identifier stringlengths 7 768 | collection stringclasses 3 values | open_type stringclasses 1 value | license stringclasses 2 values | date float64 2.01k 2.02k ⌀ | title stringlengths 1 250 ⌀ | creator stringlengths 0 19.5k ⌀ | language stringclasses 357 values | language_type stringclasses 3 values | word_count int64 0 69k | token_count int64 2 438k | text stringlengths 1 388k | __index_level_0__ int64 0 57.4k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf%20Lang | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Adolf Lang | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf Lang&action=history | English | Spoken | 136 | 207 | Adolf Láng (born Adolf Lang; 15 June 1848 – 2 May 1913), was a Hungarian-German architect, one of the main representatives of the historicist style during the late 1900s.
Career
Lang studied in Vienna and from 1870 became the director of works for the company which built the boulevards and ring roads in Budapest. He also designed a number of private and public buildings for the capital, and later taught in Bucharest. Upon his return to Hungary, he entered into a partnership with Antal Steinhardt and spent his final years in Vienna.
Works
Old Music Academy, Budapest
Old Exhibition Hall, Budapest
National Theatre of Pécs, 1893–95
Former Hungarian (Magyar) Theatre, 1897
National Theatre Košice, 1899
Pécs City Hall, 1907
Lang,Adolf
Historicist architects
1913 deaths
1848 births
Hungarian people of German descent
Romanian people of German descent | 32,918 |
https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BD%20%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Лашон Мерритт | https://mn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Лашон Мерритт&action=history | Mongolian | Spoken | 92 | 368 | Лашон Мерритт (, 1986 оны зургаадугаар сарын 27-нд төрсөн) нь Америкийн хөнгөн атлетикч бөгөөд 400 метрийн зайд Олимпийн хоёр алт, ДАШТ-ий таван алт хоёр мөнгөн медальтай тамирчин юм.
Түүний хувийн дээд амжилт 43.74 секунд буюу бүх цаг үеийн тавдугаарт эрэмбэлэгдэх амжилт.
Эшлэл
Холбоос
Албан ёсны цахим хуудас
АНУ-ын 400 метрийн гүйгч
400 метрийн гүйлтийн олимпын аварга
400 метрийн гүйлтийн дэлхийн аварга
АНУ-ын олимпын аварга
АНУ-ын олимпын оролцогч
2008 оны зуны олимпод оролцогч
2012 оны зуны олимпод оролцогч
2016 оны зуны олимпод оролцогч
Сэргээшийн тохиолдол хөнгөн атлетикт
Сэргээш АНУ-д
Америкчууд
1986 онд төрсөн | 4,325 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54003943 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,019 | Stack Exchange | Edric, Harun Yilmaz, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1331040, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6782707, https://stackoverflow.com/users/9140740, לבני מלכה | English | Spoken | 663 | 2,471 | Top navbar should change when we scroll?
Header -1
1 2 3 4 5 6
when we load the page top header nav looks like this. user scrolls the above header-1 to be disable and new headr should come on top of that
7 8 9 10 11 12
I tried but im not getting exact solution
show us your code
It unclear what you are asking for. What is this about?
