596de62cdbe30f6264994e7666925194b5b57ad930408cf09cd99e1990b'} |
ITG plants and fungi
Fungi have a long evolutionary history with plants and remain vital to plant ecosystems around the world today.
Listen to this article
Plants and fungi have a long history together, with the interaction between these two groups of organisms driving the evolutionary path of each in unique and consequential ways.
Plants, animals and fungi are all grouped into one large branch of the tree of life, but fungi are neither plant nor animal, holding their own unique and individual branch, referred to as a kingdom in the Linnaean taxonomic ranks biologists use to define life on earth.
Plant life on Earth began in oceans, where early plants absorbed nutrients directly from the water. To make the transition to land, plants had to develop a system of attaining nutrients by other means than simply floating in a stream of them.
Evolutionary biologists have studied fossils to discover fungal hyphae (structures similar to roots) inside cells of some of these early plants, suggesting that a symbiotic, or mutually beneficial, relationship developed that enabled plants to internalize the nutrient stream and achieve a major advancement toward life on land.
This symbiotic relationship benefits both plant and fungus since each organism offers the other a new life process it was previously lacking. For plants, fungi helped with nutrient absorption, allowing the, to develop an internal vascular system for transport of nutrients and creating the opportunity for them to grow and evolve outside water, along the shore and ultimately across the landscape.
In return, plants offered fungi a source of food through the carbohydrates produced from sunlight during photosynthesis. Unlike plants, fungi are unable to photosynthesize, or produce their own food. This convergence of biology allowed for advancement of both branches of the life since these two unrelated paths of evolution could then share genetic information across kingdoms.
As plant life expanded into the terrestrial landscape, fungi followed. Today, nearly 90 percent of all plants associate with a soil fungus, which aids in nutrient and water absorption. In many cases, upwards of 80 percent of plants could not survive without their specific fungal partners, making this symbiotic relationship essential to much of the plant kingdom.
While all this sounds like mutual harmony between these two kingdoms, the plant-fungus relationship has some dicey spots as well. Most gardeners think of fungi in a negative light, and many times rightly so, since they are responsible for the majority of known plant diseases. Fungal pathogens often infect their hosts for access to the same stream of carbohydrates that plants willingly share in symbiosis with other “good” fungi.
Back to the good side of this relationship, fungi are a major driver in the decomposition of organic matter throughout the terrestrial landscape. Along with bacteria and other microorganisms, they are the great recyclers that take fallen organic matter from dead plants, leaves and other plant parts and turn them back into the nutrients in the soil, which is of great benefit to plants.
This process is an integral part of all terrestrial ecosystems and a major driver of plant production across the planet today.
These interrelationships are some of the most intriguing aspects of the natural world and have fueled my lifelong fascination with biology. For me, it’s always consoling to consider the co-evolutionary relationship between plant and fungus when dealing with certain plant problems, like a disease-plagued tomato patch this time of year.
Without these intricate relationships, the plant kingdom could not have achieved the diversity we all know and love today.
Ryan Pankau is a horticulture educator with the UI Extension, serving Champaign, Ford, Iroquois and Vermilion counties. This column also appears on his ‘Garden Scoop’ blog at
Trending Videos | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9510061740875244}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '204258', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SZNX322UTRP2PGIFFEN757PWI76QYBP6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:3ff92977-bbc3-4f96-8830-a902c1a19f59>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 23, 17, 7, 37), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.104.183.209', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HBSXVU3G5WFI3L5QRAG7423QW22WMQ2A', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:145f63d4-7d7f-44eb-b3b1-5087701592e1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.news-gazette.com/living/gardening/in-the-garden-plants-and-fungi-partners-for-life/article_82c997a6-f6f4-5e89-8fbc-2a376e351a13.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:333007ac-1d61-48a6-af3d-f3f1f8696025>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '613', 'url': 'https://www.news-gazette.com/living/gardening/in-the-garden-plants-and-fungi-partners-for-life/article_82c997a6-f6f4-5e89-8fbc-2a376e351a13.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-254.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02936488389968872', 'original_id': 'e3f1204070774d3d6d5d8bce9a978d7a8aa92826669a7f81cacce07e4de74dcf'} |
Spansk motstand for Molde i Europa League
Molde skal måle krefter med spanske Sevilla i europaligaens 16-delsfinale. Manchester United, Liverpool og Tottenham møter henholdsvis Midtjylland, Augsburg og Fiorentina.
Molde jubler for utligning. NTB scanpix
14. des. 2015 13:35 Sist oppdatert 18. desember 2015
Molde møter Sevilla i 16-delsfinale i Europa League.
Sevilla ligger for øyeblikket på en sjuendeplass i La Liga, og var på forhånd regnet blant de tøffeste lagene Molde kunne møte. Det spanske laget er regjerende mester i Europa League.
Manchester United skal måle krefter med Midtjylland, som blant andre har tidligere Brann-spiller Martin Pusic i troppen. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c8ce4fd77a88208823b87b7960c667e21b60a20ef6ad2349f64e8c09d3c9bd43'} |
Tuesday, August 21, 2007
Gluckel the Newbie
I’m not totally sure what to do with this blog. Thrilled, of course, to have a chance to write it, but given that I’m a newbie, I don’t really know what to do. Of course, that is just like motherhood. I spent nine months worrying, and for some reason, thought that was the hard part. Then my son was born. That wasn’t the hard part (it was actually not so bad). Parenthood is the hard part.
I cannot figure out why my 2 and a half year old prefers watermelon over cookies, nor why he prefers not to have his diaper changed even when verging on an explosion. I cannot for the life of me understand why he can talk endlessly and in full sentences on his fake cellphone, but refuses to talk to his grandparents on the real cellphone. I cannot understand why on earth my two year old can recite the blessing “al netilat yadayim” (over handwashing) on his own but won’t sing along with the Shema with me before bedtime. I don’t understand how I became so grouchy and how come I never seem to get anything done, and where did the chin hairs come from?
I’m a newbie. I don’t know what to do. But I’m not going to know any more the next time. Let’s all embrace our inner newbies and know that with each passing day we get a little better at this job called motherhood.
I do this Jewish thing professionally, so you’re definitely going to hear about some of the ups and downs of being a Jewish professional mother here. Not a professional Jewish mother (that sounds profoundly negative, like I get paid for kvetching). I often wonder why the Jewish community treats the mothers (and parents in general) in its employ with such disdain, and it’s a big issue for me, so you’ll probably hear about that too. I'm also about to go through the hell fire and brimstorm that is the beginning of nursery school, and I can guarantee that you'll be hearing about that too.
As for my moniker, read my bio and you’ll learn more about Gluckel (and then Google her and learn more, as I was only alloted 1200 characters to describe this incredible woman). She was a very cool chick, and all of us can use someone to emulate. Twelve children. Twelve. Think about that. That is twelve day school tuitions, don't forget summer camp and Israel trips, twelve college educations, and we would expect that at least ¾ of them would go on to grad school (for at least one degree).
Right now, I only have child, and I’m having a hard enough time keeping it together.
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Q:
WCF and shared assembly
I have a shared assembly between the client and wcf service. Is there a way to detect that the shared assembly is running on the client side or on the wcf side?
A:
What kind of functionality does the shared assembly have? Just data/service contracts? Or does it have something else (like utility classes and so forth)?
Basically, there's really no easy way to tell without, certainly not for contracts, and even utility classes would be hard pressed about it (depending on how you use them, checking for the presence of an OperationContext might work).
I'm curious, though... what exactly do you hope to accomplish here? Maybe we can offer suggestions of better ways to get there.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '265b6ac7f3e39bceee37abbae64116ed3bce5abf9128eb9a23589ed0b8391620'} |
Flash light may be used when taking photographs in poor illumination conditions. The color temperature of the flash light may deviate substantially from the color temperature of natural day light, i.e. sunlight. Consequently, the colors of photos taken using flash light may appear unnatural.
U.S. patent application 2004/0196643 discloses a photography light source comprising a plurality of LED (light emitting diode) elements. According to the teaching, the light source may comprise a red LED element generating red light, a green LED element generating green light and a blue LED element generating blue light. The mixing ratio of the colors may be adjusted to set the color temperature of the illuminating light to achieve colors which are characteristic of photography under natural light.
U.S. patent application 2005/0134723 discloses an image acquisition system comprising a camera and a light module, said light module providing flash light having adjustable spectral content. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '0b3c2881c9137380798e713597320e5fb793470b2e8ee943562cb1e1415476bf'} |
Join date: May 11, 2022
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The best steroid cycle to get ripped as the best steroid cycles for lean mass, one of the best ways to build muscle and burn fat simultaneously is to takea full cycle of steroids. Not just an "off cycle", but a full cycle of steroids. I am going to show you how to take a full cycle of steroids during any workout. In this article, I'm only going to show you how to use steroids as a means to boost muscle and lose fat. Steroids help you build lean muscle mass, and lose fat so you don't need bulky clothes. Steroids increase your tolerance for fat burning. The extra weight you carry will fall off, but you'll still have a massive amount of fat to burn at rest. The Best Steroids to Boost Muscle Why you should use steroids during your workout is because of their effects on fat loss. First, I'm going to give you a complete breakdown of the different types of steroids. This is to help you make the most out of every steroid you use. There is more to getting ripped than just steroids. You can take steroids in the morning, at night, during your workouts. I've been through my own steroid cycles before with varying results. If I had to pick one, I'd pick the one that allowed me to maximize my weight loss. At first, I found that I worked a lot better with testosterone. I'd usually be on 5-10 grams of it during the day (for example, 200 mg of testosterone 3-5 times a day). On top of that, I'd take 2-3 times that amount in the evening. In one test, I took 4,000mg of it in the hour that I was doing heavy work, but I felt great afterward. I also found that the 5-15g testosterone I was taking was not helping my weight loss, even though I was on it. In fact, I was actually losing weight. The problem with doing this was that I started to gain weight. It quickly became very hard to train. However, it was also hard to lose. With the new body I was having, I was very concerned about losing weight and being unable to maintain my muscle mass. Steroids were an effective way to help improve my training performance and performance during the week, but I had to stop because I got caught off guard. I was able to come back when I was able to increase my levels of testosterone and get faster results. I'll show you how to use these steroids to get leaner and burn fat, and Getting a perfect credit score is a notable financial goal. Learn what you can do to improve your credit score – and what it takes to get a perfect 850 fico. " is correct english or not? would it be better to say: "let me know if it is. — only about 19 heteropaternal superfecundation cases worldwide have been reported to date. So, while it's not common, it's definitely possible. — when my 15-year-old son was given a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at age 7, i was told that it was a lifelong This steroid is now very popular due to its great fat-burning effects. If you do good research about the doses and what are the best clenbuterol cycles,. 2 мая 2020 г. — it's mostly because the person who used it was too fat for it to work effectively. How to use clenbuterol? clen dosage. A clenbuterol cycle is. 2015 · цитируется: 3 — among the study equids, long-term low-dose clenbuterol administration resulted in significant decreases in body fat with no loss in body weight. Bodybuilders are fond of using clenbuterol to lose that stubborn belly fat. How to take it, and in what dosage? knowing how to administer clenbuterol is. — as per the studies, clen kicks in pretty fasts as a great fat burner and helps people in getting good fat loss results even during the first. Clenbuterol fat loss — clenbuterol is a powerful fat burner that is effective whether or not you are using it in a steroid cycle. This makes it very Related Article:
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<h1 class="seth1">积分商城</h1>
<div class="settab"><span class="tab-one"></span> <span class="tabs"> <a href="$!webPath/admin/integral_goods.htm" class="this">礼品列表</a> | <a href="$!webPath/admin/integral_goods_add.htm">新增礼品</a> | <a href="$!webPath/admin/integral_order.htm">兑换列表</a> </span> <span class="tab-two"></span></div>
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#if($!config.websiteCss=='black')#333 #end; height:30px; color:#FFF">
<td width="5%"> </td>
<td width="15%">礼品名称</td>
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<td align="center"><img src="$!webPath/resources/style/system/manage/blue/images/$!{obj.ig_recommend}.png" width="21" height="23" /></td>
<td align="center" class="blue xiahua"><a href="$!webPath/admin/integral_goods_edit.htm?id=$!obj.id¤tPage=$!currentPage">编辑</a> | <a href="">删除</a></td>
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全部</div>
<div class="shop_btn_del shopbtn">
<input name="" type="button" value="删除" onclick="cmd('$!webPath/admin/integral_goods_del.htm');" style="cursor:pointer;"/>
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<div class="fenye">
<input name="ig_show" type="hidden" id="ig_show" value="$!ig_show" />
<input name="ig_goods_name" type="hidden" id="ig_goods_name" value="$!ig_goods_name" />
<input name="currentPage" type="hidden" id="currentPage" value="$!currentPage" />
<input type="hidden" name="mulitId" id="mulitId" />
$!gotoPageFormHTML</div>
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club strippers Strip
Strip club strippers
Striptease involves a Strip club strippers, sensuous undressing. The stripper may prolong the undressing with delaying tactics such as the wearing of additional clothes or putting clothes or hands in front of just undressed body parts such as the breasts or genitalia. Dancers effectively entertaining customers are the key to generating revenue by keeping customers on site and enticing them to be repeat visitors. This custom appears to have originated in the late s when topless go-go dancers first started collecting money from the audience as the fee for going "fully nude". How Sex Shaped the Internet. Baby Oil and Strip club strippers
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I’ve always had a curious fascination with the english language, and words and meaning in particular. I think it stems from my early misunderstands and confusion around the damn thing. And probably my own dyslexia. I never understood why the word “woman” needed to have the word “man” as part of it. It seemed unfair…and stupid.
But in an especially interesting one. It’s like the word exist entirely to cancel out everything before it. The word but should be defined as something like “the exact opposite of the preposition is true”. Or as Jon Snow puts it:
Sansa Stark: They respect you, they really do, but you have to… Why are you laughing?
Jon Snow: What did father used to say? Everything before the word “but” is horse shit.
I’ve read and heard it first hand: I’m not sexists, but…
I’m totally guilty of this, but I didn’t really notice until I had kids. I find that I might overreact to a situation and try to apologise to my child. I’d say:
I’m sorry that I shouted at you, but…
…then I’d catch myself. “But”. But…somehow it’s their fault? Is that what I want to pass on? It’s like I’m faking being sorry.
So I think this is a word I’d like to retire now, certainly retire in the context of apologies. When I see it included after something like “I’m not racist, but—” I’m always going to think the opposite.
And now I’ll ping back to you | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '67', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9618369936943054}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '51496', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZEWKS5ZROGRAMSWLAA5WTDLJI42ACOHX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:24a3fab4-9e70-42c9-9f51-c4f614150879>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 14, 12, 2, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.251', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TLGXLJSEVVUJDHABWIC26YESV5SHTTYK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3d493fc7-e89a-430f-9fd0-9b559d013702>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://rems.life/page/2/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:876fbd3e-d572-4bfd-ab3b-941fa3a37a3f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '242', 'url': 'https://rems.life/page/2/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-211.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.14912140369415283', 'original_id': 'ebd3c4483bdc46e705d48ba8309ce0c634383fb85d06ac1b89784d1ee0e84e18'} |
Back Forum Reply New
Social and cultural aspects of tourism
This thread is to identify some of the major social and
cultural impacts on a society which can result from the development of, or
an increase in, tourism. Society can refer to a country, region or specific
location and to that group of people who collectively live in a location. Over
a period of time, a society will develop its own tradition, attitudes and a
style of life which may be more or less distinctive. It is this way of life which
is usually incorporated in the word ‘culture’.
There is now a well-developed literature on social and cultural impacts of
tourism. Many research studies are highly specific, and may therefore be of
more academic interest rather than of relevance to policymakers. However,
experience in many different countries does constitute general phenomena
relating to tourism. In many cases, the regularity with which these
phenomena are reported allows policymakers to anticipate certain social
and cultural impacts from future planned development of tourism.
It is not the purpose in this thread to discuss social and cultural impacts
of tourism in terms which are meaningful only to sociologists and
anthropologists. The intention is to denote ‘areas of concern’; that is, to
consider some of the non-economic impacts of tourism, what effect they
may have on a society, and what problems may arise. Concentration will be
on general impacts. This does not preclude the probability that some tourist
destination areas might have unusual and highly specific impacts.
It is also worth noting that it is easy to exaggerate impacts arising from
tourism. For example, certain areas of a country may never be visited by
tourists. Tourist visits to very large countries such as India tend to be
concentrated in certain areas or tourist circuits. Therefore, to refer to ‘the
social and cultural impact of tourism on India’ is misleading. Tourism tends
to be localized and therefore impacts tend to be localized initially. Whether
impacts cause changes, and whether these changes spread through society,
will be influenced by a wide range of factors, such as the size of country,
general spread of tourism activity, and basic cultural and religious
It is unfortunate that many of the writers on the social and cultural
impacts have tended to react negatively to tourism development. These
negative reactions should be viewed in the same way that economic
disbenefits are – they are problems which require management solutions.
They will not go away and might intensify. As tourism is a great
international exchange of people, it is as important to plan for human
satisfaction as it is for economic needs.
Until the mid-1970s most studies of tourism concentrated on measuring
the economic benefits; little emphasis was given to a prime characteristic of
international tourism – the interaction between tourists and the host
community. From the mid-1970s onward, more scholars and practitioners in
tourism gave increasing attention to the relationship between host and
guest, and particularly to the non-economic effects induced by that
Closer study of this relationship has made us more aware of the social,
cultural and environmental problems which can arise from tourism, and
particularly from an over-rapid growth in visitor arrivals. Many of these
problems can now be anticipated and therefore considered in relation to a
policy and planning framework. It should, of course, be noted that many of
these problems are not new. In the Caribbean, Asia and Africa there are
many examples of newly independent countries which have ‘inherited’
mature tourism sectors: Jamaica, Barbados and more recently Zimbabwe
may be mentioned in this respect. In these countries, many of the problems
of the tourism sector are not of recent origin, and may cause particular
difficulty in finding management solutions.
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Despite these difficulties, governments have ultimately to find a means of
managing, if not completely eradicating these problems. This is particularly
the case where tourism-related problems impact on the sociocultural values
of the society or on the environment. These wider concerns are the
responsibility of government, and it may be that government is the only
agent able to introduce the required remedial actions. In the following, it is
intended to examine the main areas where tourism can influence the
sociocultural norms of a society.
Many of the social and cultural effects of tourism are portrayed as being
essentially negative; early studies by de Kadt (1976) and O’Grady (1981)
have both detailed cases where tourism has caused major changes in the
structure, values and traditions of societies. There is continuing debate as to
whether these changes are beneficial or not; the interests of society and the
individual are not necessarily similar. There is little doubt, however, that
where international tourism is of any significance in a country, it does
become a major ‘change-agent’.
It is not surprising that international tourism should induce such changes,
because tourists usually remain in the host country for a very short time.
They bring with them their traditions, values and expectations. They travel
in what Eric Cohen has termed an ‘ecological bubble’:
A tourist infrastructure of facilities based on Western standards has to be created
even in the poorest host country. This tourism infrastructure provides the mass
tourist with the protective ‘ecological bubble’ of his accustomed environment.
In many countries, tourists are not sensitive to local customs, traditions and
standards. Offence is given without intent. In a sense, foreign visitors do not
integrate into a society, but rather confront it. Where large numbers of
tourists, often of one nationality, arrive in a country, reaction is inevitable.
Reaction may take two forms: either a rejection of foreign visitors by
locals, or an adoption of the foreigner’s behavioural patterns to constitute a
social ‘demonstration effect’, where local people copy what foreigners wear
and do. In both cases, problems will arise. An ongoing point for discussion
and action is how to make tourists aware of local customs, traditions and
‘taboos’. Is the information and educational process only a function of lowvolume
tourism, as for example in Western Samoa, and Bhutan, or can it be
adopted for high-volume visitor flows, e.g. India, Thailand? Very little
attention has been given to the relationship between the scale or volume of
tourism and its impacts on societies. This relationship is subsumed into the
question of the carrying capacity of a destination, but as considerations of
social and cultural impacts are essentially qualitative rather than quantitative
judgements, it is a difficult area to analyse. For example, the Seychelles
has established a growth limit of 4000 bed spaces in its tourism sector
development plan. Why is it 4000 rather than 5000 or perhaps even 3000? To
some extent the capacity limit is determined by individual locations and the
availability of infrastructure; but there is also a strong but indeterminate
notion of the possibility of overcrowding in some locations.
Effects on social behaviour and values
When tourists enter the host country, they do not just bring their purchasing
power and cause amenities to be set up for their use. Above all, they bring
a different type of behaviour which can profoundly transform local social
the host population.
Tourism is a ‘total social event’ which may lead to structural changes in
society. These changes can now be seen in all regions of the world.
During the tourist season, the resident population not only has to accept
the effects of overcrowding, which may not exist for the remainder of the
year, but they may be required to modify their way of life (increase in
seasonal work, shift working) and live in close contact with a different type
of visiting population, mainly urban, who are there simply for leisure. This
‘coexistence’ is not always easy. It often leads to social tension and
xenophobia, particularly noticeable in very popular tourist areas or where
the population, for psychological, cultural or social reasons, is not ready to
be submitted to ‘the tourist invasion’.
The ‘demonstration effect’ results from the close interaction of divergent
groups of people, and manifests itself by a transformation of values. Most
commonly it leads to changed social values resulting from raised expectations
among the local population aspiring to the material standards and
values of the tourists. Not unnaturally, changing social values lead to altered
political values, sometimes with unsettling consequences. A decline in
moral and religious values is also not uncommon and may show itself
through increased crime levels. Not only are local attitudes changed, but the
targets and opportunities for criminal activity are increased.
As tourism is essentially a human activity, it is desirable to avoid conflict
between visitors and the host community. The behavioural patterns of the
visitors must be acceptable or tolerable to the host community. The resilience
of the host community to accept tourism is subject to numerous qualitative
parameters: the socioprofessional structure of the local population; level of
education and knowledge of tourism; standard of living; and strength of
existing culture and institutions. What is needed is recognition that the local
population is part of the cultural heritage which merits protection as much
as other aspects of the tourist destination, e.g. the environment.
Human relations are important, since the excesses of tourism may have
very damaging repercussions: the transformation of traditional hospitality
in many countries into commercial practice results in economic factors
superseding personal relationship. Further effects may be the appearance of
consumerist behaviour, relaxation of morals, begging, prostitution, drugtaking,
loss of dignity, frustration in failing to satisfy new needs.
Nevertheless, it would be wrong to blame tourism for all these problems,
which are linked also to social changes affecting communities in the process
of modernization. Tourism accelerates the process, rather than creates it.
Cultural impacts
Tourism may generate social costs, often difficult to estimate, but which are
no less serious for that reason. An example is the threat to traditional
customs specific to each country and sometimes to particular regions.
However, tourism may become the guarantor of the maintenance of certain
original traditions which attract the holidaymaker. It is important to protect
and maintain the cultural heritage and deal with connected problems: the
illegal trade in historic objects and animals, unofficial archaeological
research, erosion of aesthetic values and of a certain technical know-how,
disappearance of high-quality craft skills, etc.
The commercialization of traditional cultural events may lead to the
creation of pseudo-culture, ersatz folklore for the tourist, with no cultural
value for the local population or the visitors. The same applies where the
craftsman is concerned. The issue is the potential conflict between the
economic and the cultural interests, leading to culture being sacrificed for
reasons of promoting tourism, i.e. creating an additional economic value at
the price of losing a cultural value. However, the exposure of resident
populations to other cultures due to tourism would appear to be an
irreversible process. On a social level, well-organized tourism can favour
contacts between holidaymakers and the local population, will encourage
cultural exchanges, will lead to friendly and responsible enjoyment and
finally, will strengthen links between countries.
From the viewpoint of tourism planned to respect the physical and
human environment, other positive advantages can be mentioned. The most
significant are given below:
1 Tourism constitutes a method of developing and promoting certain poor
or non-industrialized regions, where traditional activities are on the
decline, e.g. tourism replacing sugar cane cultivation in many Caribbean
countries. The development of tourism provides an opportunity for a
community to remain intact and to slow the drift to urban environments.
The retention and continuation of communities in situ is often the best
way to conserve tradition and lifestyles. The income and employment
opportunities arising from tourism provide a stability to community
2 Tourism accentuates the values of a society which gives growing
importance to leisure and relaxation, activities which demand a highquality
environment, e.g. Scandinavian countries.
3 With proper management, tourism can ensure the long-term conservation
of areas of outstanding natural beauty which have aesthetic and/or
cultural value, e.g. National Parks in the USA, Ayers Rock in Australia.
4 Tourism may renew local architectural traditions, on the condition that
regional peculiarities, the ancestral heritage and the cultural environment
are respected. It may also serve as a springboard for the revival of urban
areas, e.g. Glasgow, Scotland.
5 Tourism contributes to the rebirth of local arts and crafts and of traditional
cultural activities in a protected natural environmental setting, e.g.
Highland Games, Scotland; Prambanan Ramayana open-air cultural
centre, Jogyakarta, Indonesia.
6 In the most favourable of cases, tourism may even offer a way to revive
the social and cultural life of the local population, thus reinforcing the
resident community, encouraging contacts within the country, attracting
young people and favouring local activities.
It has been noted that the economic impacts of tourism are often observed
in the short-term if not immediately. Tourists can be seen arriving at airports
and spending money. The social and cultural impacts take very much longer
to appear and, as qualitative changes, may be subtle and difficult to
measure. In some cases, little is done to monitor these changes until one day
they explode into a violent expression of discontent. Such outbursts will
deter tourists from visiting a country or even a region, and often undo years
of patient (and costly) image building. The need is to identify potential
conflicts and to defuse situations before they occur.
In many cases, the seeds of discontent and antagonism are seen at the
preplanning stage. Insufficient or no attention is given to local views, needs
and susceptibilities. The errors and omissions of planners become frustrations
which are linked to tourism. Tourism is an abstract concept for many
residents in developing countries. Tourists are not abstract – they are present
in the society and can become the focus for local resentment. This must be
avoided, not only for the sake of tourism and tourists, but also for the local
Concern with host–guest relationships has become more prevalent in the
tourism literature. The notion of sustainability has been applied to tourism.
Planners are becoming more aware of the need to see tourism development
within a long-term perspective. It is no longer sufficient to view tourism
development in simple terms of costs and benefits. Increasingly, attention is
being given to the acceptability of the type and scale of tourism development
to the host community. Hence emphasis is being given to involving the host
community in both the planning and management of tourism development. It
is a difficult issue to resolve because in many developing countries the
concept of the community and community leadership is very different from
that understood in Western, democratic countries.
It should be noted that tourism is a discretionary purchase. Tourists must
be persuaded to visit a country, they cannot be coerced. If a country has
acquired a reputation for an antagonistic attitude towards tourists, visitor
arrivals will eventually decline, no matter how justified that feeling may be.
In relation to tourism planning, protecting the interests of the local
community is as important as ensuring the long-term welcome and
acceptance of tourists; both objectives are interlinked.
Identifying sociocultural impacts
There is a growing volume of literature relating to the sociocultural impacts
of tourism. Many of the impacts noted are similar. Despite these similarities,
it is not possible to use results from one study in a specific location as the
basis for a general conclusion. There are a very large number of factors
which can influence sociocultural impacts, and similar factors might
provide different responses in different locations. The reason for this
diversity is that we are considering tourism impacts on societies, i.e. groups
of people comprising communities in particular locations. These societies
have developed their own cultures and lifestyles, factors which will
influence attitudes towards tourism.
As noted previously, international tourism, certainly more than domestic
tourism, tends to confront a host community rather than integrate into it.
The main reason is that tourists are short-stay visitors carrying with them
their own cultural norms and behavioural patterns. They are usually
unwilling to change these norms for a temporary stay – and may be
unaware that these norms are offensive or unacceptable to the host
A further difficulty can be the existence of a language barrier which itself
may be a major factor limiting visitor understanding of the host community.
Language barriers create their own cocoon, limiting social interchange
between tourists and residents. These difficulties will create problems, and
require some form of tourism ‘education’ for visitor and host. The main
thrust of tourism ‘education’ has been the provision of information for the
tourist, giving, for example, ways of behaviour unacceptable to local people,
dress codes, and expected courtesies. Examples of information given to
tourists on arrival can be found in Sri Lanka and Western Samoa. Hotels in
Iran often have pictures of Iranian women garbed in traditional dress,
emphasizing the need for women to wear modest clothing in that country.
Attempts to inform tourists of behavioural norms are being balanced by
attempts to educate communities to the cultural differences tourists bring
with them. The host communities must appreciate they are there to welcome
their paying guests. Increasingly ‘tourism awareness’ campaigns seek to
inform local people of the benefits that tourism can bring and about
different cultural behavioural patterns, e.g. Zambia and Malaysia. In many
countries, including the UK, tourism is featuring as part of the school
Perhaps the most difficult problem in identifying sociocultural impacts is
that they can take a very long time to emerge. Unlike the economic effects of
tourism which are readily seen, changes in society may be imperceptible but
cumulative. It may also be very difficult to identify tourism as the cause of
these changes as opposed to other influences, e.g. radio, newspapers,
television. For example, is the ‘social demonstration effect’ solely attributable
to what tourists are seen to do? Or may it be influenced by general
media reporting? If changes in society are evolutionary rather than
revolutionary, then tourism planners must have a system of monitoring
these changes and reacting to them when necessary.
In considering the impact of tourism on a community, we need to
know something about the volume of tourist arrivals, seasonal dispersion
and intensity of location. The greater the volume of tourist arrivals, the
greater the impact on a location. In some areas, the tourist–resident ratio
is very high, and when this ratio is intensified by a seasonal demand
factor it can cause very great stress on local economies and communities.
Access to shops, transport, beaches and specific tourist attractions may be
subject to overcrowding, delays, queuing and, often, rises in short-term
prices. Where residents use or share facilities with tourists, there can be a
gradual build-up of resentment, frustration and eventual aggression.
These problems can be increased by the type of tourists arriving at a
Some groups of tourists are more insensitive to local cultures than others.
Often large low-income groups based on cheap package tours can bring
particular problems. This is not to hypothesize that all low-income groups
are badly behaved and insensitive to local traditions and customs. Certain
ethnic groups might also exhibit characteristics which are unacceptable in a
particular location or country. Where problems are clearly associated with
groups of tourists from a particular country or, perhaps, sent by a particular
company, action should be taken to curb the problem.
It should be apparent that certain volumes of tourist arrivals, or particular
types of tourist groups, will be unacceptable in some locations. Tourism
planners should attempt to ‘influence’ the type of tourism demand in the
same way that attempts are made to ‘protect’ aspects of tourism supply, e.g.
certain attractions and locations. For some developing countries, these
problems are particularly difficult to overcome because tourism sectors,
with all their specific characteristics, have been inherited from colonial
times. Not all of this inheritance is bad, but where the sector is a major
economic contributor to the country, it may be difficult to make necessary
changes without endangering existing economic benefits. Management
changes and actions may have to be introduced over a long period of
One of the problems of changing the type of tourism activity is that
tourists and residents often have a very different view of a country and its
society. A country’s tourism ‘image’ may be the creation of a travel company,
keen to stress those aspects of a country which it believes may persuade
tourists to buy holidays in the destination. So what might be regarded as
‘quaint’ aspects of life by a tourist might be seen as a symbol of
‘backwardness’ by residents. Religious rites and ceremonies treated as a
‘holiday experience’ by tourists can represent a fundamental aspect of life
for residents. In a similar vein, alcohol, promiscuity, gambling and begging
may be regarded differently by tourists and residents. These are only a few
generalized examples of changes which can arise from tourism.
It is appropriate to stress that tourism development can bring with it
beneficial sociocultural impacts. The interchange of ideas, cultures and
perceptions can do much to dispel ignorance and misunderstanding. The
development of youth tourism, in particular, will tend to generate long-term
advantages, not only in relation to repeat journeys, but in a wider
understanding of cultural differences.
Domestic tourism will avoid most if not all of the sociocultural aspects
relevant to international tourism. As domestic tourists are usually citizens of
the country their cultural background will allow them to assimilate into the
visited destination. Often language and religion constitute no barriers to
travel or communication. In some countries, such as Iran, Pakistan and
Oman, emphasis is given to attracting tourists from Islamic countries and
also on creating cultural tourism where visitors are likely to be more
sensitive to the norms of the host societies.
It is not too difficult to identify some of the sociocultural problems linked
to tourism. What is of more concern is how such problems can be dealt with
within the further development of the tourism sector. Given the disparate
nature of the problems, it is only possible to suggest a general approach to
developing a management strategy to control the social and cultural aspects
of tourism.
A management strategy for social and cultural impacts
There are three broad aspects to developing a management strategy. First,
the sounding of representative opinion at the location of any proposed
development should be incorporated into the planning process. Secondly,
representative opinions on the current impacts of tourism should be
surveyed on a continuing basis. Thirdly, other countries’ experiences in
these aspects of tourism should be studied for longer term guidance.
Defining ‘representative’ opinion is not in itself an easy task. In most
communities there exist pressure groups which may be supportive of, or
antagonistic to, tourism. Pressure groups are skilled at using social and
political systems to further their own aims. In developing countries, societal
structures may be quite distinct from those existing and functioning in
developed countries. Access to radio, television and the press may be
limited in some countries, and participative democracy might not exist. In
these circumstances it may not be possible to introduce a representative
consultative process.
It may also be the case that societal structures vest the responsibility for
community views onto a single person – a tribal chief, landowner or
institutional organization. In trying to sound out local opinion about a
tourism development, care must be taken to use confirmed representatives.
It should also be remembered that ‘opinion’ is often speculative; to ask a
person without any knowledge or experience of tourism to anticipate
changes that may or may not arise from a proposed development is not
likely to be very convincing or useful.
It is good planning practice to try to obtain the views of a community
before development takes place. It will provide tourism planners with
information about the likely acceptability of any proposed development,
what views are held by the local community, and whether or not any fears
can be allayed by the development of an appropriate management
In many locations, tourism is already in existence and the need is to discover
what residents’ views of tourism are. In this case, the enquiry aims to record
and then to monitor the residents’ perceptions of the impacts of tourism.
Once these opinions have been collected, they can be tested for validity, as
there are many factors which can influence a residents’ view of tourism and
its impacts on a locality.
To be of use to tourism planners, surveys of opinion have to be properly
structured and stratified. As a continuing exercise, they can produce a
stream of data, perhaps qualitative but nevertheless, important, as a means
of trying to harmonize tourism development within a community. The basis
for any management strategy is information. Measures should be taken to
introduce preplanning and monitoring surveys as noted above.
Back Forum | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9302988648414612}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '70056', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NVPVBUC3Z5YHXR5DCEC2KOJKTQB46TNO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:de07f2b8-94db-4486-9c25-0d234c0a517e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 7, 24, 15, 20, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '162.243.113.193', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:433PW2NRB5CSHNH55BEB65YTQFVHSHUL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5c6c094d-fb95-4a05-8b6e-3257becd294a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.hotelmule.com/forum/viewthread.php?tid=522&extra=page%3D1', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ed7ff0f5-98a3-4131-aac1-e5b279b16519>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '4105', 'url': 'http://www.hotelmule.com/forum/viewthread.php?tid=522&extra=page%3D1', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02427375316619873', 'original_id': '99c8dfc2a22c0c05a5c353cdc38dfeee0d77aeca76a54b94f039235dafba0425'} |
Animals and humans
In His justice He gave
abundant comfort to the animals;
they do not feel shame for adultery,
nor guilt for stealing;
without being ashamed
they pursue every comfort they encounter,
for they are above
care and shame;
the satisfaction of their desires
is sufficient to please them.
Because they have no resurrection,
neither are they subject to blame.
The fool, who is unwilling to realize
his honorable state,
prefers to become just an animal,
rather than a man,
so that, without incurring judgment,
he may serve naught but his lusts.
But had there been sown in animals
just a little
of the sense of discernment,
then long ago would the wild asses have lamented
and wept at their not
having been human.
St. Ephrem the Syrian, Hymn XII on Paradise, 19-20
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Melania Trump condemns bullying at U.N. luncheon
First lady Melania Trump on Wednesday called on the international community to better protect and support children, speaking out against bullying and urging parents and leaders around the world to “come together for the good of our children because through them, our future will be defined.”
"No child should ever feel hungry, stalked, frightened, terrorized, bullied, isolated or afraid, with nowhere to turn," the first lady said at a luncheon hosted at the U.S. mission to the United Nations. "We need to step up, come together, and ensure that our children's future is bright."
The first lady was the only speaker at Wednesday’s luncheon. She was seated at a table with spouses of other world leaders, including Sophie Gregoire-Trudeau, the wife of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau; Brigitte Macron, the wife of French President Emmanuel Macron; and Emine Erdoğan, the wife of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
Trump said children are "hit first and hardest in any country" when it comes to "drug addiction, bullying, poverty, disease, trafficking, illiteracy or hunger." She said protections and opportunities afforded to children now will pay dividends in the future of each nation.
“Show me your civic lessons of today and I will show you your civic leaders of tomorrow. Show me your history lessons of today, and I will show you your political leaders of tomorrow,” the first lady said. “Show me the loving bonds between your families today, and I will show you the patriotism and moral clarity of your nation tomorrow.”
Also in attendance to hear Trump’s speech were fashion designer Rachel Roy and Paolo Zampolli, the first lady’s former agent who first introduced her to her husband, President Donald Trump.
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In her remarks, the first lady urged those in her audience to “join me in recommitting ourselves to teaching the next generation to lead and honor the golden rule.” She said it was her generation’s “moral imperative” to be responsible for what children learn.
“Nothing could be more urgent nor worthy a cause than preparing future generations for the adulthood with true moral clarity and responsibility,” Trump said. “To achieve this, we must come together for the good of our children because through them, our future will be defined.”
Trump announced last November that her first campaign as first lady would be an anti-bullying initiative, although she has yet to roll out a policy agenda on the issue. The first lady has been decidedly more limited in her public appearances than many of her predecessors, and Wednesday’s event marked her highest-profile speech of her husband’s tenure as president.
That the first lady would select bullying as a cause to throw the weight of her office behind struck some as ironic, given the president’s penchant for lobbing insults and heated rhetoric at his opponents, both online and in stated remarks.
“We must teach each child the values of empathy and communication that are at the core of the kindness, mindfulness, integrity and leadership which can only be taught by example,” the first lady said. “By our own example, we must teach children to be good stewards of the world they will inherit.”
Tara Palmeri contributed to this report. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '6c55650b569613aa889d73de09ba5e8ae72148936cb255a9f79fbfaf443e3f0f'} |
Q:
Is there a decent command line parser for powershell?
I am used to NDesk.Options, which I find both simple and powerful. But before trying to code against it in powershell I am wondering whether there is something already built in.
Thanks
A:
Not sure to understand your question but as far as you want to parse script or function parameters you've got the param keywork as discribe in about_Parameters, about_Functions_Advanced, about_Functions_Advanced_Parameters. This will allow you to specify different restriction for parameters.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'f46d1037b038e79dce91aa2ffb3c1f5387c5695854bbf2d63dc69acc30cc5d7d'} |
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of equality and diversity policies on the gender pay gap in UK public sector. The study is evaluated using secondary data from Labour Force Surveys (LFS), Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) and Workplace Employees Relations Survey (WERS) which compares the presence of equality and diversity policies with the simultaneous gender pay gap in UK public sector in order to determine the extent to which these policies have affected the gender pay gap in UK public sector. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '9f1ad2c9b4dafda9ccbedac2f78e60c1337942c9f61b5ae05cc3a8e2a3e1950b'} |
Dragon Age Wiki
6,976pages on
this wiki
This article is about the the character. For the dwarven house, see House Branka.
Kings, politics...all that is transitory.
Oghren (estranged husband)
Branka is a female dwarf and a member of the Smith caste who rose to prominence and became a Paragon to the dwarves of Orzammar in 9:10 Dragon.[1] She is the only Paragon named within the last four generations.
Background Edit
Branka was married to Oghren, a warrior from House Kondrat. She rose to the status of Paragon at a remarkably young age, before the age of twenty, when she invented a smokeless coal that let the Smith caste increase their output by a third while at the same time decreased deaths from black-lung.[2] This coal could burn in a cave without ventilation and thus was safer and easier for smiths to breathe and work with. However, in 9:28 Dragon, two years before the beginning of the beginning of the Fifth Blight, Branka took her entire House except Oghren into the Deep Roads in the hopes of finding the Anvil of the Void. She has not been heard from since, and is presumed dead by most of the citizens of Orzammar. Only Oghren maintains hope that she still lives.
Involvement Edit
Splr dao
H ephemeraa 0
Branka's heraldry
During the Dwarf Commoner Origin a Warden may hear of Branka when listening some merchants chatting in the Commons. Other Wardens will first learn of Branka by either running into Oghren in Orzammar or by talking to Loilinar Ivo in the Diamond Quarter. Since she is a Paragon, her voice could be used to overrule the bickering Assembly and decide who will be crowned king; for this reason, both Prince Bhelen Aeducan and Lord Pyral Harrowmont want to retrieve her to end the stalemate through her determination of who will be king.
Her former lover Hespith is encountered near the Dead Trenches during the questline Paragon of Her Kind. Hespith's poem and conversation reveals disturbing insights into the ordeal the dwarves of Branka's house suffered at darkspawn hands during their time in the Deep Roads, as well as offering clues to Branka's behaviour since beginning her quest for the Anvil. Her obsession with the Anvil of the Void has consumed her utterly; there is nothing in her life but its acquisition and she condemned the members of her House to death and worse in her ambition to locate the Anvil.
The Warden finally meets Branka in the Anvil of the Void. She traps the Warden, informing them that the only way out is to run Caridin's gauntlet of traps which guards the Anvil. As the Warden battles the darkspawn she offers chilling glimpses into her mind; among them, she reveals that she willingly sacrificed all her followers in testing Caridin's defenses. She also ignored those begging to be spared the darkspawn taint, even allowing Hespith and the other women to be corrupted into broodmothers, reasoning that doing so would provide her an endless stream of darkspawn to throw at the traps to either solve the puzzles or overwhelm the defenses with sheer numbers.
If the Warden attempts to destroy the Anvil, Branka will activate a control rod that turns four of Caradin's eight golems against him and attack the party, dying in the ensuing battle. If the Warden decides to preserve it, Branka will fight Caridin alongside the Warden, but still activates the control rod. She will then build a crown for the Warden's choice of king and stay in the Deep Roads to research the Anvil, finally creating four golems for the Warden to use in The Battle of Denerim.
She can also be persuaded or intimidated to see the suffering caused by using it. If so, she will destroy the Anvil and then commit suicide by leaping into the lava floes.
If the Warden decides to side with Caridin, Branka will attack with 4 golems under her command. Branka is a weapon-and-shield warrior with high physical resistance and, as natural for a dwarf, magic resistance. The best way to defeat her is to first defeat her golems. If her health is less than half, she'll use Lyrium veins to duplicate herself, so use them before she does.
Note: If Branka is killed, loot her body before leaving the Anvil of the Void. Otherwise it will disappear along with any unclaimed items.
Quotes Edit
• "I don't care if the Assembly puts a drunken monkey on the throne."
• "There it is. An ugly lump of hot metal to go over a couple of empty heads."
• "Is this what our empire should look like? A crumbling tunnel, filled with darkspawn spume? The Anvil will let us take back our glory!"
• "I can hear it. It wants to be used again. It speaks in a hundred different voices. Surely, you can hear them."
• "A king won't defeat a Blight. We've had forty generations of kings and we lost everything."
• Oghren: "What has this place done to you?! I remember marrying a girl you could talk to for one minute and see her brilliance."
• Branka: "I am your Paragon."
• Branka: "Perhaps I could use it now... a reward for defeating Caridin. You wanted a crown, no? Or have you set your sights higher than the petty kings of Orzammar?
