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Ms. Marvel: Episode Two - 'Crushed' Spoiler Review
The second episode of Ms. Marvel is consistent with the first episode but loses some of its fun and replaces with a deeper dive into Kamala's family history and culture. Episode two that was titled Crushed was not a very big drop in quality from episode one, Crushed managed to delve deeper into culture which I think is a good thing for the MCU. The episode also has set up some mysteries that will likely be explored over the remaining five episodes. The mystery surround Kamala's mother's family history is very muddled right now, and the bracelet that gives Kamala her powers is part of it. After my first viewing, I was very perplexed by the story about the family history; but after repeated viewings I am starting to grasp what is happening. We met a new character in this episode, Kamran (played by Rish Shah) seemed so cool, but in reality, he feels like a spy. The end of the episode has Kamran saving Kamala from getting captured by Damage Control, how did he know it was Kamala, and what is his connection to the bracelet. I get the feeling Kamran's mother is the key because her reveal at the end felt like it was meant to be important.
In my review of episode one I applauded Ms. Marvel for spending the time digging into the cultural and familial elements of the character, and episode two doubled down on it. I think I am enjoying the relationships of Kamala more than the superhero part of the show, seeing Kamala attempt to master her new powers. I am also still not past my issues with how she got her powers (bracelet), and how her powers are visualized (blue light verses stretchy skin). I have not seen enough of her using her powers in a way I find cool to make me accept this version of Ms. Marvel. I accept the portrayal of the character Iman Vellani, and I like what they are doing with her family, but her powers bother me. I hope there will be enough things I enjoy about the show so I will not keep going back to the powers. The character drama, and the family history mystery is fantastic so far. While this episode did feature Kamala using her powers to save a child in danger, there has not been a lot of action so far in the two episodes; but it has not needed the action to be interesting.
The episode begins with Kamala going to school the day after AvengerCon, she is riding high on the previous night's events. Kamala bumps into Kamran, and then Bruno; and they realize everyone is talking about the events from AvengerCon. Bruno and Kamala are joined by Nakia (played by Yasmeen Fletcher), and they listen to Zoe (played by Laurel Marsden) recount the events of her being saved by Kamala. Zoe who over dramatizes the events decides to throw a party, she to sees Kamran and asks him to attend the party. Kamala and Bruno agree that Kamala needs to work on her skills to get better at using her powers. Bruno who is studying the bangle believes that the bangle (the bracelet) is unlocking power inside of Kamala. Bruno notices that there is writing on the bangle, but they cannot decipher what language it is. Kamala through practice is getting better at using the power, she is generating blue shields that she can step on and jump off of.
Kamala and Nakia are late attending the mosque, but during prayer they can't help but notice the women's section is in disrepair when compared to the men's section. Kamala suggests that Nakia run for the mosque board position, Nakia agrees after having her shoes stolen. Kamala apologizes to her mother for lying and sneaking out, but she is also trying to get permission to attend Zoe's party. Nakia, Bruno and Kamala attend the party; and when Nakia and Kamala see Kamran without a shirt, they both develop a crush on him. The cops arrive to break up the party and Kamran gives Bruno, Kamala and Nakia a ride home in his very expensive car. Kamala and Kamran bond over some shared interests until Bruno interjects out of jealousy. Kamran drops them off and gives Kamala his phone number so she can call/text him for driving lessons. Kamala is smitten and arrives home and we get a song and dance number while she makes her way through her house and back to her room. Kamala doodles a picture of her and Kamran together and then her nose glows blue, so she panics and runs to the washroom. Nakia calms Kamala down by sharing that while she makes everything look easy, but everything was a struggle until she found her place.
Bruno meets with the guidance counselor Mr. Wilson who informs Bruno that he got into CalTech, but Bruno is reluctant because it would mean leaving Kamala. Kamala meets Kamran after school to go driving, but she is forced to blow Bruno off who wants to talk to her about something. Kamala and Kamran end up going for dinner, and they talk about moms and Kamran says he and his mom are close as they have had to move around a lot. Aamir (Kamala's brother) and his soon to be wife (Tyesha) come into the same restaurant as them. Kamala panics because she knows her brother would be upset if she was on a date, so she tells Aamir that Kamran is their cousin. Kamala is at the dinner table with her family when her father tells Tyesha the story of Muneeba's (Kamala's mother) family history. Muneeba's family left for Karachi, and Muneeba's mom Sana went missing, but somehow, she managed to find her way to the train and her father before the train had left. Sana had told her family that she found her way back by following a trail of stars, Sana's mother also disappeared that night and was never seen again. After telling the story the bangle causes Kamala to have a vision of someone in a doorway of light; Kamala comes to with her family around thinking she fainted.
Kamala calls her Nani through video call, and she asks her about the bangle and Nani replies that it belonged to her mother Aisha and then she says she has spoken too much about the bangle. Kamala asks her mother about Aisha, and Muneeba says that Aisha brought shame to the entire family. The family attends the Eid celebration at the mosque, and Bruno attends to help Nakia with her attempt to secure a position on the mosque board. There are factions within the mosque, and Kamala is to secure the votes of the illumin-aunties which is one of the toughest groups to crack. Zoe has been brought in to be questioned by Damage Control about the events of AvengerCon; Agent Cleary bonds with Zoe to try and get more information out of her. Agent Cleary's partner, Agent Deever manages to get that the superhero at the convention was of South Asian descent. At the mosque, Kamala is asking the illumin-aunties about her great-grandmother, they say she brought curses to those around her, she had a secret family and that she killed a man. A young boy wanting to take a cool selfie ends up dangling from the roof of the mosque. Kamala puts on her costume to save the boy, she manages to save him using her blue steps, but she has another vision, and the step disappears. The vision this time is clearly a woman (possibly her great-grandmother) whose hand is reaching out towards Kamala. When Kamala comes back to reality the boy is falling, but she is able to slop his fall by making blue steps appears to slow the boy down. There are police sirens, so Kamala attempts to escape except Damage Control drones find her and she is forced to use her powers to destroy the drones. The Damage Control teams is distracted by the explosion allowing a car to pull up (its Kamran) and drive Kamala away. Kamran has another passenger in the car, his mother who says she has been waiting a very long time to meet her as the episode ends.
Ms. Marvel has delivered another solid episode, but the question for me is why then do I find myself not caring about the show as much as I am. I like Ms. Marvel, but as I am currently watching The Boys and Obi-Wan Kenobi as well I find those shows are connecting with me more. The Boys is a show that I think is one of the most underrated shows out there, and Obi-Wan Kenobi is a continuation of a story Star Wars fans never thought they'd see. Ms. Marvel is a fun show, which has a lot of heart to it, but I wish I could connect with it more. I think learning more about the mystery of the bangle, and Muneeba's family history will help. I don't really understand how her powers work, and Bruno in this episode said the bangle is doing nothing but activating something inside of Kamala. An unfortunate trope of TV is the need to drag out reveals over the course of a season, if something is a limited series, I do not see the reason to drag things out. Ms. Marvel hopefully will start to reveal some of its mysteries in episode three.
The mystery being teased in Crushed makes me think that Kamala's great-grandmother Aisha had a connection to the bangle. I also am going to theorize that Kamran's mother is Aisha's granddaughter making Kamran and her cousins. I am not sure how all of this will fit together, but I have a feeling that Kamran and Kamala are related. I also hope Bruno gets to talk to Kamala, I feel they left things in a bad place after she ditched him for Kamran. I know Bruno said the bangle is not supplying the power, but what else could be the source of the power. The depiction of Kamala's powers (blue steps) is a little bland, but I think there is room for it to get better/more interesting. To really appreciate all of what is happening you need to see the episode more than once, and you need to listen to almost every word of dialogue. There was even a Kingo (Kumail Nanjiani's character in Eternals) reference in the episode, could Kingo possibly be related to Kamala (which is why she has abilities). Since Kamala's powers are not based on the comic book version of the character, I am not sure where anything is going.
I am going to give episode two of Ms. Marvel an 8/10, I think the topics being explored on the show are important. This episode explored the politics of the mosque (and the gender bias in it), and it also covered the Partition which is a terrible even in Indian/Pakistani history. I thought the first episode was deep, but I think the show is moving deeper now as the mysteries have expanded. I also found Kamala's parents even more likeable, her mother is showing a softer side that is hiding something painful. Ms. Marvel has done a fantastic job with the family and culture stuff, but so far has been lacking in the hero stuff. There have been enough good things about the show so far to keep me invested, but for a Marvel show I am not feeling wowed yet. Despite all the negative stuff I feel that Ms. Marvel is an enjoyable show to watch, and it rewards its viewer if they pay very close attention. The visual style of the show is cool, the cinematography is blah, but the animation style is really cool, and it adds something to the show.
Thank you for reading my review of Crushed and stay tuned for my review of episode three. Let me know on how you are feeling about Ms. Marvel after two episodes.
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1. Hi Nerdfitness peeps! I'm super surprised you when I typed in "Gelatin" and "Collagen" and no discussions came up. I work at a place that sells both and everyone at my office takes it as a supplement on a daily basis. Im going to copy and paste an article from http://paleoleap.com/all-about-gelatin-and-collagen/. It does a good job explaining how we used to have these things in our diets, how they're essential, and how we need to supplement them now. My company only really does bulk orders, but please let me know if I can help you find it. If you spend much time talking to people who eat Paleo, you’ll probably hear about gelatin. Gelatin checks all the boxes for an important food from a Paleo perspective: Relatively abundant in our ancestral diet, but relatively scarce in the modern diet. Significant health benefits that make that scarcity a serious problem. Here’s an explanation of what gelatin and collagen are, the difference between them, and why they’re important, plus simple ways to get more of them in your own diet. Gelatin and Collagen: Missing Pieces in the Modern Diet The story of gelatin actually starts with a protein called collagen. Collagen is the most important protein in connective tissue, skin, and bones; you actually have more collagen in your body than any other type of protein. Degradation or lack of collagen can cause problems from skin wrinkles to osteoporosis. In food, collagen is found mostly in the “odd bits” and tougher cuts of beef that contain a lot of connective tissue. You might recognize these as the parts of the animals that our ancestors ate, but we typically throw away today. Gelatin comes into this because people rarely eat skin and tendons raw; they cook them. And cooking the collagen transforms it into gelatin. Gelatin is the cooked form of collagen – it’s the way we can eat the beneficial amino acids in the collagen without having to sit down to a lovely plate of raw tendons for dinner. So far, so simple, but there’s one more distinction to make. Cooking collagen-rich foods extracts gelatin, but if more intensive processing can also create a slightly different product called collagen hydrolysate. Collagen Hydrolysate vs. Gelatin Collagen hydrolysate (which is the same thing as hydrolyzed collagen) is not exactly the same thing as gelatin. In the hydrolyzed form, the collagen is processed more intensively, which actually breaks up the proteins into smaller pieces. They both have the same amino acids, but different chemical properties. Gelatin Collagen hydrolysate Source Bones, skin, and scales of animals. Amino acid profile Exactly the same; collagen just has the proteins in smaller pieces. Dissolves in cold water? No; true gelatin dissolves only in hot water. Yes. Causes liquids to gel? Yes No The benefits of collagen are mostly from the amino acids, and you break down both gelatin and hydrolyzed collagen into the same amino acids in your digestive system anyway, so in terms of health benefits, hydrolyzed collagen and gelatin should be roughly equivalent. But on the other hand, some people with may find the hydrosylate easier to digest, and they do have culinary differences in terms of how you’ll use them. Health Benefits of Collagen and Gelatin Collagen is important for skin and bone health – supplements are sold for everything from wrinkles to osteoporosis. As well as supplying the important amino acids for collagen stores in your body, gelatin and hydrolyzed collagen also have gut-healing benefits that might be even more important from a health perspective. Because most of the health benefits of collagen/gelatin come from the amino acids, it’s likely that for most people, the benefits will be the same whether you’re getting hydrolyzed collagen or gelatin. This review goes over some of the evidence that supplemental collagen may help improve skin elasticity and reduce roughness and skin aging. There’s some evidence that hydrolyzed collagen supplements improve arthritis pain and generally benefit bone and joint health. Gelatin may help normalize gut hormones in people with obesity. Gelatin and collagen are both also great for your gut – they help heal intestinal permeability (“leaky gut”) and restore the normal mucosal layer in the gut. Gelatin specifically also has some great culinary uses – don’t discount the benefits of making healthy food tastier. For one thing, gelatin makes your pan sauces awesome. The food science nerds at Serious Eats have taken this one on: the reason why traditional stock makes a better pan sauce than broth in a can is that the traditional version has more gelatin. Sure, you could doctor up your store-bought broth with extra gelatin powder to re-create the effect, but why would you do that when you could just use the real thing? How to Get More Gelatin and Collagen in Your Life Nobody eats raw collagen – theoretically you could, but you’d have to sit around gnawing on raw animal tendons and bones. But you can add more gelatin and hydrolyzed collagen to your diet quite easily. For the Traditionalists: Gelatin from Animal Foods Homemade bone broth is an affordable and delicious source of gelatin. You can’t get hydrolyzed collagen from home cooking unless your kitchen contains an entire chemistry lab. But considering that they’re probably equivalent for most people, getting more gelatin is likely to give you the same results. Here’s how to get it: Bone broth is the original gelatin source. If it turns into chicken or beef Jell-O when you stick it in the fridge, then you know it’s full of gelatin (here are some tips for making that happen). Drink it plain or use it in soups. Roasts with lots of connective tissue (think chuck roast and similar cuts) will also produce meat and broth full of gelatin if you cook them long and slow, thanks to the breakdown of collagen in the meat. Non-Traditional but Tasty If you’re not insistent about getting your gelatin directly from the source, hydrolyzed collagen and gelatin powder are available at almost all grocery stores (typically in the baking aisle, next to the Jell-O or with the pie filling). Purified protein-in-a-can won’t have any of the other good stuff you get from meat and broth, but it’s certainly convenient and you can do all kinds of things with it… Gelatin: make your own gummy candies, puddings, or gelatin desserts. Gelatin: add it to sauces and soups to thicken them. Collagen: stir it into your coffee or tea, or even just a glass of water. Theoretically, you can do this with gelatin too, but most people find the texture of coffee + gelatin to be extremely off-putting. Either: add to smoothies. Some people like the gelatin texture in smoothies; other people would rather just use collagen. Summing it Up There’s an old piece of advice to “eat what ails you” – whatever part of your body is giving you trouble, eat that part of the animal and you’ll feel better. It doesn’t work in every case, and it’s not a terribly sound scientific principle, but in the case of gelatin and collagen, it pretty much holds true: eating gelatin derived from the skin and bones of animals can help your own skin and bone health. Gelatin and collagen also have impressive gut-healing benefits, and they’re very easy to get into your diet. Get more gelatin from bone broth or slow-cooked roasts, or just take a shortcut and buy them in pure form to add to whatever you like. It’s not difficult at all, and it’s one more way to get a little extra Paleo nutrition in.
2. Ever since i went to my first Cirque Du Soleil show I admired the Aerial Silk women who seemed to have it all: Strength, enormous amounts of flexibility, and courage! Being a former gymnast and diver, I found classes in my area but was always too scared to give it a try. I want to build muscle and feel confident! The classes i signed up for are next month and that will be perfect in time for when this challenge ends. I don't really know a good workout plan, so I'll tweak this as I go, please help me as I'm a n00b at lifting! Monday & Thursday Front Squat, Jumping Lunges, Plank Row & Dumbbell Row, Tricep Dips & Tricep Extention, Deadlifts & Back Extention Tuesday & Friday Chest Press & Fly, Shoulder Press & Upright Row, Bicep Curls & Arm Circles, Superman Push-ups and Plank Up-Downs 3 Sets of 10, with running half a mile in between sets I'm starting with usually 10 lb weight in each hand looking to build up 5 lbs every week. As far as my eating plan, I am slowly trying to become Vegan, for ethical and health reasons. My body seems to have the most energy when I get my protein from veggies, nuts and grains as opposed to meat. It's a pretty easy transition for me as my kitchen is already stocked with brown rice, lentils, veggies, fruits, lenguems, etc. but I'm just picking up a few books on veganism to help me out. Obviously this is very under construction. PLEASE HELP me make goals! I will also be posting pictures later. Thanks everyone! <3
3. She's crazy! But awesome. I don't understand how she has the body she has with what she eats...but hey it works for her. I am definitely interested in trying the raw before 4. She inspired me to eat more smoothies and not be scared of fruit sugar.
4. Lucky Brand has awesome suits where the bottoms are actually made for people with...bottoms..
5. I'll check out the New Rules of Lifting for Women. Thanks for critiquing the video, as I didn't know if it was really useful or not. However I've been doing it for a couple weeks now and already feel stronger, so who knows I've done MyFitnessPal for a while, but I find it really annoying... plus, I have friends who do yoga and eat 3,000 cals a day of raw vegan food and look amazing, lean and strong and people who eat the "right" amount for how much they exercise and it seems like too little. So I don't know how well MyFitnessPal really works for my plan. but i could try it as a guide.
6. I hate counting cals tho..it makes me think about food and obsess over it all day when it shouldn't be the biggest part of my day. thank you everyone for the positive feedback though!
7. hi everyone! its been quite a while since i've been on here. i am 21 years old, 5'3 and 130 pounds. i want to lose weight, but add muscle, so im not sure what weight i want to be. i want to fit in my highschool jeans, but i was oh so tiny! -i have a history of bullemia and self esteem issues the way i am doing this is Joanna's Workout Plan. (here is the video ---> ) it's basically 3 sets of 10 reps alternating days. i am going to try to do it every day. -i also eat pretty healthy, but have a problem with drinking beer and alcohol in general (being in college and everything) -i also have a sweet tooth that i want to get rid of. my meals usually consist of a green smoothie for breakfast and for lunch or a salad, with chicken or fish or some kind of dinner. i also eat chips with my hummus and salsa because i have yet to find a substitute for chips. any advice, friends, comments, would be appreciated! i want to start the six week challenge soon!
8. nuts have high carbs too? grrr...does anything not have high carb? aghh! Sorry I'm not completely positive of the answer to this question tho, I'm pretty sure you should not eat them every day of your life but I don't see how a couple every day could hurt.
9. hahah thanks everyone. I'm doing better. Instead of Paleo I've kinda switched to a more low-carb style diet which is helpful. I'm eating a lot of veggies and eggs and tofu. I'm doing well on my squats but not with running as I've been studying for my finals every day. Meditation is going okay too. I'm going one day at a time. Thanks to all the support again. I do appreciate my body, I still struggle with looking good and pretty enough constantly.
10. I'm really upset with myself today. I don't even want to log what I ate because I had a peppermint chocolate mocha, two cookies, AND an ice cream Obviously way too much sugar. I feel like a fat slob. I got a bad cold over break and I haven't ran or done squats or anything in like 2 weeks. Sometimes I really can't stand myself and I still hate my body.
11. our goals are similar. good luck my dear!
12. Thank you! The part this challenge that is the hardest for me is consuming less than 25 grams or lower. For instance I have a cold so I'm drinking some orange juice and it has 34 grams of sugar in it. WTF.
13. I read that boca burgers have hexane in them which causes cancer. Just lettin you know, google dat shiit
14. hello everyone! I mostly eat vegetarian (for instance i usually eat meat about 2-3 times a week). I love fruits and veggies but I'm having trouble with my sugar and carb intake. I've been having urges to eat bread even though I know how bad it is for you, and also fruits have so much sugar in them! I try to limit myself to less than 25 grams of sugar which is the recommended daily amount, but it's very hard for me to do A lot of natural healthy things have almost the entire daily recommended amount of sugar in it. How do I eat good vegetarian foods, feel satisfied, without sugar/carbs? I don't want to just eat veggies allllllll day.
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//==============================================================================================================
//Path.cpp
//by Albert Chen Sep-3-2015.
//==============================================================================================================
#include "Path.hpp"
//===========================================================================================================
///----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///constructors
Path::Path(Map* map, const IntVec2& startPosition, const IntVec2& goalPosition, const float& bestAvoidCost ) :
m_startPosition(startPosition),
m_goalPosition(goalPosition),
m_map(map),
m_isImpossible(false),
m_isComplete(false),
m_bestAvoidCost(bestAvoidCost)
{
m_id = currentPathID;
currentPathID++;
m_openList.clear();
m_closedList.clear();
// Tile* goalTile = NULL;
// goalTile = m_map->GetTileAtMapPosition(m_goalPosition);
// if (goalTile == NULL)
// m_isImpossible = true;
Tile* startTile = m_map->GetTileAtMapPosition((MapPosition)startPosition);
float distance = 0.0f;//GetAbsoluteDistanceSquaredBetweenMapPositions(startPosition, goalPosition);
float avoid = startTile->m_tileAvoidanceCost;//1.0f;
float parent = 0.0f;
float heuteristic = (float)GetManhattanDistanceBetweenMapPositions(startPosition, goalPosition);
heuteristic += heuteristic * m_bestAvoidCost;
PathNodeCost startNodeCost = PathNodeCost(parent, distance, avoid, heuteristic);
m_startNode = new PathNode(startPosition, startNodeCost, NULL);
//AddToOpenList(new PathNode(*m_startNode));
AddToOpenList(m_startNode);
m_initialized = true;
}
///----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///interaction
PathNode* Path::AddToOpenList(PathNode* nodeToAdd){
//I think I have to lock the open list for multithreading
//CRITICAL_SECTION_ENTER();
float nodeCost = nodeToAdd->GetFinalCost();
m_openList.insert(OpenListEntry(nodeCost, nodeToAdd));
//CRITICAL_SECTION_EXIT();
return nodeToAdd;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///queries
bool Path::IsPathNodeInOpenList(PathNode* nodeToAdd){
for (OpenListPathMapIterator it = m_openList.begin(); it != m_openList.end(); ++it){
PathNode& pathNode = (*it->second);
if (pathNode.m_position == nodeToAdd->m_position){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool Path::IsMapPositionInOpenList(const IntVec2& posToFind){
PROFILE_SECTION();
int i = 0;
for (OpenListPathMapIterator it = m_openList.begin(); it != m_openList.end(); ++it){
PathNode& pathNode = (*it->second);
i++;
if (pathNode.m_position == posToFind){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PathNode* Path::GetPathNodeAtMapPositionFromOpenList(const IntVec2& posToAdd){
PROFILE_SECTION();
for (OpenListPathMapIterator it = m_openList.begin(); it != m_openList.end(); ++it){
PathNode* pathNode = (it->second);
if (pathNode->m_position == posToAdd){
return (it->second);
}
}
return NULL;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool Path::IsMapPositionInClosedList(const IntVec2& posToFind){
PROFILE_SECTION(); //takes a bit longer than the others
//size_t size = m_closedList.size();
//int i = 0;
for (ClosedListIterator it = m_closedList.begin(); it != m_closedList.end(); ++it){
PathNode& closedListNode = (*it);
//i++;
if (closedListNode.m_position == posToFind){
return true;
}
// if (closedListNode.m_position != posToFind){
// //return true;
// continue;
// }
// else{
// return true;
// }
}
return false;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Path::SetPathFound(){
if (m_closedList.empty()){
return;
}
//m_pathFound.clear();
ClosedListIterator mypathIterator = m_closedList.end() - 1;
PathNode& myPathGoalNode = (*mypathIterator);
//start traversing from goal back to start
PathNode* traversalPathNode = &myPathGoalNode;
//traversalPathNode = traversalPathNode->m_parent;
if (traversalPathNode->m_parent != NULL){
m_pathFound.push_back(traversalPathNode->m_position);
traversalPathNode = traversalPathNode->m_parent;
}
//create path
while (traversalPathNode->m_parent != NULL){
m_pathFound.push_back(traversalPathNode->m_position); //crashes here when the program goes pretty dang fast! std::bad_alloc at memory location 0x06DCF89C.
//something somewhere is null
traversalPathNode = traversalPathNode->m_parent;
}//end of while
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
std::string Path::GetDebugString(){
std::string pathOverviewStr = "Calc Path from (" + m_startPosition.ToString() + ") to (";
pathOverviewStr += m_goalPosition.ToString() + ")\n";
int distA = (int)GetAbsoluteDistanceBetweenMapPositions(m_startPosition, m_goalPosition);
int distM = (int)GetManhattanDistanceBetweenMapPositions(m_startPosition, m_goalPosition);
std::string pathBasicDatStr = "Abs Dist to goal: " + IntToString(distA) + "| Manhat Dist to goal: ";
pathBasicDatStr += IntToString(distM) + "| \n";
std::string pathNodesDatStr = "open nodes: " + IntToString(m_openList.size());
pathNodesDatStr += "| closed nodes: " + IntToString(m_closedList.size());
if (m_isComplete)
pathNodesDatStr += "| nodes in found path: " + IntToString(m_pathFound.size()) + " |";
pathNodesDatStr += "\n";
pathNodesDatStr += "iterations: " + IntToString(m_iterations);
std::string fullPathDatStr = pathOverviewStr + pathBasicDatStr + pathNodesDatStr;
return fullPathDatStr;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///interaction
PathNode* Path::RemoveFromOpenList(PathNode* nodeToRemove){
//CRITICAL_SECTION_ENTER();
OpenListPathMapIterator openListIt;// = m_openList.begin();
for (openListIt = m_openList.begin(); openListIt != m_openList.end(); ++openListIt){
PathNode& pathNode = (*openListIt->second);
if (pathNode.m_position == nodeToRemove->m_position){
m_openList.erase(openListIt);
return nodeToRemove;
}
}//end of for
//CRITICAL_SECTION_EXIT();
return NULL;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PathNode* Path::PopLowestFCostInOpenList(){
OpenListPathMapIterator lowestFCostPathNode = m_openList.begin();
float lowestKeyVal = lowestFCostPathNode->first;
UNUSED(lowestKeyVal);
//std::pair<OpenListPathMapIterator, OpenListPathMapIterator> lowestRangeOfNodes;
//lowestRangeOfNodes = m_openList.equal_range(lowestKeyVal);
//PathNode* bestPathNode = NULL;
// for (OpenListPathMapIterator it = lowestRangeOfNodes.first; it != lowestRangeOfNodes.second; ++it){
//
// }
return RemoveFromOpenList(lowestFCostPathNode->second);
}
PathNode* Path::GetLowestFCostInOpenList(){
OpenListPathMapIterator lowestFCostPathNode = m_openList.begin();
return (lowestFCostPathNode->second);
}
//=========================================================================================================== | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/achen889/Warlockery_Engine/blob/master/Engine/Map/Pathfinding/Path.cpp', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '', 'title': 'Warlockery_Engine', 'creator': 'achen889', 'language': 'C++', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '554', 'token_count': '2238', '__index_level_0__': '14517', 'original_id': '52b1eb723aab9d78babab6597ed11decaf889b0c0ab8a345da7c9abec5a02b62'} |
3 Supplement Cold Prevention Hacks
When cold weather hits your area, many find themselves with the sniffles or even a cold. This can cause you to lose time at work and in the gym. While it’s possible to catch a cold any time of year, winter and spring seem to be the most common. Millions of adults in the United States suffer from colds each year. Some of them can even average 2-3 colds per year, unfortunately. To help prevent you from getting sick, here are three supplement cold prevention hacks you can implement to ward off this common illness.
1. Utilize probiotics
For many, this might be one of the most shocking supplement cold prevention hacks on this list. Many do not think of or even consider probiotics for their ability to fight off the common cold. Most associate probiotics with helping to keep the digestive tract healthy and to provide it with the good bacteria you need to maintain health.
However, probiotics can be helpful at preventing the common cold. When you utilize probiotics, you are providing your body with good bacteria that can help destroy and rid the body of bad bacteria that can do you harm. Additionally, if you haven’t read this article prior to catching a cold, by simply supplementing with probiotics even when you are sick can help to minimize the severity of your symptoms.
2. Vitamin C
What’s the one thing that everyone tells you to take when you’re sick or trying to prevent yourself from getting sick during the wicked cold season? Orange juice, right? They tell you to increase your vitamin C consumption in an effort to ward off viruses and help destroy any free radicals roaming around your body that you could have picked up. This vitamin has the ability to help enhance and boost your immune system which can help you stay healthy and not fall victim to the common cold. For this reason, it makes the list of top supplement cold prevention hacks.
Vitamin C comes in many forms including green leafy vegetables (such as kale which also has many helpful micronutrients to improve your health). It has been found that utilizing vitamin C can lower your risk of getting a cold by as much as 85%.
3. Pomegranates
Pomegranate extract makes the perfect supplement to help do battle against the nasties that can cause you to come down with a cold. It’s hard to keep this off our supplement cold prevention hacks due to their incredibly useful antioxidant contents (pomegranate polyphenols). Antioxidants have the ability to seek out and destroy free radicals as well as act as an anti-inflammatory to help prevent you from contracting a cold.
The research conducted using this superfruit has shown that the antioxidants from the fruit have the ability to help prevent various illnesses which include things like the common cold. Some people prefer to eat pomegranates, but it’s extremely easy and convenient to use a supplement extract.
Looking for an all-in-one supplement?
Evogen Nutrition created a product called Evogreens to be your one-stop shop for providing your body with various fruits and vegetables to help keep you healthy – all in an easy and convenient powder form. The formula also includes 2 billion CFU probiotics as well as 150mg Vitagranate (a powerful pomegranate extract) to boost immunity and help prevent you from getting sick. If you care about your health and want to steer clear of a cold this season, this is a must have!
COMING SOON! Evofusion: Premium Sustained Protein Matrix
Evogen Nutrition is excited to announce the release of Evofusion: a brand-new unparalleled premium sustained protein matrix from the mind of 19X Olympia winning coach and Evogen CEO/Founder, Hany “the Pro Creator” Rambod!
When you go to every extreme to create the most effective protein supplement in existence, you have to go to equal extremes when developing the flavor. Simply put, the better it tastes, the more you will use it. The superior flavor technology behind this premium transparent blend formula ensures that you will look forward to drinking Evofusion every time. Are you ready for the ultimate taste experience? All in all, Evogen Nutrition is redefining the standards when it comes to an incredible tasting premium protein blend. Try Evofusion, you’ll see and taste the difference!
To stay informed on the imminent release click here.
HIIT Cardio Basics
If you are the type of person who spends hours on the treadmill and sees no results from your hard work, it’s time to change up your way of thinking when it comes to fat burning. The days of low-intensity steady-state (LISS) cardio are gone. Enter the new world of HITT cardio. HIIT cardio has been booming for the past several years and isn’t going anywhere thanks to the benefits you can achieve from this brief, yet extremely intense form of cardio.
Those who utilize HIIT cardio have found they can improve their endurance, enhance their fat-burning, increase glucose metabolism, and can even build strength. What’s even better is that many are utilizing this powerful form of cardio to drop unwanted weight while at the same time maintaining their hard-earned lean muscle mass.
How does HIIT cardio work?
I wish we could make it seem more complicated than it really is, but the fact of the matter is, HIIT cardio is a very simple and basic form of cardio. The effectiveness comes in the intensity, not the actual form of cardio itself. A single HIIT cardio session can be done in as little as 15-30 minutes. Let me explain all of the particulars.
As with any workout, you are going to want to warm up properly. This can be as simple as walking for five minutes to get the blood pumping and muscles ready for work. Following your warm-up is where things start to take form and the intensity is kicked up a notch – ok, many notches. HIIT cardio uses periods of intense 100% max-effort workloads followed by low-intensity recovery periods. If you were to graph the workload, you would see nothing but a bunch of peaks and valleys on the graph paper.
HIIT cardio workouts can be completed both indoors as well as outdoors. Personally, I find enjoyment in the great outdoors versus being confined to a gym or home treadmill – but to each his or her own as your mileage may vary.
Each HIIT cardio round will be as follows:
• 30-second max-effort period
• 60-second low-effort recovery period
Each “round” will yield you a total of 90 seconds. 10 total rounds would give you a 15-minute workout (not counting warm-up/cool-down) and doubling that if you did the math will give you a 30-minute workout.
What would a HIIT cardio workout look like?
Assuming you’ve already finished a warm-up, you will start things off with an all-out 30-second sprint which will immediately be followed by a 60-second walk as a recovery period. If you don’t like to or can’t sprint, you can do a max effort on something like an upright bicycle, an elliptical, a rower, a jump rope, or even an Airdyne bike. Following this method will have you start your intense bout and has you end with the same high-intensity for your last bout before you start your cool-down. As mentioned above, decide how many rounds you wish to complete to achieve your 15-30 minute cardio workout.
I know there will be people who like to come up with excuses and say they don’t have a gym membership and it’s cold/rainy outside so they can’t fit in their HIIT cardio session for the day. Well, guess what? You can even use indoor activities such as jumping jacks, running in place, burpees, mountain climbers, and similar movements to fulfill your cardio requirements. Use your imagination and if achieving your goals is a priority to you, you’ll skip the excuses and get in your HIIT cardio sessions.
5 On the Go Meal Prep Tips to Save Time
When it comes to achieving your health and fitness goals, one area you can’t neglect is your nutrition. One specific part of nutrition that has been focused on heavily lately is meal prep – and no, it’s not just for competitors. To put you in the best position to see the progress you demand, I have come up with five on the go meal prep tips that you can utilize to save time and move you closer to your goals.
1. Clear Tupperware is a must
Have you ever been in search for something in the refrigerator but you can’t remember the container you put it in? If you live a busy life, you don’t have time to be pulling out every container and looking inside. For that reason, you need to invest in some clear Tupperware containers. They can be plastic or glass (your choice) but they need to be 100% clear. Take the guesswork out of your on the goal meal prep and know exactly what is in front of you each time you open the refrigerator door.
1. Cut everything up prior to storing
Your active lifestyle doesn’t allow you the luxury of downtime. For that reason, you can’t be fumbling around in the kitchen every morning getting your meals ready for the day. Therefore, you want to cut up all of your ingredients prior to storing them. This is one of the best on the go meal prep tips to save time. For example, if you have chicken and asparagus for one meal, cut everything up prior to storing it in the clear Tupperware container. This will not only save you time in the morning but also save you from needing to carry a knife around with you just in order to eat your healthy meal on the go.
1. Have a cooler you can travel with
I’m not going to name drop brands here, you can easily do a Google search for meal prep bags and coolers. Some might not think they are worth the money but, in my opinion, they are worth every penny if you plan on using it every day. Most come with slots to put each of your meals (they range from 2-7 meals depending on the brand and size of the bag/cooler), a place to put your frozen ice packs, an area for silverware, space for supplements (such as vitamins or whatever else you use), among other useful pockets and compartments. If you invest in a good bag you can use it for many years.
1. Prep full meals in advance for grab and go convenience
One of the best on the go meal prep tips to save time that I can recommend to you is to prep full meals in each clear Tupperware container. When you are running late, the last thing you need to worry about is measuring out your ingredients and putting them in individual Tupperware containers. Do it in advance so you don’t need to worry about it later. Wake up, grab your cooler/bag, toss in your meals, and out the door you go without a hiccup.
1. Spice things up a bit
Just because you are constantly consuming pretty much the same foods doesn’t mean they have to be boring. A meal prep tip that I recommend all the time is to use spices whenever possible and to change them up often. If you like things spicy, use spices that add some heat to your meals. If you want to flavor your chicken, add some seasonings to it. There are many zero-calorie or low-calorie choices available at the grocery store. The key is to find ones that you enjoy and keep them on hand at all times to provide you with a good mix and variety to choose from to be used on your chicken, fish, steak, vegetables, or whatever else you decide to add flavor to.
Water Intake and Fat Loss. Why is it Important?
When it comes to fat loss, many people look to reduce calories and exercise more. While this is a great idea, one area that many people fail to fully grasp is their water intake. It should come as no surprise that we all need water in order to live and function. But research has found that water intake could actually help you with your weight loss and fat loss goals.
In this article, I want to lay out some of the research surrounding water intake as it pertains to fat loss. I think the information provided will open the eyes of many and help them realize that through their water intake specifically, they have the ability to improve their weight management results.
2 Major Benefits of Water Intake for Fat Loss
There are two major benefits of water intake for fat loss that some people understand, yet many are missing the boat on. By simply increasing water intake, you have the ability to put yourself in a better position to lose weight and increase your fat loss potential. You can consider the water intake benefits below as simple fat loss hacks that don’t require much effort at all on your part.
1. Reduce appetite
One thing that not many people realize is that the sensation of hunger can be subsided by simply drinking water. If you are hungry, try drinking a glass of water and then waiting for around 15 minutes. If you find after 15 minutes you are still hungry, then go ahead and have one of your meals. Water itself can crush hunger pangs throughout the day and reduce your overall appetite.
In fact, if you drink water before a meal, it has been shown to increase weight loss over the course of several weeks. By, in a sense, pre-filling your stomach prior to sitting down for a meal, your stomach already has something in it so the sensation to eat more during a meal is reduced which can help prevent over-eating.
1. Burn more calories
When you drink (cold) water, you are actually helping to increase your resting energy expenditure. What this means is that your body has the ability to burn more calories even while at rest. The amazing part about this is that the effects of raising resting energy expenditure anywhere between 24-30% can take place in as little as 10 minutes after drinking cold water and can last over 60 minutes.
Making the Switch to Water
American’s love their sugary beverages – which is part of the reason for the obesity epidemic we face in thiscountry. Water is a calorie-free option that many should be making the switch to. Not only will increasing water intake save money in the long-term rather than purchasing sugary beverages, but it will also save waistlines as well due to consuming fewer overall calories from liquids.
For the longest time, the recommendation for water intake was drinking eight 8-ounce glasses of water each day. Unfortunately, this has been found to simply not be accurate for everyone. Some people can get away with as little as four while others need more than eight. Drinking 1-2 liters of water per day, however, can help you with your fat loss efforts.
What I would recommend is drinking a glass of water before all of your meals. Not only will it help you stay properly hydrated, but it will help keep you full, satiated, and aid in weight management.
It should be noted that those who exercise regularly and sweat will need a higher overall water intake when compared to those who are sedentary simply due to the amount of water that was lost through sweat during workouts that needs to be replenished. Make sure you not only drink water throughout your workouts but also following.
What is Calcium?
When people think of calcium, the first thing that generally pops into their head is its ability to aid in strengthen bones. They think about grocery items such as milk, cheese, and yogurt, and don’t give much thought to the supplementation aspect of calcium. While all of this is accurate, there are actually more benefits that not many people are aware of that can help you reach your health and fitness goals. For that reason, it’s important to take a deeper dive into this useful ingredient.
Why should you consider calcium?
First and foremost, the most common benefit we think of in regards to calcium is its ability to help prevent osteoporosis, increase bone density, and improve overall bone health and strength. Strong bones provide stability and a solid foundation for all of our everyday movements – including exercise.
Calcium not only can improve the health of your bones, but when you supplement with this ingredient it can help release certain hormones (such as insulin) in the body, send nerve signals from the muscle to the brain (to aid in muscle contractions), and regulate vasoconstriction and dilation of blood vessels.
Those who don’t consume a diet high in calcium should definitely consider adding a calcium supplement to their regimen. But, even those who take in calcium from their diet can still benefit from adding it to their daily supplementation. In fact, if you are looking to manage your body fat levels and improve your weight, taking a calcium supplement can help. Additionally, calcium has the ability to improve glucose metabolism and lipid concentrations.
Due to the stress put on the body from intense bouts of exercise, we tend to create stress (such as free radical damage) at the cellular level that can go undetected until it creates a larger problem (like illness or disease). Supplementing with calcium can help combat oxidative stress while decreasing inflammation that can cause health issues. Additionally, and something that should be of interest, is that supplementing with calcium can also aid in enhancing lean muscle mass.
Another way to help improve your ability to put on lean muscle is by getting the proper amount of sleep – specifically REM sleep. Your body rebuilds and repairs torn down muscle fibers while you rest. The better quality the rest, the better the opportunity the body has to build muscle through hypertrophy (a solid nutrition plan is also necessary).
Calcium is a natural sleep aid and plays a role in sleep cycles. When an individual is deficient in calcium, they can find themselves having issues sleeping – both in duration and quality. When calcium is present, it allows the brain to utilize tryptophan (an amino acid) which can then produce melatonin naturally (versus through a melatonin supplement which can cause a hangover effect the following day) to promote sleep. By optimizing calcium levels, you can fall asleep easier and stay asleep for longer – giving you a better quality night’s sleep while allowing your body to properly recover from grueling training sessions.
What is Glucevia?
In an effort to put on quality size, it’s important to ensure you are in a caloric surplus at the end of the day. Doing so, however, can become a double-edged sword if you aren’t careful. When increasing your caloric intake, many can find themselves gaining weight, only to have their body fat checked and be told it’s increased. You’re not interested in gaining fat mass, you want hard, lean muscle mass.
If you are a hard-gainer, you have probably experienced firsthand just how difficult it is to add muscle to your frame by taking in enough calories. It seems like whatever you take in disappears before heading to the muscles to help rebuild torn down muscle fibers and make them bigger. But then in the next breath, when you consume too much, you need to worry about adding sloppy mass to your build by starting to store fat.
To put on the size gains you demand, increasing your carbohydrates becomes necessary. The one thing we all need to remember is that carbs are not the enemy when it comes to weight gain. We need to stop demonizing carbs. They are an essential macronutrient to help you successfully bulk. In order to do this properly, you need to manage your blood glucose levels – which is the one thing carbohydrates tend to increase.
A Better Way to Manage Carbohydrates
One ingredient that can help you along the way is Glucevia™. Glucevia is able to effectively control blood glucose levels – essentially helping to prevent you from storing meals containing carbohydrates as fat. What you want to happen is rather than storing carbohydrates as fat, you need your body to break down the carbohydrates consumed and then shuttle them to the working muscles to be absorbed and utilized. In the end, the goal is to have the foods you consume work for you and help you towards your bulking goals versus against you by trying to store it.
Glucevia has the ability to improve glucose tolerance and cause a reduction of long-term insulin resistance in healthy individuals. When it comes to naturally managing your blood glucose levels without the need for prescription medications (assuming you’re not currently diabetic), Glucevia can help prevent spikes in insulin as well as potentially preventing fatty liver disease and can actually improve the health of the liver over time. This improvement in insulin sensitivity and glucose management can help you achieve maximum muscle volume following meals – giving you a nice full, pumped up look throughout your day.
Supplementing with Glucevia has been found to be safe and effective in reducing blood glucose by acting on the rate at which the absorption of glucose takes place into the muscle cells as well as the liver. There have been no adverse side effects found through supplementing with Glucevia and adding it to a well-balanced diet. What’s even better is the fact that when starting Glucevia, results can be had from the very first dose. No loading, no mega-dosing, just results from the very beginning.
What is Theanine?
Do you have a hard time relaxing? You’re not alone. Many people find themselves stressed, anxious, unable to maintain focus, and at the end of a long day get the quality sleep they need to maintain optimal health, performance, and recovery. Supplementing with Theanine could be the answer to their concerns.
Why should you consider using Theanine?
We all suffer from forms of stress throughout our day. Some individuals are better able to mitigate and reduce that stress, while others not so much. Supplementing with Theanine can help reduce anxiety and stress that many feel and suffer from. The good news is that Theanine can do this without making you feel tired or drowsy while also helping you feel more relaxed.
Theanine is a nonessential amino acid that is commonly found in various teas such as black and green as well as mushrooms (such as the bay bolete mushroom). Many people utilize these types of teas to help them cope with daily stress, while others look for a pill or supplement form. The main job of Theanine in the body is to release neurotransmitters (GABA) and support nerve impulses in the brain.
While you can utilize tea for health and performance benefits, some cannot handle the natural caffeine content found in those beverages. It can cause jitters as well as an increase in the individual’s blood pressure. Utilizing the power of Theanine can give you the same benefits that are found in tea but without any change to blood pressure levels.
To go along with a reduction in stress and anxiety, Theanine has been found to help improve quality of sleep – regardless if you need help falling asleep or not. Additionally, Theanine can help reduce the number of times an individual wakes up each night. Sleep is incredibly important to allow your body to rest and recovery from daily stress as well as the stress and demand you put it through in the gym. Without the proper amount of rest, your body will not be able to fully recover and rebuild torn down muscle fibers from workouts. This can hinder your ability to add quality size to your frame.
If you are looking to improve mental focus and alertness, supplementing with Theanine can help by increasing dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain. When we are faced with multiple tasks needing our attention, it can be difficult to focus on just one thing. Theanine has also been shown to improve attention span to help keep you dialed in when you need it most. Theanine provides users with a plethora of benefits when it comes to cognition. One study has even shown that supplementing with Theanine has the capability of improving memory. The ability to calm and improve focus and memory can be extremely powerful for not only the working professional, but athletes alike.
Supplementing with Theanine can also help improve immunity and help prevent various illnesses. This can be especially helpful when the seasons change and the temperature drops, bringing along the cold and flu season. While it hasn’t been shown to 100% prevent individuals from getting sick, it has been shown to decrease the overall risk.
What is GABA?
We live insanely busy lives. We run from one place to the next, one meeting after another, make time to fit in a workout, focus on our nutrition, spend time with the family, and then with all the stress that the day brings we’re supposed to get a good night’s sleep. Well, that’s not always going to play out in our favor – or will it? GABA is a supplement that many use when looking to decompress a little, take the edge off, and get some quality sleep. Sleep is 100% necessary for proper recovery – both mentally and physically. But, the benefits of GABA don’t stop there.
Why should you consider using GABA?
For starters, let’s get to know and understand GABA a little bit. GABA stands for gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is a neurotransmitter that sends signals and messages between your nervous system and your brain. Its claim to fame is reducing nerve cell activity which can help provide a calming effect to the individual. This can help benefit the individual when it comes to relaxation as well as as a sleep aid at night.
In an industry where pre-workouts and stimulants rule, many people find themselves unable to come down off their adrenaline rush to catch some z’s. The good news is that GABA supplementation has been found to help improve your quality of sleep, even if you are still feeling the effects of caffeine from a stimulant you used earlier. It can also do this without you waking up the next morning with what many consider a “hangover feeling” from taking other supplements or prescription medications to treat insomnia.
The benefits of GABA aren’t just for those looking for a better night’s sleep. Many of us need to perform (mentally) at a high level at work or during an athletic competition and it has been shown that through supplementing with GABA, you can actually increase cognitive performance – providing you with what could be a considerable edge over those around you.
When combining mental focus with strength training, you have the ability to put on quality lean muscle mass. In an effort to further enhance your muscle-building potential, researchers have found that by supplementing with GABA and combining it with a resistance training program, individual’s were able to increase growth hormone (GH) levels by as much as 400%.
Those who exercise regularly could, unfortunately, find themselves suffering from inflammation in their joints – possibly due to overuse. This inflammation can cause pain and decrease the individual’s ability to perform or even move without discomfort (minor or severe). Supplementing with GABA has shown that this ingredient has the ability to reduce joint inflammation, allowing you to get relief from any inflammation that could have been affecting you negatively.
To go along with the mental cognition benefits of this supplement, GABA can naturally reduce stress, anxiety, and fear. This is great news for those who need to stay focused and perform at a high level – regardless if it’s in the boardroom, playing field, or in the gym.
What is Glycine?
Did you know that your body contains high concentrations of glycine? It’s true. In fact, glycine is needed in order for your body and brain to function properly. What is glycine? Glycine is a non-essential amino acid that can be found in various areas of the body such as your skin, muscle, and joints. It plays a vital role in cognitive, muscular, and metabolic functioning. Glycine is added to many supplements on the market due to the fact that it helps transport nutrients throughout the body – which is important when trying to add muscle mass to your frame.
Why should you consider using glycine?
There are a plethora of reasons why glycine is beneficial to helping you achieve your health and fitness goals. For starters, if you’re reading this, you’re probably interested in building quality lean muscle mass. If so, glycine can help with muscle growth. When supplementing with glycine, you help boost overall muscle recovery as well as helping to retain your lean muscle mass as well as reduce inflammation that can occur in the body. Glycine also has the ability to improve your energy levels naturally throughout the day without the need for stimulants. Another area that glycine shines when it comes to muscle growth is that is can help with hormone production and regulation which can aid in dropping body fat while increasing lean muscle mass.
Due to the fact that you exercise intensely and put your body through extreme amounts of stress when weight training, your joints can very easily get banged up through overuse and being overstressed. For that reason, supplementing with glycine should be on your radar. Glycine has the ability to improve the health and function of your joints to keep them strong and flexible as well as repair any damages caused to the joint itself. Healthy joints allow you to perform at a high level while in the gym and when training.
For many of us, not only are we exercising regularly to maintain our health and improve our physique, but we can’t forget about Father Time. It’s inevitable that we all are aging – some of us faster than others. But many individuals never knew the power glycine has on helping to slow the aging process. Free radicals and oxidative stress can wreak havoc on our body (at the cellular level), yet when you supplement with glycine, it helps form glutathione (an extremely powerful antioxidant) that can then go in search for free radicals and destroy them before they can do harm. By minimizing oxidative stress on the body, you are able to reduce free radical damage that can speed up the aging process.
The last piece of the equation when we talk about muscle growth is rest and recovery. If you aren’t getting enough sleep, you are limiting your true muscle building potential. For that reason, supplementing with glycine can help you relax to improve your overall sleep quality which improves your REM sleep and allow you to get the proper amount of rest that your body demands. Remember, your body makes change when you rest, not while you are in the gym. Proper rest is vital to your muscle building success.
While building quality muscle is a priority for many of us, let’s not forget about managing weight and body fat. Glycine has you covered on that front as well. When you supplement with glycine, it increases adiponectin (a protein hormone that aids in fat metabolism as well as managing blood glucose levels) which can help enhance weight loss and fat reduction. The combination of muscle growth potential and weight management capabilities make glycine one tremendously powerful amino acid to add to your regimen.
What is Tryptophan?
While many associate tryptophan with helping you get some sleep, there’s more to this amazing essential amino acid (EAA) than just that which we will get into. Tryptophan is not produced by the body, yet serves as a precursor to 5-HTP, serotonin, and melatonin. You can, however, find tryptophan naturally in foods we consume such as cheese, chicken, milk, peanuts, turkey, bananas, oats, chocolate, and more. However, to get efficacious dosages, a supplement should be considered.
When you are putting in the time in the gym and nailing your nutrition, you expect to see results. Yet, when you aren’t getting enough rest, you aren’t able to properly recover to allow your body to make the necessary changes to your physique. One thing to remember is that our body does not make change while we are exercising, but rather, it takes place when we rest and recover properly.
Why should you consider tryptophan?
We all live hectic lives – constantly on the go, constantly trying to squeeze out every last second in our day. Yet, when it’s time to unwind and get some rest, many find it difficult to shut down and fall asleep. Many will turn to prescriptions when in reality, their sleeplessness can be managed through natural supplementation.
Supplementing with tryptophan has been found to reduce the amount of time it takes individuals to fall asleep. This includes helping those who suffer from insomnia. In fact, tryptophan can help increase deep sleep and allow you to wake up feeling refreshed and energized. This can help you stay productive all day long regardless if it’s in the office, at school, or in the gym.
By increasing melatonin naturally through the supplementation of tryptophan, you have yourself a powerhouse that can improve the metabolism of nutrients you consume in your meals as well as the capability to boost your immunity. When you are better able to break down food into a usable form, and then shuttle those nutrients out to the body, you give yourself the best opportunity to improve your recovery and allowing the muscle fibers to grow back bigger and stronger. Additionally, the better your immune system, the healthier you are, the less you get sick, the harder you can train, and the faster you can see results from your training.
If you look at some of the research regarding tryptophan and weight loss, it has been shown that supplementing with this particular amino acid has the ability to help individuals consume anywhere from 19-20% fewer calories per meal by reducing your appetite.
When it comes to physical performance, the research is quite astounding. It has been shown that supplementing with tryptophan can actually improve pain tolerance and allow an individual to push themselves harder (such as in the gym training) than without tryptophan. Also, one study showed that when athletes were given a tryptophan supplement, their total exercise time was 49% greater than when without. From a muscle building perspective, supplementing with tryptophan has been shown to increase certain hormones in the body such as growth hormone and prolactin.
Having low tryptophan levels can lead to many mood disorders that can be detrimental to not only your success from training, but also your life. When tryptophan levels are normalized, many find they are less anxious, less depressed, have a reduction in nervousness, feel less tension, and feel less aggressive.
Another reason to consider tryptophan is for the mental performance benefits. Those who had lower levels showed a decline in memory over the long-term, yet when the levels were elevated, memory was enhanced as well as overall cognition and learning.
When you factor in all of the benefits from supplementing with tryptophan, you prep yourself for success by putting the building blocks in place to improve your mood, sleep, mental performance, and well-being. The easier you can unwind, relax, and get good quality sleep, the better off you are in allowing the recovery process to take place and help allow your body to make the physical changes needed to see the health and fitness results you desire.
COMING SOON! Carnigen Naturals in Pink Grapefruit
At Evogen Nutrition, we don’t think it’s fair that so many supplement products on the market sacrifice flavor quality when they switch to natural ingredients. The Evogen Naturals line was created as a solution to this issue, to provide consumers with an alternative to mainstream supplements that utilize synthetic or artificial ingredients, colors or sweeteners, while maintaining the flavor quality you’ve come to expect from Evogen products.
We’re excited to announce that Carnigen Naturals in Pink Grapefruit flavor will now be joining the Evogen Naturals line of supplements. Carnigen Naturals features all-natural ingredients, excluding any artificial colors, flavors, etc., and will be released to the public in early October.
Carnigen is our original stimulant-free, ultra-premium and potent carnitine formulation technology. It’s the perfect fat-loss solution before cardio or training, so add some Carnigen Naturals to your morning routine to help convert fat to energy!
If you’re going to wake up at 5 a.m. for fasted cardio, you should make it count with Carnigen! To learn more about Carnigen Naturals, check out the product page. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '19', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.946513533592224}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '175551', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TMCUEGKYY22ULTGWDI42GO4PAQKLK7BT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2784c3d7-0b03-4d48-8eea-62fe5a74c3fa>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 25, 10, 18, 37), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.196.161.80', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:5A5ELNRJHDS4VLUUTLLOLUMB7GZO3NBM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:52ea1231-f052-4f0f-901c-e9f26a759be8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.evogennutrition.com/category/product-info/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8338f4d8-fd72-4304-8bf0-d69e99c3dde0>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '6103', 'url': 'https://www.evogennutrition.com/category/product-info/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-141-45-27.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.042230844497680664', 'original_id': 'f4ff6df3b953fddad748faa114666091160a3cb9d81730d15fc682e205d89ded'} |
\section{Combination Theorem for Limits of Functions/Complex/Product Rule}
Tags: Combination Theorems for Limits of Functions
\begin{theorem}
Let $\C$ denote the complex numbers.
Let $f$ and $g$ be complex functions defined on an open subset $S \subseteq \C$, except possibly at the point $c \in S$.
Let $f$ and $g$ tend to the following limits:
:$\ds \lim_{z \mathop \to c} \map f z = l$
:$\ds \lim_{z \mathop \to c} \map g z = m$
Then:
:$\ds \lim_{z \mathop \to c} \ \paren {\map f z \map g z} = l m$
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $\sequence {z_n}$ be a sequence of elements of $S$ such that:
:$\forall n \in \N: z_n \ne c$
:$\ds \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} z_n = c$
By Limit of Complex Function by Convergent Sequences:
:$\ds \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \map f {z_n} = l$
:$\ds \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \map g {z_n} = m$
By the Product Rule for Complex Sequences:
:$\ds \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \paren {\map f {z_n} \map g {z_n} } = l m$
Applying Limit of Complex Function by Convergent Sequences again, we get:
:$\ds \lim_{z \mathop \to c} \paren {\map f z \map g z} = l m$
{{qed}}
Category:Combination Theorems for Limits of Functions
\end{proof}
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WWJD? - Not Exclude Women in the Church - or Anyone Else
Fleshing Out …
Part 3
Sanctification of Erroneous Beliefs
One of the most formidable means for perpetuating any “big lie” is to grant it sacred status. After all, who can question that which is “holy”? This argument is designed to halt any questioning or probing. Such means of applying this strategy include the following examples:
Asserting that the writers of books of the Bible were “inspired by God” as justification for androcentric or misogynous interpretations of various “proof texts” [The fallacies of this tactic are that “none is perfect, no not one” (Rom. 3:10), “For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.” (Rom. 3:23) Even the most righteous and spiritually sincere person is never without possibility of error. The Bible book writers may have been such and indeed inspired by God, yet, like all of us, they themselves were not above human error. The test is clear: Any assertion of truth must be placed along the divine measuring stick—the direct teachings of Christ. If any assertion cannot be found or supported in the direct words or actions of Christ as recorded in the four Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, then truth is lacking or questionable at best. The fallacy here is that being inspired by God, Who is perfect, does not confer unaffected perfection on the imperfect human being.
It is according to God’s plan. Again, the test: Is it found in or supported by the direct teachings of Christ?
One of the Church Fathers said it, so it must be true. Yet again, the test: Is it found in or supported by the direct teachings of Christ? The quotes of the Church Fathers cited above say enough.
The greatest harm of all this pervasive egotistical anti-woman theology that Christ never taught, by neither His words nor His life, is that it has not been relegated to the past-that it and its detrimental effects persist even today. The blind continue to follow the blind. The damage continues in various degrees in various places.
Androcentric Language
Similar definitions of androcentrism and androcentric include the following representative and illustrative examples:
androcentric: “dominated by or emphasizing masculine interests or a masculine point of view.” The Merriam–Webster Dictionary
The language venue itself is not self-confined. The gender bias of language is so formidable, because it is a major vehicle that chronically carries forward the destructive and tenacious belief system expressed by the Christian Church Fathers cited above and that has severely harmed half of the human population for millennia. Words spoken by so many every day, year in and year out, bolster and prolong the life of those beliefs even beyond general acceptance of many of them. At that point their acceptance is promoted subtly by the ways they are incorporated into speech, when a direct statement of them might be awkward at best and rejection immediately elicited at the other end of the spectrum.
Androcentric Language
More concretely, nouns, pronouns and sometimes adjectives are used consistently in a way that implies, sometimes overtly, sometimes almost imperceptibly, the false ancient belief that maleness is inherently, necessarily and even desirably (by everyone) the superior standard – the “sun” around which all of the planets of the solar system revolve. This egocentric assumption has as well been touted (by male supremacists) as good and even by divine plan. Christ, however, taught to:
If we apply the test that Christ gave us, we will find the following fruits of androcentrism socially and linguistically. Even a sweeping look at human history reveals an unending pounding of hubris (excessive pride and arrogance), hatred, abuse from the verbal to extreme physical and emotional tortures, violence and even brutal murder. The witch burnings of the Middle Ages are one among many examples brought to mind. With the teachings of Christ as the measuring stick, such fruits of androcentrism and misogyny speak for themselves. The difficult task is to break through them with the humility, compassion and unselfishness to open the eyes, ears, minds and hearts of people so that they can comprehend and move to correct the source of these rotten fruits. The supreme test from Christ's teachings is, "Does it pass the Golden rule test?"
Most prominently we encounter the use of nouns and pronouns that perpetuate a skewed view of gender by omission (failure to acknowledge), minimizing (present as less worthy of note or consideration) or outright denigration of females or overly emphasizing the supposed superiority or inherent importance of males or maleness. A few illustrative examples will suffice:
Nouns and Pronouns
The use of “men” supposedly to refer to all human beings
In languages such as Greek, using terms with masculine endings to refer to everyone (e.g. the words for “deacon”, ecclesiastical “reader", “apostle,”), all titles of which historically have been held by women, or in English, “firemen,” “policemen,” or “man-to-man” play or defenses in women’s athletic games
Assumption of maleness: The use of “he” or “him” to refer to people or animals whose gender is unknown or when it is irrelevant
The lack in the English language of a pronoun to refer to a person or animal whose gender is unknown or irrelevant
Studies have solidly disproved the assertion by misogynists that such nouns and pronouns are “generic” and includes both males and females. Studies have shown conclusively that it is not so. Consider the following two examples:
1. “Androcentric Coding of Man and His in Memory by Language Users,” a study by Sik Hung Ng at the University of Otago in New Zealand
"Existent research, mostly carried out among North American college students has shown that male words (man, he, his) intended to refer grammatically to both sexes (i.e., generically) are in fact androcentric in various ways. Using a 'proactive inhibition' procedure, we tested for androcentrism in the memory code of man and his by language users who were sampled randomly from a New Zealand school population between 11 and 17 years of age (n = 408). It was found that the words man and his were coded in memory primarily as members of the masculine linguistic category, and that they were quite alien to the femininelinguistic category. The results provide a linguistic - cognitive link for understanding androcentrism in these words.”
Source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002210319090069X
2. “Generic Pronouns and Sexist Language: The Oxymoronic Character of Masculine Generics” A study by John Gastil, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Sex Roles, Vol. 23, Nos. 11/12, 1990.
“The following study reexamines the question raised by Cole et al. Specifically, I provide evidence for the hypothesis that the generic he elicits more images of males than he~she and they. Before presenting this evidence, however, I locate the issue this study addresses in the larger debate surrounding the use of the generic he. A substantial body of research supports the hypothesis that the generic he possesses a male bias. Regarding the origin of the term, Bodine (1975) found that the generic use of he derived from the androcentric worldview prevailing among 18th-century grammarians: 'human beings were to be considered male unless proven otherwise' (p. 133). One would expect such a view in a patriarchal society that, until recently, has afforded women only a minor role in shaping the English language (Kramarae, 1981).” (p. 630) Source: click here
Adjectives also add their own fuel to the fire:
The use of “masculine” to mean or imply positive traits, such as courage, strength, logic, leadership ability, level-headedness, intelligence, etc., while using “feminine” to refer to their negative counterparts—in essence, stereotyping, perpetuates a misogynous language and belief system. Such terms as the following do so by also linguistically demeaning women:
“Women’s work"
“Working mother”
“Family man”
“Career woman”
“unmanned rocket”.
Man up
Man the booth
The issue of parallel language: Using equal gender counterparts:
An important means of avoiding language that treats one gender less accurately and respectfully (i.e. equally) is awareness of parallel terms. Understanding gender counterpart terms is essential. Some examples include the following examples:
Male Female
king queen
horseman horsewoman
spokesman spokeswoman
In these above examples the terms are equal in respect and authority; however, it is very important to be aware of some gender counterpart terms that are not. Consider the following:
Male Female
master mistress
Panthers (school athletic team name) Lady Panthers
bachelor bachelorette
Although the above pairs are gender counterparts, their connotations are not equal. In the first pair, the term “mistress” can mean a woman in charge of something; however, it can have a very unflattering sexual connotation. In the second pair the practice of referring to girls’ or women’s school athletic teams as “Lady” __(mascot)___ implies less competitiveness and athletic prowess of school female teams. It can be said that it takes a lot of the “fight” and therefore respect out of them in the eyes of school athletic fans. Further, the use of “lady” with occupational descriptions (such as “lady doctor” or “women engineer”) diminishes and singles out the person unnecessarily; it is a profession, not a gender. The problem with the third example pair is that the suffix -ette means “diminutive” or small”—in other words, “less than.” Whenever it is added onto a male term to indicate a female of that category, it defines the female as “less.”
Whenever gender counterpart terms are used, it is essential that their meanings and connotations be equal. A very effective and accurate way to avoid problems with many gender counterpart terms is, when possible, to use a truly generic term, such as driver, police officer, pilot, senator or representative (rather than “congressman” or “congresswoman”). The two important questions that determine whether or not it is necessary to single out a person by gender are:
1. In that particular instance, does denoting gender matter?
2. Is the person’s gender unknown?
(If the answer is “no” to these questions, you should not employ an assumption of maleness and defer to a male term. If a pronoun is needed, then it is best to use “he or she,” “she or he,” or the plural form “they,” which is acceptable in this case in the absence of a non-gendered pronoun for a human being in the English language.)
Gendered expressions without a gender counterpart: Note such everyday expressions as “Oh, boy!” or “Oh, man!” or “Man!” or “Oh, brother!” They do not have feminine counterparts, such as “Oh, girl!” “Oh, woman!” or “Woman!” or “Oh, sister!” This pattern with an absence of counterparts is the strength of androcentrism. A very viable alternative is a non-gendered expression like “Oh, wow!” It is all about not lending support to a heavily biased linguistic convention.
Awareness and knowledge of androcentric language, its origin and “fruits,” give the freedom and empowerment to oppose them by confronting and contradicting it whenever it is encountered, enlightening others by other means as well, especially by being a living example. Study alternatives to androcentric linguistic conventions and make a point to avoid androcentric usage in both speech and writing. The APA (American Psychological Association) and other style manuals now put forth acceptable usage that rejects linguistic androcentrism.
For an excellent to-the-point article on androcentric language, its nature and impact, see “A Line on Life: Our Androcentric Language” by David A. Gershaw, PhD: http://virgil.azwestern.edu/~dag/lol/Androcentric.htm. One of Dr. Gershaw’s most perceptive points is that “Much of sexism is so ingrained in our language, that we don’t even recognize it.” Awareness is the key.
Women as Perpetrators:
It is here that the “it will be believed” part of “The Big Lie” (See above.) involves its victims. As with other oppressed groups, women have been inundated so heavily for so long with the false beliefs about gender expressed by the immensely influential Christian Church Fathers as voices of their pagan and Old Testament Judaic predecessors that many have internalized (accepted as true) them. That internalization then has caused them to “collude in their own demise.” – that is, against their own personal potential, self-concept, and quality of life. The result is to “live down” to inordinately low expectations. The more women who do this, the more their behaviors impede the efforts of men and women who understand and seek to eliminate its detriment.
This phenomenon is on the order of The Stockholm Syndrome identified in more recent times. “Stockholm syndrome: An extraordinary phenomenon in which a hostage begins to identify with and grow sympathetic to their captor." http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=24038. It is essentially a psychological mechanism in which someone who is oppressed in some way comes to form emotional bonds, identify with and accept the ideas of their captor/oppressor as right and true in order to survive psychologically and often physically. People caught in such a situation are usually unaware of what is really going on and cannot see the oppressiveness of the reality in which they are living. Some forms of this in gender oppression include such as the following:
Jackie Mitchell with Babe Ruth
1. Accepting blindly language and practices that are demeaning, segregating or limiting that should not be based categorically on the basis of gender or when it should not matter and/or it is based on simply the false gender beliefs expressed above by the Church Fathers. Consider these:
2. Using Androcentric Language
3. Laughing at or telling jokes that demean and/or stereotype women (or men)
4. Accepting all-male mascots of school athletic teams (implying that male athletes are more important and that females are not competitive), ignoring that tigers, eagles, lions, etc., like athletes and the schools they represent, come in two genders.
5. Enthusiastically supporting male bastions that carry a formidable culture of male supremacy and female exclusion that relegates females categorically to the sidelines and sternly opposes opportunities for female participation, whether it is a sport, a male-only exclusive club or a “man cave.” (Such bastions include especially football, baseball, etc.) There are women’s professional football leagues (A Google image search for “Women’s Professional Football League” will yield surprises and awareness.), and women were playing baseball at Ivy League colleges from the 1860’s. Women have also played on Major League baseball teams. When it became illegal in 1972 to exclude girls from baseball teams, the Little League created a softball division and ever since has shunted girls into the softball division. It takes a strong, determined girl to insist on playing baseball, if that is her preference. Too many girls simply accept the situation, instead of working to open up choices for girls, even a girls’ baseball division. An excellent example of women colluding in their own (and all) demise is the women who participate in such events as the “Lingerie League” "football” games, which greatly sexualize and demean women, taking away respect for the many women who are dedicated and talented athletes. One force working so against women with respect to male bastions is the psychological effect of stigmas based on stereotyping and are socially attached to girls who otherwise would like to participate in activities associated with male bastions. Not all barriers are physical. Wrong assumptions about gender are every bit as limiting as physical walls, perhaps even more so. Research and learn about women’s athletic teams in your area and enthusiastically support them, encouraging others to do so, especially those that fall into the category of “boys’ bastions.” Be part of the solution by modeling acceptance, not part of the problem itself by enabling structures that treat female athletes unfairly.
For information on women’s football leagues see some sites below:
If you did not know that professional women’s football exists, at this point you should have no difficulty realizing why. What if all professional football leagues were given the same support? The quality of women’s play would, over time, be raised—as well as pay. Why not open the field to all players and enlarge the world of sports?
And as for women’s baseball, see the following sites:
The origins of the misconceptions and resultant mistreatment of women have been clearly shown in this work. Disclosed as well has been the impetuses for their continuation from ancient times to the present. A final word here to women is to become very conscious of the stereotypes that have been and are still damaging to women and make a point yourself not to live them; to live them is to accept and help perpetuate them. Along those lines, become keenly aware of the androcentric character of the language and how to avoid using those terms yourself, as it is a powerful perpetuator of the stereotypes. Finally, take every opportunity you can to educate others and openly oppose anti-female practices. Knowledge is power—the power to embrace and nurture the truth. The extensive annotated bibliography is an excellent place to go from here.
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Johann Jacob Dillen (Dillenius) (* 22. Dezember 1684 in Darmstadt, Landgrafschaft Hessen-Darmstadt; † 2. April 1747 in Oxford) war ein deutscher Botaniker. Sein offizielles botanisches Autorenkürzel lautet „Dill.“.
Leben
Der Sohn des Arztes Justus Friedrich Dillenius (1644–1720) und seiner Frau Anna Elisabeth Finck (1661–1720) aus Pfungstadt studierte an der Universität Gießen Medizin und wurde 1719 promoviert. Noch im selben Jahr veröffentlichte er eine umfangreiche Flora von Gießen, in der er (ähnlich wie Heinrich Bernhard Rupp in seiner Flora von Jena) neben den phanerogamen Pflanzen auch die Kryptogamen behandelte. Er beschrieb dabei nicht nur zahlreiche neue Arten, sondern bemühte sich auch, vor allem bei den Pilzen, um die Abgrenzung von Gattungen, von denen mehrere von Linné übernommen wurden.
Von den 200 Moosarten, die Dillenius in seiner Flora von Gießen aufführte, waren 140 bis dahin nicht bekannt. Von den 160 Pilzarten waren 90 neu.
Dillen arbeitete als Arzt in Grünberg, 1713 wurde er Stadtarzt in Gießen.
Am 24. Juni 1713 wurde Dillenius mit dem akademischen Beinamen Glaucias I. zum Mitglied (Matrikel-Nr. 301) der Leopoldina gewählt. 1721 nahm er eine Einladung des Botanikers William Sherard nach England an, wo er sich unter anderem mit den umfangreichen Pflanzensammlungen seines Gastgebers beschäftigte. Mit Sherard unternahm Dillenius auch ausgedehnte Reisen durch Westengland und Wales.
Sherard, der 1728 gestorben ist, hatte seine Pflanzensammlung samt Bibliothek und einer ansehnlichen Geldsumme für die Einrichtung eines botanischen Lehrstuhls an der Universität Oxford vermacht. Dillenius wurde als erster Professor auf Lebzeiten auf diesen Posten berufen.
Dillenius stand mit seinen berühmten Zeitgenossen Albrecht von Haller und Carl von Linné in regem wissenschaftlichem Verkehr.
Er verstarb an den Folgen eines Schlaganfalls und wurde in St Peter-in-the-East (heute Teil von St Edmund Hall), Oxford, begraben.
Ehrungen
Carl von Linné benannte ihm zu Ehren die Gattung Dillenia der Pflanzenfamilie Dilleniaceae.
Werke
Catalogus plantarum sponte circa Gissam nascentium (1719)
Hortus Elthamensis (1732, 2 Bde. mit 324 Kupfertafeln)
Historia muscorum (1741; mit 85 Kupfertafeln)
Das letztere gilt als Dillenius’ Hauptwerk, das erstmals genauere Beschreibungen von Laubmoosen enthält.
Literatur
A. J. Schilling: Johann Jakob Dillenius : (1687 - 1747) ; sein Leben und Wirken ; Gedenkblätter zur 200fachen Wiederkehr des Jahrestages seiner Geburt. (= Sammlung gemeinverständlicher wissenschaftlicher Vorträge. N.F.,66). Verlagsanstalt und Druckerei A.-G., Hamburg 1888. .
Quellen
Meyers Konversationslexikon. 1888–1889.
Weblinks
Johann Jakob Dillenius 1684-1747. Eine Ausstellung in der Universitätsbibliothek Gießen zum 300. Geburtstag. Universitätsbibliothek, Gießen 1984 (Digitalisat)
Einzelnachweise
Mykologe
Bryologe
Mediziner (18. Jahrhundert)
Botaniker (18. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (University of Oxford)
Mitglied der Leopoldina (18. Jahrhundert)
Mitglied der Royal Society
Namensgeber für eine Pflanzengattung
Absolvent der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
Deutscher
Geboren 1684
Gestorben 1747
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Rand Paul was talking prison reform when Jared Kushner jumped on the call
Phillip M. Bailey | Courier Journal
Show Caption Hide Caption Trump convenes experts on prison system overhaul President Donald Trump is convening a group of governors, criminal justice experts and faith-based leaders to discuss ways of overhauling the nation's prison system with an eye toward reducing the rate of recidivism. (Jan. 11)
New poll shows 82 percent of Kentuckians think criminal justice reform is needed.
The results caught the attention of President Trump's son-in-law, Jared Kushner.
Kushner joined a call with Sen. Rand Paul to lend his support to reform efforts.
Advocates hope action will be taken before midterm elections in November.
White House senior adviser Jared Kushner is endorsing new Kentucky polling numbers that show an overwhelming majority of Bluegrass voters want to overhaul the criminal justice system.
The findings were touted by U.S. Sen. Rand Paul and a bipartisan group behind the reforms during a conference call Thursday as a way to get Republican leaders and President Trump to move on a proposal before the midterm elections.
"I think that the results of the poll really show this is not a red state issue or a blue state issue, this is a real issue that Americans want to see advance and they want to see the politicians in Washington make progress on," said Kushner, who was a last-minute addition to the call.
The polling finds that 82 percent of Kentuckians believe the U.S. criminal justice system "needs significant improvements."
Read this: Rand Paul's neighbor must stay away from senator and family, judge says
Paul said the polling results, gathered from a survey of 500 registered voters, are a clear demonstration that Kentucky supports overhauling the current system.
"I appreciate the findings that show in Kentucky it's overwhelmingly popular no matter who you are or what party you're in that people do want their to be justice," he said. "There are people who are poor, often minorities, who get caught up in this system and really it ruins their whole life."
Key findings from the poll.
► 82 percent, including 90 percent of independents, think a person convicted of non-violent drug offenses should not be sentenced to life in prison.
► 74 percent think Congress should give judges the option to depart from mandatory minimums in certain circumstances.
► 70 percent think the prison and sentencing reform bill should get a vote in the Senate.
► 89 percent think that the main goal of our criminal justice system should be rehabilitating inmates to become productive, law-abiding citizens.
Criminal justice reform advocates have been pushing the pedal on a proposal that has been shackled in the Senate for months amid reported concerns that the legislation could split the GOP majority.
See also: Rand Paul held up spending bill with plan to defund Planned Parenthood
Under the proposal, which is sponsored by Republican Chuck Grassley of Iowa and Democrat Dick Durbin of Illinois, there are four amendments that would be added to the prison reforms approved by the House this year.
Among the changes the two are proposing would be reducing the mandatory drug sentencing guidelines from life to 25 years for a third conviction and from 25 to 15 years on the second.
It also would give judges more discretion to give out more lenient sentences on drug offenses, and retroactively change sentencing for people already locked up on cases involving crack and powder cocaine disparities.
Kushner said Thursday it is important that supporters, "keep the pressure up" to get a bill to the desk of President Donald Trump, who is his father-in-law. He said he has been in discussions with several senators about approving a proposal just months after a similar proposal made it through the House.
"Right now we're very close to finalizing a package in the Senate," Kushner said.
Kushner's comments come just a week after reports surfaced that the president had quashed his son-in-law's push to accomplish something ahead of the midterm elections, according to Axios.
More: Rand Paul: Spending federal dollars on OPIC won't help small businesses
Kushner, who did not take any questions during the conference all, never addressed the reporting on push back from the president. But he said he has been working hard to correct the "misinformation" about what the Grassley-Durbin changes do while emphasizing who it helps.
"I think the most important thing is this bill will help a lot of people but it will keep our community safer, which is a big priority of the president," Kushner said.
Holly Harris, who leads the nonprofit Justice Action Network, said after the survey's results were sent to the White House that Kushner was eager to trumpet its findings.
"It's a huge surprise but hopefully it underscores to everyone how committed this White House is to ensuring that a broad criminal justice reform package gets to the president's desk this year," said Harris, a veteran Republican strategist who is a native Kentuckian.
Advocates are also aiming to persuade Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell with the polling's numbers. One of the survey questions specifically asked respondents if they want McConnell, who is seeking re-election in 2020, to bring this measure up for a vote in the Senate.
The results show 70 percent of Kentuckians believe McConnell should do so. It also touts that 16 percent of Kentucky registered voters said they would be more likely to vote for him versus 8 percent less likely should he bring such reforms to the Senate floor.
More: Rand Paul celebrates after Trump revokes Brennan's security clearance
Republican pollster Bob Blizzard, who conducted the survey, said in a time of hyper-partisanship these numbers show significant majorities in both parties favor this overhaul.
"It is a do-no-harm vote because it is going to make people much more likely to vote for your re-election than not likely," he said.
Spokesman Robert Steurer said McConnell discussed the issue with Kushner last week, but downplayed the prospects of something coming out before November.
"The leader made it clear following that meeting, there will be no vote on this legislation during the pre-election work period," he said. "And while no commitments were made by the leader on holding a vote, proponents of the legislation will continue to discuss the issue with their colleagues followed by a whip count after the October session to accurately assess the conference's view on the issue."
But Paul said during the conference call that if it is allowed on the floor, the proposal could get up to 70 votes in the Senate. He said it would also be good for the country to see significant legislation pass with bipartisan support.
"This is a no-brainer and this is something where right and left can come together," Paul said.
Reporter Phillip M. Bailey can be reached at 502-582-4475 or pbailey@courierjournal.com. Support strong local journalism by subscribing today: courier-journal.com/philb. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '9c43f39ed98cb91cb75f515b7b6550bf843d797f8ff2c987b8a588c435d83f54'} |
5 Strategies to Win Your Archery Tag Battles!
Mavis LUncategorized
1. Arrows = Ammos
Always remember to check your ammos (arrow) supply, never let it run out as it means that your opponent gets the upper hand. In archery tag, not everyone gets to be the “attacker” or “shooter”. Strategise your gameplay to have several “collectors” to stock up your ammos!
2. Turn sideways if someone’s aiming at you and you cannot duck
If you see your opponent nocking their arches in your direction, and you have got nowhere to hide, you might want to try turning sideways to lessen the surface area of your body exposed to your opponent. You can then immediately nock your arch to shoot at them after they have taken their shot. If you try to avoid their arrow by falling to the ground, you would then require additional time to stand before nocking your arrow, which gives them sufficient time to reload as well.
3. Cover your teammates by firing at your opponents
Archery tag is all about effective teamwork and communication! Therefore, if your teammate wants to get from point A to point B, coordinate with him/her such that you shoot at your opponents’ direction the moment he/she starts running. Your opponents will then hide to prevent being shot by your arrow. This can be coordinated between several teammates to give that one person greater chance to move from point A to point B safely.
4. Catch the arrows
If you’re able to catch the arrow(s) directed at you, catch them! It can save you a whole lot of time and yourself from being shot when you try to pick it up from the ground. Teamwork makes the dream work. Thus, you could also try catching those arrows aimed at your teammates if you’re good at catching arrows – it might also make you look like a semi-prince charming 😉.