Try This
<h1>Multiple Sticky Header with CSS and JS</h1>
<div class="followMeBar">A</div>
<br>
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<div class="followMeBar">B</div>
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<div class="followMeBar">C</div>
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<div class="followMeBar">D</div>
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<div class="followMeBar">E</div>
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and css file
.followMeBar {
background: #e64a19;
padding: 10px 20px;
position: relative;
z-index: 1;
color: #fff;
}
.followMeBar.fixed {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
box-sizing: border-box;
z-index: 0;
}
.followMeBar.fixed.absolute {
position: absolute;
}
/* For aesthetics only ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
body {
margin: 0;
font-family: Segoe, "Segoe UI", "DejaVu Sans", "Trebuchet MS", Verdana, sans-serif;
}
h1 {
font: 200 1.2em "Segoe UI Light", "DejaVu Sans", "Trebuchet MS", Verdana, sans-serif;
font-weight: 200;
color: #fff;
background: #039be4;
padding: 20px;
margin: 0;
border-bottom: 10px solid #ccc;
strong {
font-family: "Segoe UI Black";
font-weight: normal;
}
}
.explanation {
padding: 20px;
max-width: 600px;
p {
max-width: 300px;
color: #fff;
font-size: 0.8rem;
}
}
and js file
var stickyHeaders = (function() {
var $window = $(window),
$stickies;
var load = function(stickies) {
if (typeof stickies === "object" && stickies instanceof jQuery && stickies.length > 0) {
$stickies = stickies.each(function() {
var $thisSticky = $(this).wrap('<div class="followWrap" />');
$thisSticky
.data('originalPosition', $thisSticky.offset().top)
.data('originalHeight', $thisSticky.outerHeight())
.parent()
.height($thisSticky.outerHeight());
});
$window.off("scroll.stickies").on("scroll.stickies", function() {
_whenScrolling();
});
}
};
var _whenScrolling = function() {
$stickies.each(function(i) {
var $thisSticky = $(this),
$stickyPosition = $thisSticky.data('originalPosition');
if ($stickyPosition <= $window.scrollTop()) {
var $nextSticky = $stickies.eq(i + 1),
$nextStickyPosition = $nextSticky.data('originalPosition') - $thisSticky.data('originalHeight');
$thisSticky.addClass("fixed");
if ($nextSticky.length > 0 && $thisSticky.offset().top >= $nextStickyPosition) {
$thisSticky.addClass("absolute").css("top", $nextStickyPosition);
}
} else {
var $prevSticky = $stickies.eq(i - 1);
$thisSticky.removeClass("fixed");
if ($prevSticky.length > 0 && $window.scrollTop() <= $thisSticky.data('originalPosition') - $thisSticky.data('originalHeight')) {
$prevSticky.removeClass("absolute").removeAttr("style");
}
}
});
};
return {
load: load
};
})();
$(function() {
stickyHeaders.load($(".followMeBar"));
});
here is a Codepen
Hi Masoud, welcome to StackOverflow! Please take note that this question is asking for Angular, not the former AngularJS 1.x framework.
| 46,050 |
https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%AC%20%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%20%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | تشنج وعائي تاجي | https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=تشنج وعائي تاجي&action=history | Arabic | Spoken | 497 | 1,573 | يشير التشنج الوعائي التاجي إلى إصابة الشريان التاجي المفاجئة بانسداد مؤقت تام أو تحت تام.
في عام 1959، وصف برينزميتال وآخرون نوعًا من الألم الصدري الناتج عن التشنج الوعائي التاجي، وأشاروا إليه بصفته شكلًا متغيرًا من الخناق الصدري التقليدي. بالتالي، أُبلغ عن هذا الخناق وأشير إليه في المؤلفات العلمية باسم خناق برينزميتال. ميزت دراسة لاحقة هذا النوع من الخناق عن الخناق الصدري التقليدي تمييزًا أكبر من خلال إظهار الشرايين التاجية الطبيعية عبر القسطرة القلبية. تختلف هذه الموجودات عن الموجودات النموذجية في الخناق الصدري النموذجي، والذي تظهر فيه عادةً لويحات تصلب عصيدي عبر القسطرة القلبية.
حين يحدث التشنج الوعائي التاجي يؤدي الانسداد إلى إقفار مؤقت. قد يلي التشنج طيف واسع من الأعراض أو التظاهرات، تتراوح من الإقفار القلبي غير العرضي، والذي يُشار إليه أحيانًا باسم الإقفار الصامت، إلى الاحتشاء القلبي وصولًا إلى الموت القلبي المفاجئ.
العلامات والأعراض
يؤدي التشنج الوعائي التاجي تقليديًا إلى ألم صدري أثناء الراحة، ويُعرف أيضًا باسم الخناق التشنجي الوعائي. يعد الألم الصدري أكثر شيوعًا في أوقت معينة من اليوم، خصوصًا من أواخر الليل حتى الصباح المبكر. قد تترافق هذه النوبات مع الغثيان والإقياء والتعرق البارد وحتى الإغماء. يترافق التشنج الوعائي التاجي أيضًا مع الوهن والتعب وضيق التنفس والخفقان. قد تمثل هذه الأعراض أحيانًا التظاهرات الأولية، وقد تحدث أيضًا بالتزامن مع الألم الصدري.