• Warden: "Sure. Make me a golem; I volunteer Oghren's soul."
• Branka: "Believe me, I appreciate the thought, but it will take me a while to master all the techniques without Caridin's example. Why don't we go with the crown for now?"
• Branka: "When next you lead your armies against the archdemon, they will be shielded by a tide of steel men."
• Oghren: "I hope this makes you happy, Branka. I don't think you understand what it cost to get you here."
• Branka: "Oh, stuff a rag in it, Oghren. Move on! Find a few whores. Sodding stone, I never thought you'd be the pining type."
References Edit
2. Based on the discussion with Loilinar Ivo.
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Random Wiki | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '21', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.946644365787506}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '77747', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SUZR5AMSQBEBO5WDSRRQAUMIVESCMPQP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c5c53ef6-7f03-4ed4-838f-81a0da1bb3a2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 16, 51, 44), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.27.72.194', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VXAXSZVBNYYXIJKYVYOPP5TMRJAWP22K', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:cc213e33-3beb-47df-b195-ad4c2a0e8fb3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://dragonage.wikia.com/wiki/Branka', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0f2725e6-6c0d-44f5-b563-653b2bc65391>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1052', 'url': 'http://dragonage.wikia.com/wiki/Branka', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.043170034885406494', 'original_id': '23c079fb1ddcd504713bb255e59b8f5c98a55ed70df5935ec7384e38aeef4503'} |
The Environmental Protection Agency has issued a new, more detailed plan for laying off 25 percent of its employees and scrapping 56 programs including pesticide safety, water runoff control, and environmental cooperation with Mexico and Canada under the North American Free Trade Agreement.
At a time when the agency is considering a controversial rollback in fuel efficiency standards adopted under President Obama, the plan would cut by more than half the number of people in EPA’s division for testing the accuracy of fuel efficiency claims by automakers.
It would transfer funding for the program to fees paid by the automakers themselves.
The spending plan, obtained by The Washington Post, offers the most detailed vision to date of how the 31 percent budget cut to the EPA ordered up by President Trump’s Office of Management and Budget would diminish the agency.
The March 21 plan calls for even deeper reductions in staffing than earlier drafts. It maintains funding given to states to administer waste treatment and drinking water. But as a result, the budget for the rest of EPA is slashed 43 percent.
The Trump administration says the EPA cuts reflect a philosophy of limiting federal government and devolving authority to the states, localities and, in some cases, corporations. But environmental groups say the Trump administration is answering the call of companies seeking lax regulation and endangering Americans’ air and water.
In a memorandum at the front of the March 21 document, the EPA’s acting chief financial officer David A. Bloom said the agency would now “center on our core legal requirements,” eliminating voluntary activities on scientific research, climate change and education, and leaving other activities to state and local governments.
John Konkus, the agency spokesman said: “EPA will work with the President and Congress to redesign the way we do business to focus on achieving our core responsibilities – working with the states to ensure clean and breathable air, protecting water quality and investing in infrastructure, restoring our communities, ensuring timely review of chemicals and products to ensure safety for American families, all of which will have a positive impact on the environment and the economy.”
The $5.7 billion EPA budget will likely undergo massive rewriting by congressional lawmakers, but the document is a declaration of intent by the Trump administration — one that sets the agency fundamentally at odds with the environmental policies of the past eight years and in some cases nearly three decades.
Because of the sweeping cuts to scientific programs, the administrator’s own Science Advisory Board budget would be cut 84 percent. As the document explains, it would not need much money due to “an anticipated lower number of peer reviews.”
Reductions in research funds will curtail programs on climate change, water quality, and chemical safety, and “safe and sustainable water resources,” the document said.
Ken Kopocis, who headed EPA’s Office of Water in 2014 and 2015, said in an interview that the $165 million proposed cut to the agency’s nonpoint source pollution program would deprive farmers of critical funds to help curb agricultural runoff.
Several congressional Republicans have expressed support for reorienting the EPA’s mission, though lawmakers are likely to restore some of the funding.
Senate Environment and Public Works Committee Chairman John Barrasso (R-Wyo.) said in a statement Friday, “There is room to cut wasteful programs in EPA’s budget and at the same time, realign how taxpayer money is best allocated” by “giving states greater say in how they protect and manage their resources.”
In a recent interview, Sen. James M. Inhofe said he would like the department to focus on more traditional environmental concerns rather than addressing climate change.
“What I want them to do is to do what they are supposed to be doing – be concerned about the environment, the water, the air,” he said. “I’d like to see an EPA there to actually serve people and make life better for them.”
Inhofe said some of the members of the scientific advisory boards scheduled for cuts had political biases. “They’re going to have to start dealing with science, not rigged science.”
But S. William Becker, executive director of the National Association of Clean Air Agencies, said eliminating the money for such advisory boards would inevitably compromise the agency’s science capabilities.
“This is becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy,” he said. “If they have less research and less peer review, they’re going to have less of a foundation on which to base human health-based air quality standards.”
A program to teach and monitor the proper handling of pesticides would be nearly eliminated, and instead rely fees paid by the industry.
Many people in industry might enlist lawmakers’ help in opposing those plans. CropLife America executive vice president Beau Greenwood, whose group represents U.S. pesticide manufacturers and distributors, said in an interview Friday that while the industry is “willing to put skin in the game to ensure the agency has sufficient funding” for reviewing its products, it already provides more than $46 million a year under the Pesticide Registration Improvement Extension Act.
“Extra fees on top of extra fees is something that we would oppose,” Greenwood said.
The latest EPA budget plan would abolish programs that study known environmental hazards including lead, poor indoor air quality, and radiation.
Others programs that help protect Americans from cancer would also face the axe — including the $ 1.34 million indoor air radon program which works to protect the public against the invisible gas that is the leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers. Radon kills 21,000 people annually, according to the EPA.
The EPA’s radiation program, currently funded at $2.34 million, which sets standards for safe levels of ionizing radiation in the environment caused by radioactive elements such as uranium, is also slated for elimination — but it is unclear how fully eliminating its activities is possible.
The document also recommends a $28.9 million cut in the enforcement of clean up projects for Superfund sites, places where hazardous materials require long-term response plans.
In each case, the budget document says that these programs can be eliminated because they do not represent core agency priorities or can be deferred to states.
The budget document also proposes the elimination of regional programs focused on restoring watersheds and coastal and marine habitats. These include programs for the Chesapeake Bay, the Gulf of Mexico, Lake Champlain, Long Island Sound, Puget Sound, San Francisco Bay, the Great Lakes, and South Florida.
The document notes that these are areas where EPA is working with localities to restore damaged ecosystems and watersheds. It says that EPA’s regulatory heft isn’t needed and that localities must take responsibility.
“In some ways, the common thread …. is, unless there’s an explicit legal mandate that EPA has to do something, that EPA shouldn’t be doing it,” said Stan Meiburg, a longtime EPA career employee who served as acting deputy administrator of the agency late in the Obama years.
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Comments
Juliet EilperinJuliet Eilperin is The Washington Post's senior national affairs correspondent, covering the transformation of federal environmental policy. She's authored two books, "Demon Fish: Travels Through The Hidden World of Sharks" and "Fight Club Politics: How Partisanship is Poisoning the House of Representatives." and has worked for The Post since 1998. Follow
Chris MooneyChris Mooney covers climate change, energy, and the environment. He has reported from the 2015 Paris climate negotiations, the Northwest Passage, and the Greenland ice sheet, among other locations, and has written four books about science, politics and climate change. Follow
Steven MufsonSteven Mufson covers the business of climate change. Since joining The Washington Post in 1989, he has covered economic policy, China, diplomacy, energy and the White House. Earlier he worked for The Wall Street Journal in New York, London and Johannesburg. Follow | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b464fb3414e4e0d7cfb4f6adf574a3dc76a99ebf1ec96fab6d7ab9ccf5e53835'} |
p:viewport result
From: Norman Walsh <ndw@nwalsh.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2009 15:50:40 -0400
Message-ID: <m2my8afvcf.fsf@nwalsh.com>
Can someone remind me what we were smoking when we wrote this in the
spec for p:viewport:
The output of the p:viewport itself is a single document that
appears on a port named “result”. Note that the semantics of
p:viewport are special. The output port in the p:viewport is used
only to access the results of the subpipeline. The output of the
step itself appears on a port with the fixed name “result” that is
never explicitly declared.
AFAICT, this means, as the new test viewport-010 demonstrates, that
this is correct pipeline:
<p:viewport match="para" name="viewport">
<p:output port="tmp"/>
<p:input port="source">
<p:input port="source">
<p:pipe step="viewport" port="result"/>
Really. Why did we decided to always name the output 'result'? Why is
this case special? Does it need to be, or have we just done something
stupid by mistake?
Seems to me that if you name the output port on p:viewport, then that
should be its name and if ou don't name it, it shouldn't have a name.
I can't think of any reason why viewport should be special in this
regard. Something to do with sequences maybe?
I'm thinking through a fog of antihistamines so maybe I'm being stupid.
Be seeing you,
Norman Walsh <ndw@nwalsh.com> | The purpose of life is to fight
http://nwalsh.com/ | maturity.--Dick Werthimer
Received on Sunday, 14 June 2009 19:51:18 GMT
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.2.0+W3C-0.50 : Sunday, 14 June 2009 19:51:19 GMT | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '16', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8440026044845581}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '8715', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4ZZUREZKAGOTNPM2M3IRV5MAGTNZHPW2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:127b8031-43f9-468d-bb88-275cf4e8d1c6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 30, 17, 7, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '128.30.52.56', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WBN3VT2U4UPJQFRH5CPONSYXXBHANSI5', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2ab928af-894f-40ac-915d-b1ac9b7076bf>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-xml-processing-model-wg/2009Jun/0004.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3f23f43b-ad85-46e1-9ef1-ea6a072d18ef>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '246', 'url': 'http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-xml-processing-model-wg/2009Jun/0004.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.18926864862442017', 'original_id': '2827181532c66f03d2fc0bdc9deee4bfa8539753efeee2488ecad6fabab71bd0'} |
Q:
how to use curl and preg_match _all div content
I try to practice CURL,but it doesn't go well
Pleasw tell me what's wrong
here is my code
<?php
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://xxxxxxx.com/");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Google Bot");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
$downloaded_page = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
preg_match_all('/<div\s* class =\"abc\">(.*)<\/div>/', $downloaded_page, $title);
echo "<pre>";
print($title[1]);
echo "</pre>";
and the warning is Notice: Array to string conversion
the html I want to parse is like this
<div class="abc">
<ul> blablabla </ul>
<ul> blablabla </ul>
<ul> blablabla </ul>
</div>
A:
preg_match_all returns an array of arrays.
If your code is:
preg_match_all('/<div\s+class="abc">(.*)<\/div>/', $downloaded_page, $title);
you actually want to do the following:
echo "<pre>";
foreach ($title[1] as $realtitle) {
echo $realtitle . "\n";
}
echo "</pre>";
Since it will search all div's that have class "abc". I also suggest you harden your regex to be more robust.
preg_match_all('/<div[^>]+class="abc"[^>]*>(.*)<\/div>/', $downloaded_page, $title);
This will match as well as
BTW: DomDocument is slow as hell, I found out that regexes sometimes (depending on the size of your document) can give 40x speed increase. Just keep it simple.
Best,
Nicolas
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '8fcd64bf953fa30032d5eeaaffd3f5fac1277bfe4fbfd4e745bdd7c415b1bb1f'} |
Hello, We are looking to migrate from a Subversion-based "content repository" to a JSR-170-based repository, implemented using Jackrabbit, due to various performance and scalability limitations imposed by the Subversion implementation. We are looking to use a simple "nt:folder" and "nt:file" content model, with relatively large numbers of relatively small files (a mix of XML files, sizes in the 1-10K range, and binary files, sizes mainly in say the 10K-10Mb) - say 1-3 million XML files and 5 to 15 million binary files with a data volume for the binary files between 5 and 15 Tb (the XML to binary file ratio somewhere around 1:4 or 1:5). One of the questions we want to answer is how we can expect Jackrabbit to perform in this sort of case, e.g. using the JDBC Persistence Manager on an Oracle server. Additionally, we have a question about how best to model Subversion's repository global "revision number" within a multi-user Jackrabbit-based environment. Our content items are versioned independently but also viewed as a single "revisioned" entity collectively, such that we can determine the set of changes applied to the repository from one point in time (or revision) to another. We have looked at doing this by simulation of the global version as the version of the root node, performing the 'check in' after each save operation. The problem we have is to retrieve frozen child nodes in corresponding version without use of the restore operation. The child nodes are stored with OnParentVersion = VERSION so there's no direct access to child's versions but to the whole version history. Is examining the jcr:created date to find the corresponding versions a good idea or not really ? How Jackrabbit decides about restore of child nodes in the 'restore' operation ? Are there better ways of doing this? Any and all help very much appreciated. Henry | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9244891405105592}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '2142', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XIFHTOCVVES7MU57NW3VBKHTJIJYHVTD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4a9e0525-bf9f-4dd6-99ff-114cf58c376f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 4, 18, 4, 52, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.87.106.229', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XJLXU46ZJ7CIO4KABJ5MKZLWTWMUQIVH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f7d86f7d-178f-4106-bf3b-4754eb6e2f1f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/jackrabbit-users/200903.mbox/raw/%3C859734.85146.qm@web43508.mail.sp1.yahoo.com%3E/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0fea7b2c-1a6d-4c7e-8bc0-307401622992>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '294', 'url': 'http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/jackrabbit-users/200903.mbox/raw/%3C859734.85146.qm@web43508.mail.sp1.yahoo.com%3E/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-15\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for April 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10981959104537964', 'original_id': '6de6cd7685d01cf75e1ca808586ae3b9e2bfec38f3b6e3b991a064a69a9b1d24'} |
Live chat
Setting up the live chat
Setting up the live chat is a fairly straight forward process:
The javascript file gives a lot of configurational options. You can also influence the behaviour of the live chat on your site through available javascript functions.
Place the following script in the HTML of your page and customize it if you want. You can add it directly in your HTML or use a tag manager like GTM. Do not forget to fill in your accounttoken en servertoken. You can find these at the admin section in the Omnidesk application at Channels > Chat > Tokens. The script assumes you have jQuery installed. If styling does not go well after installation there might be a conflict with your CSS. We choose not to put the code in an iframe so we can support good responsiveness for mobile devices. Unfortunately because of this it may require an CSS update from your code first.
Include the following in the head of the page:
<script src=""></script>
Include the script in the body of the page:
function chatDocumentReady(callback){
if (document.readyState!='loading') callback();
else if (document.addEventListener) document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', callback);
else document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function(){
if (document.readyState=='complete') callback();
var chat = new Chat();
'chatServerURL': '',
'chatAccountToken': 'accounttoken',
'chatServerToken': 'servertoken' }) = chat;
Available options trough the application interface
There are a lot of configurable options at the admin section of your omnidesk environment. Settings > Channels > Live chat > Tokens > Edit
Available options through javascript code
Even more options are available through javascript code. When starting the chat (chat.start(), example above) you can pass other options next to the ones in the previous sample: chatServerURL, chatAccountToken and chatServerToken.
The options include, but are not limited to:
chat background image:
'chatBackgroundImage': ''
provide a phonenumber from your application instead of requiring the user to fill it in (options: phoneNumber, emailAddress and customerName):
'predefinedUserInput': {phoneNumber: "+31612312311"}
chat shadow of the chat:
'chatBubbleShadow': '0 2px 0 0 #005d77'
additional data for the agent (the customer will not see this data):
'additionalData': 'Extra information for customer support.'
or using a callback:
'additionalData': function() { return 'Extra information for customer support.' }
Available functions
chat.showChatStartIcon() This function brings the start chat icon on the screen of the visitor
chat.showChatWindow() This function opens the chat window for the visitor. You can call this anywhere in your code to push the window forward.
Chat availability
You can verify if there are any users available for a chat through the following URL:{{ Your chat server token}}&chatAccountToken={{ Your chat token }}
One of the available fields in the response is instructions where the following type is present if there are no agents available: hide_reason_no_agents_available. If you want to be in control when the chat shows on your page based on this information you should not run the following line in the initialization script:
You can do this later, for example when the customer clicks a link on the page that only shows when the chat is available. After the click you can run chat.showChatStartIcon() and probably you should also in this case run chat.showChatWindow(). | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7031506896018982}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '185791', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JRM5U3FZHKVGMTRQC7X5B7OBZKLOUKWR', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c26e5ea6-009f-49ac-a43c-8aaf23b22e76>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 6, 22, 9, 47, 9), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.18.1.145', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:C6WXOHRXIRN2DVPEQWAU6ABZMUQIHC5G', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:310e18da-8328-4c67-af9e-c865a636d66e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://docs.omnidesk.io/app/live-chat', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b2c46803-afd8-418e-8a4b-2ad65e788e55>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '481', 'url': 'https://docs.omnidesk.io/app/live-chat', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-25\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-182.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.09381085634231567', 'original_id': 'c1f2de83176ced546f62c2046bcb81dea7600959fa2156035dd5c88ea43e8679'} |
Industria® font family
Designed by Neville Brody in 1989
Industria™ was designed by British graphic design guru Neville Brody, originally for a magazine called The Face, and released as a font by Linotype GmbH in 1989. Industria is a condensed sans serif with abbreviated, essential forms. It has a systemized mechanical structure of straight strokes with rounded outer corners and rectangular counter spaces.
The solid version is strong, cool, and reserved; the inline version gives a vibrating and artful contrast. The alternate font has a more flamboyant lowercase g and t.
A Cyrillic version of this design is also available. It is named Tatlin."
Technical details
Digital data from:
Technical font names:
File name: lt_10548.ttf
Windows menu name: Industria LT InlineA
PostScript name: IndustriaLT-InlineA
PostScript full name: Industria LT Inline A
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Ein Bundesrichter Bundesrichter Booth entscheidet zu guusten der Beschwerführer und liegen Eintreibung von Prohibitionsstrafen. Bundesrichter Wilbur F. Booth vom Bundesdistriktsgerichte in St. Paul hat eine wichtige Entscheidung abgegeben, indem er erklärte dass die Einhebung von Steuern und Straf summen. Unter den Bestimmungen des Volstead-Gesetzes von den dagegen Beschwerde führenden Personen nicht zulässig ist. Es handelte sich um die Fälle von John Schneider, John Zischka, Martin Schmobrich, Beigel Bros., Arthur Schleis und August Beyer, alle von New Ulm, von denen jeder $3215.63 zahlen sollte wegen Verletzung des Prohibitionsgesetzes. Sie reichten un vorzüglich durch ihren Anwalt Alfred W. Mueller von New Ulm Berufung etu bei Richter Booth und ersuchten um Ausstellung eines Einhaltsbefehls gegen den Binnensteuerinhaber E. I. Lynch, der gedroht hatte, zur Deckung der Summen soviel Eigentum der Genannten zu verkaufen, als nötig er Rheine. Die beabsichtigte Einhebung von Steuern. ern und Strafensumme wurde als gesetzwidrig und als Verletzung der Ver, Staaten bezeichnet. Der Anwalt Mueller vertrat später noch mehrere andere New Ulmer, die des Verkaufs von „Bitters" mit zu hohem Alkoholgehalten beschuldigt wurden. Bundesrichter Booth erklärte die geforderten Summen als nicht Steuern, sondern Sträfsummen, und das Vorgehen des Binnensteuerreinnehmörs als Verletzung der verfassungsmäßigen Rechte der Kläger, indem versucht werde, sie ihres Eigentums zu berauben ohne angemessenes gesetzliches Vorgehen. Durch diese Entscheidung werden Fälle erledigt, in denen es sich zusammen urn eine Summe von gegen 830,000 handelt. Es gilt als unwahrscheinlich, dass die Bundesregierung gegen diese Entscheidung Beute einlegen werde, weit die Begründung des Nichters Booth eine vollkommene klare und einwandfreie ist. Tory Olesen gestorben. Gestern traf hier die Trauerbot schaft ein, dass Tory Olesen in Washington, D.C., an Washington geboren. Bürstag aus dem Leben geschieden sei. Wie verlautet war Herr Olesen schon seit längerer Zeit nicht wohl und unterwarf sich einer Operation in der Hoffnung, dass er dadurch seine alte Gesundheit wieder erlangen würde. Die Operation verlief auch glücklich, aber es stellte sich Lungenentzündung eilt und dieser ist er Dienstagung zum Opfer gefallen. Der Verstorbene war hier höchst vorteilhaft bekannt. In den 70er Jahren kam er nach New Ulm und zwar als Lehrer an unseren öffentlichen Schulen. Dem Lehrerbuch blieb er über 15 Jahre treu. Er nahm feinen Beruf sehr ernst und alle welche Gelegenheit hatten zu ihm zur Schule gehen zu können, werden sich seiner in Ehrfurcht und Dankbarkeit erinnern. Jahrgang war der Verstorbene Mitglied der Governors Guards, später Co. „A", war jahrelang Feldwebel der Compagnie und später wurde er zum 2. Leutnant promovirt. Er war auch Mitglied der alten Silver Cornet Band. Im Jahre 1879 und zwar am 22. Juli verehelichte er sich mit Frl. Clara Scherer die ihn mit zwei Söhne überlebt. Vor t Ein über 20 Jahren nahm er eine Anstellung im Pensionsdepartement in Washington, D. E. an und hat seither dort ununterbrachen gewohnt. Des Oesteren kam er nach New Ulm zurück um seine alten Freunde und hauptsächlich seine früheren Schüler zu besuchen. Auch in seinem Fall können wir sagen, wir haben einen guten Mann begraben. Gevatter Storch lieferte letzten Sonntag im Heim von Ed. Brown von St. George ein munteres Töchterchen ab, zur großen Freude der Eltern. Frau William Julius wurde Dienstag von ungefähr 30 Jahre im Freundinnen in der angenehmsten Weise überrascht, anlässlich ihres Geburtstages. Man verkürzte sich den Nachmittag beim Kartenspiel. Um 5 Uhr wurde ein Diner in 3 Gänge servirt. Beim Kartenspiel gewarnten Frau Mary Frasch und Frau Peter Sprenger die hohen Preise und Frau Gratz und Frau Eckert mußten fich mit den Trostpreisen begnügen. Miss Geburtstagskind wurde reichlich beschenkt und alle amüsirten sich etn stich köstlich. Neuer Freibrief für Sleepy Eye. Es soll für Sleepy Eye ein neuer Freibrief ausgearbeitet werden. Da von, den vor mehreren Jahren von dem inzwischen verstorbenen Nichter Weber ernannten 15 Mitgliedern der Freibriefkommission nur mehr drei verfügbar sind, hat Distriktsrichter I. M. Olsen die folgenden 12 neuen Mitgliedern ernannt: C. E. Hansen, W. W. Smith, John M. Schroepser, C. P. Cutting, F. E. Beech, I. L. Kiefer, George Glotzbach, Dr. I. W. B. Wellcome, Ed. I. Berkner, Editor W. N. Hodges, William Brust und Martin Casperson. Die drei ur sprüngkichen Mitglieder sind Hans Mo, Henry Offermann und L. G. Davis. Diese Kommission hält von nun an jeden Mittwochabend um 7:30 Uhr Sitzungen im Rathanse, um Anregungen von Bürgern und Steuer zahlern entgegenzunehmen, und es ist geboten, den Freibriefentwurf zur Abstimmung am 5. April bereit zu haben. Sammelspeicher Grand. Mühle und Sämmelspeicher des I. E. Duncan in Lambertön sind bis auf den Grund niedergebrannt, während der Eigentümer sich gerade in Minneapolis befand, um der Beerdigung einer Schwester beizuwohnen. Es sind 10,000 bis 12,000 Bushels Getreide, sowie mehrere Felle, Eier und Hausgeräte mitverbrannt. Das Gebäude, wie auch das Getreide waren zweiten versichert. Wie der Brand entstand, ist unbekannt. Dr. Geo. B. Weiser hat dieser Tage seine Resignation als Deputy Coroner eingereicht. An seine Stelle ernannte Coroner Dr. G. F. Reineke Dr. W. G. Nneßle von Springfield. Eine weitere Ernennung als Deputy Coroner ist die von Dr. M. A. Kiefer von Sleepy Eye. Mehrere New Ulmer Bürger bereiteten ansang dieser Woche Prof. Nollin Church eine angenehme Überraschung, indem sie bei ihm erschienen und ihm eine ansehnliche Börse überreichten in Anerkennung seiner ersprießlichen Tätigkeit als Leiter der Korbballerie der hiesigen Hochschule, die darauf aus ist, das Carleton-Turk. Nicht nur zu besuchen, sondern auch den Preisbccher von dort nach New Ulm heimzubringen. Telephon Dividende von 7 Prozent Aktionäre werden Schecks erhalten. Im März soll wieder einmal ein neues Telephonbuch herauskommen. Das Direktorium der New Ulm Rural Telephone Co. hat in einer Versammlung am Freitag einige Dividede von 7 Prozent erklärt und diese wird an alle Anteilscheinhaber durch Schecks verteilt werden, womit Sekretär Ad. G. Bierbanm jetzt beschäftigt ist. Sie beläuft sich auf $4301.50 und verteilt sich auf gegen 420 Aktionäre. Die Zahl der Anteilscheine ist über 4000. Neues Telephonbuch. Es Wurde, auch beschlossen, tut März ein neues Telephonen herauszugeben. Es werden verschiedene Verbesserungen eingeführt werden so können einzelne Mitglieder von Familien, die Telephone in ihrem Heim haben, letzten angegeben werden, wenn sie dies wünschen. Solche Wünsche oder Aenderungen oder Verbesserungen sollten möglichst bald zwecks Durchführung an Geschäftsführer L. A. Mills oder Sekretär Bierbaum bekannt gegeben werden. Stadt-Konvent. Am Donnerstag, 17., März, ihn 7:30 Uhr ändern wird in Sleepy Eye eine Stadtversammlung abgehalten werden zur Aufstellung von Kandidaten für Bürgermeister, Grundbuchführer-Schatzmeister. Alderman „at large", 2-Aldermen für jede Ward und einen Spezialstadtrichter. Die Vorwähl für die Delegaten zu dem Konvente findet am Dienstag, 15. März, von 7:30 bis 8:30 Uhr abends statt. Der Frauenzweig des Turnvereins gab am Dienstagabend in der Turnhalle eine private Ässchiedsgesellschaft zu Ehren von Frl. Sophia Hoffmann, die demnächst zu ihren Schwestern, Frau Fred Heimerdinger und Frl. Minute Hoffmann, sowie ihrem Bruder Wm. Hoffmann nach Santa Anna, Calif, abreisen wird. Es wurde bei dieser Gelegenheit zugleich die Erreichung einer Mitglieder zahl von 100 gefeiert. Jahrgang 58. New Ulm, Minnesota, Freitag, den 25. Februar Eröffnung vertagter Session erfolgte am Montag im hiesigen Gerichtsgebäude. Ansehnliche Zahl vorliegender Fälle. Im hiesigen Gerichtsgebäude wurde am Montag von Nichter I. M. Olsen eine vertagte Sitzung des Distriktsgerichts vp Brown County eröffnet. Es liegen für diese Sitzung zahlreiche Fälle zur Erledigung bor. Zwei Verhandlungen am Montag von Lyon County vor, den Nichter Olsen in Erwägung nahm, nachdem die beihersten Anwälte Gesprochen hatten. Am Nachmittag begann die Verhandlung in der Personalverletzungsklage von Henry Dornmer gegen Redwood County. Dornmer war bei Staatsstraßenarbeiten in jenem County beschäftigt. Beim Abladen von Kies erfolgte ein Erhein, das Recht, des rechten Beines davontrug. Die Klage bezweckt die Festsetzung der dem Verunglückten nach dem Stagge setze zu kommenden Entschädigung. County antpelt A. H. Enerson von Lamberton vertritt Redwood County und der Anwalt Alfred W. Mueller von New Ulm den Kläger. Gestern Morgen wurde mit den „Ditch" Fällen begonnen und diese werden wohl den Rest der Woche in Anspruch nehmen. Minnesota Seed Co. „unfair". Es mag für die Leser der Post von Interesse sein zu erfahren, dass die Minnesota Seöd Co. sich geweigert hat in der New Ulm Post anzuzeigen obwohl der Manager der Gesellschaft dem New Ulm Aölksblatt, das übriens feine lokale Zeitung mehr ist und kaum ein Drittel der Abonnenten in New Ulm und Umgegend hat wie die New Ulm Poste, eine Anzeige gegeben hatte. Man kann unter den Umständen nicht umhin zu der Überzeugung zu kommen, dass dies absichtlich geschieht. Unsere Freunde wissen ja was sie unter den Umständen zu tun haben. Henry A. Tauer von Town Sigel wurde an Washington Geburtstag von seiner Gattin mit einem strammen Stammhalter beschenkt. Darob große Freude im Tauer Heim. Frau Anton H. Zupfer, wohnhaft an Nord Payne Straße, unter warf sich gestern (Donnerstag) einer Appendicitis Operation im Loretto Hospital von welcher sie sich in erfreulicher Weise erholt. Herr und Frau Nick Mander-seld die bei hiesigen Freunden und Verwandten die Flitterwochen verlebten, haben gestern die Heimreise Nach Huron, Süd Dakota angetreten wurde. Gestern hielten die Current News Club und die Literary Club im Heim von Frau A. I. Vogel eine gemeinschaftliche Versammlung ab. Die Präsidentin der Frauen Clubs von Wells war zugegen und hielt eine Ansprache. Frau John Stindt wurde Dienstag von einer großen Anzahl Verwandten und Freunden anlässlich ihres 80. Wiegenfestes in der angenehmsten Weise überrascht. Ein seines Supper wurde vermutet. Abends gab es Gesängnis und allgemeine Unterhaltung. Alle Gäste verlebten recht angenehme Stunden mit dem Geburtstagskinde. Die Jubilarin ist trotz ihrer 80 Jahre noch "geistig frisch und körperlich rüstig und kann das Leben noch in vollen Zügen genießen. Einbildung. Tante Claudia, die Schwester des BankdireVörs Sterntalers, ist schwerhörige. Sie kaufte sich einen Höxävparat und behauptete, dass sie nunmehr das Graf wachsen höre. Eines Abends war große Gesellschaft bei Sterutalers. Unter den Gästen befand sich der bekannte Opernsänger Friedhof. Er mopste sich fürchtbar und entführte bei passender Gelegenheiten den Wintergarten, hinter dessen Palmweelen Tante Claudia mit ihrem Bruder fällt. Tante Claudia'spitzte die Ohren. In diesem Ungerblick zeckte Aichhof die Aute in die Hohe, öffete den Rächen und gähnte ausgiebig. Als er fertig wär wandte sich Tante Claudia an den Bruder und sagte „Eine herrliche Stimme, was, Os fori". Sachliche, wohlbegründete deutsche Gegenvorschläge. Wenn es auf der bevotstehenden Lyndoner Könferenz Ächt zu einer Einteignung zwischen der Entente und Deutschland in der Kriegsentschädigungsfrage kommt, so wird das Scheitern der Verhandlungen nicht dem bösen Willen der deutschen Regierung, sondern aus schließlich der auf dem Unmöglichen bestehenden französischen Verblendung und Rachgier zur Last gelegt werden. Müssen. Die Deutschen wollen sich nicht etwa den Bericht verpflichten, vielmehr sind sie zu schlössen, mit ihren Gegenvorschlägen bestehen, an die äußerst Grenze des Leistungsvermogens zu gehen. Ein Fünszehner Äusschüsse von Sachverständigen ist das für. Tag unter dem Vorsitz von Dr. Hans Kramer Mit der Bearbeitung des riesigen Materials beschäftigt, das die beweistige und unanfechtbare Grundlage der deutschen Gegenvorschläge bilden wird und die neuesten statistischen Daten über die deutsche Wirtschafts-Finanz- und Steuerkraft zusammenfasst. Dr. Kränter gibt sich inbezug aus die von Amerika erhoffte direkte oder in direkte Unterstützung durchaus nicht phantastischen Illusionen hin, sondern ist als nüchterner Realpolitiker überzeugt, da sich Amerika int wohl verstandenen eigenen Interesse lediglich von seinen Handels- und Geschäftsrücksichten, leiten lassen wird. „Wir erwarten natürlich nicht", sagt er einer Berliner Sonderkabeldepesche der „New York Times" zufolge, dass irgendjemand uns lediglich zu dem Zwecke Geld leihen wird, um uns vor dem Untergang zu retten. Wir sind jedoch überzeugt, dass die Amerikaner mehr gesunden Menschenverstand haben als die häßverblendeten Fränzen zu retten. Die Uninöglichkeit und Widersinnigfeit einer Zwangsvollstreckung des Pariser Kriegsentschädigungsdiktats weist Dr. Krämer mit Argumenten nach, deren Logik sich kein klarblickender Geschäftsmann Verschließen wird. Deutschland, befindlich in der Stellelung eines Mannes, gegen den ungeordnete Gläubige ein Bankerotter. 'ahren eingeleitet haben, in der Hoffnung, mindestens 30 bis 40 Prozent ihres Guthabens zu retten, ohne in dessen die Tatsache in Rechnung zuziehen, dass von den 40 Prozent vielleicht 35 Prozent ans Liquidations kosten drausgehen würden. Das nämliche Schicksal würde der Entente blühen, sollte sie darangehen, das Pariser Programm durch Übernahme der Verwaltung in Deutschland zu vollstrecken. Die Prozessierung des früheren deutschen Kaisers. England und Frankreich haben zwar ihre Absicht, den früheren deutschen Kaisers vor ein Gericht zu schleppen und zu prozessieren, stillschweigend fallen gelassen, aber ein dieser Tage, per offentlichter Artikel ans der Feder von James Brown Scott ist nichtsdesto weniger eine wichtige Darlegung. Herr Scott ist Sekretär der Carnegie Stiftung für internationalen Frieden und luar Ratgeber der amerikanischen Kommission für den Friedenskongress. Daß er den Versuch zur Prozessierung des Ex-Kaisers in das richtige Licht stellt, ist ein bedeutsamer Beitrag zur Kriegsgeschichte. Scott hebt hervor, dass Präsident Wilson in seinem Entwurf über diese Angelegenheit ausdrücklich anerkannte, der Ex-Kaiser könne wegen der Kriegs erklärt werden. Aber die Auffassung wurde in dem betreffen den Paragraphen des Friedensvertrages weggelassen, wahrscheinlich auf Betreiben von Lloyd George. Indem der Ex-Kaiser lediglich eines Vergehens gegen die internationale Moral angeklagt wurde, und indem die Alliierten erklärten, dass Verfahren gegen ihn werden von den besten Motiven der internationalen Politik geleitet werden, dass kein eigentlicher Gesetzgrund vorlag, um dem Ex-Kaiser den Prozess zu machen. Das ist die Absicht, Scott geißelt auch das Verlangen der Alliierten, Holland solle den Ex-Kaiser ausliefern er sägt: „Das kleine Land hätte zuviel Ehrgefühl, das zu tun, mehr Ehre, als Die allierten Mächte, die das Ansinnen stellten, die das Ansinnen stellten. Die allierten Mächte hatte einen Bertrag mit Holland zur Auslieferung einer Person, die pfältischer Vergehen angeklagt ist. Holland wusste, dass mindestens zwei der Hauptmächte, die Ber. Staaten und Japan, gegen dies ganz elende Vorgehen waren. China eröffnet Pastor C. W. Baxter, Pastor der hiesigen Kirchen, sollen helfen. Pastor W. W. Baxter von der hiesigen St. Peters Episkopalkirche ist als Vorsitzender des Ausschusses für Seit Verkauf von China LebensrettungsMarken in New Ulm ernannt worden und er hat alle Pastoren der hiesigen Kochen als Mitglieder dieses Ausschusses erkannt. Diese sechs Pastoren oder von ihnen zu bestimmende Personen sollen ihm bei seiner Tätigkeit helfen, die int Auftrage des American Committee for China Famine Fund, Bible House, New York, erfolgt. Es sollen durch den Verkauf dieser Marken in ganz Amerika Beiträge gesammelt werden für die 15 Millionen Menschen im nördlichen China, die vom Hüngevotod bedroht sind. Der Preis dieser Marken, die in deut Banken zu haben sein werden, ist 3c das Stück. Es wird angestrebt, dass solche Marken auf jeden Brief geklebt werden. Ein Dollar im Monat ist genug, um einen hungrigen Chinesen zu ernähren bis zur nächsten Ernte. Lieder heiratiger Damen. Um das Alter heiratiger Damen zu ermitteln, braucht Man, wie ein erfahrener Musikdirektor meint, nur darauf zu achten, welche Lieder sie für den häuslichen Gebranch gewählt haben. 7' "... Hört man das Lied singen: „Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her!" so ist mit Bestimmtheit anzunehmen, dass die junge Dame, die das Lied singt, von 14 bis 16 Jahre alt ist 16 bis 20 Jahrige singen schon: „Liebster Jesus, wir sind hier!" Das Lied: „Es ist gewiss an der Zeit," lässt auf ein Alter von 20 bis 25 Jahre schließen während 25 bis 30 Jahrze schließen während 25 bis 30 Jahrze schließen: „Herz, mein Heim, verzählt nicht!" 30 bis 35 Jahrze schließen mit gesteigter Tem Ton: „Erhör uns Gott, erhöre," bis sie vom 35. bis 40. Jahrze creschen das Lied anstimmen: „Herr, straf mich nicht" tu dem dem Zorn!" Sollte dieses Lied noch nicht die gewünschte Wirkung haben und einen Mann herbeischaffen, so flehen sie vom 40. zum 45. Jahrzehnte mit tiefster Empfindung: „Aus tiefster Not schrei ich zu Dir!" bis sie vom 45. bis 50. Jahrzehnte einsangen mit dem Siebe: „Nun ruhen alle Wälder." Frau Mary Lehmann wird am Sonntag, den 27. Februar, 85 Jahre alt und sie wird den Tag im Familien und Freundes-Kreise verleben. Trotz ihres hohen Alters ist Frau Lehmann nimmer noch geistig frisch und freut sich ihres Daseins. Manager Ernest Werks vom Grand Theater und Dave Leonard vom Grand Hotel sind gestern nach den Schwesterstädten gereist um 300 neue gepolsterte Sitze für das Grand Theater zu kaufen. Sobald die Witternng es erlaubt wird der Boden im Theater geändert werden, dadurch das unmittelbar hinter dem Eingang der Fußboden 18 Zoll erhöht wird und dann schräge nach vorne zu ausläuft. Charles Hauenstein hat gestern eine Kiste Orangen bekommen die in OX landa, Fla. gezogen wurden und zwar von Bäumen die sein Vater, John Hauenstein vor 12 Jahren eigenhändig auf seinem Eigentum in Olanda pflanzte. Wie seine Schweizer Frau Henry Fnerst Jr. schreibt, pflückten sie im Ganzen 12 Kisten Orangen von 20 Bäumen. Orangen kosten zur Zeit $1.25 die Kiste. In Florida. Anlässlich ihres Geburtstages wurde leiten Freitag-Aufnahme Frau Mary Frasch in ihrem Heim an North State Straße in der angenehmsten Weise von 25 ihrer Freundinnen überrascht. Als Zeitvertreib wurden Karren gespielt und die Hoch Preise gingen. Frau William Julius und Frl. Frieda Wiesner und die Trostpreise und Frau Mary Arbes und Frau Andrew Mann. Die Jubilarin wurde reichlich beschenkt und ein feiner Lunch wurde serviert. Frau Louis Neissen von Lake Crystal, eine Tochter, nahm die Gelegenheit wahr der Mutter am Geburtstag einen Besuch abzustatten. Bollenschlägers haben ihr Grantmonument mit Benzol gereinigt. Gestern wurde ergeben. Dann sagte er: „Ja, schön singen kann der Caruso wenn er bloß nicht so aus dem Hals riechen würde!" Crone Brothers, New Ulms Ölte Stes Kaufmannsgeschäft, haben sich in korporieren lassen. Die Inkorporation sind Ferdinand Crone, Carl Crone Sr., Carl F. Crone, Sr., Anna Crone Sr., und T. H. Schonlyn. Das erste Direktorium besteht aus den Inkorporatoren. Es würden folgen de Beamte gewählt: Präsident, Ferdinand Crone, Vizepräsident, Carl Crone, Sr., Sekretär-Schatzmeister, T. H. Schonlau Generalgeschäftsführer, Carl F. Crone. Das Kapital besteht in $200,000 in 2000 Anteil scheinen zu je $100. Das Geschäft war von dem verstorbenen Theodor Crone, Vater von Ferdinand und Carl Crone Sr., im Jahre 1857 gegründet worden und hat sich aus bescheidenen Anfängen zu seiner jetzigen Größe entwickelt. Neue Anfängerklasse. Am 28. März wird an den hiesigen öffentlichen Schulen eine neue Anfängerklasse eröffnet werden, in die solche Kinder ausgenommen werden können, die in New Ulmer Schuldistrikt wohnen und bor dem 1. Januar 1921 das 6. Lebensjahr erreicht haben. Es können nur 36 Kinder angenommen werden, melden sich mehr, so müssen die SonntägiiachMittag nyd labend und MoNag- mid Dienstagabend' er freute sich eines großartigen Besuchs, sodaß nicht einmal Stehplätze'mehr zu haben während und viele abgewesen werden Muhten. Alle, die das Stück gesehen haben, sind des Lobes voll für den Geschäftsführer Jwerks dafür, daß er das Stück nach New Ulm brachte. Frau Herntann Schwerr und ihr Sohn Harold reisten ant Dienstag nach Sleepy Eye zum Besuche der Eltern der Ersteren, Herrn und Fräulein Frank Schroeder, und um der Feuer des Geburtstages des Herrn Schroeder beizuwohnen, die gestern, Donnerstag, stattfand. Frau Schwerr wird auch ihre Schwester, Frau N. P. Netfort, besuchen, die eben aus Rochester zu rückgekehrt ist, wo sie sich seit Weihnachten aufgehalten hatte. R. L. Berg verkauft den „Army Store" A. B. Wasterton, ein früherer Be wohner von Nashville, Tenn., ist der neue (Sigentümer. Roy L. Berg hat am Montag feinen "Army Store" im alten Hellriegel Gebäude an Centerstraße unweit vom Postamt an A. B. Wasterton, einen früheren Bewohner von Nashville, Tenn., verkauft und dieser hat den Besitz unverzüglich angetreten. Herr Berg gedenkt sich dem Verkaufe von Ernteversicherung zu widmen, mit welchem Geschäfte er sich schon im Winter 1918 im Staate Missouri befaßt hat. Der neue Eigentümer des „Army Store," Herr Wasterton, traf am 1. Oktober letzten Jahres mit feiner Familie aus Nashville, Tenn., hier ein und es hat ihm hier so gefallen, daß er entschloss, sich dauernd in New Ulm niederzulassen. Seine Gattin, deren früheres Heim Fairfax war, hat Verwandte in der Umgebung von New Ulm. Ziegelei schließt. Die Ziegelei der A. C. 'Ochs Brick & Tile M. in Springfield, die schön längere Zeit nur noch in Betrieb war, um die Angestellten beschäftigten halten, wopetri schon eitz übermäßiger Vorrat angesammelt war, musste nun doch geschlössen werden. "Die Geschäfte" äfflich hofft, dass mit der Wiederaufnähme der Bautätigkeit die Frühjahr auch der Betrieb ihrer Anläge wieder wird eröffnet werden kann. Eine Erfahrene. Junger Arzt (der die Praxis des verstorbenen Landdötors übernommen hat): „Äein Mensch hier im Dorfscheint krant werden zu wollen." Wirtschaft: „Ja, Sie denken wohl, Herr Doktor, die gebratenen Patienten fliegen Ihnen nur so in den Mund die Krankheiten müssen Sie den Leuten einreden!" Sächser Fehler. „Ja, wir Deutsche müssen lernen, uns in vieles zu fügen." „Na, bis jetzt fügen wir uns, ohne zu lernen." Erfahrene. „Ja, wir Hilfe aus Neu Mich Bayern Brief des Bürgermeisters unserer Namensschwester in Bayern ber Bürgermeister Dr. Fritsche eingetroffen. Kartenspiel Mittwoch in Turnhalle. W -t Fritsche ist ein Brief vom Bürger meister D.. Nnffer von. Neu Ulm, Bayern, eingetroffen, der einen Ruf nach Hilfe für die in Not befindlichen Pewohner unserer Namensschwester in Bayern enthält. In herzbewegen den Worten schildext Bürgermeister Nusser die Not und das Elend iit. seinem Städtchen und wendet sich an die Bewohner des glücklicheren New Ulm in der neuen Welt um Hilfe» Das" Schriftstück trägt das Amts siegel des Stadtrats von New Ulm. Kartenspiel am März. Bürgermeister Dr. Fritsche über gab diesen Brief den Jungpionieren und deren Vollzugsausschuß beschloß in einer Sondersitzung, ant Mittwoch abend, 2. März, in der Turnhalle ein Preiskartenspiel zu veranstalten, dessen Ertrag cm Bürgermeister Nusser zur Linderung der Not in seiner Stadt ge sandt werden soll. Die Turnhalle wurde frei' zur Verfügung gestellt. Es wird „500" Und „Schafskopf" ge spielt werden und jedermann ist zur Beteiligung herzlich einge odcit., 1 Kursus in Bürgerkunde. M. B. Herman ^von St. PaZl PrÜsnngsfKommissär für solche lue' die zweiten Bürger Papiere zu erhal? fen wünschen, war dieser Tage in der Stadt und ist Mittwoch'wieder abge reist. Er war in amtlichen Geschäft ten hier. Es wird beabsichtigt eine Klasse für solche Männer und Frauen einzurichten die das Bürgerrecht er werben wollen um sie in BürgerkMde Und in der englischen Sprache, int Le^ sen und Schreiben ^n iitstruirciu Diese Instruktion ist frei.'' Solche die sich dem Kursus anschließen wollen, sind ersucht sich bei Supt. Moor am Donnerstag, den 3. Mttrz tint 7- Uhr 30 abends im Hochschulgebäude zn mel den. Nach Beendigung des Kursus wird eine Prüfung stattfinden und alle die die Prüfung bestehen, betont» men ein Diplom. Wenn sie dieses Diplom im Gericht vorzeigen, so wird die Examination bedeutend verkürzt werden. Frau Schouvxller gestorben, Fran I. C. Schouveller ist in ihrem' Heime in der Gemarkung Granby, Nicollet County, im Alter von 46 Jahren aus dem Leben geschieden. Ihr Mädchenname war Bertha Ginkel. Am 4. Februar 1896 Verehelichte sie sich mit dein sie jetzt überlebenden Gatten. !sie hinterläßt außerdem eine Tochter, Fräü Louis Menk Jr., sowie die Geschwister Henry, Christ, Fred und Wilhelm Ginkel, Frän F. Wills Sr., Frau John Rengötorf und Fran A. Arnold. Die Beerdig gung fand nach einem Trauergottes dienste in der lutherischen Kirche in Nicollet am Donnerstagnachmittag ans dem Friedhofe in Alt-Nicollet statt. Letzter Termin für Perfonaleigen- Am kommenden Montag ist dev letzte Tag zur Zahlung der Personal eißentümssteüerN. Später wird eine Strafe von 10 Prozent zugeschlagen. DÄ es' am Montag voraussichtlich tut Büro des Countyschatzmeisters Henry I. Berg sehr geschäftig zugehen wird, tut jeder, der diese Steuer noch nicht bezahlt hat, gut, dies womöglich noch heute oder morgen zu tun. In dieser Nummer der New Ulm Post find eine ganze Anzahl wirk licher Bargains Angezeigt. Beim Ein» kaufen Möchten wir unsere Freunde, er suchen im Geschäft zu sagen, daß sie die Anzeige in New Ulm Post gelesen haben. rr-T* -.A*»''«1 Ein Kttt Beschlagener. Sßijvct: „Wenn ich fitnflmifeitb Wark zu zwanzig Hrotzent herleihe, was trägt mit das?" Morizl: „Nu, 's erste mal dürften Se mit Geldstraf davonkommen, Here Lehrer I & /r In her Schule. ~r" Lehrer: „Wo sitzt das Herz?" Schüler (schweigt). Lehrer (auf die Brust deutend) »Fühlst du denn,hier keine Schläge?"' Schülers „Nein, die fühle ich immev woanders.". | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'sn85025556_1921-02-25_1_1_1', 'collection': 'US-PD-Newspapers', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1921.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'German', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '3904', 'token_count': '6771', '__index_level_0__': '7392', 'original_id': 'f33d3375a7733a6d8c21ce43f2db14bbedfbf1f305f3c30bb584aa03d1d73451'} |
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Goodyear News
Best in the dry. Best in the wet. Goodyear wins Evo tyre test with Eagle F1 Asymmetric
19-09-2007Product group: Car Category: Test awards
The new Goodyear Eagle F1 Asymmetric has taken its first major independent UK tyre test victory, with 'Evo' magazine declaring the latest Goodyear ultra-high performance tyre as the dominant winner in a comparison of nine brands.