5. Hydration is key!
People tend to miss out on this point, but remember to drink up to recharge every now and then! Dehydration after running around and dodging for 10 minutes can seriously take a toll on your performance. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9560797214508056}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '56963', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XBCIGPLTBSZ7R45W7T5XRRWTVGJ62HNL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a07ce269-cde0-446e-b99e-9199e055d249>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 10, 22, 11, 32), 'WARC-IP-Address': '101.100.211.51', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NNWYTTFZA6MQHFZOEV2KOC25MN3DAIO6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:842cd4ab-e3c3-4e5e-ad9b-4e98e8d5bc13>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://cohesion.sg/5-strategies-to-win-your-archery-tag-battles/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3d0c2f68-ce25-44f5-ba70-6320a2ba6a16>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '350', 'url': 'https://cohesion.sg/5-strategies-to-win-your-archery-tag-battles/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-28.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.6638877987861633', 'original_id': '73f747a600ec7439ae08b35d5dab6c0363b62db96dac813ae1631430c1deb4a0'} |
More than a resource, Duralee is a destination for your design. Be it whimsical, modern, traditional, or eclectic. We are passionate about our products, from our fresh fabric and cutting-edge trim options to our innovative furniture frames and drapery hardware. Sophisticated, yet youthful and fun, the Duralee design aesthetic is versatile with an ageless appeal. We understand that designers are looking towards what is new, what is next, and what is unique, and we strive to bring inspiration to the marketplace. If it is distinctive, diverse and dramatic, it’s Definitely Duralee!
Visit the Duralee Website | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9253782629966736}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '176798', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XWZFYF3YISHXHIF4RFERNDFCEBTRFWS7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:20c141b6-eb25-4f16-b042-5d7b279a4f61>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 29, 18, 54, 15), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.28.9.61', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NW2J456BSHWXATZZ7LCF56MKBULZXWU2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:050fe739-b0e2-4598-bbe6-aee6ea813cf3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://mp-interiors.net/textiles-trims/duralee/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8f8d595f-d51e-467f-9c17-86ba5caac8f0>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '96', 'url': 'http://mp-interiors.net/textiles-trims/duralee/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-67.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02649390697479248', 'original_id': '04ffa23a277f5cb45b09bd85a95fe2617d9a8fe849cccd2ff7d8cc880ada9fcd'} |
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Did You See "Frontline" program
October 19 2011 at 3:45 PM
(no login)
Response to Democrat criticism
on PBS last night? It was an hour-long editorial critical of Pres Obama for reniging on his campaign promise for "immigration reform" . . which in the context of this program means "dismantle the borders and let everyone come on in".
I was on the verge of nausea, hearing all these sob stories about poor illegal immigrants whose own govts aren't providing them any opportunities, so they HAVE to enter U.S. any way they can . . . and how mean and unacceptable it would be for America to make those who snuck into U.S. and had children here to possibly have to leave those children when they are deported and the kids get to stay.
Just as nauseating were the assurances that Obama Admin. officials gave to the program's reporters that, "President Obama is still committed to immigration reform, but in the current political climate (again, "Damn those mean Republicans and Conservatives . . we need to vote them out of office and let the poor undocumented people stay!") there is only so much he can do. But we haven't forgot and we are still working on that."
Why even have laws if the Chief Executive and his appointees won't even stand up and say, "It's the law. You broke the law. You need to go home and try to do it the right way. And if you don't, we will send you packing!"
Respond to this message
1. Immigration - Nat on Oct 19
1. What would be the point? - Bob on Oct 19
1. Only a bit facetious - Nat on Oct 19
Find more forums on SocietyCreate your own forum at Network54 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9652729034423828}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '10766', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ERJPSUKJPIKDHZGCFAPQA6KNP4VT5FNX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c448e4b1-0c84-4a08-9515-2faf5b9a1a14>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 9, 23, 12, 31, 37), 'WARC-IP-Address': '162.159.250.43', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QDVOHCC5PNSXMNE6XAN3HK6AQR5G5YRQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b3a96717-1e40-447c-bb98-9ee8599a6342>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.network54.com/Forum/157869/message/1319053552/Did+You+See+%26quot%3BFrontline%26quot%3B+program', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1880261a-ca82-4915-81a9-66bcd2a45993>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '286', 'url': 'http://www.network54.com/Forum/157869/message/1319053552/Did+You+See+%26quot%3BFrontline%26quot%3B+program', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-41\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for September 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.052012622356414795', 'original_id': '87c52bc24c0f25a2bb3fecd5639cb35c419227b1490fa85708e4f32190958fb6'} |
Full-color sugar 3D printing
Full-color sugar 3D printing.
The first time someone lays a 3D-printed piece of candy in your hand, you almost feel bad about eating it. The virtuosity of these pieces confuses the senses: stunning hexagonal structures cluster together like a complex chemical construction, full-color starburst patterns curve as if made from fabric, and neon geometrical shapes interlock without a single seam. On first glance, you think each one is a piece of art and meant to be consumed only by the eyes. But then you taste it and realize this is a whole new recipe.pingfu_badge
Sugar 3D printing is a relatively new development and a fun sense-oriented detour under the “additive manufacturing” umbrella, which has often been largely about function. Not to mention this is a huge development in 3D printing materials alone, especially considering that they’re all edible. No chemicals allowed. If we can 3D print with sugar, you have to wonder how many more materials are out there that we haven’t even considered yet.
Most importantly, food 3D printing empowers us to build upon the culinary traditions that are so deeply imprinted on our cultural psyche. Food, as we can all attest, occupies a prominent space in the human experience. After all, we always seem to gravitate toward the kitchen as a gathering place, and one of the greatest pleasures of being human is making and enjoying a meal with someone else, whether it’s to catch up, celebrate, remember, or imagine the future. As culinary practices shift, so too do the experiences that surround them: they become heightened, enriched. This is exactly the kind of progression that food 3D printing will catalyze, as bakers, chefs, and confectioners take hold of capabilities never before realized, giving new shape to the moments of life that revolve around our food culture.
Interlocking 3D-printed candies
Interlocking 3D-printed candies.
The Sugar Lab
The Sugar Lab at 3D Systems is the birthplace of sugar 3D printing. Think of it as our bakery and the place where all the amazing, sweet creations you see here come to life. Liz and Kyle von Hasseln, who began developing 3D printed food out of their small apartment while they were architecture graduate students, founded the Sugar Lab. For this husband-and-wife team, it started as a simple experiment with unusual 3D printing materials. They first attempted to print in wood, using sawdust, and later ceramics and concrete. Those all produced mixed results. But next, motivated by the need for a special birthday decoration, they tried sugar. After a few months spent perfecting the recipe, they realized they were onto something. A bit later, The Sugar Lab took form as a full-fledged business, with Kyle and Liz using a 3D Systems 3D printer that they’d retrofitted to be food safe.
Now as part of the 3D Systems family, their amazing invention has taken the next step with the introduction of the ChefJet 3D printer, the first sugar 3D printer available for restaurants, bakeries, catering companies, and more. We first revealed the ChefJet at International CES 2014, and the excitement has rightfully been through the roof. Since then, candy giant Hershey’s has joined our efforts to find delectable and captivating new ways to print candy.
As Kyle and Liz put it at CES, the ChefJet presents a fantastic new outlet for 3D printing to spread throughout mainstream culture. Food being such an integral part of our social interactions, our family gatherings, and our time at home, these edibles have the chance to open a lot of eyes to the personal power of 3D printing and its myriad uses.
3D-printed sugar sculpture for cakes and more
3D-printed sugar sculpture for cakes and more.
Chocolate-flavored hexagons
Chocolate-flavored hexagons.
How It Works
For those familiar with the different methods of 3D printing, sugar 3D printing is similar in principal to other technologies like ColorJet or Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). It uses a bed of powdered materials (in this case sugar), flavoring, and sometimes cocoa powder. A stream of water bonds the sugar together within the material bed to form a single layer, then the build platform lowers, a new layer of sugar is spread over the build area, and the machine builds the next layer. So it goes layer by layer until the sculpture is finished.
The results, as you can see here, are just as magnificent as printing with plastic or metal. The ChefJet is virtually unlimited by the geometry or the complexity of the model you want to print. You can create interlocking pieces, perfectly straight lines, and smooth curves, all in full color if you desire. Considering the sugar sculptures that it creates, it makes sense that architects thought it up.
Edible 3D-printed elements provide structural support for cakes
Edible 3D-printed elements provide structural support for cakes.
To date, The Sugar Lab and the ChefJet have created everything from customized sugar cubes and structural cake decorations to premium cocktail decorations and exact scale Ford Mustang replicas. Flavor choices are equally delicious with mint, cherry, sour apple, milk chocolate, and others.
But what I love about the ChefJet and other 3D printers is that they provide yet another tool and a multitude of other options when it comes to artistic applications. I discussed this in last month’s blog: 3D printing in this respect can supplement the traditional methods, and recipes, that we’ve developed over years and years. In this case, it’s about building on tradition, not overpowering or replacing it. So now bakers and confectioners can match their delectable flavors with never-before-seen visual aesthetics. They can have their cake and eat it too.
(Written with Josh O’Dell) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9383896589279176}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '139545', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:N5VE7I3M222HW2JVTR32DJT74GOYERQS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2c76a81d-424a-4b8c-8f41-f4da73616e72>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 4, 15, 55), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.27.107.71', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CM6YYNRLBT5QMWTLY62L54UF2CTFGPHY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:215ac820-2590-49f5-886b-f8c39bca8dc3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://makezine.com/2014/03/20/eat-your-3d-prints/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3b966bea-6070-4c9d-95ca-ef716f9f2895>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '934', 'url': 'https://makezine.com/2014/03/20/eat-your-3d-prints/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-65-126-152.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.021085679531097412', 'original_id': 'ce6864623213c2558105476c54f7c20d4a31a30f5ce8217834bc1768232c4ebf'} |
Neurons in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and superior paraolivary nucleus of the rat may play a role in sound duration coding.
We describe neurons in two nuclei of the superior olivary complex that display differential sensitivities to sound duration. Single units in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) and superior paraolivary nucleus (SPON) of anesthetized rats were studied. MNTB neurons produced primary-like responses to pure tones and displayed a period of suppressed spontaneous activity after stimulus offset. In contrast, neurons of the SPON, which receive a strong glycinergic input from MNTB, showed very little or no spontaneous activity and responded with short bursts of action potentials after the stimulus offset. Because SPON spikes were restricted to the same time window during which suppressed spontaneous activity occurs in the MNTB, we presume that SPON offset activity represents a form of postinhibitory rebound. Using characteristic frequency tones of 2- to 1,000-ms duration presented 20 dB above threshold, we show that the profundity and duration of the suppression of spontaneous activity in MNTB as well as the magnitude and first spike latency of the SPON offset response depend on stimulus duration as well as on stimulus intensity, showing a tradeoff between intensity and duration. Pairwise comparisons of the responses to stimuli of various durations revealed that the duration sensitivity in both nuclei is sharpest for stimuli <50 ms. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '2cc4d40fb2e41e7b78581188aa4ab595e6d94316006f96f718c7fd9c51c820ab'} |
The Processes Involved CD Manufacturing
The manufacturing of compact discs (CDs) is the process by which the typical CD is replicated in large quantities for general use. While the CD itself can be used for a variety of purposes including audio and data content, the materials that make up the physical composition of the CD remains largely unchanged. Due to the nature of the CD, the way that the disc itself is created must be performed properly and with great care. If it is not made in the right environment and with the right materials, the quality of the data can be damaged and the disc will ultimately become useless.
The Process
CD services, CD manufacturing and the actual data that the disc must contain all need to be considered when making or replicating a CD. The original disc is the glass master. This master disc must have a number of specifications including a particular diameter, thickness, flatness, surface roughness. Additionally, it must be free from defects.
Once this glass disc has been created, it must be polished. Dirt is removed from the device using an electrostatic machine prior to polishing.Once the surface is completely clean, it can be buffed to the desired smoothness.At this time, the coating layer must be applied to the glass.While the disc is spinning, an adhesive is applied to the disc to bond it with the photosensitive coating.Next is the most important process of the creation.The data is transferred to the device using a laser beam recording device.The data is transferred as a high frequency signal and recorded into the disc.Once completed, the disc can be cleaned with a chemical solution that creates the lines that are visible on the back of the disc.As a result of the weakness of the glass, a metal mold is injected into the disc.This thickens the metal and creates a more stable product.
At this point in time, the disc is actually clear.The reflective layer that is common on CDs is now pressed onto the disc and is covered with an acrylic plastic layer to protect the surface from scratching.These materials make up the common compact disc.Perhaps the final step in the process is to add artwork to the disc as is the common trend for music artists or data discs that are purchased by consumers.CD manufacturing is a long and complex process, however it results in a quality end product. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9458009004592896}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '46029', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LTSUHG77OYXE7ZZHOQ7RKBKFKQOR5JZC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:984121a3-a6b7-4f7e-97d3-421072a4dd9a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 21, 1, 45, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '139.99.123.134', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CQO2XMXXXT65I2KGHRHUHBXIUT7PJ34R', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4b849f7d-a13f-46c6-bd3c-d6b347709eed>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://businessnbudgeting.com/the-processes-involved-cd-manufacturing/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:400c432c-ff28-42d2-893e-27d50a42bac5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '402', 'url': 'https://businessnbudgeting.com/the-processes-involved-cd-manufacturing/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-17\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-253.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.059945642948150635', 'original_id': 'bd1878c682144810b715e06f2265aeb4dbaae4212e4d62475493c61bd4a4989b'} |
Q:
Session Variables are Null
I've searched and tried over a dozen suggestions from similar issues on this site, but only a little closer to resoluton.
I am starting out with HTML & PHP so this is a very simplistic couple of scripts.
I am setting up an array with math questions (to test my 9 year old son).
The first script "mathtest.php" sets up the array and sets a couple of variables in the $_session global variable and then a form submits an answer to the question to "mathtest1.php".
My $_session variables are lost when I get to "mathtest1.php".
Please help. I know I can do something with cookies, but I really want to advance in my understanding of sessions.
Here's the 2 scripts:
"mathtest.php":
<?php
session_start();
?>
<html>
<title>Math Test</title>
<head>Math Test</head>
<body>
<?php
$arrayindex = 0;
for ($L = 1; $L <= 12; $L++) {
for ($R = 12; $R >= 1; $R--) {
$setupquestions[$arrayindex] = $L.'*'.$R;
$arrayindex++;
}
}
$_session["questions"] = $setupquestions;
$_session["randomkey"] = array_rand($_session["questions"],1);
?>
<form action="mathtest1.php" method="post">
What is <?php echo $_session["questions"][$_session["randomkey"]]." ?" ?>
<input type="text" name="answer">
<input type="submit" name = "submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
The script above works as expected, but the script below has null values for the session variables I"m trying to access and use.
"mathtest1.php":
<?php
session_start();
?>
<html>
<body>
<?php
if(isset($_POST['submit']))
{
$answer = $_POST['answer'];
$result = eval("return $_session[questions]$_session[randomkey];");
echo "result = ".$result."<br />";
if ($answer == $result) {
echo "Correct!!";
}
else {
echo "WRONG!!";
}
}
$_session["randomkey"] = array_rand($_session["questions"],1);
?>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>">
What is <?php echo $_session["questions"][$_session["randomkey"]]." ?" ?>
<input type="text" name="answer">
<input type="submit" name = "submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Other details:
OS X, Chrome Browser, latest version of PHP
XAMPP installation & scripts are on the same laptop as XAMPP, not on an external server.
session cookies are ON
...Trans_ID is ON
I have read & write access to the session save path.
A:
$_SESSION should be in uppercase.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'a0b0039c44f2477ff044733fae90abfac8c02c2461359f8ddba660b0a6aaef29'} |
Tesla Generator Review
Free Energy For All Humanity Was Tesla’s Dream.
tesla generator
Tesla Generator - Teslas Field of Lights (from the film Prestige)
Nikola Tesla is the Grandfather of Electricity – He discovered it – He made it safe for us all to use.
Tesla wanted every single person on this planet to be able to make their own electricity. He did not think it right that the big energy companies made money from something that was freely available.
Now remember… this was all happening way back, at the turn of the 20th century. When Nikola Tesla died in 1943 the US Government seized every single one of his papers.
This knowledge had remained hidden and kept secret for all these years.
Why did they do this? Why suppress this knowledge?
They did it for MONEY… the newly formed Energy Corporations did not like the idea of people being able to generate their own electricity. They wanted to charge you for it. We all know that the Energy Companies have been making vast amounts of money charging everybody for using electricity.
But the TRUTH has now been told as the archives have been opened to public scrutiny.
This technology is ground-breaking. It’s life-changing and is an effective way to produce natural, clean energy.
Tesla generator gives free energy
Free Energy means:
• You do not have to pay the energy companies for your electricity!
• You do not need to use expensive solar panels, wind power or batteries!
• You do not need to spend thousands (or even hundreds) of dollars to get the Tesla Generator set up and running!
Tesla Generator Provides Clean Energy:
• There are No Emissions
• There are No Fumes
• There are No pollutants at all
The Tesla Generator is a simple system that can easily produce FREE electricity!
There is such a vast resource of natural energy in the atmosphere that surrounds us … all that you need in order to be able to harness this energy is the right device and then you can convert it into usable kilowatts.
You will discover precisely how to build a Tesla generator using these blueprints. This generator will allow you to tap into the earth’s natural energy and use it to help power your home.
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Tesla Generator Compared Alternative Energy
alternative energy sourcesAlternative energy sources hold much promise for enhancing the Earth’s environment by eliminating toxic emissions associated with traditional energy generation. They also help conserve scarce natural resources by utilizing inexhaustible energy supplies. In this post I am comparing the Tesla Generator with these various renewable energy systems to see which are more energy efficient.
Following are some specific forms of such alternative resources and their relative advantages.
Tesla generator compared
Converting your residence into an alternative energy home with a Tesla generator is an exceptionally cost-efficient, eco-friendly option. Tesla generators circumvent all drawbacks of other alternative resources.
Costing less than $100 USD to build, these handy compact devices generate up to 4.5 megawatts of power. This is sufficient to provide continuous current to power an entire alternative energy home with excess electricity to spare. Continue reading
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Tesla Free Energy Yields Top Efficiency Yesterday, Today And Tomorrow!
Consistent with the growing “Green” trend, Tesla free energy is becoming increasingly popular. Electrical power has had an irrefutably Tesla Free Energypositive impact on overall quality of life. It is also expensive and a colossal environmental menace.
Nikola Tesla solved this dilemma decades ago. Knowledge of every Tesla free energy device is vigilantly suppressed, however. The sad fact is that powerful concerns with conflicting pecuniary interests do not want widespread, direct access to power by individuals.
What is Tesla Free Energy?
“Free energy” denotes power that is capable of being extracted directly from the surrounding atmosphere. While intuitively appealing, the concept is also the subject of much debate. Scientists have hotly debated its true cost efficiency, supply sufficiency, and very existence for decades.
How Tesla Free Energy Came About
Upon his 1884 arrival in America, Thomas Edison initially employed Tesla. Divergent philosophies about ideal scientific methodologies ultimately caused the demise of that alliance, however.
Not long after, Tesla set up his own lab at 35 South 5th Avenue, New York. This enabled his enjoyment of total intellectual freedom and scientific license. During his tenure there, Tesla experimented with X-rays, a carbon button lamp design, and alternative lighting and electrical sources. Continue reading
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Tesla Generator Revolution
Talking About A Tesla Generator Revolution
tesla generatorNikola Tesla was an engineer and inventor who was every bit as brilliant as his rival, Thomas Edison. He was instrumental in the advent of commercially available electricity, and his contributions to the field of electromagnetism around the turn of the twentieth century were legitimately revolutionary. The work he did to help develop the alternating current, or AC form of electricity is credited with giving rise to the second industrial revolution.
Truly a man ahead of his time, Tesla was responsible for making some claims about the possibilities of energy and energy transmission that seemed impossible during his lifetime, but have been proven to be valid today. Continue reading
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Tesla Power Generation Systems
Since the ‘70s, the increasing costs of oil prompted many people to look for other energy sources that are free, cheap, and just as effective. Tesla Power GenerationScientists have toiled away trying to create free power and now have come up with the Tesla power generation system, which provides free power. Nowadays, you will find a range of systems that will help you generate free electricity that you can use to power your house. You can come up with various systems that can take energy from natural sources like the wind or sun. You can also find magnetic generators that are proven to generate energy independently. However, using a Tesla power generator is growing in popularity.
Tesla Power Generation System Continue reading
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Free Energy Devices Moving Into The Future
In the last couple of years, eco-friendly Americans have shown considerable interest in free energy devices. These electrical generators Free Energy Devicesuse capacitive discharge ignition mechanism to produce power. Unlike their fuel-powered counterparts, Teslas free energy devices produce capacitor discharge current, which could effectively replace your electricity grid system. This green form of energy may play a crucial role in energy efficiency envisaged by the year 2020 and beyond.
A recent study by Brattle Group economists, estimates that National Electric Consumption in the US might decline by five to 15 Percent by 2020. This case might have been different if there were no concerted efforts to improve energy efficiency by relevant authorities. The European Union has also set a target of 20 percent reduction of energy consumption by the year 2020. Despite these positive steps towards efficient use of energy, lobbyists have been relentlessly frustrating research into Teslas free energy devices for a long time. Major beneficiaries of the billion dollar US energy sector seem reluctant to accept their dwindling prospects for the future.
The impact of free energy devices Continue reading
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Tesla Wireless Power Innovation Of Free Energy
Tesla wireless power
Nikola Tesla is a gigantic figure in the story of human technological development, especially in regards to the possibilities of Tesla wireless power and free energy. This man was responsible for many of the technological applications that people use every day in advanced countries. According to some, he was responsible for innovations of which the industries of today still cannot make use. He was far ahead of the thinkers of his time and remains far ahead of many scientists today.
The emergence of Tesla Wireless Power
One example of how Tesla leaped far ahead of his fellow innovators in the late 19th century involves the development of Tesla wireless power. In 1891, when electricity itself was a new phenomenon for most people and was, in fact, rarely if at all used in everyday life, this inventor made significant improvements to the Hertz-wave RF power supply, developing a wireless transmitter of free energy. In 1893, Nikola Tesla wireless electricity became a worldwide sensation when he illuminated phosphorescent lamps with wireless power at an exposition in Chicago. This was practically a century before people became accustomed to opening their car doors with remote control devices. The TV had not even been invented, so the idea of a remote control for that device was unthinkable. Continue reading
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Tesla Energy With The Innovative Generator
The state of the world today is that oil is decreasing. As a result, electricity prices are increasing and humans are now looking for other ways Tesla energyto create energy. Even so, solutions to cure the world’s current energy crisis have existed for over a century. One individual who set out to find a source for abundant energy was named Nikola Tesla and he created the Tesla energy generator.
History of Tesla Energy
The Croatian-born innovator arrived in the U.S. to start developing his inventions. Tesla started to build his invention that made it likely for anyone to use electricity in his or her homes more efficiently. Tesla studied the way that energy could be transmitted by wireless transmission and how solar power was used. According to his beliefs, the sun nourished the planet and the answer to the world’s dependence on energy lied in solar power.
Machines powered by the sun, water, and wind have been produced on a mass scale but Tesla energy is an innovation that is not known well. It is a renewable energy source at least a hundred years old that is now being used to conserve the environment and save money.
The power in this device lies in its ability to take in meager amounts of energy and transform it into significant amounts of energy. The energy can exceed the normal amount for a typical home, which makes the Tesla generator very effective. Apart from the fact that most homes can use this generator, it is also very affordable and simple to build. The building process can be aided by guides available on the Internet. One can also buy this device online if they do not want to build it themselves, after the generator is built and going, the homeowner can immediately start saving on their electricity bills.
Tesla energy generator
The Tesla energy generator also does not require much maintenance either in part because it is compact. This makes it easier to put it in just about any area in the home without it drawing too much attention. You can even carry it along to outdoor excursions if necessary.
Having a Tesla generator comes with many benefits. The most apparent one is that it can create electricity by itself and that it reduces electricity costs. It is very affordable, simple to build, and emits no radiation, toxic fumes, or excessive noises. Additionally, it is the most affordable alternative energy device available to the typical person.
Another advantage to installing this tool has to do with tax benefits. The government will lower your taxes by deducting the generator if you can prove you have one in your home. They do this so they can persuade people to take up alternative energy devices. However, owning more than generator will not help you get extra deductions. Only the first device that is set up will get the benefit.
By putting a Tesla energy generator into a living area, the people around will benefit a great deal. The electricity created will help the bill payer save a lot of money on electricity. Not only that but a generator is a clean, renewable source that has no harmful side effects. It is one of the most affordable ways to save energy and can help people move towards producing energy in smarter ways. The Tesla energy system is suitable for all households, businesses and institutions
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The Marvels Of A Tesla Generator
tesla energy generatorThe Tesla generator has to be one of the most remarkable energy saving machines ever to hit the market.
With the cost of fuel as expensive as it is today, every homeowner can benefit from what this generator has to offer. Not only will a Tesla generator lower your power bills, you will also be contributing towards a “greener” environment by reducing the amount of oil, gas and coal you use for the heating of your home. This generator offers an alternative to burning fossil fuels for heating purposes while saving you money at the same time.
If you are not familiar with the concept behind the Tesla generators, now is a good time to learn. The main expense behind this particular home generator is the initial cost of the items itself and what low maintenance costs required for the future. The technology incorporated into the Tesla energy generator allows homeowners to harness cosmic energy already in existence to produce sufficient energy for home use. From lights to electrical appliances, your Tesla electric generator can effectively supply the power you need from a renewable energy source that will never run dry.
Cost Effective Tesla Generator
The Tesla generator system is cost effective all the way around. While in use, your generator will continue to create additional energy for self-empowerment without the need of any outside source. In addition Tesla generators do not emit unhealthy fumes or chemicals into the air as fossil fuels do. Therefore, not only will you be saving money but you will be helping to clean up the environment as well. If everyone were to operate in this manner, our world would be a cleaner, safer place to live. Fossil fuels today are being eaten up at a very fast rate. Each person who does his or her part to cut back on the fossil fuels they use can make a difference in saving our natural resources.
Tesla Generators are safe to use
Tesla generators have proven to be effective and safe to use, requiring little maintenance or care. You can purchase the Tesla generator blueprints online along with all the necessary parts. If you have the skills and expertise for building equipment of this nature it should not take you long to complete your construction. Otherwise, you may want to acquire the services of someone with the knowledge and experience to show you how to build the Tesla generator. To help promote this alternative energy producing method, the federal government has offered a tax break to those homeowners who choose to use one of these generators in their home. This is a bonus you can use in your favor to offset the cost of setting up your new energy efficient system.
Because of the small, compact size of this generator, it will fit nicely in any area of your home. You can place it in a discreet corner or underneath a cabinet. It will go wherever you please. The lightweight construction also makes this item quite portable to move. It can be taken with you when you travel to use in an out of the way vacation spot or for camping expeditions. A Tesla generator is a versatile, multipurpose piece of equipment well worth buying for all your power needs.
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Nikola Tesla: One Hundred Million Volts Possible
one hundred million volts
A Bolt Of Lightning Carries About 100 Million Volts
One Hundred Million Volts Theoretically Possible
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Scrapping The World’s Engines With Nikola Tesla’s Turbine
Original TeslaTurbineThe inventions of Nikola Tesla transformed the world. They did not do so in a simply physical manner. His ideas actually transformed the way people live, the way they work and the way they recreate. His development of the induction motor is one example of how he spurred this metamorphosis of the human environment.
Tesla’s Turbine: Scrapping The World’s Engines
Some capable technicians of Tesla’s time were convinced that the only valuable contribution he had made to human technology and advancement was his induction motor. This motor, which runs on an alternating current, is still used today in industrial applications. Tesla patented the idea for a practical motor in 1882.
However, Tesla was much more enthused about the new turbine that was meant to play a role in his magnifying transmitter. He thought that those around him were too focused on the immediate results of inventions such as the induction motor and were not far-sighted enough to see how humans could harness even greater power. The effect of this turbine, were it developed, would be far more transformative than the induction motor. The latter had augmented man’s industrial capacities. It had, for the most part, added to the value of the machinery already in existence.
This new turbine of Tesla’s design was meant to scrap all the heat engine’s presently used by the world’s industries. Its development would necessitate the abandonment of billions of dollars’ worth of equipment as antiquated devices from another, more primitive time. Tesla recognized that this would be an impediment to its construction, as well as the adverse opinions of various experts in the field.
The existence of these prejudices was confirmed for Tesla when he had a conversation with a friend who was also an electrical engineer. After explaining his idea for a new turbine, Tesla claimed that it would scrap the engines which the world already used. His friend merely remarked on the size of the scrap heat and walked away.
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Nikola Tesla And Aladdin’s Lamp
Tesla Magnifying TransmitterNikola Tesla was responsible for many inventions, particularly in the use of electricity, which changed the modern world and enabled humans to harness the natural powers of the universe for their own ends. He realized early in his life that the world was home to incredible sources of power which might be accessed as easily as someone might rub Aladdin’s lamp and make fantastic requests of the emerging genie. His design of the magnifying transmitter was meant to enable people to so easily capture and channel energy.
Many of his earlier inventions had enhanced the industrial capacities of human work. His turbine engine completely transformed industry. In his journals, Tesla recorded his belief that the magnifying transmitter would force people to scrap all the world’s present models for heat-engines and replace them with his much more powerful and efficient discovery.
Rubbing Aladdin’s Lamp: Building The Magnifying Transmitter
While Tesla’s ideas for a tower of sufficient strength and size to house a magnifying transmitter were spurred by a thunderstorm in 1890, he was not able to create the tower until the years right before the beginning of the First World War. During the 1890’s, he worked on augmenting his ability to generate sufficient voltage for this tower. After overcoming a fire which destroyed his laboratory and set back his work in 1895, the inventor was generating more than four million volts in his coils by the beginning of the 20th century.
He constructed a tower that was nearly 190 feet tall on Long Island. Atop the tower was a spherical placement with a diameter of 68 feet. He believed that this tower would be sufficiently capable of transmitting almost any amount of energy from one location to another. The idea was to transmit energy wirelessly. However, the tower was destroyed at the beginning of the European conflict and Tesla was never able to return to this design in his lifetime.
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How To Put Together A Tesla Generator
A lot of people are asking for details of exactly how to put their Tesla Generator together.
how to build a tesla generatorThe Tesla generator blueprints and plans that are available are written in fairly straightforward way but still there is some confusion arising.
I came across this post full of tips and also some details about the different components that you need for your Tesla generator.
you might want to take a look at it.
Step 1: Assemble All Your Components
The actual overall cost to assembling one of these systems should be no more than roughly fifty cash, assuming you do not got a collection of these items just laying around… read more:
We need to remember that the Tesla home generator will in fact only generate sufficient energy for part of your home use. It can be used as a backup generator when your main power might be down. In order to generate sufficient electricity to power you whole home then you will need to stack several of these. So it is a case of scaling out.
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New Type Of Radio Wave Discovered
twisted radio waves A new type of radio wave has been discovered that uses “orbital angular momentum” of the waves which gives them a “twist”. Basically this gives the radio waves an extra dimension which in turn will enable the passage of greater amounts of information. Coming at a time when even the ionosphere is almost packed jam with television, radio and digital information this new wave will bring greater capacity. More and faster – well I wonder what Tesla would have thought about this. Absolutely amazing stuff.
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Tesla Generator | Free Electricity Using A Free Energy Generator Interesting
One of the article directories listed an article about the Tesla Generator today and it is fairly well written and on topic so I thought I would bring it to my readers attention.
Tesla Free Energy Generator
Tesla Free Energy Is So Simple
The Tesla generator is a type of magnetic free energy generator that can provide you with free electricity. Power costs are rapidly increasing in the 21st century, and the world is in the hands of the oil-rich countries. Being able to generate your own free power would give you a great deal of financial security and make you less dependent on frequently unreliable renewal energy sources.
Oil production is very commercial, and the oil producers will have a natural tendency to sell to the highest bidder. With the ongoing tension in the Middle East involving many of the OPEC countries, oil supplies are far from stable and secure. Not only that, but an even greater impact is being made to oil prices and availability to the West by the Chinese industrial revolution.
Once a fairly small energy consumer, China surpassed the USA as the world’s largest energy consumer in 2010. This naturally results in a hike in oil prices, and also impacts on the price of all other non-renewable energy sources such as gas and coal.
The Tesla free energy generator is certainly one of the more useable alternative micro generators that homeowners are building around the world.
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Nikola Tesla In Michael Faraday’s Chair
The magnification of small actions fascinated Nikola Tesla. He was absorbed by the possibility of tapping into the great power reserves of the universe with mundane gestures. Consider how many people can access lighting for large installations just by flipping a switch. They owe Tesla a debt of gratitude for the simplicity of these actions which have altered the landscape of daily life. He compared these advances which he spurred to avalanches that began with the throwing of a single snowball.
Faraday - From the Bible and Science Laboratory Blog: www.creationsafaris.com
The world was quite impressed with Nikola Tesla during his lifetime. He frequently received invitations to address bodies of scholars or put his mind to work on the toughest problems of humankind. In 1892, after having produced more than one million volts during the course of laboratory experiments, he accepted an offer to speak before a group of electrical engineers in London, England. One of his listeners, a nobleman by the name of Sir James Dewar, was so enthralled by what he heard that he insisted upon Tesla speaking before the Royal Institution.
Sitting In Faraday’s Chair
When Tesla arrived to speak, Dewar sat him down at the head of the body and poured him a drink. Only then did he let the inventor know that he was sitting in the very chair of Michael Faraday, a man who had preceded Tesla in developing the ability of humans to harness electrical power. Tesla was drinking the very same whiskey that the discoverer of electromagnetic induction had drunk while sitting in that chair.
After speaking and giving demonstrations in London, Tesla later suffered a debilitating illness and was unable to work. Upon recovering, he realized that he must concentrate on developing an idea that would transform the world. He returned to America intent on finishing the work that would enable him to build a magnifying transmitter.
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Tesla Inventions Of Magnitude Bring Change To The World
Some of the Tesla inventions that we are familiar with today were seen as very questionable in his time. It is only relatively recently that his designs for utilizing free energy from the atmosphere in order to generate energy have become accepted and used widely.
tesla inventions
A Potential Indicator that Tesla worked with (National Museum American History)
One of the people that have published written works about Nikola Tesla is a Kenneth M Swezey (1905 – 1972). The difference between Swezey and other writers is that he actually new Tesla and even became friends with him. Swezey used to write for the New York Sun when he was a young man. In the capacity of a newspaper reporter he would often write articles about the various Tesla inventions as they were taking place. Swezey became so fascinated by Nikola Tesla and his experiments that in his later years wrote several books about science. Among these publications is; Formulas, Methods, Tip and Data for Home and Workshop, Science Shows You How and After Dinner Science.
The Tesla Inventions Brought to Us By Kenneth Swezey.
A lot of what we know today about Tesla actually comes from Swezey’s writings. When Tesla first emigrated to America he went to work at the Edison Machine Works as a designer. Tesla brought his expertise and knowledge about dynamo’s that he learned as a student. Apparently he had been promised a salary of eighteen dollars a week together with a lump sum amount of fifty thousand dollars when he had completed his allotted project. Granted it was a major project and fifty thousand pounds back then was a huge amount of money but it would have been enough to enable Tesla to build his own lab. Now that was what Tesla had planned to do all along.
It all fell through though and even though Tesla had completed all of the work for Edison there was no big bonus and so he resigned. It only took Tesla three years to amass sufficient funds to build his dream laboratory and he began to start inventing and experiment wing with model motors. It was not long before his patent for the polyphase ac motor was granted.
George Westinghouse realized that Tesla was a great inventor and was able to produce working models that were substantial improvements upon earlier designs. Westinghouse hired Tesla to work on a design for the Niagara Falls Power contract that used Tesla’s patented Polyphase motor.
Although Westinghouse did pay Tesla, and in fact paid him very well, Tesla chose to go back to his own laboratory and continue developing his own concepts for high frequency currents. Tesla invented the famous Tesla coil that uses these very high frequencies.
Tesla Inventions: Tesla speaking about his set-backs and achievements
“We are but cogwheels in the medium of the universe, and it is… and unavoidable consequence of the laws governing that the pioneer who is far in advance of his age is not understood and must suffer pain and disappointment and be content with the higher reward which is accorded to him by posterity”
Tesla experienced several disappointments and had many setbacks throughout his life and as he grew older some of his more obscure inventions are still today not fully understood by scientists. The Tesla inventions that use free energy and those that draw free energy from the atmosphere are particularly of interest today. Alternative energy systems are constantly being refined and are becoming more readily accessible and useable for the ordinary person.
Tesla inventions
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Tesla Energy The Ionoshpere And Radio Waves
The IonosphereLets consider Tesla Energy, the Ionosphere and radio waves.
Learning about electricity and radio transmission has to be one of the neatest skills to learn.
I am in the process of studying for a Ham Radio License and wow it is fun!
It brings all of the technical aspects of the Tesla Generator to life. You can just feel and imagine how Tesla was entranced by the power of electrical waves and energy.
Back in the late 19th century when they were just discovering radio waves and the possibilities of transmitting over long distances and world wide communications. Bouncing radio waves off the ionosphere.
The skills and knowledge needed to do this are quite intricate and so in order to advance your technical knowledge and operating skills there is a fair amount to learn.
Back when they were on the cusp of discovering this amazing technology – That was Tesla’s Time.
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Universities Become Natural Leaders In Renewable Energy
renewable energy plan
From the Energy Collective:
Read the rest of this interesting article here.
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Small Tesla Generator Provides Alternative As Tax Credits Come to an End
Small Tesla Generator and Tax creditsThere is uncertainty in the air as the coveted tax credits are coming to an end. Tax credits for both solar and wind power have enable many people to make the move towards alternative energy whilst having the comfort knowing that a chunk of their investment in the technology will be covered by the government in the form of tax credits.
However with these tax credits coming to an end how on earth can most ordinary homeowners afford the initial cost of setting up either a solar or wind powered sustainable energy system.
The answer is as always the Tesla generator. It is a Micro system and you can build your alternative energy system up in stages, rather like building blocks.
The initial investment is small and the expertise required is minimal.
You can pick up the blueprints that you will need for your small Tesla generator here on my site.
AWEA is also leaning on its friends to do its bidding. Politicos from wind-friendly states like Iowa, and Kansas have written letters to members of the Congressional conference committee that’s now hashing out the tax bill. The letters repeat the same tired talking points about jobs. Read more:
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Energy summit’s one agreement: Let’s conserve energy
We are noticing a definite trend towards educated and influential people becoming involved at the local level. Institutes and organizations are beginning to voice there concern about the current energy crisis and suggesting alternative solutions. These people are concerned enough to take the time to become involved and not only are they taking action themselves and choosing to use alternative energy devices in their own homes but they are also trying to influence their local communities.
alternative energy institute
The forum — titled Challenges for Florida in the 21st Century: Understanding Energy, Education and Growth — was held by the Institute of Gainesville at the Hilton University of Florida Conference Center, with overlapping forums on education and growth. The institute was formed last year by educators, attorneys, physicians and other professionals to research issues, educate voters and make public policy recommendations.At this forum the experts had a hard time agreeing on the actual harm that the different sources of energy was causing the environment. They actually took a close look at not only coal and natural gas but also alternative energy sources such as biomass , solar, magnetic energy, radiant energy and wind power.
“The one thing they seemed to agree on was that conservation is the most cost-effective way to reduce costs and lower greenhouse gas emissions.”
You can read more about there findings here:
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Four Million Volts: Nikola Tesla’s Goal
Continuing our series on the amazing aspirations and achievements of Nikola Tesla.
Now this is the genius that brought you the Tesla Generator.
Nikola Tesla Generator
In order to achieve his goal of putting incredible power into the hands of humankind, Nikola Tesla needed to develop the ability to generate high outputs of electricity and transmit them over long distances without the aid of wires or other hard connections. He spent a great deal of time in his home laboratory in the 1890’s trying to develop just such a capability. He outlined his efforts in an article he later wrote about his goal of increasing human energy.
Nikola Tesla Generates Four Million Volts
In the spring of 1893, Tesla achieved electrical tensions of approximately one million volts with the coils in his laboratory. This was far beyond what anyone else had achieved at that time. He continued to make progress in his lab and increased electrical output until his efforts were set back by a laboratory fire which destroyed much of his equipment in 1895.
He resumed work as soon as possible. Tesla knew that a larger apparatus could more easily attain the quantities of electro-motive force that he was seeking. However, he was determined to find a way to do so with a smaller transformer.
Soon, he had developed just such a device and discovered that he could make it generate as many as four million volts. This was done without allowing charge to accumulate improperly at any point. He was also able to transmit these charges across distances as great as 16 feet. He could generate the kind of power for which he was looking. Now he sought to extend his ability to transmit that power across great distances.
Now Tesla began to plan the erection of a tower to both generate and transmit the voltage which he was capable of producing. He completed these plans in 1899. He spent a year in Colorado improving and refining his techniques before seeking to build this tower on Long Island.
Nikola Tesla Generator
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Tesla Secret Generator Brings Energy Independence Home
The Tesla Secret Generator is for those who realize the value of alternative energy.
tesla secret generator
Nikola Tesla was shunned at the end of his life and long career in science and industry. He had been one of the most sought after and highly regarded inventors of his time, but his unique way of looking at the world and his fierce pursuit of answers to whatever questions intrigued him most led to a tragically lonely end.
The last decades of Tesla’s life and research are shrouded in legend and mystery among them was his Tesla secret generator.
People today are still discovering new technological insights provided by the body of work that Tesla left behind when he died in 1943. In addition, rumors of a Tesla Secret generator that could change everything about the electrical engineering industry have lived on in popular science circles ever since. Continue reading
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Micro Alternative Energy Systems
Micro alternative energy systems are having a huge impact upon the ability of ordinary homeowners to begin using these types of energy systems to generate their own electricity. No longer do we expect to be able to magically build a cheap system that will enable us to detach ourselves from the grid, rather we can anticipate to gradually generate sufficient electricity to replace a small part of our overall usage. The micro Tesla generator is just one of these micro energy systems.
Energy has a significant impact not only upon the lives of ordinary, individual people the world over but also play a major roll in our governments and our countries the world over. For many of us the prospect of living without the convenience of electricity is something that we will never have to give a second thought to. Yet most people living in underdeveloped countries do not even have an electric grid within a hundred miles. If humankind were to continue upon its present course then the problems that we are facing today will only become more serious.
Not only are we using too much energy but we also need to make use of alternative types of energy. It is essential that we make changes to our energy consumption. There are many different alternative energy schemes that are being used today throughout the world. What we are noticing is that the technically complicated devices and systems that are being used in the developed parts of the world tend to be very expensive and require a fair bit of ability in order to set them up. At the same time in the third world countries similar systems utilizing the same renewable resources are in fact very simple in design.
Compare for example, the intricate solar panel design that is set up on the roof of the suburban home in a city with a simple solar stove outside the mud hut in the east African village. They both provide us with the power to cook our food and yet how much simpler in design is the reflective solar powered cooker. It is this use of micro energy systems that is actually making a real difference today.
Up until this point leaving the important decisions of how to invest in alternative energy solutions just has not worked. Many individuals, however have found ways to generate their own electricity. It is by using micro energy systems within their homes that people are managing to not only reduce their energy costs but also their usage.
It is no longer acceptable to turn a blind eye to the world’s energy problems. The accepted norm is changing as individual homeowners are becoming more familiar with the different ways to make their own electric power. Today it is quite in vogue to carry around a recycled shopping bag and to grow your own vegetables on the patio in recycled plastic buckets.
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Radiant Energy As Lumens Per Watt
Nikola Tesla was the first person to discover and tap into this amazing free source energy known as Radiant Energy.
Radiant Energy GeneratorThe scientific explanation for radiant energy goes something like this: The visibility of radiant energy means that you take the ratio of luminosity to radiant power. I understand that to mean that it is the ratio between the brightness of the sunlight and its warmth. Now the scientists were able to express this in a unit of power and they called it Lumens per watt. Radiant energy is in fact a very powerful yet free source of energy. We use it almost daily during the summer months and an example of this is when we hang our washing out on the line to dry. Radiant energy can also be magnified by a solar mirror and when this happens it generates a massive amount of power. I thought that this photo of the sun shining through the branches and leaves of this tree serves as a wonderful example of radiant energy. The suns rays carry this energy down to the earth for us all to use.
Energy is generally defined as something’s ability to do work on some other thing. There are several different kinds of energy. One of the individual types of energy is radiant energy. Radiant energy is the energy emitted by electromagnetic waves. There are both visible and invisible forms of radiant energy. When you see light rays from the sun passing through the branches of a tree, for example, you are witnessing a form of radiant energy: visible light.
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Solving The Energy Poverty Problem Where There Is No Grid
electrical gridLiving here in the USA where even those families that are supposedly living on the poverty line have TV’s, computers and play stations it is hard to imagine life without these splendid luxuries. But that is what they are “luxuries”. A large portion of the world does not even have access to electricity let alone these commonplace electrical gadgets that we all take for granted.
Living without electricityIf we had no available electricity then we would find a means to generate our own, albeit a small amount. There are many blueprints and plans for getting off the grid that work well enough to generate sufficient electricity to power essential appliances. So for example cooking and lighting would be no problem. The basic components for generating your own electricity are almost household items. For example a Tesla radiant energy generator costs only a few dollars.
But what can be done for those who live in energy poverty. Energy poverty is a serious threat to the developing worlds and steps are being made to tackle this problem.
Read the original article source
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Despite Delay, the 100-Watt Bulb Is on Its Way Out
This extract from the New York Times illustrates the general trend towards green living and the use of alternative energy and energy efficiency devices in our homes today.
energy efficiency
The incandescent lightbulbs are finally on their way out.
The law to phase out traditional incandescent light bulbs was promoted as a simple, almost painless, change when Congress first passed it. By requiring that light bulbs use at least 25 percent less electricity, starting in 2012, the nation would use less energy, manufacturers would invent more efficient types of bulbs and the planet would be spared millions of tons of carbon emissions every year.
But the traditional light bulb — that lowly orb of glass, filament and threaded metal base — has become a powerful emotional symbol, conjuring both consumer anxiety over losing a familiar and flattering light source and political antipathy to government meddling.
On Friday, the House voted to delay enforcement of the new standards until at least Oct. 1, with the Senate expected to agree, as part of a last-minute budget deal to keep the government operating through the rest of the fiscal year. Republicans have vowed to press for a full repeal of the new rules.
I wonder what Nikola Tesla would have to say about this? Possibly something along the lines of “now is the time for my wireless electricity”.
You can read the rest of the article here.
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Tesla Wireless World System
The First World System Of Nikola Tesla
Tesla Wireless World System
From The Electrical Experimenter, February 1919
Advocating For The First World System Power Plant
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Nikola Tesla And The Nature Trigger
Nikola Tesla Observing Nature’s Trigger
Share and Enjoy | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1256', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9622985124588012}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '370994', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DAA76PENEFOUL2VRZ7H65V6VKYJQNGR3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:6af62ef7-d6c7-4b24-91b8-2cc0cad9199a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 7, 24, 14, 40, 25), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.20.108.27', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:X5BOXXVOIE4GNRDMSFBPDB7LV4PAFHII', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e827233a-f11e-4da8-9a77-387716481f10>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.teslasgenerator.net/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3fd44073-9c8c-4871-9c5d-b8dc81b41fd2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '8532', 'url': 'http://www.teslasgenerator.net/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06468921899795532', 'original_id': '98e7c9600c69dfe48944887155b436cdfa036272d4cf319cb58ce7ac3852b7fc'} |
Ed Sperling
Ed Sperling, None
7/06/2010 @ 6:00AM
The Risks Of 4G Cellphones
The introduction of 4G phones marks a significant advancement for the smartphone world, but how that fits into the corporate world isn’t obvious yet.
There are two different trends underway here, and both are intersecting in interesting ways. That’s “interesting” as in the Chinese saying, “May you live in interesting times.”
The first trend involves the improvements in technology at each new generation (G) of cellular phone technology. Each new generation adds something new to the previous generation, while also making all phones in different generations incompatible. While 2G phones allowed digital transmission compared with 1G’s analog, 3G technology allowed Internet access and multimedia. That has been followed over the past year by 4G technology, which greatly improves transmission speeds of data. Most phones are still relatively slow compared with computers, but the primary reason for the difference in performance is the trade-off of battery life vs. speed–no one wants to charge his smartphone every two hours.
The second trend is based on economics. While companies will invest in new releases of technology every couple years, wholesale shifts in technology occur roughly every 15 to 20 years. It took about 20 years to move from mainframes to the first minicomputers, and it took another 15 years for the personal computer to be introduced. Even in software, which gets upgraded more frequently, most companies are just now considering changing from Windows XP to Windows 7, having skipped an entire generation. Most companies move slowly on technology because they need to balance the risk inherent in new technology, the cost of changing over equipment and the payback cost of a technology investment.
Contrast that to the consumer world, which requires much more frequent changes. The economics of consumer electronics make it essential to sell hundreds of millions of cellular phones of all types on a significantly faster replacement cycle, and nothing forces changes like a shift in the infrastructure. That explains why the shift from 1G to 2G took 11 years, the shift to 3G took 10 years, and the shift to 4G took just seven years.
These two trends have lived in separate worlds for decades. Corporate was corporate and consumer was what employees played with at home. That’s changing with 4G. More powerful devices, often without the same kind of security safeguards that companies have implemented since the advent of the PC, are rolling out faster than companies are equipped to handle, with capabilities that extend far beyond what previous generations of phones offered. These are now true mobile Internet devices, and they’re being used for texting and accessing data around the world both over secure networks and in public places.
These devices can download everything from documents to movies, and they can store hundreds of times the amount of data that the most powerful PC could store at the beginning of the decade. They can shift from one application to another, power down others in a split second in a feat of semiconductor and software engineering, and they can communicate and connect to almost any available network. And they can do all of this with the same lack of concern about security threats as previous generations of phones.
The threat–or at least the potential threat–is that these devices now move at a speed that makes it harder to isolate and detect before they can cause a real problem. Corporate and consumer worlds will merge like never before with the advent of 4G, and the result should be quite interesting.
See Also:
Google’s Threat To Apple
Bandwidth Junkies
Data Centers: From Physical To Virtual
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Measurement properties of EQ‑5D‑3L
and EQ‑5D‑5L in recording self‑reported
health status in older patients with substantial
multimorbidity and polypharmacy Arjun Bhadhuri1* , Paul Kind2, Paola Salari1, Katharina Tabea Jungo3, Benoît Boland4, Stephen Byrne5,
Stefanie Hossmann8, Olivia Dalleur4, Wilma Knol6, Elisavet Moutzouri3,7, Denis O’Mahony9, Kevin D. Murphy5,
Linda Wisselink6, Nicolas Rodondi3,7 and Matthias Schwenkglenks1 Abstract Background: The EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L are two generic health-related quality of life measures, which may be
used in clinical and health economic research. They measure impairment in 5 aspects of health: mobility, self-care,
usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the
EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in measuring the self-reported health status of older patients with substantial multimorbidity
and associated polypharmacy. Methods: Between 2017 and 2019, we administered EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L to a subset of patients participating
in the OPERAM trial at 6 months and 12 months after enrolment. The OPERAM trial is a two-arm multinational cluster
randomised controlled trial of structured medication review assisted by a software-based decision support system
versus usual pharmaceutical care, for older people (aged ≥ 70 years) with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. In the
psychometric analyses, we only included participants who completed the measures in full at 6 and 12 months. We
assessed whether responses to the measures were consistent by assessing the proportion of EQ-5D-5L responses,
which were 2 or more levels away from that person’s EQ-5D-3L response. We also compared the measures in terms of
informativity, and discriminant validity and responsiveness relative to the Barthel Index, which measures independ-
ence in activities of daily living. Results: 224 patients (mean age of 77 years; 56% male) were included in the psychometric analyses. Ceiling effects
reported with the EQ-5D-5L (22%) were lower than with the EQ-5D-3L (29%). For the mobility item, the EQ-5D-5L
demonstrated better informativity (Shannon’s evenness index score of 0.86) than the EQ-5D-3L (Shannon’s evenness
index score of 0.69). Both the 3L and 5L versions of EQ-5D demonstrated good performance in terms of discriminant
validity, i.e. (out of all items of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L, the pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression items had the
weakest correlation with the Barthel Index. Both the 3L and 5L versions of EQ-5D demonstrated good responsiveness
to changes in the Barthel Index. *Correspondence: arjun.bhadhuri@unibas.ch
1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Medicine (ECPM), University of Basel, Basel,
Switzerland Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01564-0 Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01564-0 Open Access © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and
the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material
in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material
is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the
permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativeco
mmons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/
zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Introduction The measurement properties of any HrQoL instru-
ment, such as distributional properties, consistency,
reliability and validity, should be evaluated in order to
assess its appropriateness for use in a specific patient
population [5]. A measurement instrument may exhibit
good distributional properties if the presence of ceiling
and floor effects are low (so that responses are not con-
centrated within the highest and/or lowest levels of an
instrument). Both 3L and 5L should demonstrate consist-
ency with each other if participants’ responses to the 5L
matched with the corresponding levels of the 3L when
both measures were administered at the same time point
[6]. Reliability analysis assesses the ability of an instru-
ment to provide reproducible measurements, whereas
validity analysis involves assessing the extent to which
an instrument measures what it purports to measure [7]. Convergent (and discriminant) validity and responsive-
ness are two types of validity analysis. An instrument
exhibits convergent validity if it is highly correlated with
a related instrument, whereas an instrument exhibits dis-
criminant validity if it has a comparatively low correla-
tion with an unrelated instrument [5]. Economic evaluations in health care involve the com-
parison of the costs and the benefits of different health
technologies [1]. Cost-effectiveness analysis is a widely
accepted form of economic evaluation. Cost-utility
analysis (CUA) is a specific form of cost-effectiveness
analysis in which the benefits of health technologies
are measured in terms of quality adjusted life years
(QALYs) [1]. The QALY is a composite measure of both
quantity and quality of life. q
y
q
y
EQ-5D is a generic measure of health-related qual-
ity of life (HrQoL) which can be used in clinical and
economic studies, and is the recommended measure
in National Institute of Health and Care Excellence
(NICE) guidelines for calculating QALYs in cost-utility
analysis in England and Wales [2]. EQ-5D consists of 5
dimensions of health i.e. mobility, self-care, usual activ-
ities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression [3]. It also
includes a visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), which asks
participants to rate their overall health on a scale from
0 to 100. In the original of the EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L), each
dimension of health included 3 answer options (levels)
to measure whether participants were experiencing no
problems, some/moderate problems or severe/extreme
problems [3]. Introduction However, there were concerns that the
use of only 3-levels resulted in these levels being too
broad so that the EQ-5D-3L measure offered only
limited information on the degree to which respond-
ents’ health was impaired, and was also less sensitive
to changes in respondents’ health status over time. As
a result, a 5-level version of the EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)
was subsequently developed and introduced in 2009 to
address these concerns by providing two additional lev-
els for each dimension to enable a more nuanced pro-
file of an individual’s health status to be elicited. In the
EQ-5D-5L, each dimension of health includes 5 levels
to measure whether participants are experiencing no
problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe
problems, or extreme/unable problems [4]. Henceforth
in this article, we refer to the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L
instruments as 3L and 5L respectively. Responsiveness may be described as ‘longitudinal
validity’, and assesses the degree to which an instrument
is able to respond to a meaningful or clinically important
external change over time [5, 8]. Given the most common
function of the EQ-5D is to detect changes in HrQoL
over time in clinical trials, it is particularly important to
evaluate the responsiveness of EQ-5D. An anchor-based
analysis may be performed to assess responsiveness. The
objective of an anchor-based analysis is to assess whether
scores on the measure of interest (i.e. 3L or 5L) change in
the expected direction when compared with changes in
the scores of a related construct or measure (the ‘anchor’
measure) [9, 10]. For an anchor-based responsiveness
analysis to be undertaken, it is necessary that the anchor
measure is responsive in the study population. We are aware of two previous studies which have com-
pared the 3L and 5L versions of EQ-5D for people of any
age with multimorbidity (defined in these studies as ≥ 2
chronic conditions) [11, 12]. Our study is the first we
are aware of, to examine the responsiveness of the 3L or
5L in a population with substantial multimorbidity (our
sample presented with a mean of 11.5 chronic conditions
upon entry into our study) and polypharmacy (defined
for this study, as 5 or more different regular drugs for
more than 30 days). © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and
the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material
in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material
is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the
permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativeco
mmons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/
zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 2 of 17 Conclusion: Both EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L demonstrated validity and responsiveness when administered to older
adults with substantial multimorbidity and polypharmacy who were able to complete the measures. Introduction The definition of multimorbidity
used in this study was based on the inclusion criteria for For the purposes of economic evaluation, EQ-5D
responses can be converted into a single index sum-
mary score based on questionnaire responses to the
5 dimensions of health by using a valuation algorithm
based on the social preferences of the general popula-
tion. Such evaluation algorithms are country-specific
and are currently available for a number of countries. Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 3 of 17 Page 3 of 17 participants were 2,008 people aged 70 years or above
with both multimorbidity (experiencing 3 or more
chronic conditions concurrently) and polypharmacy
(5 or more different regular drugs) [14]. The trial inter-
vention was based on the so-called ‘Systematic Tool to
Reduce Inappropriate Prescribing’ (STRIP) assistant,
which is deployed using a clinical decision support sys-
tem [27]. STRIP is a structured method for performing
customised medication reviews and to detect potentially
inappropriate prescribing [14], based on STOPP/START
version 2 criteria for potentially inappropriate medi-
cations (STOPP) and potential prescribing omissions
(START) [28]. Baseline characteristics of the OPERAM
trial participants included a mean age of 80 years, 55%
being male, 24% being university educated, and present-
ing with a mean of 11.0 comorbidities at baseline. The
chronic comorbid conditions most commonly reported
by OPERAM trial participants at baseline were hyper-
tension (n = 1309; 65%), hypercholesterolemia (n = 725;
36%) and atrial fibrillation (n = 724; 36%). The OPERAM
trial had broad eligibility criteria to improve representa-
tiveness for the population of interest, and external
validity. the underlying clinical trial that provided the data basis
for the present study (presence of ≥ 3 concurrent chronic
conditions), and is stricter than the definition of multi-
morbidity which is typically used in the clinical field
(presence of ≥ 2 concurrent chronic conditions) [13, 14]. Studying the measurement properties of the 3L and 5L
in this population is of significant interest, because this
population is increasing in prevalence over time [15]. Our study is also the first head-to-head study we are
aware of (i.e. the same individual completing both the
3L and 5L) that has been undertaken for this population. In terms of studies comparing the measurement proper-
ties of 3L and 5L versions of EQ-5D, many studies have
been carried out across other populations [16]. Introduction Of these, three studies found
that the 5L was more responsive than the 3L [21–23], two
found that the measures exhibited similar responsiveness
[24, 25], and one study of 112 stroke patients indicated
that the 3L was more responsive than the 5L [26].h During the 6 month and 12 month participant tel-
ephone interviews, which took place between 2017 and
2019, all trial participants were asked to verbally com-
plete questionnaires read out to them by the trial primary
researcher, to elicit a range of trial outcomes (including
the Barthel Index, EQ-VAS and EQ-5D-5L). The EQ-
5D-5L was included in the OPERAM trial as part of a
pre-planned, within-trial health economic analysis, but
also to assess HRQoL clinically [14] (primarily by using
the EQ-VAS). In addition, after initial trial recruitment
had been completed, the 3L questionnaire was adminis-
tered in the same way to a subset of participants of the
OPERAM trial at the 6 month and 12 month follow-up
time points. We chose these time points to collect EQ-5D
data for assessment of responsiveness, as we judged that a
6 month interval was sufficient time for clinically impor-
tant changes in patient’s health to occur. We did not use
a longer time period, as it would have exacerbated the
generation of missing data due to the substantial mortal-
ity rate in the target population. Based on the standard
operating procedure for the administration of trial ques-
tionnaires, the 3L was administered at the end of the tel-
ephone interview. For patients with potential difficulty in
concentrating, the 5L was the first questionnaire admin-
istered, followed in sequence by (1) the Morisky Medica-
tion Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), (2) the Barthel Index
and (3) Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ). The main objectives of this study were to: a Assess discriminant validity, informativity and
responsiveness of the 3L and 5L versions of EQ-5D in
an older adult population with substantial multimor-
bidity, and polypharmacy. b Assess consistency of the 3L and 5L, in an older adult
population with substantial multimorbidity, and
polypharmacy. Consistency involves assessing the
extent to which responses based on 3L correspond to
those based on 5L. Introduction Most
of these studies showed that the 5L is highly consistent
with 3L responses, as well as offering a better level of per-
formance in terms of reduced ceiling effects and better
informativity compared to the 3L [16–18]. Ceiling effects
occur when a high proportion of subjects have maximum
scores on the measurement of interest. A smaller num-
ber of studies, which have applied modern test theory
through Rasch analysis, have also indicated improved
performance of the 5L compared to the 3L in terms of
demonstrating greater sensitivity [19, 20]. Furthermore,
we are aware of only six studies comparing the respon-
siveness of the 5L and 3L. Of these, three studies found
that the 5L was more responsive than the 3L [21–23], two
found that the measures exhibited similar responsiveness
[24, 25], and one study of 112 stroke patients indicated
that the 3L was more responsive than the 5L [26].h the underlying clinical trial that provided the data basis
for the present study (presence of ≥ 3 concurrent chronic
conditions), and is stricter than the definition of multi-
morbidity which is typically used in the clinical field
(presence of ≥ 2 concurrent chronic conditions) [13, 14]. Studying the measurement properties of the 3L and 5L
in this population is of significant interest, because this
population is increasing in prevalence over time [15]. Our study is also the first head-to-head study we are
aware of (i.e. the same individual completing both the
3L and 5L) that has been undertaken for this population. In terms of studies comparing the measurement proper-
ties of 3L and 5L versions of EQ-5D, many studies have
been carried out across other populations [16]. Most
of these studies showed that the 5L is highly consistent
with 3L responses, as well as offering a better level of per-
formance in terms of reduced ceiling effects and better
informativity compared to the 3L [16–18]. Ceiling effects
occur when a high proportion of subjects have maximum
scores on the measurement of interest. A smaller num-
ber of studies, which have applied modern test theory
through Rasch analysis, have also indicated improved
performance of the 5L compared to the 3L in terms of
demonstrating greater sensitivity [19, 20]. Furthermore,
we are aware of only six studies comparing the respon-
siveness of the 5L and 3L. Data collectionh The OPERAM clinical trial is a two-arm, cluster-
randomised controlled trial of a structured medica-
tion review assisted by a software-based decision
support system versus usual care, funded by the Euro-
pean Union Horizon 2020 programme (trial identifier:
NCT02986425) [14]. The trial was conducted in four
centres in Belgium, Ireland, Netherlands, and Switzer-
land with a follow-up period of 12 months. The trial In the course of the 6 month follow-up interviews,
patients were consecutively added to the present study
until a maximum of 75 participants was reached for each Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 4 of 17 Page 4 of 17 country [implying a planned maximum of 300 partici-
pants in total; 300 being comparable to the sample size
of other responsiveness studies comparing 3L and 5L
[16]]. In this study nested within a multinational clinical
trial, we used the combined sample across all countries
to ensure sufficient statistical power. However, for the
responsiveness analyses, we also carried out subgroup
analyses at the country level to check for potential differ-
ences in the responsiveness of the instruments between
countries. Questionnaires were completed by patients or
proxies on behalf of the patient, usually a family mem-
ber or other responsible individual [i.e. nursing home
employee (if applicable) or the patient’s GP [14]] if the
patient presented with cognitive impairment or was oth-
erwise unable to respond. However, our present analysis
was restricted to participants who self-completed the
EQ-5D measures at 6 and 12 months. It was consid-
ered necessary to remove participants for whom a proxy
EQ-5D report was obtained, as they were shown to have
a markedly different health profile compared to partici-
pants who self-completed all EQ-5Ds, reflected by them
having statistically significant lower 6 month Barthel
Index score (i.e. greater impairments in activities of daily
living; p < 0.001). Another reason for removing proxy
EQ-5D responses was that these can be divergent from
self-completed EQ-5D responses [29]. The inclusion of
the proxy responses might have led to a situation where
observed differences between 3 and 5L could partially be
driven by the proxy responses, with no sufficient possibil-
ity to distinguish this. Therefore, we regarded it as more
appropriate to focus on the responses directly provided
by patients. Ethical approval for the study was obtained
at the four OPERAM clinical sites. Ceiling effects
Th
i The proportion of participants who reported ‘no prob-
lems’ for each dimension of the 3L and the 5L was
assessed. We also examined the proportion of partici-
pants who reported no problems for all dimensions of 3L
and 5L (i.e. index scores of 1). McNemar’s test was used
to test whether there were statistically significant differ-
ences in ceiling effects between the measures for each
dimension [33]. A previous study of the general German
population found that approximately 39% of respond-
ents aged 70–79 years and 7.6% of respondents aged 80+
years reported ‘no problems’ for all 5 items of the EQ-
5D-5L [34]. Statistical analysis All psychometric analyses were restricted to participants
who self-completed all items of the 3L and 5L instru-
ments at 6 months and 12 months. Consistency and redistribution propertiesh y
p
p
The consistency of the EQ-5D at 6 months (i.e. first meas-
urement time point) was evaluated by cross-tabulating
within-participant 3L and 5L responses. An inconsistent
response was defined as a 5L response that was two or
more levels away from the corresponding 3L response
[6]. For example, an inconsistent response would be
established for a participant who reported level 1 (no
problems) using 3L but reported level 3 (some problems)
or worse for the same dimension using 5L. An excep-
tion to this rule was made for the mobility item. Here,
we considered responses from participants who reported
with the 3L some problems in walking about, and also
reported with the 5L being unable to walk about, to not
be inconsistent. This is because the 3L mobility item is
categorised into a person having “no problems in walk-
ing about”, “some problems in walking about” and being
“confined to bed”. Patients who report being unable to
walk about with the 5L, may not necessarily be confined
to bed and may therefore instead logically report having
“some problems in walking about” with the 3L.h The proportions of inconsistent responses for each of
the dimensions were computed. For consistent responses,
the redistribution properties of the 5L were also assessed
in the cross-tabulation. For example, we were able to
assess the redistribution of participants who reported
‘some problems’ for a 3L dimension, across the ‘some
problems’, ‘moderate problems’ and ‘severe problems’ lev-
els of the corresponding 5L dimension. Calculation of EQ‑5D scores To be consistent and because no equivalent value set
exists for Switzerland, we used German EQ-5D value
sets for all analyses. The German time trade-off value set
was used to calculate 3L scores (utilities) [30], and the
German cross-walk algorithm was used to calculate 5L
scores [31]. The German crosswalk algorithm maps 5L
responses onto the German 3L value set to calculate 5L
scores. Data collectionh dimensions of the 3L and 5L at baseline (6 month
responses) and follow-up (12 month responses) [26]. Vol-
ume and patterns of missing data for the 3L and the 5L
were assessed. We also calculated correlation coefficients
between the 3L and 5L index scores, between the 3L and
VAS, and between the 5L and VAS. A very high correla-
tion between the 3L and 5L index scores might indicate
the instruments produce similar results and imply that
they could be used interchangeably [32]. Descriptive statistics Descriptive statistics were calculated for the study sam-
ple, including participant characteristics and the dis-
tribution of participants across all of the levels and Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 5 of 17 Informativity
I f
i i Informativity of the EQ-5D-3L and the 5L measures
were assessed at 6 months using the Shannon index (H′)
and the Shannon evenness index (J′) [40]. H′ was calcu-
lated for each dimension of the 5L using the formula:
H′ = − (proportion_none*log2(proportion_none) + pro-
portion_some*log2(proportion_some) + proportion_
moderate*log2(proportion_moderate) + proportion_
severe*log2(proportion_severe) + proportion_extreme/
unable*log2(proportion_extreme/unable), and similarly
calculated for the 3L dimensions [21]. Higher H′ values
indicate that responses to the dimension are more evenly
spread across the different categories of the dimension,
and consequently suggest greater informativity. The for-
mula for the Shannon evenness index is: J′ = H′/H′max. The value of H’max for the 3L is log2(3) = 1.58 and for
the 5L is log2(5) = 2.32. Unlike H′ values, J′ values lie on
a common 0 to 1 scale allowing for direct comparison of
results from the 3L with the 5L. Responsiveness
Th The responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and 5L measures to
changes in the Barthel Index and the EQ-VAS over time
(i.e. between 6 and 12 months) was assessed by using an
anchor-based analysis [8]. The Barthel Index and EQ-VAS
were also secondary outcome measures in the OPERAM
trial [14], due to their perceived responsiveness in the
OPERAM population. The EQ-VAS is a visual analogue
scale measure of a person’s self-assessed health with sta-
tus ranging from 0 to 100 [37]. The ‘anchor’ measures
(Barthel Index and EQ-VAS) were each sub-divided into
three categories to reflect whether (1) the participant’s
score for the anchor measure improved clinically, (2)
did not change in a clinically important way, or (3) clini-
cally worsened between 6 and 12 months. The threshold
for a clinically important change was determined using a
literature-based minimal clinically important difference
(MCID) estimate of 8 points for the EQ-VAS [37], and
any change in the total score of the Barthel Index can be
considered clinically important [38]. Standardised effect
sizes (Cohen’s D) were calculated for changes in EQ-5D
scores between 6 and 12 months. Cohen’s D effect sizes
of between 0.2 and 0.5 were considered small, 0.5 and 0.8
moderate and > 0.8 large [39]. A high degree of respon-
siveness of the EQ-5D-3L/5L measures would be indi-
cated through their demonstrated ability to detect change
in the anchor measures, i.e. positive effect sizes (moder-
ate or large) for the EQ-5D when there is an improvement
in the anchor measure and negative effect sizes when
there is a worsening in the anchor measure. In our study,
both the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L were administered in
full, including their VAS parts that are introduced slightly Discriminant validityh differently. We assessed responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L
to change in the 3L-VAS measure, and responsiveness of
the EQ-5D-5L to change in the 5L-VAS measure, as we
observed differences between 3L-VAS responses and
5L-VAS responses elicited at the 6 month time point, in
15 out of the 224 participants in our sample (although we
observed no differences between 3L-VAS responses and
5L-VAS responses at the 6 month time point in 209 out
of the 224 participants, suggesting that broadly, the VAS
can still be considered a common anchor measure for our
analysis). The 3L-VAS and the 5L-VAS measures are for
all essential purposes, identical measures. y
The discriminant validity of the EQ-5D-3L and 5L was
assessed by computing Spearman’s rho between each
of the EQ-5D items, and the Barthel Index at 6 months
[33]. The Barthel Index is a measure of individual perfor-
mance in activities of daily living (ADLs) widely used in
the field of rehabilitation, consisting of 10 items. Barthel
Index scores range from 0 (indicating ‘total’ dependency
in ADLs) to 100 (indicating no dependency in ADLs)
[35]. Spearman’s rho effect sizes of between 0.20 and 0.35
were considered weak, between 0.35 and 0.50 moderate
and > 0.50 strong [33]. We assessed discriminant valid-
ity for the 3L and the 5L by testing the hypothesis that
Spearman’s rho for the EQ-5D anxiety/depression or
pain/discomfort items with the Barthel Index would be
lower than for the other EQ-5D items. This is because the
other EQ-5D items (mobility, self-care, usual activities)
measure functioning, thereby being expected to corre-
late better with the Barthel Index which measures ADL-
related functioning [36]. Descriptive statistics At the 6 months follow-up in the OPERAM study, 256
(83%) of patients reported the EQ-5D measures them-
selves, 45 (15%) had the EQ-5D measures reported by
proxy by their next of kin, and 8 (2%) had the EQ-5D
measures reported by proxy by some other individual
(unspecified). Of the 256 participants, 224 participants
also self-reported EQ-5D measures at 12 months, and
with full completion of all 3L and 5L items at 6 and
12 months. This sample of 224 participants was used
for all analyses and included participants who reported
inconsistent responses. Age, gender, education level and
comorbidity characteristics of the sample analysed for
this study, were broadly similar to the characteristics of
the overall OPERAM trial population (described in the
methods section). Summary statistics are provided in Table 1, showing
that 56% of participants were male, 28% were university
educated, the highest level of education was completed Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 6 of 17 Table 1 Summary statistics (n = 224)
SD standard deviation
a At OPERAM trial baseline
Variable
n
Mean
SD
Age (years)
224
77.5
5.35
Number of coexistent chronic conditionsa
224
11.5 (median = 10)
6.01
Number of medicationsa
224
9.3
3.34
Barthel Index 6 months
224
95.2
8.81
EQ-5D-3L index score 6 months
224
0.83
0.21
EQ-5D-3L index score 12 months
224
0.82
0.22
EQ-5D-5L index score 6 months
224
0.81
0.19
EQ-5D-5L index score 12 months
224
0.80
0.21
EQ-VAS score 6 months
224
69.9
15.71
Variable
n (%)
Gender (male)
126 (56.2%)
Highest level of education—university
62 (27.6%)
Highest level of education—high school
102 (45.5%)
Highest level of education—less than high school
59 (26.3%)
Highest level of education—not applicable/reported
1 (0.4%)
Spent some time in the 6 months before trial in nursing home
10 (4.4%)
Country of residence—Switzerland
55 (24.5%)
Country of residence—Ireland
48 (21.4%)
Country of residence—Belgium
58 (25.8%)
Country of residence—Netherlands
63 (28.1%) Table 1 Summary statistics (n = 224) pattern of change as indicated by 3L and 5L between the
two time points is broadly similar, there were important
differences. Notably, it was observed that for mobility
and anxiety/depression, the direction of change was dif-
ferent between 3 and 5L (positive for 3L and negative for
5L for both items; see Appendix Table 9). Consistency
d We assessed presence of inconsistent responses between
3 and 5L, i.e. 5L responses that differed by ≥ 2 levels with
the same person’s 3L response (highlighted in Appendix
Table 10). There were 28 (3%) inconsistent responses
between the 3L and 5L reported across items (7 (3%)
inconsistent responses for the mobility item, 4 (2%) for
the self-care item, 7 (3%) for the usual activities item, 4
(2%) for the pain/discomfort item and 4 (2%) for the anxi-