تتواجد حالات من التشنج الوعائي التاجي لا تظهر فيها أعراض مطلقًا، ما يؤدي إلى حدوث نوبات من الإقفار القلبي الصامت أو غير العرضي.
المضاعفات
قد يحدث طيف واسع من المتلازمات القلبية الإقفارية المختلفة بناءً على مدة بقاء الانسداد. فد تؤدي النوبات الأقصر من الانسداد إلى ما يُشار إليه باسم الإقفار القلبي الصامت نظرًا لطبيعته اللاعرضية. قد تترافق هذه النوبات أيضًا مع اضطرابات النظم. قد تؤدي النوبات الأطول من الانسداد إلى خناق مستقر أو غير مستقر واحتشاء قلبي وموت قلبي مفاجئ.
عوامل الخطر
على عكس الخناق الصدري التقليدي، يُعتقد أن عوامل الخطر القلبية الوعائية التقليدية ليست مرتبطة ارتباطًا ذي أهمية بالتشنج الوعائي التاجي. يُستثنى التدخين من ذلك، إذ يُعتقد أنه يمثل عامل خطر قابلًا للتعديل للخناق التشنجي الوعائي.
تتواجد العديد من العوامل التي يُعتقد أنها تعجل في حدوث نوبات التشنج الوعائي التاجي أو تحرضها. تعمل العديد من هذه العوامل عبر التأثير على الجهاز العصبي الذاتي. تمثل زيادة نشاط الجهاز العصبي الودي إحدى الآليات التي يحدث عبرها هذا المرض. يؤدي التدفق الودي الناتج إلى تأثيرات مقبضة للأوعية في الأوعية الدموية. على سبيل المثال، قد يحرض استخدام الكوكايين تشنجًا وعائيًا في الشرايين التاجية عبر تأثيره في المستقبلات الأدرنرجية ما يسبب تقبض الأوعية. تعتبر التمارين الرياضية والطقس البارد والنشاط البدني أو المجهود والإجهاد العقلي وفرط التهوية من العوامل المؤثرة الإضافية.
تاريخ
وُصف الألم الصدري الناتج عن تشنج الأوعية التاجية في المؤلفات الطبية من قبل برينزميتال وآخرين في عام 1959. أدى هذا الاكتشاف إلى الإشارة إلى هذا النوع من الخناق الصدري في المؤلفات العلمية باسم خناق برينزميتال. ميزت دراسة لاحقة هذا الخناق الصدري عن الخناق الصدري التقليدي إذ أظهرت النتائج أن المرضى المصابين بألم صدري ناتج عن تشنج الأوعية التاجية يفتقرون إلى دليل على وجود تصلب شرايين عند إجراء قسطرة القلب. يُعرف الخناق الصدري الناتج عن تشنج الأوعية التاجية أيضًا باسم الخناق الصدري المتغير.
المراجع
أمراض القلب | 41,184 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maartje%20van%20Putten | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Maartje van Putten | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maartje van Putten&action=history | English | Spoken | 144 | 214 | Maria Jeanette Anna (Maartje) van Putten (born 5 July 1951, in Bussum) is a Dutch politician.
In her early 20s she was instrumental in shifting Dutch transport policy towards safer streets, with the lasting effect that the Netherlands has excellent cycle infrastructure.
She was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Dutch Labour Party (PvdA) between 1989 and 1999, in which she was committed to the protection of nature and environment in developing countries.
She later served as a member of the World Bank's Inspection Panel and wrote her PhD thesis on accountability mechanisms. She is a member of the Independent Review Mechanism of the African Development Bank (AfDB), and CEO of Global Accountability.