Goodyear F1 Asymmetric - Alfa
The test was particularly significant because the Goodyear Eagle F1 Asymmetric topped the handling tests in both wet and dry conditions, underlining how the tyre's unique Active CornerGrip Technology ensures performance and safety without any compromise.
The test took place at the Bridgestone Research and Development centre, and measured handling, aquaplaning resistance and braking using a Volkswagen Golf GTi. The Goodyear set the fastest lap times in wet and dry conditions, generated the most cornering force and had the shortest stopping distance in the wet. The test drivers raved about the Goodyear performance: "The steering feels clean, direct and positive. It is a decisive win for the new Goodyear" stated Jethro Bovingdon from Evo.
The test highlighted the surprisingly big differences in new tyre performance. On the wet handling track, the Goodyear was able to lap 7.5 seconds faster than the ninth placed tyre. That means that in less than ten laps of the circuit, an identical Golf GTi fitted with the worst-performing tyre would be a full lap behind the Goodyear-shod car in the wet.
It was a similar story in an emergency stop situation as well. Evo found that the Goodyear could brake from 55mph an incredible 12.5 metres shorter than the worst performing tyre. This is the equivalent of two and a half car lengths.
The performance of the Goodyear is a result of its unique design: "In itself, an asymmetric tread profile is nothing new", stated Edouard Michel, project manager at Goodyear, and responsible for the development of Goodyear's ultra-high performance tyres., adding: "but the Eagle F1 Asymmetric also premieres an asymmetrical construction - an aramid layer in the inner sidewall of the tyre that optimizes the cornering performance" This new trademarked Goodyear technology is called Active Cornergrip Technology.
Active Cornergrip Technology provides a more even pressure distribution across the contact patch during cornering, which consequently provides more grip. Michel continued: "This technology dramatically improves grip in corners, while at the same time reducing abrasion, which significantly increases tyre mileage." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9212631583213806}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '31082', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DRLJ4OBYZX2TT3SHXIQC3QWNIWEPBLT2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0f6426d9-90e1-4609-bb72-1dd0f40c9c2e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 30, 2, 33, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '167.232.242.113', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4MVJ3AGSOI2XZ5T4O2CCOHN4QXX4MHMD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a21ca71c-71b6-4d52-8b28-b40eac2e6810>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.goodyear.eu/ie_en/news/82585-goodyear-eagle-f1-asymmetric-wins-evo-tire-test/index.htm?group=passenger', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:892ed1ec-e9d8-4d4a-b32d-3cebf4bd8dc8>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '397', 'url': 'http://www.goodyear.eu/ie_en/news/82585-goodyear-eagle-f1-asymmetric-wins-evo-tire-test/index.htm?group=passenger', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-06\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for January 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.023005545139312744', 'original_id': '1327d984ae528f2f98741ddba4e4f6ab63199046769b953274bed096ceac52cb'} |
I really want to get this going....
Wednesday, August 31, 2005
I never learned why or how but they took down the enormous light brigade before it was found fomenting another revolution for pennies (and they sang a song of sixpence a pocketful of rye) and if four and twenty blackbirds did anything they gave Jolly Roger a black eye but it wasn't anything I could see (so I never paid it no mind) and it wouldn't have mattered anyway [1. the Italian man was polishing - with a vengeance - his car; 2. police sirens - big time - were blaring loudly in the background; 3. the night was dark and it seemed extra long] and this morning - as a for instance - I watched the sun come up from a Main Street bench outside some stupid bagel shop run by Mayans - they made coffee and I daresay it tasted like 'anything else' - which I suppose is better than 'anything but' - but when did the bagel industry get turned over (I wondered) to people from Peru ? and it didn't take me long to find out ONE ostensible reason for all that - the street right there at 6AM is used as a point of congregation by tens of Mexicans and tens of Costa Ricans and tens of whatever else MEN who gather there each day and [as I watched] get picked up for day labor by landscape crew chiefs plumbers and masonry and tile contractors and electricians [I swear 'tis so I saw it with my own eyes] and while everyone waits for everyone else to arrive they all mill about and most of them utilize the bagel shop to sit in or if not then to at least buy coffee or food while they wait and (wouldn't you know it?) coincidentally behind the counter are two young nubile senoritas in the simplest small tee shirts advertising their unique peninsular charms so as to get 'them gardener boys' all hepped up for another day's work - and sell some bagels on the side and because of all that at the least there was street activity going on beneath a grand cacophony of birds - whose break-of-day celebratory chirpings were loud and constant - and I thought to myself how all-pervasive Nature is even now underneath all things and just beyond our constant comprehension as it just goes on remonstrating with itself and developing and changing even as WE - paltry land-bound suckers - attend to shrubs and trees and fill the ground with landscape mavens and croupiers of the hedgerow all in spite of and unaware of and not cognizant in any way of what NATURE really is and how we too are merely a part of it BUT be that all as it may the campaigners for morning work here settled in and next to me on the outdoor bench I watch an electrician sit and he turns to me and says 'chilly a little no?' and I say 'yeah that it is' and look at his truck - battered worn old pickup with his lettering on the sides and a tool rack and piping rack built into the back and I realize he's probably mixing me up with the laborer he's supposed to be meeting but I say nothing nor does he and then he takes out a bright yellow cell phone and reads some message on it and a few minutes later he simply stands up walks away and intercepts a fellow walking towards us and nods and they both get into his truck and drive away and just a few minutes after that I SWEAR a 1962 maroon Chevrolet pulls up to the curb (as in some California LA scene B flick) and out from it emerge 3 Mexican guys - dark barrel-chested yet small and crew-cutted on top - bearing all the earmarks of work-in-the-heat hot summer laborers and the three head into the bagel shop leaving the car and emerge ten minutes later with 3 coffees in tow and a sackful full of something to eat and they pile back into the car with 2 additional men and they head out for another day in the occasional Jersey fields of lawn and garden (and I can't see the future yet I KNOW I'm not in it) - and the dreadnought taxi brigade too had been working its way towards wherever it needed to go : Rutgers kids airport mamas businessmen on the way - they each lined up to wait a ride and the old school-hall on the wayward hill once a great expanse of widening lawn is now but a paved-over jacket of campus police cars and weary parking spots - dorms and residences and 1960's zoom-zoom architecture clean and sterile to the view - and those who come to pay respects end up paying and that's abut it BUT all in one everything matches and no one is unhappy and ONCE MORE oh my God near me sit down four (this time) Russians speaking a fabulous tongue (and funny it must be for they all laugh uproariously) two guys and two striking dames seemingly all in control of one another - they mingle to eat and eat to mingle but never stop their discourse once and twenty minutes later they too are gone while I remain - sitting in my chair and reading Mark Twain (really) : 'shabbiness and dishonesty are not the monopoly of any race or creed but are merely human'.
At 10:16 PM, Blogger Molly said...
Ok this might sound strange but sometimes your stuff reminds me of e.e. cummings. I can't quite explain why but it does, and I hope you take it as a compliment because he is one of my favorite poets.
At 10:23 PM, Blogger Molly said...
lol :).
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The human-AI hybrid is more accurate than humans or AI on their own.
AI can now detect lungbreastbrainskin and cervical cancer. But in the world of medical AI, figuring out when to rely on experts versus algorithms is still tricky. It’s not merely a matter of who is “better” at making a diagnosis or prediction. Factors like how much time medical professionals have and their level of expertise also come into play. To address this, researchers from MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) developed a machine learning system that can decide to either make a prediction or defer to an expert.
Most importantly, the system can adapt when and how often it defers to a human expert, based on that teammate’s availability, experience and scope of practice. For instance, in a busy hospital setting, the system may ask for human assistance only when necessary.
The researchers trained the system on multiple tasks, including looking at chest X-rays to diagnose conditions like a collapsed lung. When asked to diagnose cardiomegaly (an enlarged heart), the human-AI hybrid model performed eight percent better than either the AI or medical professionals could on their own.
“There are many obstacles that understandably prohibit full automation in clinical settings, including issues of trust and accountability,” says David Sontag, lead author of a paper that the CSAIL team presented at the International Conference on Machine Learning. “We hope that our method will inspire machine learning practitioners to get more creative in integrating real-time human expertise into their algorithms.”
Next, the researchers will test a system that works with and defer to several experts at once. For instance, the AI might collaborate with different radiologists who are more experienced with diverse patient populations.
The team also believes their system could have implications for content moderation because it can detect offensive text and images. As social media companies struggle to remove misinformation and hate, a tool like this could alleviate some of the burdens on content moderators without resorting to full automation.
This article is retrieved from
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Butter Chicken Vs. Chicken Tikka Masala: They Are Actually More Different Than You May Believe
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Food & Drink 1.4K views 0
At the first sigh, butter chicken vs. chicken tikka masala looks like two the same meals and they come from India, right? Wrong! These are not the same meals and there are more differences than you may believe. In other words, these meals don’t have anything in similar except the chicken meat they use. So, what the differences are?
Butter Chicken Vs. Chicken Tikka Masala
The first dish on our list, the butter chicken is actually an Indian dish that came from the northern parts of the country. The inventor is Kundan Lal Gujral, a chef from the 40s in New Delhi who had a restaurant called Moti Mahal.
He needed a way to prevent chicken meat from drying out once cooked so he decided to stew it in a mixture of butter, spices, and tomatoes. This is how the butter chicken was born. The actual year when it was invented is 1948. As such, the meal became so much popular and so special that nowadays it can be found in all parts of the world.
Chicken tikka masala is not an Indian dish, despite the fact what you believe. It is actually a British dish invented in the 60s. That’s why it has a separate set of flavors, spices, and ingredients in general.
Chicken Tikka Masala
Chicken Tikka Masala. Photo Credit: Kelly Sue via Wikimedia
Yes, the main element is still chicken meat, but the similarity ends here. You will find a lot of restaurants, especially in the United States that offer two meals or just one and not know the difference. Now you know and it is up to you to decide which one you want.
In general, butter chicken is richer in spices and in flavors, while tikka masala is not so flavor rewarding. Of course which one you prefer cannot be generalized and it depends solely on your, individual preferences.
As you can see, butter chicken vs. chicken tikka masala are two completely different foods. One comes from India and from the 40s, while others come from the United Kingdom and the 60s. At the end of a day, it is up to you to decide which dish you actually prefer, but we did our job and we helped you in revealing the major differences. Of course, the taste is different as well, but this is something you will have to figure all out yourself.
See also: Chicken Base
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mm 111 posts
Monica Chortle
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Mark Pearl
What’s the difference between Architect & a normal Developer?
Software architecture is about the significant design decisions, where significance is measured by cost of change”
I see the difference between a normal developer and a software architect being that a normal developer primarily has a high involvment in maintenance and development of the system at hand. The architect still has a level of involvement in maintenance and development at hand, but also is a key player in providing guidance to a team when they are looking at significant design decisions.
I also see part of the role of the architect to get involved in
• Championing cross cutting concerns between systems
• Challenges the development team to help them implement a better design.
• Championing and identifying and balancing functional requirements a system (scalability, compatability, performance, etc).
• Championing and identifying suitable technology stacks and frameworks for a system
Mentoriship & Knowledge Share
• Architect should be providing technical leadership in teams, they should be helping teams identify technical areas of improvment at a regular cadence
• Provide regular (weekly) 1-on-1 mentorship for one or two experienced developers
• Reguarly pair/mob with teams to provide hands on mentorship in crafting code, TDD, design, etc
How much architecture should you have?
Just enough architecture
The role of a TA in Development
Software Architecture for Developers by Simon Brown
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Want to get my personal insights on what I learn as I learn it? Subscribe now! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9406017065048218}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '17743', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TCIUBQOEIPLD7OHDIRYMG4ZZORXJBEZ2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:3ff90ad4-7fe7-4319-8342-09eb0b0c4d41>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 14, 22, 22, 10), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.199.109.153', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2Q4BDE7CP5URGSG34HH4UY4R65Z4XNVG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3f3a0995-a7a7-4c9a-8a68-1609bdf6000f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://blog.markpearl.co.za/Technical-Architect', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:799bdd34-80b3-4587-9a13-d7a175635f72>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '240', 'url': 'http://blog.markpearl.co.za/Technical-Architect', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-237-200-77.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.021137773990631104', 'original_id': 'b1b03e1dc8ba6684b057c050293d7c0b6e24298caa4625ed8ee76ed551e61f93'} |
Category:United Kingdom case law by topic
Wikimedia category
Category:United Kingdom case law by topic instance of Wikimedia category
Category:United Kingdom case law by topic category combines topics by topic
Category:英国各类判例法
维基媒体项目分类
Category:英国各类判例法 隶属于 維基媒體分類
വര്ഗ്ഗം: വിഷയം അനുസരിച്ച് യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിംഗ്ഡം കേസ് നിയമം
വിക്കിപീഡിയ:വർഗ്ഗീകരണം
വര്ഗ്ഗം: വിഷയം അനുസരിച്ച് യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിംഗ്ഡം കേസ് നിയമം തരം വിക്കിമീഡിയ വർഗ്ഗം | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6996004', 'collection': 'Wikidata', 'open_type': 'Semantic data', 'license': 'CC0', 'date': '', 'title': 'Category:United Kingdom case law by topic', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'Multilingual', 'language_type': 'Semantic data', 'word_count': '52', 'token_count': '253', '__index_level_0__': '4306', 'original_id': '98c6a57c018f59bb4467533bc73a817bcbdae6465ba1e206b1009af86df81c72'} |
2017-18 Season
Isabella
by Karen L Waterfield
Directed by Karen L Waterfield
Thursday to Sunday from November 2rd to 18th, 2017
It’s August 1914, Canada has entered WWI, Halifax is in a state of preparation, and Isabella is engaged in preparations of her own.The 19-year-old Scottish lass is approaching her wedding day.A new country, a new life, we follow her journey through war-time in the harbour city.And if that’s not enough, before the war ends, Isabella is caught, as thousands of others, in the devastation of the Halifax Explosion.In a time of enduring stories of resilience in the face of disaster, Isabella’s is one to be remembered!
Based on the experiences of Isabella Sudds, with gratitude to her family and in fond memory of Keith Sudds.
Buying The Moose
Written by Michael G Wilmot
Directed by Bryn Rowlands
Selected dates from March 1th to 17th, 2018
After his wife discovers him at home, alone, in a, well, rather unusual situation; Rob is left in the cold when she assumes the worst!When Betty leaves, Rob connects with his brother Greg, befuddled but reluctant to explain the ‘situation’.Meanwhile, his wife seeks solace and understanding from Greg’s wife, Cheryl.This comedy with heart and personal discoveries will make you laugh out loud.
Sex Please We’re Sixty!
Written by Michael Parker and Susan Parker
Directed by Clair Henderson
Selected dates from May 31 to June 16, 2018
Mrs. Stancliffe’s Rose Cottage Bed & Breakfast has been successful for many years. Her guests (nearly all women) return year after year. Her neighbour, the elderly, silver-tongued, Bud “Bud the Stud” Davis believes they come to spend time with him in romantic liaisons. The prim and proper Mrs. Stancliffe steadfastly denies this, but really doesn’t do anything to prevent it. She reluctantly accepts the fact that “Bud the Stud” is good for business. Then there’s her other neighbour, and would-be suitor, Henry Mitchell.And, the guests, Victoria Ambrose, a romance novelist whose personal life seems to be lacking in romance; Hillary Hudson a friend of Henry’s, and Charmaine Beauregard, a true “Southern Belle”!Bud attempts to entertain all three women, with a little pharmaceutical help, and, of course, plenty of misunderstandings! When the mayhem settles down, all the women find their lives moving in new and surprising directions. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '626c64fcf8a5c037133c6a614131390123f1c3dce7d60de196ec87c63912440e'} |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a PLL (phase-locked loop) circuit which is used in an optical disk device which records/reproduces information to/from a disk-like recording/reproducing medium. More particularly, the present invention relates to a PLL circuit which generates a signal of which the phase is synchronized with wobbling in case of recording/reproducing information to/from an optical disk on which the track is wobbled.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, in a case where data is recorded/reproduced to/from an optical disk, address information previously embedded on the optical disk is detected to search for a location on the disk, a desired track location on the disk is accessed based on the detected address information, and then user data is recorded/reproduced to/from the accessed location. Here, on many kinds of optical disks, address information and clock information are embedded by finely wobbling a groove in its width direction.
In the optical disk like this, typically a wobbling constitution has a sine wave shape, and thus a reproduced wobbling signal has approximately a sine wave shape. Then, the address information is embedded by executing modulation such as FSK (frequency shift keying), PSK (phase shift keying), MSK (minimum shift keying) or the like to a part of the reproduced wobbling signal or by providing pre-pits on the land between the adjacent grooves in parallel with the wobbling of the groove.
In case of reproducing the addresses on the optical disk like this, some kind or another carrier signal synchronized with the reproduced wobbling signal is generated, detection timing of the address information such as a PSK modulation component or a pre-pit arranged only a part of the wobbling is captured, and a bit value which is the address information is detected based on the captured timing.
Further, in order to execute velocity control to achieve constant liner velocity, spindle control is executed based on the above carrier signal so as to make a sine-wave frequency of the wobbling signal constant.
Consequently, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-362630, a PLL circuit is used to generate the carrier signal synchronized with the wobbling signal. Here, the PLL circuit includes a phase comparator (phase error detector), a loop filter and a VCO (voltage controlled oscillator). Hereinafter, the PLL circuit which generates the carrier signal synchronized with the wobbling signal is called a wobble PLL circuit.
As a phase detection method in the wobble PLL circuit, a so-called heterodyne detection method of detecting a beat component which is a frequency difference between two signals respectively having close frequencies is used.
Incidentally, FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a PLL device (circuit). In FIG. 14, the PLL device includes an AD (analog-to-digital) converter 101 having a ten-bit width, a multiplier 102, an LPF (low-pass filter) (or a carrier cut filter) 103 for eliminating a frequency component twice the carrier signal, a loop filter 104, and a digital VCO 105. Here, it should be noted that the LPF 103 is also called a carrier cut filter as illustrated in FIG. 14.
In FIG. 14, a wobbling signal photoelectrically converted by a not-illustrated optical pickup and then reproduced through a matrix operation is converted into ten-bit digital data by the AD converter 101, and then multiplied to an eight-bit carrier signal by the multiplier 102. By doing so, a frequency difference component and a frequency sum component between the wobbling signal and the carrier signal are generated. Then, the generated frequency sum component is eliminated by the LPF 103 whereby only the generated frequency difference component can pass through the LPF 103. Subsequently, based on the passed frequency difference component, a control signal is properly generated by the loop filter 104 having a loop characteristic, and the generated control signal is then supplied to a control input of the digital VCO 105 to form a loop as illustrated in FIG. 14, thereby controlling the frequency of the carrier signal which is output from the digital VCO 105.
By applying such a constitution as above, it is possible to generate the carrier signal which is phase-locked with the wobbling signal.
Incidentally, there are occasions when the DC (direct current) characteristic and the amplitude of a wobbling signal sent from an optical disk vary according to an amount of laser beam and reflectance of the disk. Therefore, to be able to accurately process the wobbling signal like this, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-362630 and the above description, the multi-bit AD converter is used. Further, in the multiplier disposed at the subsequent stage of the AD converter, the AD-converted signal is multiplied to the multi-bit carrier signal.
Here, if it is assumed that the frequency of the reproduced wobbling signal is about 960 KHz, a sampling signal of which the frequency is 20 times or more the frequency of the wobbling signal is necessary to accurately reproduce the signal, whereby the operation frequency of about 20 MHz is necessary for the AD converter. Further, if it is assumed that the number of bits of the AD converter is ten and the number of bits of the carrier signal is eight, the multiplier having the 18-bit output has to operate at 20 MHz.
Ordinarily, as the operation frequency or the number of bits of the AD converter increases, the circuitry of the AD converter itself becomes complicated, and also power consumption increases. Further, as the number of bits of each of the two inputs to be multiplied increases, the size of the circuitry of the later-stage multiplier increases. Furthermore, as the size of the circuitry increases, operation velocity in an actual IC circuit is limited.
On the other hand, if decreasing the number of bits of the wobbling signal or the carrier signal or decreasing the frequency of the sampling signal, it decreases an S/N ratio of the wobbling signal after digitalization or decreases an S/N ratio in case of phase error detection, thereby resultingly degrading phase detection accuracy. As a result, there is a fear that performance of the PLL circuit degrades.
Further, as described in Japanese Patent Application No. H10-190468, in case of achieving all or a part of the circuits such as the multiplier and the like by analog circuits, the whole constitution is sensitive to temperature characteristics and element variations, whereby it is difficult to maintain sufficient circuitry performance.
Furthermore, in case of recording/reproducing the data to/from the disk at a high velocity, it is necessary to detect the phase error in the wobble PLL circuit at a high velocity. However, the above-described conventional circuitry constitution is not suitable for such a high-velocity operation.
In consideration of such problems as described above, a constitution which suppresses circuitry size and power consumption and has sufficient circuitry performance is desired for the PLL circuit. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '4cd03cc89ce2f3df4d436a3537ad6447012ade023768d7e294bf7de3c46278fc'} |
If you owe child support, you may be wondering if the courts can levy your LLC bank account. Indeed, this may be a serious concern, if revenue from your LLC has slowed or stopped, and you need more time to pay your debt. The short answer is that no, your LLC bank account cannot be accessed by bank child support services directly. The long answer is: it’s complicated, and is ultimately up the court. To kick things off, let’s take a moment to review what child support is and how it works.
How Child Support Works
Both biological parents have a responsibility to support their child financially, and this obligation is not a condition of marriage. Child support is a series of court-ordered payments paid by a non-custodial parent. Most states require the person making these payments to do so until one of the following conditions is met:
• The child is no longer a minor.
• The child enlists in the military and is considered active duty.
• You lose parental rights because the child was adopted or through some other legal proceeding.
• Your child is emancipated by the court.
In the case of joint custody, the amount each parent pays, is based on the percentage each parent contributes to the total income. It is also based on the percentage of time each parent will have physical custody of the children. Each state has its own formula for determining exact payments.
What Is an LLC?
A limited liability company is a relatively simple business entity that provides pass-through taxes and limited liability for business debts. In other words, it is legally separate from its owners. What this means is that unlike other structures, such as S Corp or C Corp, when you own a limited liability company, you report profit and loss on your individual tax return. Additionally, forming an LLC allows you to protect your personal assets, should your business run into financial woes. Under the LLC structure, your personal assets generally can’t be pursued by business creditors.
Naturally, the creditors could still sue for collection and attempt to gain access to the LLC’s bank account and other assets. But in general, an LLC keeps your personal assets safe by ensuring that you’re only risking the money you’ve invested in the business. There are, of course, exceptions. For instance, if you have personally guaranteed any debt associated with the business, you would still be on the hook for it. Additionally, if your LLC has unpaid payroll taxes, you may have to pay those out of your own pocket.
Operating an LLC
When you create an LLC, you must obtain an employee identification number from the IRS. When you have your EIN, it is essential that you conduct all LLC business with that EIN. Furthermore, all contracts and invoices must be in the LLC’s name.
Arizona is one of the few states that allows individuals to establish single-member LLCs. As a single-member LLC, it is essential that you sign all documentation as the president or managing member. Failure to do so can render your LLC protection void and can impact whether or not child support services can access your LLC’s bank account.
Additionally, you must properly operate your LLC at all times. Failure to do so could spur a judge to nullify your LLC protection. For instance, business owners who mix business assets with personal assets are in danger of losing LLC protection. Failure to maintain LLC insurance can also result in being liable for business debts if someone files suit against you for wrongdoing or negligence.
The LLC and Child Support
Because an LLC is an independent business entity, it would appear on the surface that any bank account associated with it cannot be garnished. Not so fast. Because an LLC is, by definition, an employer, if you’re paying yourself a salary, that salary could be subject to garnishment. In other words, even though the bank account that the salary is drawn from is protected, the salary is not.
In the case of a single-member LLC, a child support agency—or a parent acting alone, could sue and attempt to levy against the LLC. This is because the LLC is presumably an asset owned by the defendant. Whether or not this would work is another matter altogether. However, it is worth noting that according to the Arizona Child Support Guidelines, gross income includes income from any source, including, but not limited to:
• Salaries
• Wages
• Commissions
• Bonuses
• Dividends
• Severance pay
• Pensions
• Interest
• Trust income
• Annuities
• Capital gains
• Social security benefits
• Workers' compensation benefits
• Unemployment insurance
• Disability insurance benefits
• Recurring gifts
• Prizes
It is reasonable to assume, therefore, that any money paid from an LLC to a personal account would be subject to seizure. Furthermore, it is conceivable that bonuses, salaries, wages, dividends and pensions earmarked for an employee, but held in the LLC’s account, may be seized. Ultimately, this would be determined by the court. Case-by-case consideration is required, so therefore, a definitive answer cannot be given. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9513135552406312}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '142575', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KEOUUNSOSPAU5WCIXZE4OHG5SJS6ZRWJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4c201e6d-8c13-4dcd-b829-cf890ed891d6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 16, 20, 29, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.227.13.179', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XRO65LRXA4XBCJZZFXSETIC3XQDKWANM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:11207761-68db-4a68-b8e0-a2e57ce286c6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/can-single-member-llc-bank-account-frozen-due-owner-owing-child-support-24721.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:69f5a426-2205-4317-8746-376ef41a0ced>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '817', 'url': 'https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/can-single-member-llc-bank-account-frozen-due-owner-owing-child-support-24721.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-67.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.18185722827911377', 'original_id': '58842a180ba0ae59f8f939d02c998df188dfd1531216949a6eeef65c3bb07be8'} |
“A Narcissist is someone who after taking the trash out gives the impression he just cleaned the whole house”
Have you ever got the sense that your partner thinks he/she is generally superior to you, or more entitled to things than you are? Does he/she find a host of ways to devalue you or ignore you? Does he/she try to control you? If so, you may be living with a Narcissist.
If you are in a relationship with a Narcissist, it will be a one-way relationship, as he/she is particularly self- absorbed.
Narcissism is considered a spectrum Disorder, which means that there are degrees of manifestation of the characteristics, so a person could have a couple of Narcissistic traits, or have many and be considered to have a full blown Narcissistic Personality Disorder, as defined in the DSMIV, or sit anywhere in between.
The 9 Characteristics of Narcissism
An exaggerated or grandiose sense of self importance that isn’t supported by reality. He/she believes that his/her priorities, interests, opinions and beliefs are better than or more important than others and as a result, they feel entitled to dominate and control those around them. He/she can even seem quite modest in public about these views, but usually at home these are evident.
A preoccupation with fantasies of extraordinary success, power, beauty or love. He/she lives more in a fantasy world of their own making than in reality of both successes and recognised failures.
A belief that he/she is special and unique and can only be understood by other special people. He/she sees himself/herself as more special than others, whether it be more accomplished, more feeling, more giving, more ethical, more long suffering, more insightful, etc.
An intense need for admiration. When in conversation, he/she can’t listen attentively and will bring the conversation back around to him/her. Often partners of a Narcissist will refer to the one thing they have in common with their Narcissist partner is that they both love him/her.
A delusional sense of entitlement. He/she feels that rules, regulations and normal standards don’t apply to them, and also may find hard work, working toward a goal, illness and injury difficult to cope with, as they believe themselves to be above these kind of common things.
A tendency to exploit others without guilt and remorse. He/she is a “user” who may manipulate situations such that others end up doing all the work (and the Narcissist often gets the glory), or may end up losing their money. He/she will also promise things that they never deliver on.
An absence of meaningful empathy for others. This is almost a universal trait with all Narcissists. He/she is so caught up in their own grandiose fantasy life that they pay no real attention to others in any genuine way. In the courting stage, he/she will use “fake empathy”, but beyond this stage, partners of Narcissists feel completely unsupported and not understood.
A tendency to be envious or to assume that he/she is the object of others envy. He/she will be very envious if others close by have more than him/her, and will usually express this as contempt, distain and belittling towards them.
An arrogant attitude. He/she will often be judgemental and condescending toward anyone who they feel is not up to their high standards and will regularly “put down” others to bolster their own self esteem.
The more of these qualities you find in your partner (or yourself) the closer they (or you) are to a Narcissistic Personality Disorder end of the spectrum, which means the more difficult (or impossible) they will be to live with, or to maintain a healthy relationship with.
Research has shown that approximately 75% of those with Narcissistic traits are male and 25% are female.
How do partners feel when they are attempting to have a relationship with a Narcissist?
In a way that you often can’t exactly identify clearly you can feel:
- Very disappointed and disillusioned about who he/she seems to be now, compared with who he/she was in the beginning stages of the relationship
- Confused because of the lies and half truths he/she continually feeds you
- Hurt and shell shocked because of the myriad of ways he/she belittles, criticises and blames you
- The relationship feels unrewarding because it never feels that he/she is really there, and it is not possible to share any real intimacy with him/her
- Unhappy because he/she always tries to undermine the happiness you create for yourself
- Untrusting of yourself because you don’t know what to trust anymore, wanting a real and happy relationship but always feeling that it is not available to you
- Intensely frustrating when he/she can’t be reasonable or honour agreements or work with you for a win-win solution
- Utter perplexity at how he/she can be so sweet and nice one minute, and so mean and callous the next
- Despair at the dawning realisation that he/she doesn’t really care about you or how you feel.
Trying to relate in a healthy way with someone who has many Narcissistic characteristics in like walking through a minefield.
You will need to develop boundaries and assertive skills and depending on the degree of Narcissism, you may need to leave them. Often counselling with a Psychologist who understand about the specifics of Narcissism can be most helpful.
Author's Bio:
Julie Hart is an Australian Relationship Psychologist who heads the Hart Centre, a team of 70 Psychologists in centres around Australia who specialise in Relationship and Marriage counselling, Anger management and Sex therapy. You can contact the Hart Centre on Phone 1300830552 www.thehartcentre.com.au. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9568198323249816}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '59662', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:UEMG23YNKOZ6U4XKZEC74F6JSADYABLY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:6435c3e3-1814-4afd-be3d-d5d900a98677>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 15, 0, 18, 37), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.121.194.130', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XCFU3FTWBVNGP65RXR6CLMJLI2FEF5IA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b5ac4359-a0c0-4c22-bbbe-30b0e7a3c588>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/are-you-in-a-one-sided-relationship-with-a-narcissist', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:de60b193-61da-4a68-a988-d4c3bfc86561>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '927', 'url': 'https://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/are-you-in-a-one-sided-relationship-with-a-narcissist', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-168.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02365666627883911', 'original_id': '81475400fc2c6b7310e949609d933fd50cb9eda3eb71b0d10cdbb061cce75a7c'} |
Great. Now "Murder Hornets" Have Arrived in Canada.
Hey 2020....can we just calm down?
Insects called "MURDER HORNETS" have made their way to the U.S. and Canada for the first time ever. That's right: MURDER HORNETS. These hornets are up to two inches long and a bee expert at Washington State University says they are, "like something out of a monster cartoon."
The murder hornets kill up to 50 people a year in Japan . . . and their stingers are so long and powerful that they can penetrate beekeeping suits. Fortunately, they don't usually attack people . . . but when they do, look out. They're also a huge predator to honey bees . . . and just a few of these hornets can completely destroy a hive in a few hours. Honey bees are already in a lot of trouble, so this is a new predator they REALLY don't need.
Four sightings have happened in Washington state and British Columbia, Canada. There's no word on how the hornets got here . . . but experts are working on trying to trap them to keep them from spreading. (CTV NEWS)
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Join my mailing list | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9622167348861694}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '534371', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GGNMOJPKJBNWAAL6OY37ILN44WSQMVTP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:af1761c0-43f0-4022-af03-afa66236e926>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 5, 31, 10, 55, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.230.60.96', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BP5DECYLKWZMR7UNNE7S24I5SMYL3HMG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d7f5ab3e-b044-4abf-abcf-315d1e22dd81>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.melanieunfiltered.com/post/great-now-murder-hornets-have-arrived-in-canada', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d1c34a90-7aa1-4292-8716-b01b96a21717>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '184', 'url': 'https://www.melanieunfiltered.com/post/great-now-murder-hornets-have-arrived-in-canada', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-24\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May/June 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-88.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0266454815864563', 'original_id': '654e437edae2f72b3536b00b7d9d86345ba0b732ad3800b836f1e0976ac09ebf'} |
---
title: "Transport Security with Certificate Authentication"
description: Learn about how WFC uses certificates for server and client authentication when using transport security.
ms.date: "03/30/2017"
dev_langs:
- "csharp"
ms.assetid: 3d726b71-4d8b-4581-a3bb-02b9af51d11b
---
# Transport Security with Certificate Authentication
This article discusses using X.509 certificates for server and client authentication when using transport security. For more information about X.509 certificates see [X.509 Public Key Certificates](/windows/desktop/SecCertEnroll/about-x-509-public-key-certificates). Certificates must be issued by a certification authority, which is often a third-party issuer of certificates. On a Windows Server domain, Active Directory Certificate Services can be used to issue certificates to client computers on the domain. In this scenario, the service is hosted under Internet Information Services (IIS) which is configured with Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). The service is configured with an SSL (X.509) certificate to allow clients to verify the identity of the server. The client is also configured with an X.509 certificate that allows the service to verify the identity of the client. The server’s certificate must be trusted by the client and the client’s certificate must be trusted by the server. The actual mechanics of how the service and client verifies each other’s identity is beyond the scope of this article. For more information, see [Digital Signature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature) on Wikipedia.
This scenario implements a request/reply message pattern as illustrated by the following diagram.
For more information about using a certificate with a service, see [Working with Certificates](working-with-certificates.md) and [How to: Configure a Port with an SSL Certificate](how-to-configure-a-port-with-an-ssl-certificate.md). The following table describes the various characteristics of the scenario.
|Characteristic|Description|
|--------------------|-----------------|
|Security Mode|Transport|
|Interoperability|With existing Web service clients and services.|
|Authentication (Server)<br /><br /> Authentication (Client)|Yes (using an SSL certificate)<br /><br /> Yes (using an X.509 certificate)|
|Data Integrity|Yes|
|Data Confidentiality|Yes|
|Transport|HTTPS|
|Binding|<xref:System.ServiceModel.WSHttpBinding>|
## Configure the Service
Since the service in this scenario is hosted under IIS, it is configured with a web.config file. The following web.config shows how to configure the <xref:System.ServiceModel.WSHttpBinding> to use transport security and X.509 client credentials.
```xml
<configuration>
<system.serviceModel>
<protocolMapping>
<add scheme="https" binding="wsHttpBinding" />
</protocolMapping>
<bindings>
<wsHttpBinding>
<!-- configure wsHttp binding with Transport security mode and clientCredentialType as Certificate -->
<binding>
<security mode="Transport">
<transport clientCredentialType="Certificate"/>
</security>
</binding>
</wsHttpBinding>
</bindings>
<!--For debugging purposes set the includeExceptionDetailInFaults attribute to true-->
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior>
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="True" />
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
</system.serviceModel>
</configuration>
```
## Configure the Client
The client can be configured in code or in an app.config file. The following example shows how to configure the client in code.
```csharp
// Create the binding.
var myBinding = new WSHttpBinding();
myBinding.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.Transport;
myBinding.Security.Transport.ClientCredentialType =
HttpClientCredentialType.Certificate;
// Create the endpoint address. Note that the machine name
// must match the subject or DNS field of the X.509 certificate
// used to authenticate the service.
var ea = new
EndpointAddress("https://localhost/CalculatorService/service.svc");
// Create the client. The code for the calculator
// client is not shown here. See the sample applications
// for examples of the calculator code.
var cc =
new CalculatorClient(myBinding, ea);
// The client must specify a certificate trusted by the server.
cc.ClientCredentials.ClientCertificate.SetCertificate(
StoreLocation.CurrentUser,
StoreName.My,
X509FindType.FindBySubjectName,
"contoso.com");
// Begin using the client.
Console.WriteLine(cc.Add(100, 1111));
//...
cc.Close();
```
Alternatively you can configure the client in an App.config file as shown in the following example:
```xml
<configuration>
<system.serviceModel>
<client>
<!-- this endpoint has an https: address -->
<endpoint address=" https://localhost/CalculatorService/service.svc "
behaviorConfiguration="endpointCredentialBehavior"
binding="wsHttpBinding"
bindingConfiguration="Binding1"
contract="Microsoft.Samples.TransportSecurity.ICalculator"/>
</client>
<behaviors>
<endpointBehaviors>
<behavior name="endpointCredentialBehavior">
<clientCredentials>
<clientCertificate findValue="contoso.com"
storeLocation="CurrentUser"
storeName="My"
x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" />
</clientCredentials>
</behavior>
</endpointBehaviors>
</behaviors>
<bindings>
<wsHttpBinding>
<!-- configure wsHttpbinding with Transport security mode
and clientCredentialType as Certificate -->
<binding name="Binding1">
<security mode="Transport">
<transport clientCredentialType="Certificate"/>
</security>
</binding>
</wsHttpBinding>
</bindings>
</system.serviceModel>
<startup><supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/></startup></configuration>
```
## See also
- [Security Overview](security-overview.md)
- [Security Model for Windows Server App Fabric](/previous-versions/appfabric/ee677202(v=azure.10))
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '5c25aa76a0dcfb18103c0469b3afd93d3676734512ef48c636b348138a132ef6'} |
Dive Rescue / Recovery Manikin
Price
The Dive Rescue / Recovery Manikin is constructed using a reinforced, heavy-duty Nylon mesh for the carcass with non-absorbent closed cell foam for buoyancy. The mesh allows the water to flood out of the body as it is being recovered and also allows better ventilation when the manikin hung up to dry. Polypropylene strips running from the shoulder area to the knee joint allow flexibility in and out of the water, but do not allow the manikin to bend in half when using stretchers or recovery devices like the Jacobs Cradle. The addition of the facemask and wig gives a realistic look and feel and aids the identification of a human body in poor visibility.
The manikin has a dry weight of 110 lbs.(50Kg) out of the water and will sink quickly to the desired position; the closed cell foam adds to the buoyancy, giving a weight of 22 lbs (10Kg) in the water which is a realistic weight of a body in the water. They are supplied complete with Wellington boots and protective coveralls which greatly protect the manikin and are user-replaceable if damaged. One of the unique features of this manikin is that it is Sonar-Compatible. Unlike water filled molded plastic manikins, the Ruth Lee manikin has mass and is capable of being seen on sonar. Examine the sonar images and you will see our Dive Rescue / Recovery manikin laying on its side. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '1b23aaa663e7dbcb4fd5552e4ae812d4392a52b27670edf79e717e2ee8e6a082'} |
The fastest way to manifest your desires is to make peace with your current reality. In response to this, many will ask, "but doesn't accepting where I'm at mean that I'm giving up?"