ety/depression item). The 28 inconsistent responses were
elicited from 26 participants in total. In this sample at 6 months, 41 unique health states were
represented using the EQ-5D-3L, and 99 states using the
EQ-5D-5L. Spearman’s rho at 6 months between the
3L and 5L index scores was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84 to 0.90),
between the 3L index scores and 3L-VAS was 0.41 (95%
CI: 0.30 to 0.52), and between the 5L index score and
5L-VAS was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.32 to 0.54). Missing data was similar between both instruments
(see footnotes of Appendix Tables 7 and 8). With both the 3L and 5L, it was observed that there
was a small reduction between the 6 and 12 month time
points in the rate of participants reporting "no prob-
lems" in their ability to undertake usual activities [from
73 to 68% with the 3L (Appendix Table 7), and from
64 to 61% with the 5L (Appendix Table 8)]. There were
no statistically significant changes at the 5% level in
responses between 6 and 12 months, for any of the 3L
and 5L dimensions (Appendix Tables 7 and 8). Whilst the Descriptive statistics high school for 46% of participants, 26% of participants
did not complete high school and 5% had spent some
time in the 6 months before the trial started living in a
nursing home. The average participant was experiencing
a median of 10 coexistent chronic conditions upon enter-
ing the OPERAM trial. A small index score reduction of
0.01 (rounded) was observed between 6 and 12 months
for both the 3L and 5L. Validity For discriminant validity, we assessed the correlation
between the EQ-5D items and Barthel Index (Table 3). There were no statistically significant differences at the
5% level between the 3L and 5L items, in terms of how
correlated they were with the Barthel Index (absence of
statistically significant differences was demonstrated
from all 95% confidence intervals for the 3L items over-
lapping with the 95% confidence intervals for the cor-
responding 5L items). Although the difference was not
statistically significant, it is observed that the negative
correlation between the mobility domain and the Barthel Both the 3L and 5L demonstrated some degree
of responsiveness to changes in the VAS from 6 to
12 months (Table 5). Compared with each other, both
3L and 5L measures demonstrated similar responsive-
ness to changes in the VAS. There was a small positive
improvement in 3L and 5L scores as the patient’s VAS
scores improved. This improvement in the overall sam-
ple appeared to be driven by improvements in 3L and
5L scores in the Netherlands and Ireland (Appendix
Tables 17, 18). However, there was no statistically signifi-
cant change in in 3L and 5L scores for the patients whose
VAS scores worsened from 6 to 12 months. Table 2 Percentage of patients with a ceiling effect
for
each
dimension
of
the
completed
EQ-5D-3L
and EQ-5D-5L instruments and for the overall measures
at 6 months (n = 224) Table 2 Percentage of patients with a ceiling effect
for
each
dimension
of
the
completed
EQ-5D-3L
and EQ-5D-5L instruments and for the overall measures
at 6 months (n = 224) *Probability values presented in italic indicate significant decreases in ceiling
effects from using the EQ-5D-5L measure compared with the EQ-5D-3L measure
(calculated using McNemar’s test)
EQ-5D dimension
EQ-5D-3L (%)
EQ-5D-5L (%)
p values*
Mobility
50.8
39.2
< 0.001
Self-care
84.3
83.4
0.48
Usual activities
72.7
63.8
< 0.001
Pain/discomfort
50.4
44.6
0.002
Anxiety/depression
83.4
79.0
0.003
Index score
29.4
22.3
< 0.001 EQ-5D dimension
EQ-5D-3L (%)
EQ-5D-5L (%)
p values* Responsiveness
142
ti i
t 142 participants (64%) reported no change in their total
Barthel Index score between 6 and 12 months. Respon-
siveness analysis demonstrated both EQ-5D measures
were responsive to changes in the Barthel Index from 6
to 12 months (Table 4). Evidence of responsiveness of
both measures to changes in the Barthel Index, was dem-
onstrated both in the overall sample (Table 4), as well
as in each of the country-specific subgroups (Appen-
dix Tables 11, 12, 13, 14). Furthermore, compared to
each other, both 3L and 5L measures were similar in
their responsiveness to changes in the Barthel Index. For both the 3L and 5L, Cohen’s D effect sizes changed
from a moderate positive effect when the Barthel Index
improved to a small negative effect when the Barthel
Index worsened. Ceiling effects A high presence of ceiling effect was observed for the
self-care item for both instruments (84% of participants
reported "no problems" for self-care with the EQ-5D-3L
and 83% with the EQ-5D-5L). There was a substantially
higher degree of ceiling effect with the EQ-5D-3L index
score (29%) than with the EQ-5D-5L index score (22%), Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 7 of 17 index was larger in magnitude for the 5L. We found that
out of all items of the 3L and 5L, the pain/discomfort and
anxiety/depression items had the weakest correlation
with the Barthel Index. which was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001)
(Table 2). For comparison, 4 participants (2%) reported a VAS
score of 100 at 6 months (indicating they have the ‘best
health they can imagine’). All 4 of these participants also
reported full health with both the 3L and 5L at 6 months. 81 participants (36%) reported a Barthel Index score of
100 at 6 months (indicating they have no dependency in
ADLs). Of these, 58 participants reported full health with
the 3L, and 44 participants reported full health with the
5L at 6 months. b Higher EQ-5D item score indicates worse health problems; higher EQ-5D index score indicates better health Informativity Shannon’s evenness indices indicated that the 3L and
5L were informative for mobility, usual activities and
pain/discomfort dimensions, although less informa-
tive for self-care and anxiety/depression dimensions
(Table 6). The EQ-5D-3L was slightly more informative *Probability values presented in italic indicate significant decreases in ceiling
effects from using the EQ-5D-5L measure compared with the EQ-5D-3L measure
(calculated using McNemar’s test) *Probability values presented in italic indicate significant decreases in ceiling
effects from using the EQ-5D-5L measure compared with the EQ-5D-3L measure
(calculated using McNemar’s test) Table 3 Correlation coefficients of dimensions of the EQ-5D measures with the Barthel Index (n = 224)
CI confidence interval
a Spearman’s rho effect sizes of between 0.20 and 0.35 are considered weak, between 0.35 and 0.50 moderate, > 0.50 strong
b Higher EQ-5D item score indicates worse health problems; higher EQ-5D index score indicates better health
Dimension
RS between 3L and Barthel
Indexa,b
95% CI
RS between 5L and Barthel
Indexa,b
95% CI
Mobility
− 0.37
− 0.48 to − 0.25
− 0.42
− 0.52 to − 0.30
Selfcare
− 0.57
− 0.65 to − 0.48
− 0.58
− 0.66 to − 0.48
Usual activities
− 0.45
− 0.55 to − 0.34
− 0.42
− 0.52 to − 0.31
Pain/discomfort
− 0.15
− 0.27 to − 0.02
− 0.16
− 0.28 to − 0.03
Anxiety/depression
− 0.14
− 0.27 to − 0.01
− 0.13
− 0.26 to − 0.003 cients of dimensions of the EQ-5D measures with the Barthel Index (n = 224) ble 3 Correlation coefficients of dimensions of the EQ-5D measures with the Barthel Index (n = 224) Spearmans rho effect sizes of between 0.20 and 0.35 are considered weak, between 0.35 and 0.50 moderate, > 0.50 strong
b Higher EQ-5D item score indicates worse health problems; higher EQ-5D index score indicates better health Bhadhuri et al. Informativity This shows that more of the
descriptive space of the 3L is used. Both the EQ-5D-3L
and EQ-5D-5L exhibited discriminant validity with the
Barthel Index; which was also found in a previous study
[36]. Missing data occurrence at 12 months was also
similar between the two measures. Almost all miss-
ing data resulted from participants not being available
at 12 months to provide necessary information for sec-
ondary outcome measures of the main OPERAM trial
through telephone interview (e.g. due to trial drop-out),
and should not be considered reflective of the perfor-
mance of the EQ-5D measures themselves. with respect to self-care (EQ-5D-3L J′ = 0.48; EQ-5D-5L
J′ = 0.42), and the EQ-5D-5L was substantially more
informative with respect to mobility (EQ-5D-3L J′ = 0.69;
EQ-5D-5L J′ = 0.86). Informativity Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 8 of 17 Table 4 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index
(n = 224)
a Cohen’s D effect sizes of between 0.2 and 0.5 are considered small, 0.5 and 0.8 moderate and > 0.8 large
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
EQ-5D-3L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-3L
at 12 months
(mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-3L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)a
n
% reporting 3L
score increase
Barthel Index
Improved
0.68
0.83
0.16 (0.07 to 0.25)
0.66**
31
55
No change
0.89
0.87
− 0.02 (− 0.05 to 0.02)
− 0.09
142
25
Worsened
0.74
0.66
− 0.08 (− 0.16 to 0.00)
− 0.30*
50
28
EQ-5D-5L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-5L
at 12 months
(mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-5L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)
n
% reporting 5L
score increase
Barthel Index
Improved
0.68
0.81
0.13 (0.07 to 0.20)
0.66***
31
59
No change
0.87
0.86
− 0.01 (− 0.04 to 0.02)
− 0.05
142
32
Worsened
0.73
0.65
− 0.09 (− 0.14 to − 0.03)
− 0.36**
50
32 Table 4 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to c
(n = 224) Table 4 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index
(n = 224)ff Table 4 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index
(
224) e EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index Table 5 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS (n = 224)
MCID minimal clinically important change
a Cohen’s D effect sizes of between 0.2 and 0.5 are considered small, 0.5 and 0.8 moderate and > 0.8 large
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01
EQ-5D-3L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-3L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-3L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)
n
% reporting 3L
score increase
3L-VAS
Improved
0.80
0.88
0.08 (0.02 to 0.14)
0.40*
52
44
No MCID
0.85
0.81
− 0.04 (− 0.10 to 0.01)
− 0.19
101
30
Worsened
0.81
0.79
− 0.02 (− 0.06 to 0.02)
− 0.07
71
21
EQ-5D-5L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-5L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-5L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)
N
% reporting 5L
score increase
5L-VAS
Improved
0.78
0.84
0.06 (0.01 to 0.10)
0.31*
55
45
No MCID
0.83
0.81
− 0.03 (− 0.07 to 0.02)
− 0.13
98
36
Worsened
0.80
0.78
− 0.02 (− 0.06 to 0.02)
− 0.11
71
28 responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS (n = 224) ble 5 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the V a Cohen’s D effect sizes of between 0.2 and 0.5 are considered small, 0.5 and 0.8 moderate and > 0.8 large a Cohen’s D effect sizes of between 0.2 and 0.5 are considered small, 0.5 and 0.8 moderate and > 0.8 large
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 health states out of a possible 243 states (17%), and the
EQ-5D-5L represented 99 unique health states out of a
possible 3,125 states (3%). Discussion We were able to carry out a robust assess-
ment of responsiveness through analysis of a sample of
224 participants who we assessed over a 6-month follow-
up period. We assessed responsiveness within a clinical
trial, and observed for our sub-sample, only a very small
reduction in 3L and 5L scores between 6 and 12 months. The findings of our study may to an extent be relevant to
other clinical trials during which small changes in health
are occurring (particularly in trials with a similar popu-
lation to our own), and inform the decision of whether
to select the 3L or 5L in such trials. A limitation of our
study is that we only investigated responsiveness of the
instruments to changes in the Barthel Index and the EQ-
VAS. Investigation of responsiveness of the instruments
to other variables predicted to correlate with HRQoL in
older multimorbid patients would have been desirable
but these were not available. In our analyses, we assessed
responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L to change in the 3L-VAS
measure, and responsiveness of the EQ-5D-5L to change
in the 5L-VAS measure. We did this to prevent results
from being biased in favour of one instrument over the
other. This was due to our concern that an “order effect”
might be induced [45], in which 5L-VAS responses were
influenced by responding to the EQ-5D-5L directly
beforehand and 3L-VAS responses were influenced by
responding to the EQ-5D-3L directly beforehand. Consistent with most other studies [16, 41, 42] includ-
ing an assessment of the subgroup of multimorbid
patients in a study by Thompson et al. [11], in our sam-
ple we observed a reduction in ceiling effects from using
the EQ-5D-5L (22%) compared to the EQ-5D-3L (29%). The EQ-5D-5L therefore appears to better capture vari-
ability in health status among those who have a high level
of health, compared with the EQ-5D-3L. Also consist-
ent with all the studies identified in a systematic review
by Buchholz et al. in 2018 [16] was our finding of an
overall improvement in informativity from using the 5L
compared to the 3L. This was the consequence of a sub-
stantially higher Shannon evenness index score for the
mobility item of the 5L compared with the 3L; which
was also observed in a study of multimorbid adults by
Thompson et al. [11]. Discussion In this study, we investigated the measurement proper-
ties of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in older adults with
substantial multimorbidity. From our analyses, we found
a low proportion of inconsistent responses between the
EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L, which was also found in the
majority of previous studies comparing the 3L and 5L
[16]. This indicates 5L responses distribute logically with
the 3L responses. The EQ-5D-3L represented 41 unique Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 9 of 17 Table 6 Shannon’s index (H′) and Shannon’s evenness index (J′) values for EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L measures at 6 months
Dimension
3L
5L
No. of patients
H′
J′
No. of patients
H′
J′
Mobility
224
1.09
0.69
224
1.99
0.86
Self-care
224
0.75
0.48
224
0.96
0.42
Usual activities
224
0.94
0.59
224
1.51
0.65
Pain/discomfort
224
1.27
0.80
224
1.85
0.80
Anxiety/depression
224
0.73
0.46
224
1.05
0.45 Table 6 Shannon’s index (H′) and Shannon’s evenness index (J′) values for EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L measures at 6 months Table 6 Shannon’s index (H′) and Shannon’s evenness index (J′) values for EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L Table 6 Shannon’s index (H′) and Shannon’s evenness index (J′) values for EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L measures at 6 months ues for EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L measures at 6 mon be because the VAS measures a broader underlying con-
struct of health, whereas the Barthel Index is a disability-
specific measure. Feng et al. also previously observed a
weak correlation between EQ-VAS change scores with 5L
change scores [44]. We observed high rates of ‘no problems’ with 3L and
5L self-care and anxiety/depression items, which could
suggest that the EQ-5D description of levels excludes the
type of self-care or anxiety/depression problems encoun-
tered by the patient population studied. Alternatively, it
may be the case that patients genuinely do not have such
problems, or that care settings are working well to enable
self-care. g
[
]
This is the first study to investigate measurement prop-
erties of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in older adults
with substantial multimorbidity, through a head-to-
head comparison. The 5L and 3L were not administered
directly after each other, which probably reduced the
possibility of a patient’s 3L response being directly influ-
enced by the 5L response immediately beforehand. Fur-
ther separation was not possible given the set-up of the
OPERAM trial. Competing interests
h
h
d
l
h The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Both the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L demonstrated sat-
isfactory performance in this study, thus justifying their
use as measures for HRQoL studies and cost-utility
analyses of older people with multimorbidity. However,
prominent guidelines recommend to use the EQ-5D-5L
consistently across all diseases and populations [2], and
the overall consensus of the literature comparing the
measurement properties of the 3L and 5L in different
patient populations, is that the 5L exhibits better meas-
urement properties compared to the 3L [16]. Neverthe-
less, it also needs to be considered that the 3L may be
considered slightly less burdensome to complete than
the 5L due to having fewer response options. Also,
when compared to the 5L the appropriate value sets for
the 3L are currently available more widely. Funding Data collection for this study was supported by the European Union’s Horizon
2020 research and innovation program under the grant agreement No. 6342388, and by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Inno-
vation (SERI) under contract number 15.0137. Personnel funding to Dr Arjun
Bhadhuri for the conduct of data analysis for this study was provided by the
University of Basel Research Fund. Another possible limitation is that we decided to use
the German crosswalk method to calculate 5L scores
instead of the German 5L value set. We did this because
using the crosswalk method instead of a national value
set is still a recognized standard in some major guide-
lines for calculating 5L scores for economic evaluations
[2], indicating this is currently best practice. The impli-
cations of this decision on the results from our study
are not known. Author details
1 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Medicine (ECPM), University of Basel, Basel, Swit-
zerland. 2 Academic Unit for Health Economics, Institute for Health Sciences,
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. 3 Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM),
University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 4 Institut de Recherche Santé et Société,
Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. 5 Pharmaceutical Care
Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. 6 Department of Geriatric Medicine and Expertise Centre Pharmacotherapy
in Old Persons, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht,
The Netherlands. 7 Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern
University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 8 CTU Bern, University
of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 9 Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), School
of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. Discussion However, informativity in our study
was higher on the 3L than with the 5L for self-care. g
We observed similar responsiveness to change over
time for the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L. Several studies
evaluating responsiveness have reported an improve-
ment in responsiveness from using the EQ-5D-5L com-
pared with the EQ-5D-3L [21–23], but other studies have
reported either no difference in responsiveness [24, 25] or
a reduced responsiveness from using the EQ-5D-5L com-
pared with the EQ-5D-3L [26]. Given the mixed findings
across these responsiveness studies, there is currently
no clear evidence that using the 5L instead of the 3L to
collect utility data for economic evaluations, will lead
to systemically different incremental QALY estimates. This contrasts with the notion by Hernandez-Alava et al. (2018), that using the 5L instead of the 3L will lead to sys-
temically lower estimates of incremental QALYs [43]. In
our study, both the 3L and 5L were more responsive to
the Barthel Index than they were to the VAS. This may Furthermore, as the sample size of proxy EQ-5D
responses gathered was too small, and the participants
from whom proxy responses were elicited had more Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 10 of 17 We conclude that both the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L
exhibit a reasonably high level of performance for
measuring the health of older adults with substantial
multimorbidity and associated polypharmacy and who
display the ability to self-complete the questionnaires. physical health impairments than self-reporting partici-
pants, we removed proxy responders from our analyses. It
was not feasible under these circumstances to investigate
the measurement properties of proxy EQ-5D responses
for older multimorbid adults. However, a separate analysis
comparing the patient and proxy responses that we col-
lected is planned for a future publication. Another limita-
tion was that there may be country differences but that,
given the sample size and the heterogeneity of the sam-
ple, these could be confirmed or assessed in detail. Larger
studies would be required for this. Furthermore, our sam-
ple presented with a notably large number of multi-mor-
bidities (mean of 11.5; median of 10 concurrent chronic
conditions); hence, caution in generalising our results to
older adults with fewer comorbidities should be exercised. Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Marie Roumet for efficiently providing the dataset for this
study. The EQ-5D instruments were used by permission of the EuroQoL group. Author contributions AB undertook study design, data analysis, and manuscript write up. MS and
PK undertook study design. All authors contributed to interpretation of results
and editing the manuscript. Consent for publication
Not applicable. Not applicable. Availability of data and materialsi The data that support the findings of this study are available from CTU Bern,
University of Bern but restrictions apply to the availability of these data,
which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly
available. Data are however available from the authors if reasonable request is
provided and permission of CTU Bern, University of Bern is granted. Ethics approval and consent to participate One potential area of future research is to compare
test–retest reliability of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-
5D-5L. Investigation of this property was beyond the
scope of this study and few prior studies comparing the
EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L have investigated this prop-
erty, which relates to how strongly correlated repeated
EQ-5D scores are [16, 46]. The local Ethics Committees in Switzerland, Ireland, The Netherlands, and
Belgium approved this study. See Tables 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18. **At 12 months, 224 participants self-reported the EQ-5D-3L in full; 19 provided no response to 3L; 13 had 3L proxy reported by next of kin for trend across ordered groups developed by Cuzick [47]. We used this to test for differences between 6 and 12 months in responses for Appendix See Tables 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18. See Tables 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18. Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 11 of 17 Table 7 Descriptive statistics: reported level of problem by dimensions in EQ-5D-3L
*Non-parametric test for trend across ordered groups developed by Cuzick [47]. We used this to test for differences between 6 and 12 months in responses for each
EQ-5D-3L item
**At 12 months, 224 participants self-reported the EQ-5D-3L in full; 19 provided no response to 3L; 13 had 3L proxy reported by next of kin
Dimension
6 months n (%)
%
12 months n (%)
%
p value*
Mobility
No problems
114
50.8
112
50.0
0.74
Some problems
107
47.7
106
47.3
Confined to bed
3
1.3
6
2.7
ANY problem
110
49.0
112
50.0
Self-care
No problems
189
84.3
183
81.7
0.45
Some problems
26
11.6
31
13.8
Unable to wash/dress
9
4.0
10
4.4
ANY problem
35
15.6
41
18.2
Usual activities
No problems
163
72.7
152
67.8
0.21
Some problems
57
25.4
63
28.1
Unable to perform
4
1.7
9
4.0
ANY problem
61
27.1
72
32.1
Pain/discomfort
No pain/discomfort
113
50.4
122
54.4
0.38
Moderate pain/discomfort
97
43.3
90
40.1
Extreme pain/discomfort
14
6.2
12
5.3
ANY problem
111
49.5
102
45.4
Anxiety/depression
Not anxious or depressed
187
83.4
182
81.2
0.54
Moderately anxious/depressed
33
14.7
38
16.9
Extremely anxious/depressed
4
1.7
4
1.7
ANY problem
37
16.4
42
18.6
No problem on all dimensions
66
29.4
66
29.4 Table 7 Descriptive statistics: reported level of problem by dimensions in EQ-5D-3L Bhadhuri et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 12 of 17 Table 8 Descriptive statistics: reported level of problem by dimensions in EQ-5D-5L
*Non-parametric test for trend across ordered groups developed by Cuzick [47]. **At 12 months, 226 participants self-reported the EQ-5D-5L in full; 15 provided no response to 5L, 14 had 5L proxy reported by next of kin; 1 partially reported the 5L
by responding only to the 5L usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression items rend across ordered groups developed by Cuzick [47]. We used this to test for differences between 6 and 12 months in responses for each *Non-parametric test for trend across ordered groups developed by Cuzick [47]. We used this to test for differences between 6 and 12 months in responses for each
EQ 5D 5L it on-parametric test for trend across ordered groups developed by Cuzick [47]. We used this to test for differences between 6 and 12 month
5D-5L item Appendix Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 13 of 17 Table 9 “Any” problem rates reported using 3L / 5L at 6 and 12 months (%)
6 months 3L
12 months 3L
Change in rate
(3L) %
6 months 5L
12 months 5L
Change
in rate (5L)
%
Mobility
49.1
50.0
0.9
60.7
59.8
− 0.9
Self-care
15.6
18.3
2.7
16.5
21.0
4.5
Usual activities
27.2
32.1
4.9
36.2
39.3
3.1
Pain/discomfort
49.6
45.5
− 4.0
55.4
50.4
− 4.9
Anxiety/depression
16.5
18.8
2.2
21.0
20.5
− 0.4
Table 10 Cross-tabulation of 3L and 5L responses at 6 months (n = 224)
3L
5L
Mobility
No problems
Some problems
Moderate problems
Severe problems
Unable
No problems
85
25
4
0
0
Some problems
3
35
40
27
2
Confined to bed
0
0
0
0
3
3L
5L
Self-care
No problems
Some problems
Moderate problems
Severe problems
Unable
No problems
184
5
0
0
0
Some problems
3
10
7
6
0
Unable
0
0
1
1
7
3L
5L
Usual activities
No problems
Some problems
Moderate problems
Severe problems
Unable
No problems
142
15
6
0
0
Some problems
1
20
28
8
0
Unable
0
0
0
2
2
3L
5L
Pain/discomfort
No problems
Some problems
Moderate problems
Severe problems
Extreme
None
98
13
2
0
0
Moderate
2
33
47
15
0
Extreme
0
0
0
14
0
3L
5L
Anxiety/depression
No problems
Some problems
Moderate problems
Severe problems
Extreme
None
176
11
0
0
0
Moderate
1
17
11
2
2 Table 9 “Any” problem rates reported using 3L / 5L at 6 and 12 months (%) Table 10 Cross-tabulation of 3L and 5L responses at 6 months (n = 224)
*Bold values represent inconsistent responses. An inconsistent response was defined as an EQ-5D-5L response which was two or more levels away from the
respondent’s EQ-5D-3L response. An exception to this rule was made for the mobility item. Here, we considered responses from participants who reported with the 3L
some problems in walking about, and also reported with the 5L being unable to walk about, to not be inconsistent. This is because the 3L mobility item is categorised
into a person having “no problems in walking about”, “some problems in walking about” and being “confined to bed”. Appendix People who report being unable to walk about
with the 5L, may not necessarily be confined to bed and may therefore instead logically report having “some problems in walking about” with the 3L
3L
5L
Mobility
No problems
Some problems
Moderate problems
Severe problems
Unable
No problems
85
25
4
0
0
Some problems
3
35
40
27
2
Confined to bed
0
0
0
0
3
3L
5L
Self-care
No problems
Some problems
Moderate problems
Severe problems
Unable
No problems
184
5
0
0
0
Some problems
3
10
7
6
0
Unable
0
0
1
1
7
3L
5L
Usual activities
No problems
Some problems
Moderate problems
Severe problems
Unable
No problems
142
15
6
0
0
Some problems
1
20
28
8
0
Unable
0
0
0
2
2
3L
5L
Pain/discomfort
No problems
Some problems
Moderate problems
Severe problems
Extreme
None
98
13
2
0
0
Moderate
2
33
47
15
0
Extreme
0
0
0
14
0
3L
5L
Anxiety/depression
No problems
Some problems
Moderate problems
Severe problems
Extreme
None
176
11
0
0
0
Moderate
1
17
11
2
2
Extreme
0
0
1
3
0 Table 10 Cross-tabulation of 3L and 5L responses at 6 months (n = 224) *Bold values represent inconsistent responses. An inconsistent response was defined as an EQ-5D-5L response which was two or more levels away from the
respondent’s EQ-5D-3L response. An exception to this rule was made for the mobility item. Here, we considered responses from participants who reported with the 3L
some problems in walking about, and also reported with the 5L being unable to walk about, to not be inconsistent. This is because the 3L mobility item is categorised
into a person having “no problems in walking about”, “some problems in walking about” and being “confined to bed”. People who report being unable to walk about
with the 5L, may not necessarily be confined to bed and may therefore instead logically report having “some problems in walking about” with the 3L *Bold values represent inconsistent responses. An inconsistent response was defined as an EQ-5D-5L response which was two or more levels away from the
respondent’s EQ-5D-3L response. An exception to this rule was made for the mobility item. Appendix We used this to test for differences between 6 and 12 months in responses for each
EQ-5D-5L item
**At 12
th
226
ti i
t
lf
t d th EQ 5D 5L i f ll 15
id d
t 5L 14 h d 5L
t d b
t f ki
1
ti ll
t d th 5L
Dimension
6 months n
%
12 months n
%
p value*
Mobility
No problems
88
39.2
90
40.1
0.87
Slight problems
60
26.7
49
21.8
Moderate problems
44
19.6
56
25.0
Severe problems
27
12.0
24
10.7
Unable to walk around
5
2.2
5
2.2
ANY problem
136
60.5
134
59.7
Self-care
No problems
187
83.4
177
79.0
0.21
Slight problems
15
6.7
14
6.2
Moderate problems
8
3.5
18
8.0
Severe problems
7
3.1
6
2.6
Unable to wash or dress
7
3.1
9
4.0
ANY problem
37
16.5
47
21.0
Usual activities
No problems
143
63.8
136
60.7
0.36
Slight problems
35
15.6
32
14.2
Moderate problems
34
15.1
40
17.8
Severe problems
10
4.4
10
4.4
Unable to do usual activities
2
0.8
6
2.6
ANY problem
81
36.2
88
39.3
Pain/discomfort
No pain/discomfort
100
44.6
111
49.5
0.50
Slight pain/discomfort
46
20.5
37
16.5
Moderate pain/discomfort
49
21.8
47
20.9
Severe pain/discomfort
29
12.9
26
11.6
Extreme pain/discomfort
0
0.0
3
1.3
ANY problem
124
55.4
113
50.4
Anxiety/depression
Not anxious or depressed
177
79.0
178
79.4
0.92
Slightly anxious/depressed
28
12.5
26
11.6
Moderately anxious/depressed
12
5.3
13
5.8
Severely anxious/depressed
5
2.2
6
2.6
Extremely anxious/depressed
2
0.8
1
0.4
ANY problem
47
21.0
46
20.5
No problem on all dimensions
50
22.3
49
21.9 Table 8 Descriptive statistics: reported level of problem by dimensions in EQ-5D-5L Bhadhuri et al. Appendix Here, we considered responses from participants who reported with the 3L
some problems in walking about, and also reported with the 5L being unable to walk about, to not be inconsistent. This is because the 3L mobility item is categorised
into a person having “no problems in walking about”, “some problems in walking about” and being “confined to bed”. People who report being unable to walk about
with the 5L, may not necessarily be confined to bed and may therefore instead logically report having “some problems in walking about” with the 3L Bhadhuri et al. Appendix Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 14 of 17 Table 11 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index,
for the subgroup in Switzerland
a Cohen’s D effect sizes of between 0.2 and 0.5 are considered small, 0.5 and 0.8 moderate and > 0.8 large
*p < 0.05
EQ-5D-3L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-3L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-3L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)a
n
% reporting 3L
score increase
Barthel Index
Improved
0.41
0.79
0.38 (0.04 to 0.71)
1.63*
4
100
No change
0.93
0.89
− 0.03 (− 0.10 to 0.02)
− 0.23
39
15
Worsened
0.84
0.70
− 0.13 (− 0.30 to 0.02)
− 0.54
12
17
EQ-5D-5L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-5L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-5L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)
n
% reporting 5L
score increase
Barthel Index
Improved
0.40
0.73
0.32 (0.01 to 0.63)
1.49
4
100
No change
0.91
0.90
− 0.01 (− 0.05 to 0.02)
− 0.11
39
15
Worsened
0.78
0.71
− 0.06 (− 0.20 to 0.07)
− 0.28
12
33 Table 11 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to ch
for the subgroup in Switzerland Table 11 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index,
for the subgroup in Switzerland Table 11 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index,
f
th
b
i S it
l
d e EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index, Q-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Ind Table 12 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index,
for the subgroup in Belgium
a Cohen’s D effect sizes of between 0.2 and 0.5 are considered small, 0.5 and 0.8 moderate and > 0.8 large
EQ-5D-3L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-3L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-3L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)a
n
% reporting 3L
score increase
Barthel Index
Improved
0.54
0.67
0.12 (− 0.21 to 0.45)
0.34
5
40
No change
0.84
0.84
0.00 (− 0.04 to 0.03)
0.00
37
22
Worsened
0.80
0.67
− 0.13 (− 0.29 to 0.03)
− 0.65
15
20
EQ-5D-5L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-5L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-5L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)
n
% reporting 5L
score increase
Barthel Index
Improved
0.63
0.64
0.01 (− 0.09 to 0.11)
0.07
5
20
No change
0.81
0.81
0.00 (− 0.03 to 0.03)
0.00
37
38
Worsened
0.75
0.63
− 0.11 (− 0.24 to 0.01)
− 0.67
15
33 Table 12 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index,
for the subgroup in Belgium of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index,
lgium Table 12 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes
for the subgroup in Belgium Table 13 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index,
for the subgroup in Netherlands
a Cohen’s D effect sizes of between 0.2 and 0.5 are considered small, 0.5 and 0.8 moderate and > 0.8 large
EQ-5D-3L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-3L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-3L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)a
n
% reporting 3L
score increase
Barthel Index
Improved
0.79
0.88
0.09 (0.00 to 0.18)
0.58
11
55
No change
0.87
0.90
0.02 (− 0.01 to 0.07)
0.22
37
41
Worsened
0.69
0.63
− 0.03 (− 0.13 to 0.07)
− 0.10
15
40
EQ-5D-5L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-5L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-5L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)
n
% reporting 5L
score increase
Barthel Index
Improved
0.73
0.85
0.12 (0.02 to 0.22)
0.78
11
64
No change
0.84
0.87
0.03 (− 0.01 to 0.08)
0.21
37
43
Worsened
0.68
0.62
− 0.06 (− 0.15 to 0.03)
− 0.21
15
27 nt of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Inde
Netherlands Table 13 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes
for the subgroup in Netherlands Bhadhuri et al. a Cohen’s D effect sizes of between 0.2 and 0.5 are considered small, 0.5 and 0.8 moderate and > 0.8 large Appendix Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 16 of 17 Table 17 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS,
for the subgroup in Netherlands
a Cohen’s D effect sizes of between 0.2 and 0.5 are considered small, 0.5 and 0.8 moderate and > 0.8 large. References References
1. Drummond F. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care
programmes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005. 2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Guide to the methods
of technology appraisal 2013 2013. https://www.nice.org.uk/article/
pmg9/chapter/foreword. 3. Devlin NJ, Brooks R. EQ-5D and the EuroQol group: past, present and
future. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2017;15(2):127–37. 4. Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, Janssen M, Kind P, Parkin D, et al. Develop-
ment and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D
(EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res. 2011;20(10):1727–36. 5. Streiner DL, Norman GR. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to
their development and use. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008. 6. Conner-Spady BL, Marshall DA, Bohm E, Dunbar MJ, Loucks L, Al Khudairy
A, et al. Reliability and validity of the EQ-5D-5L compared to the EQ-
5D-3L in patients with osteoarthritis referred for hip and knee replace-
ment. Qual Life Res. 2015;24(7):1775–84. References
1. Drummond F. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care
programmes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005. 2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Guide to the methods
of technology appraisal 2013 2013. https://www.nice.org.uk/article/
pmg9/chapter/foreword. 3. Devlin NJ, Brooks R. EQ-5D and the EuroQol group: past, present and
future. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2017;15(2):127–37. 4. Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, Janssen M, Kind P, Parkin D, et al. Develop-
ment and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D
(EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res. 2011;20(10):1727–36. 5. Streiner DL, Norman GR. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to
their development and use. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008. 6. Conner-Spady BL, Marshall DA, Bohm E, Dunbar MJ, Loucks L, Al Khudairy
A, et al. Reliability and validity of the EQ-5D-5L compared to the EQ-
5D-3L in patients with osteoarthritis referred for hip and knee replace-
ment. Qual Life Res. 2015;24(7):1775–84. 11. Thompson AJ, Turner AJ. A comparison of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L. Pharmacoeconomics. 2020;38:575–91. 12. Agborsangaya CB, Lahtinen M, Cooke T, Johnson JA. Comparing the
EQ-5D 3L and 5L: measurement properties and association with chronic
conditions and multimorbidity in the general population. Health Qual
Life Outcomes. 2014;12:74. 6. Conner-Spady BL, Marshall DA, Bohm E, Dunbar MJ, Loucks L, Al Khudairy
A, et al. Reliability and validity of the EQ-5D-5L compared to the EQ-
5D-3L in patients with osteoarthritis referred for hip and knee replace-
ment. Qual Life Res. 2015;24(7):1775–84. 13. Appendix Health Qual Life Outcomes (2020) 18:317 Page 15 of 17 Table 14 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index,
for the subgroup in Ireland
a Cohen’s D effect sizes of between 0.2 and 0.5 are considered small, 0.5 and 0.8 moderate and > 0.8 large
EQ-5D-3L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-3L
at 12 months
(mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-3L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)a
n
% reporting 3L
score increase
Barthel Index
Improved
0.71
0.87
0.15 (− 0.05 to 0.36)
0.74
11
45
No change
0.90
0.84
− 0.05 (0.18 to 0.06)
− 0.25
29
24
Worsened
0.57
0.57
0.00 (− 0.29 to 0.29)
0.00
8
38
EQ-5D-5L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-5L
at 12 months
(mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-5L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)
n
% reporting 5L
score increase
Barthel Index
Improved
0.73
0.86
0.12 (− 0.01 to 0.26)
0.61
11
55
No change
0.89
0.83
− 0.05 (− 0.16 to 0.05)
− 0.25
29
31
Worsened
0.69
0.59
− 0.09 (− 0.30 to 0.10)
− 0.35
8
38 Table 14 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to c
for the subgroup in Ireland Table 14 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index,
for the subgroup in Ireland
EQ 5D 3L
EQ 5D 3L
Diff
b
12
Eff
i
%
i
3L Table 14 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index,
for the subgroup in Ireland e EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the Barthel Index, Table 15 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS,
for the subgroup in Switzerland
a Cohen’s D effect sizes of between 0.2 and 0.5 are considered small, 0.5 and 0.8 moderate and > 0.8 large
EQ-5D-3L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-3L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-3L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)a
n
% reporting 3L
score increase
3L-VAS
Improved
0.92
0.93
0.01 (− 0.03 to 0.05)
0.15
10
30
No change
0.87
0.81
− 0.06 (− 0.19 to 0.07)
− 0.22
25
24
Worsened
0.85
0.84
− 0.01 (− 0.08 to 0.06)
− 0.06
20
15
EQ-5D-5L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-5L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-5L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)
n
% reporting 5L
score increase
5L-VAS
Improved
0.90
0.91
0.01 (− 0.02 to 0.04)
0.14
10
30
No change
0.83
0.81
− 0.02 (− 0.10 to 0.07)
− 0.06
25
28
Worsened
0.84
0.85
0.01 (− 0.06 to 0.08)
0.05
20
20 Table 15 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS,
for the subgroup in Switzerland of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS,
itzerland Table 15 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to c
for the subgroup in Switzerland Table 16 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS,
for the subgroup in Belgium
a Cohen’s D effect sizes of between 0.2 and 0.5 are considered small, 0.5 and 0.8 moderate and > 0.8 large
EQ-5D-3L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-3L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-3L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)a
n
% reporting 3L
score increase
3L-VAS
Improved
0.82
0.84
0.02 (− 0.05 to 0.09)
0.25
6
33
No change
0.80
0.77
− 0.02 (− 0.11 to 0.06)
− 0.12
32
25
Worsened
0.80
0.77
− 0.02 (0.10 to 0.04)
− 0.13
20
20
EQ-5D-5L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-5L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-5L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)
n
% reporting 5L
score increase
5L-VAS
Improved
0.70
0.70
0.00 (− 0.15 to 0.15)
− 0.01
9
33
No change
0.80
0.78
− 0.02 (− 0.07 to 0.01)
− 0.17
29
41
Worsened
0.78
0.74
− 0.03 (− 0.12 to 0.05)
− 0.18
20
30 Table 16 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS,
for the subgroup in Belgiumff of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS, ble 16 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to cha
r the subgroup in Belgium Bhadhuri et al. Appendix A comparison of the validity
and responsiveness of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D for measuring health
spillovers: a study of the family impact of meningitis. Med Decis Mak Int J
Soc Med Decis Mak. 2017;37:882–93. 9. Wyrwich KW, Norquist JM, Lenderking WR, Acaster S. Methods for inter-
preting change over time in patient-reported outcome measures. Qual
Life Res. 2013;22(3):475–83. 10. Keeley T, Al-Janabi H, Nicholls E, Foster NE, Jowett S, Coast J. A lon-
gitudinal assessment of the responsiveness of the ICECAP-A in a
randomised controlled trial of a knee pain intervention. Qual Life Res. 2015;24(10):2319–31. 11. Thompson AJ, Turner AJ. A comparison of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L. Pharmacoeconomics. 2020;38:575–91. 12. Agborsangaya CB, Lahtinen M, Cooke T, Johnson JA. Comparing the
EQ-5D 3L and 5L: measurement properties and association with chronic
conditions and multimorbidity in the general population. Health Qual
Life Outcomes. 2014;12:74. 13. Johnston MC, Crilly M, Black C, Prescott GJ, Mercer SW. Defining and Appendix Drummond F. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care
programmes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005. 2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Guide to the methods
of technology appraisal 2013 2013. https://www.nice.org.uk/article/
pmg9/chapter/foreword. 3. Devlin NJ, Brooks R. EQ-5D and the EuroQol group: past, present and
future. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2017;15(2):127–37. 4. Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, Janssen M, Kind P, Parkin D, et al. Develop-
ment and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D
(EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res. 2011;20(10):1727–36. 5. Streiner DL, Norman GR. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to
their development and use. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008. 6. Conner-Spady BL, Marshall DA, Bohm E, Dunbar MJ, Loucks L, Al Khudairy
A, et al. Reliability and validity of the EQ-5D-5L compared to the EQ-
5D-3L in patients with osteoarthritis referred for hip and knee replace-
ment. Qual Life Res. 2015;24(7):1775–84. 7. Kimberlin CL, Winterstein AG. Validity and reliability of measure-
ment instruments used in research. Am J Health Syst Pharm AJHP. 2008;65(23):2276–84. 8. Bhadhuri A, Jowett S, Jolly K, Al-Janabi H. A comparison of the validity
and responsiveness of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D for measuring health
spillovers: a study of the family impact of meningitis. Med Decis Mak Int J
Soc Med Decis Mak. 2017;37:882–93. 9. Wyrwich KW, Norquist JM, Lenderking WR, Acaster S. Methods for inter-
preting change over time in patient-reported outcome measures. Qual
Life Res. 2013;22(3):475–83. 10. Keeley T, Al-Janabi H, Nicholls E, Foster NE, Jowett S, Coast J. A lon-
gitudinal assessment of the responsiveness of the ICECAP-A in a
randomised controlled trial of a knee pain intervention. Qual Life Res. 2015;24(10):2319–31. 11. Thompson AJ, Turner AJ. A comparison of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L. Pharmacoeconomics. 2020;38:575–91. 12. Agborsangaya CB, Lahtinen M, Cooke T, Johnson JA. Comparing the
EQ-5D 3L and 5L: measurement properties and association with chronic
conditions and multimorbidity in the general population. Health Qual
Life Outcomes. 2014;12:74. 13. Johnston MC, Crilly M, Black C, Prescott GJ, Mercer SW. Defining and
measuring multimorbidity: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Eur
J P b H
l h 20 9 29( ) 82 9 7. Kimberlin CL, Winterstein AG. Validity and reliability of measure-
ment instruments used in research. Am J Health Syst Pharm AJHP. 2008;65(23):2276–84. 8. Bhadhuri A, Jowett S, Jolly K, Al-Janabi H. Appendix *p < 0.05
EQ-5D-3L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-3L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-3L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)a
n
% reporting 3L
score increase
3L-VAS
Improved
0.80
0.90
0.10 (0.02 to 0.17)
0.81*
13
69
No change
0.85
0.87
0.01 (− 0.02 to 0.06)
0.12
32
41
Worsened
0.75
0.74
− 0.01 (− 0.12 to 0.09)
− 0.05
18
28
EQ-5D-5L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-5L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-5L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)
n
% reporting 5L
score increase
5L-VAS
Improved
0.75
0.87
0.11 (0.02 to 0.20)
0.78
13
62
No change
0.82
0.85
0.03 (− 0.01 to 0.06)
0.16
32
38
Worsened
0.73
0.69
− 0.04 (− 0.14 to 0.06)
− 0.14
18
39 Table 17 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS,
for the subgroup in Netherlands Table 17 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measure
for the subgroup in Netherlands Table 17 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS,
f
h
b
i N
h
l
d Table 18 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS,
for the subgroup in Ireland
a Cohen’s D effect sizes of between 0.2 and 0.5 are considered small, 0.5 and 0.8 moderate and > 0.8 large
EQ-5D-3L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-3L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-3L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)a
n
% reporting 3L
score increase
3L-VAS
Improved
0.73
0.84
0.10 (− 0.02 to 0.24)
0.41
23
39
No change
0.92
0.71
− 0.20 (− 0.48 to 0.06)
− 0.67
12
25
Worsened
0.82
0.82
0.00 (− 0.08 to 0.09)
0.00
13
23
EQ-5D-5L
at 6 months (mean)
EQ-5D-5L
at 12 months (mean)
Difference between 12
and 6 months EQ-5D-5L (95% CI)
Effect size
(Cohen’s D)
n
% reporting 5L
score increase
5L-VAS
Improved
0.76
0.83
0.06 (0.00 to 0.14)
0.30
23
48
No change
0.91
0.72
− 0.19 (− 0.47 to 0.09)
− 0.61
12
33
Worsened
0.84
0.81
− 0.02 (− 0.07 to 0.01)
− 0.18
13
23 Table 18 Assessment of responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS,
for the subgroup in Ireland responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L measures to changes in the VAS,
d Received: 8 June 2020 Accepted: 14 September 2020
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system. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20(1):220. 47. Cuzick J. A Wilcoxon-type test for trend. Stat Med. 1985;4(1):87–90. 47. Cuzick J. A Wilcoxon-type test for trend. Stat Med. 1985;4(1):87–90. 47. Cuzick J. A Wilcoxon-type test for trend. Stat Med. 1985;4(1):87–90. Publisher’s Note 28. O’Mahony D, O’Sullivan D, Byrne S, O’Connor MN, Ryan C, Gallagher P. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older
people: version 2. Age Ageing. 2015;44(2):213–8. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in pub-
lished maps and institutional affiliations. 29. Devine A, Taylor SJ, Spencer A, Diaz-Ordaz K, Eldridge S, Underwood
M. The agreement between proxy and self-completed EQ-5D for care
home residents was better for index scores than individual domains. J
Clin Epidemiol. 2014;67(9):1035–43. 30. Ramos-Goni JM, Rivero-Arias O. eq5d: a command to calculate index
values for the EQ-5D quality-of-life instrument. Stata J. 2011;11(1):120. •
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et al. Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-
5D-3L value sets. Value Health. 2012;15(5):708–15. 31. van Hout B, Janssen MF, Feng YS, Kohlmann T, Busschbach J, Golicki D,
et al. Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-
5D-3L value sets. Value Health. 2012;15(5):708–15. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://openalex.org/W3090613169', 'collection': 'OpenAlex', 'open_type': 'Open Science', 'license': 'CC-By', 'date': '2020.0', 'title': 'Measurement properties of EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in recording self-reported health status in older patients with substantial multimorbidity and polypharmacy', 'creator': 'Arjun Bhadhuri', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '14435', 'token_count': '29135', '__index_level_0__': '11938', 'original_id': 'dc3dd1900dab6dca0e963d8765e99f6b6c4c741bb7c8d459fdcaee08038a80b5'} |
Vodka is the top-selling spirit in the United States, but this liquor-market leader has taken a couple of very public punches in the last few days.
In Advertising Age, Bob Garfield takes Grey Goose to task in a column with the two-fisted headline "Obnoxious Ads for Overpriced Vodka." The body copy is hardly more nuanced in taking on parent company Bacardi's ads, which seek to equate the consumption of Grey Goose with enjoying a very exclusive, high-class lifestyle:
Bacardi wishes to sell preposterously expensive ultra-mega-super-premium vodka to showoffs, wannabes and snobs. [...] It's the hoariest gambit in the world: to flatter customers into imagining they are not conspicuous consumers but discriminating ones. That when they belly up to the bar calling for Grey Goose, they can tell the difference between it and Stoli and Absolut and the rail vodka, because they have rarified tastes that the mere hoi polloi could never understand. That they are, sniff, a cut above.
Garfield's slap at Grey Goose follows close on the heels of Eric Felten's most recent weekend column in the Wall Street Journal, titled "Make Mine a 020001"--referencing the Archer-Daniels-Midland product code for their high-proof ethyl alcohol, which is shipped to bottlers in bulk, diluted, and then sold as vodka under brands ranging from plastic bottle to top shelf. Felten methodically dissects the vodka market, revealing how low-cost grain alcohol can suddenly become an ultra-premium brand of vodka, based entirely on a marketing campaign.
But while Garfield took aim from the sidelines, Felten challenges vodka executives in person:
I went to a vodka tasting hosted by the head of a prominent luxury liquor house. It was an exercise meant to dispel the notion that the differences among vodkas are illusory. But after being walked through the vodkas on the table with elaborate descriptions of the characteristics of each, I found myself hard-pressed to discern much difference. So I asked the executive to demonstrate the differences by tasting the vodkas blind. He couldn't even identify his own flagship brand.
The vodka executive shouldn't feel too bad. In a 2005 blind tasting now legendary among spirits fans, a panel assembled by the New York Times sampled 21 vodkas (mostly super-premium brands) and chose as their top pick ... Smirnoff.
So if you're a vodka drinker, what do you think? Does your favorite vodka really taste different from others you've tried, or do you like your brand because of the bottle or the sense of style it gives you? Could you pick your brand out of a blind-tasting lineup? And is a bottle of it really worth $30? Let's hear it.
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Overlanding in the Higher Himalayas with the World's Highest Rally : Raid de Himalaya
Each year within the first two weeks of October, the World's Highest Motorsport event takes place in India, the Maruti Suzuki Raid-de-Himalaya. One of the ten toughest rallies in the world, the tagline of the event states 'Making grown men cry since 1998', owing to the extreme route of the rally : the unpredictable weather, inhospitable conditions and harsh terrain in some of the most remote regions in the world. The rally is a week long adrenaline overdose, with oozing action for each person involved : the Organizers, marshals, sponsors, the media team, doctors, service teams and obviously the bravado competitors who are pelting at 6000 RPM at 15,000 ft. above sea level!
Here’s what we go through as officials each year!
Preparing for the Rally
Marshals compose the backbone of a successful rally, working under and with the COC(s) (Clerk of Course), ensuring the rally runs safely. However, to be successful a marshal needs to make sure they complete the rally themselves – with both them and their machines in one piece. This is serious stuff, and each marshal team knows it – we don’t want to be cold, starving, stranded, ill equipped, or worse – look like a fool among the rest, and with that in mind we begin preparation.
Expedition leader, Abhey Thareja in his Gypsy at the 13th Raid de Himalaya
A thorough vehicle and equipment check-up is an absolute must. Energy and warmth are next, and rations are procured knowing that we will be living in our vehicle, eating at odd hours, exposed to insane temperatures and putting together a meal or two each day! Once we’ve prepared for all that, we load-up and make our way!
Arriving at the RAID
As a marshal team, we usually reach the rally a day or two before the flag off, helping kick-start the proceedings! Duties are given on the basis of the experience and availability of the marshals. We could be at the registration counter ensuring each participant has all paperwork in order, or at the scrutiny venue, making sure vehicles confine to the guidelines. We go there as a volunteer, giving at least a week (and possibly more) of our time away from everything else important to us, except motorsport, over-landing, the love for the mountains and the thrill for adventure, possibly extreme! Most of us ensure we are available each year. Only major personal or work related commitments change plans!
Bharat & Karan as DCOC's awaiting the rally cars
The two days when everyone is arriving are absolutely festive. Roaring rally vehicles all around, members of the fraternity, the sponsors all at the scrutiny venue! We meet friends and acquaintances who we possibly meet only a couple of times a year, or restricted to motorsport events. If you’ve been regular for a few years you’ll have a few buddies from different parts of the country to catch-up with! Your first jobs are to procure your marshal dockets, install your radio’s and proudly sticker up your vehicles. You get around the venue mingling with everyone and completing roles assigned to you and evenings are spent – well, bonding, spelt as DRINKING, strengthening old bonds, and creating new ones!
It is only around evening on Day 0, when the minds begin to wander to the 1 AM roll-time, loading GPS tracks, checking your duties in the DCOC (Deputy COC) manual and making sure you get a bit of rest, not knowing if you will get any further on.
Odd Hours, Night Driving and Day Breaks
It’s 12:30 AM, engines are warming up, you’re lined up in a massive convoy of SUV’s and ambulances, possibly with no clue who’s in the car in front of you or behind you. With the convoy leaving at inhuman hours to set-up the stage, it is a possibility that someone oversleeps. To ensure each one being there, a quick roll call is taken on the radio to confirm attendance, and the ones who’ve overslept are given a call, a luxury lasting a day or two before the rally heads into the Himalayas, with no phone network!
After a day or two this becomes a regular practice, with your move time usually accurate. That said, dinners are usually served at common areas and you get a chance to get any information that varies from the DCOC. A one-off chance you don’t do that, you could be off your time.
We, last year slept-off as soon as Day 2 ended and did not know the stage from Patseo – Sarchu had been cancelled for the next day and all marshals for that stage were being placed in the return stage : Losar – Gramphu. This meant I had woken up at 1230 to cover only 60 KM instead of the 200 odd I needed to, by 9 AM. The convoy manning the first half of the stage left at around 3 AM and I was given the opportunity to crash for another few hours. With enough sleep, I realized this was an opportunity to drive to Losar at my own pace enjoying the solitude of driving alone with headlamp beams in the horizon through the valley!
Karan taking a snooze at Rangdum between two Super Stages. Most scenic bed in the world!
It also gave us an opportunity to set-up a fire, make chai and maggi and gaze at the stars waiting for day-break. Not a lot of people traversing through the region would end up sitting in the middle of nowhere at 3 AM, but for us this was an opportunity, one which we get to experience at the Raid each year!
It is serious business!
On every stage your responsibility could be a different one. Those with most experience are usually given a role where timing is involved, which means start, flying finish and/or a DZ and FZ, or where safety is of concern. As the convoy moves on, marshals are placed forming a radio chain. At any point of time in a stage there should be a fluid flow of communication possible. This does not mean you need to be in contact with a guy 30-40 KM ahead of you, but the fact that a message from you can be relayed to anyone and everyone through that chain. As a radio car, your most important job is to track competitors as per their competition number, accounting for each one. It is your duty to ensure there is no competitor missing between you and the guy behind as well as you and the guy in front of you, and constant and crisp radio communication through chitter-chatter among other teams is an absolute must! Other duties include crowd control and localizing traffic movement, often extremely difficult tasks as people find it hard to come to terms with the fact that the road has been shut for a race, and they cannot go about their business. Typically the ambulances are also placed as per the evacuation plan along with a marshal team to ensure quick communication with the others and especially the stage controller!
Receiving Sohail Khan at our TC location. He was participating in the adventure category!
This is what you are here for and you’re responsible to be extremely alert in what could be a life and death situation. How quick a medical team arrives at an accident scene or how quick you realize a competitor is missing could be dependent on how alert you are and how cleanly you communicate! In 2015 a competitor went down the cliff in his Gypsy, but was evacuated in time and airlifted to Mohali whereas in 2016 even though the competitor was airlifted to Manali from Chatru, minutes within a crash, tragedy could not be averted, leading to loss of life and terminating the rally!
Pushing your limits
The adventure you get to experience along with the breath-taking landscape is a lure to each and everyone and challenges are thrown each year, which is definitely what attracts us. Braving extremely cold winds, stationed at high altitude passes and gasping for breath, clocking up a decent mileage each day on difficult terrain, is what attracts you to this spectacle. The rally being conducted in October, just when it starts snowing in the higher reaches, means the chance of experiencing extreme weather!
Snowed-in and Happy at 15,000 FT!
In 2014, the convoy was rolling around 1 am from Kaza and at around 3:30 we experienced heavy snowfall just around Takcha. By the time we had reached Kunzum Top there was a thick sheet of ice on the track meaning zero traction and the vehicles were moving all over the place with minimum throttle.
We were at a stand still and even though marshals are advised to carry chains, many were not and a few were having difficulties putting them on due to the cold! I remember my toes completely numb! As we struggled to put our chains on we got help from Hari Sir – who was walking through the 4 AM traffic jam encouraging each of us to put our chains on and giving us instructions and confidence to start rolling down the pass! The entire process took up a couple of hours and by then the stage had been called off owing to safety as driving competitively in such conditions was an absolute no-go! Since we had time we took to cooking another round of maggi, and I remember holding the pressure cooker straight from the gas into my bear hands to feel any kind of warmth!
Taking the time to cook another round of Maggi.
As marshals we all are relatively experienced, but this was an instance I saw many teams out of their comfort zones. We waited for the sun to come up in the hope of melting ice, giving our tyres contact with gravel, in turn getting some traction, moving feebly through the hairpins. I'm not going to lie, we were at the edge of our seats when we did start rolling down!
That said the feeling of getting snowed in at 15,000 feet is not such a daunting one with the Raid. You have ample resources such as doctors, ambulances, rescue teams, some of the most experienced heads in the scene as well as those friends who you’d want around if you get stuck in this situation!
Unfortunately, this is going to be the first year in about 8 years that a member of Team Terraquest is not going to be at the Raid. We are going to miss it, and how! Good luck to all our friends competing, marshaling, making up the amazing Himalayan Motorsport Association Team. Good luck to Vijay Sir, Manjeev Sir & Atul Handa Sir for succefully completing the event!
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Website : www.terraquest.in
For Queries regarding upcoming Expeditions, send an email to explore@terraquest.in | mini_pile | {'original_id': '80ac45b09b2937f70eca12d4faa43d9a7401bcd4fe34f12bff3b99fca227e858'} |
Last-second Score Rescues Nu From 2nd-half Collapse
October 17, 1999|By Skip Myslenski, Tribune Staff Writer.
Eight seconds. That's all that separated Northwestern from some old-fashioned, red-faced embarrassment.
Eight seconds. That's all the time that remained in NU's meeting Saturday with Iowa, a game the Wildcats had once dominated as thoroughly as the Daley machine dominated Chicago politics.
The Cats had been coldly efficient through the first 30 minutes, going in at halftime with a 16-0 lead. But Iowa crept back with two third-quarter touchdowns and went ahead with 11:13 remaining on a 74-yard burst by Ladell Betts.
But the Cats were without a timeout and facing fourth-and-goal from the Hawkeyes' 2-yard line. On first down from the 1, running back Damien Anderson had been stuffed for no gain by Iowa linebacker LaVar Woods. On second down, Woods threw Anderson for a 1-yard loss. On third down, fullback Ian Miller caught Zak Kustok's pass out of bounds.
The Cats were down to their last shot.
"I knew we'd get the ball in somehow. We had to will it in," Kustok said.
"We knew we were going to win," said Anderson, who gained 162 yards in 42 carries.
Kustok took the snap and slid right on the option.
"I read their end guy," he said. "He was in the blitz position, so I thought he'd crash down. But he picked up Damien, so I cut it up."
Kustok cut it up and into the end zone, and with four seconds remaining scored the touchdown that gave Northwestern a 23-21 win. It broke an 11-game winless streak in the Big Ten, and it finally brought the Cats success after they'd played Purdue, Minnesota and Indiana reasonably close.
But most of all it was a win that saved their collective face, redeeming an afternoon they had very nearly thrown away.
"We wanted to keep everyone in their seats; we wanted to keep everyone buying concessions," NU coach Randy Walker said with a smile. "We didn't want to make it happen too fast."
Turning serious, Walker added: "There are maybe a handful of truly dominant teams in college football today, and a whole bunch that are pretty much like everyone. We're in that mix in the middle, and it's anyone's football game week to week. So I kind of know, week to week, we're going to have some ebb and flow, some good and bad."
It was all good for Northwestern (3-4, 1-3) through the first 30 minutes. It used three Tim Long field goals and Kustok's 21-yard TD pass to Teddy Johnson to build a 16-0 lead while achieving the kind of statistical dominance that would bring a smile to the face of the most dour coach.
The Wildcats held the ball for 22:09 to 7:51 for Iowa (1-5, 0-3). They ran off 48 offensive plays to Iowa's 21 and collected 205 yards to Iowa's 79. They had a dozen first downs to Iowa's four and 130 rushing yards to Iowa's 18 while pitching a shutout.
"But 16-0 meant nothing to me," Walker said. "I knew we had a lot of football left."
The NU defense forced an Iowa punt to start the third quarter, but freshman John Schweighardt fumbled it, and Iowa took over at the Northwestern 5.
"That was the biggest difference-maker in the game," Schweighardt said. "How hard is it for them to score from there? They put it in and have the momentum."
The Hawkeyes clung tightly to that momentum, taking the lead on Betts' run and containing the Cats until 2:37 remained. That's when Northwestern got the ball at its 41 and began the drive that salvaged its day. NU overcame one penalty and converted on fourth-and-2. Kustok was 5 for 9 for 57 yards on the drive.
Finally there were eight seconds left.
"In the huddle," Anderson said, "we just said, `Let's score. Let's do this. This is what we practice for."'
Said Walker: "I'm tired of saying we're close. I'm tired of finding reasons we didn't succeed. After three games of being close and being there and all the other coaches' cliches that people use, it was great to see our football team make the plays it takes to win.
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By Category
Packers Fall to Vikings, QB Aaron Rodgers Likely to Miss Remainder of Season
As significant of a blow as they come, the Green Bay Packers may have lost their starting quarterback for the rest of the season.
Aaron Rodgers was tackled by Minnesota Vikings linebacker Anthony Barr in the first quarter at U.S. Bank Stadium, ultimately landing awkwardly on his throwing shoulder. Rodgers stayed on the ground for a few moments before being helped to the sidelines by trainers, all while yelling obscenities at Barr for the tackle.
Rodgers was soon carted to the locker room where X-rays determined the NFL's league-leader in touchdown passes suffered a broken right collarbone.
According to the team's announcement, Rodgers may potentially miss the remainder of the 2017 season.
This comes just a week after Rodgers' late-game heroics earned the Packers their most recent win against the Dallas Cowboys, putting them into a tie atop the NFC with the Philadelphia Eagles at 4-1. Now, he'll have to watch his team find a way to win without his physical presence.
"It definitely hurts," coach McCarthy said after the 23-10 loss to the Vikings. "As a football team, we have to move forward. Aaron's a great player, he's a huge part of our success and our program. But, this is the state of the National Football League; you have to deal with all of your injuries."
The Packers' coaching staff are no strangers to adversity, however, this kind of true challenge hasn't reared its ugly head in since 2013 when Rodgers fractured his opposite [left] collarbone.
Without Rodgers that year, the Packers cycled through a trio of quarterbacks. Seneca Wallace, Scott Tolzien and Matt Flynn all started, leading the Packers to a 2-4-1 record before Rodgers was able to return for the week 17 game and lift the Packers over the Chicago Bears for the NFC North title.
This time around, the Packers have a little more stability in their backup quarterback situation. Brett Hundley is entering his third season with the team in a familiar system coached up by quarterbacks coach Alex Van Pelt. Even with three interceptions to his credit, Hundley stepped in to relieve Rodgers and made a few impressive throws against the Vikings.
Hundley finished completing 18 of his 33 passes for 157 yards, one touchdown -- the first of his career -- and three interceptions. He was sacked four times, and that's not including the multitude of dropbacks he suffered crushing hits after getting throws off. That's almost expected, especially because by the end of the game, the Packers' starting offensive tackles were Justin McCray and Ulrick John, who was playing his first offensive snaps of the season on Sunday.
Both David Bakhtiari (hamstring) and Bryan Bulaga (concussion) left the game, tallying the consistently-growing injury list for the Packers.
"It's a tough spot in our season we're grinding through," McCarthy said. As for Rodgers, McCarthy didn't have any further update or a timetable on his injury since he had yet to speak to the medical staff.
Rodgers' on-field absence is going to be noticeable, but thankfully, his overall being won't be nonexistent. He'll be available to coach Hundley and provide pointers wherever the ex-Bruin needs them, including in maneuvering through a collapsing pocket, which Rodgers seemed to effortlessly do and something that Hundley had a few opportunities to do on Sunday as well.
"Aaron [Rodgers] is a great mentor, he's been in this spot before," McCarthy said. "We're going to rally around this thing and beat the Saints. I have confidence in Brett Hundley."
It sucks but there is nothing to gain by wallowing in misery, IMO. I'm just a fan and my life won't change all that much if the Packers are SB contenders or not. I'll still watch them and pull for wins. I'll just expect them less frequently.
Let the (temporary) Brett Hundley era begin! May it prove fruitful next May!
This sucks. But the season isn't over. The D needs to be above average. Now. And Hundley obviously needs to grow. While he won't ever be ARod, I think the can be a middle of road QB. Those two things combined will be anough to win the division. And if that happens, we will get multiple 1st round picks for Hundley. But we aren't winning anything in the playoffs without Arod.
Or, this whole thing might implode. We might end up 5 and 11. And that would thankfully get Capers fired and TT to retire. And we'd get a top 10 pick finally.
The old boy network will keep DC as long as he wants it as he seems to remain blameless all these years of poor D. Now with so many injuries, even I admit that it will be hard to blame him.
This team has focused on offense only for far too long. Makes sense in an offense minded league. But offense is too thin and that has come back to haunt us now. We will see next week if we stand any chance to salvage the season. Guessing that there is only a 20% chance of that happening.
I wonder how many people beside Mike McCarthy hold Capers blameless for the performance of the Packers defense. His opinion is the only one that matters when it comes to Capers' employment in GB. I suppose TT could force the issue if he wanted but that doesn't seem like TT's style.
I think it could very well be that Capers is working his last NFL job.
Zero sacks and 10 missed tackles by dbacks, two of which on the swing pass that hit the ground. Takes the refs out of the game by making those tackles and forcing the punt. Quick reminder, ZERO SACKS! Dynamic Dom's defense dialing it up! Zero sacks! Four man rush, no pressure, holes in the zone as always , missed tackles on back end. And some people on here wrote the defense held their own today. Ha!
Correct Dobber as usual. Also, Barr's hit was technically legal but it was a cheap shot in that it was unnecessary. A penalty flag could go either way and it would not prevent Rodgers injury but Barr could have and should have pulled up. It was a cheap shot against a defense less player at that point. Thanks, Since '61
Hard to beleive the NFL really cares about player safety when cheap shots on defenseless players go unpunished. Or like the cheap shot on Adams the punishement gets reduced. Maybe the NFL should have the fines put on players given to the players they injured rather than pocketing the money. Otherwise donate that money to hospitals which is where these players often end up.
If there's 60 plays a game, a LB like Barr rushes maybe 25-30 times, and usually doesn't get a sniff of the QB. So when he gets a chance to vent his frustration and take a shot, he takes the opening and hammers the QB. Do I like it - no. Is it unnecessary, probably. Would I play that way if I were a player in his position. Yes.
Rodgers takes some risks, an yesterday they came back to bite him. Just like the play against Chicago where he got hurt last time. Another LB, same type of play. In the old days they told QB's not to run the ball and expose themselves to those type of hits.
I have instantly become a Joe Callahan fan. You need the it factor to be a solid qb in this league and Hundley doesn't seem to have it. After a few losses I could see Calli being given a chance, at least he can scramble. With the O line we got now, we're going to need a QB that can run and make plays with his legs.
I still believe in MM. If he says Hundley is our QB. I'm with him. The guy does have an arm. He seems to know the offense. Give MM time. Hundley needs Touch. And the biggest problem was the blitz by the vikings. Every QB goes through it. We know no-one is A-rod. But I'm going with MM here.
No, you're not the only one yelling for Rodgers to get rid of the ball quicker. It's my one gripe about him. I try to tell myself is that he can make magic happens when he extends plays. And that mostly convinces me until the next game when I'm right back it it.
I’m as glass half full as you’ll find. But I’m doing sine drinking tonight. Maybe the season can be salvaged - and I will watch every second of whatever games are played- but a very special season just ended and it will be very hard to deal with that.
First things first, the Packers need to get the OL healthy. I'm not sure how bad Bulaga and Bak are hurt. We should get both of them back after the bye if they can't go next week.
Second Hundley gets a full week of reps with the first team which should help both him and the starting WRs. Also should help in reading the defense.
Third, we should get King back at CB by next week and hopefully, House and Burnett back after the bye at worst. That would help solidify the secondary.
Fourth, MM and Capers can use the bye week to reset the offense and defense based on which injured players will be back and we go from there. As Nick Perry and Bearmeat have correctly posted, now we will see what type of team we have without Aaron Rodgers. However, before we can accurately assess the team we need to play with a healthy OL and a healthy secondary.
Also, two changes that I would like to see.
First, I would like to start throwing to Kendricks rather than Bennett who has dropped too many passes already this season. Second, why isn't Josh Jones getting more snaps on defense? He needs to play IMO.
Bad day today but hang in there anything can happen. The Lions were trounced today and Atlanta lost at home to the Dolphins no less. The Vikings won today but they can be had and if AR weren't hurt we would have run them out of their stadium today. One play, one game at a time. Thanks, Since '61
If MM has any coach to him at all, this team will look completely different going forward. New QB who can't do what #12 does means the offense has to do things differently...that means unscouted looks for NO this week at Lambeau. Will that be enough for the offense to compete with the Saints? Well, the Saints are improved defensively, but they have a reputation for being a lousy road team. I'm with you: let's see what happens before we condemn this team too much.
Might be time for those two TE sets we'd been hoping for and becoming a true run-first team. That's my prediction for next week. Cobb sits.
Lions are a great garbage time team. Stafford saves plenty of fantasy teams in the last quarter of games.
Well, the worst case scenario just became a reality. If this team was relatively healthy otherwise, I'd say we have a pretty decent chance of making the post season. Unfortunately, we are the complete opposite of that right now. I know we say every year that we're hurt more than most, but this year is something else. Our starting OL and CB's are mostly squad guys at this point. Part of me feels like we should just throw in the towel and finally get a high draft pick. But the odds are so stacked now (I think officially we've have a 2% chance of making the SB), that most of me really just wants Hundley & Co. to come out and shock the NFL. Demolishing the Saints at home next week would warm my heart. Unlikely as heck, but I'll cheer 'em on anyways. Go Pack!
No quarterback can play well behind the current packe r line. Center gets pushed back and snaps the ball almost to the ground on every other pass snap. Run blocking or pass blocking are atrocious. Receivers are always covered . Qb's hold the ball too long (since no one is open). 3 and outs. No pass rush on defense. Soft coverage on defense..(opponents open by five yards consistently). Are these players that bad or is the offensive scheme and defensive scheme that poor. I think the latter.
Remember all those times on this exact website, when I would beg and plead my case that we needed our front office to do anything/everything they could to "win now"....?
This is exactly why. After both 2014 and 2015 I begged for FA and a better defense because I kept saying we were wasting away Rodgers years and that he was 1 injury away from being done with.
We are now going to get a little taste of what Green Bay Packer football is without Rodgers. This is almost a blessing in disguise. Hopefully it will open some eyes to what this organization truly is without Rodgers. I've said it before and I'll say it again, without Rodgers we're a 3-5 win ball team at best.
Maybe this will finally help people see the Packers for what they are instead of being blinded by Rodgers greatness.
When he comes back, we better build an actual team around him and stop wasting away his years like we've done. Cause in the blink of an eye he's going to retire, and we're not just going to be without him for 11 weeks, it'll be forever.
My take is the opposite. If you had spent all your cap for the one year to go over the top and that happens to be 2017, everything goes out the window. And the next few years, you would not have a competitive team. Fans complain about getting to the playoffs 8 years in a row and have only one SB to show for. But at least you have a shot year after year. You need a little luck to win the SB, and your odds are improved if you have more rolls of the dice.
You don't have to spend your entire cap and screw yourself for the following season, that's just what Packers fans have said when defending Ted Thompson the last 7 seasons.
It's been a few years since the Packers had players to step in after others leave. Look at the WR position. The Packers used to be able to run this offense because they had multiple WR who could beat any coverage. Now we don't have that luxury, we don't even have anyone waiting in the wings. Same thing on the O-Line. Have people forgot how bad Spriggs and Murphy were? How in the world can you let your 2 best AND reliable O-Linemen go 2 years in a row.
How many draft picks has Thompson used on defense the last several years? What does he have to show for it? Now I have serious doubt ALL those picks are that bad, but SHAME on MM and TT for letting Capers continue to draw a paycheck. The Steeler's knew Dick LeBeau's defense was a thing of the past, why aren't the Packers able to figure it out too. THAT defense depends on 2 OLB who can generate 20 to 25 sacks a season combined. The Packers are paying how many millions for Perry and Matthews and getting what in return????
CLEAN HOUSE!!! Rodgers will be 35 at the end of next season! Do whatever you can to win NOW (Next Year & a few years after).
All right, all right, you Hundley haters will most likely be eating crow. The last pick he was getting hit when releasing it. Smith made a great one handed pick. The first was, well his 1st. Monty should have had a TD. We'll see now how good of a HC MM really is. The NFL is all about winning, nothing more.
Losing Rodgers this season REALLY hurts. He's going to be 34 in December which means he'll be 35 next year before the seasons end, 35!!! Where has the time gone? He was 27 when he won SB 45 and I know most of here as well as just about everyone on planet earth thought he'd have been back at least a few more times. FAST FORWARD 7 years and Rodgers hasn't made it back yet.
IMO I feel like Rodgers was taken for granted a little bit. I think the organization did as little as possible to help Rodgers get back to the promised land. There were very few FA signings, never a trade before the deadline, and when there were obvious needs at positions like Safety, Tight End, OLB, or RB, Thompson would sometimes completely ignore the need for multiple seasons. Whenever a player was at or near the old age of 30 Thompson would cut him or low ball him so badly the player had no choice but to leave.
I might be acting a little dramatic but when I look at the Packers right now I can't help but think were very near the end of a very special era of 25 plus years. My biggest fear is the Packers keep Thompson another 2, 3, or even 4 more years and NOTHING changes.IMO the Packers can't afford to keep Thompson any longer. Rodgers is running out of years.
As much as I want to blame the OL and poor backup OL talent planning by TT, I still can't get past that Rodgers got injured on the play for holding the ball too long. It's basically the double edged sword of rodgers, like Favre's rocket balls.
Yes Nick, you are being a tad dramatic. You need to relax, drink more green and gold kool aid. (Help's the eye sight. Things seem...... different) And always, when in doubt BLAME JERRY JONES. (The fount of all evil in the football world 0:)
Let's all wait until after the next game before the doom and gloom, burn it down, fire everybody talk begins. BH has two weeks to prepare with the first string offense. The defense did pretty well today considering how much time they spent on the field. The team will be healthier though less talented next time they play on television. Be patient. We might be pleasantly surprised; or we might actually burn down lambeau. Only time will tell.
2 weeks to prepare.how do you figure? Saints are in 6 days .. you could have 2 years to prepare but when you have 2 healthy starting o-linemen (the 2 worst starters nonetheless) it doesn't matter....Hope Hundley doesn't die!
Don't recall who said it last week, but someone posted that Packers D would make Chase Keenum look like a world beater. He wasn't that, but put up darn good numbers.
Even if Hundley makes a big jump this week, what in the world is the D going to do against Drew Brees?
With all the injuries to O line and D backs, we can still pull for Hundley, hope to heal up during the bye, and know that if the worst happens the Pack will get higher draft picks in 2018 and AR will be back.
I said thielen was gonna roll, Rudolf was going to roll and Case would look like an all star. Next thing ya know dynamic Doms defense had zero sacks and 10missed tackles today while rushing 4 and getting gashed in the zone coverage. Dynamic Dumbfounded Dom dialing it up!
Yep, me too. I predicted Keenum distributing the ball well with Minn's receivers that are under-rated even with Diggs on the bench. Implored Capers to shut down the short, middle pass, and half back pass, and dare Keenum to throw deep balls.
Predicted that McCarthy would try to run the ball too much against the strength of Minn D...and get off to slow start. Implored MM to run screens.
Predicted Minn winning the turnover differential and winning.
Predicted this to be a 9-7 team even with Rodgers. Still sticking with that prediction. Minn is a good team with goofy colors and history.....so its hard to predict they'll go far in post season.
Time to draft a quarterback with the top 5 pick the Pack is going to get this coming year. Hundley is a nice guy, but he is just a guy and will not win many (if any) games this year.
Turn out the lights boys, the 2017 party is over. Sorry, but McFatty has gravy trained off Favre/Rodgers for too long. It's time to pay the piper.
Tough to see another tough injury especially to Rodgers, but can’t see much optimism going forward anyway as it looks like the same old D. To me they look a lot like last year. MIN has many injuries on O and still backup Keenum prevails.
Predicted 9-7 season even with rodgers. Still sticking with it. We'll win some, but the D can't do its job. Capers has failed with yet another year of new personnel. Clearly time to cut Capers, and now seems just as good a time as any.
I have one discussion regarding Ty Montgomery rib injury, when I was ridiculed over my prediction of healing broken ribs.
I will tell you again, there is cure, named "osteogrow" which is designed to speed up bone fracture healing by twice. In 2013, when Aaron suffered his first collarbone injury, that drug was in clinical testing. Today, people use that cure regularly. And osteogrow is one of the reasons why Ty Montgomery healed miraculously fast...
Any high expectations for this year are in shambles . Without ARod any hope that he would carry this team while the defense found its way is gone. I'm stunned. Number one by what happened to Rodgers and second by the continued inabilty of this team to cover the middle and make a damn tackle.
I'll probably get a lot of dislikes for this, That's Fine, but you need to Face Facts. "This Is The Dagger" IT'S OVER. This season is DONE!! Don't even think about Winning another game. Think about Losing All the remaining games. Think about going 4-12 & getting a Top Pick. GB is not going anywhere this year, Unless Favre comes back & leads us to another SB. What a Movie that would make.
It's like a Parlay I had. I hit 3 out of 4, & the Refs Screwed me on the Pass they called incomplete for a TD on the Jets. That would have put the game at 48. That was a Controlled Call by the Refs that cost me $300. Think what you want. Maybe you'll see it someday. The Money is gone. All I can do is start over. That's what GB NEEDS TO DO, like it or not.
AR might be Done. That Right Collar Bone, could be his Career. I hope not. It would be BAAAD BEAT. The NFL will go on, & so will GB, just like they did after Favre. I don't want to say this, but we need to think about a Replacement for AR. I would play the 6th String, Dom Capers, TT, & the Conditioning Coach the rest of the year. I Hate to say this, but GB looks like their on Death Row everywhere you look. Start thinking of the future. It does us NO GOOD to win even 1 more game this year.
This isn't the way I wanted to say "I Told You So", but I posted yesterday in Cheese Head Predictions, That Something Was Up With This Game. I can't believe The Sports Books could see this coming, but they were definitely Concerned about something? It Amazes me how they do it. Go RE-Read my post, & then Post your Dislikes.
I'm going to put it as Sick as I can. This is a Knife through our Hearts, & could be the end of a 25 year Run, the likes of which, "You'll Never See Again"
LVT
Omg, I just read the comment section in its entirety and wow what a bunch of whining sissies. Yeah it sucks, but man, grow up. It's not lost yet, give the dudes a chance to game plan without AR. Sissies!
The talent and greatness of AR has covered up a lot of flaws in the basic structure of the Packers which may be showing up in a big way now,, especially with 15 starters and rotational players injured.
The defensive backs scheme is way too complicated for all the UDFAs first and 2nd yr players. Look at Seattle, known for their effective simple defensive scheme. Packers rarely have a top 5 to 8 defense on the field because AR is so good and puts up enough points to carry an average or below average defense.
Packers defense has the speed and talent to be good now if the scheme was simplified for the young talent.
I contend that Packers 4 top WRs are excellent route running, possession WRs,, with below average speed and that lack of deep speed threat problem has been masked by ARs ability to scramble until a WR breaks open.
TT and MM don't use the speed ones they have or try to find or develop some WR speed. They let burner Crockett go who AR complemented in preseason.
Now with Hundley,, will Hundley be able to scramble enough to find an open WR like AR could?
This same type of thing happened in 15 when the speedy, field stretching, Jordy Nelson went out and starting game 7 against Denver,, Denver loaded the box along with strong man press coverage on WRs which pretty much stressed out AR rest of season as other teams also did.
Including IR I count 15 of the starting 22 plus few rotational players injured.
No matter how good Hundley is,, he has a rough row to hoe.
If Hundley started from game 1, we lose to the Bengals, Falcons, Cowboys, Vikings, and the Seahawks. And thats a fact. So what exactly are you expecting from him going forward? Its nice to be optimistic but damn. The last time Rodgers was out he was coming back at least and Eddie Lacy literally carried us before he stopped caring about his career. No such luck this time. Seasons O-VER!
And I've said this before about the defense and it went largely ignored so I will say it again. We are a base 3-4 defense. Even with the nitro package and a safety playing ILB as far as I can tell thats still 2 ILB's, 2 OLB's and 3 down lineman correct? Thats a 3-4. I know we have extensively used other awful looks and fronts but at its core we are building a 3-4 by the players we draft and the players we have brought in. Heres the problem, ready ?here it is hopefully youre listening this time. When you think 3-4 defenses the first 2 teams that come to mind are the Steelers and Ravens. I think its safe to say that they have sustained a certain level of success using it. 1 GLARING difference between those teams and us is the AMOUNT OF FIRST ROUND PICKS CONSTANTLY BEING SPENT ON OUTSIDE LINEBACKERS, INSIDE LINEBACKERS! (wait you mean youre allowed to draft them before round 4???) and DEFENSIVE LINEMEN. CONSTANTLY. And for the most part these are 2 teams who usually are picking no earlier than mid first round also. So I dont want to hear it. If you want to run a 3-4 you need to be 2 deep in the front 7 with above average talent. And its entirely possible. They do it year in and year out. We will never be good defensively when our depth goes from STARTER to LETS PRAY FOR THE BEST. Nate Palmer, Kyler Fackrell, etc. Its no mystery. It really isnt. Ted Thompson is more worried about the pats on the back he gets and the smoke blown up his ass when- 1 out every 400 undrafted free agents he signs and inevitably ends up starting turns into a Sam Shields or a Tramon Williams-than winning a God damn Super Bowl. We are not set up to have a good defense anytime soon either for this reason and thats a fact. Sure we have a few building blocks but theres no depth and no real talent anywhere else and its going to take a couple of years minimum to build what ALREADY SHOULD HAVE.
Just in case you didn't know what a fact was. Who knows if we would have won with Hundley instead of Rodgers. There's no way to know so saying that we'd lose every game and that's a fact I think the word you were looking for was fiction.
All we can do is wait and see what Hundley brings to the table. Go in with LOW expectations and be glad if we get a win. Without Aaron and due to extensive injuries we'll really see what our depth tallent looks like. Lets see what our rookie runningbacks can do and what kind of potential Biegel has.
Couple of comments. The Dallas game ready hurt the Packers this week. Playing in the Dallas heat ready hurt the secondary's ability to recover this week, and made them more than likely to get injured. A lot of those missed tackles were due to tired legs. Same with lower leg injury suffered by Randall, Rollins and Picpkins ? The O line situation has become dire. The Packers would not played either of their starting tackles this week, if they had other choices. Good lord, the Packers ran out of bodies due to Dallas, and their inability to recover this week pretty much doomed them. One final aside. This is the second week we have had flat out bad calls and lost of game control by a Referee crew. If the NFL does not get a handle on this, somebody is going to die on the field. And that will end the NFL as we know it.
Not going to hold out hope that AR will be back this year. The team announced the probability he was done for the year. For them to come out and say that on the day of the injury, it could be there is more damage than just the collarbone itself. Could be tendon damage or rotator cuff injury. Hope it is not the latter, because that would mean he will never have the same arm again.
Hundley is going to have a tough time simply because there is no offensive line. Rodgers was able to compensate for how bad it is. It is worse now. Dumping Sitton and not resigning Lang and Tretter is rearing its ugly head.
I have called for Capers head for years. The defense never improves, even with different players plugged into the system. That spells out that his scheme is so predictable that most teams don't fear it. Also it is tough on young players to learn it. And watching how well the Vikings can tackle, and watching how bad the Packers tackle, is amazing. MM doesn't allow enough time on the art of tackling. These guys don't wrap up. Or they are so out of position they whiff on the attempt.
And I do believe the Strength and Conditioning coach should be shown the door. The guys on both sides of the ball, other than Daniels, are all easily beat by their opponents. Nobody got to Case Keenum. And that Vikings offensive line is not one of the leagues best by a long shot.
Ok so the coach of the vikings has a simple plan for his thrid string qb, short ball. Send out two te's - these would be the ones who actually can catch a football. No resemblance to Bennet.
Find the one open and pass. Repeat.
MM run rogers plays, sends receivers out 20 to 25 yards, if you have the time your quality O line provides, pass to an open receiver. If that fails to work, repeat.
Quote
"I firmly believe that any man’s finest hour, the greatest fulfillment of all that he holds dear, is that moment when he has worked his heart out in a good cause and lies exhausted on the field of battle – victorious." | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'fea46bb7773e149f443eed1ce782570a2771a9e1b5909d12055e07596a82d22f'} |
How Aggressive IS IT POSSIBLE TO Be in Blackjack?
How Aggressive IS IT POSSIBLE TO Be in Blackjack?
Blackjack is probably the most popular casino games. Blackjack can be the initial name of the card sport, and it is produced from the Spanish term “Baja”. In its earliest background, the overall game had the same names as the card sport “Revea”. Blackjack gained further reputation when casinos began to offer the game in different languages, incorporating English, in the hope of breaking in to the North American market.
Blackjack, originally also Black Jack and Vingt-Un, may be the original American version of a European card game called Twenty-One, which is closely related to Baccarat. For the reason that the Spanish period “Baccarat” means “to package twenty”. Like other game titles that use twenty cards, a player can discard any number of cards prior to the player is permitted to draw another card.
Competitors usually place chips, or wagers, onto a blackjack desk in the hope of obtaining the best cards easy for betting. Before a player makes a bet, nevertheless, he must decide whether it’s an excellent or bad bet. It really is this decision, or choice, that determines whether the player is to surrender. On many on the web gambling websites, blackjack players must submit their options to the website’s blackjack sellers before the players can begin playing. Players may also elect to surrender if they shed.