References
1951 births
Living people
People from Bussum
Labour Party (Netherlands) MEPs
MEPs for the Netherlands 1989–1994
MEPs for the Netherlands 1994–1999
20th-century women MEPs for the Netherlands | 47,371 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50738398 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,018 | Stack Exchange | English | Spoken | 143 | 366 | Groovy group by more criteria
I have a list of hashmaps
list=[{account:"12345"},{account:null},{account:"12345"},account:null}]
I am grouping them regarding those values account to separate lists
list.groupBy({obj -> obj.account}).values().toList();
The result is those two lists:
[{account:"12345"},{account:"12345"}],[{account:null},{account:null}]
This is correct, but my question is, wheter I can leave the first list as it is and everytime when there is a null value I will get separate list e.g
[{account:"12345"},{account:"12345"}],[{account:null}],[{account:null}]
Or in other words to get 3 lists of maps intead of 2
use UUID instead of null values
(groovy)
def list = [[account:"12345"],[account:null],[account:"12345"],[account:null]]
list.groupBy{obj -> obj.account ?: UUID.randomUUID()}.values().each{println it}
or just new Object
def list=[[account:"12345"],[account:null],[account:"12345"],[account:null]]
list.groupBy{obj -> obj.account ?: new Object()}.values().each{println it}
note that obj.account ?: new Object() will return new Object() for null and empty values of obj.account.
if you need to limit expression only for null values then use obj.account==null ? new Object() : obj.account
| 24,102 | |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2365014 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,010 | Stack Exchange | Bineil Kc Thapa, Glenn Slayden, Melvin Bell, gorgatron , https://stackoverflow.com/users/147511, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4806012, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4806049, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4806096, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4854256, xLLxSnipes | Estonian | Spoken | 456 | 828 | How to group Windows API constants
When defining Windows API const values, is it better to have them as const
public const int SW_HIDE = 0;
public const int SW_SHOWNORMAL = 1;
public const int SW_NORMAL = 1;
public const int SW_SHOWMINIMIZED = 2;
public const int SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED = 3;
public const int SW_MAXIMIZE = 3;
public const int SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE = 4;
public const int SW_SHOW = 5;
public const int SW_MINIMIZE = 6;
public const int SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE = 7;
public const int SW_SHOWNA = 8;
public const int SW_RESTORE = 9;
public const int SW_SHOWDEFAULT = 10;
public const int SW_MAX = 10;
[DllImport( "user32.dll" )]
public static extern bool ShowWindow( HandleRef hWnd, int nCmdShow );
or to group them together as an enum.
public enum SW {
SW_HIDE = 0,
SW_SHOWNORMAL = 1,
SW_NORMAL = 1,
SW_SHOWMINIMIZED = 2,
SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED = 3,
SW_MAXIMIZE = 3,
SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE = 4,
SW_SHOW = 5,
SW_MINIMIZE = 6,
SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE = 7,
SW_SHOWNA = 8,
SW_RESTORE = 9,
SW_SHOWDEFAULT = 10,
SW_MAX = 10
}
[DllImport( "user32.dll" )]
public static extern bool ShowWindow( HandleRef hWnd, SW nCmdShow );
I prefer the enum version you showed, but without the redundant prefix on the names: public enum SW { HIDE = 0, SHOWNORMAL = 1 ... etc.. At a minimum, to observe DRY and eliminate (the possible existence of) a whole class of bug or confusion (SW.SX_MODE == ???)
Group them as enums.
Why? Ints are used all over the place and you can pass them where, for example, a size is necessary as well.. That led to the frickin hungarian notation (szSomething..) in the first place. The type system was lacking and they tried to "fix" it using the variable naming scheme. You're now better off, with a better type system; use it.
Define enums, group them in a sensible way and you won't Thread.Sleep(WM_User) someday (Yes, I'm not completely serious with this example, but I think you get the point).
Except for code maintainability, it doesn't matter at all.
I recommend using an enum; this allows you to use IntelliSense when calling the function, and can help prevent mistakes.
However, you should give your enum a meaningful name, such as WindowShowType.
Also, you might want to remove the prefixes, and perhaps standardize the names to CamelCase.
While I agree with removing the prefixes, I prefer to keep the ALLCAPS names from Win32, rather than switching them TitleCase as you suggest (I usually reserve the term camelCase for the form I just illustrated it in). My reasoning is that the former change has a principled motivation (see my other comment on this page), while the latter seems more gratuitous, possibly even losing information--albeit circumstantial--about the Win32 provenance of the enum.
| 18,584 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61408170 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,020 | Stack Exchange | Nayan, Rohlig, https://stackoverflow.com/users/13398292, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3577853, https://stackoverflow.com/users/8094051, tapu74 | English | Spoken | 381 | 853 | How do i request the newly created model with mongoose and Node.js?