When we continue to fight against the current reality facing us, we're emanating a personal vibration or frequency of resistance. Such a personal vibration will only bring us more of that which we're being resistant to. This is because the all powerful and ever present law of attraction is always at work.
If I'm having trouble paying my bills, continuing to complain about my empty bank account will do nothing more than ensure that my bank account stays empty. However, if I'm somehow able to shift to a state of acceptance regarding my current reality and everything in it, including my empty bank account, then I'm on my way to manifesting a very different reality for myself, complete with an overflowing bank account.
Accepting our current reality does not mean becoming complacent about it. It simply means that I refuse to continue to rail against that which I cannot immediately change. Accepting 'what is' completely changes our personal vibrational frequency. This is the fastest way to utilize the law of attraction to manifest your desires in life.
The moment that we move away from focusing upon what we don't have and we begin to anticipate a solution or become excited about the prospect of moving forward towards our goal, we will experience the feeling of relief. This relief indicates a shift in our personal vibration. Once we reach a place where the thought of our desire brings a feeling of excitement rather than one of dread or lack, we can rest assured that we are getting closer to the actual manifestation of our desire.
When attempting to manifest your desires, making peace with the present is the most important step. This can no doubt be difficult to do at times. Difficult or not, it is necessary if you are to move yourself into a reality where different occurrences and circumstances can readily flow into your experience. The law of attraction is in constant operation, when we choose positive thoughts about our present situation, we are utilizing it to our advantage.
All situations we're attempting to change require the initial acknowledgment of desired change. If I was somehow completely content to have an empty bank account, I'd likely never cultivate the energy to manifest change regarding it. Desire is the precursor to all change and growth. Without desire of some sort, all life would cease to exist. We'd have no means to move ourselves toward further expansion. Desire in itself is not the problem.
The problem occurs when we get caught up in pining for something that we believe is not likely to manifest in our reality. The more we focus upon the fact that we do not have something we're wanting, the more we effectively push it away. Law of attraction dictates that this is so. Somehow when desiring change we must find a way to begin to joyfully anticipate the manifestation of our desire.
The fastest way to manifest your desires is to accept that you do not currently have that thing or circumstance that you are wanting and to then begin reveling in the anticipation of the full manifestation of that desire.
How do you know you're getting close? When you reach the point where thinking about the desire makes you feel good instead of lousy.
Try the following meditation to manifest desire quickly.
Wish Pendant
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Read more about my psychic readings by email | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '104', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9383586049079896}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '19373', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OZCN2R5RRP2KFH57X65XFTH5FHXCLQ5G', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:68f4fd2a-b931-4671-9ba8-c458b6cca730>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 1, 23, 22, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '66.43.62.204', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LEKC6VDMPWG7OTJZDD33VCDDFYHQFQL2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:21bf09d8-6d59-4f40-bb02-4bb8ecd6f858>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.wisdom-of-spirit.com/manifest-your-desires-quickly.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a995192d-66d6-4c3e-9f63-f2e6a98e6044>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '821', 'url': 'http://www.wisdom-of-spirit.com/manifest-your-desires-quickly.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.018131732940673828', 'original_id': 'dade8a7f48df70597e8f665bbe6d9f6b10c45f316860354f4d2bd941fea88d22'} |
Fintech Industry Challenges for the Next Five Years
Fintech Industry Challenges for the Next Five Years
The Fintech industry is rolling out enormously during the last few years. This has posed a really strategic hazard to financial services and selected industries, most notably in areas like repayments, lending, wealth management, insurance, and commercial items. The latest economic slowdown, which has affected every sector of the economy, has had a dire impact on the financing industry, with many companies hurting large cutbacks. The industry is still growing, nevertheless at a much slower rate than before.
Exactly what does it imply for your business? If you are a loan provider or a finance company, the existing state within the industry can be concerning you. Many of the much larger banks have shut down many of their little branches and still have done away with the classic banking providers that they present. If you are one of those organizations, exactlty what can you do to survive in the fintech market challenges of the future? The following is a great assessment of some of the most crucial aspects that may affect you in the next couple of years.
The 1st aspect that will face you is the not enough venture capital. Investment capital is necessary in order to launch new releases and to fund the development of new technologies. It also allows banking institutions to obtain lines of credit and to keep loans to businesses. Without this, there would be very few biotech companies about. Since the development of the capital raising market, yet , there has been a dramatic increase in the amount of investment capital raised and the range of start-ups which have failed.
In answer to this, there are lots of different approaches that financial services companies contain implemented to improve their access to venture capital financing. One of these is to partner with angel investors. These types of investors happen to be prosperous individuals who are ready to give personal money to small and medium sized businesses in exchange for a stake inside their company. This gives the business owner with the means that they need in order to retain the services of employees, broaden into additional markets, or purchase more technology to further improve their current business. Although there are risks involved with joining up with an angel investor, many biotech startups have got successfully acquired capital using this type of supply.
Another difficult task facing the biotech industry is the too much to handle amount info that is available on the internet. This will make it difficult for customers and personnel to locate the answers they require when performing a task that requires info expertise. This kind of results in a decrease in productivity, employee termes conseillés, as well as mistakes because of inaccurate information. In addition to using to upgrade existing program to accommodate within banking techniques due to regulating changes, many businesses may need to start implementing dashes for their personal computers. Automating the managing info helps to reduces costs of the work, making it easier for employees to perform duties that are even more relevant to the current requirements without spending added time searching for related information.
The fintech sector faces the process of trying to attract buyers to their business. As competition increases and banks limit their mortgage options and increase their investment requirements, it makes it increasingly hard for new venture companies to compete. This is certainly particularly authentic in the niche of financial products. Most banking institutions are using financial technologies to improve their organization models. Yet , as financial becomes even more automated, clients are turning to computers intended for everyday bank needs.
When dealing with potential fintech industry strains in the next five years, the most important issues are usually increased info security and reduction in staff burnout. Data security is going to largely impact the way that financial services firms interact with consumers. For example , many organisations will want to decrease their IT costs to be able to free up capital for different projects. Additionally , for the reason that banks enact more rules to regulate how that they control their money, staff members will become not as comfortable as other solutions carrying out their duties. Having a combination of these kinds of trends, it is likely that employment amounts will decrease while new opportunities occur in the business realm.
In terms of new digital solutions, there are probably several technology that will make their particular way in the mainstream of banking providers. For example , customer relationship supervision (CRM) will play an important role. In addition , the cloud will likely effects how banking firms interact with their customers through the delivery of secure on-line transactions. General, the biotech industry will continue to deal with significant troubles as the global economy continually evolve. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '20', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9659420251846312}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '99713', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TSJE4WUQ5CPOTKD347XLHRGUUMKT3NUO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c3a88310-602f-454a-8ecf-7b30e7cee580>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 3, 7, 23, 42, 4), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.163.83', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RFVFNZJIW3QVJEER5MA7EXTIXDVKOSLJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:56fc1d64-1b41-4eda-8236-c01de2a0f84d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://toza.edu.rs/uncategorized/fintech-industry-challenges-for-the-next-five-years', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0692a4f4-08cd-4f82-9bef-7176d00dc6b5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '799', 'url': 'http://toza.edu.rs/uncategorized/fintech-industry-challenges-for-the-next-five-years', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February/March 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-119.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03215700387954712', 'original_id': 'db2940fd1f2709819e3ba15f4cd790048948377742d13af049708eb3f00c3e20'} |
A display controller effects the generation of a visual graphic or alphanumeric image on a display "screen" in response to external input of information. The display can take any desirable form, such as a CRT, an LCD, or a gas plasma panel. A typical controller automatically repeatedly retrieves from memory image data that has been input and stored therein by external circuitry and uses the retrieved image data to automatically form and refresh the image on the display "screen." A controller for a bit-mapped display fetches from memory the patterns for each dot on a line of the display and sends it to the display; at the end of a line automatically generates a horizontal sync or latch pulse; repeats these two steps for each line automatically, i.e., without external stimulus; and at the end of the last line automatically generates a vertical sync or frame restart pulse and then starts the process all over again.
A display controller may constitute a significant portion of the cost of equipment that includes the display and its controller, such as a telecommunications terminal. From a competitive standpoint, it is therefore desirable to implement the controller as inexpensively as possible. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '96fcfbf8b5de1dfc7be142ae64a18dcc9517dac16708b4402df674e01ad665b7'} |
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1. Sorry about that. Divorce and some serious family health issues needed my attention.
2. What is an exceptable price. I'm looking to gouge or be gouged. I must stress that this is only a "feeler" at this point."
3. Well guys...it's a difficult decison, but I may have to dump the PK Ripper due to a pending divorce and terrible economy. This was my dream bike, but maybe in a few years I can get one again (If I sell). Can someone give me a estimated sell price?
4. I work in the alum industry. Aluminum tempers harder and harder as time passes. The harder is gets, the more brittle it becomes.
5. I'm slowly working on this bike. The stem is a suntour and seems short. Is this era specific? Also, what would be the correct seat. The Unicantor looks out of place. Please keep in mind that the seatpost is fluted and has one end tapered.
6. I like you way of thinking! I'll leave the frame "as is," but the cranks, sproket and handlebars are faded. I think I'll get those re-annodized.
7. The guy I bought it from said it was his ex-wifes step son's. He said he belived it to be all original. The Annodizing on the frame is a bit faded. It is not powder coated. I work in the Alum industrial and I'm sure it's annodized. On a side note...the BB bearings are stamped "Schwinn."
8. So should I have it re annodized or keep it as is?
9. These dimensions seem smaller than a standard PK Ripper. Any thoughts?
10. Here are some dimensions I took; 1) Top tube from inside seat tube to inside head tube is 17.75" 2) Head tube is 4" long 3) Down tube from inside seat tube to inside head tube is 17.5" 4) Seat tube from inside bottom bracket to inside top tube is 8" 5) The handle bars are 23" wide 6) The fork tubes are 1" OD
11. Great info! My frame has no serial number anywehere on it. I'll post some pics and dims later tonight (hopefully).
12. Yes they do have a brake hole. They are very light also.
13. Here are some pics of the parts. Not sure of what forks they are. Any ideas?
14. Actually I'm in MN. I bought the bike through a inter-company website. The guy lives in NE. He also has a Powerlite Havock for $100.00 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9660900831222534}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '106592', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PFZN7WOD7OUFCHJYCKHYM6UABUXP6FYN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:27681b4c-6955-4496-abaa-4c6ac9827901>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 8, 25, 20, 41, 54), 'WARC-IP-Address': '45.56.82.17', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XJSRLYD5QIPSGHOC2WXIHPAAOTVIZBJ4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:eba8d82f-0235-41db-8bb0-58a430c5866e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://bmxsociety.com/profile/2533-305hp/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:16093cb6-ca59-4c73-b491-28668fb4bfb2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '432', 'url': 'https://bmxsociety.com/profile/2533-305hp/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-35\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-188.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03720122575759888', 'original_id': 'd7d384425e71b50053d7677642c138f134ab9e2f294c711722e08d619fc2be1c'} |
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«The other Fab Four» by Ben Proudfoot, USA 2019
The Other Fab Four
USA 2019, Doc., 16 Min., OV/d
Director: Ben Proudfoot
In the mid-1960s, four teenagers from Liverpool were changing the face of pop music. Their names were Mary, Sylvia, Pam and Val and the name of their band was «The Liverbirds». The first all-female band of Rock&Roll, not very warmly welcomed by the original «Fab Four», though. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8969932198524475}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '24778', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OKQS4PM3SQNJV76ZSBP2QRDM2EYMNBVX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:dc0db675-be54-4a11-bee8-519da986a4d1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 21, 3, 9, 27), 'WARC-IP-Address': '217.26.52.6', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LFNGRITJT4SY2BDPPPLVYMVB5XXN75WA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:908beba2-9b7f-4a58-b8b7-690639e9ff00>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.lookandroll.ch/en/lookroll-on-tour/frick-2021/?film=6004&accessibility=1', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:400c432c-ff28-42d2-893e-27d50a42bac5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '81', 'url': 'https://www.lookandroll.ch/en/lookroll-on-tour/frick-2021/?film=6004&accessibility=1', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-17\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-253.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02477741241455078', 'original_id': '86187dcc113f5a1697650a939423bf01fbe6a86ac61183ec9565c2028e2982b3'} |
guri guri - 8 months ago 56
Perl Question
perl extract and parse
I am new to Perl and trying to figure out the issue with the script.
2.what changes I can make to accept multiple XML one by one through command line?
3.How to direct o/p of function to text file?
4.How to direct o/p of function to i/p to other function as an argument?
Answer Source
The first question is simple: you declare @vuln and later use %vuln. You can store hash in an array if you wish, but the symbol %vuln has not been declared. So declare my %vuln;.
As for all others, handle it in the driver. The function extract is mostly good as it stands, reading and parsing a single file. Then, there are a number of ways to go about that.
You can loop over @ARGV, calling extract for each submitted file. For example
foreach my $file (@ARGV)
die "No file $file " if not -e $file;
my %vuln = NVD::extract($file);
# deal with %vuln ...
However, given all other checking you'd have to do, it is better to handle command-line arguments using the core module Getopt::Long. It also has options for reading a list of inputs into an array.
Once you are in a loop like the one above (over an array assigned by Getopt::Long), you can open an output file each time through, and write what you need for each processed input file (%vuln). How exactly you'd do that depends on specifics of what should be written to the output file(s).
You can also call other functions after extract and pass %vuln to them.
In principle I'd suggest passing a complex hash around by reference. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9098262786865234}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '39293', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4A4PS5KYNC6WSOWTKJEA2VMNIVHBBN6D', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4de3578b-de23-4bbc-a109-c68140a46607>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 8, 19, 17, 17, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '84.22.103.185', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AWGI7AKWRRE7RKHAWDFOBK7F3VSL4QPT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:bca45715-bba7-4995-9c23-ecf1f475ab98>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://codedump.io/share/VIu7UiUx6haa/1/perl-extract-and-parse', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:07c611a1-2bef-481e-b65e-3cf95752c282>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '262', 'url': 'https://codedump.io/share/VIu7UiUx6haa/1/perl-extract-and-parse', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-233-154-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-34\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.8819781541824341', 'original_id': 'de97f9682caeb01a07d70b7206bd9409c31c012e094ab7200455571ae50d42c8'} |
December Frenzy!!
Save the date!! The December Frenzy is coming up. It will run from December 6 to the 9th. This month the frenzy will be broken down into grade levels and subjects. Each grade is broken into two parts: science and math or ELA and social studies. I am participating in the Kindergarten math and science loop. My freebie is all about math! Here is a sneak peek to one of the math centers...
So don't miss out...mark the frenzy in your calendar and do the loops!!
No comments | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9426741003990172}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '230301', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YH3HF6YIJDA7XXJGJFSWUEZPQPXP24K7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2dba5e1e-7872-409e-825d-8a21f9a59460>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 20, 0, 19, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.58.217.115', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PRKXCPJNQRZ2LR3LDPK5JBXHQ6Q4WO36', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c9619d4d-c962-4c2e-8d40-54a7a32a3221>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.mrspspecialties.com/2013/12/december-frenzy.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:675fd9bc-71df-42ae-9b2a-c92d75269b39>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '90', 'url': 'https://www.mrspspecialties.com/2013/12/december-frenzy.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-141-91-55.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.130720317363739', 'original_id': '1604c73ad3636394e6c9f80cf5428fc1df1f14c63d561a2d5164be1a82d72edb'} |
Many combustion processes produce flue gases contaminated with carbon dioxide that contribute to global warming and environmental damage.
Such gas streams are difficult to treat in ways that are both technically and economically practical, and there remains a need for better treatment techniques.
Gas separation by means of membranes is a well established technology. In an industrial setting, a total pressure difference is usually applied between the feed and permeate sides, typically by compressing the feed stream or maintaining the permeate side of the membrane under partial vacuum.
It is known in the literature that a driving force for transmembrane permeation may be supplied by passing a sweep gas across the permeate side of the membranes, thereby lowering the partial pressure of a desired permeant on that side to a level below its partial pressure on the feed side. In this case, the total pressure on both sides of the membrane may be the same, the total pressure on the permeate side may be higher than on the feed side, or there may be additional driving force provided by keeping the total feed pressure higher than the total permeate pressure.
Using a sweep gas has most commonly been proposed in connection with air separation to make nitrogen or oxygen-enriched air, or with dehydration. Examples of patents that teach the use of a sweep gas on the permeate side to facilitate air separation include U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,240,471; 5,500,036; and 6,478,852. Examples of patents that teach the use of a sweep gas in a dehydration process include U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,931,070; 4,981,498; and 5,641,337.
Configuring the flow path within the membrane module so that the feed gas and sweep stream flow, as far as possible, countercurrent to each other is also known, and taught, for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,681,433 and 5,843,209. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '4aae164713a3d403f6b27dd2dc671c90afea1b7a5acb3a3ed6052c202fba854d'} |
Chambers County, TX - Military - Confederate Indigent Families ******************************************************* Contributed by Veda Mendosa Copyright. All rights reserved. ******************************************************* From: Texas State Library and Archives Commission Copied from: Confederate Indigent Families Lists (1863-1865) "On November 24, 1863, the Texas Legislature passed a Joint Resolution stating that the government pledged "support and maintenance of [the soldiers'] families during their absence from home." In accordance with this Resolution, an "Act to Support the Families and Dependents of Texas Soldiers" passed on December 15, 1863. The Act set aside $1,000,000 annually to be paid the "families, widows, and dependents of soldiers currently serving in State or Confederate forces, or of soldiers killed or disabled in service." Chief Justices of the counties, on or before March 1 in 1864 and 1865, submitted lists of servicemen and the number of their dependents eligible for relief...While the number of dependents are always given, additional information may include some of the following elements: name of the soldier; currently in service; disabled or killed in service; unit; acting head of household." Please be aware that only an index of names appears at this site. Linda Mearse has transcribed the records on file in the State Archives in her book, Confederate Indigent Families Lists of Texas 1863-1865. In order to help preserve the original records, please request the Mearse transcription through interlibrary loan. Please contact your local library for further details. COUNTY NAME | NAME Chambers | Ainsworth, J Chambers | Altman, Jast Chambers | Barber, Addison Chambers | Barrow, J S Chambers | Bryan, Pryor Chambers | Bush, S Chambers | Chambers, Cumberlan d Chambers | Claw, Wm Chambers | Cook, S Chambers | Davis, J H Chambers | Dugat, L E Chambers | Edgar, T H Chambers | Fields, L W Chambers | George, James Chambers | Handcomer, Charles Chambers | Handcomer, Wm Chambers | Hardey, J Chambers | Hill, Colman Chambers | Hill, John Chambers | Hodges, James Chambers | Jurden, James Chambers | Kilgore, Robert Chambers | Kirker, John Chambers | Lablow, Alfonse Chambers | Lawrence, Daniel Chambers | Lawrence, Robert Chambers | Long, Garner Chambers | Martin, W R Chambers | Mayley, Wm Chambers | Mcbride, J E Chambers | Mcdowall, J B Chambers | Mclane, Austin Chambers | Middleton, David Chambers | Miller, James Chambers | Mitchel, Kasper Chambers | Montgomery, John Chambers | Moody, John Chambers | Morton, William Chambers | Moss, Erastus Chambers | Obryan, Luke Chambers | Reeves, T S Chambers | Richey, John A Chambers | Scales, G M Chambers | Shelton, A C Chambers | Sherman, E D Chambers | Sherman, Hambleton Chambers | Sherman, John Chambers | Sherman, Lethrop Chambers | Silvah, Manuel Chambers | Simpson, H Chambers | Smith, John Chambers | Smith, W C Chambers | Stephenson, R G Chambers | Stephenson, U T Chambers | Stroder, Henry Chambers | Tramel, Wm T Chambers | Wallis, D B Chambers | Ward, H R Chambers | Welch, Henry Chambers | Willborn, Benj Chambers | Willborn, John Chambers | Willborn, Louther Chambers | Williams, O H Chambers | Wilsen, W R Chambers | Winfree, Phillip | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '383', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8268861174583435}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '4735', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VURWIAJASKLWWNX4CHZE4TT4HHUZCNML', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d1577bd3-fce3-4222-baa6-128b4afaf126>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 30, 11, 15, 56), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.205.102.15', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TVQJHXAKH7MHFFUOTWEY3WAOVPEHLHDM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2fac2744-15bc-4623-b21a-512e0e6e5c8e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://files.usgwarchives.net/tx/chambers/military/civilwar/pensions/chambngt.txt', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c1476d91-cce1-45cd-a138-cb7a73a37856>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '441', 'url': 'http://files.usgwarchives.net/tx/chambers/military/civilwar/pensions/chambngt.txt', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-30\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.028260767459869385', 'original_id': 'a4c76d81543f772c56546030da3d43714945c195824ad60a129afbf4a6ac2901'} |
siri poison oak ad iphone Careful! That's like waving around $400 cash in New York.
Winkler chased the guy--only to get clobbered by an assistant on the platform. He ended up with a broken jaw.
Thus starts Winkler's story about the rise in "iCrime"--muggers stealing iPhones, iPads, and other "smart" devices and then selling them in secondary markets.
The cops call it "Apple picking." The devices are so valuable and easy to fence these days that the industry is booming. There were 26,000 "incidents" of this in New York in the first 10 months of last year, the vast majority of which involved smartphones.
A "secondhand" iPhone can apparently fetch $400 once it has been wiped clean. Many of them are shipped overseas, where new iPhones can cost $1,000.
Earlier this year, a man in the Bronx was shot dead for his iPhone. A guy in Denver had part of his finger ripped off when thieves ripped an Apple Store bag out of his hands. Rolfe Winkler had to drink through a straw for a month.
The way to prevent this is to make the stolen devices worthless (or close), so carriers are discussing the idea of giving each device a unique ID that can only be used by the owner. To prevent stolen devices from being used on WiFi, meanwhile, it might be possible to allow users (or the manufacturers) to remotely bork the devices if they are stolen--sort of like cancelling a stolen credit card.
(This solution reminds me of the solution to the wave of car-radio theft that hit cities in the 1980s. Walking around the streets of New York in those days, you'd see car windows smashed all over the place. One of the first solutions was allowing owners to remove their stereo systems when they left the cars--sliding them out like a book. The more successful and convenient solution, if memory serves, was electronically encoding the devices so they wouldn't function if they were removed from the car.)
In any event, our sympathies to Rolfe Winkler for his broken jaw. And don't get engrossed in your device on the street or subway, especially when the doors are about to close...
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Rising Interest Rates And Commercial Real Estate: A Primer
There has been much talk recently about what the Federal Reserve’s first interest rate hike since 2006 means for the U.S. economy as a whole. Here we take a look at the impact of rate hikes (current and future) on commercial real estate, examining first the prospective disadvantages and then the potential benefits.
Figuring this out isn’t straightforward, as interest rate changes have multiple impacts on commercial real estate (CRE). Further, the very causes of the Fed decision to raise interest rates may signal that other economic factors are at play, and these, too, may impact CRE.
Further complicating things, the timing of the rate hike coincides with the “maturity
wall” of commercial mortgage-backed securities that need to be refinanced within the next two years. The maturity wall means there will be many borrowers who need refinancing in any case because their loans are maturing, while the rate hike could prompt those borrowers to seek out refinancing sooner rather than later.
It is worth noting that since the recent rate hike is small and the rate remains low – the quarter-point increase raises the target range to 0.25%-0.5% – the current hike may not have a massive effect on its own, but subsequent hikes are predicted for next year.
Federal Reserve Bank Chair Janet Yellen holds a news conference where she announced that the Fed will raise its benchmark interest rate for the first time since 2008. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)
The bad news: Why rate hikes could be bad for CRE
Access to capital is one of the main drivers of any real estate deal, whether acquisition or new development. Higher interest rates mean that borrowers have to pay more in interest than they would if they had borrowed the same amount of money before.
In the short term, these higher rates may prompt concern about future rate hikes and could drive borrowers to seek refinancing now, before rates rise again. Others may wait, and the higher rates could cause greater friction. In the extreme, higher interest rates may constrain property deals, as they can become a barrier to entry for borrowers, who now have to pay more to access money for loans or mortgages.
Cost of capital is a second consideration, as higher rates mean that the “rental price of money” has gone up. This could lead to borrowers paying more interest to lenders (a good thing for financial institutions). However, it could also lead borrowers to get smaller loans in the first place if they calculate that they would not be able to keep up with interest payments on a larger loan, forcing them to either put up more equity or target lower-priced properties. Further, riskier loans (like construction loans) and riskier assets may be even harder to finance efficiently, given the added risk premiums.
Higher capital costs could also increase default risks. These may be bad for lenders, too… that is, unless they are non-traditional “vulture” players employing a loan-to-own strategy and secretly hoping for defaults in order to seize properties. In an extreme situation, if these defaults start to spread, they can ultimately be bad for the economy as a whole.
Property valuations may also be affected. To explain, the copious amounts of cheap debt capital sloshing around the market have buoyed property values. An extended period of increasingly expensive debt, by contrast, may cause valuations to erode.
Property players are not the only ones affected by these changes; the lending institutions themselves may be affected as well. Knowing that higher interest rates erode both borrower net income and property value, lenders could respond by tightening lending standards or loan collateralization. For instance, they could limit lending in riskier markets or reduce the loan-to-value ratio, effectively meaning that they would require a greater proportion of money up front before issuing a loan. They might also require more collateral to back up their loans.
Current loan portfolios are potentially put at risk, not only new lending activity. While lenders can reduce their exposure on new loans by imposing stricter lending criteria, their exposure on existing loans could increase. As noted above, default risks can have an impact on all players.
If a property owner has a net operating income of $1 million and a capitalization rate of 3.75%, for instance, an interest rate hike of just 0.25% will trigger a cap rate hike (and a lower property value) that results in a 5% rise in the loan-to-value ratio, which is a key measure of risk. This could potentially push up a loan from a high but acceptable LTV of, say, 75% to a riskier LTV of 80%, which means that the borrower’s equity will be reduced to just 20% of an existing investment. In the pre-crisis bubble, many lenders were prepared to issue loans for particularly high LTVs.
The Lower Manhattan skyline (AP Photo/Julio Cortez)
The good news: Why rate hikes could be good for CRE
It’s not all bad news. The impact of the Fed’s change and any similar ones in the future could be to “de-risk” the CRE economy and head off another burst bubble. Once again, the more conservative atmosphere and tighter lending standards can make it harder to get a loan. This environment means that higher interest rates give lenders and borrowers alike an incentive to minimize risk, which can reduce the proliferation of the kind of bubble the preceded the recession.
Prudential standards rise too. When lenders and borrowers know that a higher interest rate makes it harder for borrowers to maintain cash flow and for property values to stay stable, both have reason to be more cautious and thoughtful before racing into a loan.
One man’s garbage may be another’s gold, but the financing for this golden garbage may drop off. As a result of higher interest, lenders will need to manage their risk better and become more selective as to which properties they’re willing to finance.
Even a slight dip in property value could make some loans less advisable, and deals involving borderline properties are likely to be most affected. At the same time, other players will benefit, particularly bridge or other specialty lenders who are willing to fund – but at what cost?
And once the traditional lenders become more selective, the borrowers could have to fall in line, since they generally need loans if they want to invest in commercial real estate.
Finally, one more factor to consider – higher interest rates may actually signal a strengthening economy. Indeed, the fact that the Fed has raised interest rates means its economists consider the economy to be in good shape, and a healthy economy is a boon for healthy real estate. The reason? A growing economy, if it becomes inflationary, can lead to higher rental prices and higher sale prices.
“This action marks the end of an extraordinary seven-year period during which the federal funds rate was held near zero to support the recovery of the economy from the worst financial crisis and recession since the Great Depression,” Federal Reserve Chairwoman Janet Yellen said in her announcement of the rate hike. “With the economy performing well, and expected to continue to do so, the committee judged that a modest increase in the federal funds rate target is now appropriate, recognizing that even after this increase, monetary policy remains accommodative.”
So are rate hikes likely to be good for commercial real estate or bad for commercial real estate? As you can see, the answer isn’t black and white, and it’s worth remembering that at the moment interest rates are still low. But ultimately, we can reasonably expect rate hikes to lead to a more conservative and less risky lending environment, for worse and for better.
Ely Razin is CEO of CrediFi, a real estate finance data provider that leverages 200 billion data points to bring transparency to the financing of millions of commercial properties across the U.S. He can be reached at ceo@credifi.com. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ad09b90c18b7b3d460f99430eb40294ce104b2019362edbb3395debe84a0c852'} |
Ursula’s Advice2018-12-27T16:13:43+00:00
Our positive approach is influenced by brilliant authors.
Ready to embark on your journey to a stronger relationship with your dog? There are many books and booklets written by the following authors to get you started: Patricia McConnell, Karen Pryor, Jean Donaldson and Ian Dunbar.
Recommended Books | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.895632266998291}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '59477', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BVP2WM7L5HKP5KTIJBHKV7DBWNFX4DLN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ab41a005-593c-4e13-a053-1a7ac5964bed>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 4, 4, 2, 26, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.71.233.214', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FYRC2UDPYOAHXHWC4OUD22Q32T5PKOSZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:598e7ee4-8fca-41a3-becb-722a697aaa1a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.leadmeontraining.com/ursulas-advice/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:845bd674-444e-44c3-9928-6f2937105bc9>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '50', 'url': 'https://www.leadmeontraining.com/ursulas-advice/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-155.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.6120227575302124', 'original_id': 'fee2474e77f63d46b03a31cdceb9a92d86cf9bebaf4a09705dad9e3ab94187f0'} |
Grammatical gripes
In the classic work, Dante’s Inferno, hell is made up of rings, each one with a punishment more terrible than the last. For example: Cigarette smokers are consigned to the fourth ring, where they will forever have to roll their own because of soaring prices on their favorite filter tips.
“I feel sorry for the much maligned –ly words,” she said wearily. I just got my manuscript back from my editor, and was dismayed to see the number of adverbs which must get the axe. When did we decide that in writing, adverbs belong in the fiery abyss of hell?
I personally have nothing against jauntily, quickly, and quietly, yet I’m sent on a search and destroy mission to eradicate all such offensive language. I get the impression from my editor, that if I use an adverb after dialogue, I open myself to almost certain alien abduction and vigorous probing.
I read a blog recently, in which the writer tackles the “absolute” rules of writing.
Thou shalt not use an adverb
Thou shalt only write what thou knowest
Thou shalt not write unless ye be in a place that serves overpriced coffee
That last one is problematic in that I invariably spend my first five minutes there trying to figure out why the smallest size cup is called a “tall.”
But I digress.
Agents want to see descriptive verbs, so I have little choice but to pull out my Thesaurus and try to decide if saying something loudly should be written as “exclaimed, vented, asserted, spluttered, articulated, growled, or proclaimed.”
So weigh in and let me know what your favorite adverbs are, your least favorite grammatical rule, or what size I should order if I want the largest cup of coffee. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9501575231552124}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '13628', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SHL6KFJ76SJN36JFX4RRAEZEQJ2526OJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5009a1ea-6044-46a4-9bbc-fefb67f0066e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 8, 25, 23, 26, 25), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.27.142.12', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XALX7UCX22JXBQ5SGWFXH2TH6OBY2BYN', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3ee6a76d-0446-4d2d-9379-dd057d064e18>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://restaurant-e-guide.com/tartcookies/thesaurus/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ce02a370-576e-4490-8493-26b1d9d44c2e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '288', 'url': 'http://restaurant-e-guide.com/tartcookies/thesaurus/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-35\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-246.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03600442409515381', 'original_id': '268a1972e43a7c0d70944adaa3c40f726c0dc6812870cc5fc488fb7fce92dace'} |
\section{Schwarz's Lemma}
Tags: Schwarz's Lemma, Complex Analysis
\begin{theorem}
Let $D$ be the unit disk centred at $0$.
Let $f: D \to \C$ be a holomorphic function.
Let $\map f 0 = 0$ and $\cmod {\map f z} \le 1$ for all $z \in D$.
Then $\cmod {\map {f'} 0} \le 1$, and $\cmod {\map f z} \le \cmod z$ for all $z \in D$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
First a lemma:
\end{proof}
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210 Ga. App. 468 (1993)
436 S.E.2d 676
HARDWICK
v.
THE STATE.
A93A1090.
Court of Appeals of Georgia.
Decided September 21, 1993.
Reconsideration Denied October 6, 1993.
Bobby Hardwick, pro se.
Robert W. Hunter III, Solicitor, J. Michael Spence, Assistant Solicitor, for appellee.
JOHNSON, Judge.
Bobby Hardwick appeals from his conviction of obstruction of a law enforcement officer.
1. Hardwick's challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence is without merit. The evidence shows that a police officer asked Hardwick's daughter to move the car she was sitting in because it was improperly parked in a fire lane in front of a grocery store. Several minutes later, Hardwick confronted the officer outside the store and began screaming at him for having made Hardwick's daughter move the car. The officer told Hardwick that he was creating a disturbance and repeatedly *469 asked him to leave the store area. The officer warned Hardwick that if he did not leave he would be charged with disorderly conduct. Hardwick refused to leave and continued yelling at the officer. The officer then told Hardwick that he was under arrest. Hardwick walked away from the officer. The officer followed Hardwick, again told him that he was under arrest and attempted to handcuff him. Hardwick pushed the officer, tried to run away from him and threatened to physically hurt him. Hardwick ran into the store where he continued screaming and struggling with the officer. The officer finally apprehended Hardwick inside the store with the assistance of a store employee. Reviewing this evidence in the light most favorable to the jury's verdict, we find that a rational trier of fact could have found Hardwick guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of obstruction of a law enforcement officer. OCGA § 16-10-24; Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979).
2. Hardwick argues that the court erred in denying his motion to dismiss the charges because he was not advised of his Miranda rights. This argument is without merit because the appropriate remedy for a Miranda violation is the suppression of in-custody statements, not dismissal of the charges. See Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U. S. 436 (86 SC 1602, 16 LE2d 694) (1966). "Miranda warnings are required only when a law enforcement officer initiates questioning of an individual who has been taken into custody or otherwise significantly deprived of his freedom." (Citations, punctuation and emphasis omitted.) State v. Walker, 204 Ga. App. 1, 2 (418 SE2d 384) (1992). "Only in-custody statements by the accused give rise to the issues of voluntariness and the Miranda warnings." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Carroll v. State, 203 Ga. App. 22, 23 (416 SE2d 354) (1992). Hardwick has not pointed to any improper questioning by the police or any in-custody statements which would give rise to the issue of Miranda warnings. The court did not err in denying the motion to dismiss the charges.
3. Hardwick's contention that the court erred in denying his motion to dismiss the charges due to alleged conflicts in the testimony of the arresting officer is specious as it is the function of the jury to determine the credibility of the witnesses and to resolve any conflicts presented by the evidence. OCGA § 24-9-80; Walker v. State, 204 Ga. App. 694 (420 SE2d 375) (1992).
4. Hardwick complains that during voir dire the trial court improperly limited both his questioning of the jury pool and his number of peremptory challenges. "When an appellant seeks to prove error in the trial proceedings, the burden is on him to produce a transcript of the allegedly erroneous matter." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) City of Atlanta v. Atlantic Realty Co., 205 Ga. App. 1, 4 (3) (421 SE2d 113) (1992). As the record does not contain a transcript of the *470 voir dire proceedings, Hardwick has not met his burden and we are unable to consider the merits of these complaints.
5. Hardwick's claim that the court erred in denying his motion for discovery of the State's evidence is wholly without merit as the record clearly shows that the State provided Hardwick with all of the evidence in its possession.
6. Hardwick contends that the grocery store employee who helped the arresting officer apprehend Hardwick improperly placed Hardwick's character in evidence by testifying that he smelled alcohol on Hardwick's breath. Hardwick did not object to this testimony at trial and therefore cannot raise the objection for the first time on appeal. Dukes v. State, 205 Ga. App. 678 (1) (423 SE2d 295) (1992). Even if the issue were properly before us, it is without merit as the evidence was admissible as part of the res gestae of the offense and to show the circumstances of Hardwick's arrest. Sosebee v. State, 169 Ga. App. 370, 371 (2) (312 SE2d 853) (1983).
Hardwick's further argument that the court erred in allowing the store employee to testify about things that he did not personally observe is wholly without merit as a review of the employee's testimony shows that he gave no such testimony; rather, the employee testified only about matters he personally observed.
7. The trial court's charge to the jury that flight or attempted flight after a command from a law enforcement officer to halt may constitute obstruction of an officer was not erroneous as it is a proper statement of the law and is supported by the evidence. Sanders v. State, 204 Ga. App. 545, 547 (1) (b) (419 SE2d 759) (1992); Tankersley v. State, 155 Ga. App. 917, 919-920 (4) (273 SE2d 862) (1980).
8. Hardwick's ninth enumerated error is a general objection to the trial court's refusal to give any of his ten requested jury charges. In his brief, Hardwick has not referred to any evidence in the record or transcript which supports any of his requested charges. Although Hardwick has cited general legal principles in support of his enumeration, he has not applied those principles to any particular requested charge. Under these circumstances, we find that Hardwick's generalized argument in support of this enumeration of error is unsatisfactory for consideration on appeal and the enumeration is therefore deemed abandoned. Court of Appeals Rule 15 (c). Moreover, having examined the court's instructions to the jury as well as the charges requested by Hardwick, we find that taken as a whole the charge given was complete and accurate. Krause v. Vance, 207 Ga. App. 615, 621 (13) (428 SE2d 595) (1993).
9. Hardwick complains that the court erred in refusing the jury's request for a charge on the definitions of the words "dragging" and "running." The record shows that the trial judge told the jurors that although he would not give them such a charge, he would provide *471 them with a dictionary for the definitions. Upon inquiry by the court, Hardwick plainly stated that he did not object to the judge handling the jury's question in this manner. Hardwick's "[a]cquiescence completely deprives him of the right to complain further; he has agreed that the trial court's ruling was correct by submitting to it. Failure to object to the procedure amounts to waiver." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Robinson v. Moonraker Assoc., Ltd., 205 Ga. App. 597, 598-599 (423 SE2d 44) (1992).
10. Hardwick's argument that the court erred in refusing to admit two documents into evidence presents nothing for review because the purported documents, although attached to Hardwick's brief, are not contained in the record. "[A] brief or an attachment thereto cannot be used as a procedural vehicle for adding evidence to the record. We must take our evidence from the record and not from the brief of either party." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Henderson v. State, 203 Ga. App. 733, 734 (1) (417 SE2d 413) (1992).
Judgment affirmed. McMurray, P. J., and Blackburn, J., concur.
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A California woman is in jail after she allegedly pretended to be her ex-boyfriend’s wife in a Craigslist ad that solicited men to rape her, the Los Angeles Times reported. Authorities said Hadley posted an ad in June, saying that she wanted to carry out “rape fantasies,” and sent the woman’s picture and daily routine to men. The district attorney’s office said, “Hadley is accused of telling the responders that the victim wanted the responders to have forcible sexual intercourse with her, even if she screamed or resisted.”
Prosecutors said that men started showing up at the woman’s home, intending to rape her, and that one man actually attacked her, but fled before police responded.
Hadley reportedly had dated the woman’s husband, a U.S. marshal, for two years before he and the woman, who is now pregnant, got married.
Hadley was arrested on June 24 and released on $100,000 bail, but she kept posting on Craigslist and emailed threats against the woman and her unborn child. She allegedly used multiple computers as an attempt to avoid being discovered by authorities, and to get around a restraining order. Police arrested Hadley again on July 14. This time, bail was set at $1 million. She is facing 10 felony charges, including making threats, stalking, assault, and attempted forcible rape. She could end up with life in prison if convicted. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ccf7f246481bc968f2bdaf1e3af33a4e4f138cb7fd53134ddf1128c9780c3161'} |
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Open Access Research article
HIV-1 infection is associated with changes in nuclear receptor transcriptome, pro-inflammatory and lipid profile of monocytes
Barbara Renga1*, Daniela Francisci2, Claudio D’Amore1, Elisabetta Schiaroli2, Adriana Carino1, Franco Baldelli2 and Stefano Fiorucci1
Author Affiliations
1 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06100, Italy
2 Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06100, Italy
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BMC Infectious Diseases 2012, 12:274 doi:10.1186/1471-2334-12-274
Received:17 July 2012
Accepted:25 October 2012
Published:29 October 2012
© 2012 Renga et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Persistent residual immune activation and lipid dysmetabolism are characteristics of HIV positive patients receiving an highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Nuclear Receptors are transcription factors involved in the regulation of immune and metabolic functions through the modulation of gene transcription. The objective of the present study was to investigate for the relative abundance of members of the nuclear receptor family in monocytic cells isolated from HIV positive patients treated or not treated with HAART.
Monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used for analysis of the relative mRNA expressions of FXR, PXR, LXR, VDR, RARα, RXR, PPARα, PPARβ, PPARγ and GR by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression of a selected subset of inflammatory and metabolic genes MCP-1, ICAM-1, CD36 and ABCA1 was also measured.
Monocytes isolated from HIV infected patients expressed an altered pattern of nuclear receptors characterized by a profound reduction in the expressions of FXR, PXR, PPARα, GR, RARα and RXR. Of interest, the deregulated expression of nuclear receptors was not restored under HAART and was linked to an altered expression of genes which supports both an immune activation and altered lipid metabolism in monocytes.
Altered expression of genes mediating reciprocal regulation of lipid metabolism and immune function in monocytes occurs in HIV. The present findings provide a mechanistic explanation for immune activation and lipid dysmetabolism occurring in HIV infected patients and could lead to the identification of novel potential therapeutic targets.
Adhesion molecules; Chemokines; HIV infection; Nuclear receptors
Despite improvements in antiretroviral therapy, to date, the life expectancy of HIV infected patients remains shorter than of the general population [1]. The reduction in the AIDS defining clinical conditions is in part compensated by the development of other co-morbidities, often connected to short or long term metabolic toxicities, as well as to an immune activation status, which can persist despite an effective therapeutic control of HIV replication [2]. A systemic immune activation drives to secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [3] and inflammatory markers are strong and independent predictors of mortality in HIV positive patients [4].
Lipid and cholesterol abnormalities are a common finding in HIV infected persons. Both the HIV infection, per se, and HAART have been linked to these metabolic abnormalities and both represent a well identified risk for the development of atherosclerotic complications [5].
Genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolisms in humans are governed by a family of ligand activated transcription factors [6].
Members of the nuclear receptor superfamily exert their regulatory activity integrating regulatory effects exerted by nutrients with intermediate metabolism by positively and negatively regulating the expression of effector genes [6]. One peculiar characteristic of some of these receptors is their ability to regulate the innate and adaptive immune system. This regulation is, in most cases, inhibitory in nature and results in a profound counter-regulation of inflammatory signaling in macrophages [7].
Nuclear receptors are important therapeutic targets [8], and their patterns of expression in HIV infection are unknown. We have recently demonstrated that the HIV matrix protein p17 regulates the expression of proinflammatory and proatherogenic genes as well as nuclear receptors FXR and PPARγ on monocytic cells in a STAT-1 dependent manner [9]. Noteworthy, we provided evidence that exposure of monocytes to nuclear receptors agonists abrogates the effect of p17 [9]. Supporting the notion that nuclear receptors ligands could be used in conjuction with conventional antiviral therapies in the treatment of HIV infection it has been recently demonstrated that the activation of nuclear receptor signaling contributes to the repression of HIV-1 replication in macrophages [10].
In the present study we analyzed the expression of various nuclear receptors in monocytic cells of HIV infected patients and correlated the expression of the nuclear receptor PPARγ with that of CD-36, a membrane transporter that mediates the lipid up-take on these cells.