Some blackjack websites allow players to generate a single bet. These kinds of casinos allow for only 1 blackjack wager to be placed at any one time. The maximum, then, is one blackjack wager per round; hence the term “dealer blackjack”. At “pre-dealer” blackjack casinos, players could make up to four bets, but only 1 of these bets is considered a “real” bet. These types of casinos are operated by online casinos which have sprung up in recent years.
In blackjack strategy, it is usually best to improve the ante if you sm 카지노 have an opening hand. Players should double their initial expense and place 3 to 4 cards in the pot. Increasing the bet beyond this amount puts the risk of the increased loss of your initial investment in debt. If the initial investment is made into a high quality hand, such as an Ace, King, Queen, Jack and ten cards, the chance of success is raised.
Players are encouraged to bet larger pots than the house allows. This is because of the fact that it is more challenging to get out than it really is to stay in once you have placed a large amount of money in to the pot. Players can nevertheless make insurance bets, however. Insurance coverage bets are not considered “real” blackjack matches. If the house allows players to make them, the house will usually match their bet; if not, they lose the money.
Another way a player can play aggressively is to bet before the dealer includes a blackjack. This is similar to the “take insurance” strategy mentioned above. Players should bet larger pots compared to the house allows since it is harder to obtain out than it is in which to stay. When people win a pot, they’re encouraged to bet the same amount again, whether or not the purchase price drops below their initial bet. When the price does not drop below their initial bet after the win, players should fold. Even so, additionally it is OK for the player to help keep the money if the purchase price goes above their original wager since they may end up losing the amount they placed into the pot to begin with anyhow.
In a few games, such as Texas Hold’em, it is illegal to raise the odds above the home value. If this is the case, it is smart to remember that you could lose everything in the event that you lose an individual hand. Therefore, should you be in a hand with a person who is constantly raising the odds, it might be safer to fold rather than take the risk. Also, it isn’t smart to play aggressive once you learn the person is constantly throwing cards in your direction because you could reduce the pot unexpectedly. Hence, before you make an intense move, be cautious before you do anything because it may be the wrong move to make. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '181', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9589112997055054}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '28990', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LNOVMPBFLKXGPE5NPM4KSENHPGNKAX7W', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:3d46c012-8207-4619-beb1-8e6e453cd122>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 6, 4, 58, 41), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.21.52.130', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DPWKF2XP7ANNVVG23SBBBCUECNC3TZOT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b529aa8a-eab7-4c87-a8f9-3d96148afc21>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://adams310.naynadevinainital.com/2021/04/how-aggressive-is-it-possible-to-be-in-blackjack.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:30e69bd5-b88f-49f6-ba7b-115a0167da72>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '719', 'url': 'https://adams310.naynadevinainital.com/2021/04/how-aggressive-is-it-possible-to-be-in-blackjack.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-17.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07669788599014282', 'original_id': '9b6b8e2ac9a7c360fbb0d8f21da97f7f2966a1f22b02b5b57198acec1bacb85b'} |
A European City With 50 Million People
LondonMany properties of cities are quantitatively predictable due to agglomeration or scaling effects. Do these general relations apply to European cities with centuries of history stretching back to the middle ages, just as they do to younger urban areas in other parts of the world? This is the bold question that Luís Bettencourt and José Lobo address in a recent study(1).
Urban scaling theory predicts that land densities, socioeconomic productivity, or innovation per capita increase predictably with city size. In fact, the path to a richer nation overall depends on two important but uncorrelated dynamics: baseline productivity per capita and city sizes. Nations with a lower productivity can become wealthy by growing larger cities, whereas nations with higher productivity can be rich even with relatively small cities.
Scaling EU Cities Bettencourt & Lobo
Summary scaling exponents for GDP, urbanized area, employment and patents for European cities versus population.
Most large urban systems in Western Europe approximately agree with theoretical expectations, especially France and the UK, though scaling relations become especially clear at the pan-European level. But Luís and José also find some interesting deviations and derive some intriguing—but expected—conclusions.
The strongest deviations from scaling for GDP are observed for Naples and Berlin. In both cases, these cities are either too large in population for their economic performance, or have economies that are too small for their populations. Madrid, in Spain would also be too large.
The Netherlands and Switzerland use urbanization much more efficiently than Germany. They require smaller cities to achieve the same economic performance. Spain or Poland have large cities but could do better by increasing their baseline productivity. Switzerland or The Netherlands could become even richer simply by growing their cities further.
As a thought experiment, Luis and Jose extrapolated the expectations of Zipf’s law for the size of the largest cities in the EU and they find a city with population above 50 million people. In fact, the largest city in the EU should have a population of 58 million people, the second 29 million, and the third about 19 million. The fifth largest city would be roughly the size of today’s Paris or London, with more than 11 million people. The GDP of the largest city would be 6.5 times larger than that of Paris or London today, which corresponds to an increase of 30% per capita in these cities.
To the best of my knowledge, the authors have not been hired to promote further EU integration or as part of anti-Brexit campaign. All this, you know, is a pure mathematical exercise!
(1) Bettencourt, L., & Lobo, J. (2016). Urban scaling in Europe Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 13 (116) DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0005
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Theoretical design of a bis-orthopepetide derivative of a tetracationic porphyrin targeted toward a six-base pair sequence of DNA.
Tetra-(4-N-methylpyridyl)-porphyrin, (T4MPyP), is a tetracationic porphyrin that binds to G-C sequences of DNA by means of an intercalative mode. In order to extend its selective sequence recognition capacity for bases beyond the intercalation site, and in the major groove, we have undertaken the theoretical design of bis-ortho peptide derivatives of T4MPyP. In these, two ortho N-methylpiperidinium nitrogens are linked to a cationic residue, L-Lys, L-Orn, or L-Arg. The binding energetics of these novel compounds were compared for six distinct double-stranded palindromic hexanucleotide sequences. Four distinct modes of binding were compared: a) major, b) minor groove binding of both peptidic arms; c) a straddling mode in which each arm is in a different groove of DNA; d) exclusive binding of the arms to the sugar-phosphate backbone. For our most promising compound, that with Lys side-chains, a distinctive energetical advantage was computed in favor of an all-major groove binding to sequence d(CCCGGG)2. The corresponding complex is separated by an energy gap of 12 kcal/mol, with respect to the second-best sequence bound in the major groove, d(GGCGCC)2, and of 20 kcal/mol with respect to minor groove binding to sequence d(TACGTA)2. The results obtained with such a prototypic compound indicate that it is fully possible to design sequence selective (> 6 base-pairs) photosensitizers as peptide derivatives of T4MPyP and prompt the engineering of further, more complex analogs thereof. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '51fa02e0c6e3156bc63b074aa90084c99ca7e917f64bbfa76ceccbec61c69c0e'} |
The Israeli cyber security company ClearSky announced on Thursday evening that the Hamas terror organization has launched espionage software for smartphones which pretends to be an application used by Israelis to receive Code Red alerts to warn of incoming rockets.
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According to the company, Hamas has attempted to make Israelis download the malware on their smartphones in an effort to take control of their devices and spy on them.
ClearSky said that it believes the phony application has been in the offing for some time, but its launch was only scheduled to coincide with a barrages of rockets fired at Israel—as they were between Wednesday and Thursday—in an effort to confuse Israelis about the authenticity of genuine Code Red alert in southern Israel.
Genuine and official application download (L), fake app (R)
The application is reached via a fake website purporting to be the Israeli “Code Red” website. Israelis are then duped into downloading the app, according to the cyber security company, through the use of fictitious Facebook profiles, bots on Twitter, emails and other methods.
ClearSky CEO Boaz Dolev released a statement on the matter saying that his company had discovered the hacking scheme as part of its monitoring activities, leading the firm to come across websites that mislead Israelis into installing malware.
“When you the download an application, it takes control of your cell phone and enables the operator to track the device, receive its location, to take photos, record sound, make phone calls, send messages and other things that the device can do,” Dolev warned.
“According to a series of data we have collected, it is clear that Hamas will time the attack as a cyber arm of the current rocket attacks on Israel,” he added.
Dolev also warned that there is no way of removing the application once it has been downloaded, urging people to only download apps from official app stores.
“Unfortunately, it looks like if the software has already been downloaded, deleting the application won't help and won’t remove the malware and the cell phone will continue to transmit all its information to the operator.”
ClearSky also identified another attempt by Hamas to attack Israeli internet browsers using a file containing malicious software which is downloaded to computers and cellular phones when a fake registration form is downloaded to Cellcom TV.
Over 180 rockets were fired from Gaza between Wednesday and Thursday, with the IDF retaliating with heavy bombardments in the strip, destroying a 5-story building, as well as several terror tunnels, military complexes and other targets.
At least seven Israelis were wounded from the Gaza rockets, with one landing as far as Be'er Sheva. Mortar shells and rockets also hit the entrance of a residential home in Sderot, a house in Hof Ashkelon Regional Council and a building in an industrial zone of the Sha'ar HaNegev Regional Council. The Iron Dome intercepted at least 30 rockets.
Palestinian officials said at least three people were killed in the Israeli attacks: Hamas fighter Ali Ghandour, 23-year-old Enas Khamash, who was pregnant, and her 18-month-old daughter Bayan. At least five civilians were wounded. Gaza's Health Ministry said the militant and the civilians were killed in separate incidents. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '7a55a8279fba1185e7d2ceb3d78040569506995412553fd2ceebcabc2e80d328'} |
22 Şubat 2011 Salı
Luwians: the first inhabitants of western Anatolia and possibly the Aegean region
Türkçesi Luviler. Batı Anadolu'nun ve muhtemelen Ege Denizi bölgesinin ilk sakinleri
The Hellenes were certainly neither the first Anatolians nor the first group in the region. Even when one limits the issue with the coast of western Anatolia, we know that the place they came to and settled down later was not empty. In fact, the discourse of Anatolians versus Hellenes owes its existence to this information. We also have an idea, to a certain extent, about how to name these groups that were in this region right before the Greeks. They go by the name Luwians.
It seems that the Luwians had settled in this land, region, before the Greeks did. Of course, one needs to ask which Hellenes these were. Are we talking here about only the Ionians, Dorians and Aeolians or are we going as far back as the first Greeks, those who we today call Mycenaeans but they appear as Ahhiyawans, Argives, Achaeans and Danaois in history? However, in both cases, one comes across the Indo-European speaking groups as one of the oldest groups in this area; and the Luwians are not alone, either. The Anatolian branch to which they belonged has other branches named Palaic and Hittitian. The Palaians were in the northwestern section of Anatolia, close to the Black Sea, a region called Paphlagonia, whereas the Hittites were in Central Anatolia.
We do not know what languages were being spoken in Anatolia before the Luwians and their other linguistic relatives and in which language family this pre-Indo-European stratum should be considered. In fact, since the Anatolian is the first branch of the Indo-European language family separated from it, it may be difficult to place the Anatolian languages that preceded this sub-family within one of today’s widespread language families. However, we know this: there have been people living in this land since the Paleolithic.
Since various dates are given for the arrival time of the Luwians, usually between 3000s and 2000s (and there are also those who see a connection between these groups, the Indo-Europeans, and the site of Demircihöyük in northwestern Turkey) and since the beginning of the Neolithic in Anatolia goes back much further than this, it is not difficult to say there were others in Anatolia, but it is difficult to say what languages these ‘others’ living here were speaking. For example, we know that there were Hattians, those who gave their name to the Hittites, and according to an argument still debated, they spoke a language placed by today’s researchers within the language family of Caucasus, the same family that includes the present day Circassian languages. Since it is an older language family (according to some, though there are those who disagree), this argument seems plausible; but then there might have been some other language or languages that did not leave any trace and therefore we do not know anything about them. To sum it up, since we do not have much to go on with, reaching definite conclusions does not seem possible, at least for now.
Restricting ourselves with the region of western Anatolia for now, yes, we do see the Luwians in this area before the arrival of Greeks. However, before losing ourselves in more details, we need to explain what we mean by the term western Anatolia, how we define it, and whether or not this term is sufficient by itself to help create an historical discourse that makes sense. If we define western Anatolia in terms of how it is understood today, we may be distorting, whether intentionally or not, the past of this particular region right from the beginning. We either need to discard the concept of western Anatolia and find another one more comprehensive for our purpose, such as the Aegean region, or we will handle this geographical area, the Western Anatolia, with its natural extension, that is, the Aegean Sea. We cannot apply today’s political borders and ethnic geography to the past; this would lead to the historical distortion mentioned above. Therefore, one needs to take up the history of the Western Anatolia with its natural extension that obviously politically and culturally existed at that time, namely, the Aegean Sea and its opposite coast, the Greek mainland. For, regardless of how we may approach this subject, a mutually formed world, a net of relations, connections, is obviously the case during this period.
Now, if we return to our original subject, before the first Greeks, the groups speaking Luwian languages had already settled down in at least along the western section of the Aegean region and possibly the Greek mainland as well. It is possible that there were groups who spoke different languages, but the historical sources do not say anything about them. In fact, the same sources are very much silent with regard to the Luwians, too. Therefore, beyond a certain point, the past of this region is without ethnic identities. Nevertheless, there is an important civilization in this region during this time, even though we have no information on the language they spoke: the civilization we today call the Minoans.
The issue of from where the Minoans came to Crete, a Greek island to the south of the Aegean Sea, has not been resolved yet. But at least according to a recent genetic study done on Crete (Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic), whereas the samples coming from the neolithic sites of the Greek mainland show genetic affinity with the Balkans, the Cretan ones show affinity with the Central and Mediterranean regions of Anatolia. Moreover, again according to this study, one observes a similar separation in the case of the bread wheat as well. While one sees Triticum aestivum in the Neolithic Anatolia, Crete and Southern Italia, the same is not the case in the Neolithic mainland Greece.
The Minoans were one of the politically and perhaps culturally dominant groups of the Aegean region until the Greeks. The civilization they founded was definitely this region’s single most conspicuous civilization during the 3rd and 2nd millennia. If there was anything in the western Anatolia section (for example such as Troya), these were not as radiant as the Minoan civilization.
It is very difficult to determine the ethnic geography of this period without sufficient resources. We may approach the issue as ‘those are from us, the others are from them or those are Greek descendants, and these are Anatolian’, but not without serious methodological problems. Although we tend to extend the ethnic identities with which we define ourselves today back thousands of years in the process of building them on certain biological connections that we consider correct, the ethnic identities or origin discourses are always formed in such a way as to make sense in their own times. If we want to get to the true ethnic picture of this period or if we ever get lucky enough one day to get to such a picture, we will most probably come across a much more complex and different sight than our presently too simplified version.
The term Luwian actually refers to a language or rather a sub-branch, one that extended from Greece all the way to nearly Syria; perhaps a Luwian linguistic region would be an apt term for this area. This of course does not mean that everyone in this region spoke the same language or rather the dialect; nor should we assume that they all considered themselves in the same ethnic group. Furthermore, if we accept that the Luwian speakers spread out to the Aegean sea and even mainland Greece and Crete, then it would not be right to see them as the original Anatolians, either. In fact, I believe, inventing a discourse of Anatolians that will cover this period as well and extending this historical construction, which rather reflects today’s wishes and demands, to the past, is, judging from the present findings, absurd as well as wrong. Nevertheless, the Luwian speaking groups (and those Palaic- and Hittite-speaking groups from the same language family, too) are the oldest groups we know of from this region. There are of course those who came before them, whether or not they spoke Indo-European languages, but we can only talk about insofar as the material remains they left behind and this presents a situation even more ambiguous than that we encounter in the case of the Luwian speaking groups.
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Don’t Mess With Nature
Doggone Pancho Wins the La Primativa Lottery
El Gordo de la Primitiva (the big one), commonly known as El Gordo, is one of the Loterías y Apuestas del Estado (Spanish state lotteries).
A lottery is a form of gambling which involves the drawing of lots for a prize. The word stems from the Dutch word loterij, which is derived from the noun lot meaning fate or destiny. Lottery is outlawed by some governments, while others endorse it to the extent of organizing a national or state lottery.
Don’t Monkey With Catherine Zeta-Jones’ Visa Card
Adventureland Friskies Feeds The Senses
Canned or wet [cat] food (75-78% moisture) generally comes in common can sizes of 3 oz (85 g), 5.5 oz (156 g), and 13 oz (369 g).
Friskies is a brand of cat food marketed and manufactured by the Nestlé Purina PetCare Company subsidiary of Nestlé. The brand is offered as a canned soft food, as well as dry kibbles. Flavors include Poultry, Beef, and Seafood.
Doritos Mousetrap
The traditional [springloaded-bar mousetrap] was invented by Hiram Maxim. It is a simple device with a heavily springloaded bar and a trip to release it. Stereotypically, cheese is placed on the trip as bait, but this works well as, in reality, most mice like cheese; and they will take other food such as oats, chocolate, bread or meat. Butter and peanut butter are also quite effective.
Doritos are made from ground corn, corn oil, and seasoning.
Nuts About Bridgestone
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How long will a temporary MEMORY table persist if I don't drop it (MySQL)
I'm using a recursive stored procedure in MySQL to generate a temporary table called id_list, but I must use the results of that procedure in a follow up select query, so I can't DROP the temporary table within the procedure...
BEGIN;
/* generates the temporary table of ID's */
CALL fetch_inheritance_groups('abc123',0);
/* uses the results of the SPROC in the WHERE */
SELECT a.User_ID
FROM usr_relationships r
INNER JOIN usr_accts a ON a.User_ID = r.User_ID
WHERE r.Group_ID = 'abc123' OR r.Group_ID IN (SELECT * FROM id_list)
GROUP BY r.User_ID;
COMMIT;
When calling the procedure, the first value is the top ID of the branch I want, and the second is the tier which the procedure uses during recursions. Prior to the recursive loop it checks if tier = 0 and if it is it runs:
DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS id_list;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS id_list (iid CHAR(32) NOT NULL) ENGINE=memory;
So my question is: If I don't DROP the temporary MEMORY table at the end of the procedure, or within my transaction, how long will that table persist in memory? Is it automatically dropped once the session ends, or will it remain in memory as long as the connection is open?
**N.B. The obvious answer might be to drop the temp table prior to the commit statement, but lets assume for a moment that I can't do that.*
A more detailed answer to this question can be found here: https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/57971/how-long-will-a-temporary-memory-table-persist-if-i-dont-drop-it-mysql so I've voted to close this question.
This question was cross posted in the DBA StackExchange and I answered it : http://dba.stackexchange.com/a/57976/877
Per the manual, the temporary table is dropped automatically when the connection is closed (emphasis mine):
Temporary Tables
You can use the TEMPORARY keyword when creating a table. A TEMPORARY
table is visible only to the current connection, and is dropped
automatically when the connection is closed.
Thank Ike, I asked the same of another response, I'm trying to figure out if it's tied to the connection (which may be persistent across requests) vs the request itself. From the sounds of the man page you've pointed at, it's the connection, so we would need to explicitly drop the memory table if we employ persistent connections. Does that sound right?
Yes, I would recommend dropping it explicitly if you employ persistent connections.
Temporary tables are in the scope of database connection
So if the system uses persistent connections / caches connections, then the MEMORY table would persist as long as that users connection remains active, from REQUEST to REQUEST?
Yes. But you can drop temp table if it exist
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Ovid (2709)
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Journal of Ovid (2709)
Thursday January 13, 2005
04:57 PM
Which SQL Style is Better?
[ #22704 ]
We have views that reference more than one table. Our views have a primary table they are based upon and fields from "non-primary tables." To make it very clear which fields are which, there's been a bit of discussion regarding how to make it visually distinct that a particular field is from a table that is not the primary table of the view. Which of the following is clearer?
Using double underscores to separate the other table name from its field name:
FROM some_view
Quoting column names and using periods as separators:
SELECT "id",
FROM some_view
Is the latter portable? Is the former too confusing? Which is easier to read? Are there reasonable alternatives?
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• How come you can't just say:
SELECT id,
FROM some_view
- Jason
• You have to quote them because it's invalid syntax if you don't them (unless you actually specify the other table in your "FROM" clause.) You see, the dot is standard syntax for indicating that you're pulling the data from another table:
SELECT name,
FROM bar, this
WHERE bar.this_id =
• I don't like calling things ugly, but double underscores are ugly. IMO they're subject to the whims of fonts/editors, so it's hard to tell if there's a single or double underscore.
My initial reaction was the same as Jason's -- why do you need the quotes at all?
• See my response above. It's illegal syntax to have a dot in the field name unless you're actually joining on that other table.
• If two underscores are considred ugly, is there any reason you can't just type:
SELECT id,
FROM some_view
It's probably pretty obvious that the prefix actually is a table name prefix. At least that's my experience when naming constraints in our databases. They follow that naming convention.
Ovid, if you can post it, what would real life ex
• It took me a bit to realise how it was that you had a choice in the matter. Like Purdy I just wondered why you didn't use un-quoted (normal) SQL.
But of course you're using a view and you're talking about how to name columns in that view in a meaningful way. It's clear once I made that minor mental twist.
In my opinion don't use the latter. Anything that suggests you can use dots, as you do with normal selects from tables, will probably have people making the mistake of deleting or omitting the quot
• I agree about not using dots. If you're going to use weird characters in the column names that require quoting, then why use dots, which will only confuse things because of their normal use? You'd be better off using % or $ or / or anything other than dots.
But really, rather than weird characters or double underscores, if you have to have something why not a prefix like 'NP_' for 'nonprimary' or something? Or maybe you can distinguish by using uppercase?
• Seriously, don't use either approach.
What's not clear to me is why you're using the views in the first place. If you're trying to hide or limit access to the underlying tables, then either approach goes counter to the goal. If you're using the views to encapsulate logic or something like that, then choose meaningful names for the columns. There must be some reason why that column is visible in the view -- choose a name that describes its function.
In any case, letting the underlying tables "show thru" i
• While this is not my design, in this particular case it works, though it's a long story why. The database, while still being used as a database, is being used in a most unusual fashion. We are not trying to hide or limit access and, because of the way things are structured, these names really are meaningful. It's a long story why but when Bricolage 2 comes out, it will be more clear what is going on. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '55', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9174258708953856}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '41622', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZMITHOXYBMEOLWFZAZNC7DFJHHHKZEL4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5c1de89b-b4ab-434f-8f57-387d36a75e4b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 11, 22, 34, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.34.181.97', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QVCDVBV77CCNE2J7SOUHOSCSBGNLWAU4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a2d0d882-3c01-407b-af8a-15d068e388a8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://use.perl.org/use.perl.org/_Ovid/journal/22704.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:79c3f027-982a-48f3-95f4-644520b42684>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '753', 'url': 'http://use.perl.org/use.perl.org/_Ovid/journal/22704.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.8490170240402222', 'original_id': '50428d170440bd74cc6fd25c4694561ea34f1fd6834fbd928120043422f0829d'} |
The Golden Handshake[1] is an object that appears in the Sonic the Comic series published by Fleetway Editions. It is a statuette exhibited at the Museum of Arty Art.
The Golden Handshake, as implied by its name, is a gold statuette depicting two hands shaking.
After stealing the Bronze Monkey, Loot the Treasure Seeker invaded the Museum of Arty Art during daytime and stole the Golden Handshake in front of the curator, Miles "Tails" Prower and Harry Mole. Using his powers to turn him and the Golden Handshake invisible, Loot tried to escape but was stopped by Tails and Harry, who returned the Golden Handshake to the curator.[1]
1. 1.0 1.1 Sonic the Comic #129, "Clear as Mud"
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Rooster Booster Soil Conditioner 35L
Brand: South-Hort
Product Code: HMRB35
Reward Points: 9
Ex Tax: $9.57
Rooster Booster is a combination of aged pine bark, rotted sawdust and chicken manure. It is a great way to add nutrients into your garden soil.
What are the benefits of using Rooster Booster?
Rooster Booster is a soil conditioner and feed that is great for adding vitality to your plants.
• Safe for roses
• Great for adding a boost to your vegetable plants
• Excellent soil conditioner
• Feeds the soil
How do I use this mix?
A recommended appliction is up to 100mm depth mixed with your soil that is already there. We do not recommend that you plant directly into this mix.
Helpful Hint: Avoid heavy application around rhododendrons and other surface rooting plants
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Posts Tagged ‘quad-zone triggering’
Tech Tip: Quad Zone Triggering
One of the key features of the PocketWizard Plus® III is “Quad-Zone Triggering.” This feature traces its roots back to the MultiMAX® where it has proven itself to be a game changer for many professional photographers. With the feature now found in the more affordable Plus III, more photographers have this capability within their reach. So what does it do?
Quad-Zone Triggering allows photographers to assign lights or cameras to one of four zones; A-B-C or D and then they can turn a zone on or off with the simple push of a button on the transmitting radio. This could be used to turn a single light on or off, or a group of lights on or off (you can have as many lights or cameras per zone as you want). It can also be used to turn a remote camera, or group of cameras, on or off. We’ll take a look at each scenario.
Building your Lighting
You’re in a studio situation taking portraits. You’re using five different lights; one is the key, one is a fill, two are for the background, and one is for highlights. You want to be able to see the impact of each light and make sure you have the proper power setting. Without Quad-Zone Triggering, this would be a very challenging task unless you had a group of assistants to turn the various lights on and off. With Quad-Zone Triggering you simply select the light you want to turn on/off from the transmitting radio and take a shot. Each light or group of lights (in this case the two background lights) is assigned a zone, either A-B-C or D. Turning on one zone at a time allows you to see just the light from that zone making it far easier to make adjustments.
Multiple Lighting Setup
You’re shooting a wedding reception and you want to offer a variety of images and a few different looks to the couple. Prior to the reception you’ve set-up several lights around the room with Plus III’s as the receiver and assigned a zone to each light and/or a zone to groups of lights. Using Quad-Zone Triggering, you can turn the light(s) from each zone on or off at-will right from your camera to change the lighting on the fly and create different images from the same scene.
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Saturday, April 07, 2012
Published By: Random House
DOP: Feb7, 2012
Genre: Narrative Non-Fiction
Helloooo Everyone! It's been ages, I hope so much you are all doing well. I'm really sorry I haven't been updating this blog, but life's been busy oft late and horror of horrors, I haven't been doing much reading! I think I've read all of 2 books in 6 months. A truly awful record for someone who used to read a book a week. Anyway, I have come to the sad realization that even if I make the time to read, I may never have enough time to write an in-depth review, so I've decided to introduce mini reviews, or maybe, just the title of the book I am reading or one I hope to read. This way, we can all still stay in touch. Like the idea? I sure hope so!
A few weeks ago I read Katherine Boo's "Behind the Beautiful Forevers". To be honest, I wasn't really looking forward to reading one more book about life in a Mumbai slum, after all, I've had them as neighbours for years and I thought I knew everything about the folks that live there...but, I was happy to be proved wrong.
Pulitzer Prize winning journalist, Katherine Boo spent three years( 2008-2010 )in a Mumbai slum called "Annawadi" situated on the fringes of the city's international airport. In 1991 labourers were brought in from the villages of Tamil Nadu to work on the runway and once construction was completed, instead of returning to their villages they decided to stick around in the city of dreams and thus the slum "Annawadi" came to be. Why anyone would want to live in “a sodden, snake-filled bit of brushland across the street from the international terminal" is a baffling question to many, but because rural poverty is bleaker than urban destitution, many rural migrants choose the latter. Over the years Annawadi has undergone many changes, not just cosmetically but also demographically and many of the Tamilian labourers, have since moved elsewhere leaving room for new migrants from all over the country making it a microcosm of India-on-the-margins.
Through the lives of several protagonists the reader is able to get a glimpse into what life may be like in a Mumbai slum. Abdul Hussain, the bread winner of the only Muslim family in the slum is a garbage picker/sorter and seller. It's the only thing he has ever done and so naturally he is somewhat of an expert at it, and as a result of his long, daily slog his family is perhaps the most prosperous family in Annawadi. Abdul and his family are highly resented in Annawadi, not because they are Muslim, but because economically they are doing better than most of the neighbours. Caste may be the main cause for discrimination in rural India, but Boo finds that in the slums, economic envy is the new discrimination.
Then there's Fatima, or "One-Leg" as she is better known. Because she is disabled and a woman, Fatima has virtually no standing in the slum but she is determined to have a good time, even if society deems she should not. While she may possess a couldn't-care-less attitude Fatima also has a violent temper and it's one of her rages that leads to some of the most riveting events in the book which allow Boo to access government hospitals, the criminal justice system and the enormous web of corruption that much of India is enveloped in.
Another fascinating person character is Asha who is married to a good-for-nothing drunkard but thankfully she has enough ambition for the two of them. By latching herself onto a small-time politician she becomes a "fixer" (someone who is able to grant favours in the slum for a fee) and in that way, she is able to send her daughter to college to become the first female college graduate in Annawadi.
And finally, there's Kalu, who braves the barbed wire of Mumbai airports to get at the recycling bins, the contents of which he sells to Abdul; and Sunil, a smelly and courageous scavenger with a head for heights. It is in knowing these two scavengers that the reader realizes that no matter how tough the lives are the kids of Annawadi are, they never stop dreaming. Their dreams aren't big ones, many a time their dreams don't even involve leaving the slum for a better place, all they want is to better themselves, to climb that next rung on the ladder. And yet, despite the dreams, hopelessness is sometimes rife, the rate of suicide in a slum is quite high.
It is through these remarkable protagonists that Boo manages to paint a lively,colourful and yet poignant (depressing too) picture of slum life. Sometimes I found the narrative read like Alaa Al Aswamy's "Al Yacoubian Building" where each resident family had a stand alone story to tell and yet contributed to the bigger story of Mumbai, but more fascinating to me was how globalization impacts the slum dwellers, their fortunes rising and waning along with the price of certain global commodities. Most of the people in this Annawadi slum rely on garbage as a livelihood. When the economy is strong, construction is booming and the demand for aluminium, copper, iron, steel etc. is high, so is the value of the commodity-related waste. Similarly, when there's a worldwide recession and builders run out of money forcing constructions to come to a stand still, it hits the rag pickers like a tidal wave. In this way Boo gives the butterfly effect of globalization a human face.
Now all that remains is to allow you to pick up the book or the audio book (which is what I used) and allow Katherine Boo to take you along with her into Annawadi, where tales of treachery, comedy, heartbreak, betrayal and resilience make this a mesmerizing read.
Monday, October 03, 2011
Barcelona Diary (Sep 2011) Las Ramblas
Las Ramblas in Barcelona is a large pedestrian street lined with restaurants, cafes, souvenir shops, flower kiosks and bustling with tourists, locals, hustlers and performing artists from almost every genre.
Depending on whom you ask, you will be told that the promenade is either a "must-see" or "to be avoided at all costs". I tend to fall in the former category. While Las Ramblas abounds with pickpockets, Pakistani men wanting to sell you their Chinese-made toys and over- priced restaurants with bland food, it's a MUST for people-watching! And that's not all, Las Ramblas is dotted with some beautiful turn-of-the-century buildings like the Liecu Opera House (our apartment was right next door to the Opera) and the Boqueria Open Market, it also has some amazing art deco sculptures.
The very crowded Las Ramblas, tree-lined Las Ramblas, the nerve centre of Barcelona.
At one end of Las Ramblas is the huge Place de Catalunya and at the other end, the old port. It would take you no more than 20 mins to walk the entire length of the promenade from end to end.
As I mentioned, some old and beautiful buildings line Las Ramblas. This patisserie here is called "Escriba" and every morning I would step inside for an almond croissant for breakfast, although Escriba is better known for their life-size chocolate models of famous personalities!
Human Statue 1 - Las Ramblas
Human Statue 2 - Artist - Las Ramblas
The human statues, on their little homemade plinths, are a huge attraction on Las Ramblas. People constantly want to pose with them. Some can stand absolutely lifeless (in the most difficult poses) for hours together and some are constantly entertaining. Many are waiters, or actors that wait while they look for the perfect acting part. Las Ramblas simply wouldn't be Las Ramblas without these human statues.
One of the highlights of Las Ramblas was its open air market, Mercat de la Boqueira. After I was done buying my croissants at Escriba I would dash into Boquiera for some fruit juice. Boqueira is home to every conceivable fruit, sea food and ham and is an absolute feast for the senses. And if you understand Spanish it's an ideal place to eavesdrop on recipes! I was watching people buy mussels, it was so funny how everyone seemed to have his or her own way of cooking the mollusc!
Boquira photos courtesy my good friend, Anjum Poonawalla.
Remember when I said a walk down Las Ramblas yields unexpected surprises? Well, here's one! A modernista dragon designed either by Joan Miro or Gaudi ( I can't remember) for a former umbrella shop. Las Ramblas is full of little gems like this one...but you have to look for them...a veritable treasure hunt!
Modernista Dragon designed for a former umbrella store. Las Ramblas is full of excellent finds like this one.
Another interesting building on Las Ramblas, the Eglesia de Betlem
...notice the beautiful green-capped portals and relief.
La Riera Baxia, El Raval.
El Raval is a neighbourhood bordering Las Ramblas. Unlike Barri Gothic or the "Old Town" which still maintains its medieval charm, El Raval is an edgier neighbourhood with artists and immigrants from Pakistan, Indonesia, East Europe and Morocco filling the apartment blocks down its streets. La Riera Baxia (image above) is a street in El Raval well known for its vintage stores. I was lucky enough to buy a Valentino bag here.
The streets of El Raval are very colourful both literally and figuratively. Throw a stone and it's bound to land on a graffiti-splattered facade. This is a really great neighbourhood to explore if you enjoy street art!
Housing project El Raval
El Raval, because of its proximity to the City Center is destined for greatness. Infact, it's a district in the throes of transformation. However, at the moment, it is a barrio of great contrasts. Turn in to El Raval from Las Ramblas and you're suddenly accosted with high end boutiques, restaurants,cafes and art galleries..but walk to the other end and you see crumbling housing projects or dilapidated buildings in narrow alleyways.
Barri Gothic Square. Close by and housed in five adjoining medical palaces is Museu Picasso which is well known for its collection of Picasso's early works. The image above is a reprint of Picasso's "Self Portrait with a Palette" from 1906. (Unfortunately, you don't see the palette in this print )
Monument to Christopher Columbus: At the Port or Harbour end of Las Ramblas is the impressive Columbus monument. Although still debated by some, most scholars are convinced that Columbus was a Catalan. The monument marks the spot where Columbus stepped ashore in 1493 after returning from his voyage to the Caribbean bringing with him six Caribbean Indians.
Monday, September 26, 2011
Barcelona Diary (Sep 2011) Bullfighting
Yesterday ( Sep 25, 2011) more than 600 years of history came to an end in Barcelona as the city hosted its last ever bullfight. It delights me to know that after this, no Spanish fighting bull or "toro bravo" as the breed is known, will be killed in the name of sport, art or tradition again, at least in Barcelona.
The Catalonians are understandably proud to be the first region in Spain to ban bullfighting. Supporters of the sport claim that they (Catalonia) did it just to have one more thing to differentiate them from the rest of Spain, but activists insisted that it was voted out because it was a barbaric sport and had no place in an enlightened society.
Above: Barcelona's only remaining Bullfight arena, the Plaza de Toros Monumental. A very striking building made of bricks in the Mujedar (Moor) and Byzantine style. The ban will only affect "bullfighting" and not other sports in which the bull is involved, like "correbou" where the public chase bulls through narrow streets, or "bouembolat" where festivities involve attaching mini fire torches to the bull's horns.
Correbou (not my own picture)
Bouembolat : is a tradition that was first started in the Valencia region of Catalonia. In days of old it was not uncommon for people to be fatally charged by bulls as they walked along poorly-lit streets. To prevent accidents like that from happening, it was decided that bulls would be fitted with fire torches and that way, not only would they light up the streets but it would also warn people to their presence. Nowadays the lights aren't necessary but the tradition continues. Photo courtesy: Josep Llouis Sellart
Arenas de Barcelona, with its beautiful neo-mujedar architecture, used to be a bullfighting arena but has now been converted into a shopping plaza which houses an excellent Desigual store. For the uninitiated, Desigual is a Spanish clothing store, known for their colourful, ultra-urban fashion with their headquarters and flagship store in Barcelona. More on Desigual when I post about shopping in Barcelona.
Wednesday, September 21, 2011
Barcelona (Sep 2011) Gaudi's Casa Batllo
What's the first thought that comes to your mind when I mention Barcelona? If you thought "Gaudi" you would be with the majority for Gaudi is synonymous with Barcelona. Everywhere you go in the city, you're never too far away from a Gaudi casa or sculpture. Infact, the road we lived on in Barcelona, Las Ramblas, has several little Gaudi sculptures, photos of which I will include later.
Gaudi's work, which has been described as "Catalan Modernisme" is supremely original. Apparently he was inspired by a nationalistic search for a romantic medieval past and there are elements of medieval and surreal styles in a lot of his work.
Below are pictures of Casa Batllo. I fell in love with this Casa the minute I laid eyes on it because it looked like a house out of a fairytale. Later when I was reading up on the house I discovered that this apartment block was designed to symbolise the legend of St. George killing the dragon, whose scaly back arches above the main facade.
Facade: It is said that when Salvador Dali saw the curving walls and windows of Casa Batllo he observed them as "representing waves on a stormy day". Because the spindly columns were sometimes compared to tibias, Casa Batllo was also called "House of Bones"
Dining Room: The bulbous forms in the ceiling of the Batllo family's dining room are thought to represent the splash caused by a drop of water.
The Main Drawing Room: "One side of this room is formed by stained-glass windows looking out over the Passeig de Gracia. The ceiling plaster is moulded into a spiral and the doors and window framed undulate playfully."
The interior skylight at Casa can't tell from this photo but the blue gets more intense as you travel upwards. This is so that the intensity of light is equal no matter which floor you go to. Gaudi was a genius!
Attics: Don't the arches give one the sensation of being inside the skeleton of a large animal?
Some people say Gaudi created Casa Batllo after reading Jules Verne's "20,000 Leagues Under The Sea" and wanted the house to appear as though it were under water. In this case, the mosaic pattern could easily pass for a colony of brightly-coloured molluscs.
One of the most talked-about features of the house is the Dragon's Back and Cross. The Cross was made in Mallorca but was damaged in transit . Gaudi apparently liked the cracked facade and refused to send it back for repairs.
Another view of the cross but this time with the chimneys. Chimneys were usually an unseen, hidden part of the house but Gaudi liked to show them off.
Tuesday, September 20, 2011
Barcelona Diary (Sep 2011) The Catalans, Barcelona Harbour and Montjuic Cemetery
Today I'm going to take a break from the Paris Diaries and visit Barcelona (by special request.)
Everyone's heard of the friendly, fun-loving, fiesta-mad Spaniard so it is with great excitement that we boarded our plane for Barcelona, but as we found out in Paris, stereotyping can be dangerous and misleading. The Parisian, we found out to our relief, is not rude as everyone, including travel writers, would have us believe, but it was time to put the Spanish people to the test!
I guess our first mistake was to think that all Spanish people are alike. Spain is made up of many distinct regions and Barcelona is the capital of the Catalonia region of Spain and thus home to the Catalans who do not like being called "Spanish". They have a distinct culture and language and following the death of Franco, the region was granted political autonomy by the new democratic government. Going by the Spanish stereotypes it would be safe to say that Barcelona is probably the least Spanish city in the country.
Sadly, the Catalans do not get very good press in the rest of Spain. The Spanish people see them as being fiercely nationalistic, mean and unfriendly. When we asked a Catalan friend to explain why this may be so, he said that Catalans were a reserved people who took time to make friends and that reservedness is often mistaken for being unfriendly. He seemed to think the Spanish habit of embracing anyone and everyone as a new best friend was tacky and superficial! :)
We weren't there long enough to make an accurate observation on the Catalan character but I will say they seemed very reserved - they would speak only when spoken to and at times seemed rather abrupt, but their dedication to style, looks, aesthetics and so on is admirable! Barcelona is, without a doubt, a confident, progressive city - one that preserves its past proudly but which is also tirelessly self-inventive. If you read its history and observe its architecture it's plain to see this is a region of proud, confident people who are not afraid to think outside the box. I'm going to post pics of some of the buildings we saw around Barcelona and you can judge for yourselves.
The drive from the airport into the city was quite interesting with the thriving port on the right and the beautiful Montjuic cemetery in the hills on the left. The cemetery seemed to run for acres and acres (I read later that it was 57 acres of cypress forest) and is a resting place for some of Barcelona's most elite citizens and also a fabulous place wherein to observe architecture of many different styles and periods. However, what's challenging is the lack of information on this cemetery in most of the guide books. Turns out the Catalans don't like to take tourists to this place because they consider cemeteries morbid and the idea that a cemetery can be a tourist attraction is rather distasteful to them. Still, if one has the time, I think it might be a great place to visit for the art (the mausoleums are truly wonderful) and also for the beautiful sea views. Unfortunately I only saw fascinating glimpses of it from the taxi.
For more photos of the Montjuic Cemetery go here
Today Barcelona has a truly awesome waterfront, which wasn't always the case. Until a few years ago, the city had turned their backs on the water (literally) with all the development taking place away from the sea. As a result, the beaches were grimy and areas of bad repute and the harbours were home to cargo and container trade only.
Over the past two decades dramatic changes have taken place along the waterfront. Cargo ships have been moved to the south of the city and old dockyards have been given facelifts and now serve as promenades or parks. Beaches have been cleaned up and landscaped.
Beach in Barceloneta.
Barceloneta was once a scrappy fisherman's village but it is now furnished with landscaped beaches, boardwalks, terraced outdoor cafes specializing in seafood, fountains and so on. I took this picture just to get a glimpse of the original Barceloneta.
Standing on a hill in Montjuic with the harbour behind me. Cruise ships are a common sight at the harbour here.
Another view of the harbour
One of the nicest things to do in Barcelona is to grab a funicular from Montjuic and take an aerial tour of the city.
Friday, September 16, 2011
Paris Diary (Aug-Sep) Page 3 Grand Mosque of Paris
It's possible that one of Paris' best kept secrets is its Grand Mosque. Open up any guide to Paris and you will be floored and impressed with write-up's on the Louvre, the Notre Dame, the Eiffel Tower and so on, and so should you be because they are marvellous sights, but after our trip to Paris my family and I have unanimously decided the Grand Mosque is a "must-see".
Built in the Hispano-Moorish style this mosque is a splendid showcase of North African architecture which stands out even more because it is planted among rows of French-style buildings. The minaret is about a 100ft high.
You have to pay to enter the Mosque but it's all so worth it. I could star at this intricate mosaic work for hours.
This is the entrance to the Courtyard, Hammam and Tea shop.
The Courtyard, with its fig trees, fountains, hookahs and mint tea, is the perfect place to relax.
It all began with the tea shop selling North African delicacies like Turkish delight, almond cakes, baklava and so on. The tea place got so popular that a full-fledged restaurant serving Couscous, Tagine and so on, followed suit very quickly.
Some fried chicken, Tagine and Couscous with a glass of very sweet, very nice green mint tea. Bon Appetit.
The only off-putting thing about the visit was the number of beggar women outside the Mosque. I guess it's the same of any place of worship, but these women, many of them in sunglasses to protect their identity (?) were a little intimidating!!!
Thursday, September 15, 2011
Parisian Chic: A Style Guide by Ines de la Fressange
As a woman preparing for a trip to Paris one of my most invaluable reads was Ines de la Fressange's "Parisian Chic: A Style Guide". Parisian chic is legendary and so is their intolerance for sartorial sins. I didn't want my vacation getting off on the wrong foot so I invested in Fressange's book and what a good decision that turned out to be. Fressange, Karl Lagerfield's muse and supermodel in the 80's, lays out in a very easy-to-read manner all the DOs and DON'Ts of Parisian style. Among her many invaluable tips are these ones:
1) Never look rich. Bling, glitter and logos are absolute no-no's when it comes to the Parisian woman. She is uninterested in sporting labels just for the sake of it. Her definition of luxury? "A brand that guarantees good taste, rather than an all-too-obvious price tag.
2) Like the Parisian, be a fashion icon in your own right, worship no idols. "The secret of good style is to feel good in what you wear."
3) NO Fishnet T-shirts, flip-flops, running shoes and Hello Kitty nightgowns.
4) And don't you ever wear bras with a transparent bra straps or you will make a Parisian woman's toes curl with disgust. A stylish, visible bra is far matter how big or small your bust, not wearing a bra is always a mistake.
5) Forget Botox and don't dress like a teenager - trying to look young is the quickest way to look old!
6) The Little Black Dress"The little black dress is not simply an item of clothing, it's a concept. It's abstract, it's universal — which means there's one that's perfect for everyone ... Today the Parisian has several little black dresses, just as she has several pairs of jeans: each is a variation on a theme."
7) Here are Inez's 7 key pieces for a magnificent wardrobe (print and paste to your closet door like I did)
a. Men's Blazer (fitted, fitted, fittted)
b. Trench Coat
c.Navy V-neck sweater (pref. cashmere)
d. Tank Top
e. Little Black Dress
f. Jeans (straight-leg are the safest)
g.Leather Jacket
Ines de le Fressange
9) And finally, the GOLDEN RULE: Never follow convention; never be bland; never neglect yourself.
Here are my impressions of the Parisienne:
She is not good-looking in the way we have come to define good-looking - symmetrical features, big eyes, full lips, defined nose, high cheekbones and perfect teeth. But when you see her you just know this is a woman who is confident in the way she looks and doesn't need to resort to trends to be considered attractive. She possesses a certain something - call it an innate style if you will - that always sets her apart from everyone else.
In my observations I found the Parisienne to be conservative by nature. No ultra mini skirts or low necklines for her and the make-up is very subtle too. She is not fond of artificial talons, infact, gel nails which are so popular here are considered vulgar in Paris. She wears her nails short and usually varnished in a pale pink colour. Natural is in and perhaps that is why you don't find Parisians rushing off to get lasered and botoxed. Infact, in the time that I was there I didn't come across a single clinic for cosmetic surgery, I'm not saying they don't exist, just saying they aren't that popular or lucrative perhaps.
The women (and men) do like to be slim though...if I were to wager a guess I'd say the average dress size would between a 4 or a 6. Apparently they don't like to work out (they call it an 'American pastime', but they love to walk and cycle. They are also very heavy smokers and appear to start young.
Oh and how they love their scarves!!! There were three items of clothing I saw almost every Parisian don - a scarf, a blazer and a pair of ballerines. They seem to favour vintage scarves and each woman has her own favourite way of tying it. Olivier Magny who wrote "Stuff Parisians Like" said this about Parisians and their scarves,
" The choice of scarf is a determining social qualifyer of both style and 'class sociale'. So is the way someone chooses to tie his scarf. Parisians know their scarf will characterize them, identify them, position them, rank them, classify them, distinguish them. There can therefore be no messing around when it comes to choosing a scarf" pg 217.
Ofcourse, my observations here are just generalizations, meant simply to provide a general snapshot of the beautiful women of my new favourite city. Sure, there are exceptions, but not too many so if you're a Parisian who doesn't enjoy wearing a scarf, or ballet flats for shoes, I'd love to hear from you! :) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '27', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9598814249038696}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '193333', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5VMYYU5WL5ZYX2IUXW2PQCFB6FPQOOJA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4d1d0ac3-8069-4705-bd61-2f2e0fb0feed>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 6, 8, 57, 36), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.125.228.236', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MFRKBANLEGJIKI63IYIEH6QRID2GTOUI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c3273f63-a82d-4ec7-bfb1-48e216ff6130>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://lotusreads.blogspot.com/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:afce5dd7-5515-4e9a-836a-9dddf6e8d237>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '4288', 'url': 'http://lotusreads.blogspot.com/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.024847209453582764', 'original_id': '969242c19df92e489fb2cb19398481f8c9b1f0f60ddbce828e626c5ccd85de0a'} |
Prognostic significance of the total dose of cisplatin administered during concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) confers survival benefit over radiotherapy (RT) alone in the treatment of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study explored the prognostic significance of the total dose of cisplatin delivered during CRT. A retrospective analysis was performed in patients with stage II to IVB NPC (AJCC 6th edition) who participated in 3 prospective studies. All patients received cisplatin at a fixed dose of 40 mg/m(2)/week during a 6-7-weeks course of CRT. Chi-square test was used in the univariate analysis. Relationship between prognostic factors, the total dose of cisplatin administered and time-to-event endpoints were analyzed with the Cox Hazards model. Two hundred and forty-one patients were identified with the following stage distribution: Stage II=13.7%, III=45.2%, IV=41.1%. The median total number of cycles of cisplatin administered per patient was 5 cycles (range 1-8 cycles). At a median follow-up of 56.5 months (range 4.2-200.2 months), 93 patients (38.6%) had relapsed and 85 patients (35.2%) died. For all patients, the total number of cycles of cisplatin delivered was significantly associated with survival in the univariate but not the multivariate analysis. In a sub-group analysis of 142 patients with stage II and III NPC, patients who received more than 5 cycles of cisplatin had significantly better overall survival than those who did not (hazard ratio 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.85; p=0.02). Number of cycles of cisplatin delivered is an independent prognostic factor in patients with stage II-III NPC undergoing CRT with weekly cisplatin. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'dcb0e5e649f7ccbc3247bab8c2921d2bd7575d416f79fc4a3cd63242130610d1'} |
---
abstract: 'Bulk electrical dissipation caused by charge-density-wave (CDW) depinning and sliding is a classic subject. We present a novel local, nanoscale mechanism describing the occurrence of mechanical dissipation peaks in the dynamics of an atomic force microscope tip oscillating above the surface of a CDW material. Local surface 2$\pi$ slips of the CDW phase are predicted to take place giving rise to mechanical hysteresis and large dissipation at discrete tip surface distances. The results of our static and dynamic numerical simulations are believed to be relevant to recent experiments on NbSe$_2$; other candidate systems in which similar effects should be observable are also discussed.'
author:
- Franco Pellegrini
- 'Giuseppe E. Santoro'
- Erio Tosatti
title: 'Charge density wave surface phase slips and non-contact nanofriction'
---
Charge-density-waves (CDWs) are static modulations of small amplitude and generally incommensurate periodicities which occur in the electron density distribution and in the lattice positions of a variety of materials [@Gruner_RMP88]. They may derive either by an exchange-driven instability of a metallic Fermi surface [@Overhauser_PR68], or by a lattice dynamical instability leading to a static periodic lattice distortion (PLD) which may equivalently be driven by electrons near Fermi [@Peierls_55; @Woll_PR62] or just by anharmonicity [@Weber_PRL11]. A CDW superstructure, characterized by amplitude $\rho_0$ and phase $\phi(x)$ relative to the underlying crystal lattice can be made to slide with transport of mass and charge and with energy dissipation under external perturbations and fields [@Gruner_RMP88].
Phase slips in bulk CDWs/PLDs are involved in a variety of phenomena, including noise generation [@Coppersmith_PRL90], switching [@Inui_PRB88], current conversion at contacts [@Maher_PRL92], noise [@Ong_PRL84; @Gruner_PRL81] and more. While these phenomena are now classic knowledge, there is to date no parallel work addressing the possibility to mechanically provoke CDW phase slips at a chosen local point. In this letter we describe a two-dimensional model showing how a localized CDW/PLD phase slip may be provoked by external action of an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip at an arbitrarily chosen point outside a surface.
Experiments have for some time revealed the dissipative and frictional effects experienced by nanoprobes in contact or near contact with different surfaces, and considerable theoretical effort is being devoted to their understanding [@Vanossi_RMP13]. The development of ultra-sensitive tools such as the “pendulum” AFM [@Stipe_PRL01; @Gysin_RSI11] offers a chance to investigate more delicate and intimate substrate properties. Near a CDW material the tip oscillations may actuate, through van der Waals or electrostatic coupling, an electronic and atomic movement in the surface right under the tip, amounting in this case to coupling to the CDW order parameter. Owing to the periodic nature of the CDW state, the coupled tip-CDW system has multiple solutions, characterized by a different winding number (a topological property) which differ by a local phase slip, and correspond to different energy branches. At the precise tip-surface distance where the two branches cross, the system will jump from one to the other injecting a local 2$\pi$ phase slip, and the corresponding hysteresis cycle will reflect directly as a mechanical dissipation, persisting even at low tip oscillation frequencies. This scenario and these results are believed to represent closely what is going on in recent experiments on the CDW material NbSe$_2$ [@Langer_NatMat14].
*The Model* — Irrespective of the microscopic mechanism that generated it, we introduce the CDW as a periodic modulation of the ion and electron density $\rho$, of the form $\Delta\rho({\mathbf{r}})=\rho_0\cos({\mathbf{Q}}\cdot{\mathbf{r}}+\phi_0)$, where $\rho_0$ is the amplitude, $\lambda \sim 2\pi Q^{-1}$ the characteristic wavelength, and $\phi_0$ an initially constant phase, fixed by some far away agent. We wish to study the effect of a localized perturbation represented by a weakly interacting and slowly oscillating nano or mesoscopic sized probe hovering above the surface, acting on a length scale $\sigma$ similar to the CDW wavelength, $\sigma\sim \lambda$. In the past, uniform perturbations such as external electric fields or point-like perturbations such as pinning defects have been studied [@Gruner_RMP88; @Fukuyama_PRB78; @Lee_PRB79; @Tucker_PRB89], describing global CDW dynamical sliding, or local static CDW pinning. To address the problem of local CDW dynamics, we now go beyond the straight one-dimensional approximations commonly used in the past.
As in the standard Fukuyama-Lee-Rice model [@Fukuyama_PRB78; @Lee_PRB79] we treat the CDW at the Ginzburg-Landau level as a classical elastic medium, where the CDW modulation is described by a static space (and, later, time) dependent order parameter $\Delta\rho({\mathbf{r}})=A({\mathbf{r}})\cos({\mathbf{Q}}\cdot{\mathbf{r}}+\phi({\mathbf{r}}))$. The unperturbed CDW has constant $A({\mathbf{r}})=\rho_0$ and $\phi({\mathbf{r}})=\phi_0$ and the free energy reads: $$\label{eq:FE0}
{\mathcal{F}}_0[\psi({\mathbf{r}})]=\int\left[-2f_0{\left|\psi({\mathbf{r}})\right|}^2+f_0{\left|\psi({\mathbf{r}})\right|}^4+\kappa{\left|\nabla\psi({\mathbf{r}})\right|}^2\right]\mathrm{d}{\mathbf{r}}\;,$$ where $\psi({\mathbf{r}})=A({\mathbf{r}}) e^{i\phi({\mathbf{r}})}$, $f_0$ and $\kappa$ are nonlinearity and stiffness real positive parameters, respectively, and a unidirectional CDW modulation has been assumed (three superposed modulations could equally well be treated). Next, the perturbation induced by an AFM tip is described as a potential $V({\mathbf{r}})$ coupling to the order parameter $$\label{eq:FEV}
{\mathcal{F}}_V[\psi({\mathbf{r}})]=\int V({\mathbf{r}}) \mathrm{Re} \left[\psi({\mathbf{r}})e^{i{\mathbf{Q}}\cdot{\mathbf{r}}} \right] \mathrm{d}{\mathbf{r}}\;.$$ Past studies of point impurities [@Tucker_PRB89; @Tutto_PRB85] assumed $V({\mathbf{r}})=\sum_i\delta({\mathbf{r}}-{\mathbf{r}}_i)$, one dimension, and coupling was restricted to the CDW phase only, but all of that is inadequate here. Indeed, if one considers a phase-only functional of the form $$\label{eq:FEphi}
{\mathcal{F}}_{\phi}[\phi({\mathbf{r}})] =
\int\left[\kappa{\left|\nabla\phi({\mathbf{r}})\right|}^2+V({\mathbf{r}})\rho_0\cos({\mathbf{Q}}\cdot{\mathbf{r}}+\phi({\mathbf{r}}))\right]\mathrm{d}{\mathbf{r}}$$ and minimizes it in one dimension, the result will be a linear behavior of $\phi(x)$ away from the impurity, unphysical. Therefore, it is mandatory to work in at least two dimensions, where the Laplacian can accommodate solutions which decay far from the perturbation. Moreover, the nature of the phase, defined modulo $2\pi$, implies that, given some boundary conditions, the solution is not uniquely defined unless we also specify the total variation of $\phi$. Assuming the phase to have the unperturbed value $\phi_0$ far from the perturbation, we can define the *winding-number* $N$ $$\label{eq:WN}
N=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int\! \nabla\phi({\mathbf{r}})\; \mathrm{d}x \;,$$ taken along the CDW direction ${\mathbf{Q}}$. The winding-number $N$ is needed to fully specify a solution. However, this procedure leads to a problem of the phase-only approximation : any change in the winding number along the ${\mathbf{Q}}$ direction will reflect itself in the whole perpendicular direction, thus unphysically raising the energy of such a solution. For a physically sensible result we need to involve the amplitude degree of freedom, which will allow for the presence of dislocations and for local changes in the winding-number. We will therefore consider $V({\mathbf{r}})$ with a finite width $\sigma$ of the order of the wavelength $\lambda$, and minimize the total phase and amplitude dependent free energy ${\mathcal{F}}={\mathcal{F}}_0+{\mathcal{F}}_V$ given a specific shape of $V({\mathbf{r}})$. The final result is expected to be similar to what previously considered in the wider context of phase-slip [@Tucker_PRB89] and more specifically in the case of localized phase-slip centers [@Maki_PLA95; @Gorkov_ZETF84]. Namely, the local strain induced by the perturbation on the phase will reduce the order parameter amplitude, to the point where a local phase-slip event becomes possible. In more than one dimension, the boundary between areas with different winding-number will be marked by structures such as *vortices*.
![\[fig:minima\] Charge density $\rho$, order parameter amplitude $A$ and phase $\phi$ potraits for minimal free energy solutions with different winding-number $N$ and tip-surface distance $d$ (in nm). Results from simulations on a $201\times201$ grid with parameters (see text) $f_0=2$ eV/nm, $\kappa=0.2$ eV, $Q=2.5$ nm, $\bar{V}=-9.4$ eV$\cdot$nm, $\bar{\sigma}=1,2$ nm$^{-1}$ and boundary conditions $\psi_0=i$ (right and left sides).](new_minima.eps){width=".5\textwidth"}
From this preliminary analysis we can now anticipate that, as the tip approaches the surface, increasing the strength of $V({\mathbf{r}})$, it might reach points where the energies of solutions with different winding-numbers cross. At these points the transition between successive winding-number manifolds would not be continuous, due to the barrier required to create the vortices. As a result, time dependent oscillations of the tip around these locations would generally occur with hysteresis and, ultimately, mechanical dissipation despite low oscillation frequencies.
*Simulations* — To verify the proposed mechanism, we performed numerical simulations of the tip-CDW surface model, restricted to two dimensions assuming that all effects will heal out below the surface (reasonable in a layer compound). To mimic the tip potential we integrate a van der Waals potential $C/r^6$ over a conical shape at distance $d$ from the surface. The result can be reasonably approximated in the main area under the tip as a Lorentzian $$\label{eq:ExtPot}
V_d({\mathbf{r}})=\frac{V_d^{0}}{{\mathbf{r}}^2+\sigma_d^2} \;,$$ where ${\mathbf{r}}$ is the in-plane distance from the tip central axis, and the parameters scale like $V_d^{0}=\bar{V}/d$ and $\sigma_d=\bar{\sigma}d^2$.
![\[fig:encurves\] Minimal free energy ${\mathcal{F}}$ as a function of tip distance $d$ for subspaces with different winding number $N$ (full lines) and evolution of ${\mathcal{F}}$ during an oscillation with $d_0=1.8$ nm, $\bar{d}=0.4$ nm, $\omega=6\cdot 10^4$ Hz (other parameters are the same as Fig. \[fig:minima\]). Inset: same data rescaled with respect to the $N=1$ value to highlight their difference.](new_energy.eps){width=".45\textwidth"}
To minimize the total free energy ${\mathcal{F}}={\mathcal{F}}_0+{\mathcal{F}}_V$, we discretize the complex order parameter $\psi$ on a square grid of points with a spacing much smaller than the characteristic wavelength of the CDW, and impose a constant boundary condition $\psi_0$ on the sides perpendicular to ${\mathbf{Q}}$, while setting periodic boundary conditions in the direction parallel to ${\mathbf{Q}}$ to allow for possible phase jumps [@CDW_note1]. The minimization is carried out with a standard conjugated gradients algorithm [@NumRec_07]. Without aiming at a numerically realistic representation of any experimental system, we use reasonable order of magnitude estimates of the system parameters, that help us build a clear if qualitative portrait of the tip-induced CDW phase slip.
Fig. \[fig:minima\] shows the order parameter modulation amplitude $\rho$ and phase $\phi$ for minima with different winding-number $N$, for a non-contact (attractive) tip at different distances $d$. The winding-number is calculated along the line passing through the point right below the tip (center of the simulation cell) according to Eq. , with $N=0$ being the unperturbed case. As predicted, we see upon decreasing $d$ through the first and successive critical distances $d_{01}, d_{12}$, etc. the appearance of a pair of vortices (with opposite rotation) for every unit increase of the winding number. These vortices are characterized by a suppression of the amplitude and a total change of the phase by $2\pi$ on a path around them, since they separate the phase-slippage center from the unaffected area far from the tip.
Since the solution with a given winding number lies in a local minimum, it is possible to use the minimization algorithm, for example by starting from a reasonable configuration, to find solutions in a certain subspace, even when that is not the global minimum for that given case. This allows us to extend the calculation of the local free energy minima in a given $N$ subspace well beyond their crossing points, generating a family of free energy curves of definite $N$ as a function of the distance $d$. Fig. \[fig:encurves\] (full lines) is an example, showing two successive crossing points. We expect each crossing to give rise to a first order transition, and thus to a hysteretic peak in the experimental dissipation trace. Of course, a more complex CDW configuration or different parameters could give rise to more and different peaks.
![\[fig:fcurves\] Force as a function of distance for evolutions with $d_0=1.8$ nm, $\bar{d}=0.4$ nm and different values of $\omega$ with a coefficient $\Gamma=10^{-7}$ eV$\cdot$s. Inset: total work $W$ as a function of oscillation frequency $\omega$.](new_force.eps){width=".45\textwidth"}
In order to demonstrate the phenomenon in full, we now extend our study to the tip-CDW dynamics. To this end, we carry out a simulated evolution generated by the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation [@Gorkov_ZETF84] $$\label{eq:TDGL}
-\Gamma\frac{\partial\psi}{\partial t}=\frac{\delta{\mathcal{F}}}{\delta\psi^*} \,$$ which can be interpreted as an overdamped evolution of the order parameter towards the equilibrium position, with a damping coefficient $\Gamma$. Integrating this equation (through a standard Runge-Kutta algorithm [@NumRec_07]) we compute the time evolution of the free energy, as shown by the dotted line in Fig. \[fig:encurves\], for a tip performing a full oscillation perpendicular to the surface of the form $d(t)=d_0+\bar{d}\cos(\omega t)$. The result shows that in this effectively adiabatic evolution the system is stuck in its winding-number manifold well beyond the crossing point, effectively realizing a hysteresis cycle. Fig. \[fig:fcurves\] shows the force hysteresis for oscillations at different frequencies $\omega$: the area of the cycles directly represents the dissipated energy per cycle $W$, given in the inset. It should be stressed here that what we calculated is in effect only a [*maximal*]{} hysteresis cycle. The actual size of the cycle, and thus of the total dissipated tip mechanical energy, is in principle smaller (and should in effect vanish in the limit of vanishing oscillation frequency) due to thermal fluctuations which our treatment omits. However, as known in other cases, the large, mesoscopic size of the tip-surface mechanics generally makes the simple adiabatic description rather accurate, and the effective hysteresis only modestly frequency and temperature dependent.
*Discussion and conclusions* — We have shown that local surface CDW phase slips and vortex pairs can be introduced by the external potential of an approaching tip. In the context of macroscopic CDW conduction noise [@Ong_PRL84; @Gruner_PRL81; @Gruner_RMP88], the creation and movement of vortices has been invoked earlier in connection with phase slips near the CDW boundaries. In a broader context, our system can be placed in between these macroscopic situations and the simple models of defect pinning and phase-slip [@Tucker_PRB89] by a localized perturbation. Experimentally, Langer et al. [@Langer_NatMat14] recently reported AFM dissipation peaks appearing at discrete tip-surface distances above the CDW material 2H-NbSe$_2$, qualitatively suggesting in a 1D model the injection of $2\pi$ phase slips. The present results describe at the minimal level a theory that can explain this type of phenomenon, connecting the phase slip to a vortex pair formation, and providing the time dependent portrait of the injection process.
It would be of considerable interest in the future to explore further this effect in other systems with different characteristics. In insulating, quasi-one dimensional CDW systems the injected phase slip should also amount to the injection of a quantized, possibly fractional pairs of opposite charges [@CDW_note2]. In a spin density wave system, such as the chromium surface, a nonmagnetic tip would still couple to the accompanying CDW [@Kim_PRB13] where surface phase slips could be injected. In superconductors, the induction of single vortices over Pb thin film islands has been experimentally verified [@Hasegawa_Nanotec10] and the feasibility of controlling single vortices through magnetic force microscopy (MFM) tips demonstrated [@Auslander_NatPhy09]: it would be interesting to probe for dissipation peaks, as we have addressed above, induced by the MFM tip creation of vortex pairs in thin superconducting films.
*Acknowledgements* — This project was carried out under the ERC Advanced Research Grant N. 320796 MODPHYSFRICT. We are especially indebted to our colleagues of SINERGIA SNSF Project CRSII2 136287/1 for support, and for exchange of information and ideas. We also acknowledge general research support by MIUR, through PRIN-2010LLKJBX\_001.
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| mini_pile | {'original_id': '52a7b67677fa669c84b6752fcfcfb81bbf050e1de4159905dc560c9f6415212b'} |
29 July 2008
Earthquake in SENSURROUND!
Yes, we did indeed experience a 5.8 earthquake in Los Angeles this morning. I was at work when it happened, but it didn't feel very rough here in the Westside, and there are no reports of damage. People wandered outside and stared up at the sky for a bit (this is standard earthquake activity, and no one fully understands it). I ducked under my desk because I have this Pavlovian response wired into my brain from elementary school drills. The rolling sensation was gradual, but it lasted for long enough to make everyone nervous. Afterwards, it was an excuse not to get work done for about half an hour. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9784324765205384}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '104780', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OZKLZNHD645TWSQJ6W5DSBDCK5KOU54K', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d1a713c1-e4cf-4a34-a737-8b28d33bccbf>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 18, 7, 40, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.13.65', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YWBODM3NVMJ3IVHELXVDFIOGTIBHCRDG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c9b3a5ca-3d27-495d-8a67-5652dd65ffd1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://realmofryan.blogspot.com/2008/07/earthquake-in-sensurround.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:218669d9-3492-49b6-9f9a-6f0f03d0259e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '114', 'url': 'http://realmofryan.blogspot.com/2008/07/earthquake-in-sensurround.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-232-73-119.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07574015855789185', 'original_id': '58682e27a0607a3f4e1564ad1de0c41d17cfaae155cc4d9eb13e05cc4d214fc0'} |
Q:
Get transparency percentage of a bitmap
Update: Clemens's solution is the fastest. I'll leave the alternative I found just in case:
While trying to create a minimal reproducible example as Peter Duniho suggested in the comment, I found that the wrong transparency values were coming from theBitmapImageToBitmapConverter()
It was messing up the whole image. I now load the png straight to a bitmap and scan it and it gives accurate results:
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap("icon.png");
Console.WriteLine(TransparencyPercentageInImage(bmp));
Question was:
I have a few image controls in a list:
imagesList[index].Source = ReloadIcon(index);
They load images from ".png" files like so:
public BitmapImage ReloadIcon(int index)
{
var image = new BitmapImage();
image.BeginInit();
image.CacheOption = BitmapCacheOption.OnLoad;
image.CreateOptions = BitmapCreateOptions.IgnoreImageCache;
image.UriSource = new Uri(iconPaths[index], UriKind.Absolute);
image.EndInit();
return image;
}
I then convert those to bitmaps using this converter:
private Bitmap BitmapImageToBitmapConverter(BitmapImage bitmapImage)
{
using (MemoryStream outStream = new MemoryStream())
{
BitmapEncoder enc = new BmpBitmapEncoder();
enc.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(bitmapImage));
enc.Save(outStream);
System.Drawing.Bitmap bitmap = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(outStream);
return new Bitmap(bitmap);
}
}
To later scan each pixel for transparency using this code:
private double TransparencyPercentageInImage(Bitmap image)
{
double transpPercentage;
double transpPixelCount = 0;
double totalPixelCount = image.Height * image.Width;
Console.WriteLine("Total pixel count: " + totalPixelCount);
for (int y = 0; y < image.Height; ++y)
{
for (int x = 0; x < image.Width; ++x)
{
if (image.GetPixel(x, y).A == 0) //or !=255
{
transpPixelCount++;
}
}
}
transpPercentage = transpPixelCount / totalPixelCount * 100;
return transpPercentage;
}
Basically, what should I do to get an accurate transparent pixels percentage/count from a bitmap?
I'm looking for the count of absolutely transparent pixels, not semi-transparent.
I'm not really looking for speed here so any solution goes. I'm already using unsafe code, so that's welcome too.
A:
You neither need a System.Drawing.Bitmap nor a WriteableBitmap to access the pixel values in a BitmapSource.
Just call CopyPixels to get the pixel buffer and count the pixels with an alpha value of 0. First make sure you access the buffer in the desired format:
private double GetTransparentPixelsPercentage(BitmapSource bitmap)
{
if (bitmap.Format != PixelFormats.Bgra32)
{
bitmap = new FormatConvertedBitmap(bitmap, PixelFormats.Bgra32, null, 0);
}
var pixelCount = bitmap.PixelWidth * bitmap.PixelHeight;
var pixels = new byte[4 * pixelCount];
bitmap.CopyPixels(pixels, 4 * bitmap.PixelWidth, 0);
var transparentPixelCount = 0;
for (var i = 3; i < 4 * pixelCount; i += 4) // start at first alpha value
{
if (pixels[i] == 0)
{
transparentPixelCount++;
}
}
return (double)transparentPixelCount / pixelCount;
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '078c20b9a415554e3f9079b2b01773804b166ee15eb80b6298d8610e3cab2bfd'} |
Q:
Number of participants in Room (firebase chat)
How many participants can be add in one single room in firebase chat?
I have search lot but not get any answer. At firebase site:-https://firebase.google.com/pricing/ .
"There is a limit of 100,000 simultaneous connections per database"
is mention, but that's 10k users online simultaneously.
thanks
A:
The limit Firebase imposes is per database. To know the limit per room, you will need to determine how you model your chat rooms into the database(s).
If you model a single room as a single database, that will lead to a maximum number of 100.000 simultaneous users in that chat room: so 100.000 users chatting at the same time. To give you some idea: most chat rooms become unusable (due to the amount of messages) by the time you have more than a couple of hundred simultaneous users.
Also note this in the pricing FAQ:
The Spark plan limit is 100 and cannot be raised. The Flame and Blaze plans have a limit of 100,000 simultaneous connections per database. If you need more than 100,000 simultaneous connections, contact Firebase support.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ea9689e3309ad1fe995a75a7f01ddc7edd2ae7f857ee3217177144b9d429aab3'} |
Oracle Enterprise Manager 13c R2 configuration on Win 2008 R2 server stops at 78%
Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) 13cR2 configuration on a Win 2008 R2 was stopping at 78% completion while performing the BI Publisher Configuration. Apparently, the problem exists pre 13cR2 as well.
All OMS components like (WebTier, Oracle Management Server, JVMD Engine) will stop/start during the BI Publisher configuration operations. Unfortunately, the windows service for OMS was taking too long to complete the start operation of Webtier (HTTP) and installation at 78% stopped (didn't move forward). Initially, I have started looking at WebTier startup issues, in the process, tried to disable firewall, also excluded the installation directory from the anti virus on the Window server, and the result remains the same.
Cleaned-up the previous installation and start-over the OEM 13cR2 installation on the server, but this time I didn't check the BI Publisher configuration option as I wanted to exclude the BI Publisher configuration to ensure I complete the OEM installation without any issues. Despite the fact I didn't check the option, OEM started configuring BI and stopped exactly at 78%, the issue remains.
The error messages in the sysman and other OMS logs didn't provide any useful hints, in fact, it was misleading and took me in the wrong direction.
Came across of a MOS ID( 1943820.1), and after applying the solution, OEM configuration completed successfully.
Here is the excerpt from the MOS ID :
On some occasions, httpd.exe will fail to start, If you are missing or have a damaged Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable 64-bit package.
It may report the error above, or give <SEVERE> <OHS-0> <Failed to start the server ohs_1>, with 0 bytes of details in the OHS log.
Install the Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable Package (x64) anyhow.
1. You can obtain this file at:
2. Download the Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable Package (x64)
3. Should have a file called vcredist_x64.exe. Run installation.
4. Try starting OHS again.
I understood why Oracle still does the BI Publisher configuration despite I didn't select the option. When you don't select the option, BI Publisher is confgured, but, will be disabled, so that in the future you can easily enable this option.
OHS 12c Fails To Start On Windows Server 2008 X64, with no detailed errors. (Doc ID 1943820.1) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8836595416069031}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '272971', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:RJ4F7LGNFFXCYSKG7AQ52W2U26JAYUO3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8cb79d21-6065-4b77-bdcc-e93d8e8e0806>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 21, 12, 14, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.12.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3EQSDPOBHSOIP6EFAVFRHAAHV4NRZJPQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7b6b6d08-c9ea-4503-9d44-3b0c294c1128>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://jaffardba.blogspot.in/2017_01_01_archive.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b47a10dc-f19d-4058-89a5-0a862f3816f3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '375', 'url': 'http://jaffardba.blogspot.in/2017_01_01_archive.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-178-166-219.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019662797451019287', 'original_id': '7a5c9536cc128f45aa39cb2fa9968533d0e20faa40da76e38593b7c4732eef65'} |
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted travel and immigration to the United States. Please refer to this article for the most up-to-date information and links to official sources.
Not many countries in the world rival the cultural and social milieu of the United States.
America is a country defined by its immigrants: There are 44.5 million foreign-born people living in the United States, and more than 1.1 million people were granted permanent residency permits—so-called Green Cards—in 2017. Navigating a country like the United States is no easy task, so we’ve put together a high-level guide to what makes America, America.
American government is composed of three branches: the Judicial, which oversees the legal system; the nonpartisan Legislative, which is responsible for writing laws; and the Executive, which is led by the President and his or her staff. Together, the system provides a set of “checks and balances” in order to ensure that no one branch or political party becomes too powerful and influential.
The two most dominant American political parties of the last 70 years have been the Democrats and Republicans. Democrats are left-leaning, in favor of more government activity and stronger social safety nets. Republicans are their right-leaning foil, in favor of smaller government and lower taxes. (The two parties’ political leanings were somewhat inverted in the 1950s and 1960s, a complicated transformation that had to do with the Civil Rights Movement. You can read more about that here.)
Any American citizen over the age of 18 is eligible to vote, and national elections happen every two years for Congresspeople, four years for Presidents, and six years for Senators. Voting day for national elections is the first Tuesday after November 1st, and voter participation rates hover between 40% and 60%.
Image Description
Americans are some of the most religious people in the world. More than 70% of Americans identify as Christian, while 22% don’t identify with any religion in particular. Jews, Muslims, Hindus, and Buddhists make up the majority of the other religious groups.
The importance of organized religion is highly regional. A poll from the Pew Research Center found that 62% of people in Dallas considered religion “very important” in their lives, while only 48% of respondents in New York City said the same. Southern states tend to be more religious than northern ones. More than half of Alabama residents go to religious services at least once a week, while only one-fifth of Vermont and Maine residents do the same.
The influence of immigrants on America’s food culture is inescapable. You can get authentic Szechuan cuisine in New York and San Francisco and find food from all over Latin America in Los Angeles, Denver, and Miami. And that influence is only growing. According to food writer Sophie Egan, two-thirds of Americans are eating more diverse foods than they were five years ago.
The critique of chefs needing to “water down” flavors in order to satisfy American palates is growing outdated; we’re seeing a marked shift toward a desire for authenticity and traditional cooking. American and immigrant chefs are looking to their history for inspiration, and that movement has yielded stunning results. America’s gastronomical tradition is defined by its diversity, and as much as Americans love their cheeseburgers and apple pies, they also love their mapo tofu and molé.
Image Description
& Culture
Breaking down the U.S. into regions can be tricky. While major areas like New England, the Deep South, and the Southwest can be defined with broad cultural strokes, there are dozens of smaller quarters that have hyper-specific traditions, landscapes, and histories. There’s a reason the American road trip has been such a captivating cultural export: Exploring the country from the driver’s seat of a car lets you see those geographic transformations up close and personal.
Just like its geography, American culture is highly regionalized and influenced by distinct histories, including influxes of immigrants from all over the world.
This northeast section of the U.S. was one of the first to be colonized by Europeans, and stretches from the verdant forests of Maine to the picturesque seaside towns that line Connecticut’s shores. Cities like Boston and Providence played central roles in American history, including the incubation of the American Revolution. As far as food goes, you can find signature dishes like New England clam chowder and lobster rolls at seafood shacks up and down the region’s coast. No trip to Boston is complete without a trip to Fenway Park, home to the city’s beloved baseball team, the Red Sox. The Boston Marathon, held on the third Monday of April every year, is one of the region’s most popular cultural events and much of the city treats the day like a holiday.
• The South
The South runs from South Carolina on the east to Louisiana a few states to the west. These states were the heart of the slave trade until 1865, and the influence of the South’s black population can be felt across the region. This is the birthplace of the blues and BBQ, two essential American traditions that trace their roots to those held in slavery. No trip to the South is complete without a trip to New Orleans, a city that’s Mardi Gras celebration is something to behold. Cities like Nashville and Memphis are home to some of the best blues and country music in America, and the cities’ gastronomic specialties—hot chicken in Nashville and a pork-centric version of barbecue in Memphis—are two of the tastiest the U.S. has to offer. Atlanta is one of the centers of America’s music scene, and one of the most influential cities when it comes to hip-hop and R&B.
The most densely populated section of the United States, the Mid-Atlantic is roughly defined as the stretch of states between New York and West Virginia. It’s also one of the most ethnically heterogeneous regions in the country, with large populations of immigrants and diverse enclaves in cities like New York, Philadelphia, Washington D.C., and Baltimore. New York is famous for a lot of things, but no visit is complete without a slice of pizza at Joe’s or Di Fara’s and a Broadway show. You can also wander through the city’s Chelsea neighborhood for hours checking out the endless number of art galleries that line the blocks. Baltimore is famous for Chesapeake Bay crabs, which will require a couple of tools and a bib to eat properly. Philadelphia is another sports-mad town, with the city’s hockey, football, basketball, and baseball teams all drawing legions of fans to games year-round. But it’s not just sports that Philly is famous for; it also has some of America’s best museums, including the Barnes Collection, as well as Philadelphia’s most famous export: The cheesesteak.
The Midwest stretches across the center of the United States, from populous states like Ohio and Michigan to more sparsely populated ones like North Dakota and Nebraska. Most of the Midwest is dominated by descendants of German and Scandinavian immigrants who came to the country after the Civil War, although metropolises like Detroit, Chicago, and Minneapolis are home to large populations of immigrants from the world over. Detroit is undergoing a renaissance, with many locals and transplants working to rebuild the city’s downtown after it fell on hard times. Now Detroit is home to a booming arts and design scene. Chicago’s architecture is an amazing collection of masterworks, and no visit to the city is complete without a tour of buildings like Bertrand Goldberg’s Marina City. Chicago is also home to Lollapalooza, an annual music festival that happens every summer and attracts some of the biggest recording artists in the world. Minnesota and Michigan residents are avid outdoors people, and the camping, hiking, fishing, and hunting in both states are breathtaking.