We performed our pilot study on 24 subjects: 8 HAART- naïve HIV-infected patients, 8 HAART-treated HIV-infected patients with a viral load < 50 copies/ml from at least 6 months and 8 healthy controls. From February to May 2011 8 never-treated HIV infected patients meeting the clinical criteria of being ≥ 18 y old, without other infections (acute or chronic) and/or histories of dysmetabolic diseases (diabetes, dyslipidemias) were enrolled. In addition, we enrolled 8 HIV positive treated patients and 8 healthy controls, chosen among staff members, matched for age and BMI and satisfying the same exclusion criteria were enrolled. Authorization for collecting and using blood samples from these persons for ex vivo testing was granted by the ethical committee of Regione Umbria (Italy) on July 22, 2010 (authorization number CEAS 1654/20). An informed written consent was obtained from each participant to the study.
Isolation of CD14-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
Peripheral whole blood samples (~ 30 ml) from patients and healthy controls were withdrawn in vacutainer tubes containing EDTA. PBMC were first isolated by density gradient centrifugation using the Hystopaque reagent (Pharmacia Biotech) and then positively selected using CD14 magnetic beads and LS columns according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Miltenyi Biotec). After isolation monocytes were lysated with 1 ml TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen).
RNA extraction and real-time PCR
Total RNA was isolated from CD14-monocytes using the TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) and reverse-transcribed using random hexamer primers and Super Script-II reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). mRNA was quantified by Real-Time quantitative PCR on iCycler apparatus (Biorad) using specific primers: 18S: cggctaccacatccaaggaa and gctggaattaccgcggct; FXR: tacatgcgaagaaagtgtcaaga and actgtcttcattcacggtctgat; PPARα: acgattcgactcaagctggt and gttgtgtgacatcccgacag; PPARβ: gctgagaagaggaagctggt and cgatgtcgtggatcacaaag; PPARγ: gctggcctccttgatgaata and ttgggctccataaagtcacc; LXR: cgcactacatctgccacagt and tcaggcggatctgttcttct; PXR: agctggaaccatgctgactt and cacatacacggcagatttgg; VDR: gcccaccataagacctacga and agaagctgggagtgtgtctg; GR: ggcaataccaggtttcagga and tatgatctccaccccagagc; RARα: aggacaccatgaccttctcg and gtctccgcatcatccatctc; RXR: cctttctcggtcatcagctc and tgacggggttcataggtgag; MCP1: ccccagtcacctgctgttat and tcctgaacccacttctgctt; ICAM1: agcttctcctgctctgcaac and cattggagtctgctgggaat; ABCA1: gcttgggaagatttatgacagg and aggggatgattgaaagcagtaa; CD36: tttctgtatgcaagtcctgat and attaagccaaagaataggcac. PCR amplifications and data analysis were performed as described [11].
Biochemical analysis
Serum levels of total cholesterol, tryglicerides and High density lipoproteins (HDL) were measured with enzymatic colorimetric methods (Cobas Integra 800, Roche, Germany).
Quantification of HIV-1-RNA copy numbers in plasma
Plasma viral load was determined by quantitative reverse PCR using Cobas Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Test, version 1.5, Ultrasensitive (Roche Diagnostic, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA). The limit of detection was 40 copies/ml plasma.
Quantification of the CD4+ lymphocytes subset
CD4+ cell count was carried out in peripheral whole blood collected in EDTA by flow cytometry (CYTOMICS FC 500 BECKMAN COULTER). The absolute count was performed by Flow-count Fluorospheres on EPICS XL BECKMAN COULTER.
Statistical analysis
All values are expressed as the mean ± SEM of n observations per group. Comparisons of more than 2 groups were made with a one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey’s tests. Correlation statistics between the mRNA levels of CD36 and PPARγ were performed using linear regression test. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Patient characteristics
The most relevant characteristics of the patients enrolled in this study are shown in Table 1. HAART-naïve HIV-infected patients had a baseline CD4+ cell count of 396.6 ± 121 cells/ml and detectable HIV RNA (50% > 105 copies/ml). Under HAART therapy, the viral load was always < 50 copies/ml and the CD4+ cell count was significantly higher (851.1 ± 78). The analysis of the lipid pattern revealed that HIV infected patients had a robust reduction of total cholesterol and HDL levels, while triglyceride levels were slightly higher, in comparison to healthy donors. Under HAART, the levels of HDL and total cholesterol were similar to those of healthy donors, while the levels of triglycerides were not significantly higher; despite this, an upward trend was observed. No patients were under lipid-lowering medications. Overall, the metabolic findings were consistent with previously published data [5].
Table 1. Clinical characteristics of study participants
Analysis of nuclear receptor transcriptome
To evaluate the hypothesis that HIV infection may alter the expression of nuclear receptors in monocytes, we performed a semi-quantitative Real-Time PCR in cells isolated from the subjects reported in Table 1. As shown in Figure 1, we observed a strong down-regulation of mRNA levels for FXR, PXR, PPARα, GR, RARα and RXR both in HAART- naïve and in HAART-treated patients. In contrast, up-regulations of VDR and PPARβ mRNA levels were seen in HIV positive naïve patients and were almost completely restored by HAART. Noteworthy, LXR mRNA levels in HAART treated patients were significantly induced compared to healthy donors but not changed compared to HIV-infected patients. Finally, the analysis of the PPARγ gene demonstrated that the expression of this nuclear receptor was unmodified among the examined subjects. These observations lead us to conclude that HIV infection is associated with transcriptome alterations for many nuclear receptors and that HAART is only partially effective in counter-acting these.
thumbnailFigure 1. Panels A-L. Nuclear receptor expression profile in CD14 monocytes isolated from healthy donors, HIV-infected and HAART-treated HIV-infected patients. All values were normalized to relative expression of 18S mRNA and are expressed relatively to the expression of each gene in healthy donors. Analysis was carried out in triplicate (n=8 subjects / group). *P<0.05 versus healthy donors. #P<0.05 versus HIV-infected patients by ANOVA.
Analysis of lipid and inflammatory markers
Since nuclear receptors exert their functions at the interface between inflammation and lipid metabolism, we evaluated the expression of genes involved in immune regulation and lipid metabolism on monocytes isolated from both HAART- naïve and HAART-treated HIV-infected patients. As expected, a robust induction in the expression of the pro-inflammatory chemokine MCP-1 was observed in monocytes of HIV-infected patients, while the HAART mediated suppression of viral replication failed to normalize the mRNA level of this chemokine (Figure 2A). CD36 is a scavenger receptor mediating the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins by monocytes. Here, we found that the expression of CD36 was strongly down-regulated in both HIV infected classes (Figure 2B). We also analyzed the relative mRNA expression of the cell adhesion molecule ICAM-1 as well as of the protein transporter ABCA1 involved in cholesterol efflux from monocytes and found that their expressions were unchanged in untreated HIV infection as well as in HAART (Figure 2C and D).
thumbnailFigure 2. Panels A-D. Relative mRNA expression of MCP-1 (A), CD36 (B), ICAM-1 (C) and ABCA1 (D) in CD14 monocytes isolated from healthy donors, HIV-infected and HAART-treated HIV-infected patients. All values were normalized to relative expression of 18S mRNA and are expressed relatively to the expression of each gene in healthy donors. Analysis was carried out in triplicate (n=8 subjects / group). *P<0.05 versus healthy donors. #P<0.05 versus HIV-infected patients by ANOVA. Panels E-G. HIV positive patients but not healthy donors showed a significant correlation between mRNA levels of CD36 and PPARγ. R, correlation coefficient; P, P value.
Noteworthy, a significant correlation between the mRNA levels of PPARγ and CD36 in HIV-infected naïve patients as well as in patients receiving HAART (Figure 2F and 2G) but not in healthy subjects was found (Figure 2E).
This study reports that HIV infection is associated with a profound dysregulation in the expression of genes encoding for members of the nuclear receptor super family in circulating monocytes.
It is well known HIV infection is associated to a chronic inflammatory condition and lipid abnormalities, with the latter being a consequence or concurrent cause of the inflammation state. Moreover, in treated patients, in spite of an effective control of the viral replication as well as in absence of pharmaco-induced dyslipidemias, a residual persistent chronic inflammatory status, which can limit the long-term effectiveness of therapy, can be detected [12].
We now provide evidence that, during the course of HIV infection, the expression of a large group of nuclear receptors is dramatically reset in monocytes, that this resetting is associated to a robust activation of circulating monocytes as demonstrated by 10–20 fold increase in the monocytic expression of MCP-1- RNA, and that HAART is not able to revert all the observed alterations. Specifically, we have obtained evidence that HIV infection causes profound down-regulations for FXR, PXR, PPARα, GR, RARα and RXRα. These down regulations were also observed under effective HAART.
A common motif of these transcription factors is their ability to activate counter-regulatory signals essential to reduce inflammation [7,8]. Indeed, besides the canonical anti-inflammatory activity of GR, FXR, PXR, PPARα, RARα and RXRα attenuate the inflammatory responses and their activations reduce immune dysfunction-driven inflammation in a variety of experimental and clinical settings [7,13]. Furthermore, data from a variety of gene deficient mice strongly supports the general notion that ablation of these receptors leads to the development of a deregulated immunity and causes metabolic dysfunction [7,13]. The present study is, therefore, a general model to examine the effect of viral infection and to further understand how HIV virus-induced inflammation and immune-dysfunction progress in human disease.
The detected alterations in the nuclear receptor expression are probably an indirect effect of viral replication, considering that only a very low number of circulating monocytes is infected by HIV [14]. These changes could be determined by either the chronic inflammatory process, as seen in atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, intestinal chronic inflammation, including inflammation driven gastrointestinal cancers, or the residual immune activation and microbial translocation associated with increased levels of LPS [15-20]. This could also arise from the action of some HIV proteins that can persist for a long time- in the body of virologically controlled patients [21]. This latter hypothesis could explain the persistent alterations observed in the group of HAART-treated HIV-positive subjects. Indeed, recently we have documented that the p17 HIV protein, which can persist in lymph nodes germinal centers of patients effectively treated [21], was able to down regulate PPARγ and FXR expressions in both THP1 cells and in healthy donors monocytes. Moreover, the serum from HIV+ patients containing high levels of anti p17 antibodies was able to revert the down regulation of PPARγ and FXR in their monocytes [9].
Thereby, this implicates that the reset expressions of nuclear receptors, which are counter-inflammatory in nature, are likely instrumental in the progression of viral infection and the persistence of a chronic inflammatory state. Noteworthy, it has been demonstrated that members of nuclear receptor superfamily (i.e. GR, FXR, PXR, RAR and RXR) regulate immune responses and a proinflammatory state with the so called transrepression pathway, able to inhibit NF-KB [22]. It remains unclear whether the observed changes are causes or consequences of the characteristic inflammatory profile in HIV and whether NRs agonists can directly suppress residual inflammation.
In addition to their role in regulating immune responses, nuclear receptors regulate glucose and lipid metabolism [6]. Indeed, FXR has been demonstrated to regulate insulin secretion and sensitivity and FXR ligands reduce lipid and glucose levels in murine models of diabetes [23,24]. Similar beneficial effects on glucose metabolism have been shown for PXR [25], as well as for the fibrates (PPARα agonists) that are widely used for treatment of dyslipidemic conditions [26]. In short, abrogation of the expression of these genes might provide an explanation for immune dysfunction and dyslipidemia observed in HIV disease. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that FXR activation results in a slight reduction of HDL and in an induction of LDL [27], and therefore its abrogation might also provide some explanation for the hypo-cholesterolemia observed in HIV-positive persons.
Another important observation we made was that two nuclear receptors, VDR and PPARβ, appeared robustly induced in monocytes of HIV-infected patients. In addition, while the expressions of VDR and PPARβ normalize, the expression of LXR becomes significantly induced under HAART. This is an important observation, as a common side effect of LXR activation is hyper-triglyceridemia [28], and therefore its induction might provide a further explanation of the hyper-triglyceridemia observed in HAART.
In this study we have also seen that monocyte expression of CD36, whose transcription is primarily regulated by LXR, PPARγ and PXR, is markedly reduced by HIV infection. This suggests that the transcription of this gene is impaired in HIV monocytes. Noteworthy, we found the mRNA levels of CD36 significantly correlated with those of PPARγ in only HIV positive patients, thus providing a prognostic/diagnostic value to our profiles. Indeed, it has been previously demonstrated that HIV infection results in substantial decreases in serum total cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels and that subsequent HAART initiation is associated with increases in total cholesterol and LDL but little change in HDL [29]. Furthermore, patients with CD36 deficiency show increased levels of chylomicron remnants and small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) particles [30]. Thus, the reduction of CD36 gene expression we reported in this study might contribute to the high levels of total cholesterol in HIV positive persons taking HAART. These results also highlight a potential therapeutic role for PPARγ agonists in treating HIV associated dyslipidemia.
Here, we have demonstrated that the transcriptome of several nuclear receptors is altered in monocytes during HIV infection. Furthermore, HAART failed to reverse this pattern with the exception for VDR and PPARβ. However, given that chronic inflammation and dyslipidemias are common in HIV-suppressed patients and that NRs seem to be directly or indirectly involved in this infection, our preliminary results suggest further investigations in a HIV positive population longitudinally followed from the starting of HAART and prompt to study whether nuclear receptor agonists can exercise any role in controlling residual inflammation and/or dyslipidemia.
FXR: Farnesoid X receptor; LXR: Liver X receptor; PXR: Pregnane X receptor; VDR: Vitamin D receptor; GR: Glucocorticoid receptor; RAR: Retinoic acid receptor; RXR: Retinoic X receptor; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; HAART: Highly active antiretroviral therapy; MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; ABCA-1: ATP-binding cassette sub-family a member 1; CD36: Cluster determinant 36 fatty acid translocase; ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1.
Competing interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors’ contributions
All the Authors have read and approved the final manuscript. BR, DF, SF and FB participated in the conception and design of the study, in the analysis and interpretation of data and in drafting the manuscript. AC, CD and ES carried out molecular biology experiments and statistical analysis of data.
1. Losina E, Schackman BR, Sadownik SN, Gebo KA, Walensky RP, Chiosi JJ, Weinstein MC, Hicks PL, Aaronson WH, Moore RD, Paltiel AD, Freedberg KA: Racial and sex disparities in life expectancy losses among HIV-infected persons in the United States: impact of risk behavior, late initiation, and early discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy.
Clin Infect Dis 2009, 49:1570-1578. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL
2. Hunt PW, Martin JN, Sinclair E, Bredt B, Hagos E, Lampiris H, Deeks SG: T cell activation is associated with lower CD4+ T cell gains in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with sustained viral suppression during antiretroviral therapy.
J Infect Dis 2003, 187:1534-1543. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
3. Appay V, Sauce D: Immune activation and inflammation in HIV-1 infection: causes and consequences.
J Pathol 2008, 214:231-241. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
4. Tien PC, Choi AI, Zolopa AR, Benson C, Tracy R, Scherzer R, Bacchetti P, Shlipak M, Grunfeld C: Inflammation and mortality in HIV-infected adults: analysis of the FRAM study cohort.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010, 55:316-322. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL
5. van Wijk JP, Cabezas MC: Hypertriglyceridemia, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-Infected Patients: Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy and Adipose Tissue Distribution.
Int J Vasc Med 2012, 2012:201027. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL
6. Francis GA, Fayard E, Picard F, Auwerx J: Nuclear receptors and the control of metabolism.
Annu Rev Physiol 2003, 65:261-311. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
7. Huang W, Glass CK: Nuclear receptors and inflammation control: molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological relevance.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010, 30:1542-1549. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL
8. Levi M, Wang X, Choudhury D: Nuclear hormone receptors as therapeutic targets.
Contrib Nephrol 2011, 170:209-216. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
9. Renga B, Francisci D, D’Amore C, Schiaroli E, Mencarelli A, Cipriani S, Baldelli F, Fiorucci S: The HIV matrix protein p17 subverts nuclear receptors expression and induces a STAT1-dependent proinflammatory phenotype in monocytes.
PLoS One 2012, 7:e35924. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL
10. Hanley TM, Viglianti GA: Nuclear receptor signaling inhibits HIV-1 replication in macrophages through multiple trans-repression mechanisms.
J Virol 2011, 85:10834-10850. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL
11. Renga B, Mencarelli A, Migliorati M, Distrutti E, Fiorucci S: Bile-acid-activated farnesoid X receptor regulates hydrogen sulfide production and hepatic microcirculation.
World J Gastroenterol 2009, 15:2097-2108. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL
12. Deeks SG: Immune dysfunction, inflammation, and accelerated aging in patients on antiretroviral therapy.
Top HIV Med 2009, 17:118-123. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
13. Vacca M, Degirolamo C, Mariani-Costantini R, Palasciano G, Moschetta A: Lipid-sensing nuclear receptors in the pathophysiology and treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 2011, 3:562-587. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
14. Bergamaschi A, Pancino G: Host hindrance to HIV-1 replication in monocytes and macrophages.
Retrovirology 2010, 7:31. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL
15. Marchetti G, Cozzi-Lepri A, Merlini E, Bellistrì GM, Castagna A, Galli M, Verucchi G, Antinori A, Costantini A, Giacometti A, di Caro A, D’arminio Monforte A: Microbial translocation predicts disease progression of HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients with high CD4+ cell count.
AIDS 2011, 25:1385-1394. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
16. Vassallo M, Mercié P, Cottalorda J, Ticchioni M, Dellamonica P: The role of lipopolysaccharide as a marker of immune activation in HIV-1 infected patients: a systematic literature review.
Virol J 2012, 9:174. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL
17. Wang K, Wan YJ: Nuclear receptors and inflammatory diseases.
Exp Biol Med 2008, 233:496-506. Publisher Full Text OpenURL
18. Feingold K, Kim MS, Shigenaga J, Moser A, Grunfeld C: Altered expression of nuclear hormone receptors and coactivators in mouse heart during the acute-phase response.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004, 286:E201-E207. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
19. Fiorucci S, Cipriani S, Baldelli F, Mencarelli A: Bile acid-activated receptors in the treatment of dyslipidemia and related disorders.
Prog Lipid Res 2010, 49:171-185. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
20. Modica S, Gofflot F, Murzilli S, D’Orazio A, Salvatore L, Pellegrini F, Nicolucci A, Tognoni G, Copetti M, Valanzano R, Veschi S, Mariani-Costantini R, Palasciano G, Schoonjans K, Auwerx J, Moschetta A: The intestinal nuclear receptor signature with epithelial localization patterns and expression modulation in tumors.
Gastroenterology 2010, 138:636-648. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
21. Popovic M, Tenner-Racz K, Pelser C, Stellbrink HJ, van Lunzen J, Lewis G, Kalyanaraman VS, Gallo RC, Racz P: Persistence of HIV-1 structural proteins and glycoproteins in lymph nodes of patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102:14807-14812. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL
22. Glass CK, Saijo K: Nuclear receptor transrepression pathways that regulate inflammation in macrophages and T cells.
Nat Rev Immunol 2010, 10:365-376. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
23. Renga B, Mencarelli A, Vavassori P, Brancaleone V, Fiorucci S: The bile acid sensor FXR regulates insulin transcription and secretion.
Biochim Biophys Acta 2010, 1802:363-372. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
24. Cipriani S, Mencarelli A, Palladino G, Fiorucci S: FXR activation reverses insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities and protects against liver steatosis in Zucker (fa/fa) obese rats.
J Lipid Res 2010, 51:771-784. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL
25. Gao J, Xie W: Pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor at the crossroads of drug metabolism and energy metabolism.
Drug Metab Dispos 2010, 38:2091-2095. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL
26. Munigoti SP, Rees A: Evidence for use of fibrates in diabetic dyslipidemia: are we looking hard enough?
Curr Opin Lipidol 2011, 22:76-77. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
27. Fiorucci S, Cipriani S, Mencarelli A, Baldelli F, Bifulco G, Zampella A: Farnesoid X receptor agonist for the treatment of liver and metabolic disorders: focus on 6-ethyl-CDCA.
Mini Rev Med Chem 2011, 11:753-762. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
28. Fiévet C, Staels B: Liver X receptor modulators: effects on lipid metabolism and potential use in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Biochem Pharmacol 2009, 77:1316-1327. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
29. Riddler SA, Smit E, Cole SR, Li R, Chmiel JS, Dobs A, Palella F, Visscher B, Evans R, Kingsley LA: Impact of HIV infection and HAART on serum lipids in men.
JAMA 2003, 289:2978-2982. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL
30. Masuda D, Hirano K, Oku H, Sandoval JC, Kawase R, Yuasa-Kawase M, Yamashita Y, Takada M, Tsubakio-Yamamoto K, Tochino Y, Koseki M, Matsuura F, Nishida M, Kawamoto T, Ishigami M, Hori M, Shimomura I, Yamashita S: Chylomicron remnants are increased in the postprandial state in CD36 deficiency.
J Lipid Res 2009, 50:999-1011. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL
Pre-publication history
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In the times of growing taxes and government surveillance, it is necessary to keep your privacy in mind.
Nothing will stop governments from stealing your money so you need to protect your financial freedom.
One of my favorite tools to achieve that is Bitcoin.
Though it's not anonymous, there are certain ways to obtain bitcoins in a way that leaves very little to no traces to you.
You're only as anonymous as your weakest link.
DISCLAIMER: The success of the following methods depends on your caution. Encrypt your communication, don't use your personal information, don't trust anyone.
LocalBitcoins is a community-run exchange market.
It allows people to buy and sell bitcoins using various payment methods. The most anonymous one is trading for cash in person.
Find a seller by filling out this form.
List of bitcoin offers
Pay extra attention to sellers' ratings. I'd personally only go for sellers with a feedback score of 100% and at least +100 successful trades. However, this is not always possible.
After choosing "trusted" sellers have a look at the price and limits. Choose the one that meets your requirements.
Bitcoin offer detail
Have a look at "Terms of trade with XXX". If you find them reasonable you can either directly contact the seller if he provided his contact info or use the site's escrow service (recommended).
• Requires verification: none/phone number/photo ID
• Advertisement fee: 1%
• Transaction limits: varies
Stay Safe
Connect to LocalBitcoins using Tor and sign up using an encrypted email such as ProtonMail. Don't use your real name unless necessary.
Communicate with sellers via encrypted email or encrypted chat apps such as Signal or Wire.
Before you meet a seller, tell a trusted friend where you're going and how long you expect to stay there.
If you don't come back within the specified time, your friend should take action.
Make Bitcoin Great Again (with Monero's Full Privacy)
When meeting strangers be sure to choose public places full of people such as coffee shops, restaurants, shopping malls etc.
Because of the ever growing trend of CCTVs, it's ok to be paranoid. Feel free to wear a cap and sunglasses. Sellers understand the need for privacy.
Don't reuse your wallet addresses. Ever!
Get BTC with LocalBitcoins
Bitsquare is a full featured community-run exchange market.
Unlike LocalBitcoins, Bitsquare is decentralized and your data is encrypted and hidden behind Tor.
Bitsquare connecting to the network
Even though you can't buy bitcoin for cash (in person), it supports dozens of other payment methods such as SEPA, okpay, Alipay, even tons of altcoins.
Just choose your preferred currency and a payment method and find the best offer.
List of bitcoin offers
Because Bitsquare is in a development stage, there aren't many users yet. Most of the traders have 0 completed trades.
However, this isn't a problem because bitcoins are locked in a multi-signature wallet. If a trader doesn't release the coins after your payment, the arbitrator will.
Bitcoin offer detail
The use of strong cryptography and Tor makes sure it's arduous to link purchased bitcoins with your online payment.
• Requires verification: No
• Maker fee: 0.0005 BTC
• Taker fee: 0.001 BTC
• Security deposit: 0.01 BTC (refundable)
• Transaction limits: 1 BTC
Bitcoin ATM
Generally speaking, there are 2 different types of ATMs. One that only allows you to buy BTC and those that let you buy and sell bitcoins for cash or another crypto-currencies.
General Bytes Bitcoin ATM
Using ATM to buy bitcoin may require some kind of verification. Usually, you have to type in your phone number, scan your photo ID such as a passport or scan your fingerprint.
These requirements may be omitted based on transaction limits or simply because the ATM owner doesn't give a shit.
To find the list of ATMs in your area, their limits, and requirements, visit Coin ATM Radar.
• Requires verification: none/phone number/photo ID/fingerprint scan
• Fee: 3-7% on average
• Transaction limits: varies
Stay Safe
Most ATMs are located in shopping malls full of CCTVs.
I'd recommend you to wear a cap, sunglasses, and a hoodie to minimize the risk of being identified.
How to Buy Bitcoin
I heard of professionally looking face masks being sold on the deep web. You may want to have a look.
Buy stuff from the deep web markets at your own risk!
Find Bitcoin ATM is a unique market that lets users buy Amazon products with bitcoins at discounted rates.
A user creates Amazon wishlist, chooses the desired discount and sends bitcoins to Purse's escrow.
List of bitcoin offers
You, as a bitcoin buyer, then choose a wishlist based on the rate and the amount of offered bitcoins, and pay for it using Amazon gift cards, credit cards or other payment methods supported by Amazon.
Bitcoin offer detail
When the wishlist is paid for, bitcoins are released from the escrow to your wallet.
• Requires verification: none/phone number/facebook/google+
• Fee: $0
• Transaction limits: depends
Stay Safe
Browse the site with Tor and sign up using an encrypted email from ProtonMail. Don't use your real name.
Use anonymously obtained Amazon gift cards to purchase the wishlist to protect your privacy.
Get BTC with
Hackerspace is a community-operated place where (mostly tech) people meet, share their ideas and knowledge and build cool projects.
Paralelni Polis, Czech Republic
These places are usually filled with Bitcoin enthusiasts that are willing to sell you some bitcoins for cash. Just contact the nearest hackerspace or walk in during their open events and ask around.
Hackerspaces near you
There are other ways to obtain bitcoins anonymously such as buying on /r/CryptoTrade, #bitcoin-otc etc. However, these are either scammy or difficult to set up so I didn't go into details.
If you know other proven methods, please share it in the comments below.
In the next article, we'll talk about "removing" the payment history from your bitcoins. Stay tuned!
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Q:
How do I animate a bar chart?
Is there any easy way to have an animated bar chart (one where the heights of the bars change with time)? I currently have the following code:
α := 1/2
β := 1/2
γ := 0
δ := 0
ϵ := 0
ζ := 0
η := 1/2
θ := 1/2
w := 2 Pi
DSolve[{a'[t] == (-2 I*w/3) a[t], b'[t] + c'[t] + e'[t] == 0,
d'[t] + f'[t] + g'[t] == 0, b'[t] - c'[t] == (I*w/3) (b[t] - c[t]),
f'[t] - g'[t] == (I*w/3) (f[t] - g[t]),
b'[t] + c'[t] - 2 e'[t] == (I*w/3) (b[t] + c[t] - 2 e[t]),
2 d'[t] - f'[t] - g'[t] == (I*w/3) (2 d[t] - f[t] - g[t]),
h'[t] == (-2 I*w/3) h[t], a[0] == α, b[0] == β,
c[0] == γ, d[0] == δ, e[0] == ϵ,
f[0] == ζ, g[0] == η, h[0] == θ}, {a[t], b[t],
c[t], d[t], e[t], f[t], g[t], h[t]}, t]
Animate[Show[
BarChart[{{Re[a[t]] /. %, Im[a[t]] /. %}, {Re[b[t]] /. %,
Im[b[t]] /. %}, {Re[c[t]] /. %, Im[c[t]] /. %}, {Re[d[t]] /. %,
Im[d[t]] /. %}, {Re[e[t]] /. %, Im[e[t]] /. %}, {Re[f[t]] /. %,
Im[f[t]] /. %}, {Re[g[t]] /. %, Im[g[t]] /. %}, {Re[h[t]] /. %,
Im[h[t]] /. %}}], BoxRatios -> Automatic], {t, 0, 30},
AnimationRate -> 1, AnimationRunning -> False, RefreshRate -> 30]
I have 8 differential equations being solved, and the real and imaginary parts of each solution is being plotted, so there are 8x2 bars. Understandably, though, this gives me the error 'BarChart is not a type of graphics'.
Any help would be greatly appreciated, and thanks in advance ;)
A:
There are two problems. One is that in your DSolve call, you should solve for the functions {a, b, ...} instead of the expressions {a[t], b[t],...}. (In my experience, it's almost always better this way.) The other is that to get the proper list structure for BarChart, you should use First@DSolve[..] to remove an unnecessary `{}.
dsol = First@
DSolve[{a'[t] == (-2 I*w/3) a[t], b'[t] + c'[t] + e'[t] == 0,
d'[t] + f'[t] + g'[t] == 0,
b'[t] - c'[t] == (I*w/3) (b[t] - c[t]),
f'[t] - g'[t] == (I*w/3) (f[t] - g[t]),
b'[t] + c'[t] - 2 e'[t] == (I*w/3) (b[t] + c[t] - 2 e[t]),
2 d'[t] - f'[t] - g'[t] == (I*w/3) (2 d[t] - f[t] - g[t]),
h'[t] == (-2 I*w/3) h[t], a[0] == α, b[0] == β,
c[0] == γ, d[0] == δ, e[0] == ϵ,
f[0] == ζ, g[0] == η, h[0] == θ},
{a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}, t];
Animate[
BarChart[{{Re[a[t]], Im[a[t]]}, {Re[b[t]], Im[b[t]]},
{Re[c[t]], Im[c[t]]}, {Re[d[t]], Im[d[t]]},
{Re[e[t]], Im[e[t]]}, {Re[f[t]], Im[f[t]]},
{Re[g[t]], Im[g[t]]}, {Re[h[t]], Im[h[t]]}} /. dsol,
PlotRange -> 0.5 {-1, 1}, Frame -> True],
{t, 0, 30}, AnimationRate -> 1, AnimationRunning -> False,
RefreshRate -> 30]
For those with V10.1+ and a fear of braces:
Animate[BarChart[ReIm@Through@{a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}@t /. dsol,
PlotRange -> 0.5 {-1, 1}, Frame -> True], {t, 0, 30},
AnimationRate -> 1, AnimationRunning -> False, RefreshRate -> 30]
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e1c99c41e38be5912ae1a7116a68031a09039d753cd0ffc6dc173785600f9e13'} |
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head>
<title>CSS Test: flow-into with different flows on list items from the same list</title>
<link href="mibalan@adobe.com" rel="author" title="Mihai Balan">
<link href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-regions/#properties-and-rules" rel="help">
<link href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-regions/#the-flow-into-property" rel="help">
<meta content="" name="flags">
<meta content="Test flow-into property can be applied to individual list items. This test checks that list items from the same list extracted in different named flows preserve their numbering." name="assert">
<link href="reference/extract-list-items-014-ref.htm" rel="match">
<style>
.extract1 {
flow-into: f1;
color: #006400;
}
.extract2 {
flow-into: f2;
color: blue;
}
.region {
margin-left: 2em;
float: left;
width: 15em;
height: 10em;
}
#r1 {
flow-from: f1;
background-color: lightgreen;
}
#r2 {
flow-from: f2;
background-color: lightblue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Test passes if you see two rectangles, one green and one blue, as follows. Each rectangle should contain a numbered list; the numbers should be rendered outside the rectangle. The items in the first list should be numbered 1, 2 and 5 respectively, while the items in the second list should be numbered 3, 4 and 6 respectively.</p>
<ol>
<li class="extract1">List item 1</li>
<li class="extract1">List item 2</li>
<li class="extract2">List item 3</li>
<li class="extract2">List item 4</li>
<li class="extract1">List item 5</li>
<li class="extract2">List item 6</li>
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<div id="r2" class="region"></div>
<script src="../../../bin/css-regions-polyfill.js"></script>
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嘘声四起真理不以为意 笑称回家乡打全明星省了钱
新浪体育讯 北京时间2月21日，据《insidehoops》报道。2010-11赛季洛杉矶全明星赛，对于很多球员来说都意味颇多。对于波士顿凯尔特人的保罗-皮尔斯来说更是如此。他和凯文-加内特，雷-阿伦再次三人一起进入全明星。并且实现了在三分大赛中与雷-阿伦的较量。更重要的是，这次全明星赛是在他的家乡洛杉矶举行。
虽然身为洛杉矶人，可是皮尔斯确在湖人最大的对手凯尔特人效力。洛杉矶的球迷们对于这位本土产的球员却很不待见。每每到访斯台普斯的时候，皮尔斯收到的更多的是嘘声。就连这次全明星赛也同样不例外，三分大赛的时候，满场的嘘声让真理大失水准。
不过皮尔斯对于球迷们的反应还算理解，还拿这件事开起了玩笑。“回到洛杉矶打全明星赛对我真是意味着太多了，省钱啊，为我的妈妈和姑姑省了机票和旅馆费。”
皮尔斯在离英格尔伍德很近的地方长大，小的时候经常会偷偷溜进体育馆看魔术师约翰逊的比赛。他对洛杉矶湖人有着自己的那份感情。
在自己家乡的全明星赛上听到嘘声，皮尔斯并不是第一人。当年全明星赛在费城举行的时候，身为费城人的科比-布莱恩特也遭到了费城球迷的嘘声。
“为湖人最大的敌人效力，球迷不嘘才怪呢！要是科比是波士顿当地人，他也会被嘘的体无完肤。当然是他回那里打球的时候，”皮尔斯说。
(老白)
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1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Human motor performance does not always end up with the same behavioral consequences, but it rather fluctuates trial by trial even in a fully acquired and well-trained motor skill \[[@B1]\]. This performance fluctuation seems to influence results of the competition in sports games and accidents in daily habitual activities (e.g., falling during walking).
Previous neurophysiological studies in nonhuman primates have shown that fluctuation in reaching movements is caused by the variability of preparatory neuronal firing in the premotor cortex (PM) and in the primary motor cortex (M1) \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. However, it is unlikely that the cause of the neuronal fluctuation is only restricted to these local motor areas. Rather, it may also be caused by interregional synaptic input from other nonmotor domains, because PM and M1 are known to communicate with many other frontal and parietal regions during motor preparation \[[@B3], [@B4]\].
In the present study, in order to elucidate distribution of neuronal cause for a motor-performance fluctuation, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment (fMRI experiment). In a next experiment, we applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which was identified in the fMRI experiment as one of the brain regions where the activity changes in association with a fluctuation of task performance, and tested if the tDCS affects the task performance (tDCS experiment).
In the fMRI experiment, we measured brain activity with fMRI while participants repeatedly performed a well-trained skillful sequential finger-tapping task. We identified brain regions where the activity is negatively correlated with the task performance across trials. Since we found a negative correlation between the task performance and activity in a broader range of the frontoparietocerebellar network, including the DLPFC, in the following tDCS experiment, we tried to modulate brain activity in the DLPFC and evaluated the performance change in order to examine causal relationship between the DLPFC activity and the task performance.
2. Materials and Methods {#sec2}
========================
2.1. Participants {#sec2.1}
-----------------
Fifteen healthy male volunteers participated in the fMRI experiment (23 ± 4 years of age; mean ± one standard deviation (SD), range 20--36 years) and 9 healthy male volunteers participated in the tDCS experiment (22 ± 1 years of age, range 21--24 years). Seven volunteers participated in both experiments. All participants were right-handed according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory \[[@B5]\]. The Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) approved this study. All participants gave written informed consent, and the experiment was carried out according to the principles and guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki (1975).
2.2. fMRI Experiment {#sec2.2}
--------------------
### 2.2.1. Motor Task {#sec2.2.1}
The participants performed a sequential finger-tapping task with their dominant right fingers \[[@B6], [@B7]\]. The task was composed of five elements: ring-, middle-, little-, index-, and ring-finger tapping (pressing button), in this order (i.e., sequence "32413," [Figure 1(a)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). The participants were required to repeatedly perform the same sequential tapping as quickly (many times) and accurately as possible during a 10 s trial period (see below).
### 2.2.2. Preexperiment Training {#sec2.2.2}
To examine the fluctuation of the well-trained motor performance, we required the participants to intensively train the tapping task prior to the fMRI experiment (two participants who only participated in the tDCS experiment also completed this training). Training consisted of two parts: training in the laboratory and then in their own home. On the first day of training, the participants practiced a total of 50 trials of the 10 s sequential finger tapping in the laboratory. In the following days, they were asked to practice the tapping task as many times as possible in their daily life in order to feel confidence to perform the task until the date when they participated in the fMRI experiment. The interval between the laboratory training and the fMRI experiment was 9 ± 6 days (mean ± SD). We did not have direct control over the amount of practice in their home. But in order to confirm whether the task was well trained, we evaluated the performance change during the experiment in each participant (see [Section 3](#sec3){ref-type="sec"}).
### 2.2.3. fMRI Measurement Parameters {#sec2.2.3}
We used a 3.0 T MRI scanner (Trio Tim, Siemens, Germany) with a head-coil to obtain T1-weighted anatomical images and functional T2^*∗*^-weighted echo-planar images (EPI: 64 × 64 matrix; pixel size = 3.0 × 3.0 mm; flip angle = 80 degrees; TE = 30 ms). Functional volumes were collected every 2 s (TR = 2,000 ms) and were comprised of 33 slices of 4.0 mm thickness with 0 mm interslice gaps, which ensured that the entire brain was within the field of view (FOV) with 192 mm × 192 mm.
### 2.2.4. Setup for fMRI Experiment {#sec2.2.4}
In the scanner, the participants rested comfortably in a supine position. Their right arms were orientated parallel to their torso, and their forearms were pronated and supported by a cushion, allowing them to relax their arms. During the scan, the participants were allowed to move only their right fingers to press the buttons placed just beneath their hands (HHSC-1x4-D, Current Designs Inc., Philadelphia, USA).
Visual stimuli were projected onto a screen in the scanner. The participants viewed the stimuli via a mirror in front of their eyes. Throughout the experiment, a fixation cross was present in the center of the screen, and the participants were instructed to maintain their gaze on this point and to avoid unnecessary eye movements ([Figure 1(b)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). The visual stimuli were controlled by using an in-house program based on the Psychtoolbox (version 3.0; <http://psychtoolbox.org/>) in MATLAB (MathWorks Inc., Natick, USA). The timing of each button press was also recorded using the same program.
### 2.2.5. Experimental Procedure {#sec2.2.5}
At the beginning of each trial, the numeric sequence "32413" was presented just above the fixation cross and the fixation cross turned yellow for 3 s ([Figure 1(b)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}, ready period). During this period, the participants prepared to initiate the required movement. After the ready period, the fixation cross turned red for 10 s (execution period), during which the participants repeatedly performed the sequential tapping as quickly and accurately as possible. This execution period was followed by a 9 s rest period (i.e., intertrial interval, ITI).
In the fMRI experiment, all the participants completed 15 experimental runs, with 2 min interrun intervals. Each run was composed of 10 trials with a 9 s ITI, and thus a total of 150 trials were completed. Each run included a 12 s rest period before the first trial and another 12 s rest period after the last trial. In total, each run lasted for 232 s and 116 functional volumes were collected per run.
### 2.2.6. Behavioral Analysis {#sec2.2.6}
To evaluate the task performance, we calculated the number of correct sequences completed within the 10 s execution period in each trial \[[@B6]\]. We also identified the timing when a movement error occurred (i.e., pressing incorrect button) in each trial. We used the number of correct sequences and the timing of the error occurrence in the following fMRI data analysis.
It is well known that a motor performance tends to be worse at the beginning of an experimental session even when a motor task is well trained (warm-up decrement) \[[@B8], [@B9]\]. Thus, to confirm whether the task was well trained and no significant learning effect occurred during the experiment, we calculated the mean number of correct sequences across 10 trials in the 3rd and the last (15th) runs separately in each participant and compared them using a paired *t*-test. To check the warm-up decrement effect, we also calculated the mean number of correct sequences across 20 trials performed during the 1st and 2nd runs and during the 3rd and 4th runs separately in each participant and compared them.
### 2.2.7. fMRI Data Analysis {#sec2.2.7}
In the preprocessing of the functional volumes, we initially performed slice timing correction and head motion correction (realignment). After these corrections, both the functional and anatomical images were normalized to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) template brain using the standard SPM8 defaults. The functional images were smoothed with an isotropic 8 mm full-width-at-half-maximum Gaussian kernel. Finally, high-pass filters (128 s) were applied to the fMRI time series in each run to remove low frequency noise and global changes in the signals.
The statistical analysis was performed on two levels. A first-level analysis was done in each participant as follows. A linear regression model (general linear model) was fitted to the data obtained from each participant. The model included the following three regressors: (1) a performance-related regressor (PERFORMANCE), which was a parametric modulation regressor for the number of correct sequences in each trial; (2) an error-related regressor (ERROR), where each timing of incorrect button press was modeled as the event-related regressor \[[@B10]\]; and (3) a task-related regressor (TASK), where each 10 s execution period was simply modeled with a boxcar function. These regressors were convolved with the canonical hemodynamic response function (HRF) in SPM8. We also included six head motion parameters estimated in the realignment procedure as regressors in each session to minimize the effects of head motion artifacts. Then, we generated a contrast image for each of three regressors, that is, the PERFORMANCE, ERROR, and TASK images. By doing so, we depicted brain regions where the activity changed in association with the fluctuation of the task performance (PERFORMANCE image), brain regions where activity was related to the incorrect response (ERROR image), and brain regions active during the executing of the motor task (TASK image).
To accommodate interparticipant variability, each participant\'s contrast image was entered into a random-effect group analysis \[[@B11]\]. In this analysis, one-sample *t*-test was used. We adopted a voxelwise threshold of *p* \< 0.001 (uncorrected) and evaluated significance of brain activation in terms of spatial extent of the activation in the entire brain (*p* \< 0.05 familywise error \[FWE\] corrected for multiple comparisons). For anatomical identification of the significant clusters of the voxels, we referred to the SPM Anatomy toolbox (version 1.8) \[[@B12]\].
2.3. tDCS Experiment {#sec2.3}
--------------------
In the fMRI experiment, we identified the clusters of active voxels in the bilateral DLPFC, bilateral frontoparietal regions, and the left cerebellum in the PERFORMANCE image (see [Section 3](#sec3){ref-type="sec"}). This suggested that the activity in these regions changed in association with the fluctuation of the task performance (= number of correct sequences). Then, in the next tDCS experiment, we tried to modulate brain activity in the right DLPFC with tDCS and tested if the tDCS could affect the task performance. We selected the DLPFC because it is generally believed that the DLPFC is the highest cortical area that is involved in motor planning.
### 2.3.1. tDCS Settings {#sec2.3.1}
To stimulate the right DLPFC, the target electrode was placed on F4 according to the EEG international 10-20 system \[[@B13], [@B14]\]. The reference electrode was placed in the area of the contralateral supraorbital region. Special care was taken to place the reference electrode more than 5 cm away from the target electrode \[[@B15]\].
A 15 min tDCS with 2 mA was applied from an electrical stimulator (DC-stimulator-Pulse M, neuroConn, Germany) via two saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes (5 × 7 cm). We used three types of stimulation: anodal (anodal electrode on F4), cathodal (cathodal electrode on F4), and sham. Sham stimulation was comprised of a short-period (30 s) current stimulation with the same polarity as the anodal stimulation. A fade-in and fade-out period was set at 30 s at the beginning and at the end of stimulation. In the sham session, we did not inform the participants of this (single blind).
### 2.3.2. Experimental Procedure {#sec2.3.2}
Each participant completed three sessions (anodal, cathodal, or sham session) on separate days. The order of the stimulation was randomized. Each session was conducted at least 7 days apart in order to minimize the risk of contamination via the carryover effects from the previous tDCS application. In the tDCS experiment, the participants sat comfortably in a chair with the right forearm on an armrest, allowing them to relax their arms. Beneath their hands, the same button device used in the fMRI experiment was placed and the same visual instructions as in the fMRI experiment were presented on a computer monitor in front of the participant ([Figure 1(b)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). All participants completed a session of 4 experimental runs. As in the fMRI experiment, each run consisted of 10 trials with 9 s ITI and included a 12 s rest period before the first trial and after the last trial (232 s).
In the first two runs, the participants performed the task without receiving any stimulation (1st and 2nd runs; PRE). These were done to measure the baseline level of their performance for a session. Then, they performed the task by receiving either type (anodal, cathodal, or sham) of the tDCS to the right DLPFC in the next two runs (3rd and 4th runs; DURING). We started the tDCS immediately after the 2nd run was completed and the stimulation lasted until the end of the 4th run in the anodal and cathodal sessions. We set a 5 min interrun interval between the 2nd and the 3rd runs, because it is shown that neuronal modulation effect by tDCS may emerge around 5 min after the initiation of the stimulation \[[@B14], [@B16]\]. We set a 2 min interrun interval between the 1st and the 2nd runs and between the 3rd and the 4th runs.
### 2.3.3. tDCS Data Analysis {#sec2.3.3}
*Evaluation of Task Performance*. We calculated the mean number of correct sequences across 20 trials performed in the 1st and the 2nd runs (PRE) and in the 3rd and the 4th runs (DURING) separately. These were calculated for each session (anodal, cathodal, or sham) in each participant separately. We then assessed the tDCS effect by subtracting the mean obtained in the PRE from that obtained in the DURING in each session and calculated the mean tDCS effect across participants for each session. Statistical evaluation was done using one-way repeated-measures analyses of variance (~RM~ANOVA) with a within-subject factor of session (anodal, cathodal, and sham). In this analysis, since Mauchly\'s test indicated that the sphericity assumption was violated, the Greenhouse-Geisser correction coefficient epsilon was used for correcting the degrees of freedom.
*Evaluation of Performance Variability.* We also calculated the standard deviation (SD) of the number of correct sequences across 20 trials performed in the 1st and the 2nd runs (PRE) and in the 3rd and the 4th runs (DURING) separately. We first calculated these for each session (anodal, cathodal, or sham) in each participant separately and calculated the mean tDCS effect across participants for each session.
3. Results and Discussion {#sec3}
=========================
3.1. Behavioral Results in the fMRI Experiment {#sec3.1}
----------------------------------------------
When we looked at the change in the number of correct sequences (= task performance) in each participant, we found that the task performance fluctuated trial by trial even though no gradual performance improvement was observed throughout the experimental runs ([Figure 2(a)](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}). Indeed, the mean number of correct sequences across participants was stable throughout the experimental runs ([Figure 2(b)](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}). We confirmed that the performance in the last (15th) run was not significantly different from that in the 3rd run (df = 14; *p* \> 0.05, *d* = 0.14), suggesting that no significant learning effect occurred during the experiment.
Despite this stable performance, we found warm-up decrement effect in the performance of the 1st and 2nd runs. Namely, the mean number of correct sequences in the 1st and 2nd runs (7.56 ± 1.76; mean ± SD) across participants was significantly smaller than that in the 3rd and 4th runs (8.01 ± 1.83; *p* \< 0.05, *d* = 0.25). We do not think that this may rebuff our view that no significant learning effect occurred during the experiment, because it is known that a motor performance tends to be worse at the beginning of an experimental session even when a motor task is well trained \[[@B8], [@B9]\].
These lines of evidence suggested that even though the participants well trained the task and the performance was stable during the experiment, the performance could still fluctuate trial by trial.
3.2. fMRI Results {#sec3.2}
-----------------
When we analyzed the PERFORMANCE image, we found that activity in a broader range of brain regions was negatively correlated with task performance across trials ([Figure 3(a)](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}). These brain regions included the bilateral DLPFC, pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), middle cingulate cortex, the right premotor cortex, insular cortex, superior and inferior parietal lobules, precuneus, supramarginal gyrus, and the left cerebellum ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}). This means that the deterioration in the task performance among trials was associated with the greater activity in the frontoparietocerebellar network.
It should be noted that the task performance was negatively correlated with the number of movement errors (mean of *r* = −0.66 ± 0.14, range from −0.4 to −0.87, *p* \< 0.01 for all participants). Thus, it was likely that the greater frontoparietocerebellar activity ([Figure 3(a)](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}) contains transiently augmented activity associated with the occurrence of movement errors. Indeed, when we analyzed the ERROR image, we found that the activity in the bilateral pre-SMA, anterior and middle cingulate cortices, insular cortices, and thalamus increased at the timing of error occurrence ([Figure 3(b)](#fig3){ref-type="fig"} and [Table 2](#tab2){ref-type="table"}). Since the cingulate and insular cortices were also depicted in the PERFORMANCE image ([Figure 3(a)](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}) and these brain regions are known to increase their activity when a movement error occurs \[[@B17], [@B18]\], we assume that their augmented activities were most likely attributed to error detection and/or awareness \[[@B19], [@B20]\].
On the other hand, it seems that the greater activity in the bilateral DLPFC, superior and inferior parietal lobules, premotor cortices, and left cerebellum may not reflect such error-related activity (Figures [3(a)](#fig3){ref-type="fig"} and [3(b)](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}). In addition, some of these brain regions including the bilateral DLPFC and the posterior parts of the parietal lobules were not significantly activated during the execution of the task (TASK image, [Figure 3(c)](#fig3){ref-type="fig"} and [Table 3](#tab3){ref-type="table"}). This indicates that these brain regions are not directly involved in the execution of the motor task per se. We are speculating that the activity in these regions likely reflects the endogenous fluctuation of neuronal activity in the brain, and we may attribute the trial-by-trial performance fluctuation in the well-trained motor task to the fluctuation of brain activity in the frontoparietocerebellar network ([Figure 3(a)](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}).
The fact that this network included the premotor cortex nicely supported the previous nonhuman primate\'s finding \[[@B2]\]. In addition, the new finding that the regions showing the activity fluctuation belong to the nonmotor domains in the brain, which are not directly involved in the execution of the motor task, supported our view that neuronal fluctuation in the nonmotor domains may also be a cause of fluctuation in a motor performance.
3.3. tDCS Results {#sec3.3}
-----------------
When we evaluated the tDCS effect on the number of correct sequences, we found small performance improvement in the DURING (3rd and 4th runs) of the sham session (0.72 ± 0.69, [Figure 4](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}). The subtle improvement was also observed in the cathodal session (0.32 ± 0.46); however, the performance was deteriorated in the anodal session (−0.22 ± 0.53, [Figure 4](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}). It can be said that the deterioration effect observed in the anodal session was prominent when compared to the case where the performance was improved in the sham session, since the deterioration effect observed in the anodal session as compared to the improvement effect in the sham session was found in eight out of nine participants. Indeed, the ~RM~ANOVA showed a significant main effect of the session (*F*(2,16) = 5.54, *p* \< 0.05, *η* ~*p*~ ^2^ = 0.41), and post hoc *t*-test showed a significant difference in the tDCS effect between anodal and sham sessions (df = 8; *p* = 0.019 uncorrected, *d* = 1.54). No such difference was observed in the other two comparisons (between sham and cathodal: *p* = 0.13 uncorrected, *d* = 0.70, anodal and cathodal: *p* = 0.09 uncorrected, *d* = 1.09).
On the contrary, when we evaluated the tDCS effect on the standard deviation (SD) of the number of correct sequences (= degree of performance variability), we could not find any significant change between the PRE and the DURING in any of the tDCS sessions (anodal: PRE 1.33 ± 0.62, DURING 1.40 ± 0.53; cathodal: PRE 1.42 ± 0.60, DURING 1.38 ± 0.69; sham: PRE 1.30 ± 0.45, DURING 1.31 ± 0.47) nor in the change of SD in the DURING as compared to the PRE across three tDCS sessions. Hence, the degree of performance variability per se did not change across three tDCS (anodal, cathodal, or sham) sessions, while the anodal tDCS deteriorated the task performance when compared with the sham.
We should carefully discuss the performance improvement in the sham session ([Figure 4](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}). This means that the performance was better in the DURING (3rd and 4th runs) when compared with the PRE (1st and 2nd runs), which in turn means that the performance was worse in the 1st and 2nd runs. This seems to nicely fit to the behavioral finding in the fMRI experiment where we found the warm-up decrement effect in these early runs. Thus, we may attribute the performance improvement in the DURING of the sham session to the warm-up decrement effect.
If the anodal tDCS did not give any impacts to the brain activity, we could have expected the performance improvement also in the anodal session. But the results in the anodal session showed the opposite and significantly different effect from the sham session. This seems to corroborate our view that the present anodal tDCS gave significant impacts to the brain activity and that this tDCS effect likely deteriorated the task performance without affecting the degree of performance variability.
In the present study, we showed the possible causal relationship between the anodal tDCS to the right DLPFC and the task performance. However, we could not elucidate exact neuronal mechanisms of how the tDCS modulated brain activity so as to affect the motor performance. One possibility is that anodal tDCS modulated local brain activity in the right DLPFC. Previous neurophysiological studies demonstrated that anodal tDCS may provide a potentiation effect on neuronal excitability in a stimulated brain region \[[@B16], [@B21], [@B22]\]. Thus, theoretically the neuronal excitability in the right DLPFC can be potentiated by its anodal stimulation \[[@B14]\]. If this view is correct, we may speculate that anodal tDCS increased the neuronal excitability in the DLPFC and its artificially potentiated brain activity would increase the likelihood of neuronal fluctuation in the DLPFC so as to deteriorate the task performance.
Another possibility is that anodal tDCS could affect the activity in the remote nonstimulated brain regions that are functionally and anatomically connected with the DLPFC. A previous study showed that anodal tDCS to the right DLPFC can modulate the activity not only in this region but also in the left DLPFC and in the bilateral posterior parts of the parietal lobules \[[@B13]\]. Anyhow, both views seem to be generally consistent with the present fMRI finding with no tDCS that the greater the brain activity in the nonmotor frontoparietocerebellar network that includes DLPFC, the lower the task performance ([Figure 3(a)](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}).
We should also carefully discuss the effect of cathodal tDCS ([Figure 4](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}). The performance seems to be slightly improved under the cathodal tDCS, which was not significantly different from the sham effect (= natural warm-up effect). This means that even though the performance slightly improved under the cathodal tDCS, this effect was not more than the effect of sham stimulation, which should not give substantial influence on the brain activity. Thus, it might be safe to say that the cathodal tDCS did not give substantial influence on the brain activity so as to produce additional behavioral improvement compared to the sham, even though the original effect of the cathodal tDCS has been considered to decrease neuronal excitability in a stimulated region \[[@B16], [@B23]\].
The effect of cathodal stimulation is still controversial \[[@B24]\] and probably depends on stimulation parameters (e.g., intensity or durations). Indeed, a recent study shows that 2 mA cathodal tDCS may increase the cortical excitability in the primary motor cortex (M1) \[[@B25]\].
The reason why we could not find stronger improvement effect in the cathodal session than in the sham session could also be explained by ceiling effect. In general, when a motor task is well trained, its further performance improvement is normally difficult to achieve. Indeed, it is shown that facilitative tDCS to the M1 only improves the performance of a motor skill in novices but not in experts \[[@B26], [@B27]\].
Taken together, we showed in the tDCS experiment that neuromodulation with anodal tDCS to the DLPFC (the representative nonmotor region where activity showing neuronal fluctuation associated with the performance fluctuation in the fMRI experiment) may affect the task performance without affecting the degree of performance variability per se, though we could not elucidate exact neuronal mechanisms underlying the tDCS effect.
4. Conclusion {#sec4}
=============
The present study aimed to investigate a distributed neuronal cause for trial-by-trial fluctuation in well-learned skillful motor performance. We showed that the fluctuation of brain activity in the nonmotor frontoparietocerebellar network is associated with the trial-by-trial performance fluctuation even in a well-learned skillful motor task and that neuromodulation with anodal tDCS to the representative nonmotor domain (DLPFC) may affect the task performance.
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Scientific Research on Innovative Areas "Understanding brain plasticity on body representations to promote their adaptive functions" no. 26120003 to Eiichi Naito, Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 24000012 to Eiichi Naito, and 24800092 and 26750242 to Nobuaki Mizuguchi).
Disclosure
==========
Nobuaki Mizuguchi\'s present addresses are as follows: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
Competing Interests
===================
The authors declare that there are no competing interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Authors\' Contributions
=======================
Nobuaki Mizuguchi and Eiichi Naito designed the research; Nobuaki Mizuguchi, Shintaro Uehara, and Shinji Yamamoto performed the experiment; Nobuaki Mizuguchi, Shintaro Uehara, and Satoshi Hirose analyzed the data; Nobuaki Mizuguchi, Shintaro Uehara, Satoshi Hirose, Shinji Yamamoto, and Eiichi Naito wrote the paper.
{#fig1}
{#fig2}
{#fig3}
{#fig4}
######
Brain regions where activity was negatively correlated with the number of correct sequences (PERFROMANCE image).
Brain areas Coordinates of peaks *Z*-value
------------------ ---------------------- ----------- ----- ------
Right hemisphere
MFG 36 44 26 4.52
IFG 36 32 26 4.00
MCC 10 24 38 4.65
45 56 20 30 4.28
6 10 12 56 4.91
Insula 38 10 −10 4.76
PF 62 −32 28 4.90
PFt 50 −36 48 4.84
hiP2 40 −34 38 4.38
7PC 42 −48 58 4.46
7A 34 −56 54 5.48
Left hemisphere
MFG −34 40 16 4.26
MCC −10 18 36 4.91
44 −46 10 26 4.36
6 −4 8 52 4.49
Insula −42 16 −2 4.67
STG −50 4 −2 4.23
PG −62 −18 40 4.28
2 −52 −24 38 4.90
PF −62 −36 20 4.89
PFt −60 −16 30 4.83
hiP2 −40 −44 48 4.41
hiP3 −30 −50 44 6.04
Lobule VI −32 −50 −36 4.67
Lobule VII −44 −52 −34 4.42
Peaks in brain activation that were more than 4 mm apart from each other were reported (voxel size = 2 × 2 × 2 mm). For anatomical identification of peaks, we only considered cytoarchitectonic areas with more than 30% probability available in the anatomy toolbox. Cytoarchitectonic area with the highest probability was reported for each peak. When cytoarchitectonic areas with more than 30% probability were not available for a peak, we simply provided its anatomical location. When several peaks were identified at the same cytoarchitectonic area or anatomical location, we only provided the peak coordinates with the highest *Z*-value. MFG: middle frontal gyrus. IFG: inferior frontal gyrus. MCC: middle cingulate cortex. STG: superior temporal gyrus. PG: postcentral gyrus.
######
Brain regions where activity was related to the occurrence of movement errors (ERROR image).
Brain areas Coordinates of peaks *Z*-value
------------------ ---------------------- ----------- ---- ------
Right hemisphere
ACC 6 32 28 3.53
MCC 10 20 42 4.16
IFG 52 14 −2 3.51
44 56 12 8 3.69
6 8 18 58 3.96
Insula 40 18 −4 3.70
Thalamus 12 −14 12 3.52
Left hemisphere
ACC −4 26 28 3.76
MCC −8 20 38 4.01
44 −38 20 12 3.78
SFG −14 12 48 3.67
Insula −32 20 4 4.37
SMG −2 18 42 4.19
Thalamus −4 −18 12 4.44
For anatomical identification of peaks, we used the same criterion adopted in [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}. ACC: anterior cingulate cortex. MCC: middle cingulate cortex. IFG: inferior frontal gyrus. SFG: superior frontal gyrus. SMG: superior medial gyrus.
######
Brain regions active during execution period (TASK image).
Brain areas Coordinates of peaks *Z*-value
------------------ ---------------------- ----------- ----- ------
Right hemisphere
6 2 −6 70 4.29
LG 14 −90 −14 3.60
18 22 −86 −16 3.41
17 22 −94 −16 3.40
Vermis 6 −64 −26 6.28
Lobule V 2 −56 −2 5.03
Lobule VI 22 −56 −26 6.77
Lobule VIIa 40 −72 −24 4.13
Left hemisphere
SFG −22 −8 56 4.53
6 −40 −18 64 4.98
4a −34 −24 56 5.37
1 −54 −20 48 5.41
2 −38 −30 46 5.66
PFop −56 −20 28 5.05
Lobule VI −20 −62 −24 4.95
For anatomical identification of peaks, we used the same criterion adopted in [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}. SFC: superior frontal gyrus. LG: lingual gyrus.
[^1]: Academic Editor: Jun Ueda
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '3ee24c9ff8ce8e46227afbd54e2da4fe4ac694ebdf0f21c082977fe8b59201eb'} |
Boost Communication Strategy With Personalisation
In a world of information overload, unique communication strategy is hard to come by. Generating specific individualised communication rather than stock generic automated messages is crucial! This conversation focuses on personalisation as a positive filter in communication strategy. Chaired by Mik Scarlet (Journalist, BBC) with Jon Little (Product Manager, Kew Gardens), Antony Robbins (Director of Communications, Museum of London) and Ed Warren (Creative Partner, Creature of London) as guest speakers.
Zealous X Talks Day 3: This Time It’s Personal
0 74 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '56', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8596602082252502}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '251380', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:K24IX3DJN4URPKNPXS2O2ZFZ2224WC73', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:36235f2f-cb3d-4e1a-90e7-32cbb3b1c678>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 22, 20, 35, 10), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.26.4.137', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WNLFWBAYFTOPQ4EEXQJSZTHI4PIKC3S7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ff813a64-061b-44ad-8c88-5b026565918a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://about.zealous.co/articles/communication-strategy/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:fb8652c5-5c01-4e5d-988c-bd8b1b8c34a0>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '147', 'url': 'https://about.zealous.co/articles/communication-strategy/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-211.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.032151758670806885', 'original_id': '53c3d9a47cc6fa1cda1b34637e23c264ff84f974a15ee7df1348099d02041ada'} |
Duchy of Burgundy
Timeline: The Kalmar Union
Flag of Burgundy.svg No coa
Flag Coat of Arms
(and largest city)
Language Bourguignon (Burgundian French)
Duke Henry VII
Prime Minister Francois Royal
Population 1,800,000
Independence 1263
Currency FLV
The Duchy of Burgundy is a medium-sized constitutional monarchy in western Europe and a member state of Francia. It is bordered by France, United Kingdoms of the Netherlands, Palatinate, Hagenau, Swiss Confederation, Geneva, Arles and Auvergne. The population is around 1.8 million and the capital is Dijon.
The language is Bourguignon which is mutually intelligable to Parisian French and Auvergnat.
The currency is the French Livre (FLV) which it mints with its own designs.
The Duchy of Burgundy broke away from the Kingdom of Arles in 1263 as the Hohenstaufen lands disintegrated, immediately beginning fruitless attempts to seize control over the Duchy of Swabia to the east. Split inheritances further eroded its authority (though equally Swabia lost central control too) and turned the duchy into a loosely co-operative bloc of counties. Thereafter, it was the focus of French and Imperial wars as it and Arles fought for control of Swabia and access to the Rhinelands. Continued division in Burgundy and Swabia allowed Geneva and the Swiss Confederation to coalesce as well letting France champion the rights of the Francophone areas of the Empire.
By 1483 and the Decapole War, what is roughly modern Burgundy had more or less accepted the rule of the Nassau-Weiberg family and shrewd marriages and had strengthened their central rule. That war, and the victory over the Swabian League, helped fabricate a 'national myth' and glue its disparate parts together, which otherwise may have ended up being swallowed by France, Luxembourg, the Swiss Confederation or into some Imperial German dynastic agglomeration.
However it would not help it forge a common religious path during the Reformation and much of the late 16th century was consumed by a 18 year-long civil war. Duke John converted to Lutheranism in 1550 and was immediately opposed by his daughter Joan and son-in-law Henry of Burgundy-Henneberg who championed Catholicism. The war sucked in militias from across Europe eager to settle relious scores on the battlefield, prolonging the war and causing considerable devastation and distruption to the duchy and surrounding lands, especially Champagne, Nassau and the Palatinate. Henry's eventual victory resulted in Burgundy remaining Catholic, but cautiously so.
It joined the Protestant side during the Fifty Years War, not only to re-start its dormant feud with Arles but to try to limit Papal influence north of the Alps which it saw as a necessary condition for religious peace in Europe. This, however, led to invasion from Luxembourg in 1628. Defeated, it was co-erced to switch sides, and scored victories over its previous allies Auvergne and Aragon.
Continued military prestige through the 18th and 19th centuries, often partnering with France in the effort to prevent Luxembourg's growth along the Rhine, masked a slow decline in the Duchy's fortunes. During the Iberian Revolution the Burgundian army was well-regarded until the Battle of Nancy in which the core of the army was destroyed. An early peace was sought and it had to suffer the indiginity of allowing Hispania free-passage through its lands, although ad hoc guerilla forces would harass Hispania and its allies as it moved and quartered. The Peace of Milan which closed the war attempted to fix the boundaries in western Europe and Burgundy was encouraged to give up its residual claims on Swiss and Arles lands
Noted for its fine wine growing areas Burgundy has good reserves of coal and iron. Concerted efforts by successive dukes and governments to raise the fortunes of the duchy following the Peace of Milan has allowed to be become an industrial powerhouse. It is well-connected to its neighbours by canal and railways. Constitutional rule, as opposed to an Absolutist style of monarchy was confirmed in 1899 following several years of occasionally violent protests.
Burgundy is governed by a bicameral Parlement. Burgundian politics tend to be quite stable, some might say boring, with a coalition of two Conservative parties having been in power for the last 30 years. However a moderate Social Democratic party is gaining ground. It was the first Francian state to give votes to women.
Burgundy is a part of Francia and is represented at the Francian Parlement in Tours. Due to its long meandering border with various Imperial states it also has non-voting observer status at the Imperial Diet in Frankfurt.
The Head of State is Duke Henry VII and his Prime Minister is Francois Royal.
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What better way to rock Halloween than heading out in Madonna's Like A Virgin bride dress? If you feel shiny and new when his heart beats next to you, then head out this holiday season in our 80's Madonna Bride Costume!
The 80's Madonna Bride Costume is a great, seductive look for all the parties! The sexy white top and short ruffled skirt has a cute ribbon belt. You also receive pretty lace cuffs and a veil. So what are you waiting for Material Girl? Rock out this Halloween in the ultimate 80's costume - Madonna's Bride dress! | mini_pile | {'original_id': '532d77ee8a906923d6008808bd0eae7799704df6dc1eacd320e535acd5474c13'} |
Telomerase reconstitution immortalizes human fetal hepatocytes without disrupting their differentiation potential
Henning Wege, Hai T. Le, Michael S. Chui, Li Liu, Jian Wu, Ranjit Giri, Harmeet Malhi, Baljit S. Sappal, Vinay Kumaran, Sanjeev Gupta, Mark A Zern
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
154 Scopus citations
Background & Aims: The availability of in vitro expandable human hepatocytes would greatly advance liver-directed cell therapies. Therefore, we examined whether human fetal hepatocytes are amenable to telomerase-mediated immortalization without inducing a transformed phenotype and disrupting their differentiation potential. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that plays a pivotal role in maintaining telomere length and chromosome stability. Human somatic cells, including hepatocytes, exhibit no telomerase activity. Consequently, their telomeres progressively shorten with each cell cycle until critically short telomeres trigger replicative senescence. Methods: The catalytic subunit, telomerase reverse transcriptase, was expressed in human fetal hepatocytes. Transduced cells were characterized for telomerase activity, telomere length, proliferative capacity, hepatocellular functions, oncogenicity, and their in vivo maturation potential. Results: The expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase restored telomerase activity in human fetal hepatocytes. Telomerase-reconstituted cells were capable of preserving elongated telomeres, propagated in culture beyond replicative senescence for more than 300 cell doublings (to date), and maintained their liver-specific nature, as analyzed by a panel of hepatic growth factors, growth factor receptors, and transcription factors as well as albumin, glucose-6-phosphatase, glycogen synthesis, cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression profiles, and urea production. Moreover, the immortalized cells exhibited no oncogenicity, and no upregulation of c-Myc was detected. The cells engrafted and survived in the liver of immunodeficient mice with hepatocellular gene expression. Conclusions: Reconstitution of telomerase activity induces indefinite replication in human fetal hepatocytes and offers unique opportunities for examining basic biologic mechanisms and for considering development of stable cell lines for liver-directed therapies.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)432-444
Number of pages13
Issue number2
StatePublished - Feb 1 2003
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Gastroenterology
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Telomerase reconstitution immortalizes human fetal hepatocytes without disrupting their differentiation potential'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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List of storage area network management systems
This is a list of Storage area network (SAN) management systems. A storage area network is a dedicated network that provides access to consolidated, block level data storage.
Systems
Brocade Network Advisor
Cisco Fabric Manager
Enterprise Fabric Connectivity (EFC) Manager
EMC ControlCenter
EMC VisualSRM
EMC Invista
Hitachi Data Systems HiCommand
HP OpenView Storage Area Manager
IBM SAN Volume Controller
Symantec Veritas Command Central Storage
KernSafe Cross-Platform iSCSI SAN
References
Category:Network management
Category:Storage area networks | mini_pile | {'original_id': '8df16084e50d5782f078d73ff5dd70df7b36223ebc10fa25e529d1ac1de8901f'} |
Dog Tricks and Games
The skill and confidence your dog has developed with his education has now prepared him to lea m all sorts of tricks. With the confidence the dog has gained through his education, he is now ready to learn new commands.
You must be very patient in order to succeed. If you make it, the satisfaction you will feel will be well worth it. The positive aspect of the education process teaches the dog that he can succeed if he tries hard enough and long enough.
Note: Do not use the spray when you are teaching your dog tricks and games.
1. Take an old towel or a rope.
2. Place the rope in front of the dog's head, and give the command " TAKE”. When the dog takes the object, congratulate him with the SR "SOUND + GOOD! and REWORD". If he doesn't, ignore him. Shake the rope and incite him to take it.
3. Put the rope on the ground and give him the command "TAKE". If the dog reacts correctly, congratulate him with the SR "SOUND + GOOD! and REWORD". Otherwise, ignore him and don't give him any reward.
When your dog starts picking up objects, a set of related tricks can be added to this maneuver. For example, if you drop something on the floor, there is no need to bend down; just ask your dog.
This exercise is tailor-made for high energy dogs.
1. Throw the rope, and give the command “FETCH!”
2. When the dog arrives near the object, give the command “TAKE”.
3. Once he has taken the object, tell him “COME”
4. When the dog returns by your side, give the command “GIVE”, and replace the object with a reward.
5. Congratulate your dog using the SR “SOUND + GOOD!”, and reward him.
Practice this exercise in a place where the dog will not be distracted, such as a hallway in your house. Do not take back the object every time, but rather, close the session by leaving him the object. If the dog hesitates to returns, take a few steps back, as you would for the “COME” command. Amuse yourself practicing this with your dog.
Variations of the “FETCH” Command
1. “Object in the air”
1. Throw an object (like a rope) in the air, and give the command" FETCH! ". The dog must catch the object before it touches the ground. If the dog drops the object, but picks it up immediately, ignore him; do not give him the VC, because he nevertheless caught the object.
2. Give him the SR "SOUND + GOOD! and reward" if he catches it, and keeps it. * Give him the command "COME ", followed by" GIVE ".
3. Play the game as often as you want with the objects you want, such as a "frisbee", a ball a rope, a stick, etc.
2. “Multiple Objects”
This game consists in giving the dog many objects to find, such as his bowl, keys, a box, etc. You can also name one of the objects at a time, and the dog must pick up only that object. This will result in the dog knowing the name 01 many different objects. You can ask your dog to get his bowl at mealtime, or get your newspaper in the morning! Here's how:
• Tell the dog to "SIT" and "STAY ".
• Throw three objects on the ground: keys, a ball, a small box, etc.
• Tell the dog " FETCH THE BALL "; if he brings you the right object, congratulate him using the SR "SOUND + GOOD!".
If the dog doesn’t bring you the right object, ignore him and give him the same command once more.
With practice, the dog will learn to recognize many (The dog can also recognize a human, and bring him a in a specific place. For example, ask the person de your morning paper to place it at a spot where the d reach it, and ask the dog to" FETCH!"
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The most important rules
• The throw-off (the service)
• The course of the game
• Throwing and catching
• Scoring
The throw-off (the service)
Each team stands in its own court and holds a disc. One of the non-throwing players gives the start signal (Ready? Two, one, THROW!) and each team throws its disc simultaneously into play. The play- ers must throw at the word “THROW”.
The course of the game
After the service both teams try to catch the disc from the other team and throw it back again. Each next throw must be made at the position where the disc was caught. A player is not allowed to walk with the disc in hand. When the disc is caught outside the court, it is brought into play again at the position where it left the field of play.
Throwing back and forth continues until either a disc touches out of bounds, a disc stops in the court, or a double is scored (see above). The team that scored the last point gives the call for the next service. The players of a team alternate the service for each exchange.
Throwing and catching
Players may catch a disc with one or two hands. It is not al- lowed to catch or interfere with a throw from your fellow- player; so you can’t throw to your fellow-player. It is however allowed to tip a disc before catching. In this case, the player may strike an arriving disc upward and then catch it. This technique can be used for avoiding "a double" when two discs are approaching a court at the same time. The first disc is tipped two or three meters up. While the disc is still in the air, the team-mate catches the disc and throws it immedi- ately. The the other disc can be played safely. It is also al- lowed to catch a tip from your fellow-player.
Throws must be made from within the player's own court. The lines are not part of the court. When a player stands outside the court while throwing, the other team scores a point.
The situation where both teams hold a disc and don’t throw, is called an impasse. The team that scored the last point has initiative and should throw first. The initiating team must throw within four seconds.
• A point is scored by the throwing team when a disc touches the ground within the court of the other team and stays within the court.
• A point is scored against the throwing team when a disc touches the ground outside the court of the other team, or rolls out of the court after touching the ground.
• When the players of a team touch both discs simultaneously during play the other team scores two points. This situation is called a double.Note: you can score with both discs simultaneously. For example: a throw of team 1 is out-of-bounds and at the same time a throw from team 2 is in-bounds. Now team 2 scores two points. There is an exception to this rule. You can’t throw a disc after the other disc has touched out-of-bounds or stopped in the court. If you do throw it, you can not score a point for your own team anymore. But an (extra) point against your team will be scored, when that disc is out-of-bounds.
The situation when the discs, thrown by different teams, are both in-bounds or both out-of-bounds is called a break. No points are awarded. Play continues with the other two players serving. The team that scored the last point initiates. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.969350039958954}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '25475', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QWO6AOM7EURC4XWPHXQ4QABCXEJTOZXE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:645d53a0-ef4c-4300-835e-c6ec75540a10>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 23, 0, 5, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '85.13.146.87', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MBGKKZXT7OZKZIQLMZ5KMXRFZO4KHJIV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4da2afc0-f770-423b-8d6b-1a37cb99ca5a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.efdf.org/flying-disc-sports/double-disc-court/34-the-most-important-rules', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5aa2dc23-fe0f-4820-a79d-fa09ec9fabe2>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '592', 'url': 'http://www.efdf.org/flying-disc-sports/double-disc-court/34-the-most-important-rules', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-157-139-144.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.030779361724853516', 'original_id': '470b14d2821bc4c2ff3c4b0312eb41372efda500200c910a4b5d080fe487e335'} |
We are an authorized North American dealer for Ceccotti Collezioni. Ceccotti Collezioni is not sold online anywhere by authorized dealers. To place an order for any items in the Ceccotti Collezioni catalog,contact us directly.
Ceccotti Modern Sense (10.8MB pdf)
The Italian company Ceccotti introduced its name to the furniture production industry in the late 1950s, led by founder Aviero Ceccotti. Known for its high-quality Italian furniture, the collection is inspired by smooth shapes and an artfully modern presence.
The line features sofas, tables, beds and shelves that will provide balance yet a touch of exclusivity to any space. Ceccotti's materials are hand-selected from all over the world and include wood, metal and glass among others. Only the finest materials are used in the creation of each piece, which is apparent in the presence and overall unity of the collection.
The company performs all the sawing and woodwork by hand, while the hardware is also handmade and lends to complete each piece perfectly. Ceccotti is very particular about which type of wood it uses, selecting only solid and poplar-plywood veneered wood. Each piece of wood used is representative of different parts of the world and creates a different feel with varying colors and wood grains. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.929630696773529}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '69154', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GQHVHW644CZSXEJ76C65D66HY5JGMJBW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4b6356aa-c295-4f89-b771-401ba4343470>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 24, 6, 4, 54), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.185.159.144', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2FULXXX4AI32NFQ7RRDZQGP5ECJQAC2A', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2bc8f03e-3df4-409c-a3d0-8c8cdc717fa0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.arttitud.com/ceccotti-collezioni', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:23e08bc2-a111-4ee2-afa1-29e23c6e768b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '205', 'url': 'http://www.arttitud.com/ceccotti-collezioni', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-230-181-38.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.14372795820236206', 'original_id': 'ed4bad2aa2d88fa89c7f976de9bb95760e632d5fc11b2919f31cc9d7aac31b89'} |
smaller: s or 5?
s
Let c = -145/6 - -95/3. Is c > 9?
False
Let z be (2/(-4))/(1/2052). Let k = -66692/65 - z. Let r = -59/195 + k. Is r < 0?
True
Let n = -60 - -59.87. Let r = -1.1 - -1. Which is bigger: r or n?
r
Let p = -13 + 12. Suppose 3*u - 9 = -3*a, 5*a + 9 = -3*u + 20. Let l be a + (-45)/48 + 0. Which is smaller: p or l?
p
Let m be (2 + -1)/((-2)/(-6)). Suppose -2*c - 2 - 2 = -m*u, -3*c + 3*u - 3 = 0. Which is greater: c or -2/9?
c
Let m = -16 + 13. Which is greater: m or 2?
2
Let n(l) = -6*l - 2*l + 7*l - 7. Let z be n(-5). Are 0 and z unequal?
True
Let k = 3 + -2.7. Let g = -0.3 + k. Is g greater than or equal to 0.1?
False
Let f = -20/51 + 1/17. Suppose l + 2*o + 10 = 0, 6*l - 2*l + 2*o = -10. Suppose -4*u - 6 + 2 = l. Which is greater: f or u?
f
Let v be 3 + (-5)/(-5) + -1. Let l = 7 - 1. Suppose -l*j - v = -3*j. Is 3/7 bigger than j?
True
Suppose -4 + 64 = -15*g. Is 4 > g?
True
Suppose -l - v + 2 = -5, -13 = -l - 3*v. Suppose l*y - 4*x = -16, 3*y = 4*x + 5 - 21. Is y at most -2/5?
False
Let z = 235 - 3527/15. Is z < 1?
True
Suppose 0 = -2*l - 3*p + 11, -6 = -4*l + p + 9. Does 3 = l?
False
Let y(g) = 57*g**2 + 2*g + 2. Let x be y(-1). Is 57 at least x?
True
Let a = -169 - -168. Let q = -2 - -2. Suppose 2*u = -q*u + 10. Does u = a?
False
Let d(m) = m - 8. Let i be d(6). Let l be 3/((-4212)/2865) - i. Let b = 7/36 + l. Which is bigger: b or -1?
b
Suppose 4*t = 5*d - 208, 6*d - d = -2*t - 74. Is -49 >= t?
False
Let a(y) = y**2 + 3*y + 3. Let x be a(-3). Suppose -4*p + 0*p - 16 = u, x*p = -5*u - 12. Let j be 32/(-20)*10/p. Is j >= 4?
True
Suppose 0 = c - 16*c - 45. Let q = 0 + -1. Is c smaller than q?
True
Suppose -6*v = -3*v - 15. Is 4 at most as big as v?
True
Suppose -5*f + 15 = h, -4 = 4*h + 2*f - 10. Is -2/59 greater than h?
False
Suppose -2*m + 10 = 4. Let v = m - 3. Which is smaller: 4/5 or v?
v
Let y = 0.3 + -0.32. Let t = y - -3.02. Let b = 4 - t. Which is bigger: b or 2/3?
b
Let r = -735 - -3673/5. Let i = -1.3 - 11.7. Which is smaller: r or i?
i
Let p(l) = l + 3. Let v be p(-3). Suppose -h + 22 = 3*s + 3*h, 0 = h - 1. Let q(a) = a**2 - 7*a + 5. Let c be q(s). Which is smaller: v or c?
c
Let x = -33.8 + 34. Is 0.1 greater than x?
False
Let b = 0.3 + -0.1. Let f be ((-4)/5)/((-2)/10). Is f equal to b?
False
Let h(y) = -y + 10. Let w be h(10). Suppose 11 + 9 = -5*k, 3*d - 2*k - 17 = w. Which is greater: -3 or d?
d
Let d be (-2 + -6)/(6/45). Let v be (-21)/d + 15/(-20). Let y = -0.22 - 0.08. Which is greater: y or v?
y
Let b(m) = -4*m + 14. Let c(s) = -s + 1. Let o(z) = b(z) - 6*c(z). Let t be o(-6). Let j be (4/14)/(t/(-28)). Which is smaller: 3 or j?
j
Let k = -2 - -1.9. Let y = -1.6 + 1. Let t = 3.6 + y. Is k not equal to t?
True
Let i = 5 + -1. Let g = 1 - i. Let s = -10 - g. Does s = 0.1?
False
Let t(j) = -j**2 - 8*j - 9. Let w be 6/(-15) + 28/(-5). Let f be t(w). Which is smaller: 4 or f?
f
Let v = -137 - -225. Which is bigger: v or 87?
v
Let l be 24/(-84) + (-72)/(-7). Is l at most 11?
True
Suppose -4*v = t - 6*v - 12, -2*t = 4*v + 16. Suppose -5*f - 5*d = -2*d - 16, 0 = -f - 2*d - 1. Let h(r) = r**2 - 5*r + 2. Let m be h(f). Are t and m unequal?
False
Let r(f) = 1. Let a(d) = -d - 4. Let g(h) = -a(h) + 3*r(h). Let m = -2 - 6. Let n be g(m). Which is smaller: -2 or n?
-2
Let t = 1 - 0.8. Let x = t + -0.1. Let b = 217 + -1739/8. Is b <= x?
True
Let c be 30/2*4/(-10). Suppose -7 - 9 = -4*k. Suppose k*j - 1 = -21. Is c at least j?
False
Let d(i) = i**2 + 3. Suppose 4*u + 0*u = 0. Let j be d(u). Suppose -5*f = -2*v - 17, -j*f - 1 = 4*v - 6. Is v not equal to -1?
False
Let a = -12 - -17. Suppose -2 = -4*y - 0*y - w, 2*y = -a*w - 8. Is y not equal to 2/7?
True
Let u = 5 - 3. Let m be u + (0/(-2) - 0). Are 1/4 and m unequal?
True
Let i = -1 - -3. Suppose -t + i*t = -3. Let o be ((-2)/(-6))/(1 - 2). Is o less than t?
False
Suppose 15 = -2*u - 5*w, 2 = -3*w - 1. Are u and -6 unequal?
True
Let p = -52 - -37. Which is smaller: -14 or p?
p
Let w be 1/(-1)*2*3. Let f be (-636)/16 + 3/4. Let v be 4/w + (-28)/f. Which is smaller: -1 or v?
-1
Let b = -7 + 6.97. Let o(w) = -w - 10. Let d be o(-10). Which is bigger: d or b?
d
Let r(i) = -i + 10. Let l be r(8). Suppose -l*n - 5*j + 0*j + 2 = 0, -2*n + 2 = j. Which is smaller: 3/11 or n?
3/11
Suppose 6 + 66 = -9*s. Are -14 and s equal?
False
Let v(a) = a**2 - 5*a + 3. Let x be v(5). Suppose 5*p - 25 = -5*j, x + 13 = 4*j. Let g be ((-4)/(-2))/(p + -3). Which is smaller: 1 or g?
g
Let k be 58/(-18) - (-2)/9. Which is greater: k or -8/3?
-8/3
Let d = -3.33 + 3.2. Let c = d - 5.87. Let h = 5.6 + c. Which is bigger: 2/3 or h?
2/3
Let x = 4 - 23/6. Suppose 3*f - j - 5 = f, -4*f = 4*j + 20. Are f and x unequal?
True
Suppose 4*a - 8 = 4. Suppose -6 = z + 5*b, -a*z + 2 = -b + 4. Which is smaller: z or 1/14?
z
Let p = -1 - 0. Let x(j) = -j**3 - 5*j**2 - j - 3. Let f be x(-5). Suppose -f*o - 2*o = 0. Is o bigger than p?
True
Suppose 2 = j, g = -2*j + 2 + 2. Let w = 28 + -24. Are g and w non-equal?
True
Let v = -4.24 + 0.04. Let i = 4 + v. Is 2 greater than i?
True
Let x be 84/(-10) + (4 - 18/5). Which is bigger: -22/3 or x?
-22/3
Let a = -1 + -1. Which is smaller: -4 or a?
-4
Suppose 0 = 3*v + v + 36. Let p = v + 10. Which is smaller: p or -2/5?
-2/5
Let q = -62 - -560/9. Let a(z) = z**2 - 5*z - 1. Let f be a(5). Let v(i) = i + 1. Let l be v(f). Which is smaller: l or q?
l
Suppose -2*l + 4*l + 10 = 0. Are -5 and l nonequal?
False
Let q be (-9178)/(-14)*(-358)/18. Let h = q + 13039. Let u = -5/9 + h. Are 1 and u equal?
False
Suppose -a - 25 = -5. Is -21 less than a?
True
Let z be (-12)/32 - (-303)/(-24). Let s(p) = 3*p + 5. Let x be s(-6). Is z greater than or equal to x?
True
Let j = -2941941357/755336 - 999669/2104. Let n = 4370 + j. Let w = n - 700/3231. Which is smaller: 0 or w?
w
Suppose -g + 4*g = -12. Is 2 <= g?
False
Let o = -4 - -4. Let z be 1 + 2 + (-3280)/11. Let r = 295 + z. Which is smaller: r or o?
r
Let r = 0.9 + 0.1. Let z = r + -1.3. Let d = z - 0.1. Is -1 <= d?
True
Suppose -2*p = -8, -4*j + 2*p + 3 = -9. Let s be (2/(-4))/(j/(-20)). Which is smaller: s or 3?
s
Let t = -38/325 - -1/13. Let c = -34/225 - t. Is 0 greater than c?
True
Let r(g) = -2*g + 4. Let a be r(0). Which is smaller: -1/2 or a?
-1/2
Let z be -60 + (0/(-3) - 3). Let l be -1*(z/69 - -1). Which is greater: l or 0?
0
Let c(q) = q + 3 + 1 - 1 - 1. Let w be c(-2). Which is smaller: 0.2 or w?
w
Let p be 2/(1/1) + -14. Let c = -47/4 - p. Suppose 0 = 8*u - 4*u. Is u less than or equal to c?
True
Let x = -19 - -24. Suppose -4*c = d + 2, -4*c + 4 - 14 = x*d. Is 0 greater than d?
True
Let t(h) = h. Let i be t(4). Let p(o) = 4*o - 3*o + 6*o**2 - i - 3 - o**3. Let u be p(6). Is 0.3 smaller than u?
False
Suppose m = 5*m. Which is greater: -0.3 or m?
m
Let k be (9 + (1 - 1))/(-1). Let f = k - -13. Let u = 819 - 814. Is f equal to u?
False
Suppose 0 = z + z + 158586. Let f be z/(-231) - (-6)/21. Let u = f + -343. Does 0 = u?
False
Let n = -0.08 - 10.92. Let x = n - -11.1. Is 9 less than or equal to x?
False
Let q be (-3)/8 - (-4745)/13208. Is q greater than 1?
False
Suppose 8 = u + j, 10 = u + 5*j - 14. Let h = 1 - -2. Suppose 3 = -z, 0 = -0*n + n - h*z - 13. Is n at most u?