Few places in America have as many dramatic landscapes as the Southwest, which stretches from the western section of Texas to Arizona, Nevada, and California. National wonders like the Grand Canyon and Zion National Park attract millions of visitors every year, and the hundreds of square miles of desert are as desolate as they are beautiful. The Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta is one of the most stunning festivals in the country; hundreds of hot air balloons rise over the city and give the dramatic New Mexican landscape an aura of wonder. The Southwest is cowboy country, and is home to a large population of Latin Americans and Native American tribes like the Navajo and Apache. Many of Arizona and Utah’s most breathtaking natural sites sit on Native American land and can only be toured with a local guide. California is a geography unto its own, with pristine beaches, mountains, and forests lining the state. It also has the largest share with immigrants relative to its total population, with 27% of California residents born outside the U.S and many of them hailing from Central America and Asia. That means that California cuisine is a wonderful blend of international and domestic traditions, a blend that yields some of the nation’s best food.
One of the greenest regions in the United States, the Pacific Northwest is relatively small, counting only Oregon and Washington in its ranks. The region’s two biggest cities, Portland and Seattle, are home to many immigrants from Asia and Latin America, and the international influence on both cities is clear in everything from food to music. Residents of both states love spending time outdoors, and natural wonders like the Cascade Mountains, Columbia River Gorge, and Crater Lake National Park are all stunning sites. Portland is one of the epicenters of the farm-to-table food movement, and the city’s restaurants are among the nation’s best. It’s also been a preferred destination for artists and creatives for years, which gives it a uniquely bohemian vibe. Seattle, too, is known for its food, especially seafood like that found at Pike Place Market where, if you’re brave enough, you can try your hand at catching a flying fish.
HSBC commissioned this article. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of HSBC. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '12', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.951259434223175}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '47250', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:3FYGZQQHZVJMH4AM2J5ED5T75CPY24DN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c4257f3d-488c-498a-a07f-61fe340eed50>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 11, 9, 56, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.185.0.2', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AEFAJX5MQYLOMYQ44IOISJAOV4VO2WLC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:008d6c50-3050-43ee-90ae-616feca4fca5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://movingtoamericamadeeasy.com/the-united-states-from-30000-feet/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:92505f14-c050-4245-bff9-cd6127beba3e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1697', 'url': 'https://movingtoamericamadeeasy.com/the-united-states-from-30000-feet/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-184.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04718059301376343', 'original_id': 'cc2f3b5f266379203078da99bce6658401927cca989d97b2d041510c5efd8f17'} |
Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue announced last week that ERS and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture would be relocated by the end of 2019. | Getty 'A complete shock': Economists stunned by USDA's decision to move economic research arm
Staff members at USDA’s Economic Research Service were blindsided by Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue’s decision to move the agency out of Washington, and agricultural economists are concerned the department's economic research arm could be weakened by the changes.
When Perdue announced last week that ERS and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture would be relocated by the end of 2019 and that ERS also would be realigned with the Office of the Chief Economist, he cited anticipated cost savings, the ability to provide better customer service by operating closer to USDA's constituents, and the opportunity to better attract and retain staff by sparing them from the high cost of living inside the Beltway.
Those goals, however, were questioned by many rank-and-file economists at ERS, multiple sources within the agency said, in part because staff was not informed of the plan until shortly before USDA fired off a press release to the public.
“That was a complete shock to staff when that email came out last Thursday,” said Laurian Unnevehr, a former director of ERS' Food Economics Division.
The news was particularly hard on officials with families who have settled in the Washington area, despite USDA's assurances that staffers will be offered relocation assistance and the same base pay they were earning while in Washington. The department's announcement also said every ERS and NIFA employee will have the opportunity to continue working for the agencies, but most will have to relocate once new locations for the agencies are chosen. USDA has said the agencies may be co-located or located separately.
Beyond the lack of advance notice, USDA workers and the legions of economists and researchers throughout the industry who rely on ERS reports and data are worried the move could lower ERS' profile within USDA and make it more susceptible to political influence.
“A lot of people feel strongly that the rationale given doesn’t make sense and doesn’t have much evidence to support it,” said an ERS employee who was granted anonymity to discuss the situation frankly.
Since taking office, Perdue has made a series of moves to reorganize USDA and improve customer service. Tim Murtaugh, USDA's communications director, defended the department’s latest reorganizational moves by pointing to last week's announcement.
“The intent is to strengthen the department and make it more accessible to stakeholders, while saving taxpayer dollars in the process,” Murtaugh said. “How many employees decide to make the move remains to be seen.”
Murtaugh pointed out that USDA employees were notified of the decision before the press was alerted. An emailed notice to staff appears to have been sent about an hour before a media release was disseminated. Murtaugh added that USDA leaders also held a town hall-style meeting with employees on Tuesday afternoon.
Another ERS insider granted anonymity to discuss the agency's internal workings emphasized that the lack of discussion with staff about relocating and reorganizing ERS in advance of the announcement has caused morale to take a hit.
“It appeared to be news to the highest levels of ERS,” the source said of the announcement. “It came completely out of the blue.”
A shakeup at the top of ERS was set in motion just before Thursday's announcement: Mary Bohman, formerly the agency administrator, was reassigned to the department’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, where she will fill a vacancy for the post of associate administrator for economics, USDA confirmed to POLITICO on Monday.
The USDA spokesperson explained that Bohman’s move to APHIS, which is responsible for leading USDA's efforts to protect American agriculture from pests and diseases, was not out of the ordinary because she’s part of the Senior Executive Service, a group of highly paid career staff that receive special leadership training.
"As you know, part of the purpose of the SES is to allow senior leaders to apply their leadership and management expertise across departments and the entire federal government,” the spokesperson said in an email to POLITICO.
Within ERS, the abruptness of the leadership change coupled with Perdue's surprise announcement has fueled worries that the agency's work was no longer viewed as a high priority.
“She was very popular, so this is devastating news,” another ERS staffer who was given anonymity to discuss the shakeup said of Bohman.
While many ERS employees are now mulling whether to look for new jobs outside of USDA, the department is moving to advance the relocation plan. The department announced Tuesday that over the next 30 days, it would be accepting “expressions of interest” and public comment on potential relocation sites and the relocation process.
The department wants to hear from “state and local governments, industry, academia, interested parties and organizations for potential locations that would accommodate the construction and/or lease and operation of a NIFA and/or ERS headquarters facility," according to the notice, which is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on Wednesday.
A new location for NIFA would require about 90,000 square feet to house 360 employees, and a future headquarters for ERS would need up to 70,000 square feet for 260 employees, according to USDA.
The department’s criteria for new locations or a joint headquarters include proximity to an airport, commuting options for employees, technology infrastructure, capital and operating costs, community and quality of life issues, and workforce considerations.
ERS officials questioned whether USDA had analyzed the costs and benefits of such a move to figure out how many years it would take to save taxpayer money. Moving the agencies outside of Washington, D.C., would likely allow USDA to spend less on real estate and salaries over the long term, but moving an entire agency is a costly endeavor, they noted. There also would likely be a fair amount of employee travel to and from Washington.
Still, several employees who spoke to POLITICO on the condition of anonymity were skeptical of the department's explanation for the planned moves.
“This all seems like just a way to get people to quit,” said one official.
USDA's announcement said the department is seeking authority to offer voluntary early retirement and buy-outs to staffers who decide not to relocate.
It was not lost on ERS staff that President Donald Trump’s last budget proposed a 50 percent cut to the agency. Though that recommendation was ignored by Congress, it sent a message to staff that “the administration doesn’t care,” as another person within the agency phrased it.
The day before USDA’s announcement, the 2018 Agricultural & Applied Economics Association was wrapping up a three-day meeting that drew almost 1,500 people employed in agriculture and applied economics fields spanning academia, government agencies, NGOs and the private sector.
Jayson Lusk, who heads Purdue University's agricultural economics department and who attended the event, said that while the relocation was “a real kick in the pants” for ERS employees, the reorganization could have both pros and cons in the long term.
For example, Lusk said, one potential benefit of moving ERS from the department's research, education and economics mission area to the Office of the Secretary — thereby aligning it with the Office of the Chief Economist — is that ERS could have a greater role in shaping policy. But at the same time, he said, research into long-term trends in agricultural economics that won’t have an immediate policy impact could be “pushed aside.”
Lusk added that his main concern was that funding for economic research not be slashed. “That’s the most important thing, regardless of where it happens to be relocated,” he said of ERS.
Other economists inside and outside of ERS expressed concern that greater policy influence within USDA might lead ERS to become more focused on short-term research — which is already true of the Office of the Chief Economist — instead of focusing on more long-term studies.
Another point of concern stemmed from the fact the Office of the Chief Economist is much closer to the Agriculture secretary’s office. Some worry that research could become more geared toward promoting the administration’s agenda, regardless of which party controls the White House.
“Data collection must be objective and free from political interference,” said Ricardo Salvador, senior scientist and director of the Food and Environment Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists.
Salvador added that having ERS researchers closer to USDA leadership could potentially create conflicts of interest. For example, he said, researchers could be put in the awkward position of producing analysis that counters the secretary's agenda or public statements.
Juli Obudzinski, deputy policy director at the National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition, said Perdue's plan for ERS and NIFA “threatens our country’s agricultural R&D capacity, as well as future generations of American producers that those agencies support.”
“This move politicizes federal agencies responsible for impartial economic analysis," Obudzinski said, adding that it “also sets a dangerous precedent of placing increasingly more political influence within the executive branch."
This article tagged under: Agriculture | mini_pile | {'original_id': '2b1be21a6aa683d763207d4dd3c47117f90615317fc0674f13039e33cfb2c707'} |
• Kiran Nair
BIM Services: Improving Sustainability In The Built Environment.
Human-made surroundings like buildings, parks, cities, neighborhoods, etc. which is created for human activity is termed as a built environment. It is these physical aspects along with the social environment that makes up the design of our society and so its sustainability is of high importance. With changing climatic conditions and addressing social challenges of energy efficiency, aging population, robust infrastructure, and urbanization, the liability for bringing about a sustainable built environment lies with the developers and managers of this built surroundings; who majorly come from the AEC industry.
The dynamic current times and the future is going to call upon the way our society is planned and designed, the way construction is done, and how the overall built environment is maintained, managed, renewed, and renovated. Given that the needs of the society are reforming itself so is the methodology to cater to them are evolving. A one-stop solution that brings about efficiency in terms of a sustainable environment, saving time and resources, and making the overall project life cycle of the building efficient is Building Information Modelling (BIM). With BIM Services the AEC industry can enhance the construction project to levels of sustainability that one can only imagine until a few years back. With government mandates and the construction industry’s new focus on being environmentally friendly, BIM is being unleashed at great heights.
The data generated using BIM during the design and build over the complete lifecycle of the project brings about safer, quicker, minimal wastage in the construction process which is highly cost-effective thereby giving rise to sustainable operation, maintenance, and a gradual dismantling process. Some of the ways that BIM modeling services bring sustainability by creating coordination and collaboration among all the stakeholders are:
1. Change by one of the stakeholders is reflected in all the other disciplines to adapt to that change or get an alternate solution to it.
2. Design changes can be done while project definition is still flexible without having time and cost penalties
3. Bringing together the operations, technical, manufacturing, and construction ideas empowers the design to be optimized at every phase of delivery and operation.
4. With BIM there is an accurate estimation of material and equipment ordering, elimination of rework, and wastage due to coordination among design, production, construction, and cost planning phases.
5. BIM allows automatic clash detection and eliminates the need for ad-hoc solutions, thereby saving time, cost, and materials of the project.
Having seen some of the ways BIM can bring about a sustainable built-environment through the technology process, let us dive deep into each of the phases of the project life cycle and understand how BIM outsourcing services enhance sustainable surrounding solutions.
How does BIM Services help in Different Stages of Construction?
Planning Phase:
The efficiency and success of any AEC project mainly depend upon the measures taken at the planning phase and the strategy formulation. About the formation of sustainable buildings, there must be consideration of heat losses, orientations, insulation, cross-ventilation, and renewable energies by the designers. Such a thing would call for many iterations of designs and bigger investments at several other stages if not planned well. While this may seem time-consuming, in the long run, it works to bring about cost efficiency and an overall reduction in wastage.
When BIM is in place it automatically looks for sustainable solutions from scratch and with BIM automation at hand, it will enable you enough time to consider more sustainable options. At just one go and few clicks, BIM enables planners and designers to generate multiple schedules and cost scenarios thereby allowing decision-makers to think more creatively about new sustainable solutions. Providing intelligent cost-estimations and obtaining base costs, BIM does not just bring about sustainable buildings it profits the overall bottom line too.
Design Phase:
For bringing about maximum sustainability to a project, the design phase is the key stage where one can optimize the construction project. Playing around MEP consumption limitation, ARC design for catering energy demand, Architectural BIM services among others are the crucial areas that are to be specially focused upon. Designing is the space where all the disciplines come together and collaborate at a designing platform that is beneficial for everyone including the environment.
BIM features that enhance the collaboration among different stakeholders is the key support at the designing stage. By this, we mean that every member of the project has a say and provides input to enhance sustainability in the best possible way. Collaboration brings about sustainability since if there is a lack of communication or failed appropriate sharing of data among team members, it will directly hamper the efficiency of the project.
For superior construction projects which involve varied intricacies and complexities, information sharing among all the parties is incredibly important and this is made possible by BIM outsourcing services. Integrating it with certain artificial intelligence capabilities one can support data like suitable temperatures, weather conditions, sunlight, etc and give logical reasoning behind your design, instead of trying different designs and samples done traditionally with 2D CAD.
Construction Phase:
Having seen how with BIM one can tap on appropriate utilization and decrement of excessive raw material and bring about reduction of overall wastage throughout the project at the initial phases, the same is continued and extended in the construction phase too. Due to BIM being used from the ideation period, the major advantage drawn at the construction phase is that there is a gradual decrease in the number of delays and reworks. With reduced delays and operating freely, the footprint kept on the environment is highly reduced or kept to a minimum. In the construction stage, BIM improves the effectiveness and overall productivity of the building project.
There is easier monitoring of overall waste throughout the construction process along with operating the entire project in a more superior manner with BIM Technology. With added BIM dimensions, 4D Construction Simulation the project can have a proper schedule and timeline of activities, while with 5D simulation services the exact cost is estimated for every element or raw material needed. With 6D and 7D BIM, the fuel consumption and noise levels can be minimized. There is better control of procurement and optimization of asset management so that we leave a positive impact on the environment even after deployment.
Building Maintenance and Lifespan:
Sustainability work is not over even after the last nail is hammered to the building, interestingly the process steps into maintenance and the entire life span of the building is delivered and for this reason, BIM is the only feasible solution that helps the construction firms the most.
When a project is BIM-based, every aspect and detail of the project is documented and shared with all the involved stakeholders. When BIM has been utilized well in the initial phases of planning and designing of the project there can be an exact prediction of the lifetime performance of the project, a concept introduced as 7D BIM Services. Having the correct information on how a building or infrastructure was ideated, designed, and constructed, one can better gauge the performance of the building throughout its lifespan until demolished.
Being able to utilize data on different aspects of the project like building volumes and heat loss analysis from floor areas there can be a proper assessment of the overall sustainability of the project. BIM having the predictive approach showcases a problem even before it arrives in real and thus saves big, not just in time and money forms but even in resource utilization.
Seeing the details in which BIM Services brings about sustainability at each stage of the construction project and collaborating with every stakeholder from the initial phase, we can rest assured that BIM will change the way the construction industry operates in times to come. BIM does not just change the fundamental thinking about our project but also impacts the environment on a greater level. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9400208592414856}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '434021', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7TWC6GMP7AGXQQF36PRPUZCYM4RMUECR', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bd0368f4-53a4-415b-8074-75cee29c1a44>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 9, 27, 11, 1, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.230.60.102', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VV6TDY5ZSEHKYGZSKPJD6PPMTJIYOC4S', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:24f9152a-b57a-4804-8dd9-dbf0ec001f4f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.asctechno.com/post/bim-services-improving-sustainability-in-the-built-environment', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4dbf17a0-38b6-4728-bc71-a34c238d145b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1325', 'url': 'https://www.asctechno.com/post/bim-services-improving-sustainability-in-the-built-environment', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-40\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-70.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02082580327987671', 'original_id': '5878c6707c1306aad2e9dfdab514840cb974984dcc89fa577148314cfc127b42'} |
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37,99 € *
ggf. zzgl. Versand
'This Internet guide to automotive subjects presents over 675 World Wide Web addresses, with 400 descriptions of the most useful. The guide includes a brief history of cars and trucks on the Internet, as well as tips. Sites are arranged by topics, such as purchasing a vehicle, chat rooms, aftermarket suppliers, auto clubs, collectibles, racing, publications, and more'--Provided by publisher.
Anbieter: Thalia AT
Stand: 17.01.2020
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Ähnliche Suchbegriffe | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7451573014259338}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '10275', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5BUXCRFRH4B4XM3TWYI7SQGMIPYIZVFU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:597ba3fe-c438-4bfd-b174-9ebd1b1f0048>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 17, 12, 36, 10), 'WARC-IP-Address': '88.99.113.60', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JX5ADQNDM32SZNC3BKYRMJ7CSUEVADUP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:588957dd-6bb2-4392-b378-bf440d1148d8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.w-w-w.de/browse?q=Racing', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f349f3ba-dd78-4018-9d96-605e25259c51>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '79', 'url': 'https://www.w-w-w.de/browse?q=Racing', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-105.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.01964777708053589', 'original_id': '1890519d84c15b96018b58cfef0bd7cf2302feaaf167d66f0b66451a853ec2b4'} |
Let me state this right at the outset: I have no source inside the Ontario government or Liberal Party who is suggesting Premier Kathleen Wynne is about to call a snap election. Not a one.
However…
While I recently wrote about one scenario — the prospect that this was Wynne’s last chance listen to those in her party who think they need fresh leadership, and step aside before the election scheduled for June 7, 2018 — I should also put out a completely different one for your consideration.
Those voices calling for her departure are real, but so are some developments that make me wonder whether a snap election may be coming, instead.
Consider the following:
Last month, the Liberals introduced the province’s first balanced budget in nearly a decade, on schedule and as promised.
The Liberals have also unveiled a slew of “good news” policies lately, including a new pharmacare program for those under age 25, updated labour laws providing for more vacation time, and a $15 minimum wage.
There are an unusually high number of ministerial announcements scheduled for this week — certainly many more than you’d typically get in the first week of June. They include events planned with everyone from the deputy premier on digital government to a host of other ministers on an updated employment strategy for those with disabilities to a new medical dispatch system for paramedics and firefighters to an updated child care strategy, to a new direction for the Lakeview Lands in Peel Region.
Stay up to date! Get Current Affairs & Documentaries email updates in your inbox every morning.
Something odd also happened last Thursday at Queen’s Park. The speaker of the legislature, Dave Levac, bid a teary goodbye to his fellow MPPs as he adjourned the house for the summer. Why would the speaker have been so emotional about saying goodbye when he’s pledged to serve out the remainder of his term, which is scheduled to run until next spring? Why the tears when the legislative calendar suggests all the MPPs are supposed to be coming back in September?
The suspicious side of me concludes there’s no reason for Levac to have been so emotional, unless he already knew that he wasn’t returning in the fall, and that after nearly 20 years at Queen’s Park, he’d just uttered his last words as an MPP in that chamber.
Why would the Liberals call an election a full year before they have to? In Ontario, we have a fixed election-date law, which obligates the government to go to the polls no later than June 7, 2018. In fact, it was the Liberals (under Wynne’s predecessor, Dalton McGuinty) who passed that law in the first place.
But there’s nothing in that law that prevents the government from calling an election early.
Strategically, there are some awfully good reasons for the Liberals to jump the gun and go now, rather than wait for next June. First and foremost, the Tories are woefully light on policy, having decided to keep their powder dry until their policy convention in November. What would the Progressive Conservative party run on in the event of a snap election call?
Second — and I don’t want to exaggerate this, but it’s worth noting — recent polls have suggested that both Wynne’s personal approval ratings and her party's popularity are on an upswing, no doubt in part because of the flood of good news announcements the electorate has been bombarded with over the past few months.
Let’s also not forget that the government’s plan to reduce electricity rates by 25 per cent kicked in on June 1. If it’s a hot summer, and people notice their hydro bills actually going down, that might prompt Mr. and Ms. Everyday Ontario to reconsider where they had intended to mark their ballot.
There are many things we’ve learned about Wynne during the four years and 116 days that she’s been premier, and one is that she is competitive enough to rival a riverboat gambler. While she came into office projecting values of empathy and niceness, she has shown that on occasion and when required, she can be cunning, and even ruthless. Cunning? How about the circumstances which saw federal NDP MP Glenn Thibeault jump ship to Wynne’s Liberals? Ruthless? How about sending out unmistakable signals to veteran ministers that their days were numbered, and they’d better walk the plank voluntarily lest they be fired, to make way for a younger cabinet?
Of course, an early election call could blow up in the government’s face. If the public is truly desperate to get rid of the Liberals after 14 years in power, there’s nothing like serving up that opportunity on a silver platter to accelerate defeat. But if enough of the electorate is still open to persuasion, an early call would provide that opportunity, too.
There’s another advantage in calling a snap election: Criminal charges related to the scrubbing of computer hard drives in the former premier’s office are expected to make their way through the court system in September. The daily coverage of those proceedings will presumably only serve to further tarnish the Liberal brand, even if most of the alleged malfeasance didn’t happen on Wynne’s watch. Getting voters to the polls early would force them to make a choice before that orgy of negative coverage kicks in.
There’s also a sense around Queen’s Park that the opposition parties are licking their chops at the prospect of hammering the government for another 52 straight weeks, until the scheduled decision day next June. By calling an election sooner, Wynne can seize control of the political agenda, and be seen as bold, daring, and undaunted by running from behind. She’s also supremely confident in her ability to out-campaign both other party leaders: The PCs’ Patrick Brown has never led a party through a province-wide campaign, and the NDP’s Andrea Horwath has already led her party to two third-place finishes.
Question Period allows the opposition to set the agenda and constantly put the government on the defensive; an election campaign puts everyone on an equal footing, in a contest this premier has already won once. Former prime minister Brian Mulroney used to say, “Don’t compare me to the Almighty, compare me to the alternative.” There’s nothing like an election campaign to force people to do just that.
Less than a week ago, during a news conference announcing one of those good news policies (the minimum wage hike), the premier was asked by the CBC’s Mike Crawley whether she was committed to “sticking to the fixed election date of June 7 next year.”
The premier’s response: Laughter, then “Yes.”
Who wants to bet that “yes” turns into a “no” in the not-too-distant future?
If you’re reading this in Las Vegas, you may not want to bet the farm on a snap election call. But you might want to toss a double sawbuck on it, just for fun.
Update: Since this piece was published, I've heard from Speaker Dave Levac. Levac, who has always been a straight shooter with me, said his choking up was simply a matter of being overcome in the moment, that he’s an emotional guy, and that he has not heard a single thing about a possible early election call. In fact, Levac prizes his neutrality as speaker so much that he’s instructed both the premier’s office and the party to leave him out of the loop on any future electoral discussions.
With files from John Michael McGrath. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '3af91f66ba275beb11489e0511ff58eefe8da659f18f434a3cfb1a59968e85fe'} |
Inside the CFDA Awards Champagne-Fueled, Dance-Filled Afterparty
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Inside the CFDA Awards Champagne-Fueled, Dance-Filled Afterparty
By all accounts, the CFDA's official afterparty at the Top of the Standard in New York City Monday night was an unforgettable evening of celebration.
br>
The party — hosted by Nadja Swarovski — hit its stride shortly after midnight. Rodger Berman and Rachel Zoe were reportedly among the first to arrive, and things livened up considerably by the time winners Joseph Altuzarra and Billy Reid arrived — followed shortly by Jason Wu and Olivier Theyskens. A stream of Moet & Chandon champagne from the open bar put everyone in the mood to dance. Garance Doré kicked her heels off to join the revelry, and an eyewitness spotted Hamish Bowles cutting a rug, too. But perhaps the most spirited celebrators at the afterparty were also the most clandestine. Brad Goreskitold a reporter, "Alex Wang and Erin Wasson are dirty dancing over there in the corner right now." | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ee8a360aca3c43d42fda7af8d6027ccea484417b59b4a03c19fe1735ff714834'} |
Muppet Wiki
Quelle Difference
26,700pages on
this wiki
Quelle Difference is a French perfume sold at the Manhattan department store Bergdorf Goodman in The Muppets Take Manhattan. Miss Piggy and Eileen work at the perfume and cosmetics counter, and have trouble selling the fragrance.
As Piggy describes the perfume in a rage: "It's French! It's feminine! It'll help ya grab one of those rotten, stinkin' men!"
Start a Discussion Discussions about Quelle Difference
Around Wikia's network
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import * as React from 'react';
import { connect } from 'react-redux';
import { Bubble, Button, Table } from '@tea/component';
import { bindActionCreators } from '@tencent/ff-redux';
import { t, Trans } from '@tencent/tea-app/lib/i18n';
import { Justify } from '@tencent/tea-component/lib/justify';
import { allActions } from '../../../actions';
import { ClusterHelmStatus } from '../../../constants/Config';
import { router } from '../../../router';
import { RootProps } from '../../HelmApp';
const mapDispatchToProps = dispatch =>
Object.assign({}, bindActionCreators({ actions: allActions }, dispatch), {
dispatch
});
@connect(state => state, mapDispatchToProps)
export class HelmActionPanel extends React.Component<RootProps, {}> {
render() {
let {
actions,
listState: { helmList, helmQuery, region, clusterHelmStatus },
route
} = this.props;
return (
<Table.ActionPanel>
<Justify
left={
<Bubble
placement="right"
content={clusterHelmStatus.code !== ClusterHelmStatus.RUNNING ? '请先开通Helm应用' : null}
>
<Button
type="primary"
disabled={clusterHelmStatus.code !== ClusterHelmStatus.RUNNING}
onClick={() => router.navigate({ sub: 'create' }, route.queries)}
>
{t('新建')}
</Button>
</Bubble>
}
right={<React.Fragment />}
/>
</Table.ActionPanel>
);
}
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '655222c227bba0a4c28c398463b81d5943631673795acd1170d656c2cb2bd51b'} |
Title : Laminated Collegen Devices
Type : Award
NSF Org : DMI
Latest
Amendment
Date : January 6, 1995
File : a9460093
Award Number: 9460093
Award Instr.: Standard Grant
Prgm Manager:
DMI DIV OF DESIGN,MANUFAC & INDUSTRIAL INNOV
ENG DIRECTORATE FOR ENGINEERING
Start Date : January 1, 1995
Expires : October 31, 1995 (Estimated)
Expected
Total Amt. : $64769 (Estimated)
Investigator: Robert P. O'Fee (Principal Investigator current)
Sponsor : Kensey Nash Corporation
55 East Uwchlan Avenue
Exton, PA 193411247 610/594-7128
NSF Program : 5371 SMALL BUSINESS PHASE I
Fld Applictn: 0106000 Materials Research
18 Materials NEC
Program Ref : 1730,9161,AMPP,
Abstract :
The unique product described in this proposal has the potential to greatly
improve the current procedures used to obtain hemostasis and control trauma
during invasive surgery. It is estimated that by 1998 there will be in excess
of 1.5 million surgical procedures that will use some type of hemostatic
device. Currently, there are no products on the market that adequately address
all the surgeon's needs. The major complaint is that present devices cannot be
effectively sutured or stapled in place. This is due to the low tensile
strength and poor tear resistance of the materials. It is the objective of this
program to prepare bioresorbable laminated structures that can be sutured in
place and provide a high degree of support to traumatized organs and tissues.
The program will involve an initial screening of bioresorbable polymers as well
as a preliminary investigation into the best methods of attaching the
reinforcing polymer film to the rather delicate collagen hemostat. Once this
screening process is completed the best candidates will be tested in vivo under
surgical conditions. If the Phase I study is funded, Kensey Nash Corporation
will be able to move to Phase II which will include an evaluation of polymer
structures and collagen pore sizes (lyophilization technique) relative to the
overall tensile strength of the device.
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< What dire offence from amorous causes springs^ What mighty contests rise from trivial things^ I 6ing — ^this verse to Caryl, Muse ! is due : Thii •v'n Belinda may vouchsafe to view : Slight is the subject, but not so the praise. If she inspire, and he approve my lays. Say what strange motive, goddess ! could compel A well-bred lord t' assault a gentle belle? O say what stranger cause, yet unexplor'd^ Could make a gentle belle reject a lord } In tasks bo bold can little men engage ? And in soft bosoms dwells such mighty rage i Sol through white curtains shot a timorous ray. And op'd those eyes that must eclipse the day : Now lapdogs give themselves the rouzing shake. And sleepless lovers, just at twelve, awake : Thrice rung the bell, the slipper knockM the ground^ And the pressed watch retum'd a silver sound. Belinda still her downy pillow prest. Her guardian Bylph prolonged the balmy rest t 'Twas he had summoned to her silent bed The morning dream that hover*d o*er her head.. A youth more, glittering than a birth-night beau (That ev'n in slumber caus'd her cheek to glow) Seem'd to her ear his winning lips^ to lay. And thus ii^ whispers aaid> or s^m'd to say : VOL. IV. I 414 ALBKANDBE FOPK. Fairest of mortals, thou distinguish'd care Of thousand bright inhabitants of air ! If e'er one vision touch thy infant thought. Of all the nurse and all the priest have taught ; Of airy elves by moonlight shadows Seeoi The silver token, and the circled green^ Or virgins visited by angel- powers. With golden crowns and wreaths of heavenly flowers ; Hear and believe 1 thy own importance know, •Nor bound thy narrow views to things below ; Some secret truths, from learned pride concealed. To maids alone and children are reveal'd : What though no credit doubting wits may give, The fair and iunocept shall still believe. Know then, unnuraberM spirits round thee fly, The light militia of the lower sky : These, though unseen, are ever on the wing, Hang o*er the box, and hover round the ring. Think what an equipage thou hast in air. And view with scorn two pages and a chair. As now your own, our beings were of old^ And once inclos'd in woman's beauteous mould ; Thence, by a soft transition, we repair From isarthly vehicles to these of air. Think not when woman's transient breath is fled, That all her vanities at once are dead. Succeeding vanities she still regards. And though she plays no more, o'erlooks the cardd. Her joy in gilded chariots, when alive. And love of oitobre, after death survive. AI.BXANDER POPK. 1 17 He said ; when Shock, who thought she slept too long, Leap'd up, and wak*d his mistress with his tongue. *Twas then, Belinda, if report say true. Thy eyes first open'd ob a billet-doux ; Wounds, charms, and ardours, were no sooner read. But all the vision vanish'd from thy head. And now, unveil'd, the toilet stands displayed. Each silver vase in mystic order laid. First, rob'd in white, the nymph intent adores> With head uncovered, the cosmetic powers. A heavenly image in the glass appears. To that she bends, to that her eyes she rears ; Th* inferior priestess, at her altar side. Trembling, begins the sacred rites of pride. Unnumber*d treasures ope at once, and here The various offerings of the world appear ; From each she nicely culls with curious toil^ And decks the goddess with the glittering spoil. This casket Indians glowing gems unlocks. And all Arabia breathes from yonder box. The tortoise here and elephant unite. Transformed to combs, the speckled and the white. Here files of pins extend their shining rows, Pufis, powders, patches, bibles, billet-doux. Now awful beauty puts on all its arms ; The fair each moment rises in her charms. Repairs her smiles, awakens every grace. And calls forth all the wondars of her face : • • • , , 119 ALfiOUNPER POPB. 3ee6 by degrees a purer blush arise. And keener lightnings quicken in her eyes. The busy sylphs surround their darling care ; These set the bead, and those divide the hair ; Some fold the sleeve, whilst others plait the gown ; ^pd Betty's praisM for labours not her own, CANTO II. Not with more glories in th' ethereal plain^ The sun first rises o'er the purpled main. Than, issuing forth, the rival of his beams Launch'd on the bosom of the silver'd Thames. Fair nymphs and well-dress'd youths around her shone. But ev^ry eye was £bced on her alone. On her white breast a sparkling cross she wore. Which Jews might kiss, and Infidels adore. Her lively looks a sprightly mind disclose. Quick as her eyes, and as unfix*d as those : Favours to none, to all she smiles extends ; Ofit she rejects, but never once offends. 3right as the sun, her eyes the gazers strike. And, like the sun^ they shine on all alike. Yet graceful ease, and sweetness void of pride. Might hide her faults, if belles had faults^ to hide : If to her share some female errors fall, Look on her face, and you'll forget them all. This nymph, to the destruction of mankind, Nourished two locks, which graceful hung behind AUBXANBSR POPS. 119 In equal coris, and well conspir'd to deck With shining ringlets the smooth ivory neck. Love in these labyrinths his slaves detains^ And mighty hearts are held in slender chaitis. With hairy springes we the birds betray ; Slight lines of hair surprise the finny prey ; Fair tresses man's imperial race insnare. And beauty draws us with a single hair. Th* adventurous baron the bright locks admired ; He saw, he wish'd, and to the prize aspir'd. Resolv'd to win, he meditates the way, By force to ravish, or by fraud betray ; For when success a lover's toil attends, Few ask, if fraud or force attained his ends. For this, ere Phoebus rose, he had implorM Propitious heav'n, and every power ador'd ; But chiefly Love— to Love an altar built, Of twelve vast French romances neatly gilt. There lay three garters, half a i>air of gloves, And all the trophies of his former loves. With tender billet-doux he lights the pyrci. And breathes three amorous sighs to raise ^ iirew Then prostrate falls, and begs with ardent eyes Soon to obtain, and long possess the prize: The powers gave ear, and granted half his prayer; The rest, the winds dispersed in empty air. But now secure the painted ^i^ossel glides, The sun-beams trembling on the floatiag ^des: WhBe mehing music steals upon the sky;, And spften'd soimds along the waters 4i^f > - 120 ALfiXANDBR FOPB. Smooth flow the waves, the ^zephyrs gently playt Belinda smtl'd, and ^1 the world was gay ; All but the sylph — with careful thoughts opprest, Th* impending woe sat heavy on his breast* He summons straight his denizens of air ; The lucid squadrons round the sails repair ; Soft o'er the shroud aerial whispers breathe. That seem'd but zephyrs to the train beneath. Some to the sun ,their insect wings unfold, Waft on the breeze, or sink in clouds of gold 3 Transparent forms, too fine for mortal sights Their fluid bodies half dissolv'd in light. Loose to the wind their airy garments flew. Thin glittering textures of the filmy dew, Dipp'd in the richest tinctures of the skies, Where light disports in ever-mingling dyes. While every beam new transient colours fliflgs, Colours that change whene'er they wave their wings. Amid the circle, on the gilded rnast^ Superior by the head was Ariel plac'd ; His purple pinions opening to the sun. He raised his azure wand, and thus begun : Ye sylphs and sylphids, to your chief give ear; Fays, fairies, genii, elves, and daemons, hear ! Ye know the spheres, and various tasks assign'd By laws eternal to th* aerial kind. Some in the fields of purest sther play. And bask and whiten in the blaze of day ; Some guide the course of wandering orbs on high^ Or roll the planets through the boundless sky; ALBXANDBR POPS. 121 Soine» less refinM, beneath the moon's pale light Pursue the stars that shoot athwart the night. Or suck the mists in grosser air below, Or dip their pinions in the painted how. Or brew fierce tempests on the wintery main. Or o'er the glebe distil the kindly rain. Others on earth o'er human race preside, Watch all their ways, and all their actions guide : Of these the chief the care of nations own. And guard with arms divine the British throne. Our humbler province is to tend the fair. Not a less pleasing, though less glorious care ; To save the powder from too rude a gale. Nor let th* imprisoned essences exhale $ To draw fresh colours from the vernal flowers ; To steal from rainbows, ere they drop in showers, A brighter wash ; to curl their waving hairs^ Assist their blushes, and inspire their airs ; Nay oft, in dreams, invention we bestow, To change a flounce, or add a furbelow. This day, black omens threat the brightest £ur That e'er deserv'd a watchful spirit's care; Some dire disaster, or by force, or slight ; But what, or where, the fates have wrapp'd in nig|bjt^ Whether the nymph shall break Diana's law> Or some frail China-jar receive a flaw ; Or stain her honour, or her new brocade ; Forget her prayers, or miss a masquerade; Or lose her heart, or necklace at a ball ; Or whether heav'A has deem'd that Shock must fall 122 AJJ£XAND£ll POPK. I Haste theoi ye spirits I to your charge repair : The fluttering fan he Zephyretta's care t The drops to thee^ Brillante, we consign ; Andy Mom^ntilla, let the watch be thine ; Do thouy Crispissa, tend her favourite Lock ; Ariel himself shall be the guard of Shock. To fifty chosen sylphs, of special note. We trust th' in^ortant charge, the petticoat : Oflb have we known that seven^fold fence to Mi, Though stiff'with hoops, and arm'd with ribs of whale. Form a strong line about the silver bound. And guard the wide circumference around. Whatever spirit, careless of his charge. His post neglects, or leaves the fair at large, Shall feel sharp vengeance soon overtake his sins, Be stopp'd in vials, or transfix*d with pins ; Or plung'd in lakes of bitter washes lie, Or wedg'd whole ages in a bodkin's eye : Gums and pomatums shall his flight restrain. While clogg'd he beats his silken wings in vain ; Or alum styptics with contracting power Shrink his thin essence like a shrivel'd flower: Or, as Ixion fix'd, the wretch shall feel •Thf giddy motion of the whirling mill. In fumes of burning chocolate shall glow. And tremble at the sea that froths below I He spoke ; the spirits from the sails descend : Some, orb in orb, around the nymph e:(tend ; Some thrid the masy ringlets of her liair; Some hang upcm tlie pendents «f her«ar ; ALB3LANDKR POm. 12^ With beating hearts the dire event they wait, Abxious and trembling for the birth of fiite. CANTO III. Close by those meads, for ever crown'd with flowers. Where Thames with pride surveys his rising towers. There stands a structure of majestic frame, Which from the neighbouring Hampton takes itM name. Here Britain's statesmen oft the fall foredoom Of foreign tyrants, and of nymphs at home ; Here thou, great Anna ! whom three realms obey. Dost sometimes counsel take — and somedmcf tea. Hither the heroes and the nymphs resort, To taste awhile the pleasures of a court ; In various talk th' instructive hours they past, Who gave the ball, or paid the visit last ; One speaks the glory of the British queen. And one describes a charming Indian screen ; A third interprets motions, looks, and eyes ; At every word a reputation dies. Snuff, or the fan, supply each pause of chat, With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that. Meanwhile, declining from the noon of day, The sun obliquely shoots his burning ray ; The hungry judges soon the sentence sign. And wretches hang, that jurymen may dine ; The merchant firom dh' Exchange returns in peace. And the kMfig labours of the tpilet cease. !M ALBXANDBR l-OI'K. BelincU now, wliom thirst of fame invites, Burns to encounter two adventurous knights. At Ombre Eingly to decide tlieir doom ; And swells her breast witli conquests yet to come. Straight the three bands prepare in arms to join, Each band the number of the sacred nine, Soon as she spreads her hand, th' aerial guard Descendj and sit on each important card : First Ariel percli'd upon a Matadore, Then each according to the rank they bore: For aylphs, yet mindful of their ancient race. Are, as when women, wondrous fond of place. Behold, four Kings in majesty rever'd. With hoary whiskers and a forky beard; And four fair Queens, whose hands sustain a flower, Th' expressive emblem of their softer power ; Four Knaves in garbs succinct, a trusty band ; Caps on their heads, and halberls in their hand ; And party- coloured troops, a shining train, Drawn forth to combat on the velvet plain. Tlie skilful nympli reviews her force with care ; Let Spadesbe trumps! she said,and trumps they were. Now move to war her sable Matadores, In show like leaders of the swarthy Moors. Spadillio first, unconquerable Lord! Led off two captive trumps, and swept the board. As many more Manillio forc'd to yield. And march'd a victor from the verdant field. Him Basto follow'd, but his fate more hard Gain'd but one trump, and one plebeian card. ALEXANDER POFB. 125 With his broad sabre next, a chief in years. The hoary Majesty of Spades appears. Puts forth one manly leg, to sight reveard. The rest, his many-colour'd robe conceal'd. The rebel Knave, who dares his prince engage. Proves the just victim of his royal rage, Ev'n mighty Pam, that Kings and Queens o'erthrew, And mow'd down armies in the fights of Lu, Sad chance of war ! now destitute of aid. Falls undistinguished by the victor Spade ! Thus far both armies to Belinda yield ; Now to the Baron fate inclines the field. His warlike Amazon her host invades, Th' imperial consort of the crown of Spades. The Clubs' black tyrant first her victim died, Spite of his haughty mien, and barbarous pride : What boots the regal circle on his head. His giant limbs in state unwieldly spread; That long behind he trails his pompous robe. And, of all monarchs, only grasps the globe ? The Baron now his Diamonds pours apace ; Th' embroidered King who shows but half his face. And his refulgent Queen with powers combin'd. Of broken troops an easy conquest find. Clubs> Diamonds, Hearts, in wild disorder seen. With throngs promiscuous strow the level green. ' Thus when dispersed a routed army runs. Of Asia*8 troops, and Afric's sable sons. With like confusion di£Perent nations fly. Of various habit, and of various dye, « . - ^ 126 ALBXANDBR POFB. The piercM battalions disunited fall, In heaps on heaps ; one fate o'erwhelms them all. The Knave of Diamonds tries his wily arts. And wins (oh shameful chance!) the Queen of Hearts. At this, the blood the virgin's face forsook, A livid paleness spreads o'er all her look ; She sees, and trembles at th* approaching ill. Just in the jaws of ruin, and codille. And now (as oft in some distempered state) On one nice trick depends the general fate, An Ace of Hearts steps forth : the King unseen Lurk'd in her hand, and mourn'd his eaptive Queen : He springs to vengeance with an eager pace. And falls like thunder on the prostrate Ace. The nymph exulting fills with shouts the sky ; The walls^ the woods, and long canals reply. O thoughtless mortals ! ever blind to fate, Too soon dejected, and too soon elate. Sudden these honours shall be snatch'd away. And cursed for ever this victorious day. For lo ! the board with cups and spoons k crown*d, The berries crackle, and the mill turns round : On shining altars of Japan they raise The silver lamp ; the fiery spirits blaze : From silver spouts the grateful liquors glide^ While China's earth receives the smoking tide : At once they gratify their scent and taste. And frequent cups prolong the rich repast. Straight hover round the fair her airy band; Some, as she sipp'd, the fuming liquor fann'd; AXJOANOBR FOPB. 13/ Some o'er her lap their careful plumes display'd, TrembliDg, and conscious of the rich brocade. Coffee (which makes the politician wise» And see through all things with his half-shut eyes) Sent up in vapours to the Baron's brain New stratagems^ the radiant Lock to gain. Ah cease, rash youth ! desist ere 'tis too late» Fear the just gods, and think of Scylla's fate} Chang'd to a bird, and sent to flit in air. She dearly pays for Nisus' injured hair! But when to mischief mortals bend thetr will, Hoir soon they find fit instruments of ill ! Just then Clarissa drew with tempting grace A two-edg'd weapon from her shining case : So ladies, in romance, assist their knight. Present the spear, and arm him for the %ht. He takes the gift with reverence^ and extends The little engine on his fingers' ends ; This just behind Belinda's neck he spread. As o'er the fragrant steams she bends her head. Swift to the Lock a thousand sprites repair, A thousand wings, by turns, blow back the hair ; And thrice they twitch'd the diamond in her ear ; Thrice she look'd back, and thrice the foe drew near. Just in that instant, anxious Ariel sought The close recesses of the virgin's thought ; As on the nosegay in her breast redin'd. He watch'd the ideas rising in her mind. Sudden he view'd, in spite of all her art, An earthly lover lurking at her heart. 128 AIAXANDERmPB. Amaz*d, confus'd, he found his power expir'd, Resign'd to fate, and with a sigh retir*d« The Peer now spreads the glittering forfex wide^ T' inclose the Lock ; now joins it, to divide. Ev'n then^ before the fatal engine clos'd, A wretched sylph too fondly interpos'd ; Fate urg*d the sheers, and cut the sylph in twain, (But airy substance soon unites again) The meeting points the sacred hair dissever From the fair head^ for ever, and for ever ! Then flash*d the living lightning from her eyes, And screams of horror rend th' affrighted skiei»^ Not louder shrieks to pitying heaven are cast^ When husbands, or when lap-dogs, breathe their last \ Or when rich China vessels, fsAVn from high. In glittering dust and painted fragments lie ! Let wreaths of triumph now my temples twine (The victor cried), the glorious prize is mine I While fish in streams, or birds delight in air,. Or in a coach and six the British fair. As long as Atalantis shall be read. Or the small pillow grace a lady's bed. While visits shall be paid on solemn days^ When numerous wax-lights in bright order blaze> While nymphs take treats, or assignations give. So long my honour, name, and praise, shall live ! What time would spare, from steel i:eceives its date. And monuments, like men, submit to fate ! Steel could the labour of the gods destroy. And strike to dust th* imperial powers of Troy ; ALBXANBER POFB* 1^: Steel could the works of mortal pride confound. And hew triumphal ai'ches to the ground. What wonder then, fair nymph ! thy hairs should feel The conquering force of unresisted steel ? CANTO IV. But anxious cares the pensive nymph oppress'd. And secret passions labour'd in her breast. Not youthful kings in battle seiz'd alive, Not scornful virgins who their charms survive. Not ardent lovers robb*d of all their bliss. Not ancient ladies when refus'd a kiss. Not tyrants fierce that unrepenting die, Not Cynthia when her mantua's pinn*d awry. E'er felt sucl|. rage, resentment, and despair. As thou, sad virgin ! for thy ravish'd hair. For, that sad moment, when t(ie sylphs withdrew. And Ariel weeping from Belinda flew, Umbriel, a dusky, melancholy sprite. As ever sullied the fair face of light, Down to the central earthy his proper scene. Repaired to search the gloomy cave of Spleen. Swift on his sooty pinions flits the gnome^ And in a vapour reach'd the dismal dome. No cheerful breeze this sullen region knows. The dreaded east is all the wind that blows. Here in a grotto, shelter'd close from air^ And Bcreeu'd in shades from day's detested glare. She sighs for ever on her pensive bed. Pain ^ her sideband Megrin^ at her he»4*^ VOL. IV. K 13d ALKXANDBR POPH. Two handmaids wait the throne : alike in place. But differing far in figure and in face. Here stood Ill-nature like an ancient maid^ Her wrinkled form in black and white array'd; With store of prayers, for mornings, nights, and noons^ Her hand is fiU'd ; her bosom with lampoons. There Affectation, with a sickly mien^ Shows in her cheek the roses of eighteen, Practis'd to lisp, and hang the head aside, Faints into airs, and languishes with pride; On the rich quilt sinks with becoming woe. Wrapt in a gown, for sickness, and for show. The fair ones feel such maladies as these. When each new night-dress gives a new disease. A constant vapour o'er the palace flies ; Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise ; Dreadful, as hermits* dreams in haunted shades^ Or bright, as visions of expiring maids. Now glaring fiends, and snakes on rolling spires. Pale spectres, gaping tombs, and purple fires : Now lakes of liquid gold, Elysian scenes. And crystal domes, and angels in machines. Unnumber'd throngs on every side are seen. Of bodies changed to various forms by Spleen. Here living tea-pots stand, one arm held out. One bent ; the handle this, and that the spout : A pipkin there^ like Homer's tripod, walks ; Here sighs a jar, and there a goose-pie talks ; Men prove with child, as powerful fancy works. And maids, turn'd bottles, call aloud for corks. ALBXANDBR VOPB^ 131 Safe past the gnome through this fantastic band, A branch of healing spleen-wort in his hand. Then thus addressed the power: — Hail, wayward queen ! Who rule the sex to fifty from fifteen : Parent of vapours, and of female wit, Who give the hysteric, or poetic fit. On various tempers act by various ways. Make some take physic, others scribble plays ; Who cause the proud their visits to delay. And send the godly in a pet to pray. A nymph there is, that all thy power disdains. And thousands more in equal mirth maintains. But oh ! if e'er thy gnome could spoil a grace. Or raise a pimple on a beauteous face. Like citron-waters matrons' cheeks inflame. Or change complexions at a losing game ; If e'er with airy horns I planted heads. Or rumpled petticoats, or tumbled beds, Or caus'd suspicion where no soul was rude. Or discompos'd the head-dress of a prude. Or e*er to costive lap-dog gave disease. Which not the tears of brightest eyes could ease : Hear me, and touch Belinda with chagrin ; That single act gives half the world the spleen. The goddess with a discontented air Seems to reject him, though she grants his prayer. A wonderous bag with both her hands she binds. Like that where once Ulysses held the winds; There she collects the force of female lungi^. Sighs, sobs, and passions, and the war of tongues. K2 1^2 AUfiXANDER FOP£« A Tial next she fills with fainting fears. Soft sorrows, melting griefs, and flbwing tears. The gnome rejoicing bears her gifts away, Spreads his black wings, and slowly mounts to day. Sunk in Thalestris' arms the nymph he found, Her eyes dejected^ and her hair unbound* Full o'er their heads the swelling bag he rent. And all the furies issued at the vent* Belinda burns with more than mortal ire. And fierce , Thalestris fans the rising fire. O wretched maid ! she spread her hands, and cried, (While Hampton's echoes, wretched maid ! replied) Was it for this yon took such constant care The bodkin, comb, and essence, to prepare ? For this your locks in paper durance bounds For thi& with torturing irons wreath'd around ? For this with fillets strain*d your tender head. And bravely bore the double loads of lead ? Gods ! shall the ravisher display your hair. While the fops envy, and the ladies stare ?' Honour forbid ! at whose unrival'd shrine Ease, pleasure, virtue, all our sex resign. Methinks already I your tears survey. Already hear the horrid things they say. Already see you a degraded toast. And all your honour in a whisper lost ! How shall I then your helpless fame defend ? 'Twill then be infamy to seem your friend ! And shall this prize, th' inestimable prize, Exposed through crystal to the gazing eyes. AUBXANDBR POPB. 133 And heightened by the diamond's circling rays, On that rapacious hand for ever blaze ? Sooner shall grass in Hyde Park circus grow. And wits take lodgings in the sound of Bow ! Sooner let earth, air, sea, to chaos fall, Men, monkeys, lap-dogs, parrots, perish all ! She said; then raging to Sir Plume repairs. And bids her beau demand the precious hairs : (Sir Plume, of amber snuff-box justly vain, And the nice conduct of a clouded cane) With earnest eyes, and round unthinking face. He first the snuff-box open'd, then the case. And thus broke out — ** My Lord^ why, what the devil ? '^ Z — -ds ! damn the Lock 1 'fore Gad, you must be civil ! *' Plague on't I 'tis past a jest — nay prithee, pox ! ** Give her the hair"— -he spoke, and rapp'd his box* It grieves me much (replied the peer again) Who speaks so well should ever speak in vain ; But by this Lock, this sacred Lock, I swear, (Which never more shall join its parted hair; Which never more its honour shall renew, Clipp'd from the lovely head where late it grew) That while my nostrils draw the vital air. This hand, which won it, shall for ever wear. He spoke, and speaking, in proud triumph spread The long-contended honours of her head. But Umbriel, hateful gnome ! forbears nol «• ; He breaks the yial whence the sorrows flow. 134 AJLEXANDBR POPII. Theny see ! the nymph in beauteous grief appears. Her eyes half languishing, half drown'd in tears; On her heav'd bosom hung her drooping head. Which, with a $:igh, she rais'd ; and thus she said: For ever curs*d be this detested day, Which snatch'd my best, my favourite curl away ! Happy ! ah, ten times happy had I been^ If Hampton-court these eyes had never seen ! Yet am not I the first mistaken maid By love of courts to numerous ills betray'd. Oh, had I rather unadmirM reraain'd In some lone isle, or distant northern land : Where the gilt chariot never marks the way. Where none learn ombre, none e'er taste bohea ! There kept my charms concealed from mortal eye, Like roses, that in deserts bloom and die. What mov*d my mind with youthful lords to roam ? Oh, had I staid, and said my prayers at home ! Twas this, the morning omens seem'd to tell. Thrice from my trembling hand the patch-box fell ; The tottering china shook without a wind, Nay, Poll sat mute, and Shock was most unkind ! A sylph too warn'd me of the threats of fate. In mystic visions, now believM too late ! See the poor remnants of these slighted hairs I My hand shall rend what ev'n thy rapine spares : These, in two sable ringlets taught to break. Once gave new beauties to the snowy neck ; The sister lock now sits uncouth, alone. And inits fellow's fate foresees its own ; ALKXANDBR POPB. 185 Uncurrd it hangs, the fatal sheers demands. And tempts, once more, thy sacrilegious hands. Oh, hadst thou, cruel ! been content to seise Hairs less in sight, or any hairs but these ! CANTO V. She said : the pitying audience melt in tears ; But fate and Jove had stopp'd the Baron's ears. In vain Thalestris with reproach assails. For who can move when fair Belinda fails ? Not half so fix'd the Trojan could remain. While Anna begg'd and Dido rag'd in vain« Then grave Clarissa graceful wav'd her fan 3 Silence ensued, and thus the nymph began. Say, why are beauties prais'd and honoured most» The wise man's passion, and the vain man's toast ? Why deck'd with all ihat land and sea afford. Why angels caird, and angel- like ador'd ? Why round our coaches crowd the white-glov'd beaux ? Why bows the side-box from its inmost rows F How vain are all these glories, all our paihs, Unless good sense preserve what beauty gains: That men may say, when we the front-box grace. Behold the first in virtue as in face ! Oh 1 if to dance all night and dress all day, Cfaarm'd the small-pox, or chas'd old age away; Who would not scorn what housewife's cares produce, Or who would learn one earthly thing to use ? To patch, nay ogle, may become a saint ; Nor could it sure be such a sin to paint. 1Z6 AI4(XANDJ£R FOPB. But since^ alas ! frail beauty must decay; Currd or uncurrd, since Locks will turn to grey^ Since painted, or not painted, all shall fade> And she who scorns a man. must die a maid; What then remains, but well our power to use. And keep good humour still, whatever we lose ? And trust me, dear! good-humour can prevail. When airs, and flights, and screams, and scoldiqg fail. Beauties in vain their pretty eyes may roll ; Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul. So spoke the dame, but do applause ensued ; Belinda frown'd, Thalestris caird her prude. To arms, to arms ! the fierce virago cries. And swift as lightning to the combat flies* All side in parties, and begin th' attack ; Fans clap, silks rustle, and tough whalebones crack ', Heroes and heroines* shouts confus'dly rise. And bass and treble voices strike the skies. No common weapon in their hands are found ; Like gods they fight, nor dread a mortal wound. So when bold Homer makes the gods engage, And heavenly breasts with human passions rage ; 'Gainst Pallas, Mars ; Latona Hermes arms ; And all Olympus rings with loud alarms ; Jove's thunder roars, heaven trembles all around. Blue Neptune storms, the bellowing deeps resound : Earth shakes her nodding towers, the ground gives way, And the pale ghosts start at the flash of day ! Triumphant Umbriel on a sconce's height Clapp'd his glad wings, and sat to view the fights AUBXANBBR FOPB. 137 Propped on their bodkin spears, the sprites survey The growing combat, or assist the fray* While through the press enrag'd Thalestris flies. And scatters death around from both her eyes, A beau and witling perish'd in the throng. One died in metaphor, and one in song. •* O cruel nymph ! a living death I bear," Cried Dapperwit, and sunk beside his chair. A mournful glance Sir Fopling upwards cast, *' Those eyes are made so killing"-— was his last. Thus on Mseander's flowery margin lies Til' expiring swan, and as he sings he dies* When bold Sir Plume had drawn Clarissa down, Chloe stepp'd in, and kill'd him with a frown ; She smii'd to see the doughty hero slain. But, at her smile, the beau reviv'd again. Now Jove suspends his golden scales in air. Weighs the men's wits against the lady's hair. The doubtful beam long nods from side to side ; At length the wits mount up, the hairs subside. See, fierce Belinda on the Baron flies. With more than usual lightning in her eyes: Nor fear'd the chief th' unequal fight to try. Who sought no more than on his foe to die. But this bold lord, with manly strength endued,. She with one finger and a thumb subdued: Just where the breath of life his nostrils drew, A charge of snu£Pthe wily virgin threw; The gnomes direct, to every atom just. The pungent grains of titillating dust.. 138 ALBXANJ>ER VOVB* SuddeD^ with starting tears each eye o'erflows. And the high dome re-echoes to his nose. Now. meet thy fate, incensM fielinda cried. And drew a deadly bodkin from her side. ( The same, his ancient personage to deck, Her great-great-grandsire wore about his neck, In three seal-rings ; which after, melted down, Form*d a vast buckle for his widow's gown : Her infant grandame's whistle next it grew^ The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew ; Then in a bodkin grac'd her mother's hairs. Which long she wore, and now Belinda wears.) Boast not my fall (he cried), insulting foe ! Thou by some other shalt be laid as low. Nor think, to die dejects my lofty mind : All that I dread is leaving you behind ! Rather than so, ah ! let me still survive. And bum in Cupid's flames — but burn alive* Restore the Lock, she cries ; and all around^ Restore the Lock ! the vaulted roofs rebound. Not fierce Othello in so loud a strain Roar'd for the handkerchief that caus*d his pain. But see how ofl ambitious aims are cross'd^ And chiefs contend till all the prize is lost ! The Lock, obtained with guilt, and kept with pain. In every place is sought, but sought in vain : With such a prize no mortal must be blest, So heaven decrees ! with heaven who can contest ? Some thought it mounted to the lunar sphere^ JSince all things lost on earth are treasur'd there. AJLEXANJDSR POPS. 13J9 There heroes' wits are kept in ponderous Tases, And beaux in snuff-boxes and tweezer cases : There broken vows and death-bed alms are found) And lovers' hearts with ends of riband bound ; The courtier's promises^ and sick man's prayers. The smiles of harlots, and the tears of heirs. Cages for gnats, and chains to yoke a flea. Dried butterflies, and tomes of casuistry. But trust the Muse^-she saw it upward rise. Though mark'd by none but quick, poetic eyes : (So Rome's great founder to the heavens withdrew. To Proculus alone confess'd in view) A sudden star, it shot through liquid air. And drew behind a radiant trail of hair. Not Berenice's locks first rose so bright, The heaven bespangling with dishevell'd light. The Sylphs behold it kindling as it flies. And pleas'd pursue its progress through, the skies. Tliis the beau-monde shall from the Mall survey. And hail with music its propitious ray. This the4)le8t l6ver shall for Yen its take. And send up vowi^ from Rosamonda's lake. This Partridge soon shall view 'in cloudless skies. When next he looks through Galilseo's- eyes ; And hence th' egregious wizard shall foredoom The fate of Louis, and the fall of Rome. Then cease, bright nymph ! to mourn thy ravish'd hair. Which adds new glory to the shining sphere ! Not all the tresses that fair head can boast Shall draw such envy as th^ Lock you lost. 140 JONATHAN SWCpr. For, after all the murders of your eye, Wheo^ after millions slain, yourself shall die ; When those fair suns shall set, as set they must. And all those tresses shall be laid in dust, This Lock the Muse shall consecrate to fame. And 'midst the stars inscribe Belinda's name. JONATHAN SWIFT. BORN 1667. — ^DIBD 1744. BAUCIS AND PHILEMON. ON THE EVER-LAMENTED LOSS OF THE TWO YEW-TREES IN THE PARISH OF CHILTHORNE, SOMERSET. 1708. ImitaUdfrom the Eighth Book of Ovid, In ancient times, as story tells. The saints would often leave their cells. And stroll about, but hide their quality. To try good people's hospitality. It happen'd on a winter-night, As authors of the legend write. Two brother-hermits, saints by tradej^ Taking their tour in masquerade, Disguis'd in tatter'd habits, went To a small village down in Kent ; Where, in the strollers' canting strain^ They, begg'd from door to door in vain. JONATHAN swirr. 141 Tried every tone might pity win ; But not a soul would let them in* Our wandering saints, in woful state^ Treated at this ungodly rate. Having through all the village past. To a small cottage came at last, , Where dwelt a good old honest ye'man, Caird in the neighbourhood Philemon ; Who kindly did these saints invite In his poor hut to pass the night ; And then the hospitable sire Bid goody Baucis mend the fire ; While he from out the chimney took A flitch of bacon off the hook. And freely from the fattest side Cut out large slices to be fried ; Then stepp'd aside to fetch them drink, FilPd a large jug up to the brink. And saw it fairly twice go round ; Yet (what is wonderful !) they found ^was still replenished to the top, As if they ne'er had touched a drop* The good old couple were amaz'd. And often on each other gaz*d ; For both were frighten'd to the heart, And just began to cry,— What art ? Then softly turn'd aside to view Whether the lights were burning blue. The gentle pilgrims, soon aware on't. Told them their calling, and.their errand: 142 JONATHAN SWIFT. Good folks, you need not be afraid. We are but saint8, the hermits said ; No hurt shall come to you or yours : But for that pack of churlish boors, Not fit to live on Christian ground^ They and their houses shall bp drown*d ; Whilst you shall see your cottage rise. And grow a church before your eyes. They scarce had spoke, when fair and soft The roof began to mount aloft; Aloft rose every beam and rafter ; The heavy wall climb* d slowly after. The chimney widen'd, and grew higher. Became a steeple with a spire. The kettle to the top wa$^ jboist. And there stood fastened to a joist. But with the upside down, to show Its inclination for below : In vain ; for a superior force. Applied at bottom^ stops its course : Doomed ever in suspense to dwel}, 'Tis now no kettle^ but a bell. A wooden jack, which had almost Lost by disuse the art to roast, A sudden alteration feels, Increas'd by new intestine wheels ; And, what exalts the wouder more^ The number made the motion slower : The flier, though 't had kjaden feet^ Tum'd round so quick, yau ^carqe could see !t; JONATHAN SWIFT. 143 But, slacken'd by some secret power, Now hardly moves an inch an hour. The jack and chimney, near allied, Had never left each other's side : The chimney to a steeple grown. The jack would not be left alone ; But, up against the steeple rear'd, Became a clock, and still adhered ; And still its love to household cares. By a shrill voice at noon, declares. Warning the cookmaid not to bum That roast-meat which it cannot turn. The groaning-chair began to crawl. Like a huge snail, along the wall; There stuck aloft in public view. And, with small change, a pulpit grew. The porringers, that in a row Hung high, and made a glittering show. To a less noble substance changed. Were now but leathern buckets rang'd. The ballads, pasted on the wall^ Of Joan of France, and English Moll, Fair Rosamond, and Robin Hood, The Little Children in the Wood, Now seem*d to look abundance better. Improved in picture, size, and letter ; And, high in order placed, describe The heraldry of every tribe. A bedstead of the antique mode. Compact of timber many a load, , 144 JONATHAN SWIFT. Such as our ancestors did use. Was metamorphos'd into pews ; Which still their ancient nature keep By lodging folks dispos'd to sleep. The cottage by such feats as these Grown to a church by just degrees. The hermits then desirM their hosf To ask for what he fancied most. Philemon, having paus'd a while, Return'd them thanks in homely style : Then said, My house is grown so fine, Me thinks I still would call it mine ; I'm old, and fain would live at ease ; Make me the parson, if you please. He spoke, and presently he feels His grazier's coat fall down his heels : He sees, yet hardly can believe. About each arm a pudding-sleeve ; His waistcoat to a cassock grew. And both assum'd a sable hue ; But, being old, continued just As thread-bare, and as full of dust. His talk was now of tithes and dues : He smok'd his pipe, and read the news ; Knew how to preach old sermons next, Vamp*d in the preface and the text ; At christenings well could act his part. And had the service all by heart ; Wish'd women might have children fast, Aqd thought whose sow had farrow'd last; JONATHAN SWIFT. 145 Against dissenters would repine, And stood up firm for right divine ; Found his head fiird with many a system : But classic authors, — he ne'er missM 'em. Thus having furbish'd up a parson, Dame Baucis next they play'd their farce on. Instead of homespun coifs, were seen Good pinners edgM with colberteen ; Her petticoat, transformed apace. Became black satin flouncM with lace. Plain Goody would no longer down ; 'Twas Madam, in her grogram gown. Philemon was in great surprise. And hardly could believe his eyes, Amaz'd to see her look so prim ; And she admir'd as much at him. Thus happy in their change of life Were several years this man and wife ; When on a day, which proved their last. Discoursing o*er old stories past, They went by chance, amidst their talk, To the church -yard to take a walk ; When Baucis hastily cried out. My dear, I see your forehead sprout ! Sprout ! quoth the man ; what's this you tell us ? I hope you don't believe me jealous ! But yet, methinks, I feel it true ; And really yours is budding too— - Nay, — now I cannot, stir my foot ; It feels as if 'twere taking root. VOL. IV. h 146 JONATHAN SWIfT. Description would but tire my Muse.; In short, they both were turned to yews. Old Goodman Dobson of the green Remembers, he the trees has seen ; He '11 talk of them from noon till night, And goes with folks to show the sight : On Sundays, after evening-prayer, He gathers all the parish there ; Points out the place of either yew ; Here Baucis, there Philemon, grew : Till once a parson of our town. To mend his barn, cut Baucis down ; At which, 'tis hard to be believ'd, How much the other tree was grieved. Grew scrubbed, died a-top, was stunted ; So the next parson stubb'd and burnt it. ON POETRY, A RHAPSODY, 1733. All human race would fain be wits. And millions miss for one that hits* Young's universal passion, pride. Was never known to spread so wide. Say, Britain, could you ever boast Three poets in an age at most? Our chilling climate hardly bears A sprig of bays in fifty years ; JDIfATHAN SWIFT, 147 While every fool his claim alleges. As if it grew in common hedges. What reason can there be assigned For this perverseness in the mind ? Brutes find out where their talents lie : A bear will not attempt to fly; A founder*d horse will oft debate Before he tries a five-barr'd gate ; A dog by instinct turns aside. Who sees the ditch too deep and wide. But man we find the only creature. Who, led by folly, combats Nature ; Who, when she loudly cries. Forbear, With obstinacy fixes there ; And, where his genius least inclines, ^ Absurdly bends his whole designs. Not empire to the rising sun By valour, conduct, fortune won; Not highest wisdom in debates For framing laws to govern states ; Not skill hi sciences profound. So large to grasp the circle round ; Such heavenly influence require, * As how to strike the Muse's lyre. Not beggar's brat on bulk begot; Not bastard of a pedlar Scot ; Not boy brought up to cleaning shoes. The spawn of Bridewell or the stews ; Not infants dropt, the spurious pledges Of gipsies littering under hedges; L2 ■' •5- 148 JONATHAN SWIFT. Are 80 disqualified by fate To rise in chureh, or law^ or state. As he whom Phcebus in his ire Hath blasted with poetic fire. What hope of custom in the fair^ While not a soul demands your ware ? Where you have nothing to produce For private life, or public use ? Court, city, country, want you not ; You cannot bribe, betray, or plot. For poets, law makes no provision ; The wealthy have you in derision : Of state afiairs 3rou cannot smatter ; Are awkward when you try to flatter. Your portion, taking Britain round. Was just one annual hundred pound; Now not so much as in remainder. Since Gibber brought in an attainder; For ever fix'd by right divine (A monarch's right) on Grub-street line. Poor starveling bard, how small thy gains! How unproportion'd to thy pains ! And here a simile comes pat in : Though chickens take a month to fatten. The guests in less than half an hour Will more than half a score devour. So, after toiling twenty days To earn a stock of pence and praise, Thy labours, grown the critic's prey. Are swallow'd o'er a dish of tea; JONATHAN SWIFT. 149 Gone to be never heard of more. Gone where the chickens went before. How shall a new attempter learn Of different spirits to discern. And how distinguish which is wfaidi. The poet's vein, or scribbling itch ? Then hear an old experienced sinner. Instructing thus a young beginner. Consult yourself; and if you find A powerful impulse urge your mind, Impartial judge within your breast What subject you can manage best; Whether your genius most inclines To satire, praise, or humorous lines. To elegies in mournful tone. Or prologues sent from hand unknown* Then, rising with Aurora's light. The Muse invok*d, sit down to write ; Blot out» correct, insert, refine, Enlarge, diminish, interline ; Be mindful, when invention fails, To scratch your head, and bite your nails. Your poem finish'd, next your care Is needful to transcribe it fair. In modem wit all printed trash is Set off with numerous breaks and dashes. To statesmen would you give a wipe. You print it in Italic tj^e.. When lettei^ are in vulgar shapes, ^ *Ti6 ten to one the wit escapes : 1^0 JONATHAN SWIFT. But, when in capitals exprest» The dullest reader smokes ihe jest : Or else perhaps he may invent A better than the poet meant ; As learned commentators view In Homer, more than Homer knew. Your poem in its modish dress. Correctly Etted for the press, Convey by penny-post to Lintot, But let no friend alive look into *t. If Lintot thinks ^twill quit the cost. You need not fear your labour lost : And how agreeably surprised Are you to see it advertised ! The hawker shows you one in prints As fresh as farthings from the mint : The product of your toil and sweating ; A bastard of your own begetting. Be sure at Will's the following day, Lie snug, and hear what critics say ; And, if you find the general vogue Pronounces you a stupid rogue. Damns all your thoughts as low and little, Sit still, and swallow down your spittle* Be sUent as a politician. For talking may beget suspicion : Or praise the judgment of the town. And help yourself to run it down. Give up your fond paternal pride, ^QV argue on the weaker side ; JONATHAN SWIFT. 151* For poems read without a name We justly praise^ or justly blame; And critics have no partial views. Except they know whom they abuse : And, since you ne'er provoke their spite. Depend upon *t their judgment's right. But if you blab, you are undone : Consider what a risk you run : You lose your credit all at once ; The town will mark you for a dunce ; The vilest doggrel, Grub-street sends. Will pass for yours with foes and friends ; And you must bear the whole disgrace. Till some fresh blockhead takes your place. Your secret kept, your poem sunk. And sent in quires to line a trunk. If still you be dispos'd to rhyme. Go try your hand a second time. Again you fail : yet Safe *b the word ; Take courage, and attempt a third. But first with care employ your thoughts Where critics mark'd your former faults ; The trivial turns, the borrowed wit. The similes that nothing fit ; The cant which every fool repeats. Town jests and coffee-house conceits ; Descriptions tedious, flat, and dry, And introduc'd the Lord knows why : Or where we find your fury set Against the harmless alphabet; 152 Jonathan swift. And A's and B*g your malice vent. While readers wonder whom you meant; A public or a private robber, A statesman, or a South-sea jobber; A prelate who no God believes ; A parliament, or den of thieves ; A pick-purse at the bar or bench ; A duchess, or a suburb wench : Or oft, when epithets you link In gaping lines to fill a chink ; Like stepping-stones to save a stride, In streets where kennels are too wide ; Or like a heel-piece, to support A cripple with one foot too short ; Or like a bridge, that joins a marish To moorland, of a different parish. So have I seen ill-coupled hounds Drag different ways in miry grounds. So geographers in Afric maps With savage pictures fill their gaps^ And o*er unhabitable downs Place elephants for want of towns. But, though you miss your third: essay» You need not throw your pen away* Lay now aside all thoughts of fame, To spring more profitable game. From party-merit seek support ; The vilest verse thrives best at court. A pamphlet in Sir Bob's defiance Will never fail to bring in pence; JONATHAN SWIFT. 153 Nor be concern^ about the sale. He pays his workmen on the nail. A prince^ the moment he is crown'd. Inherits every virtue rounds As emblems of the sovereign power. Like other baubles in the Tower ; Is generous, valiant, just, and wise. And so continues till he dies : His humble senate this professes. In all their speeches, votes, addresses* But once you fix him in a tomb. His virtues fade, his vices bloom ; And each perfection, wrong imputed. Is fully at his death confuted. The loads of poems in his praise. Ascending, make one funeral blaze : As soon as you can hear his knell. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'specimensbritis08campgoog_4', 'collection': 'English-PD', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1819.0', 'title': 'Specimens of the British Poets: With Biographical and Critical Notices, and An Essay on English ...', 'creator': 'Thomas Campbell', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '8674', 'token_count': '12739', '__index_level_0__': '16282', 'original_id': 'a95f1cdde1dd64a4457d4928fd4464541149a0bb1f1bc66a68fa584d635899ac'} |
Shea Buckner
Shea Buckner (born December 12, 1986) is an American Olympian water polo player and actor. He won two NCAA Championships while playing for the University of Southern California. He also competed for the United States national team at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Career
High school
Buckner played water polo at Villa Park High School, where he scored 364 career goals. He was named to the All-American first team twice. In 2004, he was the CIF Division II Player of the Year, Orange County Register Player of the Year, and Century League MVP.
College
Buckner started his college career at the University of California in 2005. He scored 22 goals that season. He then transferred to the University of Southern California and did not compete in 2006. In 2007, he scored 24 goals to rank second on the team.
In 2008, Buckner scored 42 goals to rank second on the team again. He helped USC win the NCAA Championship, scoring three goals in the final match against Stanford. He was also named to the All-American first team and the NCAA Tournament first team. The following year, Buckner led the Trojans with 44 goals. He was again named to the All-American first team and the NCAA Tournament first team, and USC repeated as national champions.
International
Buckner played for the U.S. national team at the 2010, 2011, and 2012 FINA World League Super Finals, the 2011 FINA World Championships, and the 2012 Summer Olympics. He scored two goals at the Olympics, as the U.S. finished in eighth place.
Professional
Buckner plays professionally for Italy's Latina Pallanuoto.
Personal
Buckner was born in Huntington Beach, California, on December 12, 1986. He is 6 feet, 3 inches tall. He resides in Villa Park, California. Two of his siblings, Patrick and Shannon, played water polo for USC.
References
External links
Category:1986 births
Category:Living people
Category:Olympic water polo players of the United States
Category:Water polo players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Huntington Beach, California | mini_pile | {'original_id': '1fe72cd2823989134fe356f1dc184ba9d38fef9e948180abd999accbecd38f11'} |
Cycling tours with e-Bikes by Girona and L'Emporda
Leisure trips around Girona and Costa Brava areas with e-bikes.
We will discovery the Emporda, Costa Brava and Girona country side with electric bikes that allows makes more distance with less effort.
Charming small villages with a deep history, scenic trails and wonderful back roads.
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Only a handful of gambling activities will give you a chance to win in the long haul. This is what makes sports betting attractive because bettors have a good chance of winning. The best way to improve your chances of winning in sports betting is to have a good strategy. Here are some strategies employed by sports bettors.
Use Betting Systems
Betting systems are employed in almost every form of gambling, including sports betting. Ideally, these strategies are merely betting patterns followed in the event of a winning or losing streak. Some strategies employed include:
• Martingale system: Double the amount wagered after every loss
• Labouchere system: This is a type of cancellation strategy where the bettor comes up with a set of positive numbers in descending order which adds to a certain amount. The staked amount is a total of the first and last number on the list. Upon betting, the two amounts are cancelled out, and the process continues.
Focus on One Team
There will undoubtedly be hundreds or even thousands of sports betting options on any given day. As a result, it is far too simple to get sucked up into betting on various teams. Betting on many teams might be fun if you are a casual bettor who has a decent bankroll. Unfortunately, betting on many teams denies you the opportunity to make an informed choice. Ideally, focusing on a specific side or sport helps you gain in-depth knowledge, and improves your chances of winning.
Fade the Public
This strategy is easy to understand, as it only requires you to bet against the odds or public. Most sportsbooks often calculate their odds based on what they think the public will do. But how does one determine which side most sports bettors are backing? The best way to follow this is by looking at matchups, where public bias drives the betting action, and then you wager the opposite direction. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.949394464492798}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '31698', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QXRAJHA7R6HNZP7DOR3ZXLO7O5IK2NQ5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ecbba436-cf61-4566-a2ba-c4e3eaaddc1b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 16, 2, 58, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '141.138.210.11', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PP7P4F4ZROWLLANBB2EFTDPLYCUGFKDI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5376340d-6ffd-4491-b0f8-2e750a6616e8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://artifaqs.co.uk/learn-about-sports-betting/sports-betting-strategies/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:27f1f66f-03bd-4293-9809-4b068b0a8170>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '321', 'url': 'https://artifaqs.co.uk/learn-about-sports-betting/sports-betting-strategies/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-153.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08054620027542114', 'original_id': '385647cff7f23c311d77a3f48f14571fe275e03d8f3057f068bc4089a7d856cf'} |
Say the Texans or a trade partner doesn't take Louis Nix to start the second round of the NFL draft Friday afternoon.
The nose tackle may fall far from there, and the Chargers may look to benefit.
Between the Texans at 33 and the Chargers at 57, it's not a great market for "3-4" nose tackles like Nix. Aong with the Titans at 42, the Steelers may be a candidate at 46 after feeling the loss of longtime mainstay Casey Hampton.
Many other teams run a 4-3, and teams with a 3-4 design, like the Falcons, Ravens, Jets and Dolphins, at 37, 48, 49 and50, are invested at nose tackle.
This draft's top two nose tackles, Nix and Timmy Jernigan, went undrafted Thursday. And that may have owed in part to NFL nose tackles playing fewer snaps, in general, because defenses are swapping in faster players to chase quarterbacks and pass-catchers.
"It has changed over the years," Steelers general manager Kevin Colbert said, via the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "It has become more passing, more sub-package defenses. It has increased because of the change offensively. It doesn't change the way we evaluate. In a 3-4 defense, you are still going to start with a nose tackle."
The Patriots may seek a 3-4 nose tackle to groom behind Vince Wilfork, who is 32 and coming off a season-ending injury. But on Thursday, Bill Belichick spent the 29th pick on a lighter, faster lineman in end-tackle Dominique Easley, 6-foot-1 1/2 and 288 pounds. He's recovering from his second ACL tear in 22 months. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '2e60467d2c7221589e7d2e7ec2ce7516a19e7898b3d14bb97ee235ce98a6cfc0'} |
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<p>A HR COMPANY.</p>
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<p>JayJobs Connect is a Human Resource Consulting Firm located in Accra, Ghana. We provide HR services such Recruitment,Training and Development, Talent Management, Job Hunting and CV Writing Services<br/>
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<p> 1. We place a premium on customer service and are dedicated to providing prompt, personalized service to our clients and candidates.
<p> 2. We strive to provide first-class service to our clients and candidates while maintaining an open and honest working relationship.</p>
<p>3. We strive to provide prompt service and competitive rates for our clients.</p>
<p> 4. We strive to hire only the highest-quality employees for your company. We accept the duty of finding the best applicant for the job. We want to be your one-stop shop for all of your job-related needs.</p>
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<p>Our mission is to be our clients' and candidates' preferred and trusted recruitment partner. We are devoted to providing exceptional customer service, quality staffing, and affordable pricing in order to achieve this. By continually
providing outstanding HR solutions, we will enable the discovery of opportunities. Individuality and diversity are valued and respected while growing together as a global society </p>
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<p>We are constantly working to establish ourselves as the go-to source for job openings and HR services. Based on the breadth and quality of our services, our vision is to become the preferred Recruitment Agency of choice for
companies. We also want to be the best place for applicants to find and apply for amazing job opportunities with their dream companies.</p>
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<p> Our Recruitment offers the first step in smart staffing solutions with our wide range of service providers. We offer permanent, temporary and contract placements that will benefit your business </p>
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<p>We train your employees on matters of technical knowledge related to their jobs. We focus on teaching employees educational growth and maturity of people in managerial positions..</p>
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<p>We help tgetting the right talent onboard and helping them grow to their optimal capabilities keeping organizational objectives in mind.</p>
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<h3>CV Writing Services</h3>
<p> Our CV writing service helps you to engage employers with a professionally written CV that doubles your chances of getting noticed. Showcases your key career highlights, skills and portfolio </p>
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Lucille Ball
Kvetch Lucille Ball one of the first known women comedians, and the woman known as the redhead with the very annoying voice, was born August 6, 1911 in an average middle class American family. Ball’s ground breaking show “l Love Lucy’, gave insight into a middle class family in the sass’s, the only difference was Ball’s costar and husband Desk Earner was Cuban.