True
Let y = -1 + -2. Let r = -42 + 32. Let u = r - y. Which is smaller: -6 or u?
u
Let v(c) = c + 10. Let r be v(0). Let m = r - 9. Which is smaller: -1/8 or m?
-1/8
Let k = 70.9 - 67. Let j = k - 4. Which is greater: 5 or j?
5
Suppose d = 9 + 5. Suppose -1 - d = 5*h. Is -2 less than or equal to h?
False
Suppose 4*a + 8 = -52. Which is smaller: a or -41/3?
a
Let r = -0.054 + 7.054. Is r less than or equal to 1/2?
False
Let l = -25 - -24. Is l > -2/3?
False
Suppose -5*x = 4*p - 9, -5*p - 16 = -p. Let f(z) = z**2 - 5*z + 4. Let s be f(x). Suppose 4*a - 8*a = s. Is -1/6 less than a?
False
Let r = -1 + 0. Which is bigger: r or 2/37?
2/37
Suppose 0*o - s = -4*o, -4*o + 5*s = 0. Suppose 4*z - 10 = 4*c + 5*z, -c = -4*z - 6. Which is smaller: c or o?
c
Let f = 6 - 3. Suppose -t - f = 2*t. Which is smaller: t or -2?
-2
Let c be ((-6)/(-9))/((-4)/(-18)). Let w(z) = -z + 5. Let v be w(c). Suppose -1 = v*r - r. Which is smaller: r or -2/9?
r
Let d(g) = -g**2 + 7*g - 7. Let h be d(5). Suppose -3*b + h = -4*j, 1 = -j + 4*b - 3. Which is smaller: 7/2 or j?
j
Let x = -62 - | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'fb785d031239f497482dabf0e3f525702f11a4953b2982ebf00f84fb5e3c7d5a'} |
Home ->My House of Horrors ->499 A Pot of Soup
"I suppose if you put it that way..." Xiao Gu was rather disappointed.
"If you stand straight, you will not be afraid of your shadow being slanted. As long as you do not do anything wrong and live your life openly and freely, then even if you run into a ghost, they will be the one afraid of you." Chen Ge shared the lesson with Xiao Gu, and the young man listened closely.
"I understand now. Thank you, boss, for the lesson."
"You still have many things to learn in the future. I will help you see more things that you will never believe." Chen Ge did not have a useful person next to him, and many things were quite inconvenient for him. Xiao Gu's appearance made Chen Ge realize that this might be his perfect chance. He planned to cultivate an actual Haunted House employee in the young man.
"Do not tell anyone what happened on the bus, and this includes Xu Wan." Chen Ge opened the door to the Haunted House and waved for Xiao Gu to follow him. "Tonight, you can stay inside the staff breakroom. Remember, do not leave the room and wander off on your own. Especially remember to stay away from the scary scenarios."
"Boss, where will you sleep? I'm sure the two of us can share the same bed if we just move around." Xiao Gu was quite embarrassed to take advantage of Chen Ge's kindness.
"I have my ways. Later, I'll accompany you to the bathroom to change. After that, remember to stay inside the staff breakroom until the sun comes up."
"I can go to the toilet on my own; I'm not a child anymore." Xiao Gu still had not realized that he was currently standing inside the scariest location in Western Jiujiang. According to the assessment on the black phone, Chen Ge's House of Horrors could be considered a three-star scenario already.
"There are some props that I've placed inside the bathroom, and I'm afraid you might mess them up." Chen Ge found a random excuse and quickly moved away from this topic. He entered the staffroom and took out two sets of his own clothes. He handed one set to Xiao Gu. "Put these on. Give me your wet clothes."
After he was done with everything, Chen Ge closed the door to the staff breakroom. "Have a good sleep. I'll come find you tomorrow morning."
"Okay." The door closed. Xiao Gu sat beside the bed, and his heart was feeling quite embarrassed. He slept on the bed, and the boss slept on the floor. This was the first time that he had run into a situation like this. Brother Chen has a sharp tongue but a soft heart. Even though he doesn't mention it enough, I can see from his actions that he is a good man.
He pulled the thin cover off, and Xiao Gu was about to lie on the bed when he suddenly heard a cat meow. He quickly stood up. Underneath the cover was a big white cat with a pair of multi-colored eyes. It glanced lazily at Xiao Gu. The gaze seemed to say, Who are you, and where did you come from?
"Nice to meet you." Xiao Gu held the cover and stood next to the bed. He did not know what to do. The white cat did not bully Xiao Gu. It bit on a cute doll and jumped to the study table next to the table agilely. The cat scratched the light switch, and the staff breakroom fell into darkness. Holding the cover, Xiao Gu stood where he was dumbly.
My god, he even knows how to turn off the lights on his own...
Chen Ge stood outside the door for a while. He left after he saw the lights inside the room go off. He also changed into the new set of clothes and carried the half-drenched backpack into the props room.
The situation in Eastern Jiujiang is quite complicated. This probably related to the door in Li Wan City that has gone out of control. Doctor Gao said that the door was once under the ghost stories society's control. If I wish to gain more information on this door, I can try to get some from the members of the society.
Rummaging through the drawers, Chen Ge finally found the chairperson's letter of appointment and the patients' list for Third Sick Hall. He took these things and entered the underground scenario.
He activated the recorder and pushed open the door to the last classroom at Mu Yang High School. The mannequins in the school uniforms sat at their tables obediently. They looked so serious like they were preparing for an imminent and important exam.
"Don't worry, I just want to introduce some new friends to you." Chen Ge stood on the podium and tried for the first time to communicate with the spirits inside the patient's list. He released the souls of the mad people all at once. In life, they had been the most twisted maniacs. In death, their souls had refused to leave, and they had all turned into baleful spirits. The classroom was filled with dark winds, and the table, chairs, door, and windows rattled noisily. Screams and wails echoed in the room, and vengeful eyes charged at Chen Ge directly.
"Xu Yin." Dripping with blood, Xu Yin materialized next to Chen Ge. All the sounds and screams in the classroom were silenced instantly. When the few spirits finally quieted down, Chen Ge walked past them one by one. The group of spirits was indeed different from normal spirits. Even with a Red Specter staring them down, their eyes were radiating a dangerous glow as they glared darkly at Chen Ge.
"We're unable to communicate?" Chen Ge took out the chairperson's letter of appointment again. He showed Doctor Gao's handwriting to the spirits, and when they saw the handwriting, dark red blood vessels appeared in the spirits' eyes. In just a few seconds, all the spirits bowed down before Chen Ge.
Still unable to communicate? Or do they refuse to communicate with me because they have some issues with me?
As the new chairperson of the ghost stories society, Chen Ge had some connections with these old members. He summoned all of the employees at the Haunted House to surround the patients and then left the classroom.
The rain started to lighten. Huang Ling drove the taxi, and the car was nearing her home, but the speed was slowing down. Her heart was knotted in a conflict. Whenever she remembered what Chen Ge had said, she would be afraid. Should I return home tonight or not?
Before this, she did not know anything, so she had not been afraid. Now, Huang Ling did not know whom she should trust. Chen Ge's points were valid and logical, but ultimately, he was just an outsider. Jia Ming was her husband, and they had shared a life for so many years already.
After giving it some more thought, Huang Ling still could not come to a decision. Perhaps I should go back home, but if I don't go back, where would I go? Stay inside the taxi throughout the night? But how will I explain myself should the taxi driver wake up?
The taxi reached the entrance of the residential area, but Huang Ling still had not come to a decision. Suddenly, she saw a man holding an umbrella, waiting anxiously at the stairwell. "Jia Ming? Is he waiting for me?"
His shirt was wet, and Jia Ming looked quite look shabby.
"Why are you only coming back now‽" Jia Ming's voice sounded quite angry. Huang Ling parked the car, and she only pushed the door open when Jia Ming held the umbrella at the door. "Come back home with me now!"
"Let me leave my phone number with the driver first. If he wakes up, he can contact me." Huang Ling found a note inside the taxi and wrote a memo for the driver.
"What happened to you today? Why did the driver faint? Should we drive him to the hospital?" Jia Ming saw the driver that was still fainted on the backseat and was worried.
"My friend said he's fine. He was just shocked, so he'll be fine after some time."
"Your friend? You'd better stop hanging out with those strange people. From their appearance, the two that came today do not look like good people." Jia Ming held the umbrella and supported Huang Ling as they headed upstairs. The room door was open. The warm light from inside the room cleared the fear and anxiety inside Huang Ling's heart.
"I've reheated the food around seven to eight times already, but you are so late." Jia Ming pointed at the dishes on the table. "I even purposely stewed a pot of soup for you."
"Thank you, but I don't have much of an appetite." Seeing the table filled with food, Huang Ling was still quite touched. However, once it crossed her mind that this man standing beside her might not be her husband, all the warm feelings turned into an indescribable terror.
"Okay then, I'll clear the table. You'd better go and sleep; you still need to work tomorrow morning." Jia Ming was rather angry, and he had to rein it in to not explode in his wife's appearance. Huang Ling entered the bedroom, but she did not remove her jacket and pants. She pulled the cover over her body and lay down in bed.
In the other room, Jia Ming was clearing away the table. The sound of the plates falling into the sink kept echoing through the room. After who knew how long, the lights in the living room finally went off. Someone entered the bedroom and lay down next to Huang Ling. There was a small gap between the two.
Inside the cramped room that was shrouded in darkness, even though Huang Ling was tired, she was unable to fall asleep. The more she allowed her mind to wander, the more afraid she became. Her palms kept sweating.
About ten minutes later, when Huang Ling heard the light snoring from her husband and confirmed that the man had fallen asleep, she finally sighed in relief. After a whole day of work and the long drive, she was already at her limit. Her eyes slowly closed, and Huang Ling had no idea she was falling asleep. The fatigue from the eventful night was slowly catching up to her.
About one or two hours later, Huang Ling found herself inside a very scary dream. Her own husband stood at the door with a glinting cleaver in his hands, mumbling about the type of ingredients that he would use that night to cook soup with.
Cold sweat slid down her face, and her head jostled. After some struggle, her eyes flew open. The bedroom was completely dark and incredibly quiet. She confirmed that there was no one standing at the door.
"That was too scary." Huang Ling rubbed her head. She grabbed the phone that she had left on the bedside table. She found Chen Ge's contact number. She wanted to check whether she had set his number as speed dial or not. To prevent herself from accidentally waking up her husband who was sleeping, Huang Ling curled her body under the covers.
The phone screen's light fell on her face. Huang Ling opened the phone record, and her eyes followed on the list of numbers that had called her that night.
"These came from my husband." Her eyes slowly moved downward. Huang Ling focused completely on the display. However, suddenly, a finger appeared in her sight to press on her display, like it was trying very hard to call a particular number. Looking at that finger that appeared out of nowhere, Huang Ling shivered and jumped up in bed!
The phone fell in the middle of the bed, and the light from the display hit her husband's face. His face looked so familiar, but the expression was so strange. "Why aren't you sleeping? Is it because you're hungry?"
"I'm fine." Huang Ling hugged the cover and got up to turn on the light. However, weirdly enough, she gave it several tries, but the lights refused to turn on.
Her husband sat up in bed like a robot, and his voice became increasingly weird. The man mumbled to himself like he was unable to process what Huang Ling had said earlier. "If you're hungry, let's go and eat. I even stewed a pot of soup for you." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9848575592041016}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '15170', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5NSE72W57NYY4PYSYX5FOWFXNOETOD4O', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5fac29e6-fa07-461a-8518-9570a4d3bf83>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 28, 12, 2, 39), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.147.182', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FEGJRQ3PCBZMP6QHEE4DXESNEIIPLWCI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:dc63eac8-475f-4e69-a7d7-60c2558aa0ae>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://3tc4u.net/novel4382/499.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a589bcee-d515-4411-b697-6406d9bf9be7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2087', 'url': 'https://3tc4u.net/novel4382/499.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-33.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.13803249597549438', 'original_id': 'ce5c7829e54fbf311ef4fc2836350f2f049306d1472528c2b2b0b3486bc1a037'} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Differential diagnosis of severe progressive dementia includes a wide spectrum of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Particularly challenging is the differentiation of potentially treatable autoimmune encephalitis and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Such a coincidence may indeed complicate the correct diagnosis and influence subsequent treatment. The diseases can mimic one another to such an extent that one is led to believe that the patient is suffering from CJD when he or she has in fact a treatable autoimmune encephalitis \[[@CR1]-[@CR3]\] or vice versa \[[@CR2],[@CR4],[@CR5]\]. None of these VGKC complex antibodies in CJD patients have been found to be directed to LG1 or CASPR2, yet.
We here report a recent case of **C**ontactin-**as**sociated **pr**otein 2-Antibody (CASPR2) production during ongoing CJD, discuss the potential biological causes and the clinical consequences.
Case presentation {#Sec2}
=================
A 75-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to rapid progressive cognitive impairment. During the previous year, the patient had shown mild cognitive impairment due to moderate leukoariosis, thought to be associated with arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. There was no positive family history of dementia or dementia-like symptoms in the anamnesis. Ten days before admission, her husband observed a temporal disorientation and confusion, e.g. the patient could not recall the present date and put a saltshaker into the refrigerator. When admitted to our care the patient was conscious but disorientated to place, time and person. The initial neurological examination and an extensive neuropsychological evaluation showed significant impairments in almost all tested cognitive domains including attention, concentration, memory, executive function and visual-constructional ability. In addition, there was evidence of a right-sided visual neglect, aphasia in terms of language comprehension disorder and pronounced apraxic impairments corresponding to dysfunctions of her left-sided parietal circuits. All other neurological functions including motor, sensory and coordinative function were intact. An initial electroencephalography showed unspecific encephalopathy patterns. The MRI showed multiple microangiopathic lesions: left-sided lesions in the thalamus, parietooccipital, temporo mesial, thalamic, frontal and parietal cortices, as well as right-sided lesions in the basal ganglia. The brain-SPECT showed hypometabolism in the frontoparietal and parietooccipital cortices, more obvious on the left side, with normal nuclide accumulation in motor and occipital cortex. The primary investigation of cerebrospinal fluid revealed a pleocytosis of 7 Leukocytes/μl \[\<5 Leukocytes/μl\] with a Total Protein of 701 mg/l \[\<450 mg/l\] and 2,31 mmol/l Lactate \[1,2-2,1 mmol/l\]. Simultaneously, thyroperoxidase antibodies (serum titre 1606 IU/ml \[\<60 IU/ml\]) were detected. It was initially concluded based on these results that the patient was suffering from autoimmune encephalitis, believed to be caused by autoimmune thyroiditis. High dosage intravenous methylprednisolone therapy was initiated \[[@CR6]\]. Despite treatment however, the patient continued to exhibit cognitive and neuropsychological symptoms and presented the first tonic-clonic seizure, leading to the initiation of Levetiracetam therapy. The ongoing diagnostic workup included a broad search for potential autoimmune diseases. Serum and CSF were tested for antibodies to the following antigens: CASPR2, LGI1, NMDAR, GAD65, GAD67, GABABR, AMPAR1/2, GlyR and onconeural antigens, whereby CASPR2-antibodies were detected (serum titre 1:2000, see Figure [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}A; no antibody studies in CSF done). This result was interpreted as support for the hypothesis of ongoing autoimmune encephalitis. Treatment was now escalated to eight tryptophan immunoadsorptions processing two liters plasma per session. Although immunoadsorption effectively reduced the titre of CASPR2-antibodies (serum titre 1:32), the patient's cognitive and general neurological condition worsened. A positron emission tomography was now added to disclose malignancies. Apart from cystic structures in kidneys and liver, no underlying oncological disease was detected. Four weeks after the first MRI, follow up imaging now revealed new hyperintensities in the basal ganglia and both dorsal thalami \[Figure [2](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"} right\]. Furthermore, the EEG now presented a generalized periodic pattern with triphasic waves. Continuous CSF studies now showed normalization of Leukocytes (1/μl) and Total Protein (292 mg/l), but increased Tau and 14-3-3 proteins leading to the suspicion of a possible Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease \[[@CR7],[@CR8]\]. The patient continued to detoriate over the following month after discharge, dying approximately one year after the onset of symptoms. The postmortem examination showed signs of spongiform encephalopathy \[Figure [3](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}\], supporting our diagnosis of a definitive Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease \[[@CR7],[@CR8]\].Figure 1**MRI formation of symmetrical hyperintensities in the putamen and caudate head within two months seen on T2-weighted and FLAIR images.**Figure 2**Cell based assays for demonstration of CASPR2 antibodies (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). (A)** Serum of patient diluted 1:15 incubated with HEK cells transfected with CASPR2; the antibodies are visualized by a Alexa 594 anti-human-IgG antibody; mild counterstaining with Hoechst 33342. **(B)** Serum of a patient with classical limbic encephalitis and CASPR2 antibodies, technical details as in A. **(C)** Serum of patient incubated with control cells not expressing CASPR2 (negative result), technical details as in A. These images demonstrate that the patient's serum does not bind non-specifically to the CASPR2 expressing HEK cells in A.Figure 3**Frontal cortex (lower side towards pia mater; upper side towards white matter), PrP; Scale bar 100 um.** Note the confluent spongiosis and the diffuse synaptic PrP deposits. Brains were fixed in 4% formalin and paraffin-embedded tissue samples of frontal cortex were cut into 3 μm thick serial sections, mounted on glass slides and processed for immunhistochemical staining using specific antibodies to PrP. Visualization of primary antibody was achieved using the diaminobenzidine streptavidin-biotin horseradish peroxidase method on an automated stainer (Ventana/Roche).
Discussion {#Sec3}
----------
A rapidly progressive dementia with symptoms such as disorientation, apraxia, aphasia, extrapyramidal dysfunction, and psychiatric symptoms caused by CJD may mimic treatable types of autoimmune encephalitis. As shown in the present case, thyroperoxidase- and CASPR2-antibodies known to be associated with cognitive and neuropsychological symptoms \[[@CR9]\], can accompany the devastating spongiform encephalopathy.
Our findings expand upon prior reports in which VGKC complex antibodies were shown to be associated with CJD. In previous studies, the patient had not been tested for CASPR2 or LG1 \[[@CR4]\] and the actual antigen could not be identified. In addition, a recently published study \[[@CR2]\] demonstrated neuronal surface antigens in patients' CSF with rapid neurological deterioration. Patients in this study suffered from different non-specific cognitive deficits with variable degrees of memory loss and confusion. Interestingly, none of the patients in this series with definite CJD displayed antibodies against neuronal surface antigens. Those few patients (1,7%) in whom neuronal surface antigens were detected did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for probable or possible CJD. This is in contrast to our finding, in which CASPR2-antibodies \[Figure [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}\] in serum were clearly associated with a positive test for 14-3-3 protein and later on confirmed definite sporadic CJD by postmortem neuropathological analysis. It should be noted that the first positive finding of CASPR2-anibodies has been validated by a second test for CASPR2-antibodies, in which the serum titre, parallel to the decreasing CSF cell count, was significantly lower as a result of immunoadsorption treatment.
Another case series reported about a 68-year-old patient with sporadic CJD tested positive for serum antibodies to VGKC and GlyR antibodies but negative for CASPR2 and LG1 antibodies \[[@CR5]\].
Conclusion {#Sec4}
==========
The biological cause of this molecular mimicry is currently unknown and deserves further investigation. One may hypothesize that prion-induced neurodegeneration may have triggered an immunological reaction in peripheral lymph nodes causing antibody production against certain neuronal structures such as elements of voltage gated potassium channels.
With the diagnosis still unconfirmed, we chose to initiate therapy for the potentially treatable differential diagnosis. One could argue that global screening for antineural antibodies led us to a false diagnosis triggering intense and potentially dangerous procedures. We believe, however, that potentially treatable causes of dementia should be aggressively sought out and subsequently treated to avoid poor outcome. In fact, encephalitic syndromes are treatable conditions that may mimic CJD \[[@CR1],[@CR3]\].
The development of a CJD case into a progressive and untreatable encephalopathy, as presented here, is certainly very rare. Nevertheless, such unique cases are important as they present new opportunities to study the complex role of the immune system in the CNS.
Consent {#Sec5}
-------
Written informed consent was obtained from the legal guardian of the patient for publication of this Case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.
**Competing interests**
Christian G. Bien, MD: CGB gave scientific advice to Eisai (Frankfurt, Germany) and UCB (Monheim, Germany), undertook industry-funded travel with support of Eisai (Frankfurt, Germany), UCB (Monheim, Germany), Desitin (Hamburg, Germany), and Grifols (Frankfurt, Germany), obtained honoraria for speaking engagements from Eisai (Frankfurt, Germany), UCB (Monheim, Germany), Desitin (Hamburg, Germany), diamed (Köln, Germany), Fresenius Medical Care (Bad Homburg, Germany), and received research support from Astellas Pharma (München, Germany), Octapharma (Langenfeld, Germany), diamed (Köln, Germany) and Fresenius Medical Care (Bad Homburg, Germany). His employer (Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany) runs a laboratory for the detection of auto-antibodies including; external senders are charged for antibody diagnostics. He received research support from diamed (Köln, Germany), Fresenius Medical Care (Bad Homburg, Germany), Astellas Pharma (München, Germany) and Octapharma (Langenfeld, Germany). On behalf of all other authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
**Authors' contributions**
FZ is lead author, analyzed and interpreted the collected data, designed and wrote the manuscript. AH collected data of the patient and help in drafting the manuscript. AR collected data of the patient and participated in the design and coordination of the manuscript. MDO carried out the antibody investigations. MG provided post mortem figures and data. CGB provided figures and data to antibody investigation and revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. WRS is senior author, revised the manuscript critically and gave final approval of the version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The Holder of Paranoia
In any city, in any country, go to any haunted house on a Friday, October the 13th. In there you will fall into the state of mind where primal fear takes over, fueled by a feeling of being watched, followed, or constantly having your potential assailant right over your shoulder. Do not mistake this for mere paranoia, for if that is your only thought then you will never know what hit you from behind.
When this seemingly irrational fear hits you, think of what you fear the most. Once you have this thought clearly envisioned in your mind and can feel it almost as if it were happening, turn around and swing as hard as you possibly can behind you. If you spin and are knocked to your haunches, remain there, because struggling will only make your fate worse. If, however, you hit something, turn around and observe closely the form that the creature you struck has taken. It will be somebody or something dear to you. It will ask why you have injured it, it will tell you to go on and leave it alone, but don't. This is where the faint of heart need not apply, for when you smite this creature and kill it, the person or object whose form it has taken will hang in the balance from this point on. You should decide now if gaining the object is worth it.
When the creature dies, it will explode in a puff of fumes, leaving behind a horrible scent, but you must inhale it deeply, as deeply as you possibly can until you pass out. You will awaken behind the person that the demon took the form of. Your trial is to torture them through fear. You must frighten them beyond all understanding using the form and powers that the fumes you inhaled have given you, to the brink of driving them insane. If you did everything right, the person will pick up the nearest sharp object and drive it into their eyes. Do not be alarmed, as this can be undone with the object.
As they lay dying, pick up the object they drove into their eyes and it will turn into an elaborate dagger in your hands, a pulsating red gem set in the handle and an eye-shaped recess in the rather wide, long blade. This is where you must take care, for if you do this wrong, the person you hold dear is gone for good and the Holder will refuse to see you. You must slash the person's chest with the dagger just deep enough to allow the eye to drip with blood, but do not drench it. A few seconds after this, the person will awaken, their wounds healed and all paranoid thoughts and feelings gone from them. Now close your eyes and stab the dagger behind you. If you connect with something, leave the dagger in and turn around. If not, it would be better not to open your eyes, for you and the one dear to you will know a fate worse than simple death. Once you've turned to face the Holder, he will smile wickedly in his true form, perhaps driving you to madness as he is the embodiment of all that makes people paranoid.
If you can stand it, look him in the eyes and ask him, "Why must they hide?" The Holder will tell you of every feat of stealth, good and bad, that was ever performed by any creature or soul, natural or otherwise. You'll hear of everything from rapes, murders and robberies to surprise parties. Hope that you do not get distracted from the tale until its end, or the Holder will become displeased and leave you in your ghastly form for all eternity. If you make it through his story, he will nod and say to you, "Indeed, you have proven yourself worthy," but do not believe him! Remain suspicious and as The Holder moves to draw the dagger from his body, take it first and embed it into one of his eyes! He will scream and curse you as you pull out the dagger with his eye on it. Fumes will come from that wound as well. You must inhale them deeply as you did before. You will again pass out, but you will awaken in your true form, next to the one who gouged out their eyes. You will see that they are fine, and that the dagger is in your hands.
When you awaken, you will be able to see every demon and monstrosity that would usually make you paranoid, so long as the dagger is with you...If you can turn around fast enough. When you slice yourself with the blade, it will rid you temporarily of all fear, but be that you're being watched, you may just be scared into killing yourself.
The blood-ridden dagger is object 480 of 538. Is the knowledge of their existence better than living ignorantly?
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Nikon Rumors Forum » Topic: D5100, SI (superimpose plate) HELP ! where there’s smoke there’s forum fire en-US Fri, 13 Dec 2013 09:39:17 +0000 <![CDATA[Search]]> q NicDaniel on "D5100, SI (superimpose plate) HELP !" Mon, 30 Jan 2012 04:22:55 +0000 NicDaniel 77588@
I accidentally scratched a focus points display plate (a plate above the focusing screen) while changing focusing screen. In Canon cameras it's called superimpose (SI) plate, but local service center couldn't find it in Nikon catalogs. What is the proper name for this thing (in Nikon cameras) ? How can I get the part number (and replacement) ? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7924222350120544}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '2071', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PTZSGAMBGZ4VP7R5SPSZAY3YEMNN3KFO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e63e9549-c345-4a05-b631-40069fd16073>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 9, 39, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.0.67.18', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2PW6HUEDZW2JM4RAT34JURWBFD2X3D6R', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0fd32f87-06f8-4014-b21a-dec76dedd8b2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://nikonrumors.com/forum/rss.php?topic=4806', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8f9d27b4-7464-4126-bb53-567b8bda5f52>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '85', 'url': 'http://nikonrumors.com/forum/rss.php?topic=4806', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0633510947227478', 'original_id': '99158f7f9725a7ece8d73590d9c27d0c81f2b03025dd3038e8f7ac3c0f569ad6'} |
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OPINION
MESSITTE, District Judge.
Plaintiff Donna L. Bailey sues Prince George's County and Police Lieutenant Victoria L. Brock, alleging a violation of her civil rights under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 as well as a number of state-law based claims. Brock has filed a Motion to Dismiss and/or for Summary Judgment which Bailey opposes. The Court has determined to GRANT Brock's Motion to Dismiss.
I.
Bailey is a civilian employee of the Prince George's County Police Department and, at the time of the incident giving rise to this lawsuit, worked as an administrative assistant to the Commander of the District IV Precinct, Major Mark Wright. Brock was at all relevant times a uniformed lieutenant in the Prince George's County Police Department. Brock was not Bailey's supervisor and exercised no control over her.
At the time of the incident in question, both Bailey and Brock were assigned to the District IV Police Station in Oxon Hill, Maryland. Although Bailey and Brock worked in separate buildings, the nature of their work required them to occasionally interact. Prior to June 10, 1996, the parties had had no unpleasant dealings with one another.
On that date, the situation changed. Bailey received a telephone call from Brock requesting the telephone number of a coworker. When Bailey was unable to locate the number, she transferred Brock's call to Captain Frederick Nugent for assistance. Bailey's manner apparently displeased Brock. Shortly after, Brock came into Major Wright's office where Bailey was working and requested to speak with Bailey. The two entered into an unoccupied private office.
Once in the private office, Brock questioned Bailey about the manner in which she had handled the telephone inquiry. According to Bailey, the discussion became heated and Brock's questioning soon turned angry and threatening.
When Bailey attempted to leave the room, Brock purportedly blocked the exit and for a brief moment prevented Bailey from leaving. At that point, says Bailey, Brock placed her hand on her County-issued gun. The altercation ended when Bailey pushed past Brock and exited the room. Both parties immediately went to Major Wright's office to seek his intervention.
Following this incident and over the next year while the parties worked together in Oxon Hill, Bailey alleges that Brock repeatedly came to the Commander's Office and gave her "dirty looks" and stares. Bailey also says that Brock persistently used a "nasty tone" with her on the telephone.
Based on these events, Bailey filed the present lawsuit.
II.
A complaint should not be dismissed pursuant to F.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(1) "unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief." Finlator v. Powers, 902 F.2d 1158, 1160 (4th Cir.1990) (quoting Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46, 78 S.Ct. 99, 2 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957)). The critical inquiry in the present case is whether Bailey has posed sufficient facts to survive the Motion to Dismiss.
III.
Under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must first establish that the defendant acted under color of state law. Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S. 527, 535, 101 S.Ct. 1908, 68 L.Ed.2d 420 (1981); S.P. v. City of Takoma Park, 134 F.3d 260, 269 (4th Cir.1998). A person acts under color of state law only when exercising "power possessed by virtue of state law and made possible only because the wrongdoer is clothed with the authority of state law." United States v. Classic, 313 U.S. 299, 326, 61 S.Ct. 1031, 85 L.Ed. 1368 (1941). The alleged infringement of federal rights must be fairly attributable to the state. See Rendell-Baker v. Kohn, 457 U.S. 830, 102 S.Ct. 2764, 73 L.Ed.2d 418 (1982).
However, "[n]ot every action by a state official or employee is to be deemed as occurring 'under color' of state law." Hughes v. Meyer, 880 F.2d 967, 971 (7th Cir.1989). "Acts of police officers in the ambit of their personal, private pursuits fall outside of 42 U.S.C. § 1983." Stengel v. Belcher, 522 F.2d 438, 441 (6th Cir.1975) (quoted in Revene v. Charles County Commissioners, 882 F.2d 870, 872 (4th Cir.1989)). "[T]he nature of the act performed is controlling... The act therefore must be carefully scrutinized to determine whether an officer, when either on or off duty, is acting under color of state law." Revene, 882 F.2d at 872. However, misuse of power possessed by virtue of state law, as opposed to a "purely personal pursuit," falls within § 1983. Id. at 873-74.
The second requirement under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 is that the defendant's conduct must have deprived plaintiff of rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws of the United States. West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48, 108 S.Ct. 2250, 101 L.Ed.2d 40 (1988); Jenkins v. Medford, 119 F.3d 1156, 1159-60 (4th Cir.1997). Section 1983 provides no remedy for common law torts, Street v. Surdyka, 492 F.2d 368, 371 (4th Cir.1974); it creates a federal cause of action against those acting under color of state law who cause a deprivation of a federal constitutional right. Id. at 371. Although the same conduct can violate both state law and the federal Constitution, not all violations of state law rise to the level of a constitutional tort. Id.
IV.
Bailey alleges that Brock acted under color of state law during their encounter of June 10, 1996, presumably effecting an illegal arrest and using excessive force in violation of Bailey's Fourth Amendment rights.
Brock has moved to dismiss on the grounds that she neither acted under color of state law nor deprived Bailey of any constitutional right. Brock submits that her actions toward Bailey consisted of nothing more than a personal dispute between individuals who happened to be employees of the County police department.
V.
A. Bailey cites Revene to suggest that Brock's actions could be construed a misuse of power, constituting actions taken under color of state law. In Revene, plaintiff alleged that an off-duty, out-of-uniform Charles County police officer operating his own vehicle had followed plaintiffs decedent to his home and shot and killed him without provocation. The Fourth Circuit held that such actions could be "viewed as consistent with an officer's misuse of power . possessed by virtue of state law," thus falling within the purview of § 1983. Revene, 882 F.2d at 874.
Bailey invites the Court's attention to the fact that in the present case, the police officer (Brock) was on-duty, in uniform, in the office, and armed with a County-issued gun. The suggestion is that if the deputy sheriff in Revene could be held to be acting under color of state law when he was off-duty, out-of-uniform, and away from his station, then where the opposite of those indicia obtain, as in the present ease, action under color of state law must necessarily be present.
This logic is flawed and neglects the more critical language of Revene which is that "the nature of the act performed is controlling." 882 F.2d at 872. An officer can be on-duty, in uniform, in the station house itself and still not be acting under color of state law. See, e.g., Stengel v. Belcher, 522 F.2d at 441 (whether police officer is "in or out of uniform is not controlling"); Pitchell v. Callan, 13 F.3d 545, 548 (2d. Cir.1994) (whether police officer was on or off duty when the challenged incident occurred is not dispositive); Delcambre v. Delcambre, 635 F.2d 407, 408 (5th Cir.1981) (police chiefs assault on private citizen, though occurring at police headquarters, is not conduct under color of state law).
Delcambre offers parallels to the present case. There the chief of police assaulted his sister-in-law on the premises of a municipal police station. The sister-in-law was not arrested nor was she threatened with arrest. Affirming the district court's grant of summary judgment, the Fifth Circuit held that "the altercation arose out of an argument over family and political matters," 635 F.2d at 408, and found no act under color of law as required for § 1983 liability.
The only reasonable conclusion in the case at hand is that Brock was also engaged in a personal interaction. She was not performing a police function nor could she reasonably be believed to be. Instead, she was engaged in an office quarrel with a co-worker she thought had treated her rudely. Taking Bailey's version of the facts to be true, the most that can be said is that Brock, in a fit of pique, overreacted badly. But she did not arrest or threaten to arrest or even lay a hand on Bailey. She momentarily blocked a doorway and placed her hand on her gun. A conventional tort may or may not have occurred, but nothing approaching the violation of a constitutional right took place.
Bailey's § 1983 claim stops at the threshold. She has established no act by Brock that was taken under color of law.
B. Brock makes an alternative argument for dismissal. Bailey, she says, has alleged no violation of any constitutional right. Again the Court agrees with Brock. For the same reason that Bailey cannot establish action under color of law, i.e. because the dispute was nothing more than a personal if heated office dispute, she has established no constitutional violation.
VI.
That much said, the Court need go no further. However, it may be added that even assuming Brock violated Bailey's constitutional rights, the Court would find as a matter of law that the right of a civilian police employee not to have a uniformed co-employee momentarily place her hand on her gun and block the exit from an office during a personal dispute was not clearly established at the time of the encounter. The result is that Brock would enjoy qualified immunity from suit. See Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 102 S.Ct. 2727, 73 L.Ed.2d 396 (1982).
Count I as to Defendant Brock will be dismissed with prejudice.
VII.
Although the Court is inclined to view Bailey's state law claims as de minimis (especially that of intentional infliction of emotional distress), the Court as a matter of discretion chooses to dismiss those claims— Counts III, IV, V, VI, and VIII — without prejudice. See United Mine Workers of America v. Gibbs, 383 U.S. 715, 86 S.Ct. 1130, 16 L.Ed.2d 218 (1966).
However, the Court notes before doing so that, with the dismissal with prejudice of any claim of individual liability on the individual officer's part, there can be no basis for ascribing § 1983 or § 1986 liability to Prince George's County. See Temkin v. Frederick County Commissioners, 945 F.2d 716, 724 (4th Cir.1991). Accordingly, Bailey's civil rights claims against Prince George's County, Counts I and II, will be dismissed with prejudice. The only other counts against the County — Counts VII and VIII — will be dismissed without prejudice.
VIII.
For the foregoing reasons, the Court will GRANT Defendant's Motion to Dismiss.
A separate Order will be entered implementing this decision.
ORDER
Upon consideration of Defendant Brock's Motion to Dismiss and/or for Summary Judgment and Plaintiffs Opposition thereto, it is for the reasons set forth in the accompanying Opinion this 29th day of January, 1999
ORDERED that the count styled "Loss of Consortium" in the Amended Complaint presently designated as "Count VII" is hereby renumbered as "Count VIII;" and it is further
ORDERED that Defendant Brock's Motion to Dismiss is hereby GRANTED WITH PREJUDICE as to Count I of the Amended Complaint and WITHOUT PREJUDICE as to Counts III, IV, V, VI, and VIII; and it is further
ORDERED by the Court sua sponte that Counts I and II against Defendant Prince George's County are hereby DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE, and that Counts VII and VIII against Defendant Prince George's County are hereby DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE; and it is further
ORDERED that Defendant Brock's Motion for Summary Judgment is hereby rendered MOOT; and it is further
ORDERED that the Clerk shall CLOSE this case.
. Donna Bailey is the principal Plaintiff in this proceeding. Plaintiff Alexandre Bailey, her husband, claims only loss of consortium. All references to "Bailey" hereafter will signify Donna Bailey.
. The § 1983 claims comprise Count I of Bailey's Amended Complaint. In Count II, Bailey has sued Prince George's County under 42 U.S.C. § 1986, which authorizes an action for neglect to prevent a conspiracy to interfere with civil rights. Bailey's state law claims include Assault (Count III), False Arrest (Count IV), False Imprisonment (Count V), Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress (Count VI), Negligent Supervision/Retention (Count VII), and Loss of Consortium (also styled Count VII). The Court will order that the Loss of Consortium count be renumbered as Count VIII.
. 42 U.S.C. § 1983 provides:
Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress.
. See generally Douglas S. Miller, Off Duty, Off the Wall, But Not Off the Hook: Section 1983 Liability for the Private Misconduct of Police Officials, 30 Akron L.Rev. 325, 390 (1997).
. Moreover, the § 1986 claim — neglect to prevent a conspiracy to interfere with civil rights— presupposes the existence of a conspiracy which is nowhere alleged in the Amended Complaint. See McCalden v. California Library Ass'n, 955 F.2d 1214 (9th Cir.1990), cert. denied, 504 U.S. 957, 112 S.Ct. 2306, 119 L.Ed.2d 227 (1992)..
| common_corpus | {'identifier': '11758134_1', 'collection': 'Caselaw Access Project', 'open_type': 'Open Government', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1999.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '2270', 'token_count': '3278', '__index_level_0__': '45859', 'original_id': '99c0123159b24d926db4d5ebdb42542efe1d8193d87f98aab518202a9c020007'} |
I want to use this online recorder in my website:
Can I use this code in a commercial project? I know that the as3wavsound library is under MIT license that allows this. What about Kikko-shine GPL library ? Can I use the library in my commercial project? it is not a software product, it is an audio website that allows the users to record online and have audio channels with subscriptions.
Thanks in advance. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.909183382987976}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '45652', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4ROT3OL7F764GCX3BW7I5VYBWALNIBPD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ba9e8c04-d879-4ce1-a848-46530148b4e4>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 29, 2, 27, 7), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.221.218.251', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:25F5QUSP4IMXMRWUEJ55RM3GZOHL5NTQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a43fd599-e133-44f9-a297-fb6b633d97cd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.sitepoint.com/forums/showthread.php?876748-Coldfusion-Day-and-Month-names-in-Greek&goto=nextoldest', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:6558c808-8865-4f41-9be7-7fefbbc7025a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '75', 'url': 'http://www.sitepoint.com/forums/showthread.php?876748-Coldfusion-Day-and-Month-names-in-Greek&goto=nextoldest', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-35\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for August 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.2687394618988037', 'original_id': '3a4ac2434ddffcea89a492f28bd0cec3967d168c14fe0833bf0fc7f717f02bb4'} |
Lab meetings: the publication process
My lab meeting last week got totally derailed. In a good way.
One of my students mentioned the manuscript that she’s working on, and from all erupted a series of questions and questions about the publication process. Everyone wanted to know so much about that, we mostly ditched our original plans (to discuss the design of an experiment for the summer).
The social subtleties of how a paper gets published are entirely foreign to undergrads. Moreover, the basic mechanics of the process are also nothing of which they’re aware.
The meeting turned into a long clinic/tutorial about how the process goes. If I knew better, I would have been prepared with examples of cover letters, reviews, rejections, responses, and revisions.
Actually, I liked the way we went about it as an ad hoc conversation. I just answered their questions as they came in, rather than having prepared a little lesson about it. How do you pick a journal? How does an editor find reviewers? You mean they can just reject you without getting reviews? How often have you gotten rejected? How much do you get paid? You have to *pay* to publish? How much do you review? What happens when you say no? How long does it take for a paper to be published once you submit it? Can you submit to more than one at a time? What do you do when the reviewers don’t agree with one another? What does the university say when you publish a paper?
It’s important for my undergrads to be familiar with the how-we-do-things-on-a-daily-basis part of academia. They’ll be a lot more savvy as they gain more exposure and will be able to understand doctoral students, when they hang out and as they’re applying to grad school.
I’ve had this kind of conversation, informally, with students more times than I can remember. Little things get explained here and there, now and then. Lab meetings would be a good time to make this more formalized. There was a good discussion in an earlier post about what exactly we do and don’t do in lab meetings. So, here’s one thing you can dedicate a whole lab meeting to – the forensic analysis of the publication cycle of a couple manuscripts, explaining all the choices along the way.
My students are still surprised over the concept that it sometimes takes more work to publish a paper than it takes to collect the data, and even more surprised (or dismayed, perhaps) that it can take far longer to do so as well.
That’s a lesson that we need to reinforce, that much of science is about writing.
What do you do in lab meetings?
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Fellow eye findings of highly myopic subjects operated for retinal detachment associated with a macular hole.
To identity anatomic risk factors involved in the onset of retinal complications causing decrease of visual acuity (VA) in the fellow eyes of highly myopic patients operated for retinal detachment with macular hole (RDMH). Cohort study. Ninety-eight patients (mean age, 51.5+/-8.0 years) with bilateral high myopia (mean myopia of the fellow eye, 20.4+/-5.5 diopters) affected by RDMH in the other eye at baseline. Evaluation of the anatomic features at baseline and during 84+/-2.7 months of follow-up by biomicroscopic examination, indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy, B-scan ultrasonography, and optical coherence tomography. Detection of anatomic features associated with onset of retinal complications causing decrease of VA during the follow-up period. The fellow eyes were divided into 2 groups according to the clinical features of the RDMH eyes: Group 1, presence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD); and Group 2, presence of posterior vitreous schisis (PVS). At baseline, the incidence of PVD in group 1 was 31 of 47 eyes (65.9%) and the incidence of PVS in Group 2 was 42 of 51 eyes (82.3%). At the end of follow-up, group 1 eyes had a lower incidence of retinal complications causing visual decrease than group 2 eyes (group 1, 2/47 eyes; group 2, 9/51 eyes). Fellow eyes of RDMH cases with higher degree of myopia and peculiar vitreoretinal features including PVS, posterior epiretinal membrane, severe posterior staphyloma, and chorioretinal atrophy are more likely to develop retinal complications causing decrease of VA. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '8de039fef0e5e2ba72028ca529dde111e83fc895be9c631db9c72cd11231d907'} |
American Paint Horse
The American Paint Horse is a breed highly valued for its color and markings, but it is also a favorite because of its unique refinement and intelligence. Its current popularity notwithstanding, the Paint Horse has long been used in performance competitions as a show horse.
Physical Characteristics
The American Paint Horse comes in various colors, amongst them, bay, chestnut, black, palomino, gray, buckskin, and blue roan. But, more important than their physical coloring, are their distinctive white markings. While the marks vary in size, the patterns are standard. The two predominant coat patterns of Paint Horses, the overo and tobiano, are distinguished by the position of the white coloring on the body.
The overo (Spanish, for “like an egg”) patterned horse has white spots extending across the back between the withers (the highest point on the back) and the tail. Typically, all four legs are dark-colored, but in order to be considered, at least one leg should be dark in color. Scattered and irregular white markings also appear all over the body. The tail should be solid in color, and the horse itself can be either primarily dark or primarily white. The overo pattern is generally used to describe most patterns that are not the tobiano pattern, which can lead to some confusion when describing a horse simply as overo. They include the frame overo, the sabino (speckled), and the splashed white overo. Many overo-patterned American Paint horses have blue eyes, especially the frame and the splashed white, and the tail is a single color.