When I picked my topic I thought it would be cool to dig inside of Ball’s personal life with her husband and family but as I discovered she was one of the first women to have her own television show and is looked at as one of he most inspirational women in time for her contributions to television and the progression of women. But is Ball the woman behind her laughs from her show? In doing research I found that a woman by the name of Madeline Davis, was supposedly the woman who wrote Ball’s punch lines and Jokes.
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How is this so, her Jokes seemed so original and most of the time things seemed to ad lived. The I Love Lucy show warmed hearts and filled homes with love and laughter, so is it possible that Madeline Davis is the cause of all this? Although this may be true Lucile Ball inspired women all round to do what they feel she changed the way women were looked at in the sass’s. Her role as a mother, wife, comedian and actress were all portrayed in the show. Lucy is most famous for her contributions to women’s progression in society and television.
Lucille is known for being “In 1962, Lucy bought out former husband Desk, becoming the first (and only) female head of a studio – and once again refrained herself as an industry powerhouse” states Debt Bait. (up) She also had her own personal battles and demons she faced, from being in an open inter-racial legislation to suffering miscarriages with her first two children. Most women in this time were home makers but Lucy switched up how society looked at women roles. It was not rare that you seen a woman being an actress but to have her own show as Lucy did was unheard of.
The red head sometimes hardheaded wife gave an insight into some middle class families during the sass’s. Although some families were structured like the “Richards” all were not. The television show gave the perception that women do have other roles in life besides sitting at home and having children but that women hold the fort together. This was not any typical American sitcom. This show had all kinds of diversity and I think that’s what kind of trends Lucy set for generations to come. During this time women were looked down on, never really had a role in society, some did but not many.
It’s like Lucy set her own trends and did not care what others thought about her. “Serious, guarded, literal-minded perfectionist”(up), is what Tom Gilbert called her in his article. Ball’s works were phenomenal when it came to her acting skills. Her show was not the only thing she worked on it was more of her baby, but she did there television appearances as well and movies too. She shaped a culture that thought of women as so little and convinced people that women can really do other things besides be homemakers.
She made it known that women actually had a voice Ana could stand up Tort themselves. Seen Dates near Tie on Decoding ten Test Ana that’s what she did. She defined a nation for women. In doing my research I found that Lucille Ball was also an entrepreneur. Now I would like to focus on the general outlook of the show. Lucille and her husband Desk had one of the first production companies. They produced their own TV. Pilot that’s how they ended up founding their company Desire. This is one way she helped change society and the roles of women she started her own company.
Until now people have always thought that Lucy was the laughs behind her show. Upon doing research I found an article that suggested that Lucy was not the writer of her own Jokes and was not as funny as she portrayed to be. Why is this the first time that people are now hearing about this? This article by Tom Gilbert was wrote in 2011 and suggested that Madeline Davis was the woman who made Lucy so funny and helped shape the nation. Although it maybe be true that she wrote some the jokes and punch lines on the show how can someone else take credit for something that seemed so natural.
Gilbert states that the show is a “tale of two women”(2). This tale of two women are supposedly a cross between Davis and Ball. I searched to find a better understanding of this article and I find that some parts of this is somewhat untrue. Why now do you come forward to say that some else is responsible for the laughs heard around the country. This meaner that although we loved Lucy, she is not totally responsible for the shaping of the nation even though she is. Madeline Davis, a soft spoken woman is the woman who is supposedly behind the laughs of Lully’s hit show.
As I stated in the paragraph above it has not really been proven that Davis is solely behind the laughs if the show. Lucy does recognize Davis in a speech she gives at an award ceremony but she does not state that she was the woman behind her laughs. She was writer for the show after had done further research but this meaner that Lucy did not shape society and a culture by herself. But you have to give credit where credit is due. She wrote some of the things that caused us to laugh but not all. People would beg to differ but hey these are the facts.
It is still my belief that Lucy shaped a nation and helped make being a comedian and being a woman a thing to do. The reason I would like to focus some on Madeline Davis is because with her contributions to the show she helped Lucy change the way women were looked at in society. I would like to focus on how she balanced work and being a mother. It was very uncommon for a woman to work back in those days. Although most women were becoming entrepreneurs other women were making their mark in music or film but most were still homemakers.
Lucille Ball on the other hand Juggled being a mother, wife and actress. Even thought it was other women doing the same thing it seemed as though Lucy set trends for women to come. If you look at women today and look at a woman of Lully’s stature you seem how they are so similar. Now and days women were many hats in families some are even raising children working, and going to school all by themselves. This is not an easy Job for anyone but I do know that Lucille Ball it seem like a breeze. Women in television still Juggle being parent’s and their careers to this day.
As a parent myself, it is kind of hard to balance life as a parent as ell as a student. Lucille Ball did this with no problem. She contributed more to society back then than most do in a lifetime. It takes a strong minded woman to stand up say want sine’s going to AAA Ana want sine’s not going to 00. Seen Ana a strong team behind her and they pushed her. People focused solely on the fact that Lucy married outside of her race but she didn’t care she loved who she loved. She changed the way people thought about certain situations.
She was not only an actress but a mother as well. By showing society that you can work and be a parent too is what most women till do these days. This phenomenal woman showed that you can still balance a private and home life along with a career and still be good at what you do. She was in control of her own destiny and she did not stop until she made it to the top. She balanced taking care of her son Desk Jar. Who battled with depression and a drug problem. Their daughter Lucie followed in their footsteps and made a career in show business.
But Lucy loved both of her children equally even though one went down the wrong bath she still accepted both of them for who they were. It still took a toll ever her life having to deal with the problems of her son but because she was Lucille Ball she managed to work and maintain he life. The odds were stacked against Lucy and her family because of the inter-racial relationship she and Desk shared. Even though Desk and Lucy were married Just like any other normal couple they fought. They actually divorced and remarried.
Divorce was unheard of in the ass’s and although they loved each other they figured it was best but as stated before they eventually remarried and had two lovely children. Lucy had been through a lot by this time from being an actress and shared some of her cost personal secrets with the world. This also was unheard of because during these times people mostly kept their business to themselves. It seemed somewhat UN lady like to tell your business or to even get a divorce. And by Desk being catholic it was almost unheard of in that religion. In today’s society, especially among women entrepreneurs, we talk a lot about “work-life balance” – and many perceive Lucy as a pioneer in this area. At the time, Lully’s decision to have children in her ass’s was nearly unheard of – and an inspiration to many women who wanted to create a career and also enjoy a family. “(up). One of my sources Debt Bait states. This is completely true now and days females are having children more later in life that earlier and Lucille Ball is the one that everyone should thank for that. She set trends as Vive stated before.
When you look at this couple they are somewhat a power couple. They set trends all around the world even tough they had been divorced and remarried. They made it k to date outside of her race and set the trend for it. Lucille was a positive role model and influence for all women across the world not only in American but all across the land. Although it has been said that Lucy is not he woman behind her laughs she still made her mark on culture and society for years to come. In doing my research I found that she was quite popular in her time and that she was responsible for her own destiny.
Vive gained a greater understanding on how times were and how bad women had it back then. It was hard for women to break into the industry although it was many already in there. It was hard for women to do anything back then without being criticized. But Lucille Ball made her mark in showing that I can do this and more. She sets trends like inter- racial marriage because it was occurring back then it was unheard of. None one had ever seen it on television. When you look back on the greats you have to mention her because she is one of the greats she made her mark and people still watch her snows today.
Lucille Ball died over 20 years ago and she is still being recognized today. She is and always be one of the greatest women on television. She is most famous for the way she talked and her gorgeous red hair. Not too many women of this era can say they made a mark but Lucille Ball could. There are not too many shows that can still be seen from the ass’s but the “l Love Lucy Show’, is one the rare ones that can still be en on places like Tableland, Hallmark, and other channels late night and during the day.
from Nandarnold
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"What's the matter, Katarn? You've never heard of the turbolift? It's a lot easier than taking the stairs. It's faster too."
―A bounty hunter to Kyle Katarn[src]
A lift tube on the Arkanian Legacy
A turbolift, vacuum-lift, vacuum elevator, or lift tube was an "elevator" powered by a repulsorlift and was used mostly to transport people or cargo through large ships, buildings such as those on upper Coruscant, or even space stations such as the Wheel and the Death Stars.
They were capable of reaching great speeds without personal injury. The devices were sometimes referred to as turbovators rather than turbolifts; usage varied from world to world. Centerpoint Station referred to its elevator system that ran through Hollowtown and through the various metal shells as turbovators.
Though they provided a similar function, the drop shaft was distinctive from the turbolift.[1]
Some lifts would play lift-tube music.
Known modelsEdit
Behind the scenesEdit
The obvious real-world equivalent would be an "elevator" (or "lift," in British English), with the difference that an elevator is moved by cables and machinery, while a turbolift is moved by a repulsorlift. "Turbolift" has often been shortened in various Star Wars media to "lift."
Non-canonical appearances
Notes and referencesEdit
In other languages
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Posts posted by STP
1. The spotted hawk swoops by and accuses me, he complains of my gab
and my loitering.
I sound my barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world.
The last scud of day holds back for me,
It coaxes me to the vapor and the dusk.
You will hardly know who I am or what I mean,
But I shall be good health to you nevertheless,
And filter and fibre your blood.
Failing to fetch me at first keep encouraged,
Missing me one place search another,
I stop somewhere waiting for you.
Damn! That would make one hell of an elegy. Leave it to the poet to compose a meditation on death, that though the body perishes, the "essence" (or whatever the hell you want to call it) lives on in endless repetition of permutations.
--Ted Joans, "Jazz Is My Religion"
2. Guy’s talking out his ass. Check out the Wikipedia entry for ThePirateBay to see info concerning funding. Also do a search on Slashdot and read the current stories regarding legal prosecution. The “protesters” probably bought ad space on the site so the assumption that it’s a front site has no merit.
It’s interesting to see the blurb on Scientology. Critics of Scientology such as ‘Anonymous’( Anonymous_(group) have been targeted by Scientologists in their effort to shut down negative publicity. So, the Scientologists are against the use of anonymizing proxies to mask the IP address of critics. Interesting also that the German government dislikes Scientology due to the latter’s cult-like status and I believe the interior ministers of that government are moving to ban the ideology in Germany.
As far as TOR (the onion router) as much of technology, yes it can be used for illegal purposes and yes it can be used to foster free flow of information to support noble causes. If TOR or other anonymizing programs were outlawed, it would have a chilling effect on the free flow of information over the Internet.
You also might find this article provocative:
High-Traffic Colluding Tor Routers in Washington, D.C., and the Ugly Truth About Online Anonymity
3. Regarding self-immolation, as Bill Ayers Ted Kaczynski states in Fugitive Days "Industrial Society and Its Future," "You could not be a moral person with the means to act, and stand still. [...] To stand still was to choose indifference. Indifference was the opposite of moral."
Well, that’s just one statement by Ayers that, in principle, one could agree with although it does not justify his particular course of action of criminality. But the real question is what is more criminal?
Now, I condemn violence as the solution because most commonly there is a corresponding backlash that does not address the aggrieving condition but instead serves to perpetuate it. Governments have been accused of actually inviting these actions as an excuse to clamp down; something called the “strategy of tension”.
I do, however, question the assumption that only legal, non-violent means are necessary in all cases involving liberal societies where essential liberties are publicly proclaimed. Sometimes society requires a nudge in a particular direction. For instance, civil disobedience requires breaking the law to show others the injustice of a particular societal framework.
Now also, what is violent depends to some extent on who is making that determination. If the authority structure is threatened by direct action then most likely that action will be defined as violent, therefore, it is aberrant and pathological. Paradoxically though, sickness can be a way to a higher health. But you’re right; the common man should stick to the tried and true ways of seeking and maintaining a virtuous society.
4. similiar? sure. the same? hardly. quang duc sacrificied his life, this kid at most his liberty for a few weeks. the cause of pot legalization, though near n' dear to my heart, is hardly as august and respectable as quang's either.
Regarding self-immolation, as Bill Ayers states in Fugitive Days, "You could not be a moral person with the means to act, and stand still. [...] To stand still was to choose indifference. Indifference was the opposite of moral."
5. Newsweek editor Evan Thomas brought adulation over President Obama’s Cairo speech to a whole new level on Friday, declaring on MSNBC: "I mean in a way Obama’s standing above the country, above – above the world, he’s sort of God."
Ya, didn't Hegel view Napoleon in the same light as being the representation of the "world-soul"?
6. So, the BBC banned three songs from the album citing drug references in each song. These songs are Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, A Day in the Life, and Being For the Benefit of Mr Kite. They didn't ban With a Little Help from my Friends ("I get high with a little help from my friends") or even Lovely Rita ("when are you free to take some T with me") though McCartney being British was most likely talking about drinking tea.
Drug references? Judge for yourself:
7. Or maybe they WERE actually terrorists (such as in this case) and despite 'enhanced interrogation' (laughable techniques in Jordan) they managed to lie to, and fool trained investigators. Then were released back, and now are managing networks that are killing persons you SHOULD consider allies instead of letting the liberal mainstream media sway your mind with falsehoods and mindless incoherent civility.
Most likely it's both. There is no question MANY are our enemies. Some are innocent and some are guilty. Sorting that out is a hard row to hoe no doubt. Assuming MOST of these yahoos are guilty and are our enemies, then what? Are they imprisoned for life with no trial? Are those who are innocent then also imprisoned for life?
It ain't the American way.
Should that question of innocence be couched in legal terms fit for a domestic courtroom where we speak of a crime committed and the weight of evidence against an alleged perpetrator? Are we not talking about someone plucked from a battlefield involved in an act of aggression or planned aggression?
Now, what I do have reservations with is when that battlefield is not well-defined and when it merges into what we normally don't consider to be a war zone. Now, that disturbs my domestic tranquility.
But to get back to that question of innocence, it may never be fully answered. So, what then? I suppose that in the search for solutions you have to strive to understand your cognitive biases. There’s an online book that outlines how to approach this and available here: ( Psychology of Intelligence Analysis by Richards J. Heuer, Jr. ). Concerning cognitive bias, it states “…one can only generalize about the tendencies of groups of people, not make statements about how any specific individual will think.” So I take that to mean that it is not a foregone conclusion that all of the former prisoners will become future insurgents regardless of whether any already were. One only need to research findings concerning the Stockholm syndrome to realize this. In all possibility, what appears to be an insurgent is something altogether different.
Can you ever fully know the mind of a man?
8. Ya, that's that libertarian spirit embodied by John Perry Barlow (co-founder Electronic Frontier Foundation = acidhead) though Barlow doesn't seem as cavalier as Nothaus regarding drug use. Different drugs of course but to Barlow it's more like a sacrament ( Liberty & LSD). Then again, the irreverence beckons to the Discordian genius of Robert Anton Wilson.
Hit it, again... [video:youtube]Ye3ecDYxOkg ( though I do prefer the Brewer & Shipley original.)
9. When you speak of “stupid” Americans are you referring to those useful idiots who serve as apologists for their particular flavor of politics, those same stooges who are more concerned about window dressing rather than the price of the items advertised to be purchased?
While Obama campaigned on the mantra of change, necessity has shown that many of the changes he stated will not be implemented with the exception of some changes that were publicly proclaimed as evidence of his noble intentions. Of course, political reality dictates that the tools put into place by the Bush administration largely remain, as long as the threat of insurgency exists.
So, we have Obama speaking a kind of Aesopian language, not in the sense of a dissident voice but rather of one utilizing ‘oblique speak” or double talk, where he telegraphs his intention of preserving and in some cases expanding the unitary executive powers. With “prolonged detention” Obama seeks to erect a legal framework to legitimize this extraordinary authority. Why be concerned? Well, it highlights the difference between a “liberal” democracy and the potential emergence of a “totalitarian” democracy.
10. Some aspects of the German experiment for rising out of the debt crisis circa 1920's/30's appear intriguing. For instance, they launched a massive public works campaign by issuing Labor Treasury Certificates and with the campaign the unemployment problem was solved within two years. The Germans also restored foreign trade by establishing a barter system independent of the private banking cartel.
Inflation is a consideration but only if supply and demand do not increase in synch. TIME TO GET OUT THE WHEELBARROWS?
I read elsewhere that the Weimar hyperinflation was preceded by creditors calling the loans incurred as a result of WWI, thus leading to a liquidity crisis which in turn led to measures that caused the initial hyperinflationary conditions.
11. The current troubles do not account for the budgetary crisis encountered during the Gray Davis era and prior. Yes, a drop in tax revenue could account for both crises but state spending appears to be the greater factor. If spending were restrained and monies set aside for downturns, then perhaps they wouldn't be forced to take draconian measures to balance the budget.
On the other hand, perhaps North Dakota's example ( How the Nation’s Only State-Owned Bank Became the Envy of Wall Street ) of setting up a state bank would be worth examining.
12. Ya, and the lives of his family members and possibly to distant relatives but only if they hadn't already reproduced. Besides, if his fault is genetic you can't rightly hold him responsible, for example, if he has a congenital defect. Maybe the Darwin Award should be called the Social Darwinism Award.
13. So, can you explain why Obama as a constitutional law professor and his administration have backed off from prosecuting members of the Bush administration for allegedly breaking the laws? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '101', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9546871781349182}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '108441', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:77GDGPCV4J6QDBURHKVYQC7OFANUJJLY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c1ae640d-3acb-4638-8514-786a2e1100a7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 16, 9, 6, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '45.79.78.13', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:53KNMODVPD37VYQKMFINGKTFMLDCFAHF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b9aab5a0-d7f2-4532-b42a-149379c2e010>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://cascadeclimbers.com/forum/profile/24167-stp/?do=content&type=forums_topic_post&change_section=1', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f153ef94-d9ec-4409-9aa9-4de52be51908>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1844', 'url': 'https://cascadeclimbers.com/forum/profile/24167-stp/?do=content&type=forums_topic_post&change_section=1', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-27.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.12676537036895752', 'original_id': '6ec97ebb193fdb8bbb07d725c549a06358a9fa369c30e1b8be1a7d951b251a3f'} |
Kat Stefankiewicz
We’re impressed with Kat Stefankiewicz not just because she brings out the inner sports fan in us, but because she also has a way of tapping into her own vulnerabilities, bringing them to the surface, and saying what’s on all of our minds. You can find Kat cheering on the Toronto Raptors as an in-game host during the NBA season or riding to the beat as a spin instructor at Toronto’s Spokehaüs.
PN: Hey Kat, what does your day-to-day look like?
KS: Every day is a different beast and I wouldn’t want it any other way. I’m a creative nerd at heart, a performer by trade, and a storyteller by what the world has called me to do. I’m a host and emcee on TV and live events, a spin instructor, and dabble in the digital media field as a personality and social influencer.
I have a restless soul and don’t believe you should be limited to doing only one thing for the rest of your life because passions are abundant, your desires change, and life is too short, so don’t make it suck.
PN: How did you get involved in sports? When did your love for it grow?
KS: Sports have always been in my life. Growing up, my sister and I were competitive dancers. I played baseball, my brother played rep hockey, and my Dad was a referee and coached us both. I was that kid who was always running around the neighbourhood playing some sport or doing some activity. It’s wild that my two childhood passions of sport and performance came to fruition in a career many years later. I’m grateful for it every day.
PN: How do you deal with the pressure of having to be on with 20,000 spectators watching and listening?
KS: It’s funny because I’m an introverted extrovert, but when the camera turns on, it’s a comfort zone. I forget about the chaos surrounding me and have learned to find that zone where everything feels effortless and fun. It did take a lot of experience to be able to tap into it every day. I get a high from the thrill of the live show and have learned to trust my talent to be able to deliver successfully.
PN: What ignites your fire?
KS: I’m motivated by being given opportunities that not everyone gets. I also have a ‘fighter-type’ personality that caters to my entrepreneurial lifestyle. I’ve always been a storyteller; it started as a dancer at six-years-old and now I speak into a microphone. I love being able to bring an aha! moment, laugh or light to someone’s day. My passions are numerous but are all tied by sports and performance. I’m a runner, spin instructor, and yoga enthusiast who is obsessed with the great outdoors, food, travel, and adventure.
PN: You’re mostly based in Toronto. What do you love the most about the city?
KS: Toronto is the whole world in one place. As someone passionate about travel, food, and culture, it’s pretty cool to tour a few countries on a short streetcar ride. It’s a city full of authentic energy and genuine pride for what it offers. It’s a city that is welcoming and supportive of the differences and similarities between people and their cultures. I get to participate in most of my passions all in one place, with the entertainment district, parks, and beaches moments away from each other. I adore this city.
PN: We love your Instagram posts because they’re real. Was it hard for you to be vulnerable on a public space like Instagram?
KS: It definitely gets easier with time and I believe this comes with personal growth. Since we’re all doing it together, why not remind others that both the highs and lows are powerful moments? The words I receive from others of gratitude for what I share is what keeps me sharing. I still have my moments of ill confidence when it comes to exposing my soul, but it honestly just feels right. Being known for my authentic character is something that I am proud of and I promise to keep it real, always.
PN: How has your personal brand evolved over the years?
KS: Being in the public spotlight, I’ve really taken advantage of being a social influencer over the last few years to bring awareness to brands and causes that I support. It’s a high for me to connect with people over relative matters. As you grow, life experiences shape you as a person and your folder of ‘life advice’ expands. The passions and people you held close to your heart ten years back transform and fade. What you are able to offer to the world changes. I think my personal brand is more than the professional experiences attached to it. I know who I am as a woman and it’s developed into sharing tales of transformation in this crazy little thing called life.
PN: You’ve talked openly about combating your low lows. When you’re not at your most productive, or you’ve hit a snag, what are some things you do to overcome the fear/doubt?
KS: Spending time alone and out of the public spotlight is something I value. I consider myself an introverted extrovert, so giving into days when I just don’t have it in me, physically, mentally, and creatively without guilt, helps me conquer obstacles. Literally sitting on my couch in my pj’s with a coffee and my journal, and my phone in the other room. Running is my other therapy; a long run with nature and good music is a cleanse for me.
PN: Favourite moments from your work with the Toronto Raptors?
KS: Professionally, some of my highs have been contributing to All Star weekend for the past three seasons as an in-game host. When the All Star game came to Toronto, being a part of such a historic moment for the city was both surreal and humbling. I was very proud to show off how we do things in Toronto and to showcase not only our beautiful city but the people and culture we are known for. There were a lot of ‘WOW’ moments. This was a show that I watched in awe from my couch for years, and here I was being able to contribute to the spectacle. It was magical and a lot of hard work. It was definitely one of the biggest highlights of my journey so far. On more of a personal level, having the opportunity to engage with the passionate fans, whose energy is addictive, who have turned into family. I look forward to that at every game and event. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9653157591819764}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '42986', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HOGM53A3VIAVZ3ATQXGBSKNNROBAUFGD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b0f5aeaf-ffad-4b9d-94b8-ac455c05170e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 25, 4, 38, 31), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.28.25.234', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YXIPJCTGSUJDPTCXX2K3X26KKATAM46S', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f349eeae-1782-4a4f-a9ff-c2fdb3474d6c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://pressednews.com/impressed/kat-stefankiewicz/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:eb4c5ac9-6bbb-4118-a4f5-5a4e03358557>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1092', 'url': 'https://pressednews.com/impressed/kat-stefankiewicz/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-157-215-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.020173490047454834', 'original_id': '8bc5dae17152e51cb723581f00d82bee79ba01ab6391ca3e217a8a31e5ae3eff'} |
Spicy Chicken Noodle Soup with Kale
I sort of feel like it's unfair to call this soup cooking because it's really repurposing a bunch of leftovers. But that doesn't make it any less delicious.
This chicken soup has been developed over time after countless chicken dinners and it more often than not involves a store-bought roast chicken. The kale was a 'what happened to be in the garden at the time' addition and there may be more or less vegetables depending on what happens to be in my fridge at any given time.
Kale_HelenaMcMurdo Photography
As for the chicken stock. I often end up using a mixture of my own quick stock, made from the chicken carcass topped up with some store-bought variety.
The special touch is a spoonful of homemade sofrito which I make in big batches and freeze in ice cube trays for when I need it. Sofrito is the onion and tomato base used for many a Spanish dish and I find to have this on hand is a wonderful thing. I use it constantly to add flavour to paella, soups or even to give extra dimension to a quick spaghetti sauce. I use Ferran Adrià's recipe from The Family Meal, which you can find hereIf you don't have the sofrito on hand, you can substitute a spoonful of tomato paste.
Finally I give this soup a shot of spice with pimentón picante, Spanish spicy smoked paprika.
The result is a robust, nourishing, soup that will take the chill off any day.
Spicy Chicken Noodle Soup with Kale and Sofrito
Chicken Stock Ingredients:
Leftover cooked chicken with the equivalent of 1 breast and 1 leg remaining
10 peppercorns
1 bunch of parsley
1 bay leaf
2 stalks of celery, roughly chopped
2 carrots in large chunks
1 onion, skin on, split in half
Soup Ingredients:
2 litres chicken stock
1 stalk celery, finely diced
3 medium carrots, finely diced
1 medium onion, finely diced
1 to 2 TBSP sofrito
1 bunch of Kale
2 cups angel hair egg noodles
1 tsp pimentón picante (spicy smoked paprika)
Grated parmesan to garnish
1. Make the stock.
Remove the bulk of the meat from the chicken carcass and set aside in the fridge while you make the soup.
Place the chicken carcass in a pot with peppercorns, bay leaf, onion, carrot and celery and cover with water.
2. Simmer gently for 30 to 40 minutes
Pick any remaining meat and set aside. Dispose of the carcass and the vegetables. Drain the stock and set aside.
3. Sauté the mirepoix.
In a large pot, heat the olive oil and saute the onion, celery and carrots.
4. Add stock.
Add your stock and top up with purchased chicken stock to make up the required quantity.
5. When the vegetables are cooked, add a tablespoon of sofrito (or tomato paste) and the kale. About 5 minutes later, add the noodles.
6. Cook until both the kale and the noodles are almost tender (about 5 minutes more).
7. Dice the chicken meat and add it to the soup.
8. Add the pimentón and season with salt and pepper.
9. Heat for an additional 5 minutes.
10. Serve with grated parmesan.
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Recycled Eyeglasses Manufacturing - Good for the Environment?
Recycled Eyeglasses
Posted by Zenobia Chan on 4 September 2019
The business of sustainability is booming. Companies worldwide are turning their attention to creating products that are as eco-friendly as possible through sustainably sourcing, giving back or making the core product components from recycled materials — and the eyeglasses industry is no different.
With eyeglass companies like Sea2See Eyewear and Solo Eyewear leading the eco-war with recycled eyeglasses, they've seen significant positive feedback from customers. So it's no wonder that other eyeglass companies like Dick Moby, are increasingly joining the bandwagon and looking to green their eyewear.
But exactly how do we start turning around our products to be more eco-friendly? And what processes should we be following? Going more environmentally friendly has its benefits when done correctly and not for greenwashing purposes. Before deciding to switch up your operations, let's discuss everything you may not know about manufacturing recycled and green eyeglasses.
The war on single-use plastics
Recycled Eyeglasses
It's no surprise that there have been issues with products and how environmentally friendly they are. Recently, one of the most significant points to come under the spotlight is of single-use plastics. It's drawn lots of controversies and has become a global issue as these plastics aren't easily recyclable.
As consumers become more aware of issues, and businesses held more responsible by their stakeholders, there is a need for more eco-friendly products. Whether you are a small or large business, no consumer really wants to buy plastic sunglasses and knowingly contribute to the pollution problem — it simply does not make them feel good to be part of the problem.
So the eyewear industry has started to tackle the problem, by capturing the polluting plastic and making it into frames and lenses for your eyeglasses.
The impact of single-use plastics
As pointed out, the main concern with single-use plastics is that they're made to be disposable. These plastics are usually used once and then thrown away or recycled (often the latter as recycling these plastics is usually tricky). As plastics don't biodegrade (they photodegrade), they'll slowly break down into smaller fragments known as microplastics. They will eventually contaminate soil, water & food.
You can find most of these plastics in packaging, which accounts for about half of the plastic waste in the world. And unfortunately, many companies just think about the product rather than the packaging. For example, when a consumer receives their eco-friendly glasses, the packaging (usually made of single-use plastic) is then thrown away! Not just that, but when eyeglasses are shipped to their destination, the packages (often made up of plastics that aren’t environmentally friendly or recyclable) end up in landfills. In essence, your ecofocus should not only be about the product, but your entire production from supply to delivery.
Restricted substance list
Even though recycling is much better than throwing them away, only 9% of the nine billion tonnes of plastic the world has ever produced has been recycled. Most end up in landfills, dumps, the environment or in the air (burning the plastic but releasing harmful gasses like furan and dioxin). The most cited barrier for such low volume recycling comes down to the variety of plastics. There's just too many and since they can't be recycled together, sorting and collecting different types of plastics takes a lot of time.
The best way to make sure that your plastic comes from reliable and sustainable recycling sources is to test and evaluate your supply chain. Testing your raw materials ensures your compliance with the environmental regulations in your area, and gives you a detailed overview of your entire eyeglass production process, which is just good business. Not testing though, can have drastic negative impacts on your brand and business, for example, the case with McDonald's paper straws
Regardless, recycling plastic is still a much better alternative to throwing them away after one use. Let's take a look at some star examples of companies who are using recycled material in their eyewear to tackle the environmental pollution problems.
SOLO Eyewear
SOLO has a wide range of eco-friendly eyewear, and the company believes in respecting our planet. Their eyewear is created from recycled plastics, repurposed bamboos & acetate. On top of this, every pair of glasses you buy, Solo will donate towards eye surgeries and fund prescriptions for people in developing countries.
Modo's eyewear brand ECO is made of 95% recycled plastics and steel and is the first consumer company to receive an Environmental Claims Validation (ECV) from Underwriter Laboratory (UL). In addition to using recycled eyewear, for every frame you buy, the company will plant a tree to support clean air, in partnership with Trees for the Future.
Hong Kong eyewear company Okia has recently announced the launch of their first sustainable eyewear collection Reshape. The collection contains eyewear exclusively made from recycled plastic bottles (PET) with a biodegradable lens named the bio lens 2.0.
Many other companies pursue environmentally friendly practices (Swell Vision, Blue Planet Eco-Eyewear, Ozeano, to name a few more), and evidence is showing that it's been working in their favor. Their brand and products are getting more buzz and hype as they set a precedent for product innovations to come. But how exactly are they recycling these materials to create new glasses? Let's take a look at the most common material for recycling: plastic.
How recycled eyeglasses are made
Recycled Eyeglasses
In general, plastic recycling for eyeglasses can follow these steps (processes can vary based on different types of plastics):
1. Collecting
Plastics are collected through recycling programs or from collection points.
2. Sorting
Once brought in, the plastics go through a sorting process where they're grouped based on their resin code (RID). Universally, plastic is categorized into six different forms;
• Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE or PET)
• High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
• Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
• Polypropylene (PP)
• Polystyrene or Styrofoam (PS)
• Others
The sorting step is vital in the recycling process. If not done properly, when you go to remelt your plastics, they can phase-separate (like oil and water).
3. Shredding & Washing
The sorted plastics are shredded and washed before they are processed further. The goal here is to remove any impurities or non-plastic items that could have made its way into the batch, such as a paper label stuck to the material.
4. Melting & Pelletizing
The final stage sees the plastics melted and smashed together to form plastic pellets. These pellets can then be used in the production of other products, like making recycled eyeglass frames!
Unfortunately, not all plastics can be recycled. Resin classifications like PVC, PS, and others not listed aren't recyclable due to their toxicity to humans. Furthermore, not all plastics will maintain their quality through continuous recycling. Each time plastic is recycled, to keep competitive with other products in the markets, manufacturers usually add virgin plasticizers to help improve the integrity of the recycled plastic. Hence why even some 'greener' spectacles are not 100% made from recycled materials.
In reality, plastic can only be recycled around three times before the quality significantly decreases where it can no longer be used. Other options implemented have been a ban on plastics, and as of 2019, more than 60 countries have already introduced bans and levies to curb single-use plastic waste. Even Africa is coming onboard with banning single-use plastics, implementing bans on plastic bags in countries like Rwanda, where they have large signs reading “Use of non-biodegradable polythene bags is prohibited”.
So what about Acetate?
Recycled Eyeglasses
Besides recycled plastic, many of the companies mentioned above are also using cellulose acetate in their eyewear — citing it's environmentally friendly and natural benefits.
First developed in the 1860s, cellulose acetate is a non-petroleum plastic that is made from natural cotton and wood fibers. It's well-known and widely praised for a high-quality, glossy, and flexible structure — making it the choice material for eyeglasses. The material also has the most extensive range for transparency, vibrant colors, and finishes. Even better, since acetate is made from natural materials, unlike man-made fibers, technically speaking, it comes from a renewable resource and should be biodegradable
While most of this is true, little research has been done to understand the environmental impact of acetate. Acetate was inherently created to resist degradation, so it really shouldn't biodegrade as claimed by most eyewear companies.
Even worse, manufacturing acetate also has limited research around the topic. Good quality acetate is mainly manufactured in Italy, where broader EU manufacturing regulation can monitor the environmental impact. But there are also acetate manufacturers in China, which is traditionally less stringent with manufacturing regulations. Without much information about the process though, we can assume that acetate can be doing more harm than good to the environment there. All the ingredients to make acetate are highly dangerous substances (acetic acid, acetic anhydride, and sulfuric acid). This waste can be harmful to the environment if not disposed of properly.
All-in-all, acetate seems to be the better option than virgin plastics to create eyewear. Recycling acetate is technically possible, and acetate in cigarette buts is an example, but otherwise, not enough information is out there about acetate recycling to assess its impacts.
What's next?
Of course, there are other materials other than plastic and acetate that you can consider when creating your eyewear. Such as recycled woods and metals. While these materials are more eco-friendly than plastics, you also need to look at the entire manufacturing process. For example, titanium, a typical metal for frames, can produce extremely toxic waste during production of the metal. The process for making titanium creates sulfuric acid waste or chlorine gas that can leak into the water or air, and have devastating effects on the environment.
As the environmental movement grows, and more policies and regulations start to become enforced. It seems the best trend in eyewear is to create eyeglasses that recycle, rather than creating eyeglasses from recycled materials. That's why biodegradable products are trending — as we need to start thinking about the future of products after their uses.
To help the environment from a manufacturing point, we need to ensure that our wastes and products can have a sustainable end-life to be reused into other products.
Your best option is to test!
Recycled Eyeglasses
Regardless if you're creating eyeglasses from acetate, recycled metals or recycled plastics — going green is here to stay. What's important though is to make sure your factory, processes, and product quality is compliant and tracked.
There have been cases where PEL tested the rubber on the eyewear 'ears' that burned irregularly and hardened because the sub-supplier changed the chemical used to cure the rubber — subsequently failing the toxicology and quality lab tests. This came from a sub-supplier that has been producing high-quality rubber eyewear products for decades, but a simple change in curing the materials made their product chemically unsafe and over 10,000 pieces of eyewear had to be recalled. It’s not only important to test eyewear at the onset, but to keep tabs on sub-suppliers as well with a zero tolerance policy.
At PEL, we offer testing and auditing services to help you ensure environmental compliance and verification. We can provide our services to help you understand your supply chain in more detail, and spot opportunities to improve environmentally, without losing out on quality.
If you’re interested to switching your eyeglasses to be more environmentally friendly, reach out to us today.
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Topics: Eyewear Manufacturing
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Why Is the “Rule of Law” Important to My Mental Health?
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what is the and why does it matter?
The rule of law is: “a situation in which the laws of a country are obeyed by everyone The courts uphold the rule of law.”
In a country that follows the rule of law, the laws and penalties are the same for everyone. Under that definition, there isn’t a country in the world that is entirely following the rule of law. A lot of countries, maybe even most, believe in it and work towards it, however, and that is important.
When people are able to go around the law if they are rich or powerful, that causes problems.
If people are more harshly punished because they are poor or a minority, that causes problems.
When the heads of government use their power to go around laws and ignore them, that causes problems.
If governments pass laws that make some people legally “better” than others, that’s a problem.
problems when we don’t follow the rule of law:
When laws are easy to understand and fair, people benefit. If laws are enforced the same for rich people and poor, Black people and white, people benefit.
When you look at the United State’s laws, it looks like laws are the same for everyone, but in practice, it’s not really true. I bet you can think of lots of ways that the rule of law isn’t followed. Here are some examples I run into that affect peoples’ directly:
• A couple is getting divorced. One partner has money for a lawyer, the other doesn’t. Even though the one without a lawyer has been doing most of the caregiving, the one with the lawyer is awarded the child.
• A well-off person and a poor person get tickets for speeding. The well-off person gets their ticket “fixed” by a lawyer, pays a fine for a lower offense, and has no “marks” on their license or insurance. A poorer person pays the fine and their insurance goes up. Or perhaps they also lose their license because they have too many “marks”. They might even be unable to afford the fine and have to spend time in jail.
• A family has been reported to child services for abuse or neglect. Many children go unprotected because they have the “right” kind of family. If the family is wealthy, and/or white, or and/or straight, even if there is abuse, the child is likely to stay in the home. For families that are poor and/or people of color and/or LGBTQ, the child is more likely to be taken from them. Even if that family did nothing wrong. injustice distorts your mental health
when our leaders don’t follow the rule of law:
Because most countries believe in rule of law even if they don’t always practice it, a country that doesn’t follow rule of law — that is corrupt, in other words:
• Loses allies throughout the world.
• Makes bargains that benefit leaders and not the country they lead.
• Develops policies that are inconsistent and don’t make sense
just and unjust laws and the rule of law:
As many people realize, not all laws are just (fair). Many people think it’s unfair that colleges are too expensive to save for, now. Others feel its unfair that Fair Wage laws aren’t enforced and that white men still make more than other people regardless of job or talent. Some notice that the fact that schools are paid for by local income taxes means that schools aren’t equal. People have grappled all through history with how to handle unfair laws.
Do you try to change the law by becoming a leader? What about protesting? Unionizing? When all else has failed and people continue to be seriously harmed by laws, that situation can cause riots and even wars.
mental health and the rule of law:
When your country or your state or your neighborhood or your life is affected by legal injustice, it affects your mental health.
• When people lose faith that elections are honest, they endure a low-level stress every day and a feeling that, in general, life is unfair.
• If a law punishes you for just existing in a world where you aren’t a majority you can add things such as losing opportunities and even being killed “extrajudicially” (outside the law) to this. This includes things like
• Gay people being unable to marry or adopt children.
• Black people being shot for traffic tickets and even less.
• Women being fired for being pregnant.
• Natives being forced to send their children away for school.
If laws are unjust, whether you’re being directly affected by a legal problem or not, it creates a sense of uncertainty. What if I get caught in one of those situations? Suppose they decide I was resisting arrest? Who is going to come to my defense if they fire me for my race or gender or sexual orientation?
your mental health and the rule of law:
When you visit a therapist for the first time, and you have been affected by unjust laws in some way or another, that therapist will not be able to fix that law for you. However, there are many things they can do. If your therapist attempts to ignore this legal context of your life, try explaining again, and if they insist the context of your life doesn’t matter, and you can’t see your way to health otherwise, seek a new therapist.
A therapist can:
• Teach you skills that help you cope day to day, and on your worst days, with the effects of injustice.
• Help you learn how to communicate with people in power in ways that are less likely to lead to injustices.
• Validate your anger and disgust at the injustices you have faced.
• Help you look for or provide resources that can fight or lessen the effects of injustices.
• Advocate on your behalf to systems that have been unjust to you.
• Work with you to develop plans that allow you to make a difference in changing the injustice that challenges you.
• Possibly even connect you with others facing the same injustice to work together.
when someone says the rule of law is “no big deal”
You know better, right?
When they say it’s no big deal if a politician uses their office to bribe or threaten someone, you can teach them why it is.
If they say that such-and-so category of person “doesn’t deserve justice”, you’ll be able to say “oh, yes they do”, even if the category is sex offenders and the justice is a jail sentence (hopefully with substantial treatment to keep them from harming others).
When you see someone who is down and out, you’ll be able to look at their actions and the unjust actions of the world that acted on them. If they are doing something harmful, you will treat them as human as you stop them from harming.
You can teach others through your actions and words. As each one reaches one, we become better at being just and fair. We work harder to create and enforce just and fair laws. And that constant tingling of because we feel like the world is against us eases, just a bit.
Thank you.
You can find my work at (deep breath) Twitter, YouTube, SoundCloud, Patreon (go ahead and join. There are benefits!) and Discord (to be opened on January 1 2020). As of December 31, 2020, I will be deactivating all of my Facebook profiles, pages, and groups.
When I wrote this in November of 2020, my best friend Kathy Malone was still thousands of dollars away from the $20,000 she needs to stay eligible for a heart transplant. Go to GoFundMe and read her story, and if you can chip in a buck or twenty, please do.
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Railway
No. 624,427. Patented May 2, I899. E. M. BOYNTON.
RAILWAY.
(Applicatiup filed Oct. 29, 1898. Y
3 Sheets-Sheet I.
(No Model.)
W/TNE s I Q uvvnvron No. 624,427. Patented May '2, [899.
E. M. BOYNTON.
RAILWAY.
(Application filed Oct. 29, 1898.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet -2.
3|l II II II II H II II 1| 1|\ 'iatented May 2, I899.
E. M. BOYNTDN.
RAILWAY.
(Application filed Oct. 29,' 1898.) (No Model.) a Sheets Sheet a.
[gm E g.
VE N TOR UNITED V STATES PATENT OFFICE.
EBEN MooD'Y BoYNToN, OF WEST NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS.
RAILWAY.
SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 624,427, dated May 2,1899.
' To all 1071 0111, it"may concern.-
Be it known that I, EBEN MOODY BOYNTON, of West Newbury, in the countyof Essex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Railways, of which the following is aspecification.
The object of this invention is to improve the methods of constructionof railways and the building of the same, their posts, crossgirders, andespecially their supporting girders and rail combined, of which thefollowing is a true and substantially accurate description to enable anyperson to construct the same.
I do not claim to have discoveredthe lightenin g of girders by a trestleor lattice,broadly,
- as the construction and connection of ordi- 'spectively, of anothermodification.
nary structural iron by similar processes are well known; but it hasbeen found necessary to make the extended stringers, I-beams,plate-beams, or trestle supporting girders separate from the rails andby laying Wooden ties upon them or other substances cushion the railsresting upon the ties or upon some soft material other than metaldesigned to receive the impact and cushion the rollingwheels and theforce transmitted in the operation of trains.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of my combined rail and girder. Fig. 2 is across-section of the same, showing three forms of girder. Fig. 3 is aside elevation of an elevated road embodying my invention. Fig. 4 is anend elevation of the same. Figs. 5 and 6 represent side elevation andcross-section, respectively, of a modification. Figs. 7, 8, 9, andlO'are detail views of the lattice-bar. Figs. 11 and 12 show side andend elevation, re-
Figs. 13 and 14 represent additional modifications.
. Figs. 15 and 16 show side and end elevation,
respectively, of an elevated road using my improved girder and rail.
By the method shown I use a less quantity of steel, with great economyin weight, in the cost, and time of construction, and secure a lighter,safer, and better construction than has been heretoforeknown byconnecting two deep girder-rails or deep'T-rails together by a lightlattice, which, as shown in Fig. 1,- lattice c is made of a continuousApplication filed er 29,1898. I Serial llo. 694,925. (No model.)
crinkled bar molded in shape to support the train upon the rail a andconnect and transfer a portion of the Strain to the railb below, so thattwo rails presumably of the depth of from six to twelve inches areenabled by the extension of the connecting-lattice c to carry a loadedtrain of bicycle railway cars or other cars with a less friction, withgreater elasticity, and with much greater strength in proportion to theamount of steel required than by any other system heretofore known. Saidsupporting continuous lattice-bar may be made with a foot or rivetingface-contact sufiiciently long to admit of two rivets or more beingfastened on each side through the foot of the rail, two on each side ofthe web of the T-rail or girder-rail. These take the place of spikesthat now fasten the rails of railways to the ties and are much moresecure fastenings for rails than any other nails driven into wood canbe, and the lattice-bar is preferably constructed suflfiiciently lightto give an elastic support to the wheels of the train as they pass overthe rail above,and thus save the destruction'of rails, wheels, motors,and the unpleasant sensation to the passengers in the car. Besides allwood is thus eliminated, an important matter in street-railways ofcities where fires burning the oily wood in conflagrations endanger theentire structure.
(1, e, and f show girders constructed with deep T-rails, forming aportion or one-half the girder-rail of Sheet 1'.
g is an endview of a single-post structure with the compound rail andgirder-beam in place.
h is aside view of the girder and also of the guiding-rail andcurrent-conductor of single railways.
The supports 2' and z" are fastened to a cross steel I-beam or othercross-girder, which may be in any suitable form and receives one or moreof said supports 1' and i, which may be either single, double, ortriform to support said light lattice-beam from the center and withfastenings running diagonally beneath the trains and supporting to somedegree the weight resting upon the rail a in the passage of said trains.
In Sheet 2 a lighter form of lattice with a shorter face connection anda single rivet is shown, as 0, Sheet 2, connecting similar rails or railand steel girder, as are shown in Sheets 1, 2, and 3.
the girder where it may be most conveniently placed or fastened tostrengthen the structure and connect the same together.
7.: clearly delineates two steel rails connected and 'is an end view ofthe same, the same being reversible.
In Sheet 3 the same essential result is sought to be obtained by asectional light adaptation of angle-bars or T bars and braces benteither in single, as in letter Z, Sheet 3, or double, as in letter m ofsaid Sheet 3, and said figures maybe interspersed and made either ofplate or of angle-iron where it is inconvenient to make longer angles totake the place of the crinkle-bar. These plates may be made either fiatof any suitable width to fasten to the supporting-rail and to the underplate or rail or rolled steel girder or they may be made withangle-steel, and thus be much lighter and yet sufficiently strong tosupport.
q is an electric conductor for the guidance of single-rail trains wheredesirable andis an end View.
r is a side view of a convenient method of support where wooden beamsare used or may be used for metal beams.
s is a plate equivalent to the cross-ties above described, but isfastened directly to the post to support the girders at the right andleft set forth, with a crinkled steel bar securely riveted to cushionthe same and hold the same in place with greater safety, elasticity andlightness and with less shadowing of the street than has been heretoforeknown.
2. In combination, a rail, a supporting steel angle-beam, and asectional bracing between said rail and angle-beam, substantially asdescribed.
3. A steel rail and girder combined, containing a single supporting-railabove, latticed to a similar rail reversely arranged below, with acrinkled steel bar or lattice securely riveted to cushion the same, saidrail and girder adapted to be reversely used, substantially asdescribed.
In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence of twowitnesses.
EBEN MOODY BOYNTON.
Witnesses:
A. W. CLAPP, B. W. SUMNER.
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User profile: lastchance
User info
User name:lastchance
Location:Manchester, England
Bio:University lecturer in engineering
Teaching: fluid dynamics, mechanics, CFD, bit of maths and computing.
Research: computational fluid dynamics (CFD), renewable energy (marine and wind), aerodynamics, heat transfer, hydraulic engineering.
I have a Maths degree and I do a lot of mathematical modelling in the physical sciences. I program mainly in Fortran at work, but I enjoy improving my C++ in this forum.
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Well you could always return him something like [code]#include <iostream> int main() { int a = 10; ... | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8816899657249451}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '8836', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YIQXF3XKTTD3P4D4SNORJMCBIE4PFMNL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:55921729-714d-44f7-bc5e-b36c854fd727>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 21, 45, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '167.114.170.15', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HG2VSKDQR6JAE6HAMIV57INCDELLXT5M', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d8e2d93b-e23e-4866-a35d-73851a73b58b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.cplusplus.com/user/lastchance/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:30ddeeab-6f58-431c-b3c9-26104e92660f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '181', 'url': 'http://www.cplusplus.com/user/lastchance/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-151-171-77.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.5348575711250305', 'original_id': 'bf19f22d6e8e7113b70ca6ca4d1749f2294482d1c4175fd6b3ea117a01572d2c'} |
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Nitrofurantoin(Furadantin) generic is an antibiotic, prescribed for urinary tract infections. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '46', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7242801785469055}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '11525', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6G2WCWSJYFYA2VWRVZ7IMU75HFBIG72O', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2cce4cbd-14c3-4881-a780-4d8b8b025ff6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 5, 30, 31), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.27.172.151', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Y2A45RDGF5P57YIHRUXJ37GZDUGYMOWV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:caa1afef-f911-4685-9f22-09e62faf5fb9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://davidbailey.tk/lepu/furadantin-rp-65.php', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5c7f1b44-dbfa-4968-8a6d-b8e847c7338a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '563', 'url': 'http://davidbailey.tk/lepu/furadantin-rp-65.php', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-201-248.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-30\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.023300647735595703', 'original_id': '91f8e65c71e1e642444f3db9db53bda035015d81c960a66565c3c0546c659670'} |
Transvestites in sport: the Olympics gender identity process
Gender verification at the Olympics
For the past 30 years, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has been routinely checking female Olympic competitors to determine whether they are genuinely female (i.e. checking for transvestites), but the Committee wisely decided to abandon such gender verification for the 2000 games in Sydney.
Critics of the IOC's new policy contended that it would ensure that transvestites would mount the medal platforms at the Sydney games, but the likelihood that a male masquerading as a female will ever actually garner gold, silver, or bronze is quite remote. To understand why no more than a small handful of males will be competing in female events, we need to understand why Olympic officials have been concerned about the gender of female athletes and why athletes' sexual identities are not automatically determined by the classical 'XX' or 'XY' chromosomal compositions.
In the early days of the modern Olympics, gender verification was not a pressing issue (not so in the original Olympic Games, however, when only men were allowed to compete - and the maleness of the competition was ensured by a rule which required all competitors to romp around in the nude). The founder of the modern games, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, actually wanted the Olympics to remain a male-only 'club'. As a result, only 19 women took part in the 1900 games, and there were just 57 females at the 1912 Olympics; naturally this limited participation in female events ensured that the number of transvestites and transsexuals would be small.
Take Joan Benoit-Samuelson
However, the number of females competing in the games steadily grew (at the Atlanta summer games in 1996, there were around 3800 women taking part), and the competitiveness of the various female events naturally increased. Of course, as the female competitors became fitter and/or more skilled, their performances became more 'male-like'. To cite a few examples, Joan Benoit-Samuelson's 26.2-mile run at the Los Angeles games in 1984 bettered all male marathon performances before 1956. Even more notably, the 1988 Olympic record in the women's 400-metre free-style swimming event would have surpassed all men's performances prior to 1972, the 15-K female cross-country skiing standard in 1994 would have beaten all men's marks before 1992, and the winning women's 30-K time in 1992 outstripped everything male competitors had accomplished previously ('Gender Verification No More?', Medscape Women's Health, Volume 5(3), 2000).
As female performance standards improved so markedly, questions began to arise concerning the actual 'femininity' of many of the supposedly female Olympic competitors. In fact, the IOC was chagrined to learn that three track-and-field champions who competed as females in the pre-World-War-II games eventually underwent reconstructive surgery to remove external, male-like reproductive structures. The IOC also had to retrieve the medals of a Polish sprinter who competed as a female when it learned that she had male reproductive organs. And after World War II (during the Cold-War era), when the former Soviet Union and other Eastern-Bloc countries fielded rather formidable female Olympic teams (both in terms of performance and appearance), the IOC became quite concerned about widespread rumours that at least some of the 'females' on the teams were actually quite male.
o, in an attempt to keep males from throwing and running with females, the IOC began to check the sexual identities of female participants at the Games. This effort to create a level playing field for truly female athletes led to some terribly rude and crude gender checking, however: At first, female athletes were required to parade nude in front of a panel of female-doctor 'sexual judges' or else undergo direct gynaecological examinations (op. cit.).
Checking cheeks
To move away from this barbaric and humiliating practice, the IOC decided in 1968 to begin using a 'buccal-smear' test for sexual identity at both the winter and summer games. The test is a simple one, and - to the individual with a middle-school understanding of sexuality - it appears to be rather fool-proof. Oral-cavity cells are painlessly scraped from the inside of an athlete's cheeks, and these cells are then 'fixed' and examined for the presence of the XX chromosomal constitution traditionally associated with the female state.
Olympic officials hoped that this simple test would take care of sexual-identity problems, and they used the procedure from 1968 through 1992, but there was one basic problem which made the test unreliable: some XX individuals are not really females, and some XY athletes (who thus possess the 'male' chromosomal make-up) are not really males. For example, some individuals with the XY composition (who would be classified as 'males' by the buccal-smear test) have a condition called 'androgen resistance' which makes them immune to the sexual-developing and strength-promoting qualities of testosterone and leaves them physiologically - if not genetically - females. These athletes, although unassailably female, would fail the buccal test (since they did not possess the double-X chromosomal configuration) and could thus be disqualified from competing against other females at the Olympics.
In addition, since the buccal test really looks for the presence of twin-X chromosomes rather than the appearance of the meagre Y genetic body, athletes with an XXY chromosomal pattern could 'pass' the test and compete as females, even though they were basically males basking in the benefits of testosterone (the XXY composition is possible because during the formation of an egg, a female's two X chromosomes may hang together instead of separating, and when this egg then unites with a sperm cell containing a Y chromosome, an XXY individual may result; alternatively, an X and Y might cling to each other during the formation of a sperm cell, and if this sperm meets an egg with one X, an XXY embryo may begin development). In a slightly different scenario, XX individuals with just a portion of the testicular-determining Y gene transposed onto one of their X genes could pass as females, even though they were male in nature. Finally recognizing that such problems existed, the IOC in 1992 replaced the cheek test with DNA-based methods to detect Y chromosomal material, with a primary focus on the SRY sex-determining locus on the Y chromosome. This was actually a poor choice, since - as mentioned above - some XY individuals are essentially female. Nonetheless, the 1996 games in Atlanta incorporated a complicated process of SRY gender verification which included screening, confirmation of testing, and counselling of 'detected' individuals. In Atlanta, eight of 3387 female athletes tested positive for male chromosomal material, but all eight results were eventually ruled 'false positives'. The eight women were permitted to compete, because seven of the individuals had androgen insensitivity (described above), and the other athlete had undergone a complete gonadectomy and was presumed to have an enzyme deficiency which effectively neutralized male sex hormones (op. cit.).
So what happens now?
To put it bluntly, the IOC's new system didn't work very well (the frequency of 'false positives' - 100 per cent - was too great), and august organizations such as the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American College of Physicians, the American College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Endocrine Society, the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the American Society of Human Genetics all pleaded with the IOC to discontinue its gender-verification practices. These groups argued that testing was ineffective and expensive, and that the clothing used in Olympic competition, as well as the doping-control procedures (which were carried out under direct supervision of IOC officials), made it almost impossible for imposters to pass undetected. As a result, at its executive board meeting in 1999, the IOC decided to discontinue the practice of gender verification at the summer games in Sydney.
Of course, this raises a concern. Without any official gender-verification procedures in place, won't a male be able to slip through the cracks and compete as a female? Fortunately, the chances of this happening are not very high. For one thing, the direct supervision of urine voiding for drug testing allows officials to detect 'female' athletes with male reproductive organs; such athletes can then be tested for androgen insensitivity. Gonadectomized males would pass superficial examination, of course, but such individuals - as long as they were not doping themselves with steroids - would not be in a position to benefit from testosterone, since the hormone would essentially vanish along with their testicles. Compared to the possibility that a male athlete could masquerade as a female competitor, get away with it, and take home an Olympic medal, it's actually much more likely that a true female could carry out a 'physiological masquerade', hopping herself up on male steroids during her training and ultimately garnering gold, silver, or bronze in Sydney.
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Please Login or Register to post a reply here. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '16', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9659516215324402}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '49136', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OMJNSAVV4CZDYWAK43LAJHCQRYP7MAGO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f24f6a73-a8d0-424e-8502-e69e9a5ac8f1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 11, 21, 42, 39), 'WARC-IP-Address': '109.108.132.162', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:URWGN6GXCV4RY3F72HY6NOLMPGB5B5PU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ce217107-f0f9-42a7-aaa1-c920ef44cebb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.pponline.co.uk/encyc/transvestites-sport-olympics-gender-identity-process-138', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:abfbe35d-ac5b-4794-bf36-7f47e0db8ab3>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '1442', 'url': 'http://www.pponline.co.uk/encyc/transvestites-sport-olympics-gender-identity-process-138', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.2760080099105835', 'original_id': '872688e80329c0fa91c0c8f22e60588ad6ac2dae193f218cb9f54fdb642b8233'} |
package scala
package reflect
package internal
import scala.annotation.switch
import Chars._
final class Precedence private (val level: Int) extends AnyVal with Ordered[Precedence] {
def compare(that: Precedence): Int = level compare that.level
override def toString = s"Precedence($level)"
}
object Precedence extends (Int => Precedence) {
private val ErrorName = "<error>"
private def isAssignmentOp(name: String) = name match {
case "!=" | "<=" | ">=" | "" => false
case _ => name.last == '=' && name.head != '=' && isOperatorPart(name.head)
}
private def firstChar(ch: Char): Precedence = apply((ch: @switch) match {
case '|' => 2
case '^' => 3
case '&' => 4
case '=' | '!' => 5
case '<' | '>' => 6
case ':' => 7
case '+' | '-' => 8
case '*' | '/' | '%' => 9
case _ => if (isScalaLetter(ch)) 1 else 10
})
def apply(level: Int): Precedence = new Precedence(level)
def apply(name: String): Precedence = name match {
case "" | ErrorName => this(-1)
case _ if isAssignmentOp(name) => this(0)
case _ => firstChar(name charAt 0)
}
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '5457020160679f74058205951626b9c915213657a9ae338e499ec9c8f45d6eda'} |
//============================================================================
//
// SSSS tt lll lll
// SS SS tt ll ll
// SS tttttt eeee ll ll aaaa
// SSSS tt ee ee ll ll aa
// SS tt eeeeee ll ll aaaaa -- "An Atari 2600 VCS Emulator"
// SS SS tt ee ll ll aa aa
// SSSS ttt eeeee llll llll aaaaa
//
// Copyright (c) 1995-2007 by Bradford W. Mott and the Stella team
//
// See the file "license" for information on usage and redistribution of
// this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
//
// $Id: CartE7.hxx,v 1.10 2007/01/14 16:17:53 stephena Exp $
//============================================================================
#ifndef CARTRIDGEE7_HXX
#define CARTRIDGEE7_HXX
class System;
class Serializer;
class Deserializer;
#include "m6502/src/bspf/src/bspf.hxx"
#include "Cart.hxx"
/**
This is the cartridge class for M-Network bankswitched games.
In this bankswitching scheme the 2600's 4K cartridge address
space is broken into two 2K segments.
Kevin Horton describes E7 as follows:
Only M-Network used this scheme. This has to be the
most complex method used in any cart! :-) It allows
for the capability of 2K of RAM; although it doesn't
have to be used (in fact, only one cart used it).
There are now 8 2K banks, instead of 4. The last 2K
in the cart always points to the last 2K of the ROM
image, while the first 2K is selectable. You access
1FE0 to 1FE6 to select which 2K bank. Note that you
cannot select the last 2K of the ROM image into the
lower 2K of the cart! Accessing 1FE7 selects 1K of
RAM at 1000-17FF instead of ROM! The 2K of RAM is
broken up into two 1K sections. One 1K section is
mapped in at 1000-17FF if 1FE7 has been accessed.
1000-13FF is the write port, while 1400-17FF is the
read port. The second 1K of RAM appears at 1800-19FF.
1800-18FF is the write port while 1900-19FF is the
read port. You select which 256 byte block appears
here by accessing 1FF8 to 1FFB.
@author Bradford W. Mott
@version $Id: CartE7.hxx,v 1.10 2007/01/14 16:17:53 stephena Exp $
*/
class CartridgeE7 : public Cartridge
{
public:
/**
Create a new cartridge using the specified image
@param image Pointer to the ROM image
*/
CartridgeE7(const uInt8* image);
/**
Destructor
*/
virtual ~CartridgeE7();
public:
/**
Get a null terminated string which is the device's name (i.e. "M6532")
@return The name of the device
*/
virtual const char* name() const;
/**
Reset device to its power-on state
*/
virtual void reset();
/**
Install cartridge in the specified system. Invoked by the system
when the cartridge is attached to it.
@param system The system the device should install itself in
*/
virtual void install(System& system);
/**
Saves the current state of this device to the given Serializer.
@param out The serializer device to save to.
@return The result of the save. True on success, false on failure.
*/
virtual bool save(Serializer& out);
/**
Loads the current state of this device from the given Deserializer.
@param in The deserializer device to load from.
@return The result of the load. True on success, false on failure.
*/
virtual bool load(Deserializer& in);
/**
Install pages for the specified bank in the system.
@param bank The bank that should be installed in the system
*/
virtual void bank(uInt16 bank);
/**
Get the current bank.
@return The current bank, or -1 if bankswitching not supported
*/
virtual int bank();
/**
Query the number of banks supported by the cartridge.
*/
virtual int bankCount();
/**
Patch the cartridge ROM.
@param address The ROM address to patch
@param value The value to place into the address
@return Success or failure of the patch operation
*/
virtual bool patch(uInt16 address, uInt8 value);
/**
Access the internal ROM image for this cartridge.
@param size Set to the size of the internal ROM image data
@return A pointer to the internal ROM image data
*/
virtual uInt8* getImage(int& size);
public:
/**
Get the byte at the specified address.
@return The byte at the specified address
*/
virtual uInt8 peek(uInt16 address);
/**
Change the byte at the specified address to the given value
@param address The address where the value should be stored
@param value The value to be stored at the address
*/
virtual void poke(uInt16 address, uInt8 value);
private:
/**
Install pages for the specified 256 byte bank of RAM
@param bank The bank that should be installed in the system
*/
void bankRAM(uInt16 bank);
private:
// Indicates which slice is in the segment
uInt16 myCurrentSlice[2];
// Indicates which 256 byte bank of RAM is being used
uInt16 myCurrentRAM;
// The 16K ROM image of the cartridge
uInt8 myImage[16384];
// The 2048 bytes of RAM
uInt8 myRAM[2048];
};
#endif
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '17c6c02fc4cdb3906900288514628f2f3b62aab8718fef755470334b035b380e'} |
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has slammed the statement made by his election rival Benny Gantz, who accused him of having left the country to live an elite life in the United States, while Gantz and his soldiers risked their lives in the trenches.
The Prime Minister exclaims “Benny Gantz, you should be ashamed”, and added “you are attacking me, an officer and combat soldier in the Sayeret Matkal command unit, in which I risked my life several times for the state, participated in different operations and was wounded in the 1972 operation to rescue the hostages from the Sabena plane hijacking.
”I was a soldier who almost lost my life in the Suez Canal shootout.” Netanyahu says.
The PM then spoke of his English language skills, asserting that he became the main force in the struggle to strengthen Israel’s political position.
The chairman of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, MP Avi Dichter, said Gantz has gone from a passive silence to nonsense, accusing him of literally reading the words written by his public relations officers. Dichter describes it as an insult to intelligence to claim that Netanyahu was drinking cocktails at a time when Gantz was fighting.
Benny Gantz’s comments were also criticized by Military commentator Yossi Yehoshua, who said on Channel 12’s morning show that Gantz’s words do not describe him and clearly come from his campaigners. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9806919693946838}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '257426', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5RDTFE4HJJQDUTWAI5P6HBVOXVJTWZ7D', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ecef21a5-aa7a-4787-95da-ee7edefaa032>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 18, 7, 15, 36), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.25.148.11', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XTTGHBAKVPK4YR5ZJDTNFLJPOFTS6U5Q', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7272e171-8974-404d-9b08-fc5a02a07c59>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.jerusalemonline.com/pm-shame-on-you-benny-gantz/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:67fb4a23-ef77-4d9d-9f93-d0f5f04dec67>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '226', 'url': 'https://www.jerusalemonline.com/pm-shame-on-you-benny-gantz/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-129.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03935527801513672', 'original_id': '0f5d30c1ddcedae26712aa7b6ecbd7cd269e01563d6cf1e90ce5798b678a0bc3'} |
Q:
Compare Function result to multiple values
I'm redesigning some of my For-loops to run faster. Especially the ones that call functions to compare values with. I'm wondering if my basic Delphi knowledge is missing something really useful.
I have a lot of For-loops similar to this:
for i :=1 to 10000 do
begin
//--- Check if Condition for each Object (i) Property = Yes, Y or a Number ---
if (fGetPropValue(i,'Condition')='Yes') Or (fGetPropValue(i,'Condition')='Y') Or (StrToIntDef(fGetPropValue(i,'Condition'),0)>0)
then
// code...
end;
In this case function gets called 3 times, if result is different than Yes or Y. If it's Yes, it's only called once and skips the rest of calls.
I can use single call and store value to variable, like this:
for i :=1 to 10000 do
begin
//--- Get Condition for each Object (i) Property ---
vCondition:=fGetPropValue(i,'Condition');
//--- Check Condition = Yes, Y or a number ---
if (vCondition='Yes') Or (vCondition='Y') Or (StrtoIntDef(vCondition,0)>0)
then
// code...
end;
This is good, but what in case where I need to compare more complex, like:
for i :=1 to 10000 do
begin
if (fGetPropValue(i,'Condition')='Yes') Or (fGetPropValue(i,'Condition')='Y') Or (StrtoIntDef(fGetPropValue(i,'Condition'),0)>0) And
(fGetPropValue(i,'Enabled')='Yes') Or (fGetPropValue(i,'Enabled')='Y') Or (StrtoIntDef(fGetPropValue(i,'Enabled'),0)>0) And
(fGetPropValue(i,'Visible')='Yes') Or (fGetPropValue(i,'Visible')='Y') Or (StrtoIntDef(fGetPropValue(i,'Visible'),0)>0) And
(fGetPropValue(i,'AllowAccess')='Yes') Or (fGetPropValue(i,'AllowAccess')='Y') Or (StrtoIntDef(fGetPropValue(i,'AllowAccess'),0)>0)
then
// code...
end;
In this case if I introduce 4 variable and get all 4 values, I eliminate the speedy option if first logical comparison is true - without 4 variable it will not execute anymore calls.
Any way to redesign complex comparison?
A:
You need to extract this into a function that you can re-use:
function PropValueIsTrue(const PropValue: string): Boolean;
begin
Result := (PropValue='Yes') or (PropValue='Y') or (StrtoIntDef(PropValue,0)>0);
end;
Then your code becomes:
if PropValueIsTrue(fGetPropValue(i,'Condition')) and
PropValueIsTrue(fGetPropValue(i,'Enabled')) and
PropValueIsTrue(fGetPropValue(i,'Visible')) and
PropValueIsTrue(fGetPropValue(i,'AllowAccess')) then
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e0c205217b3c54a0848ab880ec67453aae4d1ac62cfd3086a3b0d1020fff062e'} |
*tmra* tmrmm. ; t ~?a^h&. llftfc !?*?* ~ '"lwh aw suti mews. 1 From BtturJij'n DdN.l %JkB kx liwu Mmtbict. _ - A (MM iHrw ?>*p*U?h<?a df lha *10tb, from tho *?M, bring (ho following particular* oif i aerioua row at tlii Starr & GroVe dtae. io Lewis District, eight mi tea vctath of Battle Moonthltt: The frdtrtile btVKCth the Miners' Anion and the uouUoiou ui?n at Ltvit eaOM to a bead jreatcrday. llefora tho 1'nion was formed at Lewis wage* were 'At from $ J 50 to $3 and all the uiiuea were^Mrl flovn. On Monday 57 miners pwaifioiied the Miners' Cut era to allow I bees to go to work at theold rates f 'J 50, bat no answer coming to tho petition, Quthwell, &uperiutuiidout of the Surr ft <jr6ve wine, concluded to pat tut u at work at tho old rate, and at 2 e. *. yt? "tiTJay 35 ttsen rfUr'led from tho lower 'towu ( r the uiiua. Tho Couslablo aud others went ahead aa a committee, aud were met in the canyon near the initio tfy the Minora' Uuicu, who asked where they Were going. The aufer waa returned' "We have 'Waited toog efcongb for an auswerto tho petition ?"ftd were now goftig tofWt ozi U forte wtftS 60." lit Union men replied they 'Cohld tfot go nuleaa ?1 was paid, uuless they were ' better men than they were," aud advised tho uiiuerato return to the low er town. Tho Constable had pistols wtioved in fell (nee and wf.-. told to leave ?and the tijiterM all tsturna 1 to towu. AfU'rwanl Hatinab. a Union uiaiv.fcnd Wm. Kdwatilx, w ho had withdrawn fYom t4ie UnioV.. met in the luitl. Hauuuh a^cVued Cdwarde of being a traitor. Kdwards aatd: "We might aa well sot tie it now," aud pnlled a pintul, but Rauuali ?bo( him twite. tin Cannot 0V??. XV the s \ni J \iuie Urunley, a Unioa uiau, drt>w ft pistol mid ItsoU the aatno words to Kdwatds. Coyue. a fem l'uiou man, took the side of Kdw&i<\a. j (1 ?aaley Qred live tuu. s. Coy lie return vd the Are, aud during the light liutb \?ero shot. Hothwell telegraphed to !)? puty Sheriff Dm. Ia|> for btilp aud unun, anil ! at * o'clock last uiglit a posse Went to I tsewis on ti Hpecisl engiue. On arriving ' they to and all >piiel, aud oil returned this morning eicapt DunUp. The Mi hers' Union still hold the f>t:?r .V drove Luiuc, aud are determined lint 'o let uuv one go to work (or less than $1. Tilt: rilMUMT HirOATION. It ia thM Unlch men MjiWt felHtorceinenH soon, and Ilia Pad of the tronbl.i is uot yet reached. Only tWehty otitj tlnijii tileli refiiMi d to wttow the miner* to work for $J 541, litit theae tweuty-oue are iK tei tiuued tneu. During thi- trouble tio property was damaged or d)-atioy?*il, but both uiiltR ? Htl Sit t li** lilittea nieSliHt down. ttmnah gavu hut tall up aud is iu Jail. The Government has signed the Nevada Act, which we are glad to see. This State can succeed in pulling back from the outside world a few thousands of dollars, not of which have people been "hogged," by the foreign lottery suicides, in years gone by, we see no good fruit will be allowed to do it. Viewed from a strictly moral stand point, the financial advantages of the scheme would probably be obscured by the demoralizing influence of a spirit of gambling industry. Over a people, by tipping the neck, however, a peep at the interior of our social and financial system may be secured, when it will be found that the custom and practice of the country, not only upon the Pacific Coast, but throughout the States, recognize gambling as a legitimate profession. True, the moral sense of the community demands the support of the business and delights from the upper circles of unfettered professional dealers of non-professional dealers of non-professional and faro, but how does he fare the success of "speculators" in stock raising? It eclipses him altogether to the level of the individual. Is bushel. Though the villainous plot by which that success had been defeated might be carried out in infamy, the petty acts of the were "gambler," society courts him still? Ivan with full knowledge of his about a hie rascalities. This is iio (alley plctllre. Tho depths of vllliany to which rpipsctable Christ ian gentlemen descend in the uiunipu (ion of "legitimsto" (looks, are as far below tKa AapsClty of the tabooed "sport*)'' ss tbo snius Involved nre above Ibe rnttge of his exchequer. Wo are a gambling pedpls, Ind let tl* not add to the sin, (list ot the infinitely inore loalhsotns oils ol hypocrisy, by attempting to illsgniso tho fsct. Man Francisco hns sat behind tho table and dealt th* suds for us, for lo! (hose many year*; now, let poor plun dered Nevada get on the "inaido" (or onoe, aud make #h*l sho Can irtll ol IhA lottery schoirte, Aitrrrllsf* lirtter l.lat. The following is a list o( letters ro fnaining in Ibo Klko oflleo, unclaimed, (or the wo?ll clidlhg flatrtfd/iy, March, I'i, lOSI: /ofmion 0e? L*?aard d]an?b Q. W. Mr i.i . P. M. Divine He(vla??? at the Presbyterian Church ia motto*, morning and even ing. Msbbstb School at I9!?0? Rubjeet in the morning, "(.living Our selves lor Other*;" In the evening, "The KtiA o( the World," Hosts (ree. All are Intiied. fTrom Vonday ? Dally.} Mauastl. Regular (o tHimg a Elko Rif? Club | at their rooms thU a^eniftg at 7 6 'clock, ?kup. Wells. Fargo k Co.'a agent at tbia | place ibijiyed vest Saturday, three bars of Grand Prixe'ballion, valued at VS. U8C 85, and tbree "bar a of Navajo bol ?lion valned at f6,'098 41. W? are Under obligations to llapre saottftiva 11. M. Daggett for ft copy of Ilia able apecch upon the subject of 'IbJTrokd Vi*r6nRs in Nevada.' 1 which ?he was to have delivered in the Lower House of Congress. Tbo last issue of the Tim ?? linirtc contuins the following statement with respect to the principal Tuscarora mine*-: Os the 1st instant Ntwjo bad <i cash balhneo 611 hand of 56; aud NurlU Cello lalu f 10,1W 'J J. 1'be following camp-infos were in debt: Bello Isle, $7,013 75; AgenU, f'JM 11; In dependence, $1,079 17 ; Grand Prito, $.'2,751 8T. tn the lob-* lists 6t fcnest.n h\ the grand Inaugural Hall on tbo 1th instant we noticed tbo harfle of Colonel J. 6. Moore, of Nevada, acton', pauied by Miss Carrio E. Smith aud Mrs. Dutton, of Concord, New Hampshire. It is said tbst a man's reputoiion will certainly foliow bliu, but iu t tut, iiihtuucc, the Colonel's cb?r?'tter as n (ny ?'? J.o. Htjeiiau," Becnrt to bare pn.?<*cded biic ? at least tbe oveVsbudotving presence of the frigid ilfceUliA frith wbirb be was cLcutnbered, would iudicato that thoso cuto Yaukwx are not wbolety unnc quniutcd wilb tbe KocUl Listoiy of somo ' of tbe b-Mim; s?>uit? of ltttliy Valley. A defective stove-plpo iu tbo tailor shop ol C. F. Corona, just weet of tbe drug ttotv, Cutuu very near a< using a ouullijbliini, this morrdnft. Th( Wf Of tbe building Was ahlaz-i before tbe ? xvopauls were av.-sr* tbat anything was wrong, ami tfco In then kind of wutk was rcijfllred to suppress tbe Annies. Tbe premises sie the property of Mr. Ttmuiua tlihliu, am) ubiii tbe fact of the im^iumlliig calamity was 4ud denlj brought to bis notice, tbe dignity of o(Hce uml poitlimxnot person w ere ] ?dike swallowed Up in tbo eXciteuieut of tl.o moment; the nielli >dicsl Conuty Tiessurer sbiuuiug it up au awuing I est wilb lb ' ngilitv ?f a pursued f< line, Ibiowiug himself mid a sluice lieud of i ii M the deadly breech. It was ! a ilose call, All 1 A 1 CADllagra tiou was only averted l>y the clerity and piomptitu.le of action on tbe psil of ibe County Treasurer. ?? Itrllier from l.rnla IWMrlet. Il--gardiug the ait nation at Lewis un Austin di-*pntrb of the lkftbi brings Ibe folta*?ttg? ?'At a meeting ol the Austin Miners' 1'iiion un 1'bursdiy night to tnko aelioii iu regard to tbe milling troubles, it ?>< decidtd tbat Ibe whole force of the Cuiou should ?tarl for Is -ais Imntn distcly. AH the tiiciubels were tpiicLlt notified to quit w-jfk atld ttteot at the ball at '2 o'clock a. M., Friday. At that time 27'i uien assembled, all aruitd. l'bis L'uloii aruiy look tbo tiaiu at 3 o'clock yesterday morning, disembark ing at UaluUs that ion, aud marched lu Lewis, a distance of seven miles. Roth well, the Superintendent of tbo Starr fc Grovo mine, | who is recently fioiu Col orado, aud who is held respjnsiblo by the luiuers for the attempted Itiditction of wages], baviog been warned before hand of the (??lining of the Anstin min ers, gathered his Worldly goods, took bis family and left for Sa u Pmuciscn. lleforo leaviug lis came to tho miners' larmt, offering ft per day and ordering tbe foreman to hiro none but Union men, or men who would join the Union. The 1'nion meU Weill to work yester.lay tuorhing, but for aoiue reasou both the mino and mill are closed today. A man named Toohey, who hail been a Unionist and bad deserted (bo Union's Pause U hen tlie Ifytlblo Came, was given 12 hours iu which (o leave the camp. He left. It is said llothwvll will tcturn to morrow. On tho other hniM It is re ported tb.it he Is interviewing the gov eminent authorities, and the end is not yet. Tho Attstin miners are now ntG.v leiia Hlstloii awaiting tho train, which will arrive at Austin to night, All i? qniet." - **?._. lintel Arrivals. C. 1). ('al dwell, Han Friinciso ?. 0. Fbrleioh, do Wm.^niiley, Hceth, Mm. IIIIhs, Tuscarofrti Wm. Polls, rto 0. C. ltethcl, Cnrlin. Y. Ii, Castle, do M.Coreornn, do Mr*. MtaufTer, lCeno. Jud Dakin, Lamolllo. C. II. Ilruee, ilu G. II. Knowldln, Ogileit. Malcom Hall, 8lar Valleyi Wm. Henry, do ttstft MeMttlUrti do Ja*. M. -Mullen, do Mrs. Kivtirr, Nevada City/ Mr*. Fletcher, Urass Valley. Miss Alieo Hopkins, WinnomticcA, 11. 0< lis via, Carliu. W. Troilor, l'eko. 1I< H. Tuttle, Clover. 9. D. Gibbons, Treasurer, P. A. Hall, Little Mountain. Mt. H. Spaulding. This morning? G. A. Kingston, Abe Lefevre and L. Engler. V. M. F.ler has been commissioned for the position of Constable at Guadalupe, by President Garfield. The Governor has appointed U. H. Cane, a Notary Public at Walla. Mrs. Hill departed for the Northern by alleged this morning. Aon. N. News. Baugh is appointed to arrive this morning with a severe attack of Sore Throat. For the first time in History, the new county jail is without an occupant. Charles Hilbert departed for Clayton, Idaho, yesterday, where he proposes to engage in business. A. Car of San Francisco, and J. Clemence and Joe Frye of Mofton Valley, are registered at the Depot. He left today. Countable Line has changed its residence from the upper end of town to the neat little house formerly occupied by George L. Soll. McKenzie, the Man who tried the Stage Company Mr. dames last week, is lying dangerously ill with pneumonia at the residence of John Howe. The West-bound overland due here this morning, was nine hours late at this place. The delay was occasioned by some storm in the Rockies. A horribly mangled Chinaman, one of those blown up at the mining explosion at Evanston, was being conveyed to Sun Francisco, by today's train. Dick Tregaskis, who has been passing the past eight months in Zion, went through for the west by the train this evening. J. W. Van Name, of Weller, was also a passenger for Carl. A special meeting of the Elk Kiflo Club is called for this evening at their rooms at 7 o'clock, sharp. A full attendance is earnestly requested, as business of importance will cease before the meeting. The show that followed during the past two days is being rapidly converted into a snaky mud to do the talking pedestrian is very disagreeable. The indications are favorable for another storm before tomorrow morning. Reckhart & Proelich have purchased the large jewelry formerly adorning the walls of Jas. Drain Co.'s jewelry store. It was put in place 16 days, a silent, but terrible warning to all believers in the habit of keeping late hours. The building formerly occupied by E. Gutber, jeweler, is being thoroughly renovated and extended today. Mrs. Burke, will in a few days open the establishment with a large stock of millinery goods, embracing the latest novelties in style and color. A grand calico and necktie-party will be given at Carl Thursday evening. The arrangements are being perfected by the Order of the Board will lack nothing to contribute to the pleasure of those who attend. A general invitation is extended. And if you could try a good time, go. At the annual day of April salaries, the county must pay. and on the Second Monday of each month. The county officials, under the new law, are compelled to file their statements of free and pity the coin to the Treasurer on the first day of each month, instead of the first Monday, as heretofore. Abe Lesson, our popular Deputy Sheriff departed for Tuscarora yesterday morning. Maudlin Ittfniot has been busy during the g? till, -man's absence, and it is broadly hinted that, on his return, he will be accomplished by one of Usenrorn's most estimable young ladies, as a life partner. Abe, Just sly dog? accept our congratulations. For preventing lamp chimneys from cracking, the Lumpy journal gives the following method which it assures is effective:?The treatment will not only render lamp chimneys, tumblers, and like articles more durable, but may be applied with advantage to crockery, stoneware, porcelain, etc. The chimneys, tumblers, etc., are put in a pot filled with cold water, to which a common table salt has been added. The water is well boiled over a fire and then allowed to cool slowly. When the articles are taken out and washed they will be found to resist. After ward any sudden changes of temperature. ItOI.I, <J Of the United States Public School for the .11 on ill of Ke bruit r jr.? f<'i*ie I'sjrio 11MI | Junta flllllen l0o? I, r./.ie 1'balon 9J| Luther Duller 9'!,' Hosa Gatrecht 9H, Eddiu Coinpton 'Jti; John Phil'iti OS; Harry Grant 9H; May Van Drcilen 'J7; Josio Dovino 90; Wu?. Culleti 97; Geo. Lindsay Hrt; Hula Warner t?l; John Craig hi ad Jos Hendersotl 91; Geo. Hmca 91; James KilMell 9 1 J Clif* Kinglobocb 91) Horace L.sno 99t Wra. Lane 03; Alei Petroed iW)i lUf.bt Ctbr, Teacllc*. PRIMARY DEPARTMENT. 1/tha Alexander 100, Eaaie Itonen. stock 100} Ella Hhoehan 100; KIHh Taylor 100; Mattie Russell 100; Jerry Hheehan 100) Guy Calden 100; John Tucker 100; Charles Cratio 100; Charles Pbalon 100; Charles Henderson 100; Myrtls Heyoo 99; Lilly Hosefistork 99; Dirdie Heyoo 99; Annio Valley 99; Hachael Dagley 99; Fred Hmlth??; Frank Gotnpfot 99; (Tscar Kingloboch 97) /amesl'hlllil* 07; Charles Waller 97; Nora Pollard 97} Mamie Littlefield 97) William Bister 91; Tommy Wfcruer 90. Mas. J. Tavur>Rv Teacter. AnAhs Cameron has si Us( received tike Hepflhlican eancaa nofn'ftatiou fot United States Senator from Wisconsin. The nomination in equivalent to an olredoi Regular meeting of Odd Fellows for nlebt Cold weather which he has been afflicted for several days. Mrs. L. Wines returned from Enroka by the train last evening, but goes back to the Base Littingo to reside permanently on Friday. John Mitchell has bought the small frame house on 7th Street, belonging to John Craig and is today closing it down to his much on South Fort. We are glad to announce that the late attack of pneumonia has been a result of a severe attack of pneumonia. The West-bound express train was two hours behind time, this morning. The delay was occasioned by its waiting for the arrival of the mail train from the East, bringing it through mail. We take pleasure in correcting the statement in yesterday's Times that Mr. McKittman was attacked with pneumonia. Every slight illness just now is liable to be exaggerated to the extent of "a case of pneumonia." Our Toner, the Toner, came down from Tuscarora by the stage last evening. Off. He felt a little at the usual and proposes to settle, if a day or two, to take a look at Wood River country, from a business point of view. About 3:30 o'clock on Sunday morning, Hiram E. Ladd, an old and highly respectable citizen of Palisade, hung himself in his woodshed. It is supposed that he committed suicide on account of a small indebtedness of some $700. He leaves a wife, two daughters, and a son. The abundance of gratitude toward that accomplished young man's intelligence of news; the Associated Press, for kindly furnishing General Grant's opinion touching the matter of the assassination of the Czar of all the Russias, has been prevented from stopping over, by the failure to communicate the peculiar views of Captain Mulligan of the Horse Marines, upon the same subject. From Wood River. A correspondent of the Salt Lake Tribune, writing from Bellwood, Wood River, under date of the 8th instant, says: The long dreary winter is fast drawing to a close, and the hardy, Restless population of this region are beginning to prepare for a good heart summer's work. Home in developing the mines already locate, and others in seeking out the undiscovered treasure heaps of this grand old mountain range. Our mails are arriving regularly by both the Kolton and Blackfoot Pontes. Hevornl new strikes are reported, in the The market is now being worked, the most important one being in the North Star on the east fork of Wood river. They are said to have struck a big body of fine shipping ore. Among the mules that are being developed this Winter, I have not heard of one that has failed to overcome depth was obtained. In this respect they have exceeded the most sanguine expectations. There is good deal of talk of erecting furnaces during the coming Summer. Only one, however, is a sure thing, (that of Fitch & Co., which is already on the ground,) and your smelter line may very safely calculate the large shipments of ore from this region. This Summer will witness a grand advance in improvements in this part of the country. Several saw mills are on the tapis, and with a good supply of lumber at reasonable prices, we may expect to be able to offer good substantial lumber buildings. L. Honor to Whom Honor In line." lhe f tllowing is a list of I) Hues of pupils on tbe lloll of llonttt, Of the Preparatory Department of tbo State University, for tK?J thoilth of februray: Lee Noville 100 Cbarloa llr.ltord 100 Lewis Uradley 100 Ell* liiWon UK) lloseUardner. ........ 100 Km ma Collm j 100 llattie Cnllcn 100 U.irrf'1'tuliodo....i... 07 ? ' Mareiia R>ken*toek. , , , tfi J unes lltitlur 1?7 EIU Ilntli-r.. i># , Ediliu Dorsey IIU Ueoca Alexander 9 J Kuan Alexander 99 I'm. i) i u Craue 98 Ida 1'ulliuau Vd Theresa Koseuslook . . . 95 May Terry 94 Llllie Cullon 98 Lona Qarrreht 99 Carrie Doraey 9ti Mary Mulcahy 91 W. C. Dovmr, Frinoipalr Misb llinm OouiN, Assistant. Hntri Arrivals. It. Hi Wdrdwell, Moor*'*. Win. Hlitfk, Stockton. T. S. PoteU. Huntington. Thomns I'rior, Tusoarora. Jus. Ferguson, do ?Joseph Wells, Han FranolacO/ - I, ^ 4 - .i.i i i. TiMotAt UVtLTi ?R?<I 60, a niHier out of wotk# was found Tuesday morning hanging tc( a the foo(-poat of hi# bed, In Virginia dily. Iln Bud H?en h?lp?d to money whirh he hid ^antblod off. Tim eity oleotfrm In Oakland waa oar? riad by lh* Citizens' ticket against Ihft straight A?publi0an. Ntscs lli'pnrtnrrs. Tht* martilng? 0. 0.- Wanter, ffm, Ulaek and Sani IfftwTy. HUkti rA>rtVa?%. ta?t AtPi/ltig -Tbomat Prlftt ?Ad fs$. . Ff ra>u*m [YWnaThatwUj'i Dailj.] UegetfrWeetfcfetfr to. night. VI at tie And hie "Wck i celebrating 8t. Patrick'* flay. Don't fkll to go Jtlil b'oalr tba Blind MoaicUa^kj-'tU Wl tonii^hti The NavaJo'MibTng Co?'pVny Scared ? dividend of 25 c?nta par ihw*. on the 15th. Our former townsman, E. 8. Yeate*. Arrived here from Tisearora by the steamer last evening, and he is still in town. The name of William Adams, whose tending in 1866 in 1866, was inadvertently omitted. The public school, and at the request of the teacher, Master Adams is addressed the honor to which he is entitled. At the concert to-night, will cost you no more than you think of worth or disposed to give. Their musical abilities are the only source of their blood these men possess, and this misfortune is worthy of a little aid with empathy. A case having been raised at the request of the Collector, whether payment is impartially exacted of those business to the County, ex-Officer Bickett has requested the publication of the following list of names appearing upon his books, and from whom license is regularly collected in accordance with the nature of their business, as specified below. If, on from whom license is due, has been omitted, their names will be gladly received by the Board. Alar. John O'Connell & Handlae.. Elko Brain & Co 10th **? Druwnaiutxtlti'?* _ > Bartlett V C Itetali Liquor. Bad! M SIhcla'autvK-haAdi.e .WetU B*5Hton & Co. ..10th 11 " Tn-carora RSrtiin Broa - ? Tccomi Bowmafl Hugh. . itetall I.lqanr Tu?carora I CtirkTi..'. .Hole) 3d cla ?. retail ifj Elio Carther \t J.....10CU clans . . . Tunearora Celller Mr* L...-: ColllnsC . ! Cbaaa- II ? ?? ?? Elko Cha.o W -..K.-r,ll n<i Charabrf* Cha*.10lh cU*m iniUe... . ,...i'nriln Uoffjr " ? ?? '? Eifco Dalla* A J Kctf 11(1. a taniln^. .Tii<ciiy<itA ! Dudley Kr?*d...lOlh cln*s* mere!* *nd!ac.'. Welts Ko*t*r THop. . . .Ilrtnli f!<ju *r. . . .!(*ar II n tarthin,' TT. ..10th cIam md~t* 1u*rnr<?ia Oronotky * Do Youug.Het. llq GritwoM K II.. .Retail Liquor Wrllg Gednejr A W 10th rUxa ind^f Unby Gcrliera Altnbe. Tuscarora ! Oitillu Tbo? Retail Liquor Elko George Ell ?? ' Tuscarora llltt Warrait.... ?? ?? tlko llibt>et? Jehu . ?' ?*?-. Elko Holmes Tbo*... ?? ?? Carllrt I llogle LI ?? ??..>> Tmcarora llaxlcy 4 Co... " u Hei'.drrson J. ..Banker Elko ^ ^1 ..iJ*.". .10th clana lUd.e. ...... Railroad Hong Sing...:; ?? '? ?? l-u,carora Haintll K Xclgt W^ll) Hojle 1 1. ?? " " CrfVhilcjpla I ??ncnTA?'(M '< ?? Canln dolitiAnn ltob't Tuecarora .luck-on \V A-. Elko III toy ? Johnnon Wen.Ttotall Mqnnr Toano Kit Lee .tilth clMa Tecoma Kingleliach K.ltctall I.iqttor Elko I^ing Jur LiMlglng a lift, llq Long Wob....utb clt?> md#e... Muller K K... "??? Mero M C?? "? " Tutcarora Minter Chas.. *? "J II.. " McNally John. "" " Maynard Mr?.. "?? Carrlln Mayer C B Fort Hal Icck MoAIllflurW S Retail Liquor... ;...Tii*carora McCalls Ham.. " Hallerk Station Majrrr C K....t "? J??rt llalleck j reek Solon.:,. u " Elko T ccoui a I'rimpaux A...UHU cla?? nidae. :Tn<camra I'lnnbi'ltTC.. "?* '? tjuoiig Znen.. " '? " "?! Relnhart a Co 9th??' Elko Rost'livtock J. 10th " " '? HukhoII a Rrodlcy.ilOih cla?inde{.:} ltOH,- a A...'..R.;li(ll 1,'lquor.. "fhi^-ttora Reckliart a Kroellch.. Ret. llq.;.:Rlko Sutherland a McCuy.. '??? Tuic.lrora ?? Gaming?? Smith Mart...t.ud}*tiig *? Schrlin.1 A.. K'lli flam mdre?? Stelnaker a Sajrlrni.ioth ela?r md a ** Slag Sing Kee,.?? Smith.WitodriiMtra EnnorPih clans niJte " Slnnun Wallace a Co. Sloan T N...4,10th class nnl?e if...Elko Sctlsrff Walter. " "?? Wells Tucker Iron...?????? Elko Tipple Tndeafori Tolnldu a Hillton.. Retail Liquor '? Prtim a Brown. to<h class iikIso Van Janice W. "?? " Wells WeB* I'tryna Ce..t'nimon Carried....Klko Warwer.* Uii/MOiucIom iihUo..?? Fref' f'oneerf?f'lfM Rvrnlnc. M nor*. I<:\? ttiift' .Hurt nines the lllili.l Miisiriuiiii, will {Jive otio tff their MiterlMiiinieuts si Fri^m>\u Unit to nlghl. Ii. RJiiuinj.' at 7::i() o'b1oei(i Both Ineii ?re splendid vocal isln and acoora pllsbcd musicians, llicir concerts em bracing b?si<lo Ihn choice musical treat* n|>on tbo violin and organ, a wide range of cotnio a fid sentimental songs. Tholr performance iu the Western psrt of Ihe Slate are highly spoken of by the praat of those sooUi/ha, and our oitlzen* may rely fcpon belrig most plossantly enter* <slned at life Mull to night. Iloiei Arrival*. 0. ft. fnltb'n, Oakland. B. 8, TmI??i Tnscsrora. C. M. Deiderieh, C. P. 1). ft; tf. A. Tonng, flertilant. J. II. Hlinson Knreka. V. llcwland, Csrlla, M. Corcoran, Carlin. I'oueton, Ran I'rrfiicisij. 1. II. 8t. Lawrenoe.do CKas. IIIuAi, do 4* Man* fc. nftMMVttt. aged three ycar^waa bnrnf H death at Oakland, lilAsiTay, (>y clothes taking Are. The ft^ilrf, Wi/> was Annsnally i'ntelli. had Avldenlly been trying to put Gnt S ftre In a partition near the elove, which wee still biasing when her mother returned and fouod bt>r obft'red Ii and HtbteMr. I .P" - IFnjb Vnfrj'* PfUj-J MB Th. w.aur-j -y&ffMWH r? ?lallng of utco m?iib?r?, p?? ?d Wut ^>y the train &is inorning. w w Thirty tnajr rMMlit to cbarfce Col. U. II. 8U?jf yMMd We?t this morning. Their ?lesti nation is Arizona. M??. 4? I. A\*in<*t wio h+? b?ru ?E1. I OK ixieAdein Elko rot th* paetfeWdayl, returned to her bomo in Enrekk this morning. 7iO "J O ' ? Ei?U lw?,U %iUU?OM(ro^ili?Ot?D4 V'iz*. Ninjfl ?nd Independence. sr rived hero last evening, aud vu shlp "pod west this morning. At the entertainment to bight a prize will bo given to Aa hkndsoineat man in J tUe nioit popfclai yutiljg lady Tb the i a&dience, to be decided by vole. W. T. Sherwood, agent to it the Singer Sewing Machine Co., ltan eatabllsbed an agency for the asle of these adinirahU machines iu (he office of Dr. Thibodo, with E. 8. Yeates as locKl agent. A Cbiuamau was afreet od and, lodged In jail for gelling whisky to the Indians. A uuiubi-r ol white uien about towu are suspected of tbt same nefarious busi ness, and it Will be well for thorn to go a little hIoA. The Calico and Necktie party, given by the order of K. S. D.'e at Carliulaat eVetrihg. was a grand success. About forty couples took part iu the danoe, Which was kept up uuiil neatly daylight this uioruing. The crushing arm of the livr fell upon Matty Maloshy yesLhduy, to* hoisteY oualy ci lebrutiug St. Patrick's Day. lie wus released however, upon furnish ing surety iu the sum of thirty dollars for his appearance. The following additional names hive boeu handed tii by Collector Fitch to add to the list ftablikhrd ill jreiUMay '* pa peV *t those from whom licenses ate regularly collected: Fairchlld A' Endoif lUth class merchandise, Tusoarora. llop Lee l()th class merchandise, Tus carora. For the information of buflde** men aud tax payors A list ol those regu lurly licensed throughout the cotinty, will bo published every lour months. The vocal and instrumental Concert given at Kreoman Hall last evening by Messrs. Lawrence and Limes, the two blind musicians, was largely attended, the performers' reputation for excellence having preceded them. The entertainment was in all respects enjoyable, the audience showing their appreciation by contributing liberally when the hat came around. Another entertainment will be given this evening. Don't fail to attend. The Elko Club have removed their target and bulkhead from the old ground to the school house, to A point on the hill near the brewery. Two big bulkheads have been erected, one for the 4th and 4th yards, the grounds thoroughly cleared, seats furnished for the accommodation of spectators, and other wholesome improvements made. The boys evidently mean business, and are ready to receive most any kind of a proposition from outside sources. On Monday, Dill Nye threw his morning at the people of Wyoming. It is a seven column sheet, printed on new type, edited Bill, who thus introduces himself and the Roman: "We have not started in upon the publication of a third paper in Laramie because time hung in our hands, nor for the respondent for the book and purple knobs which gather around the intellectual dome of the journalist, but because there seemed to be room here, as one of our contemporaries has said, for a paper of this size. If we do not succeed in furnishing the kind of paper which the people of this diocese seem to require, it will not be our fault. It will be the fault of a man whose name, has at this moment, escaped our memory. To the many readers in the vast field of journalism who have given us welcome words of encouragement and large esteem, we extend our warmest thanks." Hotel Arrivals. S. B. Lancaster, Tuscaloosa. Frank L. Bacon, do d. if. 11?ilo and wife, Huntington, O. M. Banks, Bullion. E. Carville and wife, Mont. Chas. Toyn, do Enoch Gray, Deeth. E. A. Keasles, Salt Lake. F. J. German's, Meeiln 1 Mrednlt NrrilKlil Fresh Garden Seeds and Garden Sets to Be found at the Grocery Store of It. Chase. Next Arrival. Last evening? S. C. Laugerftftfad F. L. Useon. MJ. ? t-1' I T?a best quality of Rhln'rf WW>>? at he Elko Bakery tiUlt 8alOo'h, llcckharl ?It Co.. Proprietors. * ir 1 ? OHmrulKR ol the beat quulity and hrauds, cUfi b6 lia'd iff Itsckhart & Froelich'a Salooff. ? A Mttiox Involo'e 61 the celebrated Whlt? I?y? tthislrjf jn<4 1 emitted' the Gem tfal6to\tt. . , : it * T Booth's celebrated oval brand oystors recerveif *{ the tfein R.<staur.irit daily by e<prr?i(. ^n* eelnhrated Pi rnvian ltitters, tS* V*/y 6'n?1 {onto known, at the (lam. * .. 1 .1 ... 1 0 0 1. / ikiciK Invoice of I Key VTcnt kOi^aili just received at iti? Oemv NBKatoi fciut??i Presh Mat BllMMl !* r? ,y, v j -r Aii*,nfl&TTA IIa?ing apecial .r'nJlpn'ili with llrura. PaTid T>andreih i the olJeat and aioat reliable awed jjrow era in th? United for tba i C * diteiiaa pad afla ol tUa*r wad county, I wo aid riipMtly iofom tlioa wbo are auxioua to Ma only (M> *m g* fr*. ? dfc ' !.: will hare a aupply of LtB^rtu'l eeada. In oue-hWIf, fS^hnf ?nd Mt po*M package* only* aboil ilia 1 i& ?? Marah! The arruigMu,^ X Saii^wta on ?tie ui c to aall JJia aaagU u iuui Eastern jvkUufi price#. la x, P. Moxxml Fm? Bread, Plea kid Cakaa tt Elko Bakagy . .j. Milwaukjcs en Qtm S.tloon. _ " Fink Aid Cognan at Saekhati k Froei icb ? . sUTt ftNEKlTY. - ? i i.e.- ;./>. a r i'. iii'h "f ih ?fl^r State University I PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT? ELKO. KEYJUU; ?T /''.A f ,V;v Tup. HinsT.TEijM op the bbvbntK yrwrKr tne UEiVfWtry WTIl ooBmenocoa - Wednesday, Sept. 2 at* fsso. Tli"M?r?o< la Nek M will pre pare puuiln for a FIRST GRIDE TEf.tttER'S CfRTfFIC*T^ tOdKTlIRR Wit If - BOOK-KEEPING, LATHI AWD WlSSt a itl|k M Thn*rhiH>. r<xun? ?rr kup^ftcd with Mapel Charri1. Oiobea and li??tru ucuta jot dmaoqj alrallng tiie firluciplca of Puiloeopby ana Cbcinlatry. . f NO CHAReE FOR TOtflflWr ln*tnti!ttone on the Plino Forte eztriV ! eTEwbtfiH-bflfc eavolS BOARD, AND ROOM IN THE DORMITORY *23 PER MOHTWf Payable ponltlrely In' *dv?rc?.| For firtlirf paitlenlar* i'fllreaT ,11 r% a, ?">? iff: c. dovky; , Principal." _ -sr. SUBSCRIBE ee aaFORaa.a "THE NEVADA MQHtUYj* t 1 ' n| A Book of RrfcrenCeand Information', Devoted to the Mining/ Agricultural and Indus trial Interest*! thief Literature." $2.50 PER AN.1UIII, POST Hit? " ? ? Atldroaa: Pobliahcra' '? NeYed*~llonthly," 1'. O. IUii Sid, Virginia, Nevada. jewelry jewelry Jewelry" Buy Your Watcfies and Jewotfjf ~?p A~ ss* <&li in PROFESSIONAL J*WELZ*C* J. A. dCHARLIPfl j TU3CAROR A, - - - MlVA la a p iwtlral WntohumkHiml SoaialM jA 43 yum' experience. lie llwaya h>?oa ITaoJ? n Uhp and wcllaelected atock of (n? gold and allver WATCHES, CLOCKS, JEWELRY, EYI-" GLASSES AND SPECTACLES; And aella tli-m rbcaf>'-t (ban ant ionae In tka1 Htate. clqcka a tul Jewelry re* paired ?nl - at ? - fact l< >ii xuvntred. , Ordurab/. mall or r\ptr?? promptly attended to, *M ea? Ixfactlim guaranteed. ELECTION NOTICE: RTATK Oi> NEVADA, i t ounty "f Klkn. f f At a nte?tlni( of the Hoard of Ttaftate ot Klk? Sc?io.il J)l?irja No. l,h?M jn (he WNh i, V * H iripdef to bold aa day of Mitrt'h fl'-ctlon; and f ilbmiT (a fhe qnallfli-d elertora of tC|k<**<eh.iA>^i^?k4(it| No. I. the q BMUa* wlii tln r n (?* ? ia l l)c< l-vlivl for th* porpoea 'Jilsg r%c i aiiltc eelioolt even fo ri lonfef lirilml lffu.Ui? ordinary fmula will allow. ; Now. thrrnfore wr, the nndmlsnM, School TritntPO^ I?f Klko Hchool Ulatrlct Jo . 'I. virtue of ititihutUy vratrd In oa Am-nufd Hahiml Wa of lift S t'f U ri' rili Nci "rn? lit il (liibVfoby onli-r tHiit an HMtloi. the till llay of April. 1*1, between the hoeri t. I ami ."> o clock p. in.. In the room adjoin la.; K. K. Mailer'; Drtix fliire lathe towa of jr,fc State of ifi 'Ml, and tlm 4?eaTl<Al kaeak ?a-d tft tin- niinllflvll elntpra.of Elko N Olatrkt No. I, whether fM-nt alt ban dnllara, (??wan. ahall lie lerled for the paa, of paying ti arher*' anlarlea. after the peeaeat &?? lain the worilai "Tii? yea." or "Tar ao.", TheJ ndgv# anpoiniefl to mnduct the ?tmra) *? BU,njAVft II J llmrd of f rtilei (, Elfcol Klko. Nrv. ll.ircli It, IMI. IMA. ISSka-. inaii M Wat. k?. t. REGISTRATION NOTICE. ? r No\l^e,' fn arrorilanre wllh law, la hefebjr. nlren,' th.it the tlui?ior the reglaVatlafiof the naelre the qiv*l|teil el.-cloraot Klif> T^Wtl-, ?hip Xi. I, prior to the Special Klfitloa ta be IfeM ?ft tna *w * ? P*i t i for the Townahlp of Riko ifor ta# pnrpoae of ilee flint upon the (paeflnn of i apecial ta?-, orjfcrk>. * * ? T-e II m BAY OF MARCH A. 9. Ml: /OMM u *y? ?Toff -*?f tha Kaira Mil et-offl Cff rtf ffY FTVo E1ri Hon Dial. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'sn86091341_1881-03-20_1_3_1', 'collection': 'US-PD-Newspapers', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '5721', 'token_count': '10525', '__index_level_0__': '4592', 'original_id': '058c26c6e8ebc4ac3ba3041347c24faa15f45629ca33e2ece41bb70d768d17e2'} |
An A-Z Collection of Behaviour Tales - From Angry Ant to Zestless Zebra
Article number: SB9781907359866
Availability: In stock
Author: Susan Perrow Illustrator: Allmut ffrench This must-have collection of behavior tales offers story medicine as a creative strategy for parenting, teaching and counseling. Telling the right story at the right time can help children face challenges and change behavior. All 42 stories begin with an undesirable or out-of-balance situation. Then, through metaphor and an imaginative story journey, they lead to a more desirable resolution. The stories also have the potential to nurture positive values. Following the alphabet from A to Z, each behavior is identified in the story title: angry, anxious, bullying, demanding, fussy, greedy, jealous, loud, obnoxious, quibbling, uncooperative, and so on. The stories—some humorous, some serious—are especially relevant for children aged three to nine years, as well as the child in every adult! They are for telling and adapting; turn them into homemade picture books or puppet shows, or even create new tales based on them. A pencil illustration by Allmut ffrench accompanies each story.
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Concerns over the safety of energy drinks has led manufacturers to display caffeine content on their custom label products for the first time. According to the New York Times, Monster Beverage and Rockstar Energy have decided to redesign their brands through disclosing elements of their ingredients on the labels and redefining themselves as beverage producers. Recent studies have linked energy drinks with potential health risks, and a current lawsuit against Monster regarding the death of a teenage girl has brought the issue of safety to the forefront of consumer minds.
By displaying the amount of caffeine in their products, Monster and Rockstar hope to dissuade any consumer fears about their beverages and show that their drinks are no more dangerous than coffee or soda.
Energy Drinks Not Legally Mandated To Have Custom Printed Products
There is currently no legislation requiring energy drinks to have printed products with warnings despite investigations into numerous deaths and injuries linked to the products. The New York Times reports Monster plans to keep fighting the lawsuits and will take action against defamatory statements made by consumers. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '455c826c460a3e903bf5b868d8d6a0bc80b4c5b1eef0a0c63000cd303fb83387'} |
I am teaching the exercise sessions for a 3rd year algebra course (intro to field theory, Galois theory and Algebraic geometry). The format of the course is as follows: for every 2 hour lecture by the prof, I teach a 2 hour exercise session where the students are supposed to actively work on exercises and I answer their questions. In practice this often means I give quite a few solutions on the blackboard, but not all of them. There is no homework for this course, just an exam.
Preparing for this course, I made latex notes containing the solutions of all the exercises. And so my question is: should I give the pdf of this file to the students?
On the one hand, having detailed, rigorous solutions for the exercises will help prepare the students for similar questions that might be on the exam.
But, on the other hand, I am worried that if the students have all the the solutions on hand, they will not learn the perseverance needed to struggle with a new problem (as might be presented on the exam).
Does anyone have some experience with this? Do students tend to do better or worse if they have access to all the solutions?
• 1
$\begingroup$ Welcome to matheducators.SE. Presumably you are asking if you should give the solutions from a pedagogical point of view, and have discussed or will discuss with the lecturer before taking action, regardless of the answer here. $\endgroup$ – Tommi May 10 '19 at 13:38
• $\begingroup$ If possible, get your students to solve as many of the problems themselves instead of just giving the solutions. If they know that they will get a detailed PDF at the end of each class, that might not be the right way. On the other hand, of course, they should have all solutions in the end, so that is quite complicated to combine with the "no homework" rule. Try discussing it with your professor. $\endgroup$ – Dirk May 10 '19 at 14:37
• 2
$\begingroup$ If you plan to have students work through a certain set of problems in a given class, what would be wrong with just waiting to give them the solutions to those problems until the next class period? If I have Solutions prepared, but I have alloted time for students to work on them in class, I always wait until later to give them the solutions. That way they use the time in class actually working. $\endgroup$ – Nick C May 10 '19 at 15:07
• $\begingroup$ What is the size of the class? $\endgroup$ – Ben Crowell May 10 '19 at 15:24
• 2
$\begingroup$ Could you use your solutions to prepare useful hints for the solutions? The kind of thing I'm thinking of, if this were real analysis, would involving statements such as "using an $\frac{\epsilon}{3}$ argument one can show uniform convergence on $E$ to justify term-by-term differentiation to obtain a series whose partial sums are bounded by those of a certain geometric series, from which convergence follows", with lots of mature writing style phrases such as "passing to a subsequence if necessary" and "without loss of generality we may assume". $\endgroup$ – Dave L Renfro May 10 '19 at 16:23
If these are exercises from a published textbook, then it's probably self-deluding to imagine that the students don't have access to them already. Chegg et al. probably already have the solutions available to anyone willing to pay the monthly membership fee.
Your lead instructor has already chosen a philosophy and a set of rules. They've made the homework not count in the students' grades. That implicitly means that they're expecting the students to act like adults and do what is best educationally. These are upper-division math majors, after all. Even if you have doubts about their maturity and willingness to apply themselves and resist the temptation of looking at the solutions, your opinion about their maturity has already been preempted by the instructor.
Since there are only 15 students in the class, and presumably only some fraction of them will show up to the exercise sessions, it seems like you have the ability to interact with them one on one while they work on the exercises. This is an optimal situation, and one in which they can't really pretend not to be doing the work, if they actually aren't.
• $\begingroup$ Even for unpublished work the structure of Chegg, Course Hero etc. means that even within the same term the problems and possibly solutions if you deliver them asynchronously will be posted. Basically as students have access so does Chegg as it mobilizes the students as an army of spies. The only counter is to make new problems often and/or design traps to catch the Chegg-style cheaters who copy work without thinking. Of course, this is only necessary if you think the homework grade should count towards their course grade. $\endgroup$ – James S. Cook May 14 '19 at 13:16
• $\begingroup$ @JamesS.Cook: Even for unpublished work... I don't think it's quite as dire as you say. I've written some open-source physics textbooks that have garnered ~70 adoptions over the years, and only about 40% of my problems seem to have solutions available on Chegg. $\endgroup$ – Ben Crowell May 15 '19 at 20:28
• $\begingroup$ @JamesS.Cook: The only counter is to make new problems often and/or design traps to catch the Chegg-style cheaters who copy work without thinking. There are other counter-strategies. Simply reading students' papers has worked for me. For a problem that isn't just a trivial, cookbook-style computation, it's very easy to tell if multiple students have all copied the same answer from Chegg. Simply knowing that I will actually read their work (or at least some of it) seems to significantly decrease misuse of Chegg, vs instructors who only use an online homework system and never read papers. $\endgroup$ – Ben Crowell May 15 '19 at 20:30
• $\begingroup$ Certainly if you read homework papers I can see how that works. I would wager the other 60% of your problems have not been used with significant point values towards the grades of the adopters. But, you are right, it may not be universally as dire as I say. I want to be wrong on this. My data is mostly from online courses where I see the "quizzes" are posted on Chegg. I do think I have less cheating (offline) largely because of the human grading and/or oversight of my homework. It communicates the importance. It is also increasingly a luxury as so many adopt off the shelf online hwks. $\endgroup$ – James S. Cook May 16 '19 at 4:17
They probably can't finish all exercises in class. At the end of each chapter give then the solutions of the remaining chapters.
Having detailed solutions for the exercises will help the interested and hard working students progress and check their solutions with yours. As for the other students they will probably just read the solutions. Is this bad? Of course, but if they don't have the solutions they will probably just skip the remaining exercises or, at best, they will take the solutions of other students and read them. Needless to say these solution could have many mistakes. So it's better to give them the solutions at the end of each chapter, it'll help the weak and the hardworking students.
There's differences of opinions on this.
Liberal view:
I'm of the opinion that drill problems are for the benefit of the student and am used to using them on my own.
I have never had an issue with making use of them and/or deciding how long to struggle with something. I would note that even if you don't "get" the magic aha on your own, you can get some of the brain groove training effect by mechanically working the problem EVEN THOUGH you had to look at part/all of the answer/solution.
Feel like not providing answers removes a feedback mechanism. Also I disagree with providing the solutions days later. We are not computers. We are animals that learn from near term feedback. Behavioralism. We're closer to puppies than to Univac. More dog than God.
One other thing since you are NOT making this graded homework it is one more reason to be liberal on the solution availability.
Orthodox view:
Many paid teachers feel different. I have seen prefaces where authors said they removed some/all answers because buying committees preferred that. I'm sure that those espousing this view claim/think it is best. But I wonder if part of it is preservation of control for the teachers.
Since I disagree the conservative view, I probably don't explain or defend it thoroughly. But given board opinions you will get a lot of people backing up the orthodox view. More than the liberal. Want you to at least consider heresy.
• $\begingroup$ You make some good points, but please at least try make your answer objective. Now it sounds like nothing but a rant against the Orthodox view. $\endgroup$ – YiFan May 12 '19 at 22:45
Your Answer
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US senators rip Trump over his attacks on the media
WASHINGTON (Reuters) – Republican U.S. Senator Jeff Flake castigated President Donald Trump on Wednesday for his attacks on the media, saying Trump had embraced the despotic language of former Soviet dictator Josef Stalin and inspired modern-day authoritarians.
In a rare intra-party rebuke from the Senate floor, Flake said Trump’s portrayal of the press as “the enemy of the people” and repeated White House references to “fake news” and “alternative facts” had spurred copycats such as Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte.
Stalin, who led the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until he died in 1953, used the phrase “enemy of the people” to describe those he wanted annihilated. Trump’s use of the phrase “should be a source of great shame,” Flake said.
Flake, 55, an Arizona conservative who has frequently feuded with Trump, described himself in October as out of step with his party and said would not seek re-election. His term ends in January 2019.
“Not only has the past year seen an American president borrow despotic language to refer to the free press, but it seems he has in turn inspired dictators and authoritarians. … This is reprehensible,” Flake said.
White House press secretary Sarah Sanders, responding to Flake’s speech, said the senator was an attention-seeker. “He’s not criticizing the president because he’s against oppression,” Sanders said at a White House briefing. “He’s criticizing the president because he has terrible poll numbers and he is, I think, looking for some attention.”
Trump’s attacks on the media in response to critical stories about him have been a staple of his Twitter feed and he tweeted in February 2017 that “The FAKE NEWS media (failing @nytimes, @NBCNews, @ABC, @CBS, @CNN) is not my enemy, it is the enemy of the American people!”
That same month, Assad was quoted as dismissing charges of human rights violations at a military prison as “fake news.” In the Philippines, Duterte lashed out on Tuesday at a “fake news outlet” known for challenging his government.
Noting Trump had said he will give out awards for “the most corrupt and dishonest” media, Flake said: “It beggars belief that an American president would engage in such a spectacle.”
Trump wrote on Twitter on Wednesday evening that his “FAKE NEWS winners” could be found on the Republican National Committee website. The link, which was broken for 90 minutes, listed 10 stories by news outlets. An 11th item was coverage of “RUSSIA COLLUSION!” that Trump called a “hoax.”
In a second Twitter post, Trump said there were also “many great reporters I respect.”
CRITICISM FROM MCCAIN
The other Republican senator from Arizona, John McCain, aimed similar criticism at Trump on Wednesday in an opinion piece in the Washington Post.
“Trump continues his unrelenting attacks on the integrity of American journalists and news outlets,” wrote McCain, who is fighting aggressive brain cancer. “This has provided cover for repressive regimes to follow suit.”
In his clashes with Trump, Flake has called his behavior sometimes “reckless, outrageous and undignified” and criticized the president in a book that made the New York Times best-seller list last year.
On Twitter, Trump has referred to the senator as “Flake(y)” and said Flake dropped his re-election bid because he was doomed to lose. He also has called Flake ineffective, “toxic” and weak on issues such as crime and border security.
Still, Flake has voted for Trump’s policies. He supported Republican tax overhaul legislation last month and voted for unsuccessful bills to repeal and replace Obamacare, both efforts backed by Trump.
Flake laid some “official untruths” at Trump’s door on Wednesday and said the most vexing was his labeling as a “hoax” the investigation of alleged ties between Russia and Trump’s presidential campaign. “To call the Russia matter a ‘hoax’ … is a falsehood,” Flake said.
“We know that the attacks orchestrated by the Russian government during the election were real and constitute a grave threat,” he said. “It is in the interest of every American to get to the bottom of this matter.” | mini_pile | {'original_id': '94ef55fcc9b2ac41d286609c2b8f657d4542e5c5e5161de5c45b503d83cd155f'} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
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Ever since the discovery of transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA, the number of functions attributed to structured nucleic acids has continuously increased^[@CR1]^. Due to the poly-anionic nature of nucleic acids, formation of these structures is strongly influenced by electrostatics. Additionally, as in the case of proteins, non-native interactions can impede the molecular search for biologically active conformations and result in kinetic traps^[@CR2]^. The folding problem for nucleic acids is exacerbated by their small set of monomeric building blocks, which form strong interactions with each other, making it difficult for a given sequence to specify a unique structure^[@CR3]^. As a result, oligonucleotides often adopt long-lived non-native conformations with impaired function. RNA chaperones are a class of proteins that alleviate this problem by helping nucleic acids navigate their rugged energy landscape towards compact and thermodynamically stable conformations^[@CR3]--[@CR11]^.
An important group of RNA chaperones are viral nucleocapsid proteins, which facilitate many nucleic-acid-dependent processes in viral life cycles^[@CR12]--[@CR15]^. Comparisons among these chaperones reveal very few structural similarities, but many of them are enriched in positively charged and polar residues, resulting in proteins that are known or predicted to be disordered^[@CR13],[@CR16],[@CR17]^. Their chaperone activity is present both in vitro and in vivo^[@CR3],[@CR5],[@CR8],[@CR12],[@CR13]^, and the intrinsically disordered regions are both necessary and sufficient for this function^[@CR15]^. These findings give rise to a question of fundamental importance: How do RNA chaperones function without a well-defined structure?
We address this question by studying NCD, the nucleocapsid domain of the hepatitis C virus core protein (Fig. [1a](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}), using a variety of single-molecule fluorescence experiments. NCD is intrinsically disordered as a monomer^[@CR18],[@CR19]^ and has many important roles in the life cycle of this virus, which infects one in 50 people worldwide^[@CR20]^. In addition to forming the nucleocapsid enclosing the viral RNA, NCD also acts as an RNA chaperone and facilitates many nucleic-acid conformational transitions^[@CR15]^, including dimerization of the viral genome (Supplementary Fig. [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}) via a self-complementary hairpin^[@CR21]^. To understand how intrinsically disordered RNA chaperones function, we study NCD's ability to alter the folding kinetics of a ubiquitous nucleic acid structural motif---a stem-loop hairpin (Fig. [1a](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). We note that the tendency for NCD to form nucleocapsid-like particles in the presence of nucleic acids^[@CR19],[@CR22]^ prevents investigation of this process at the high sample concentrations required for many ensemble techniques, such as circular dichroism or NMR spectroscopy. Therefore, we use an integrative combination of single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy and molecular simulations to elucidate the mechanism of chaperone-assisted folding. We find that NCD facilitates the folding of nucleic acids by acting as a macromolecular counterion that locally screens charge repulsion with extreme efficiency. Note that in this work, the terms RNA chaperone and chaperone are broadly used to refer to "proteins that aid in the folding of RNA" rather than the more restrictive definition^[@CR3]^ of "proteins that aid in the process of RNA folding by preventing misfolding or by resolving misfolded species", following the common classification of NCD as an RNA chaperone^[@CR15],[@CR23],[@CR24]^.Fig. 1Nucleic-acid chaperone binds hairpin with high affinity. **a** Molecular representations of the folded and unfolded DNA hairpin with the phosphate, sugar, and base moieties colored in red, pink, and white, respectively; magenta and green spheres indicate the acceptor and donor dyes within the 5′-3′ FRET-labeled hairpin. The positively charged and intrinsically disordered nucleocapsid domain of the hepatitis C virus core protein (NCD, cyan) chaperones hairpin formation. **b** Transfer efficiency histograms from measurements of labeled hairpin at increasing concentrations of unlabeled chaperone under conditions with near-physiological concentrations of monovalent cations (\~75 mM from phosphate buffer (PB) and 80 mM from NaCl). **c** Mean transfer efficiencies, 〈*E*〉, from **b** plotted against chaperone (NCD) concentration. Source data for mean values are provided as a Source Data file. Apparent dissociation constants, ^app^*K*~d~, are determined from fits to a 2-state binding isotherm (see Methods section). **d** Double-logarithmic dependence of ^app^*K*~d~ on sodium ion concentration with fit to a power-law of the form $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$f\left( x \right) = ax^n$$\end{document}$ (solid line, 99% confidence band in gray), where *x* is the concentration of sodium ions and *n* is related to the number of counterions released when NCD binds to the hairpin^[@CR62]^
Results {#Sec2}
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NCD promotes folding via electrostatic interactions {#Sec3}
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The capacity for NCD to chaperone hairpin formation is apparent from confocal single-molecule FRET experiments on freely diffusing nucleic acids designed to form a 7-bp stem-loop structure (Fig. [1a](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). These hairpin molecules were site-specifically labeled near the 3′ and 5′ ends with donor and acceptor dyes, respectively, allowing the formation of the stem-loop (i.e., folding) to be monitored via a change in the highly distance-dependent transfer efficiency. In the absence of NCD and at near-physiological concentrations of monovalent cations, the hairpin primarily occupies unfolded conformations, which result in a low mean transfer efficiency, 〈*E*〉. With increasing concentration of NCD (Fig. [1b, c](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}), the hairpin more frequently occupies high-transfer-efficiency folded conformations. The low-nanomolar apparent dissociation constant, ^app^*K*~d~, of this chaperone-induced transition (Fig. [1c](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}) highlights the high affinity of NCD for the DNA hairpin. Similar results were observed for experiments with an RNA hairpin (Supplementary Fig. [2a](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}). Furthermore, experiments on an oligonucleotide with identical length and a sequence that is unable to form a hairpin reveal that the chaperone also binds and compacts this folding-incompetent nucleic acid (Supplementary Fig. [2b](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}).
Given the large and opposite structural charge^[@CR25]^ of NCD (+25/−3) and the DNA (−60) (Fig. [1a](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}), their association is expected to be electrostatically driven. Indeed, the stability of the complex is extremely sensitive to the addition NaCl, with a strong concomitant increase in ^app^*K*~d~ (Fig. [1c, d](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). This effect can be interpreted^[@CR26]^ in terms of the release of ∼14 counterions when NCD and the DNA associate (Supplementary Fig. [3](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}), a substantially larger number than previously reported for other nucleic acid-binding proteins^[@CR27],[@CR28]^. Notably, the addition of physiological concentrations of Mg^2+^ does not alter NCD's ability to promote hairpin formation (Supplementary Fig. [4a](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}). In low-salt conditions, multiple chaperone molecules can bind a single hairpin (Supplementary Fig. [4b](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}), presumably because of the charge imbalance between NCD and the hairpin. However, in the following sections, we focus on the one-to-one complex (see Methods section). To summarize, the strong electrostatic contribution to binding suggests that the interaction is generic for different kinds and sequences of nucleic acids and rationalizes our finding that NCD has the capacity to bind both DNA and RNA as well as folded and unfolded molecules.
Chaperone binding accelerates folding {#Sec4}
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To observe chaperone-assisted folding directly, we recorded fluorescence time traces of individual surface-immobilized 5′-3′ FRET-labeled hairpin molecules using confocal fluorescence spectroscopy. In the absence of NCD (Fig. [2a](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}), the average dwell time in the low-transfer-efficiency unfolded (U) conformation, 〈*τ*~U~〉 = 60 ± 20 ms, is more than twice as long as the average dwell time in the high-transfer-efficiency folded (F) conformation, 〈*τ*~F~〉 = 26 ± 8 ms. The resulting transfer efficiency histograms resemble those from free-diffusion measurements under identical conditions (Fig. [1b](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}; red), indicating that immobilization does not perturb the system. With 150 nM unlabeled NCD (Fig. [2b](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}), a concentration where the hairpin is bound to chaperone for more than 95% of the time (Fig. [1c](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}), the fluorescence time traces look very different from those in the absence of NCD: The transfer efficiency of the hairpin is almost always high because NCD favors the chaperone-bound folded conformation of the hairpin (FC). However, there are frequent short excursions to a second conformation with an average dwell time of 〈*τ*~UC~〉 = 3 ± 1 ms, which give rise to a small population at a transfer efficiency of \~0.5 (Fig. [2b, d](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). This small population is also visible in the free-diffusion measurements under identical conditions (Fig. [1b](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}; cyan), and its transfer efficiency is close to that of the folding-incompetent hairpin bound to NCD (Supplementary Fig. [2b](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}). These observations suggest that the chaperone-bound unfolded hairpin (UC) is transiently populated at equilibrium, and that it is more compact than the chaperone-free unfolded hairpin (U). The existence of the UC population was further confirmed by recurrence analysis of independent free-diffusion measurements^[@CR29]^ (Supplementary Fig. [5](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}).Fig. 2Chaperone binding accelerates hairpin folding. **a** Representative donor (green) and acceptor (magenta) fluorescence time traces depicting unassisted folding of the surface-immobilized 5′-3′ FRET-labeled hairpin. The uncorrected transfer efficiency, $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat E$$\end{document}$, (black) and the most likely state trajectory (gray) based on the Viterbi algorithm are shown below. **b** Analogous to **a**, but depicting chaperone-assisted hairpin folding with saturating concentrations of NCD (150 nM) to ensure that hairpin molecules are almost always chaperone-associated. **c** Survival probability plots of folded- (upper left) and unfolded-state (lower left) dwell times in the absence of chaperone, fit with single-exponential decays to determine the unfolding and folding rate constants, *k*~U~ and *k*~F~, respectively; 〈*k*~U~〉 and 〈*k*~F~〉 represent mean values obtained from 54 single-molecule measurements. The donor-acceptor fluorescence cross-correlation function (right) decorrelates with a rate constant that is consistent with the sum of *k*~U~ and *k*~F~ from the dwell-time analysis. **d** Analogous to **c**, but for chaperone-assisted folding; 〈*k*~U~〉 and 〈*k*~F~〉 represent mean values obtained from 26 single-molecule measurements. The black lines in **c** and **d** are fits with single exponentials with 99% confidence bands shown in gray. **e** Representative fluorescence time trace measured at a chaperone concentration near ^app^*K*~d~. Transitions between chaperone-bound (cyan shading) and chaperone-free (red shading) kinetic regimes arise from binding and dissociation of NCD. **f** Kinetic 4-state model for chaperone-assisted folding. The folded, F, and unfolded, U, conformations of the hairpin freely interconvert in the absence of chaperone, C, with an equilibrium constant that favors U. When the chaperone is bound, the unfolded, UC, and folded, FC, conformations of the hairpin still interconvert, but with an equilibrium constant that favors F. **g** Trajectory from coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation showing binding (cyan shading) and dissociation (red shading) of the chaperone to the hairpin concomitant with the formation of intermolecular contacts (gray). The folding and unfolding of the hairpin, monitored via native contacts (black), is shifted to favor hairpin formation when the chaperone is bound. Structural representations are taken from the simulations (see Supplementary Movies [1](#MOESM2){ref-type="media"} and [2](#MOESM3){ref-type="media"}). Source data for mean values in **c** and **d** are provided as a Source Data File
In both the absence (Fig. [2c](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}) and presence (Fig. [2d](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}) of NCD, a quantitative two-state kinetic analysis (see Methods section) of the dwell times yielded rate constants consistent with the donor-acceptor fluorescence cross-correlation functions. A comparison of the rate constants in the two distinct kinetic regimes reveals that hairpin folding is accelerated more than 20-fold when NCD is bound, with no significant change in the unfolding rate constant. Again, these results agree with a recurrence analysis of corresponding free-diffusion experiments (Supplementary Fig. [5](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}), providing further support that immobilization does not alter the behavior of the hairpin or NCD.
The full kinetics of chaperone-assisted folding are most obvious at NCD concentrations near ^app^*K*~d~, where NCD is bound roughly half of the time. Under these conditions (Fig. [2e](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}), fluorescence time traces show single molecules toggling between the two distinct kinetic regimes (Fig. [2a, b](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}) as the chaperone binds and dissociates on the timescale of seconds. The single-molecule experiments report on chaperone binding primarily via changes in folding/unfolding kinetics, as the transfer efficiencies of F and FC are very similar. Therefore, we analyzed the fluorescence time traces using a four-state hidden-Markov model (Fig. [2f](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}) (see Methods section). Maximum-likelihood (MLH) analysis shows that NCD binds to the unfolded and folded hairpin with similar rate constants of \~10^8^ M^−1^ s^−1^, but that it dissociates an order of magnitude more slowly from the folded than from the unfolded hairpin (Fig. [2f](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}; gray). The resulting binding and dissociation rate constants, as well as the *K*~d~ for NCD and the unfolded (U) hairpin were consistent with those observed for surface-immobilized folding-incompetent hairpins (Supplementary Fig. [6](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}), where these rate constants can be measured independently, confirming both the accuracy of the MLH analysis and the applicability of the four-state model (Fig. [2f](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). In summary, our results suggest that NCD aids in nucleic acid folding by increasing the free energy of the unfolded relative to the folded state, which leads to a concomitant reduction in the folding free-energy barrier and shifts the equilibrium towards folded conformations. It is worth mentioning that this mechanism is not expected to specifically prevent misfolding.
A disordered protein-nucleic acid complex {#Sec5}
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What are the conformational properties of this protein-nucleic acid complex, and how do they explain the molecular mechanism by which NCD accelerates folding? There is increasing evidence that positively charged intrinsically disordered proteins can form high-affinity complexes with nucleic acids and remain disordered and highly dynamic in the bound state^[@CR30],[@CR31]^, including NCD in complex with viral RNA hairpins^[@CR19]^, suggesting that NCD performs its chaperoning function as a disordered protein. To test whether it indeed remains disordered and correspondingly dynamic after binding to the hairpin, we labeled a two-cysteine variant of NCD (S2C-T65C) with donor and acceptor dyes (Fig. [3a](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}) and used nanosecond fluorescence correlation spectroscopy^[@CR32]^ to probe its reconfiguration dynamics in the presence and absence of the unlabeled hairpin and its folding-incompetent counterpart (Fig. [3b](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}). In all cases, the resulting correlation functions reveal pronounced fluorescence fluctuations of donor and acceptor emission on the 50-ns timescale, as expected for the long-range distance dynamics characteristic of intrinsically disordered proteins^[@CR32]--[@CR35]^, supporting the notion that NCD remains disordered while bound to nucleic acids^[@CR19]^.Fig. 3Structural properties of chaperone-hairpin complex. **a** Molecular surface representations of the binding partners colored by electrostatic potential (red, negative; blue, positive). Arrows indicate the approximate location of labeling sites. **b** Donor-donor (light green), acceptor-acceptor (magenta), and donor-acceptor (gray) fluorescence correlation functions for FRET-labeled NCD S2C-T65C in isolation (top), bound to the hairpin (middle), and bound to the folding-incompetent hairpin (bottom). Solid black lines are global fits of the three respective correlation functions, which are used to determine the reconfiguration times, *τ*~r~, of the chaperone. **c** Mean transfer efficiencies for all labeling pairs from the mapping experiment (triangles) at 30 mM PB pH 7.0 and the coarse-grained molecular simulations (circles). Mean values are provided in the Source Data file. Labeling positions in the chaperone and the hairpin are shown in cyan and red, respectively. The uncertainties associated with transfer efficiency values are \~0.01 based on multiple simulations and \~0.03 for the experiments (error dominated by instrument calibration). **d** Molecular representations of the disordered nucleic acid-chaperone complex from the simulations (see Supplementary Movies [1](#MOESM2){ref-type="media"} and [2](#MOESM3){ref-type="media"}); color code as in Fig. [1a](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}. **e** Correlation between experimental and simulated mean transfer efficiencies. The dashed gray line is the identity line, the solid black line is a linear regression
To further test the presence of disorder and map out the structural properties of the two binding partners, we placed FRET dyes at different positions within the chaperone and the hairpin (Fig. [3a, c](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}). To isolate the UC complex, analogous experiments were conducted with the folding-incompetent DNA. The intramolecular transfer efficiencies of NCD (S2C-S130C, S2C-T65C, and T65C-S130C) increase when the UC complex is formed; the same is true for the intramolecular transfer efficiencies of the folding-incompetent DNA (U) (5′-3′, 3′-MID, and 5′-MID) relative to its chaperone-bound counterpart (UC). These results indicate that both the chaperone and the unfolded nucleic acid become more compact when the complex is formed (Fig. [3c](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}), as expected from the mutual screening of the repulsive charges within each chain^[@CR36]^. A total of 39 intermolecular (Supplementary Fig. [4b, c](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}) and intramolecular (Supplementary Fig. [4d](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}) transfer efficiencies were determined using different combinations of donor-acceptor labeling positions (Fig. [3c](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}).
To obtain a molecular description of the two binding partners, we developed a physically-motivated coarse-grained molecular model (see Methods section) of the chaperone and the hairpin (Fig. [3d](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}). Each amino acid is represented by a single bead of appropriate size, and each nucleotide by three beads corresponding to the sugar, base and phosphate groups. The important role of electrostatics for binding is accounted for by Coulomb interactions between all charged groups, including a charge screening term corresponding to the ionic strength of the experimental solution conditions. Other nonspecific attractive interactions and excluded-volume repulsions are described using a short-range potential. Additionally, we included complementary base-pairing interactions within the hairpin allowing for the formation of stem-loop structures (Fig. [1a](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Simulations of these coarse-grained models (Supplementary Fig. [7, Supplementary Movies 1 and 2](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}) were used to obtain simulated transfer efficiencies (Supplementary Fig. [8](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}), which we then compared with the corresponding experimental values. By adjusting the three contact energies associated with the model along with a single base-stacking term (see Methods section), simulations of the hairpin-chaperone complex were able to reproduce the 39 measured transfer efficiencies (Fig. [3c](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}) with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.09 (Fig. [3e](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}). The agreement between experimental and simulated data indicates that the behavior of this nucleoprotein complex can be approximated by electrostatically driven interactions between two oppositely-charged and unstructured biopolymers without sequence- or structure-specific interactions (apart from those responsible for the formation of the 7-bp stem). This disordered complex with its electrostatically driven interaction is similar in nature to the recently described high-affinity complex between two oppositely charged disordered proteins^[@CR36]^.
RNA chaperones as macromolecular counter ions {#Sec6}
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In addition to providing information about the structural properties of this nucleoprotein complex, our coarse-grained model also allows us to address the question of how positively charged disordered proteins can function as nucleic acid chaperones. Remarkably, much of the experimentally observed kinetic behavior is reproduced by the simulations (Supplementary Fig. [7](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}), for example: (i) chaperone binding increases the folding rate; (ii) the chaperone binds to the folded and unfolded hairpin with similar rates; and (iii) the chaperone dissociates much more slowly from the folded than from the unfolded hairpin. Together, this behavior results in molecular dynamics trajectories interconverting between two distinct folding regimes (Fig. [2g](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"} and Supplementary Fig. [7a](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}) in a way that resembles the experimental data (Fig. [2f](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). This agreement indicates that our simple molecular model not only accurately describes the conformational properties of a disordered nucleic-acid chaperone that remains unstructured in the bound state, but that it also captures many of the mechanistic properties of chaperone-assisted folding.
Furthermore, the simulations allow us to directly test the hypothesis that NCD-induced compaction of the unfolded nucleic acid causes an increase in the folding rate constant. We thus performed coarse-grained simulations of the isolated hairpin in an external potential chosen to bias its radius of gyration to that of the chaperone-bound hairpin (Supplementary Fig. [9](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}). Indeed, this conformationally biased hairpin also displayed a shift in the equilibrium constant towards the folded state, which primarily resulted from an acceleration of the folding rate constant (Supplementary Fig. [9](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}). Altogether, our results thus suggest an elegant physical mechanism for how a positively charged, intrinsically disordered protein can chaperone conformational transitions in nucleic acids: The chaperone acts as a flexible macromolecular counterion that screens the repulsive negative charges along the phosphate backbone and allows the nucleic acid to more frequently adopt compact (including folded) conformations.
If nonspecific charge screening is the main mechanism involved, then increasing the monovalent salt concentration should have the same qualitative effect on nucleic acid folding as chaperone binding. To test this hypothesis, we performed an analogous set of experiments where NaCl was added to the solution instead of NCD (Supplementary Fig. [10](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}). Indeed, both NCD binding and high concentrations of monovalent salt (i) compact the unfolded hairpin (Fig. [4c](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}), (ii) increase the folding rate constant (Fig. [4d](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}), and (iii) shift the equilibrium to favor folded conformations (Fig. [4a, b](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}). However, the concentrations of monovalent salt required to achieve comparable effects are in the molar range, i.e., seven orders of magnitude greater than for the multivalent chaperone (Fig. [4c, d](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}). This result highlights the remarkable ability of a single disordered chaperone molecule to provide a high local abundance of counterions around the nucleic acid by forming what is essentially a dense macromolecular counterion cloud. Although NCD's macromolecular nature leads to much higher affinity and quantitatively stronger effects, its chaperoning function is qualitatively consistent with the trend observed for the facilitated folding of nucleic acids using a variety counterions with increasing charge and size, ranging from metal ions to polyamines^[@CR37]--[@CR39]^.Fig. 4NCD functions as a macromolecular counterion. Transfer efficiency histograms for **a** salt-assisted and **b** chaperone-assisted folding of the 5′-3′ FRET-labeled DNA hairpin. Increasing concentrations of either NaCl or NCD promote formation of the hairpin, but the transition midpoint concentrations (i.e., ^app^*K*~d~ and \[NaCl\]~1/2~) for the two species differ by a factor of ∼10^7^. **c** Mean inter-dye distance for the folding-incompetent hairpin as a function of sodium ion concentration. Source data for mean values are provided as a Source Data file. The compaction of the unfolded nucleic acid induced by chaperone binding (cyan arrow) is comparable to that present at molar concentrations of NaCl. The dashed black line results from a fit to a worm-like chain with a salt-dependent (i.e., electrostatic) persistence length (see Methods section). **d** Mean folding rate constant for hairpin formation as a function of NaCl concentration. Source data for mean values are provided as a Source Data file. Chaperone binding gives rise to a folding rate constant comparable to solutions containing molar concentrations of NaCl (cyan arrow). The extrapolation (dashed black line) is a fit of the data to a power law of the form $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$f\left( x \right) = ax^n$$\end{document}$, where *x* is the concentration of NaCl, and *n* is related to the number of counterions taken up upon forming the transition state^[@CR62]^
Discussion {#Sec7}
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The RNA and DNA hairpins used in this report represent a structural motif that is ubiquitous in folded nucleic acids, and therefore the functional mechanism we propose is expected to be applicable to a wide range of chaperone-assisted conformational transitions in nucleic acids. The extent of its applicability certainly merits further investigation. For instance, it has been proposed that hepatitis C virus genome dimerization is initiated by forming intermolecular base pairs between the unpaired nucleotides in the stem-loop structure of the dimer linkage sequence (DLS; Supplementary Fig. [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}), giving rise to what is commonly referred to as RNA kissing loops^[@CR40]^. It is plausible that NCD promotes kissing loop formation, and therefore genome dimerization, via the charge screening mechanism we describe for chaperone-assisted hairpin formation: NCD will bind to the DLS, serving as a macromolecular counter ion and reducing the effective charge of the nucleoprotein complex, which reduces the repulsion between the two interaction sites (i.e., the unpaired nucleotides in the loops of the DLS). As a result, the rate constant for kissing loop formation would be expected to increase, and the equilibrium would shift to favor genome dimerization after binding of NCD.
Intrinsically disordered RNA chaperones that bind nucleic acids with high affinity thus represent an efficient and genetically controllable strategy for altering the conformations and dynamics of functional nucleic acids (both DNA and RNA) in a cellular environment, whereas factors such as cellular salt concentrations can only be regulated within narrow bounds. These types of interactions are a likely reason why nucleic acids exposed to cellular extracts are bound to a variety of proteins^[@CR41]^ and why the structural and dynamic properties of RNA in cellular environments tend to differ from those in vitro^[@CR42],[@CR43]^. Furthermore, the lack of sequence and structural specificity of the macromolecular counterion mechanism described here suggests that other positively charged intrinsically disordered viral proteins, such as NCp7^[@CR44]^ and Tat^[@CR44],[@CR45]^ from HIV-1, as well as the core protein from the West Nile virus^[@CR46]^, might employ a similar mode of action. In addition to modulating the affinity of nucleic-acid-binding proteins^[@CR47]^, positively charged intrinsically disordered regions may also represent a way to append this type of chaperone activity to transcription factors^[@CR48]^, nucleocapsid proteins^[@CR15]^, and histone-like proteins^[@CR49]^.
Although macromolecular charge screening is likely to be a widely applicable mechanism of intrinsically disordered RNA chaperones, there is of course a range of complementary mechanisms. For example, the structurally more well-defined Moloney murine leukemia virus nucleocapsid protein preferentially interacts with guanosine residues, preventing them from forming non-native contacts that would otherwise impede formation of the native state^[@CR14]^. The hexameric bacterial RNA chaperone Hfq makes use of multiple intrinsically disordered tails to facilitate release of RNA target molecules^[@CR50]^, while other RNA chaperones with ATP-dependent helicase activity unwind their substrates, leading to an iterative annealing mechanism^[@CR9]^. Despite the wide range of mechanisms employed by RNA chaperones, many of them are likely to complement the macromolecular counterion mechanism we propose here and may therefore cooperate in facilitating conformational transitions for a wide range of DNA and RNA molecules.
Methods {#Sec8}
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Preparation and labeling of nucleic acids {#Sec9}
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Both the hairpin (HP) and the non-complementary, folding-incompetent hairpin (ncHP) were purchased as chemically synthesized deoxyoligonucleotides (Integrated DNA Technologies). One or two of the following chemical moieties were introduced during synthesis to facilitate dye attachment: a 5′ dithiol at position 0 (i.e., the phosphate preceding the first cytosine) for maleimide labeling, an amino-modified C6 dT in the middle of the loop at position 27, and an amino-modified C6 dT towards the 3′ end (position 48) of the hairpin for succinimidyl ester labeling. In total, four different oligonucleotides were used to generate the seven different labeling permutations for HP; the same is true for ncHP (Supplementary Table [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}). The RNA-based HP had a sequence similar to the DNA HP with similar synthetic modifications (Supplementary Table [2](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}).
Prior to labeling, the synthetically incorporated thiol groups were reduced using 5 mM tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine. Either N-hydroxysuccinimide-functionalized or maleimide-functionalized donor (Cy3B; GE Healthcare) and acceptor (CF660R; Biotium) dyes were site-specifically incorporated at the desired positions in the oligonucleotides, which contained either primary amines or thiols, using the manufacturers' suggested protocols. The labeled constructs were purified on a reversed-phase C18 column (Dr. Maisch) using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (Agilent 1100 series). Samples were lyophilized overnight, then dissolved in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (PB) pH 7.0 and stored at −80 °C until use.
Preparation and labeling of NCD {#Sec10}
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Gene variants of a clinical isolate of NCD (GenBank: CAE46584.1) were cloned into a pET-47b(+) vector, transfected into BL21 (DE3) *E*.*coli* cells (New England Biolabs). After 3 h of growth at 37 °C, recombinant expression was induced via 0.5 mM isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside for a total of for 3 h at 37 °C^[@CR19]^. In the sequence, the terminal (134) tryptophan residue was removed to prevent dye quenching; the only natural cysteine at position 98 was changed to methionine; and either one or two cysteine residues were introduced using site-directed mutagenesis at the desired labeling positions (S2, T65, and S130), resulting in 6 different amino acid sequences (Supplementary Table [3](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}). The correct mass of all proteins was confirmed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (Functional Genomics Center Zurich). See Supplementary Table [7](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"} for the sequences of all primers used in this work.
Immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography and HPLC were used to purify the recombinantly expressed proteins. The proteins were then stochastically labeled with maleimide-functionalized donor and/or acceptor dyes and purified on a reversed phase C18 column (Dr. Maisch) using HPLC to remove double donor and double acceptor species. Samples were lyophilized overnight, then dissolved in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (PB) pH 7.0 and stored at −80 °C until use.
Free-diffusion single-molecule FRET spectroscopy {#Sec11}
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Free-diffusion experiments were performed on a modified version of a confocal single-molecule instrument (MicroTime 200, PicoQuant) using pulsed interleaved excitation^[@CR51],[@CR52]^ and time-correlated single photon counting. Direct excitation of the donor was accomplished using 100 μW (measured at the back aperture of the microscope objective) of filtered light (520 ± 5 nm) from a pulsed (20 MHz) continuum laser (SC400, Fianium), which also triggered the 635-nm pulsed diode laser (PicoQuant) that directly excited (100 μW) the acceptor. Prior to being detected on one of four avalanche photodiodes (AQRH-series, PerkinElmer), photons were separated by polarization and color using a polarizing beamsplitter cube (PicoQuant) and two dichroic mirrors (Chroma), respectively.
All photon arrival time records were binned at 0.5 ms. The background-corrected numbers of acceptor $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$(\hat N_{\mathrm{D}}^d)$$\end{document}$ photons resulting from direct donor excitation were used to calculate the uncorrected transfer efficiency, $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat E = \frac{{\hat N_{\mathrm{A}}^d}}{{\hat N_{\mathrm{A}}^d + \hat N_{\mathrm{D}}^d}}$$\end{document}$, for each burst, and the total numbers of photons resulting from donor $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$(\hat N_{{\mathrm{tot}}}^d)$$\end{document}$ and acceptor $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$(\hat N_{{\mathrm{tot}}}^a)$$\end{document}$ direct excitation were used to determine the apparent fluorescence stoichiometry ratio, $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat S = \frac{{\hat N_{{\mathrm{tot}}}^d}}{{\hat N_{{\mathrm{tot}}}^d + \hat N_{{\mathrm{tot}}}^a}}$$\end{document}$^[@CR53]--[@CR55]^. Only bursts resulting from molecules with active donor and acceptor dyes (0.3 \< $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat S$$\end{document}$ \< 0.7) were used to construct $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat E$$\end{document}$ histograms. Correction factors for cross talk, direct excitation, as well as differences in excitation and detection efficiencies were calculated from the mean $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat S$$\end{document}$ values of the three populations present in the sample (active FRET pair at $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat S$$\end{document}$ ≈ 0.5, active donor only at $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat S$$\end{document}$ ≈ 1.0, and active acceptor only at $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat S$$\end{document}$ ≈ 0.0) and used to calculate corrected values for *E*, the transfer efficiency, and *S*, the stoichiometry ratio^[@CR53]--[@CR55]^. All data analysis was conducted using a custom Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) add-on for Mathematica (Wolfram).
All free-diffusion experiments were conducted with labeled biomolecule concentrations ranging between 50 and 250 pM in one of two buffers systems: either standard buffer (50 mM PB pH 7.0 and 0.01% Tween20) with the specified concentration of NaCl, or low-salt buffer (30 mM PB pH 7.0 and 0.01% Tween20). Ascorbic acid and methylviologen were included at a final concentration of 1 mM each to improve the performance of the donor and acceptor dyes^[@CR56]^. For intermolecular FRET experiments conducted in low-salt buffer, we occasionally observed 1:2 hairpin-chaperone complexes (Supplementary Fig. [4b](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}). In these cases, we only consider the transfer efficiency of the 1:1 species (at *S* ≈ 0.5) because we were primarily interested in the conformational properties of the 1:1 complex and because interpreting transfer efficiencies in the presence of multiple acceptors can be difficult^[@CR57]^. For intramolecular FRET experiments on the FRET-labeled hairpin conducted in low-salt buffer, we work at sub-saturating concentrations of chaperone to minimize the interference of these 1:2 complexes with our transfer efficiency measurements.
Recurrence analysis {#Sec12}
-------------------
For recurrence analysis^[@CR29]^, experiments were conducted on a custom-built confocal single-molecule fluorescence instrument, where 100 μW of light from a continuous-wave 532-nm laser (LaserBoxx 532, Oxxius) was used to excite the donor, and 25 μW of light from a 5-MHz 635 nm pulsed laser diode (PicoQuant) was used to excite the acceptor. Photons were detected using four single-photon avalanche diodes (AQRH-series, PerkinElmer) and recorded using a time-correlated single-photon counting module (HydraHarp, PicoQuant). For the analysis, photon arrival times were binned in 250-μs bins. Only bins containing fluorescence from both donor and acceptor dyes were considered as bursts for recurrence analysis. Additional details regarding recurrence analysis can be found elsewhere^[@CR29]^. All data analysis was conducted using a custom WSTP add-on for Mathematica (Wolfram).
Surface-immobilization experiments {#Sec13}
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All surface-immobilization experiments of FRET-labeled HP were conducted on the MicroTime 200 (PicoQuant) used for the free diffusion measurements, but 1 μW (measured at the back aperture of the microscope objective) of light from a continuous-wave 532-nm laser (LaserBoxx 532, Oxxius) was used to excite the donor since pulsed excitation led to lower photostability. Biotin-neutravidin binding was used to non-covalently immobilize the biotin-modified nucleic acids to biotinylated, polyethylene glycol-passivated quartz cover slides (MicroSurfaces) at a surface density of less than one molecule per square micrometer. All surface-immobilized experiments were performed in solutions containing 50 mM phosphate buffer (PB) pH 7.0 with 80 mM NaCl. The presence of a single-step photobleaching event was used to confirm the presence of single molecules. The resulting fluorescence time traces were individually inspected to identify segments without fluorophore blinking. A maximum-likelihood (MLH) analysis of the donor and acceptor photon arrival times from these segments^[@CR58]^ was used to identify the most likely rate constants for a hidden Markov model of our data. The likelihood (*L*) function can be written as:$$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$L = {\mathbf{1}}^{\mathrm{T}}\mathop {\prod }\limits_{k = 2}^{N_{{\mathrm{ph}}}} \left( {{\mathbf{F}}\left( {c_k} \right){\mathrm{e}}^{\left( {{\mathbf{K}} - {\mathbf{N}}} \right)\tau _k}} \right){\mathbf{F}}\left( {c_1} \right){\mathbf{p}}_{{\mathrm{eq}}}/{\mathbf{1}}^{\mathrm{T}}{\mathbf{Np}}_{{\mathrm{eq}}},$$\end{document}$$where **1**^T^ = (1,1,1,1) is the transposed unity vector, *N*~ph~ is the total number of photons in the trajectory, and **F**(*c*~k~) is a matrix that depends on the "color" *c*~k~ of the *k*th photon. For **F**(acceptor) = **N**~A~ and for **F**(donor) = **N**~D~. Here, **N**~A~ and **N**~D~ are diagonal matrices with the acceptor, *n*~A*i*~, and donor, *n*~D*i*~, count rates associated with state *i* on the diagonal. The matrix **N** = **N**~A~ + **N**~D,~ with diagonal elements *n*~i~ = *n*~A*i*~ + *n*~D*i*~. **K** describes the transition rates between states *i* and *j*. The inter-photon time of the *k*th photon is represented by *τ*~*k*~ = *t*~*k*~ − *t*~*k*−1~, where *t*~*k*~ is the detection time of the *k*th photon. The vector **p**~eq~ contains the equilibrium populations of the various states in the hidden Markov model (i.e., **K** **p**~eq~ = 0). For the analysis of trajectories in the presence and absence of 150 nM NCD, the likelihood function of each fluorescence time trace was maximized by adjusting the parameters contained within **N**~A~, **N**~D,~ and **K** for a two-state hidden-Markov model (i.e., either U ⇌ F or UC ⇌ FC).
To visually assess the quality of the MLH analysis, the Viterbi algorithm was used in conjunction with the values of **N**~A~, **N**~D~, and **N** from the MLH analysis to determine the most likely state trajectory, which allowed us to determine dwell times. Finally, survival probability distributions determined from the dwell times were fit to exponential decay functions to obtain rate constants (e.g., *k*~U~ and *k*~F~), which were indistinguishable from MLH-derived values within experimental error. Additionally, the donor-acceptor fluorescence cross-correlation signal between *τ* = 10^−2^ and *τ* = 10^2^ ms was fit to a single-exponential function to determine the relaxation rate constants, *k* = *k*~U~ + *k*~F~, which were also consistent with the dwell-time and MLH analyses.
For experiments conducted at concentrations of unlabeled NCD near the apparent dissociation constant (i.e., 18 nM), 0.33 μW of light was used to excite the donor to reduce photobleaching, thereby enabling longer observation times of surface-immobilized FRET-labeled molecules. Additionally, a dwell-time analysis like the one described above was not possible because: (i) the transfer efficiency of the F and FC states were very similar and (ii) both these states were populated under these conditions. Therefore, we used the MLH routine to analyze all fluorescence time traces with a four-state hidden Markov model to determine the binding and dissociation rate constants for the interaction of NCD with the folded and unfolded conformations of the hairpin (Fig. [2f](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}, gray). All other parameters in the four-state hidden Markov model (i.e., **N**~A~ and **N**~D~ as well as the hairpin folding and unfolding rate constants, *k*~U~, *k*~F~, *k*~UC~, and *k*~FC~) were fixed (Fig. [2f](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}, black) to values obtained in experiments conducted on immobilized hairpin molecules in the presence and absence of 150 nM unlabeled NCD (Fig. [2a, b](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). All data analysis was conducted using a custom WSTP add-on for Mathematica (Wolfram).
Nanosecond fluorescence correlation spectroscopy {#Sec14}
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To determine the reconfiguration dynamics of NCD, we used a variant stochastically labeled with Alexa 488 (donor) and Alexa 549 (acceptor) at positions 2 and 65. Prior to measurements, the FRET-labeled protein was purified using HPLC to remove the undesired double-donor and double-acceptor populations. Correlation functions were generated from ∼10 h measurements using 100 μW of 488-nm continuous-wave excitation (measured at the back aperture of the microscope objective) to directly excite the donor. All measurements contained approximately 50 pM FRET-labeled NCD in low-salt buffer. Only photons arising from the FRET-labeled population (i.e., $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat E$$\end{document}$ \> 0.2) were considered for the correlation analysis. Lag times ranging between *τ* = −150 ns and *τ* = 150 ns from the acceptor autocorrelation function, *g*~AA~(*τ*), the donor autocorrelation function, *g*~DD~(*τ*), and the donor-acceptor crosscorrelation function, *g*~DA~(*τ*), were globally fit to a model with two exponential components for each correlation:$$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$g_{ij}\left( \tau \right) = a_{ij}\left( {1 + A_{{\mathrm{AB}}_{ij}}e^{\frac{{ - \left| {\tau - t_{0_{ij}}} \right|}}{{\tau _{{\mathrm{AB}}_{ij}}}}}} \right)\left( {1 + A_{{\mathrm{CD}}_{ij}}e^{\frac{{ - \left| {\tau - t_{0_{ij}}} \right|}}{{\tau _{{\mathrm{CD}}}}}}} \right),$$\end{document}$$where the amplitude *a*~*ij*~ depends on the mean number of molecules in the confocal volume, triplet blinking, and the background signal. Small differences in the temporal alignment of the donor and acceptor channels are accounted for with the time offset, $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$t_{0_{ij}}$$\end{document}$. In this model, $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\tau _{{\mathrm{AB}}_{ij}}$$\end{document}$ is a fast (\<5 ns), anticorrelated component (i.e., $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$A_{{\mathrm{AB}}_{ij}} < \, 0$$\end{document}$) for photon antibunching (AB), and *τ*~*CD*~ is a slower (\>10 ns) component shared by all correlations and corresponding to chain dynamics (CD). This slower component is anti-correlated in the donor-acceptor (DA) crosscorrelation (i.e., $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$A_{{\mathrm{CD}}_{{\mathrm{DA}}}} < \, 0$$\end{document}$), as expected for fluctuations in transfer efficiency due to distance dynamics. The reconfiguration time (*τ*~r~) we report accounts for the fact that *τ*~CD~ does not directly represent the decay of the end-to-end distance correlation function; additional details regarding the nanosecond correlation spectroscopy are presented elsewhere^[@CR33],[@CR59],[@CR60]^. All data analysis was conducted using a custom WSTP add-on for Mathematica (Wolfram).
Analysis of binding equilibria {#Sec15}
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All binding equilibria were analyzed using a 2-state Hill-type binding isotherm^[@CR61]^ with the following functional form:$$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$f\left( x \right) = f_{\mathrm{i}} + \frac{{\left( {f_{\mathrm{f}} - f_{\mathrm{i}}} \right)\,x^n}}{{x^n + \varphi ^n}},$$\end{document}$$where *f* is the experimental observable (e.g., 〈*E*〉 or fraction bound), and *x* the experimental variable (e.g., NaCl or NCD concentration). The fit parameters *f*~i~ and *f*~f~ correspond to the asymptotic limits of *f*(*x*) at low and high concentration, respectively. The fit parameter $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\varphi$$\end{document}$ represents the midpoint (e.g., apparent dissociation constant) of the transition from *f*~i~ to *f*~f~ and is defined as $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\frac{{f\left( \varphi \right) - f_{\mathrm{i}}}}{{(f_{\mathrm{f}} - f_{\mathrm{i}})}} = \frac{1}{2}$$\end{document}$. Finally, the fit parameter *n* corresponds to the sensitivity of the transition to concentration and is defined as $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$n = (\partial \,{\mathrm{ln}}K/\partial \ln x)$$\end{document}$, where *K* corresponds to the apparent equilibrium constant. When the experimental variable is salt (e.g., NaCl), as in the case of Supplementary Fig. [3](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}, this formalism can be used to interpret *n* in terms of either counterion release (*n* \< 0) or counterion uptake (*n* \> 0)^[@CR62]^. All data analysis was conducted using Mathematica (Wolfram).