The tobiano-patterned horse, on the other hand, has a solid-colored head with a white spot at front, which can be of various shapes (e.g., blaze, star, etc). The legs are white, with an appearance of white stockings. Apart from these distinctive markings, the spots on the rest of the horse’s body are in sharp contrast to the colored areas. These markings are commonly found on the neck as well as the chest. Spotting may be oval or round, and the amount of white varies as well. Some Tobianos have a large amount of white, while others have so little white that they appear not to be spotted at all. The tobiano usually has dark brown eyes and bicolored tail.
In addition, there is also the combination of the overo and tobiano, the third accepted coat pattern. Because of the risks that are inherent in some breeding programs, in particular, the lethal white foal condition that is related to the frame overos, combining breeds from different patterns will result in stronger bloodlines. This is important for the strength and survival of the Paint Horse, and also adds vitality to the splash markings of the Painted Horse. The resultant cross is referred to as a tovero.
The American Paint Horse has a muscular and firm neck, a muscular yet short back, strong legs, sloping shoulders, mid-size ears, and intelligent eyes.
The American Paint Horse is known for its amiability. Its good nature, plus its innate intelligence, makes the American Paint Horse a pleasure to train for performance competitions, and above all, an ideal companion outside of the ring.
History and Background
Around 500 A.D., during the invasion of the Roman Empire, several barbaric tribes brought spotted Oriental horses from Eurasia to Spain, where the spotted horses were interbred with the native horse stock. The breed thrived in Spain, and began to resemble what is commonly referred to as the standard Paint Horse markings. Records dating back to 700 A.D. show the spotted horses that have the standard tobiano and overo patterns. When Spanish Conquistadors came to the United States, they brought their own horses along. These horses are believed to be the ancestors of the modern American Paint Horse.
The American Paint Horse -- while undeniably recognized by its colorful markings and patterns -- still has to conform to strict bloodline and physical conformation requirements. The standard-setting body (association) for this breed is the American Paint Horse Association (APHA). According to the set rules, a horse can qualify for registration as an American Paint Horse if its sire and dam are themselves registered with the APHA, the Jockey Club or the American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA); this ensures the purity of its stock. Apart from satisfying bloodlines and ancestry requirements, the horse must also exhibit standard conformation and temperament.
You Might Also Like | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.939488410949707}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '35680', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TWC2A3I2B2M3A5U3AYJRQB5TUXAMKQYN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:616cd0db-9741-48ac-80d1-5d8ec6be81a2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 24, 5, 1, 7), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.16.83.51', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GDPVWWN4FDTBESSUKF44R6W2Y5MLOU7D', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:563a8b46-e474-4730-a46d-725e179f082d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://m.petmd.com/horse/breeds/c_hr_american_paint_horse', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b3b3f831-0d18-452d-a422-4383eb2db28b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '721', 'url': 'https://m.petmd.com/horse/breeds/c_hr_american_paint_horse', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-97-181-44.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08539307117462158', 'original_id': '838b74b106f375c36360d240179f5fe84268febf2d13eeb4e1c18e4e235d83cd'} |
How to dispose of broken glass safely
Whether you just lost your grip on the mayo or toppled a wine glass during a party, broken glass can cause a bit of a panic. If you are wondering how to dispose of broken glass safely, you’re in the right place.
By Cleanipedia Team
Smashed wine glass on the floor
The crash from a falling glass is enough to make you wince, and it’s truly amazing how far the pieces can travel, especially on hard floors. Learning what to do with broken glass is an essential life skill. Not the most enjoyable of tasks, but one we all face now and then.
Broken glass disposal should be done quickly, carefully and thoroughly. A missed shard or badly disposed of smashed mug has the potential to cause serious injury. Would you rather spend five more minutes cleaning it up, or wait five hours in A&E to get stitched up? We thought so.
You will need:
• Thick rubber gloves
• Newspaper or cardboard box
• Vacuum
• Cloth
• Bread or damp paper towel
• Bin bag
• Multi-purpose cleaner
What to do with broken glass
1. Protect yourself
How do you handle broken glassware? Carefully! First of all, protect yourself by putting on a pair of thick rubber gloves and make sure you’re wearing a proper pair of shoes. You’ll also want to keep children and animals well out of the room until you’ve finished clearing up the glass.
If they were in the room when the glass was broken, check to make sure they’re not injured and that no stray shards are caught up in their fur/clothing.
2. Pick up the glass
Get a newspaper or a cardboard box to hold the glass. If you’re using a newspaper, open it up but keep the sheets together so it’s good and thick. If you’re using a box, make sure there are no gaps that the glass could slip through.
Carefully pick up the shards of glass in your gloved hands, and place them on top of the newspaper or in the box. Check the floor in the whole room, and beyond if the glass was broken near a doorway.
Make sure you check underneath appliances, tables, chairs and so on. If you’re in the kitchen, open the oven and fridge door, as it’s easy for glass shards to hide underneath.
Step 2: broken wine glass in a cardboard box
3. Vacuum the area
Next, vacuum the whole room thoroughly (you can mop up any spilt liquid with some paper towels first). Don’t use a broom or the brush attachment on the vacuum, as little shards can get stuck in the bristles and transfer back onto the floor next time you use it.
Step 3: person vacuuming glass from the floor
4. Wipe the area
Even a powerful vacuum cleaner can leave tiny shards and glass dust behind. So, wipe a fresh piece of bread or some damp paper towel over the whole area. The glass will stick to it. Then just pop the bread or paper towel on top of the rest of the glass that you’ve cleaned up.
Step 4: person wiping the floor from broken glass
5. Dispose of the glass
Carefully wrap the glass (and bread) up in the sheets of newspaper or close the lid of the cardboard box. Tape it closed. Put the whole lot into a plastic bag, along with the rubber gloves, and tie the bag closed. Make sure you use a bin bag for this, as carrier bags have small holes. The bag should now be safe to place in your general waste bin.
Step 5: Person putting cardboard box into bin bag
6. Clean up spills
While you’ve already mopped up any spills, some liquids, like orange juice, milk etc, need properly cleaning up so they don’t leave a sticky residue.
If you’re dealing with a hard surface, spray some multi-purpose cleaner over it, and wipe it clean with a damp cloth.
For carpet or upholstery, make up a solution of water and carpet cleaner, as detailed on the packet. Dab the stain with the solution, wipe it with clean water and then pat it dry. It’s best to use disposable paper towels for this, just in case any glass dust is still trapped in the carpet fibres. If the liquid has left a stain (hello red wine), you can read some handy stain removal tips here.
Step 6: Person wiping the floor with a cloth
Voila, job done. You can breathe easily once again!
How concerned are you about disinfecting while cleaning?
How to dispose of broken glass that’s too big for the bin
If you’ve broken a mirror or window, you might have large pieces of glass that won’t fit in the bin. First off, call your local recycling centre. They may be able to take the glass as it is.
If they can’t accept broken glass, you may need to break it into smaller pieces. To do this as safely as possible, you’re going to need to wear gloves, shoes and safety goggles.
Wrap the glass in a large, thick piece of material – an old towel is ideal. Carry it outside and make sure the glass is secure inside the towel. Using a hammer, lightly tap on the glass through the towel, to break it into smaller pieces. We’re going to stress the word lightly here – you want smaller pieces of glass, not tiny shards.
Once you have pieces that will fit in the bin, leave them inside the towel and put the whole thing in a cardboard box. Tape it closed, put it in a bin bag and then pop that in the bin. Don’t forget to check the area the glass was broken in, as well as the area where you broke it into smaller pieces, for any stray shards.
Why attempt broken glass recycling
In general, broken glass isn’t recyclable, namely because it tends to be dangerous or may require some special treatment. However, reducing our amounts of glass waste is extremely important, so it’s not a bad idea to attempt broken glass recycling. Even when glass can’t be re-melted into products, it can normally be used as aggregate, meaning it still isn’t going to waste. Definitely don’t attempt this yourself, but certain glass recycling collection services will offer to remove your broken glass in a way that is safe. Remember that you’ll need a special collection procedure rather than a regular glass collection service.
Can I put broken glass in the recycling bin?
Broken glass can sometimes be recycled, but councils often won’t accept it in a kerbside bin, as it risks injuring workers. So you might need to take it to a bottle bank or local recycling centre. Check your local council’s website or call them to ask how to dispose of glass. You can also find out more about recycling non-broken glass here.
Can broken glass go in the bin?
Yes, it can go in your main bin, but do make sure you wrap it in several sheets of newspaper or put it in a box before you put it in a bin bag, so that the refuse collectors don’t cut themselves.
Originally published | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '62', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9311343431472778}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '153534', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:3ANDH3I6XTV3726XIB75IQUZLZDCZLFN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:56a0abcf-34de-45a5-a1b9-dd319a71cc42>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 21, 1, 4, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '13.249.44.69', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3RGQ2FWBBNHBBUW6TIFIB2ZU4SMUGHFM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:194c4590-660d-4a47-be45-da904cc43ea5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.cleanipedia.com/gb/sustainability/dispose-broken-glass-safely.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:eecdfeb3-2849-4eaf-8ed3-d5cc97842db7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1213', 'url': 'https://www.cleanipedia.com/gb/sustainability/dispose-broken-glass-safely.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-90.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06911581754684448', 'original_id': '32a0add5ccffeb81cd8f8a5232e2c9200315b7252aba4a9d8031a43fe86bb6ea'} |
Professional jobs at risk from robotics and automation: Govt
Robotics and automation could put well over half a million jobs in professions such as bookkeeping, accounting, and stenography at risk for the year ending 2014, according to the Department of Industry's latest report.
The Australian Industry Report 2013-14 (PDF) has forecast that robots and automation could displace more than 500,000 jobs in high-skilled industries such as accounting and finance for the year ending 2014.
The report, published on Wednesday by the Department of Industry and Chief Economist Mark Cully, suggested that some of the skilled, predominantly white-collar jobs most at risk from robotics and automation include those in bookkeeping, auditing, and payroll operations.
"The challenges presented by more automation are not limited to low-skilled positions, as robots are increasingly replicating the tasks of medium- and high-skilled workers," the report said. "The silver lining is that higher productivity will eventually deliver cheaper goods and higher disposable incomes, as it did during the industrial revolution."
The report suggested that far from hampering the local jobs landscape for the long-term future, the increase in robotics and automation would result in new skilled job areas and opportunities, and other industry advantages.
"The comparative advantages of being human -- the ability to solve problems intuitively, improvise spontaneously, and act creatively -- as well as the unlimited needs and wants of humans suggest that the displacement of jobs due to automation is unlikely to be long term," it said. "Automation will allow for new technologies to develop, and allow workers to utilise those comparative advantages in ways that are currently unimaginable."
The report said that job losses over the last decade in manufacturing, agriculture, forestry and fishing, information, media, and telecommunications -- all industries that have been heavily affected by automation in previous years -- have been offset by more than 1 million job gains in higher-paying industries.
In the report's foreword, Scully talked up Australia's ability to adapt to such disruptive forces in the local industry, saying, "Australia will continue to be exposed to economic and demographic forces, and we must therefore continue to adapt. It's the one certainty we have in a world of change."
However, Scully's optimism stands in contrast to the report's assertion that more and more high-skilled and graduate jobs in Australia are being supplanted by robots, automation, and other innovative technology.
"The challenges presented by increasing automation are not limited to low-skilled positions," the report said. "One of the at-risk jobs identified in the study are pharmacists: 78.6 percent of pharmacists in Australia have a bachelor's degree, and 15.4 percent have post-graduate qualifications, making it one of the most highly educated occupations in the nation. A tertiary education therefore does not guarantee safeguard against automation."
Jobs most at risk of being automated, 1993-94, and 2013-2014 (Image: Department of Industry)
A key ongoing factor driving trends in the demand for particular occupations is automation, according to the report, which has driven falling demand for some occupations and increasing demand for others.
Today, there are entire factories assembling intricate and specialised devices without human intervention. Foxconn, China's largest private employer, began replacing 1 million workers with robots in 2013.
"At first, it was considered that low-skilled employment would be more affected by the introduction of machinery. But recent research suggests being low skilled does not necessarily mean that your job will be replaced by robotics," it said.
Despite immediate job losses in certain industries due to new technology, the report indicated that automation and robotics would lead to higher productivity, and would eventually deliver cheaper goods and higher disposable incomes for Australians.
"There is potential to benefit from these productivity gains, even if the temporary adjustments may be painful," it said. "Technological change has driven structural change across the economy in a number of ways.
"Improvements to robotics, for example, have increased the range of occupations which can be automated, while improved communications and data transfer technologies have facilitated transactions over great distances." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '12', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9599121809005736}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '429935', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:RE42CVK2EFWF7PKTI3JVJH4VIDYLQOFL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:69bba006-18f3-4967-a80f-eafd92ad313c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 23, 7, 26, 53), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.46.53.207', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PMNZJ22LLFFYOPBZUQONWUQK4WS2U2FF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1ac9f76e-ee56-4c1d-8721-57f75645f13b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.zdnet.com/article/professional-jobs-at-risk-thanks-to-robotics-and-automation/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:dd038fda-6a26-4068-b0c5-e691a273ed30>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '645', 'url': 'https://www.zdnet.com/article/professional-jobs-at-risk-thanks-to-robotics-and-automation/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-186-87-179.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.027514874935150146', 'original_id': '630d6c8f3f67c057e20b46431df8dd3de2d4aaf2cc6e1de40e3bb8e2dc268408'} |
What are fillings and crowns?
Fillings and crowns are restorations that replace tooth structure. A filling restoration will basically “fill” that part of the tooth that was damaged while a crown covers the entire surface of a tooth, protecting the damaged tooth. Both restorations will restore a damaged tooth back to its’ normal shape, function, and look.
Why fillings and crowns are needed
Fillings and crowns restore a tooth back to its’ normal shape, function and look. They can help repair damaged teeth or fix cosmetic issues. They may be needed because of a cavity, a crack, a chipped or broken tooth, wear or a previous restoration that is failing. They can correct discolorations, gaps or crowding. It is important to treat these teeth with fillings or crowns because these conditions can result in serious consequences and problems if they’re not taken care of.
If a tooth has a cavity it is important to remove the decay before it gets bigger. Decay can rapidly spread throughout tooth structure. If decay is left untreated, the tooth can fracture and become sensitive, painful or abscessed. The more tooth structure that is damaged, the more treatment required, such as a root canal. If the decay is extensive enough, the tooth could be beyond fixing and need to be taken out. Removing the decay early and restoring with a filling or crown can help prevent further problems and treatment.
A crack is a fracture line separating sound tooth structure. If left untreated the crack can progress further into the tooth causing severe pain and the tooth may need a root canal. The crack can spread down the root of the tooth or across the tooth causing it to split and need to be removed. Bacteria can enter the site of the crack and a cavity can form. If the crack is small, a filling can be done decreasing the chances of a crown, root canal or extraction being needed. A crown is required when there are several different fracture lines in a tooth or the crack line is seen extending further into the tooth. The crown acts like a helmet, protecting the tooth from cracks progressing further into the tooth.
Previous restoration failing
Older fillings and crowns often wear out with time and need to be replaced. The number one reason previous restorations fail is because decay gets around the tooth structure supporting the filling or crown. This is recurrent decay and it can result in having to remove the entire restoration to clean up the decay and place a completely new filling or crown. To help dental work last, we recommend good oral hygiene at home and routine cleanings, exams, and radiographs.
Teeth that have wear have a major functional issue going on. Good tooth structures is being reduced or eroded away. The teeth will start to look thin, short, discolored or jagged. The wear can start to progress at an even faster rate if not caught early. Teeth are in danger of sensitivity, pain and breakage. The further the damage to the teeth, the more treatment needed later.
Chipped teeth, crowding, spaces, discolorations or stains
Tooth colored fillings and all ceramic crowns can fix cosmetic issues. Misaligned or broken teeth are harder to clean and become plaque traps, making it easier to get future cavities and gum disease. These esthetic restorations can replace unnatural looking restorations containing metal. Older silver restorations can start to corrode and leak over time. Replacing them helps prevent futures cracks and decay.
Filling vs. Crown
Both fillings and crowns will help restore teeth and have them feeling and looking natural again. Fillings are best for smaller cosmetic and functional problems. When decay, wear, a break or crack line is more extensive, the tooth becomes weaker and is likely to fracture more. A crown is then recommended to strengthen that tooth and protect it from further problems discussed above. Crowns are excellent options for making larger cosmetic changes as well. Often both a filling and a crown are needed to restore a tooth back to health when severely damaged by decay, fractures or failing restorations. You may hear the filling called a “build up” with the crown. It essentially builds the damaged area back up with filling material, giving the tooth structure needed for a crown to be done.
More information
Dr. Brian will talk with you about the options you have regarding treatment and discuss which he thinks will be best for you.
You can learn more about different types of fillings or crowns, see patient photos, what to expect with treatment and how they are done.
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Hello. Allow me introduce the writer. His title is Tuan although he doesn't really like being called like that. It's not a typical factor but what I like performing is foundation jumping and I will by no means quit performing it. Her day job is a databases administrator and she'll be promoted soon. Years ago we moved to Mississippi but I need to transfer for my family members. You can usually discover his web site here:
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Member currently has no playlists. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9693119525909424}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '6304', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BFBMCLFQNTMPX74GAGYTOSXEOR36324S', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4076c020-6e8f-403f-8b60-0a9148e5928c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 6, 18, 6, 53, 36), 'WARC-IP-Address': '129.121.137.227', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AYDVHHO4ZDYWVQDPOHN5RQMPVHWDICT3', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1a601027-b429-4e67-9cd1-df033defa506>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://swattube.com/members/AngelitaTow/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:70744c3c-9076-47f7-a4cb-b279acd95305>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '102', 'url': 'http://swattube.com/members/AngelitaTow/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-26\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-165-255-234.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.026869475841522217', 'original_id': 'f42009bf608bdb1a4e814fa8ad2abcebe2eb46ba7f607bc5a99ad197d4609c0a'} |
Derecho the Doom Bringer
Played 5008 times
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Derecho the Doom Bringer game information:
You are no longer the big white fluffy cloud, You are now Derecho The Doom Bringer! and you want revenge!
How to play:
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May 25, 2019
Golf Putting Instructions: Never One-Hand Another Putt
One of the best golf putting tips is to never ever one-hand or back-hand another putt.
Never one-hand another putt has to be one of the best golf putting tips ever uttered.
Golfers tend to assume they cannot miss a putt when their ball is but a few inches of the cup. Frequently they will try to one-hand or backhand the ball into the cup and end up with a three putt or more rather than in regulation.This not only occurs with amateurs but also with professional golfers.
Take, for example, the putt Stewart Sink missed a few years ago in the U.S. Open when he felt he had lost the tournament to Retief Goosen. Because he felt he was out of the tournament after missing a rather makeable putt, he simply one-handed his next putt and missed it as well. Ironically, Retief Goosen missed his very makeable putt also but, unlike Sink, he took his time on his follow-up putt, addressed his putt correctly and stroked it into the cup in order ot get into the playoff with Mark Brooks the next day.
Had Sink taken his time, gone through his regular routine and stroked the putt normally he would have had no trouble making the putt that would have put him into the next day’s playoff. He may not have won the playoff but he would have had a shot at it, at least. Incidentally, Sink was one of the best putters on the tour at that time.
How many other professionals have taken themselves out of tournaments simply because they did not follow their putting routine and tried to backhand or one-hand a short putt into the cup? John Daly easily comes to mind.
A one-handed or backhanded putt is dangerous from the gitgo simply because the putter blade is rarely square to the cup. Even when it is square to the cup when one-handing or backhanding a putt the body is not aligned proprly on the aim line to stroke the putt squarely into the center of the cup.
Whether in tournament play or just a fun round of golf with friends, you should always go through your regular putting routine even if the ball is within a few inches of the cup. You will be glad you did. This truly is one of the best golf putting tips ever.
Copyright © 2010 by Gordon Jackson
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One US Soldier Killed, Four Wounded in Somalia Fight Against al-Shabaab
US troops came under mortar fire during operation
US special forces came under attack Friday in Somalia during a joint operation with Somali and Kenyan forces. The offensive was meant to seize a large chunk of territory currently controlled by al-Shabaab militants and establish a “permanent combat outpost.”
The US troops quickly found themselves on the receiving end of mortar and small arms fires, and in the ensuing fighting, one American soldier was killed, and four others wounded. A fifth soldier was wounded, described as “local,” but the Pentagon did not clarify if it was a Somali or Kenyan.
This offensive took place in Jubaland, a common target for Somali forces, but one which the Somali government has little control over. This isn’t unusual, as the Mogadishu-based government tends to have very limited practical control outside of the capital city.
The Pentagon has offered little else about the incident, but did say that of the four wounded US soldiers, one was treated sufficiently in the field, while the other three had to be medically evacuated. It is unclear where they were sent.
Author: Jason Ditz
Jason Ditz is news editor of | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.980244755744934}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '48061', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4ZHICRMUYOBB5XS2IK5FLMCBKRZFC4NA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:59b329bf-34fe-4a9d-9628-5caa7106e4f7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 12, 21, 39, 37), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.192.17.210', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:U7AMFH6PSRYH6PFYRY3N3YOSQG22EXN4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:43b8dcbb-8985-4b24-b50a-8761b57309ef>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://news.antiwar.com/2018/06/08/one-us-soldier-killed-four-wounded-in-somalia-fight-against-al-shabaab/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:bd440225-2480-4c5b-9756-e292ad195d9b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '200', 'url': 'https://news.antiwar.com/2018/06/08/one-us-soldier-killed-four-wounded-in-somalia-fight-against-al-shabaab/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-195.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.12953317165374756', 'original_id': '2f82765b912d26c9353bff582678f7c239a00217d3ad48b36d16aef9938e877c'} |
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The September NFP report came and went, and boy, was it a doozy!
Economic forecasts were right on the money as they had correctly predicted an increase of 114,000 jobs in September. This was accompanied by upward revisions to July’s and August’s gains, which were upgraded from 141,000 to 181,000 and 96,000 to 142,000 respectively.
Meanwhile, the unemployment rate fell sharply in September, falling to 7.8% from 8.1% – its biggest monthly drop in over 18 months.
How in the world did that happen?
To understand the discrepancy between the job gains and the big drop in the unemployment rate, you must first understand how employment data is collected and analysed.
The U.S. conducts two separate surveys – one to determine the number of jobs added (a.k.a. the payroll survey), and the other to determine the unemployment rate (a.k.a. the household survey).
The payroll survey is conducted by interviewing large companies and government agencies to determine the number of individuals employed during the month. From the results of the survey, the government can compute how many jobs were created or lost.
On the other hand, the government conducts the household survey by sending out questionnaires to some 60,000 homes. The survey tries to find out how many of these people have work, how many are looking for work, and how many are not looking for work. From these figures, the government is able to determine the unemployment rate and participation rate.
The payroll and household surveys also differ in another major way. The household survey includes the self-employed, farm workers, and those who work for start-up companies, while the payroll survey doesn’t.
It’s important to note that while the Average Joe is more familiar with the unemployment rate, economists and investors tend to focus more on payroll figures to learn how quickly new jobs are being generated.
This is probably why we saw a reversal in the dollar’s price action last Friday. The dollar index had initially dropped from the 79.90 area to the 79.60 level in the first two hours of the NFP release. The Greenback then shot back up against its counterparts with USDX capping the day near its intraday high. What’s up with that?
USDX Reaction to September NFP
Aside from profit-taking, another possible explanation for the reversal is that analysts have taken a good look at the other details of the household and business surveys.
For instance, the U-6 unemployment rate, a broader measure of U.S. employment, remained steady at 14.7% in September. This stands in contrast to the drop in the official unemployment rate.
Also take note that the biggest increases in hiring are found in the health care, finance, transportation, and warehousing sectors. The manufacturing sector, which is one of the strongest in the economy, actually shed 16,000 jobs in September after printing a drop of 22,000 in August.
Analysts believe that the U.S. would have to generate 250,000 jobs each month for a few years for the jobless rate to return to its pre-recession levels. At this rate, it would take around 28 months for the economy to recover the jobs lost during the recession.
The scepticism around the latest jobs numbers suggests that analysts are still cautiously optimistic on the pace of the U.S. economic recovery. Right now, we need to wait for the next months’ numbers before we can make any realistic guess on the employment trends and their possible impact on the Fed’s QE3 program. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9685134291648864}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '29888', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:UBSNXCLSGHTRLVHUK7O5HE5UHRTUB6WP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7c7a6eaf-bbc8-42f1-a6e9-a716643d01b5>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 12, 9, 9, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '13.32.204.114', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NNAQP6U43TRXFIJ245VMKN54SZQQBWNP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ce195709-66db-4ef5-bcd6-1f42d955b9d7>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.babypips.com/news/what-happened-to-the-nfp-rally', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0105d559-eab1-452f-9582-8d118e4892c8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '576', 'url': 'https://www.babypips.com/news/what-happened-to-the-nfp-rally', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-193.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.048202574253082275', 'original_id': 'd84a9738748f2102595d7351e9d3feed415c0944285dc65cdb1b96f182b5dca5'} |
The billionaire head of Brevan Howard hedge fund, Alan Howard, is launching a crypto portfolio platform that aims to make stable investments in a notoriously volatile market.
The platform is geared towards institutional clients and will make strategic investments in other crypto hedge funds, becoming a kind of fund of funds, according to a Financial Times report on August 30.
The fund is projected to manage as much as $1 billion in investments. This venture comes amid a tempered bull run lead by bitcoin’s surge in price. According to data firm Hedge Fund Research, crypto-focused investment pools are up nearly 60 percent over the first two quarters this year.
Elwood Asset Management, the firm that manages Howard’s personal digital assets, will oversee the launch, construction and direction of the new fund. The aim is to find firms that satisfy Elwood’s due diligence in order to avoid so-called blow ups.
“Losing traditional assets in the real world is hard. In the digital world, it’s very easy to lose assets — put in the wrong address for a bitcoin transfer and it’s gone forever,” said Bin Ren, CEO, blockchain funds specialist at Elwood.
Ideally, Howard’s venture will identify enough firms to invest in to offer their own clients portfolio options that satisfy their risk profiles, liquidity needs and diversity requirements.
Details are forthcoming, but Elwood may design bespoke portfolios for each investor. For the service, Elwood will charge an undisclosed management fee, in addition to a fee to access the underlying funds.
Previously, Elwood and investment management company Invesco co-launched an exchange-traded fund (ETF) with stakes in companies developing blockchain technology.
In an interview with Bloomberg in March, Ren said: “The only way for institutions to get meaningful exposure to digital assets has been to buy Bitcoin, but many are reluctant or unable to buy Bitcoin — and for good reason.”
Howard has invested in cryptocurrencies since 2017, including an early investment in Block.one, the corporate parent of EOS. He is not involved in the day to day operations at Elwood.
Business miniature via Shutterstock | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd6877950bf9d10ee95b9402d5ea4b1cba0e4e54ea1342f682a7fe918521aad42'} |
Magistrate Judge Paul Grewal found in favor of a First Amendment challenge to the bail conditions of the defendants accused of hacking PayPal in revenge for the embargo on services to WikiLeaks lat year. Vincent Kershaw and others had filed several motions challenging restrictions on their computer usage while they await trial.
According to the order released by Grewal in # Case5:11-cr-00471-DLJ
Kershaw argues that the IRC and Twitter restrictions violates his right to freedom of speech under the First Amendment. The crux of Kershaw's argument is that the restriction unduly burdens his right to engage in political discourse by these means. Kershaw points out that the ban denies him tweets issued by President Obama and other national figures and prevents him from engaging in Twitter Town Halls.
The court is not persuaded, however, that the restriction on Twitter use should be maintained. The indictment makes no mention of Twitter whatsoever. While the government’s general proffer mentions Twitter, and courts regularly approve proceeding in detention proceedings by way of proffer,17 nothing proffered by the government sufficiently links any defendant’s allegedly criminal activities to use of a Twitter account. In the absence of any indictment charge, any evidence, or even any specific proffer of such illicit activity by Twitter, the court is not persuaded that the restriction advances any legitimate interest in protecting the public’s safety or prevent any defendant from fleeing. Under these circumstances, any illicit use of Twitter by any defendant may be adequately addressed by the monitoring approved elsewhere in this order. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ffaffcd5f10f9a518bdad8414f6034e15578e0ac1a270cc7c3bca48251c597f3'} |
Things You Should Know About What Is the Definition of Term in Math
Using What Is the Definition of Term in Math
Of course the above mentioned scenario is preposterous. On the flip side, the overall public, and creationists particularly, need to likewise work somewhat harder to be able to understand science. An buy custom essays online overview of the way the U.S. government locked huge numbers of people in cages to be forgotten.
One must understand the simpler methods initially, as a way to grasp the more sophisticated ones. Doing some sort of resistance exercise is crucial for that. The difference between both types is in the manner where the study is truly conducted.
To put it simply, you don’t need to believe a man or woman could feel as a book a part of those. Lets assume there are about 30 distinct choices for the form of the earth. The important point to bear in mind is the way the color varies from its original hue.
There are 3 powerful change agents which will eventually facilitate and force main changes in our math education system. It is possible to just count in from both ends of the list till you meet in the center, if you would like, particularly if your list is short. Certain exceptional pairs of events have a distinctive relationship known as mutual exclusivity.
To start with, make sure you’re asking yourself the question that’s proper. The exact first thing is going to be to read the matter and get a succinct idea. Write your proof so that someone which is not acquainted with the problem will readily understand what it is you are saying.
A good deal of you’d like to comprehend how to work out the proportion of weight loss like they do on the show. A whole lot of people away from the field dismiss AI due to their confusion of intelligence with emotion. There are a few decisions that will need to get made when putting groups together.
What Is the Definition of Term in Math Features
A place to term rule, also known as an explicit rule, lets you compute the worth of any term. Generally mathematical usage, however, term isn’t restricted to additive expressions. It is generally used in conjunction with power-of-10 scientific notation.
When it has to do with business statistics, our Nerds most frequently get questions regarding the use of statistical strategies. Now let’s look at an issue that involves unit price. Proof of stake was considered the greener alternate to PoW.
As a result of its latter argument, the operator is referred to as a second-order function symbol. The comments which were emailed to me by readers can be located on my website. An operation is similar to an operator, but the purpose of view differs.
The dividend is the number that’s being divided. When you locate a value which works, all smaller values of also do the job. Provided a function, it’s often helpful to be aware of the pace at which the function changes.
The ideal strategy is to cross-validate and pick the model with the maximum R and lowest RSS on testing error estimates. The reality of producing hydrogen peroxide is harder. Nowadays you’ve added matter to that balloon in the form of air.
In the event the request fails to contain all the essential parameters, then the user is going to be interrogated until all info is provided. Most vendors involved in telecommunications make an effort to spell out their goods and services with regard to the OSI model. The original amount is also called the par price.
The rational numbers incorporate the integers. The molecules wouldn’t be water anymore. Specifically, the magic formula doesn’t get the job done for exponential functions.
The probability of the second event is dependent on what the results are in the very first event. The prosperous fork is determined by the height of their blocks. My math block is all about one hour and a half.
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The adventure continues!
Bricktown Brewery, as I mentioned, has beer from other places so while we were there I tried a beer from Prairie Artisan Ales from Tulsa, OK. Had to stick with the Oklahoma beers! I’m a huge fan of Saison/Farmhouse Ales because they always have a unique taste. Pretty boring name, but I got Standard.
Just by looking at the pour I could tell the carbonation would be a little more than I like, but it was still foamy on top. The smell was citrus and yeasty. The taste kind of was a little more hoppy than I would expect, but got a salty lime taste up front, then the yeast came in, and finished with the hops. Carbonation made it seem like a soda with lime. So not super overwhelming, which I was very pleased about.
My sister, Paige and her husband, Cody took Kurt and I to a place called Oak and Ore near downtown Oklahoma City. This is a charming “boutique beer hall” with 36 different craft beers. There is quite a good selection of Oklahoma beer, lucky me! Sadly I slacked on the pictures, nor did any of us get food there.
Paige and I figured out that everything listed in a color chalk was from Oklahoma and the white were other states craft beer. There are some games that can be played since they have a game night once a week. We got down on some UNO!
I was feeling a sour for some reason, which I would think since it was so cold I would go dark and strong. February in Oklahoma is a lot different than Phoenix weather wise.
This lovely sour is from 405 Brewing Company out of Norman, Oklahoma, but started as a Belgian pale-style wort from Prairie Artisan Ales. This has that perfect sour smell that makes your mouth water and nose burn a little bit, but has a slight sweet smell of berries. Upon first taste I could really taste the raspberries and blackberries like they would taste in a wine and then the sour just sits on the tongue. There is a pretty high alcohol content, but not boozy like a bourbon barrel aged beer, more a wine alcohol content taste. Overrall an amazing sour!
I wasn’t feeling in a decision making mood so had my sister pick the next beer for me. Now she has no idea of craft beer so for sure just got a random one.
I like her style though, 12.8% is a good jump from 8% and sticking with the barrel aged beers. This was another beer from COOP Ale Works. Smells like cherries, I was in sheer shock. In defense of the beer, I should have reminded my sister I am not a fan of cherry flavored things, but I went with it anyways. The cherry flavor is very strong, but it’s more on the sweeter side of maraschino cherries. This is the booziest fruit beer I’ve had, but has a medicinal taste.
Someone on twitter said that a beer tasted medicinal and I was super confused so I asked what they meant. I was told when I tasted a beer like that I would know and that was no joke. This reminded me of cough syrup. Again, shame on me for getting something I knew there wouldbe a high chance of me disliking but no waste here I drank every last drop.
For food we went to Empire Pizza next door and luckily they had craft beer as well, so I could continue my adventure. Pizza is not exactly apart of my lifestyle of food choices so I just drank, but the other three really enjoyed the pizza. They were pretty unique different pizza options.
Got another beer from COOP. Really wish we could have gone there. The Native Amber had that really pretty caramel color! The smell was sweet and a hint of hops. I got the sweet caramel and malts taste at first, then a bready taste, and the hops come in and round out the beer so there isn’t a sugar taste left in the mouth. This is exactly what I look for in an amber, that good blend of both malts and hops.
This ends the Oklahoma beer. I was not disappointed and am excited for my next visit to try more! | mini_pile | {'original_id': '3fcf1945fa11e80c52e4c97f4be2d6ed28933dd788fccc19267f75ef96aa0bdb'} |
1. Come back before moving forward
If it's January, it must be another Toyota Motors (NYSE: TM) recall. The automaker giant is recalling 1.7 million vehicles over leaky fuel systems.
Obviously this isn't as problematic as Toyota's earlier brake and accelerator mishaps. The defective parts should be a quick fix. The larger harm here is to Toyota's brand. Recalls are inconvenient to drivers, eating away at an automaker's prestige.
If massive recalls become annual events, the Japanese car maker will know why its dealer showrooms just aren't as busy as competing lots.
2. The Finnish line
At least Nokia (NYSE: NOK) CEO Stephen Elop gets it.
"The industry changed, and now it's time for Nokia to change faster," he conceded in discussing his company's ho-hum quarterly results.
Year-over-year sales were flat on a currency-adjusted basis for the Finnish handset maker. Unit shipments slipped slightly. A flat performance during the wireless boom isn't pretty, and the end result is that Nokia's once-enviable global market share of 34% last year has slipped to 32%.
Most companies would love to corner nearly a third of the handset market, but the trend is the problem. Nokia may have been the runaway leader in feature phones, but it's a laggard in the more promising shift to smartphones.
Elop gets it, but that doesn't mean that Nokia can actually change faster than the industry.
3. Losing revenue in India
Fledgling Indian portal (Nasdaq: REDF) remains a shell of the company it was several years ago.
Rediff posted a widening deficit on a mere $5.9 million in revenue during its latest quarter. A rally that began last month has catapulted the shares to a market cap of $250 million, but how is that a fair price for a second-tier portal that isn't profitable as it rakes in roughly $2 million a month in revenue?
The good news for India in general, and Rediff in particular, is that initiatives are in place to improve Internet penetration rates and connectivity speeds in the world's second most populous nation. This is going to pay off in the long run for Rediff, but it's not going to transform the portal into an overnight sensation. Speculators are welcome to continue trading in and out of Rediff, but be careful about owning these volatile shares as we head into its uninspiring quarterly reports.
4. A picture's worth a thousand hurts
It hasn't been a very photogenic week for Eastman Kodak (NYSE: EK).
Shares of the photofinishing pioneer slumped 13% on Tuesday after a judge sided against Kodak in a patent-infringement lawsuit against Research In Motion (Nasdaq: RIMM) and Apple (Nasdaq: AAPL) smartphones. It was a bit of a surprise, since Kodak has secured chunky settlements against other handset makers. RIM and Apple dodged a bullet -- for now.
Adding fiscal insult to legal injury, Kodak shares tumbled an additional 18% on Wednesday after posting disappointing financial results. Revenue and earnings from continuing operations in its latest quarter fell 25% and 88%, respectively.
That's some blurry snapshot that can't be Photoshopped to health.
5. Hack a Shack
Investors can't say that they weren't warned about the pending implosion at RadioShack (NYSE: RSH).
Shares of the small-box retailer were slammed this week after the company put out disappointing financial and announced that its CEO was bolting.
"Analysts see revenue climbing 4% and earnings shooting 17% higher this new fiscal year," I wrote two weeks ago when RadioShack was the subject of my "Throw This Stock Away" column. "I don't agree. The same market trends that have been tripping up Best Buy will soon knock down RadioShack."
RadioShack had just lost its deal to run wireless kiosks inside Sam's warehouse clubs. It was also an obvious loser in the upcoming Verizon iPhone release, since Verizon Wireless is the one major carrier that RadioShack isn't affiliated with through its stores.
Kudos to those who saw the light and got out before the CEO did.
The Fool owns shares of and has written puts on Apple, which is a Motley Fool Stock Advisor recommendation. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors.
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Supreme Court Ruminations
Although this Blog covers political issues in at least 1/3 of posts, I have never written about the Supreme Court. Perhaps this is because—despite politicization by partisans—this branch of government is distinguished by the fact that it enjoys a high approval rating by the American public. For the most part, Americans believe that our top justices are motivated by truth and a desire to apply the law fairly.
The observations below are just bits & pieces; Ellery’s insight into political thought. Some day, I may return to add or expand on these topics…
On Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg opining about Donald Trump
Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg
It’s hard to fault Justice Ginsburg for adding to the alarm that all thinking people feel concerning the popular rise of a xenophobic, self-centered misogynist. While a Supreme Court justice is expected to maintain a poker-face throughout their career, Ginsburg probably feels a patriotic obligation to do something other than remain quiet regarding a course of events that could well lead to riot and national ruin.
I have nothing against Mr. Trump personally—but I admire anyone with influence who refuses to keep quiet.
On Congress delaying Supreme Court review/ratification until the election
Judge Merrick-GarlandSpeaking of the Supreme Court, just where is it written that the US Congress can shelve their duty to review and ratify a judicial nominee, just because the president belongs to a different party—or because he has entered the last year of his term? That’s ¼ of his elected term. I mean c’mon folks: It’s your sworn duty. Do you job! Obama’s nomination of Merrick Garland is not a partisan appointment.
For the record, Judge Garland has previously been vetted and exulted by a Republican Congress. He has distinguished himself as he supervised the investigation into the Alfred P. Murrah building bombing in Olklahoma City.
The never ending issue of safe & legal abortion
What is it that pro-life advocates don’t get—concerning the benefits of a secular, tolerant and inclusive government? I realize that lifers feel strongly that abortion is murder.
But there must be a line between government protection and a person’s own body. To draw the line of government oversight and meddling in the bedroom is beyond outrageous…
‘Pro-choice’ is not a nihilistic philosophy. Advocates do not set out to end the life of a fetus. Just as with end-of-life care, we believe that incredibly difficult and personal medical decisions belong with family and physicians rather than neighbors and government bureaucrats.
And while we’re at it, Planned Parenthood is not a tool of Satan. I can’t imagine an NGO that has done more to elevate women and serve their needs with sensitivity and compassion. Planned ParenthoodWhen you consider the shocking legal restrictions on facilities, tools, professionals, medicine and basic information, this organization shines like a beacon into the dark abyss, | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '10', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9466167092323304}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '56355', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:E7PUC4RSLB467WAN4327JO55PQVUBSDK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1877be33-a981-4735-a672-bd72d92f45d2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 3, 25, 5, 45, 26), 'WARC-IP-Address': '166.62.108.230', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VPXBKMQKY32EFOLTWUVVPXSNCZQCZVC4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d1905294-f383-4f84-89c7-c6dc73be39b0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://awildduck.com/?tag=supreme-court-nominee', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a56042e6-e6e0-40cb-bb8c-2ead950c5f80>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '470', 'url': 'http://awildduck.com/?tag=supreme-court-nominee', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-13\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02608734369277954', 'original_id': '33c29960d577c9f0b0bf8b219c241ebbc628156e28e1aa893b82f28a382c02aa'} |
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The Independent Critic
Written & Directed by
Jennifer Campbell
Stefany Mathias, Tony Butler
Running Time
"Hike" Review
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I've never cared for camping. There are too many things that can happen when you go into the woods.
Apparently, Hike writer/director Jennifer Campbell agrees.
Hike begins simply enough as a man (Tony Butler) and a woman (Stefany Mathias), obviously or seemingly in love, find themselves amidst God's glory for what appears to be a romantic afternoon amidst nature and with one another.
Hike is about what can happen when you go into the woods. Reviewing a film with a storyline as simple as Hike's is a challenge, for revealing too much would ruin what is a beautifully produced and well constructed horror short.
Alas, I find myself holding my tongue.
What's most horrifying in life? For that matter, what films have you found most horrifying? While the Saw films or the Hostel films may horrify, it's the films that resonate with something sacred inside that leave the strongest impact on us. The idea of a young woman possessed by a demon was horrifying in The Exorcist, while John Carpenter tapped into the darker aspects of a beloved holiday and placed them in smalltown America.
I don't know about you, but John Carpenter's Halloween scared the crap out of me. In this day and age when it seems like horror films opt for more brutality and less actual fear, a film such as Jennifer Campbell's Hike is frighteningly refreshing.
Simple. Nature. Ordinary life. Ah, sweet love.
How terrifying.
Hike is beautifully acted by its co-stars, a seemingly ordinary middle-class couple exchanging loving, if ever so slightly wary, glances and comfortable touches of intimacy and familiarity. Tony Butler doesn't play anything for drama here, a perfect choice that pays off perfectly as his character reveals himself ever so slowly. It is Tony Butler's complete and utter normalcy that leaves you unable to decide if you're looking at Robert Brady or Patrick Bateman.
Similarly, Stefany Mathias is spot on perfect as the young woman seemingly unaware that all is not necessarily beautiful even when beauty is all you can see around you. Life is never truly, completely safe.
Hike is marvelously photographed by D.P. Thomas Billingsley, who captures the beauty and awesomeness of the surroundings while lensing everything in such a way that something intangible feels not quite right from the film's opening moments of a bird singing a song that itself feels uncomfortably eerie. Billingsley also edits the film, occasionally cutting back and forth between shots of nature and humanity - Or is it the nature of humanity? Or the inhumanity of nature? Whatever it is that feels "not quite right," Brian Minato's original music taps right into it and heightens the film's slowly rising sense of paranoia.
In a film that runs just over seven minutes, writer/director Jennifer Campbell and her cast and crew manage to create a film that stays with you long after the closing credits have scrolled by. Sure to be a favorite at indie and horror fests all over, Hike is a reminder of what can happen when you go into the words and that, sometimes, the greatest horrors are right beside you.
The Official Rating Guideline
• A+ to A: 4 Stars
• A- to B+: 3.5 Stars
• B: 3 Stars
• B- to C+: 2.5 Stars
• C: 2 Stars
• C- to D+: 1.5 Stars
• D: 1 Star
• D-: .5 Star
• F: Zero Stars
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