Coarse-grained representation and energy function {#Sec16}
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In the coarse-grained model, each residue of the protein NCD was represented by a single bead (of type C) located at the position of the alpha-carbon atom, while the DNA was represented by three beads per residue, one for the ribose (R bead), located at the C4′ position, one for the phosphate at the P position (P bead), and one for the base. The base bead (B) was located at the average position of the N1 of adenine, the N1 of guanine, the N3 of thymidine and the N3 of cytidine in an idealized DNA duplex (see below for further geometrical details). The energy function was given by a standard force field expression:$$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{l}E = \mathop {\sum }\limits_{(i,j) \in {\mathrm{bonds}}} \frac{1}{2}k_{\mathrm{b}}\left( {r_{ij} - r_{ij,0}} \right)^2 + \mathop {\sum }\limits_{(i,j,k) \in {\mathrm{angles}}} \frac{1}{2}k_{\mathrm{\theta }}\left( {\theta _{ijk} - \theta _{ijk,0}} \right)^2\\ \quad \quad \quad \quad \;\; + \mathop {\sum }\limits_{(i,j) \in {\mathrm{stack}}} 4\varepsilon _{{\mathrm{stack}}}\left( {\left( {\frac{{\sigma _{{\mathrm{stack}}}}}{{r_{ij}}}} \right)^{12} - \left( {\frac{{\sigma _{{\mathrm{stack}}}}}{{r_{ij}}}} \right)^6} \right)\\ \quad \quad \quad \quad \;\; + \mathop {\sum }\limits_{(i,j) \notin {\mathrm{native}}} 4\varepsilon _{ij}\left( {\left( {\frac{{\sigma _{ij}}}{{r_{ij}}}} \right)^{12} - \left( {\frac{{\sigma _{ij}}}{{r_{ij}}}} \right)^6} \right)\\ \quad \quad \quad \quad \;\; + \mathop {\sum }\limits_{(i,j) \in {\mathrm{native}}} 4\hat \varepsilon _{ij}\left( {\left( {\frac{{\hat \sigma _{ij}}}{{r_{ij}}}} \right)^{12} - \left( {\frac{{\hat \sigma _{ij}}}{{r_{ij}}}} \right)^6} \right) + \mathop {\sum }\limits_{i,j} \frac{{q_iq_j}}{{4{\mathrm{\pi }}{\it{\epsilon }}_0Dr_{ij}}}\exp \left[ { - \frac{{r_{ij}}}{{\lambda _{{\mathrm{DH}}}}}} \right]\end{array}$$\end{document}$$
The first two terms of Eq. [4](#Equ4){ref-type=""} account for the covalently bonded structure of the chain, with *r*~*ij*~ being the distance between atoms *i* and *j*, *k*~b~ the harmonic bond force constant, *θ*~*ijk*~ the angle between bonded atoms *i*, *j*, and *k*, and *k*~θ~ is the harmonic angle force constant. The ideal values of the bond lengths and angles (*r*~*ij*,0~ and θ~*ijk*,0~ respectively) and the force constants are given in Supplementary Table [4](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}. The third term is a stacking energy that is defined for all base beads (B) that are adjacent in sequence, irrespective of whether they are involved in forming duplex structure. The fourth and fifth terms of Eq. [4](#Equ4){ref-type=""} correspond, respectively, to a generic non-bonded term for atom pairs not in contact in the native DNA duplex and not involved in stacking, and a Gō-like (structure-based) term for those atom pairs in contact in the DNA duplex. The generic non-bonded term is a function of the parameters *ε*~*ij*~ and *σ*~*ij*~, which depend only on the types of beads interacting (i.e., protein bead C, or P, R or B bead of DNA). The corresponding interaction matrix is given in Supplementary Table [5](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}. The Gō-like term is defined for beads which form base pairs in the duplex structure, and was only used for the DNA sequence capable of forming a duplex. The set of native interaction parameters $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat \sigma _{ij}$$\end{document}$ for each pair of base-paired residues is given in Supplementary Table [6](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}. Note that, by symmetry, analogous native contacts are implicitly defined with *j* and *i* permuted. The native contact distances are based on idealized B-form Watson-Crick DNA. The contact energies listed above are those used for simulating equilibrium folding dynamics of the DNA; for simulating the folded state, a value of 5.0 kJ mol^−1^ was used to keep the DNA folded. The last term in Eq. [4](#Equ4){ref-type=""} is the coulombic potential: Every bead representing a charged amino acid in the chaperone is assigned the appropriate net charge (*q*~*i*~), and the DNA phosphate beads are each given a charge of −1. Electrostatic forces are screened by a Debye-Hückel potential with Debye length *λ*~DH~ determined from the relevant ionic strength. The parameters $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\it{\epsilon }}_0$$\end{document}$ and *D* are, respectively, the permittivity of free space and the relative dielectric of the medium, taken to be 80. Note that the only sequence-specific features of the protein in the model are the residue charges. For the DNA, the only sequence-dependent feature is the presence of the complementary strands in the foldable sequence, which are included via the structure-based term.
Comparing simulations and experiments {#Sec17}
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Transfer efficiencies were calculated from the coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations using the distribution of inter-residue distances. Because the reconfiguration dynamics of the complex occur on a 50-ns timescale, we assume that the distribution of inter-residue distances, *P*(*r*), is sampled on a time scale that is much slower than the fluorescence lifetime of the donor (e.g., 3 ns) and that the rotational correlation time of the dyes is much faster than the fluorescence lifetime of the donor. This gives rise to the following expression for the mean transfer efficiency:^[@CR63]^ $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$E = \mathop {\smallint }_0^{\infty} \,E\left( r \right)P\left( r \right)dr$$\end{document}$, where $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$E\left( r \right) = \left( {1 + \left( {r/R_0} \right)^6} \right)^{ - 1}$$\end{document}$ and $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R_0 = 59\,{\mathrm{{\AA}}}$$\end{document}$ is the Förster radius of the Cy3B-CF660R FRET pair.
Model parameter optimization {#Sec18}
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The bonded parameters (bonds, angles) were based, in the case of the protein, on an extended random-coil structure, and in the case of the DNA, on an idealized Watson-Crick duplex structure. These parameters were fixed and not subject to optimization. The non-bonded radius for all protein and DNA beads was also fixed to 0.6 nm. This value is approximately consistent with the volume of a typical amino acid, ribose or base. The single protein-protein non-bonded energy parameter was adjusted to match the FRET efficiencies of the protein in isolation and was fixed to that value in all subsequent simulations. The obtained value of 0.15 *k*~B~*T* is almost identical to the 0.16 *k*~B~*T* used for protein-protein interactions in a closely related model we used to interpret recent FRET experiments on the interaction of two highly charged proteins^[@CR36]^. For the DNA, the non-bonded interaction energy $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\varepsilon _{ij}$$\end{document}$ was set to a small value for most beads, except for adjacent bases, which are known to form favorable base stacking interactions. The single stacking pair energy parameter between sequence-neighboring bases was optimized in order to reproduce the FRET efficiencies of the isolated, folding-incompetent DNA (without native interactions defined). This led to an average stacking free energy of \~8.79 kJ mol^−1^, which is consistent with other estimates of the free energy gain by base stacking^[@CR64]^. This parameter was then fixed for all simulations involving DNA. The last parameter optimized to match FRET data was a single protein-DNA interaction energy, common to all DNA beads, which was determined to match the intermolecular FRET data for the complex of NCD with the unfolded DNA. No adjustable parameters were added for the folded DNA: for comparison with experimental FRET efficiencies of the folded DNA in isolation, or in complex with NCD, the strength of each duplex native contact was set to a sufficiently large value (5.0 kJ mol^−1^) that the DNA was essentially always folded. For simulations of equilibrium folding dynamics, a smaller native contact energy of 3.279 kJ mol^−1^ was used.
Simulation details {#Sec19}
------------------
For most simulations, unbiased Langevin dynamics were run at 300 K with Gromacs^[@CR65]^ version 5.1.4 or 4.0.2 ([www.gromacs.org](http://www.gromacs.org)), using a time step of 10 fs and a friction coefficient of 0.1 ps^−1^. All bond lengths were constrained to their initial values. A cubic box of side 40 nm was used for all simulations of equilibrium folding dynamics of the DNA. Folding kinetics were estimated from long equilibrium simulations of the NCD and DNA together. A four-state kinetic model comprising the states U, F, UC, and FC (Fig. [2f](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}) was fitted to the simulation data by assigning transitions using a transition-based or core state assignment^[@CR66]^. The trajectory was initially unassigned until it reached one of the core states. It then only changed assignment once it reached a different core state. The core sets were defined as $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\mathrm{Core}}_{{\mathrm{UC}}} = {\mathrm{Unfolded}}\mathop { \cap }\nolimits {\mathrm{Bound}}$$\end{document}$, $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\mathrm{Core}}_{{\mathrm{FC}}} = {\mathrm{Folded}}\mathop { \cap }\nolimits {\mathrm{Bound}}$$\end{document}$, $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\mathrm{Core}}_F = {\mathrm{Folded}}\mathop { \cap }\nolimits {\mathrm{Unbound}}$$\end{document}$, $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\mathrm{Core}}_U = {\mathrm{Unfolded}}\mathop { \cap }\nolimits {\mathrm{Unbound}}$$\end{document}$. The folded and unfolded sets were defined as $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\{ x:Q(x) \, > \, 0.7\}$$\end{document}$ and $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\{ x:Q(x) \, < \, 0.02\}$$\end{document}$, respectively, with $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$Q(x)$$\end{document}$, the fraction of native hairpin contacts for conformation *x*, defined as:$$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$Q\left( x \right) = \mathop {\sum }\limits_{\left( {i,j} \right) \in {\mathrm{native}}} \frac{1}{{1 + \exp \left[ {\beta \left( {r_{ij}\left( x \right) - \gamma \sigma _{ij}} \right)} \right]}}$$\end{document}$$Here, the sum runs over DNA native contact pairs (*i*, *j*) defined as in Supplementary Table [6](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}, and the constants β (set to 50 nm^−1^) and γ (set to 1.4), respectively, control the steepness of the switching function and account for fluctuations within the native state. The Bound core set was defined by $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\{ x:d_{{\mathrm{min}}}\left( x \right) \, < \, 0.7\,{\mathrm{nm}} \wedge n_{{\mathrm{inter}}}\left( x \right) \, > \, 70\}$$\end{document}$, where *d*~min~(*x*) is the minimum of all pair distances between protein and DNA beads in conformation *x*, and *n*~intex~(*x*) is the number of intermolecular contacts (i.e., number of protein-DNA atom pairs less than 1.0 nm apart). Similarly, the unbound set was defined as $\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\{ x:d_{{\mathrm{min}}}\left( x \right) \, > \, 4\,{\mathrm{nm}} \wedge n_{{\mathrm{inter}}}\left( x \right) \, < \, 1\}$$\end{document}$. Rate coefficients for transitions between states were determined using a lifetime-based method^[@CR66]^.
To mimic the confining effect of the chaperone on the DNA, a bias potential was obtained by fitting a smooth curve *V*~bias~ to the difference between the free energy surface projected onto the radius of gyration, *r*~g~ of the isolated DNA and the DNA in complex with the chaperone (note that we follow the convention here of using lowercase *r*~g~ to refer to the radius of gyration of an individual conformation, and uppercase *R*~g~ for the ensemble average). The exact bias used was (with *V*~bias~ in units of kJ/mol and *r*~g~ in nm):$$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$V_{{\mathrm{bias}}}\left( {r_{\mathrm{g}}} \right) = \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} { - 49.302 + 27.525r_{\mathrm{g}} - 4.7448r_{\mathrm{g}}^2 + 0.27657r_{\mathrm{g}}^3} & {{\mathrm{for}}\,r_{\mathrm{g}} \, < \, 5.7186} \\ {2.4204 + 0.39127r_{\mathrm{g}}} & {{\mathrm{otherwise}}} \end{array}} \right.,$$\end{document}$$which is continuous and differentiable everywhere. This bias was then applied as an external potential to the radius of gyration of the DNA without chaperone using PLUMED^[@CR67],[@CR68]^ ([www.plumed.org](https://www.plumed.org)). The potential was implemented using cubic splines with control points defined every 0.005 nm using the above equation. The folding equilibrium and kinetics of the DNA in the presence and absence of this external potential were compared to the corresponding kinetics in the presence of the NCD. A similar lifetime-based kinetic model was used, in this case with only two states defined using folded and unfolded as core sets.
Salt-induced compaction of unfolded hairpin {#Sec20}
-------------------------------------------
The salt-induced compaction of the unfolded DNA is fit using a worm-like chain model^[@CR69]--[@CR71]^, which describes the end-to-end distance (*r*) distribution of a polymer chain in terms of the persistence length (*l*~p~), the contour length (*l*~c~), and a normalization constant (*C*):$$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$P(r) = \frac{{4\pi {\mathrm{C}}r^2}}{{l_{\mathrm{c}}^2\left[ {1 - \left( {r/l_{\mathrm{c}}} \right)^2} \right]^{9/2}}}{\mathrm{exp}}\left( { - \frac{{3l_{\mathrm{c}}}}{{4l_{\mathrm{p}}\left[ {1 - \left( {r/l_{\mathrm{c}}} \right)^2} \right]}}} \right).$$\end{document}$$
Odijk-Skolnick-Fixman (OSF) theory^[@CR72],[@CR73]^ describes how the electrostatic component of the persistence length (^elec^*l*~p~) of a polyelectrolyte depends on the ionic strength of the solution via ^elec^*l*~p~ = *l*~B~/4*κ*^2^*A*^2^, where *l*~B~ is the Bjerrum length, *κ*^−1^ is the Debye length, and *A* is the effective segment length in the absence of electrostatics. The total effective persistence length is thus *l*~*p*~ = ^elec^*l*~p~ + *A*, and the contour length of the chain is *l*~c~ = *NA*, where *N* is the number of effective chain segments. Since only the values of *N* and *A* are unknown for our unfolded DNA, they are treated as fit parameters, where any given combination of *N* and *A* gives rise to a unique salt dependence of 〈*r*〉. Although the best fit gives rise to a chain with many (*N* = 210 ± 10) small segments (*A* = 0.05 ± 0.01 nm), the product of these two values is 10.5 nm, which is a reasonable contour length for our single-stranded nucleic acid.
Reporting summary {#Sec21}
-----------------
Further information on research design is available in the [Nature Research Reporting Summary](#MOESM6){ref-type="media"} linked to this article.
Supplementary information
=========================
{#Sec22}
Supplementary Information Supplementary Movie 1 Supplementary Movie 2 Supplementary Software Peer Review File Reporting Summary Description of Additional Supplementary Files
Source Data File
**Journal peer review information:** *Nature Communications* thanks Philip Bevilacqua, Carlo Camilloni and the other anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Peer reviewer reports are available.
**Publisher's note:** Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
=========================
**Supplementary Information** accompanies this paper at 10.1038/s41467-019-10356-0.
The authors thank Franziska Zosel for helpful discussions regarding data analysis and the Functional Genomics Center Zurich for expert mass spectrometry analysis. Support for this work was provided by the Swiss National Science Foundation (to B.S.) and the European Molecular Biology Organization (to E.D.H., ATLF 471-2015). R.B.B. was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIDDK at the National Institutes of Health. This work utilized the computational resources of the NIH HPC Biowulf cluster (<http://hpc.nih.gov>).
The project was conceptualized and supervised by E.D.H., R.B.B. and B.S. Data curation and analysis was carried out by E.D.H., Z.L. and R.B.B. Research funds were acquired by E.D.H., R.B.B. and B.S. Scientific investigations were conducted by E.D.H., Z.L. and R.B.B., with methodological developments provided by E.D.H., D.N., R.B.B. and B.S. Administrative aspects of the project were overseen by E.D.H. and B.S. The project resources were provided by R.B.B. and B.S. Software development was carried out by E.D.H., D.N. and R.B.B. Data validation was overseen by E.D.H., R.B.B. and B.S. Visualization of data was performed by E.D.H. and R.B.B. The original draft was written by E.D.H. with edits and revisions provided by E.D.H., D.N., R.B.B. and B.S.
Data supporting the findings of this manuscript are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request. A reporting summary for this Article is available as a Supplementary Information file. The source data underlying mean values and gel images in Figure panels [1](#MOESM8){ref-type="media"}c, d, [2](#MOESM8){ref-type="media"}a--d, [3c, e](#MOESM8){ref-type="media"}, and [4c, d](#MOESM8){ref-type="media"} in addition to Supplementary Figure panels [1](#MOESM8){ref-type="media"}c, [2](#MOESM8){ref-type="media"}a, b, [4](#MOESM8){ref-type="media"}a, [5](#MOESM8){ref-type="media"}b, [6](#MOESM8){ref-type="media"}a, b, and [10b, c, f](#MOESM8){ref-type="media"} are provided as a Source Data file.
Example input files for running the coarse-grained model in Gromacs ([www.gromacs.org](http://www.gromacs.org)) are provided in a compressed archive (initial coordinates, topology files, run input and auxiliary files, and a summary README file) as Supplementary Software (Simulation_Models.tgz). A custom WSTP add-on for Mathematica (Wolfram Research) used for the analysis of single-molecule fluorescence data is available upon request.
The authors declare no competing interests.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '3a29ca6fc88f498c218175e26c92efb6a0609e989afdf4e39041cd0585746e6e'} |
Elections Board's pick for deputy director an example of racism and cronyism: letter to the editor
Other Voices By Other Voices
on March 02, 2013 at 4:06 AM
On Feb. 22, I witnessed a blatant act of racism at the Cuyahoga County Board of Elections that still stuns me. The vacant position of deputy director was to be filled that day. Being familiar with most of the candidates under consideration, I believed that the most experienced candidate would be given that job. At the appointed time, the board chair, who happens to be a black woman, nominated a black man for the position. She spent several minutes outlining his credentials, experience, past contributions to the field of voting and his connections with the citizens of this county and the state of Ohio. To the naked eye, the brother was well qualified for the position with expertise in voting procedures, voting machines, election supervision skills and community relations.
Every Board of Elections consists of four members, with each major political party represented by two citizens from that county. By Ohio law, the chair of the board and the director of the board must be of opposite party affiliation. The director and the deputy director must also belong to different parties, meaning that the chair and the deputy director will always be of the same party.
In many instances, the board members vote along party lines. In this case, the chair made a nomination that was seconded by her fellow Democrat on the board. Such matters require a roll call vote of the members. To our astonishment, the second Democrat said he could not vote for the black man, so the chair's motion failed. That action alone seemed to violate fundamental parliamentary procedures. Instead, the second Democratic member of the board made his own motion for a less-qualified white employee of the board. He said that he thought it best to promote from within. That motion was seconded by a Republican member, and the three of them proceeded to select that person for the position of deputy director.
One audience member requested that the board introduce the new deputy and give his qualifications. It never happened. The deputy was immediately sworn in. He gave a little speech, saying that he hoped to continue the progress of the board, but he would not say how he was qualified to run the operations of the board. We later discovered that he has been a five-year employee of the board as the director of the Human Resources Department. We do not know if he has ever been to a ward club meeting or assembled a voting device or trained a poll worker or counted votes or registered a single voter.
Another citizen expressed his dismay that the Elections Board was going backward in the percentage of employees who reflect the community at the same time that the voting population of Cuyahoga County is growing more diverse.
I was extremely disappointed to see the local Elections Board return to an era of mostly white leadership. The employee pool, including decision making, supervisory personnel, does not reflect this urban community. The new deputy has not worked his way up the ranks. He is the latest beneficiary of the old-boy, "business as usual" club.
Once again, qualifications do not matter. Having friends at the top does the trick.
Lang D. Dunbar Jr., Shaker Heights | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9786944389343262}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '87406', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:B6NJMU3DBUWU36AR4TQQ6X2JSWEMBGIM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:6fe90bb5-ee06-4b3c-9c27-0ae8df42bfd9>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 11, 20, 34, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.0.160.11', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6YZKU2ICYYJJADXIUG47QDPOCS2OWS2W', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e2439df1-83ee-4586-bb51-fc78a800136c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://blog.cleveland.com/letters/2013/03/elections_boards_pick_for_depu.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e369ec18-dda3-4d08-ab0b-71576c2fb129>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '566', 'url': 'http://blog.cleveland.com/letters/2013/03/elections_boards_pick_for_depu.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02730536460876465', 'original_id': 'd36ed6bf05957c15e28a257422e5b338f031f30bac831379ceeb33a08943eb74'} |
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Frances Kelsey to get VIU honorary doctorate
Thursday, May 24, 2012 - 6:30 PM
By Carmen Weld
A Cobble Hill woman, now in her 90's, is being recognized for her contribution to medicine and science by Vancouver Island University.
History professor Cherly Warsh told SunFM News that Dr. Frances Kelsey is receiving an honorary doctorate for arguing that the drug thalidomide was causing birth defects in the mid-century. Mothers had been taken the drug for morning sickness.
“It had different birth defects; it can cause deafness, blindness, and all kinds of internal problems. But it also had a distinctive deformity in that children would be born without arms or legs, but they would have feet and hands.”
Kelsey took a historic stand at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1960 when she refused to approve the release of the drug thalidomide in the United States.
Marsh said Kelsey’s research was pivotal to all mothers.
“It really changed the mind set of doctors, gynecologists and pregnant women. Because there had been this belief, basically by the medical profession, that the womb was almost like a safe and that it didn’t really matter too much what a mother ingested or ate or drank or anything, the fetus would develop as it would regardless.”
In the Cowichan Valley, Frances Kelsey Secondary is named in her honour.
She was also given the Congressional Medal of Honor by President Kennedy and had an asteroid was named after her.
Kelsey now lives in Baltimore in her 90’s; she only retired three years ago.
The ceremony will take place at VIU June 5., and they hope that either Kelsey's daughter or grandson will be attending in her place.
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Overcrowding in hospital emergency departments is a world-wide crisis resulting in long wait times and detriments to patient safety. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) is sometimes an early indicator of perfusion status in patients experiencing undifferentiated shock in emergency room triage settings. By indicating the need for, and allowing the start of, fluid and antibiotic therapy, monitoring StO2 in an emergency room triage setting can help identify high-risk patients in need of immediate attention and focus scarce emergency room resources on the most critical patients. High-risk patients who receive immediate StO2 monitoring in an emergency room setting have been shown to receive effective interventions sooner, resulting in significant reductions in ICU admission, length of stay, morbidity, and mortality.
Near infrared (NIR) spectrometer systems for measuring tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) are known and disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,947,054 to Benni and U.S. Pat. No. 6,377,840 to Gritsenko et al., each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
The Benni patent discloses a spectrometer utilizing four laser diodes to provide discreet measurement radiation within the 700 nm to 1000 nm wavelength range. The use of laser diodes as the radiation source requires relatively complicated power controls and safety interlock controls. Coupled to each laser diode is a multimode optical fiber having a core diameter of 200 μm. A dual ball lens optical coupler assembly couples the fibers from each laser diode to a single multimode fiber having a core diameter of 300 μm, which connects to the patient interface. The patient interface is designed to be reused multiple times and includes a prism assembly to direct measurement radiation to the patient's measurement site and an EMI shielded photodiode assembly for receiving reflected radiation from the measurement site. A shielded electrical cable interconnects the photodiode assembly to the spectrometer's system processor. Frequent handling, detachment and reattachment of the patient interface subjects the single multimode 300 μm diameter fiber to multiple bending stresses, which can lead to premature failure of the fiber. Additionally, manufacturing the patient interface is made more complex and is thus more costly since the prism and EMI shielded photodiode assemblies are incorporated into the patient interface.
The Gritsenko et al. patent discloses a spectrometer utilizing four LED's to provide discreet measurement radiation at wavelengths of 680 nm, 720 nm, 760 nm and 800 nm, respectively. The spectrometer includes an electronics package, an optical probe for interfacing with the patient measurement site, and a probe connector for coupling the optical probe to the electronics package. The electronics package includes a processor/controller and a relatively complex optical bench for detecting and processing radiation that has been reflected from the measurement site. The optical probe connector includes the measurement source and reference LED's, an electrical connector for connecting the LED's to the electronics package, optical fibers for transmitting measurement and reflected radiation to and from the optical probe, and optical connector ferrules for connecting reference and reflected radiation to the optical bench. The optical bench comprises a series of mirrors, band pass filters, and photomultiplier tube sensors. In operation, measurement radiation from the 680 nm, 720 nm, 760 nm, and 800 nm LED's is transmitted simultaneously to the tissue within the measurement site. Radiation reflected from the measurement site is transmitted to the optical bench via the optical probe connector where it is separated into discreet wavelength components. The optical probe that interfaces with the patient measurement site is connected to the optical probe connector by an optical fiber bundle comprising a single fiber for each of the measurement radiation LED's and a single fiber for transmitting reflected radiation.
There remains a need for a portable, hand-held spectrometer for quickly and efficiently measuring tissue oxygenation. To be commercially viable, any such spectrometer must be easy to use, easy to maintain, and cost effective to manufacture. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'cd208663f227ff9e36835ffd18f5cd70821fa9d7d4e0b5acd333358ebc05693d'} |
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UV Lamps, Air Purifiers, Sanitizing Tunnels...What Health Tech Does Your Business Really Need?
There's a lot of tech out there without a lot of science. Here's what we do know about what works & what doesn't...
We know that businesses across the world are being bombarded by salespeople offering the latest and greatest anti-viral tech - from sanitizing booths to HEPA filters to UV wands, there’s a lot of products out there without a lot of clear science.
Here’s what we do know:
UVC light works - but with serious limitations
Studies show that ultraviolet-C light can be used to kill virus particles for SARS, a similar virus to the one that causes COVID, and can be used to disinfect surfaces. Hospitals use this technology, as have some public transportation systems like the NY subways.
But there are a few caveats:
First, UVC light can be harmful for humans, so it should generally only be used when people aren’t around. It can cause burns, generate ozone which irritates airways, can degrade certain plastics and other materials, and, as if this didn’t sound dangerous enough, some UV lamps have mercury in them, which can be very harmful if the lamp breaks.
Second, UVC light has to have a direct line of sight with the virus to effectively break down the proteins that cause it to kill coronaviruses. Dust, debris, fluid or anything else in the way blocks the radiation that kills the virus. So, a UV lamp wouldn’t do a lot of good to sanitize a dirty countertop, plus would never sanitize the edges and underside of that counter, for example.
A far more effective and safe way to use UVC is inside air ducts to disinfect the air. The FDA says “this is the safest way to employ UVC radiation” because it avoids direct exposure to human skins or eyes.
HEPA filters and increased ventilation are effective and proven
There’s no question that good HEPA filters and increased ventilation do help to reduce the transmission of Coronavirus. There are plenty of studies at this point that show that the virus is airborne, and anything we can do to create airflows, increase ventilation, and filter small particles from the air is good. Investing in additional portable filters or upping your ventilation is a good idea, and one that will be increasingly important as we head into winter and see more people gathering indoors.
Cold fogging may be useful, but only after a known COVID+ case
Cold fogging, or having an outside service come in to spray down your business, can be an effective tool after cleaning (remember -- cleaning and sanitizing are two totally different things!). But as soon as employees and customers walk back in the door, they are bringing their dirty hands, breath, viruses and bacteria right back into your building, so it’s really just a snapshot in time that you’ll be 100% sanitized. This can be useful, however, after you’ve had a known positive COVID case on site. It’s also a concrete action that makes employees and guests feel safer after a positive case.
Be sure that the cleaning service is using safe and EPA-approved sanitizers, but remember that all of the approved sanitizers to kill COVID-19 specifically are applied by spray or wipe, so anything you’re fogging with is likely approved to kill other viruses like the Flu - still, it’s reasonable to assume they are effective, but should be used in addition to a thorough cleaning and sanitizing with EPA-approved sanitizers that specifically are listed as killing SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19..
Sanitizing tunnels, UVA and UVB light are dangerous and not very effective
Sanitizing tunnels are specifically not recommended by the CDC because there’s no evidence that they’re effective and the chemicals used in them can be harmful to skin, eyes, and lungs - yikes...
UVA and UVB have varying effectiveness for killing viruses, and are more harmful to humans, and should generally be avoided. Far-UVC is a newer technology that may be less harmful for human skin and eyes, but is still in the very early stages of research and isn’t known whether it’s fully effective.
Other solutions we’ve seen advertised are even less researched, like ultrasonic waves and LED blue light. These have very little research out there right now, and almost no regulation.
Do your research & be careful
According to Penn Medicine, “the safety and efficacy of many UV light devices sold to the public are not routinely reviewed, so these should be used with caution.” UV radiation, LED blue light, ultrasonic waves, and all sorts of other solutions are being touted as cure-alls but need to be approached with caution and a healthy dose of skepticism.
What we know works safely are good ventilation and filtration systems, and UVC light in the air ducts to sanitize in conjunction with a strong air filter. Any other solutions range from unproven against COVID-19 to dangerous.
When buying a product, read reviews, check for a manual that includes careful instructions (including duration and dose for UV lights), and if possible, spring for something that is used in healthcare settings.
Remember, these tools are just part of the solution!
Air purification, UV lamps, and sanitizing surfaces are all good methods to help reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19. But they are only part of the battle against the spread. They don’t account for person-to-person transmission. The best HEPA filter or UV lamps in the world won’t be any match for the large droplets that may spew from someone’s mouth as they cough or speak. Wearing a mask and washing hands often are still crucial in preventing the transmission of the virus, as is maintaining 6ft of distance and avoiding large gatherings.
We should not have a false sense of security from these high-tech mitigators, and should still focus on social distancing, mask wearing, hand washing, and staying home when sick as our best defenses.
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Sunday, 20 December 2015
Star Wars for the Sega Master System
I haven't seen the new Star Wars film yet (no spoilers, please), but back in the dim and distant, during the early 1990s in fact, there was a mini-Star Wars revival well before the prequels and special editions were thought of. Spurring this flurry of interest was the release of several Star Wars games across several formats, including this one that hit European shores on the NES and Game Boy in 1992 and the Game Gear and Master System a year later. It spawned sequels for Nintendo's machines, and totally different 'super' games for the brand spanking new Super Nintendo. To be honest, by the time this had come out on the Master System I'd pretty much lost interest in games but just had to have it when it turned up in a lovely stack of carts found by one of my councillor comrades.
This game and I have a little bit of history. Up until 2012 Star Wars held the accolade of being the only NES title I had ever played, and that was briefly in a long-forgotten computer shop in Derby about where M&S currently stands. Or is it Debenhams? The game also kept me company when my brother borrowed it for his Game Boy and ... I was hopeless at it. Back then it was by far one of the hardest console games around. It had slightly slippery controls, the annoying NES "bounce back" (i.e. involuntary leaping backwards when hit/touched by an enemy - a feature of many 8-bit Nintendo games), enemies with annoying attack patterns, and weapons that were distinctly underpowered.
The game starts you off as Luke Skywalker flying about Tattooine in the old Landspeeder. The aim here is to find Obi-Wan, rescue R2-D2 from the Jawas (I don't remember them wielding huge guns in the film), and pick up bits and pieces before heading to Mos Eisley. This is where you hook up with Han Solo and you're off. Unusually for a film license, the levels, with some concessions to video game design, follow the plotting fairly closely. Once you're offworld you have to guide the Millennium Falcon through a first person asteroid debris field, then it's wander-around-the-Death-Star time, deactivating the tractor beam, rescuing Leia, and escaping the trash compactor (unfortunately, you don't replay Obi-Wan's light sabre duel with Darth Vader). With the platforming done, our heroes escape while fending off Tie-Fighters, before switching to the rebel assault on the Death Star and the final trench run - seen from above. It's a game that, rare for the time, brought together different styles under one roof. Nor was it a quick knock-off to capitalise on the lucrative licence; some thought has gone in to reproducing the film's key sequences.
The Master System port, gameplay-wise, is virtually identical to its Nintendo counterparts. The same "challenging" mechanics are present, except the graphics are spruced up and the soundtrack has received a decent makeover. For a system not known for its audio acrobatics, the programmers did a good job of wringing top tuneage out of the MS's weedy sound chip. And yes, it's bloody, bloody hard. It's one of them you would have needed weeks of spare time and infinite patience to get through 20-odd years ago - thank goodness for save states and walkthroughs.
What Master System Star Wars demonstrates, as well as its brethren on the other systems, is yet another marked shift in game culture. These modern views pan it for some distinctly unfriendly features, whereas upon its release Star Wars was very well received. As we've seen before, tough difficulty bordering on unfair was par the course in yesteryear. Thanks to hardware and memory limitations, games had to be relatively simple affairs. And yet they had to command enough attention to prevent the punter feeling ripped off, so a steep challenge was considered an appropriate answer to the challenge of game longevity. There is nothing in Star Wars that hadn't already featured in dozens of other 8-bit platformers. Irksome movement momentum, leaps of faith, unfairly-placed enemies, this was par the course. For players who either didn't grow up with the demands some games made, or if more mature players have grown habituated to having their hands held by modern interfaces, a game like this can appear downright disrespectful. But no, all it required was patience - if you expect instant pow-wow, you will be destroyed.
Overall, there's a good game here if you're prepared to take it on its own terms. Not a timeless classic, but a worthwhile spin.
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(Washington, DC – Sept. 16, 2018) Sharon McGowan, Lambda Legal Chief Strategy Officer and Legal Director, issued the following statement:
“Nearly twenty-seven years ago, Anita Hill was vilified for coming forward to tell her story. History must not repeat itself in 2018. Dr. Ford must be treated with the dignity and respect that was not afforded to Ms. Hill.
“The deeply disturbing allegations demand a thorough investigation. We are pleased that a number of Senators from both parties have recognized that the Senate has an obligation to the country to delay any further consideration of Brett Kavanaugh’s nomination to a lifetime position on the Supreme Court until such an investigation can take place. This should not be a partisan issue. At this moment, Republicans and Democrats – men and women alike – have an opportunity to do more than just talk about their commitment to taking issues of sexual assault seriously. Now is their opportunity to take concrete action to back up those words.
“This nomination process has already been tainted by the failure to disclose key information in Brett Kavanaugh’s record, and by the nominee’s apparent inability to provide truthful testimony under oath about his prior actions and his views on issues of critical importance to millions of people. Moving ahead with this nomination before these serious allegations can be investigated will do lasting and irreparable damage to the credibility of the Supreme Court and the U.S. Senate. It is not too late, but in order to avoid this catastrophic outcome, men and women in the Senate must put integrity and principle above partisanship.” | mini_pile | {'original_id': '1e93082e9fe0b60739b95f83e11105bb9d516b976820f90da9173e664c768798'} |
Enemies of the environment
RECENTLY, an environmental campaign was started by a Green group the Association of Sudair that called on people to start and sustain a drive to plant more than 100,000 trees in the next ten years. About 250 people, mostly young people in addition to some elderly, participated in this green drive and managed to plant more than 6,000 trees. The campaign was well organized and systematic.
The volunteers, dressed in uniforms, were given free saplings and were then asked to plant it in a specified place. Many other organizations too participated in this green drive by providing the organizers with these plants. The organizers’ aim was to increase the green space by selecting and planting types of trees that can survive in a harsh environment that suffers from lack of water.
Another Green initiative was begun in the Eastern Province city of Al-Ahsa to plant trees in a public park. Again, volunteers and students carried out the task of planting over two million trees in this park and in other locations in the surrounding areas. This is part of the initiative by the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture to plant over 10,000,000 trees around the Kingdom as part of the 2020 National Transformation Program.
The ‘Go Green’ drive has primarily two main objectives — one to stand as a barrier against movement of sands (desertification) by building a natural fence to stem this creeping disaster while also helping in combating pollution thus contributing in creating a healthy society — a major goal of Saudi Vision 2030.
This is music to our ears and a great step forward to protect our environment from the ‘enemies of environment’. It was common and still a practice to take down trees for wood that was mostly used as fuel. The weather is getting nicer these days and with the onset of winter, we will see people going camping in the desert and in the process cut down trees to use wood for fire.
The practice of cutting down trees randomly and in large numbers is seen everywhere and they do it without any fear of government authorities acting against them. What is shocking is that some people pour acid around the tree to kill the roots before taking it down. Not only that, but they take the extra wood to a public market and sell it openly.
They simply don’t care about how badly their callous act affects the environment as long as they can earn a few riyals. Despite the fact that the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture is providing imported woods as an alternative to people who want them, the ‘enemies of the environment’ insist on killing the environment with their ax or any other instrument that would help them decimate trees.
Honestly, sometimes I question myself, whether we really know what the word ‘environment’ actually means? The action, or even lack of it sometimes, around us shows that the overwhelming majority lacks the basic knowledge about environment and on the importance to protect environment, as it is an ancillary need for humans’ survival.
If we look at beaches, large number of families leaves their trash behind to be picked up by cleaners, even if the garbage can or basket is just a few meters away. Some simply throw the waste in the sea and it washes over the shore and creates a dirty image. The presence of waste and garbage also affects siltation and beach drift that could affect the shoreline. If it was not for the efforts of volunteers who care and carry out cleaning drive campaigns and the constant efforts of the cleaning workers, then we would have the ugliest shores, whose lines could have altered with the movement of sand and water.
The same is seen with people’s penchant for hunting migrating birds and wild animals in large numbers mostly for sports. This shows a great lack of understanding toward the environment. I have sadly seen in many video clips, groups of young people hunting for small migratory birds without any clue of what this natural flight entails.
The flights of these birds herald the changes in the climate as well as provide enthusiasts knowledge of the types of global habitat that these birds prefer and visit, in addition to the directional map they offer. But the shrinking of their habitats and human predatory actions have culled the numbers while also putting some of them on the endangered list. It is so sad when we see them taking the air rifle and practice their sniping abilities, and most of the time leaving behind dead birds.
There are many studies on the benefits of planting trees and protecting the environment. It combats climate change, provides oxygen and clean air, brings back wild life, especially migrating birds, it saves water and prevents water pollution in addition to preventing soil erosion. If we really care about the environment we should at least read the benefits before playing our part in this growing green movement.
The green initiative only shows that the level of responsibility toward our environment is growing, and that is a positive sign. Involving the young children in these drives positively affects them, for they carry this positive message from their childhood into their adulthood and become one more silent soldier in the growing Green army, who if not actively helping will at least be there to stop the ones who act without a thought.
It is my belief that environmentally friendly campaigns should be carried out on a monthly basis and it should always involve children. We should not wait for the ‘Tree Week’ to carry out a green drive and then forget about it for the rest of the year. For a sustainable world we need to sustain the drive throughout our lifetime.
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County Dating
Widower Warren Cooper never ever would certainly possess fulfilled the skydiving piano instructor in the course of his day-to-day live. She resided 90 miles away, and they had no buddies alike. In 2005, three years after dropping his wife of 46 years to digestive tract cancer, the retired oil geologist had moved from Houston to the East Texas Piney Forest, on Sam Houston Electric Cooperative product lines, where he developed a home coming from plans he found on the Internet.
single farmers website
&ldquo;& ldquo; I like the reclusiveness out listed below, & rdquo; says Cooper, that is healthy as well as in good condition at 72. &ldquo;& ldquo; But in some cases there&rsquo;& rsquo; s excessive solitude
. & rdquo; He tried the singles group in Livingston, 10 kilometers to the east as well as the closest city, and also he maintained his eyes open at Sunday services at the Methodist church, however none of the unattached girls were his kind. The piano instructor was actually adventuresome as well as cultured. As a former Soldiers paratrooper, Cooper found the combination specifically appealing. Like his house plannings, he discovered her on the web, within this case on, where one-month packages begin at $34. Established in 1995, the Dallas-based company uses a staff of 340 and includes $350 thousand in yearly profits. claims it has 15 million subscribers, and neck-and-neck competing eHarmony ( states to possess greater than 20 million recorded customers. A lot of these people reside in metropolitan areas and suburbs, however an increasing number reside in towns or even on farms as well as ranches. For nation singles, electronic matchmaking is a logical selection.
When a male lifestyle in the hinterlands drops a husband or wife to breakup or even death, or even a female in the metropolitan area chooses she&rsquo;& rsquo; s ready to quit the unmarried live, choices for locating prospective companions abound: Social and also sports occasions, religions as well as civic nightclubs, bars and also gyms, also food stores as well as shopping center put all of them touching dozens of possible companions. Although beginning a conversation may be an obstacle (&ldquo;& ldquo; Perform you happened below usually?&rdquo; &ldquo;& rdquo; & ldquo; Exactly how do you prepare pastas squash?&rdquo;& rdquo;-RRB-, at the very least the pool of candidates is actually deep.
But for non-urban songs, the swimming pool is shallow. Individuals of a town of 1,200 already know each other; therefore if they don&rsquo;& rsquo; t fancy the just recently divorced person responsible for the counter at the feed establishment or even the dowager 3 seats ahead in religion, they&rsquo;& rsquo; re&mdash;placed. Or even they were– until the arrival of Net dating. Amidst pictures published of men standing beside their Porsches and ladies in Anne Klein tropical drink fits are actually farmers astride modern John Deeres as well as cowgirls combing champion Santa clam Gertrudis.
The passion along with the sky-diving piano teacher fizzled, however Cooper soldiers on. His objective is actually to meet somebody every Sunday. Usually, after trading emails along with a suit as well as exploring by phone, Cooper will definitely create a lunch date. He might steer one hundred kilometers each technique to a bistro; and also 3 breaks of 4, that first appointment is actually the final. Still, he finds it worth the effort.
&ldquo;& ldquo; I & rsquo; ve encountered all sort of intriguing individuals,&rdquo; & rdquo; he points out. & ldquo; I & rsquo; ve knew that every person is actually totally different, however I do believe that what people put in their profile pages is what they truly yearn for.&rdquo;
& rdquo; His longest Internet-sparked partnership lasted many years however finished since the female intended to obtain wed as well as he didn&rsquo;& rsquo; t– a desire he&rsquo;& rsquo;d explained on his submitted profile page. Yet another determined she didn&rsquo;& rsquo; t even intend to satisfy him personally given that she was actually switched off by his passion of analysis, specifically his desire for historic nonfiction.
Greater than the moment, Cooper has possessed an in the beginning encouraging love fold when his possible partner discovered that she didn&rsquo;& rsquo; t like country lifestyle. He would certainly comply with a female from Houston, Beaumont or those metropolitan areas&rsquo; & rsquo; residential areas. They & rsquo;d walk out a few times, and as the relationship constructed, he&rsquo;& rsquo;d invite her to spend the weekend at his area. Many times, the budding romance had wilted through Sunday mid-day. &ldquo;& ldquo; I & rsquo; ve possessed ladies visit here and also certainly not such as the reclusiveness,&rdquo; & rdquo; Cooper reveals. & ldquo; If you & rsquo; re used to living in the urban area, it can be nightmarish.&rdquo;
& rdquo; That rural-urban separate cued Ohio business owner Jerry Miller to release ( and to ensure it at farming trade shows with a streamer announcing: &ldquo;& ldquo; Urban area Folks Merely Don&rsquo;& rsquo; t Receive It! & rdquo; Although he stays in a Cleveland residential area, Miller grew up in a rural area and also possesses a separate business firm satisfying farmers and also ranchers and also the businesses seeking to reach them.
&ldquo;& ldquo; I spoke to singular farmers and cowpokes all over the country and also uncovered they all possessed the same troubles,&rdquo; & rdquo; Miller discusses. &ldquo;& ldquo; They already understood everyone in their prompt regions. They didn&rsquo;& rsquo; t possess time to mingle. When they carried out locate time, they didn&rsquo;& rsquo; t intend to hang out at a bar. They desired to locate someone who comprehended their&rdquo;
lifestyle. & rdquo; The World wide web flaunts ratings of focused dating websites. Several pay attention to theological desire&mdash;– including JDate (for Jewish songs,, LDSRomances (for the Mormon area, and ( Others, including Indian Matrimonial Network (, serve nationwide origin. Regardless of the title, isn&rsquo;& rsquo; t merely for farmers, Miller notes. The much more than one hundred marital relationships from his site that he&rsquo;& rsquo; s had the ability to affirm feature one in between a cowboy and also a small-town schoolteacher. When a suit works out effectively, participants usually tend to permit their $15-a-month ($45-a-year) subscriptions gap, yet occasionally a pair will e-mail Miller gushing about their wedding celebration.
&ldquo;& ldquo; I met Brian final September 8 on FarmersOnly,&rdquo; & rdquo; Lisa McGregor of Shady Shores, southeast of Denton, composed Miller. &ldquo;& ldquo; We wed January 17, 2009! Brian as well as I are an excellent match, as well as we understood it practically from the beginning.&rdquo;
& rdquo; At 50, McGregor, a management assistant at a Denton health center, had actually certainly never wed. She was awaiting an accurate true love, a man that shared her interests and values. She just liked country folks, ranchers as well as farmers, however she possessed however to come across the best one. &ldquo;& ldquo; You & rsquo; re thus minimal in who you meet and who&rsquo;& rsquo; s around you, & rdquo; she mentioned of small-town dating. Then listed below, on a non-urban Internet site, was Brian Jones, a 51-year-old third-generation cattle, lambs and steed ranchman from Thermopolis, Wyoming. Faith played a necessary job in each of their lives. (Jones discovered coming from his mother, that became aware of it in church.) And he shared McGregor&rsquo;& rsquo; s love of swap meet as well as Old West reenactments. He boiled down to Texas to encounter her. A month later, they were undertaken.
McGregor and Jones married in her mom&rsquo;& rsquo; s backyard. She put on a genuine 1890s wedding event outfit; he wore his chaps and also hat. Today they stay in Shady Shores.
&ldquo;& ldquo; I acquired my true cowboy, thanks to The lord as well as!&rdquo; & rdquo; she claimed. Four years after its own launch, possesses more than 100,000 members nationwide, consisting of much more than 3,300 females and more than 1,700 guys in Texas.
Although Darice Russell, separated as well as 48, has yet to fulfill her ideal match, she&rsquo;& rsquo; s been actually a pleased participant for 2 1/2 years. Russell benefits AT&T in Lubbock doing computer-assisted concept. She stays 19 miles away, 4 miles beyond Slaton, population regarding 6,100, and gets her power from South Plains Electric Cooperative. She brings up pets, cats, goats and also a bunny, together with 6 parrots.
Clarifying her preference for, Russell mentions: &ldquo;& ldquo; The pictures were actually so much more enjoyable than those on You see these fellas on their tractors & hellip; as well as when you understand them, they&rsquo;& rsquo; re a whole lot even more&rdquo; sensible. & rdquo; She also likes the assortment, keeping in mind that she when met a man online that created his residing damaging mules.
&ldquo;& ldquo; When the person in the future placed his goats on my residential or commercial property, I stated that on my profile page,&rdquo; & rdquo; she recollects. & ldquo; Afterwards, I got all these smash hits from men who wished to discuss goats.&rdquo;
& rdquo; Russell suches as the pace of rural e-dating. She mentions the males often tend to be happy to take the time for a relationship to build as well as to become more gentlemanly and enchanting than their city equivalents. Most importantly, they share her way of living. &ldquo;& ldquo; Everyone knows that you have jobs at home, like creatures to look after,&rdquo; & rdquo; she states. & ldquo; Everybody comprehends what it&rsquo;& rsquo; s like when it rains as well as your roadway washes out.&rdquo;
& rdquo; That & rsquo; s vital early in a relationship when an enchanting weekend break away requires locating a person to slop the hogs as well as dairy the cows. It&rsquo;& rsquo; s even more necessary if a relationship gets serious and the prospective relationship partners both like their farms and also have to make a decision which location to lease out&mdash;– his or even hers. For rural Texans, possibly discussing a lifestyle implies accepting the problems and also happiness of country residing. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '22', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9538711905479432}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '96766', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OUBBQAQNI4EE2JDNJYKTMTO4T4DOQQO2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e63c4aab-3138-4a09-a602-1bcf3ad30f42>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 16, 3, 1, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.222.109.196', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WKENPE35XKBDUWQPHZ62RVZLJZRV2HQZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d6ba0a10-0e1e-4df7-82be-de7c1b2723dc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://saben.com.np/category/county-dating-126/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:77656a5c-7c3b-463e-8124-cd7d7b9ce51d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1613', 'url': 'https://saben.com.np/category/county-dating-126/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-120.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.11533838510513306', 'original_id': '08bedb316f1886aad3d3c1905b8d34d74863df9366c1571203631c3c4b78479d'} |
BELCHER, Commissioner.
The conviction is for shoplifting; the punishment, $50 and 15 days in jail.
The appellant and another were charged and tried jointly. In the same charge, the court submitted to the jury the question of the guilt of both parties. The single ver-diet of the jury found " fendant guilty as charged the de- * !>
It is impossible to determine whether one or both of the parties were found guilty by the jury.
- The verdict is fatally defective and requires a reversal. Meyer v. State, 102: Tex.Cr.R. 615, 279 S.W. 460; Davidson v.. State, 131 Tex.Cr.R. 215, 97 S.W.2d 698;. Hines v. State, 48 Tex.Cr.R. 24, 85 S.W., 1057; Grayson v. State, 152 Tex.Cr.R. 62, 211 S.W.2d 749; 42 Tex.Jur. 468, Sec. 367.
The judgment is reversed and the cause is remanded.
Opinion approved by the Court..
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Assignment: Observation and Interviews
Version 1 December 2007
The point of this assignment is to look, ask, and listen, with the intention of understanding someone else's work, interactions with others, and uses of technology and information within a particular setting. This will also give each of you insight into a particular setting on campus, which, when shared collectively, should provide a number of examples of some of the particular places on campus and the things that occur there. These individually performed observations and interviews should be planned in conjunction with your project groupmates, and your writeups should be incorporated (in edited form) within your first project milestone.
Detailed requirements
Consider a particular place that the public has access to on another university campus where people carry out particular activities. This need not be the campus that you end up using for the balance of your milestone; you can use any campus for initial data gathering.
1. Provide a brief description of the campus that you have chosen. Is the campus urban, rural, or suburban? New or old? Sprawling or compact?
2. Provide a one sentence description of the specific "place" on the campus that you have chosen.
3. Write down your presuppositions (i.e. before you look, ask, or listen) about the following in relation to this particular place:
4. Only after you have done the above item: Go to this place and observe people there for at least 30 minutes. Take "field notes" that include a description of the physical setting, what "tools" people use, and what interactions people have with one another. After 30 minutes, based on your notes and recollections, answer the questions you already answered based on your presuppositions.
5. Only after you have done the above two items: Interview people having two different roles in this setting for 15 minutes each. Ask their consent to do so before starting the interview. Explain the purpose of the interview. Do not continue without this person's permission. Explain that no one but the other students in the class and your instructor will see their responses. And explain that they need not answer any questions that the do not want to, and can stop at any time.
Your interview should be guided by the following questions. Feel free to use a different order, to reword the questions, to elaborate, to ask for followups and clarification, and to have "off task" or tangential discussion. In other words, try to have a conversation with this person where you learn the answers to the following items by the end of this discussion.
Make sure to write down their answers as faithfully as possible.
6. Take a few photographs of this location. Prior to doing so, ask the people in that location for their permission to do so. Explain the purposes of the photographs. Do not include anyone in the photos who does not give you permission. Explain that no one but the other students in the class and your instructor will see these photos.
7. Finally, in writing, reflect on differences between these different ways of working (introspection, observation, interviewing). What did each one reveal? Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of each of these three methods.
Your writeup: what to hand in
Hand in: your description of the setting, your answers based on your presuppositions, your field notes (typed up), your answers based on your observations, your interview notes, your photographs, and your reflective comments on the three methods of working.
Hand in your assignment softcopy and hardcopy. For the hardcopy handin, please try to minimize paper use. For the softcopy handin, use the "Observation and Interview" assignment of the "TCSS 452 Assignments" dropbox of the Collect It Catalyst tool.
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Scientists Discover Critical Molecule of Sperm Motility
Posted Leave a commentPosted in Health, Research, Science
sperm movement
Sperm begin their run to the ovum when they recognize changes in the surroundings through a progression of calcium channels masterminded like hustling stripes on their tails. A group of Yale specialists has recognized a key molecule that arranges the opening and shutting of these channels, a procedure that enacts sperm and guides them to the egg.
At the point when the gene that encodes for the molecule is evacuated through gene editing, male mice impregnate less females, and females who are impregnated produce less pups. Additionally, the sperm of the changed male mice are less dynamic and prepare less eggs in lab tries, the Yale analysts report in the journal Cell.
The calcium channel complex adjusted on a sperm’s tail is called CatSper. CatSper has different protein subunits. One of those subunits is in charge of controlling the action and the plan of pores on a sperm’s tail. This helps with sperm motility towards the egg.
The calcium channel complex adjusted on a sperm’s tail, called CatSper, is developmentally monitored crosswise over numerous species and comprises of different subunits, however “we didn’t have a clue what each did,” said Jean-Ju Chung, professor of cell and molecular physiology and senior author of the paper.
Past examinations neglected to distinguish the careful instrument in CatSper that enables sperm to react to prompts, for example, corrosiveness levels along the female reproductive tract and trigger changes in their motility to more readily explore to the egg. Chung’s lab screened all sperm proteins to distinguish which ones cooperated with the CatSper channel complex. They focused in on one, EFCAB9, which goes about as a sensor that coordinates the opening and shutting of the channels as indicated by ecological signals.
“This particle is a long-looked for sensor for the CatSper channel, which is basic to treatment, and discloses how sperm react to physiological signals,” Chung said.
EFCAB9 appears to play “a double job in directing the movement and the plan of channels on a sperm’s tail, which help control sperm motility towards the egg,” Chung said.
Changes have been found in the CatSper genes of infertile men and could be an objective for fertility medicines. Since the CatSper channel is fundamental for sperm to work, blocking it could prompt advancement of non-hormonal contraceptives with negligible symptoms in both men and women, Chung said.
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Food Truck Tuesdays at Figueroa Produce
Mar 14, 2011
It’s a tired trope in food writing: the reluctance of the writer to describe publicly an unsullied treasure, when a great deal of what’s worth treasuring is the absence of other people. People ruin everything, you know. Somewhere, a dissertation is being written this very minute about the self-loathing incurred by discharging one’s duty, common to executioners and restaurant critics.
The approach.
As I am not a member of that haughty tribe, and have no fear that swarms of mythical readers will descend upon an unsuspecting hole-in-the-wall, like so many locusts, as a result of my humble recommendations, I can write without hesitation about Figueroa Produce’s as yet un-congested weekly gathering of food trucks. It is, I’ll wager, one of the few gigs in town where you can find more than five gourmet food trucks (or GFTs, as the kids are calling them these days) at a time without encountering the ridiculous lines that so often discourage would-be adventurers. If you had the gut, the money, and the will, you could easily sample five or six trucks in an hour’s time.
Figueroa Produce announced plans for these events in October; the first one seems to have been on February 8th. They take place Tuesdays in an unassuming parking lot in Highland Park, at the corner of Figueroa and York, in the shadow of a 99¢ Store. The hosts, Figueroa Produce, are a neat little organic outfit, vegan friendly and community oriented (they sell no booze or tobacco), all at discounted prices. They’re also very active Tweeters; they’ll take 10% off your grocery bill on Tuesdays when you mention “Twitter” at the register, and they run a steady steam of contests through the medium (“Nectarine is the smooth skinned version of what fruit? First right answer gets a free deli sandwich”). They have a separate twitter feed dedicated to the weekly event, Highland Park Din Din A Go Go.
The Don Chow Taco sampler, topped with kabocha squash.
Though you cannot see the store’s entrance, or even really any signage, from the corridor of food trucks, Fig Produce makes their presence known to diners in a more delicious way. Every week, they provide the GFTs with a special ingredient—leeks, cauliflower, kale, and squash so far—which the trucks then either build a dish around, or incorporate into an existing one. A simple, brilliant idea, though its success depends almost entirely on how well the trucks make use of the ingredient.
On the night of my visit, the ingredient was kabocha squash, a vegetable of Japanese extraction that’s somewhere between a pumpkin and a sweet potato in flavor and texture. In the one dish I tried with kabocha in it—the taco sampler from Don Chow Tacos—the squash seemed an afterthought—flavorful and well-dressed, but a lazy topping, with no intelligible relation to the other ingredients. Other trucks had more integrated dishes, such as Mandoline Grill’s Vietnamese vegan curry of kabocha, sweet potato, potato, carrots, onions, and seitan. But I didn’t eat that. For all I know it could have been a mess, though if the grilled pork bánh mì I had from them on Friday at the Eagle Rock Brewery is any indication, it was probably quite good (at least for vegan food).
A wagyu slider from Vizzi.
What did I eat, then? There was the aforementioned taco sampler: three tacos for $5, which, among GFTs, is a steal. I tried the Chinese BBQ pork, the Kung Pao chicken, and the soy ginger tofu, all topped with cubed kabocha in a sweet sauce. Despite being a fusion food, the meat tacos lacked a strong Asian flavor profile. Grilling chicken does not it Kung Pao make. The soy ginger tofu taco was easily the most robust, with a nice play of acid, spice, and sweet. It came with pico de gallo and avocado, in addition to the standard salsa, and benefited the most from the kabocha topping.
After failing to convince one of my companions to order the Vizzi Truck’s $24 lobster risotto (highway robbery even for a GFT), I had to settle for a bite of his braised Wagyu beef sliders, the thought of which is making my mouth water slightly as I write this. The sliders are braised for an eternity or two in a maple-balsamic concoction, given a measured dollop of chimichurri-crème, enclosed in an evolved White Castle bun, and then served on a bed of white truffle popcorn, three to a plate. Like everything else Vizzi makes, they aren’t cheap ($9, few bites), but they’re so damn good one is forced to consider the possibility that the lobster risotto might be worth a try. Vizzi, it’s also worth noting, is the only truck I’ve ever seen with TVs affixed to the outside. They were showing Dr. Phil.
Lomo Arigato's lomo saltado.
I also managed to snag a bite of a different friend’s Korean fried chicken with spuds from Ahn Joo, which serves dressed-up Korean pub grub. Korean fried chicken, it turns out, has an incredibly thin crust. All the fat is rendered out of the skin before frying, and the meat is only barely dredged and battered. The resulting fry is crackly and flavorful, but insubstantial, with none of the knobby texture of its American cousins. It was good, but underwhelming. Ahn Joo’s spuds, on the other hand, were delightful: also fried, perfectly crisp on the outside and creamy on the inside, lightly bathed in a garlic sauce. Those would be an addicting bar snack.
Last but not least was Lomo Arigato’s lomo saltado, a dish I first tried at a Sino-Peruvian restaurant in the Upper West Side. It consists of a marinated meat, usually steak, stir fried with onions, tomatoes, cilantro, and… French fries (!), served over rice. Lomo Arigato makes a mean lomo saltado: tender tri-tip marinated in soy sauce and red wine, veggies well-grilled and -seasoned, fresh cilantro, and crispy French fries—too crispy on their own, probably, but as one digs in, the contrast of textures is quite pleasing. It’s served with a strange green sauce, a faintly spicy quasi-aioli that goes nicely with the rice, which is on the bland side, making it a suitable vehicle for soaking up the many flavors in play.
Grill 'em All--"Take It In The Face!"
Also present, but sadly untested, were the Grill ’em All truck (burgers), the Rokyo truck (Ramen), Mandoline Grill (Vietnamese), the Boba truck, and some girl scouts, who packed it in early. I never saw a line with more than four people in it, with the exception of Grill ’em All, who have been riding high on a wave of critical attention and good press, the apex of which is their victory on the Food Network’s “The Great Food Truck Race.” They were constantly swarmed. When my party arrived on the scene, I noticed a white-haired young woman in thick-rimmed black glasses at the back of the line. As we left, maybe 45 minutes later, she was just picking up her burger.
The crowd seemed to be mostly locals, a diverse mix with a healthy dose of young families, as well as the obligatory hipsters. And lots of vegans, one of whom I overheard berating Don Chow Tacos for not knowing the difference between vegan and vegetarian—evidently her order had cheese in it? She got her money back. They’re a forceful presence, those vegans, and they seem to have a supportive ally in Figueroa Produce.
I’m going back, and soon. Who knows how long before the hungry hipster hordes overrun what is, for the time being, a joyously low-key community event? If you’re curious about the food truck phenomenon but haven’t sought them out for fear of the stampedes, this is your chance. Highland Park Din Din A Go Go: I urge you to check it out before, as a wise man once said, “Nobody goes there anymore. It’s too crowded.”
The Figueroa Produce Market, 6312 N. Figueroa St., Highland Park, 323.255.3663, figueroaproduce.com. Tuesdays, 5:30 – 9:00 p.m. See twitter.com/FigueroaProduce or twitter.com/HPARKDDAGG for up-to-date truck information.
3 Responses for “Food Truck Tuesdays at Figueroa Produce”
1. amylola says:
Good review. It’s a GREAT food truck gathering and the trucks you didn’t eat at are also very good. I really liked the tacos I had from the Vietnamese truck. I highly recommend this Tuesday night gathering, although I don’t want it to get too popular!!
2. Interesting premise that I had no idea about….thanks!
BTW, Vizzi is the bomb! Tried their food when they were at the L.A. Mart during a gift show a few months ago, and WOW….great food!
Lyd and Mo Photography
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Dear 43 Things Users,
- The Robots.
Export My Content
How to break your wrist
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(This comment was deleted.)
(This comment was deleted.)
masturbate until you hear a snap!
im about to try the 1 with books
im with my friend
ashleyreneejbfan is living with a hurt wrist
how i did it sota
i did multible handstands and then i keep on hitting it on a metal chair.i have 2 bruses and a big bump and bom is poping out more than the other side and i dont know if i fractured it or broke it.plz respond.
(This comment was deleted.)
how i did it
put your hand in a celing fan…it sounds weird but it breaks it also hurts i got a purple cast :) and im 15
how to break my arm
i really want a cast, how do i break my wrist, it is all swollen, and purple from me hitting it with a hammer, putting it in a ceiling fan, and then bashing it with a brick…. please help.
just broke my rist, i think
was running backwards, running away from my brother but kinda didnt realise i was goin backwards, havent been to doctors yet
i wnt a cast lol, ive been attempting the chair idea but its not been working out as i hoped so ima do it word by word as it says. But has any1 got tips on how i cud do i?? o yea im doing it to get outa footy cos i hate my coach and my dad wont let me quit
omg, this was actuallly really helpful, because i really needed to break a bone to avoid failing a subject :) well thanks for ur help :D
spin in circles real fast for 5 min.
then stop and look up
(make sure that u put arm infront of you) so
that your fingertips touch ground when fall
p.s you can’t feel a thing i done it
id get it
wait when you stop do you put your arms like a mummy?
1.Try hitting it with a hammer
2. Sit down, put one leg on top of your arm and one leg under your arm, so it’s kind of sandwiched inbetween. Then make sure that the leg on top of you’re arm is pushing down and the other leg is pushing up. You may also have to support your elbow with your other arm. This is a good method which will almost certainly work.
3.Find a corner of a wall and put your arm next to the wall so about half you’re arm is on the wall and the other half isn’t. Then get something heavy and move it down the wall really quickly so it whacks your arm. You may need a friend to help you do this.
hope this helps !
I am trying to break my wrist but te chair thingg and book thing aren’t workingg? How do I do the chair thing I don’t understand?
Chair thing.?
Is there like a video for the chair thing.? I’m confused and my mom is making me do a sport I don’t wanna do. How long will it be broken with the chair thing too.?
i tried the chair one but it didn’t work so could you tell me how to do it step by step.
i tried the book and chair one and niether worked :L please help! i am going ice-skating tomorrow and i am going to try and break my arm/wrist tomorrow :P x
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43 Things Login | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '261', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9482837915420532}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '37794', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:73V7C2TUWNLZDFC3AJUGDMKGM3HGPTA6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9cc52111-fd44-459e-b69c-45cf2003df0f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 23, 3, 44, 43), 'WARC-IP-Address': '50.17.196.59', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WBCXZDDFYZN6ES6ZAIZIP7FRNRHMMVI6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b92d530c-874b-4678-90e7-4d8f5d7ce7f1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.43things.com/how_i_did_it/view/50548/how-to-break-your-wrist?page=2', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5aba68eb-f337-4ca4-96ee-510db16f8ffe>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '865', 'url': 'http://www.43things.com/how_i_did_it/view/50548/how-to-break-your-wrist?page=2', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.01981961727142334', 'original_id': '6a7f35614971c999d96e0e24a49d4ce52d1d29bae5164bd6317ddf1c1ba1876d'} |
Q:
Trying to do a simple search and count for the input word in C++
Here is my code this far
int main()
{
string word;
int wordcount = 0;
cout << "Enter a word to be counted in a file: ";
cin >> word;
string s;
ifstream file ("Names.txt");
while (file >> s)
{
if(s == word)
++ wordcount;
}
int cnt = count( istream_iterator<string>(file), istream_iterator<string>(), word());
cout << cnt << endl;
}
File Names.txt has loads of words and numbers. I do not quite understand how does istream iterator count words but I got some results with it. The only error I get at the moment is
in function int main
error: no match for call to `(std::string) ()'
and that occurs in line starting with "int cnt". I've tried for a few hours but I am not that familiar with C++, it seems I'd have to create an extra string or change word string somehow.
I'd appreciate any help!!
A:
This line is not correct:
int cnt = count( istream_iterator<string>(infile),
istream_iterator<string>(), word());
//^^^^^Error
should be:
int cnt = count( istream_iterator<string>(infile),
istream_iterator<string>(), word);
Meanwhile, remove the following part:
while (infile >> s)
{
if(s == word)
++ wordcount;
}
Since otherwise, file will be pointed at end of file when you using the iterator with count algorithm. You should either using loop or iterator, not both at the same time.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'bdd13e1b06117a3fc1046015827cc931dd4669f183f16f62591b6a2cc197e398'} |
// Code generated by go-swagger; DO NOT EDIT.
package models
// This file was generated by the swagger tool.
// Editing this file might prove futile when you re-run the swagger generate command
import (
"context"
"github.com/go-openapi/errors"
"github.com/go-openapi/strfmt"
"github.com/go-openapi/swag"
"github.com/go-openapi/validate"
)
// Model97 model 97
//
// swagger:model Model 97
type Model97 struct {
// addresses
// Required: true
Addresses Addresses5 `json:"addresses"`
// description
Description string `json:"description,omitempty"`
// interface
// Required: true
Interface *string `json:"interface"`
// mtu
// Required: true
// Minimum: 1
Mtu *float64 `json:"mtu"`
// name
Name string `json:"name,omitempty"`
// proxy a r p
ProxyARP bool `json:"proxyARP,omitempty"`
// vlan Id
// Required: true
VlanID *int64 `json:"vlanId"`
}
// Validate validates this model 97
func (m *Model97) Validate(formats strfmt.Registry) error {
var res []error
if err := m.validateAddresses(formats); err != nil {
res = append(res, err)
}
if err := m.validateInterface(formats); err != nil {
res = append(res, err)
}
if err := m.validateMtu(formats); err != nil {
res = append(res, err)
}
if err := m.validateVlanID(formats); err != nil {
res = append(res, err)
}
if len(res) > 0 {
return errors.CompositeValidationError(res...)
}
return nil
}
func (m *Model97) validateAddresses(formats strfmt.Registry) error {
if err := validate.Required("addresses", "body", m.Addresses); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := m.Addresses.Validate(formats); err != nil {
if ve, ok := err.(*errors.Validation); ok {
return ve.ValidateName("addresses")
} else if ce, ok := err.(*errors.CompositeError); ok {
return ce.ValidateName("addresses")
}
return err
}
return nil
}
func (m *Model97) validateInterface(formats strfmt.Registry) error {
if err := validate.Required("interface", "body", m.Interface); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func (m *Model97) validateMtu(formats strfmt.Registry) error {
if err := validate.Required("mtu", "body", m.Mtu); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := validate.Minimum("mtu", "body", *m.Mtu, 1, false); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func (m *Model97) validateVlanID(formats strfmt.Registry) error {
if err := validate.Required("vlanId", "body", m.VlanID); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
// ContextValidate validate this model 97 based on the context it is used
func (m *Model97) ContextValidate(ctx context.Context, formats strfmt.Registry) error {
var res []error
if err := m.contextValidateAddresses(ctx, formats); err != nil {
res = append(res, err)
}
if len(res) > 0 {
return errors.CompositeValidationError(res...)
}
return nil
}
func (m *Model97) contextValidateAddresses(ctx context.Context, formats strfmt.Registry) error {
if err := m.Addresses.ContextValidate(ctx, formats); err != nil {
if ve, ok := err.(*errors.Validation); ok {
return ve.ValidateName("addresses")
} else if ce, ok := err.(*errors.CompositeError); ok {
return ce.ValidateName("addresses")
}
return err
}
return nil
}
// MarshalBinary interface implementation
func (m *Model97) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) {
if m == nil {
return nil, nil
}
return swag.WriteJSON(m)
}
// UnmarshalBinary interface implementation
func (m *Model97) UnmarshalBinary(b []byte) error {
var res Model97
if err := swag.ReadJSON(b, &res); err != nil {
return err
}
*m = res
return nil
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/byxorna/nycmesh-tool/blob/master/generated/go/uisp/models/model97.go', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'Apache-2.0', 'date': '2022.0', 'title': 'nycmesh-tool', 'creator': 'byxorna', 'language': 'Go', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '477', 'token_count': '1258', '__index_level_0__': '46611', 'original_id': '2da7b3c59f64356cd43a9bcf0fcf7df644b3460a6a5c37fd3b95c309d25515c1'} |
WTD News
Kerala Love Jihad Case: Timeline
The term ‘love jihad’ is back in news after Akhila, a Hindu girl, converted to Muslim and changed her name to Hadiya.
Let’s have a look at the chronology of events in this case.
January 2016: Hindu girl, Akhila, converts to Islam:
Hadiya was previously known as Akhila Ashokan. While pursuing her degree she decided to convert to the Islamic faith. The reason for her conversion is still in vein but she said to the court that it was her personal choice. In January 2016, she officially converted to Islam and left her home. Apart from taking up a course in Islam, she also approached a conversion center called Satya Sarani in Kerala. During this period, she changed her name from Akhila to Hadiya.
February 2016: Akhila’s father, Ashokan files a petition:
After her disappearance, Akhila’s father filled a missing complaint at the local police station. After learning about his daughter’s intentions, he filed a habeas corpus petition against Satya Sarani and blamed that they were responsible for “forced and illegal” religious conversions. Her father alleged that she compelled to convert to Islam for the purpose of recruitment in terror organizations and held captive by her husband, Shafin Jahan. Thus, this case was dubbed as the ‘Love Jihad’ case.
May 2017: Kerala High Court nullifies marriage
Based on her father’s petition, the court annuls their marriage. Through his advocate, Hadiya’s father said that he has video and audio clips to prove that Jahan has terrorist links. This argument was supported by National Investigation Agency (NIA) as well. They further stated that he had links to the IS. Based on all these arguments the court decided to give Hadiya custody to her parent.
August 2017: Shefin challenges the court’s orders
After the Kerala High Court declares the marriage as null, Shefin decides to approach the Supreme Court to get a fair stand. However, the SC took note of the previous judgments passed by the HC and further reinstated that there were radical groups influencing young girls to convert to Islam. This infuriated Shefin and decided to hire two top-notch lawyers (Kapil Sibal and Indira Jaising) to win the case for him. Later on, the Kerala government decided to bring in the National Investigation Agency to probe further in this case. The HC judgment brought in stiff opposition and even a hartal was organized.
October 26th2017: Video showing Akhila pleading for help
This was what she said in a short clip released by Rahul Eswar, Akhila’s lawyer. He couldn’t release the entire video as he feared Akhila life.
November 2017: Hadiya’s way to the court:
Being under the custody of her father, she was not allowed contact anyone else and was not permitted to leave her home. Even when the SC asked to bring Hadiya to the court he wrote a petition for in-camera proceeding. However, the SC dismissed the petition.
So on November 27, she headed to the SC to give her statement. On her way to the court she screamed, “I was not forcibly converted nor was I forced to marry. I want to go with my husband and I should get justice.” During the court proceeding, she said that she wants freedom and wants to stay with her husband. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '7009e0485e537338d75d81f82089e0fe2179efcd701c2e2455a52a79544deda4'} |
if nil ~= require then
require "fritomod/OOP-Class";
require "fritomod/Frames";
require "fritomod/Anchors";
require "fritomod/Callbacks-Mouse";
require "fritomod/Media-Button";
require "fritomod/Media-Backdrop";
require "fritomod/Metatables-StyleClient";
require "fritomod/UI-List";
end;
UI = UI or {};
UI.Window = OOP.Class("UI.Window");
local Window = UI.Window;
local DEFAULT_STYLE = {
titleColor = .2,
};
function Window:Constructor(parent, style)
self.frame = Frames.New(parent);
self:AddDestructor(Frames.Destroy, self.frame);
Frames.Backdrop(self.frame, "tooltip");
Frames.BackdropColor(self.frame, "black");
self.style = Metatables.StyleClient(style);
self.style:Inherits(DEFAULT_STYLE);
self.title = Frames.Color(self.frame, .2);
Anchors.Clear(self.title);
Anchors.ShareTop(self.title);
Frames.Height(self.title, 20);
self.content = Frames.New(self.frame);
self:AddDestructor(Frames.Destroy, self.content);
Anchors.ShareAll(self.content);
Anchors.VFlip(self.content, self.title, "bottom");
self.close = Frames.New("Button", self.frame);
self:AddDestructor(Frames.Destroy, self.close);
Frames.Size(self.close, 18);
Anchors.Share(self.close,"topright")
Frames.ButtonTexture(self.close, "close");
Callbacks.Click(self.close, Frames.Hide, self);
self.commands = {};
self.commandList = UI.List:New();
self.commandList:SetContent(self.commands);
self.commandList:SetLayout(function(frames)
Anchors.ShareVerticals(frames, self.title);
return Anchors.HJustify("topleft", 2, frames);
end);
self.commandList:OnUpdate(Headless(Anchors.Share, self.title, "topleft"));
end;
function Window:AddCommand(description, runner, ...)
-- TODO Support description objects
local command = Frames.New(self.frame);
local text = Frames.Text(command, "friz", 14, "outline");
command.text = text;
text:SetText(description);
Anchors.ShareAll(text);
local listRemover = Lists.Insert(self.commands, command);
local clickRemover = Callbacks.Click(command, runner, ...);
self:Update();
return Functions.OnlyOnce(function()
listRemover();
clickRemover();
end);
end;
function Window:Update()
for _, command in ipairs(self.commands) do
command:SetWidth(command.text:GetStringWidth());
command:SetHeight(16);
end;
self.commandList:Update();
end;
function Window:GetContentFrame()
return self.content;
end;
function Window:GetTitleFrame()
return self.title;
end;
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/dafrito/FritoMod/blob/master/fritomod/UI-Window.lua', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '', 'title': 'FritoMod', 'creator': 'dafrito', 'language': 'Lua', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '174', 'token_count': '876', '__index_level_0__': '22037', 'original_id': 'f6a1c9b384a8376691b28bd734383b37a532b673557f0fd0be1d2dd6a08ec65c'} |
Encephalartos hildebrandtii är en kärlväxtart som beskrevs av Alexander Karl Heinrich Braun och Carl David Bouché. Encephalartos hildebrandtii ingår i släktet Encephalartos och familjen Zamiaceae. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som nära hotad. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Bildgalleri
Källor
Externa länkar
Kärlväxter
hildebrandtii | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalartos%20hildebrandtii', 'collection': 'Wikipedia', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': 'Encephalartos hildebrandtii', 'creator': 'https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encephalartos hildebrandtii&action=history', 'language': 'Swedish', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '46', 'token_count': '102', '__index_level_0__': '15754', 'original_id': '5c6ed6413ee9297af30e08309e14e6e001d112453a86d07032065902f9edee11'} |
Lindome IBK F13
Registration number: 2105
Registrator: Louise Kjellander Log in
Primary shirt color: Green
Leader: Louise Kjellander
Sandra Sartipy
Mats Klockargård
Patrik Aspholm
Gold medal! Won the entire Slutspel! Congratulations!
Highest goal count per match among the teams in F13 (2.6)
2:nd highest goal count among the teams in F13 (16)
In addition to Lindome IBK, 8 other teams played in Flickor 13 (2002). They were divided into 2 different groups, whereof Lindome IBK could be found in Group B together with FBC Lerum, Åkersberga IBF 2 and Tunet IBK.
Lindome IBK made it to Slutspel after reaching 1:st place in Group B. Once in the playoff they won every match inluding the Final against Pixbo Wallenstam IBF, which they won with 1-0. Thereby Lindome IBK won the entire Slutspel in Flickor 13 (2002) during Göteborg Cup Innebandy 2016.
Lindome IBK also participated in Flickor 12 (2002) during Göteborg Cup Innebandy 2015. They reached the Semi final in F12 Slutspel, but lost it against IK Zenith with 1-3.
6 games played
Write a message to Lindome IBK
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '39', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8029728531837463}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '68278', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:IVBJOEAOBWEH5CUHMRWZ7MIWPQHLIMMQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:77d8d6c9-ad41-46d2-b9b1-83455e4b46ee>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 21, 9, 37, 56), 'WARC-IP-Address': '31.192.226.120', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PKUVZMP43RMYJVD447ZLIP6W2L5NM275', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:24809122-3aca-49fa-a125-806f4c86241f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://goteborgcupinnebandy.cups.nu/2016,en/result/team/7990396', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5c33c354-14dc-4831-8e07-0e51827b2112>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '213', 'url': 'https://goteborgcupinnebandy.cups.nu/2016,en/result/team/7990396', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-214.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.3877902626991272', 'original_id': '0aa957d2ede100542f0e6287625b34e3f41706c2522a61661673d5cbdb71570e'} |
SHAFAQNA (Shia International News Association)- Chinese President Xi Jinping has pledged to allot USD 40 billion to the Silk Road Fund, which is designed to help Asian countries improve trade and transport links.
The Chinese leader made the promise on Saturday during a meeting with leaders of Pakistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar and Tajikistan.
“Efforts by a single or several countries are far from adequate,” Xi noted, adding, “Only by building extensive partnerships where all will think and work in unison can we expect to achieve positive results.”
In October, China along with 20 other Asian nations signed a memorandum of understanding to establish the Beijing-backed Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
Authorities said that the bank, which is set to have an initial capital of USD 50 billion mostly provided by China, aims to meet the need for the construction of dams, ports, power plants and telecommunications networks in Asia.
In May, the Chinese president called for the establishment of a new Asian structure for security cooperation based on a group that includes Russia.
Linking Asian nations is “not merely about building roads and bridges or making linear connection of different places on surface,” Xi said
“More importantly, it should be a three-way combination of infrastructure, institutions and people-to-people exchanges and a five-way progress in policy communication, infrastructure connectivity, trade link, capital flow and understanding among peoples.”
As the world’s second-largest economy, China seeks to play a greater part in international organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, dominated by Europe, the US and Japan | mini_pile | {'original_id': '34098a66c81e893265a981611bf1d1e5f4e6633847b74f09464ca313531db206'} |
Epicurus - Is God willing to prevent evil ... ?
In my opinion, a lot can be achieved by using Memes. A simple short message can often make people stop and think, even if it's for a brief moment. So with this idea, a new blog Category is created, aptly named "Atheist Memes". In here you will be able to find all the memes Entangled Life shares on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and all social media.
For the first entry in this category, this ancient question of Epicurus is appropriate:
Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able?
Then he is not omnipotent.
Is he able, but not willing?
Then he is malevolent.
Is he both able and willing?
Then whence cometh evil? Is he neither able nor willing?
Then why call him God?
Things Religious fundamentalists tend to say about these and similar questions is: "well, you cannot apply human-made logic to God, which is eternal and outside our space...". And one certainly valid reply to this would be "Yes, you might say God is immune to logic. But if you say that, then really anything goes. Golden unicorns, Invisible dragons in your garage, orbiting teapots ...".
Happy #DarwinDay!
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '144', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9421458840370178}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '27127', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:G4PGLVVXKL6DPDY4CMGMY2BZWVUXYO3N', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:889fe69b-0c51-4dbf-8abb-364d9b3dd64e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 8, 17, 19, 22, 15), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.58.74.234', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2ANBTZ5JDJSHS2ZNZ36GEOEX6FXZ3T5W', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ba47e32c-7b4c-4abd-b329-8e726ee1e306>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://entangled.life/?tag=MEME', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:77ed60b9-bec3-437b-be47-8d64096683a8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '386', 'url': 'https://entangled.life/?tag=MEME', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-166-68-32.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-34\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.054061949253082275', 'original_id': '1f63de530ff200b591e0c334f538b5d649445a8386fdd2c3af84bfcf7229915d'} |
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