I´m creating a sport site where Users can create Teams. I want the new Team created to be automatically pushed into the Users membership and leadership arrays. But I can't figure out how to request the newly created Team as shown in the code below:
const Team = require('../models/Team.js')
const path = require('path')
module.exports = async (req,res)=>{
await Team.create({
... req.body,
teamName: req.body.teamname ,
sportType: req.body.sporttype,
description: req.body.description,
location: req.body.location,
members: [req.session.userId],
leaders: [req.session.userId]
});
const user = await req.session.userId;
const teams = //Request newly created Team
await user.leadership.push(teams)
await user.membership.push(teams)
await user.save()
res.redirect('/')
}
Here is the Schema for User:
const UserSchema = new Schema({
username: {
type: String,
required: true,
unique: true
},
password: {
type: String,
required: true
},
membership: [{ type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Team' }],
leadership: [{type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Team'}]
});
Here is the Schema for Team:
const TeamSchema = new Schema({
teamName: String,
sportType: String,
description: String,
location: String,
members: [{ type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'User' }],
leaders: [{type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'User'}]
})
did you miss to export the model like :
module.exports = mongoose.model('collection_name', TeamSchema )
If you mean in the User and Team Schema, then no, I left those parts out in the post.
module.exports = async (req,res)=>{
const user = User.findById(req.session.userId)
const teams = await Team.create({
... req.body,
teamName: req.body.teamname ,
sportType: req.body.sporttype,
description: req.body.description,
location: req.body.location,
members: [req.session.userId],
leaders: [req.session.userId]
});
await user.leadership.push(teams)
await user.membership.push(teams)
await user.save()
res.redirect('/')
}
Try this. Also, the better approach will be to create different functions for creating the object and then calling it here.
Thank you! It worked, just had to change to "const user = User.findById(req.session.userId)"
Could you describe in more how I would do that? I'm new to this, thanks
@Rohlig Happy to help. I edited the answer as you said. Explanation: await Team.create will give an object of the team schema in response and that object is used to add in the user object. If this works as an answer for you. Please mark it as an accepted answer.
@Nyan Lathiya, I meant how might I go about creating different functions for creating the object and then calling it here.
Reference Link please let me know if you still have some doubts.
| 16,245 |
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/222823 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,015 | Stack Exchange | Ago Szekeres, Malkoun, Mikhail Borovoi, Robert Bryant, https://mathoverflow.net/users/13972, https://mathoverflow.net/users/36946, https://mathoverflow.net/users/4149, https://mathoverflow.net/users/81645 | English | Spoken | 286 | 623 | Intermediate quotient for a Hermitian Symmetric Spaces of $Sp(n)$
We know that $U(N)$ can be embedded into $SU(n+1)$ and that the quotient is isomorphic to complex projective space:
$$
SU(n+1)/U(n) \simeq {\mathbb CP}^{n}.
$$
We can split this process into two stages, first quotient $SU(n+1)$ by $SU(n)$ giving the sphere
$$
SU(n+1)/SU(n) \simeq S^{2n+1},
$$
and then quotient $S^{2+1}$ by $U(1)$ to get ${\mathbb CP}^{n}$.
I am curious about the analogue for the compact symplectic groups $Sp(n)$. According to the Hermitian Symmetric Space Wikipedia page, $Sp(n)/U(n)$ is the space of complex structures on $\mathbb{H}^n$ compatible with the inner product. If it helps, note that like ${\mathbb CP}^{n}$, this is an Hermitian Symmetric Space, and a flag manifold.
One can again split this quotient into a quotient by $SU(N)$, and a quotient by $U(1)$.
Question: What is the space $Sp(n)/SU(N)$? Does it have a name?
The 1st question: clearly YES with $K=SU(n)$.
Question edited accordingly.
This space is just (a covering of) the unit circle bundle of the canonical line bundle of the complex manifold $\mathrm{Sp}(n)/\mathrm{U}(n)$ in its canonical Kähler metric.
@AgoS: In general, any irreducible Hermitian symmetric space is of the form $U/H$, where $K$ has a nontrivial homomorphism $h:H\to S^1$ whose kernel $H$ is a simple Lie group. In this situation, the quotient $U/K$ is (a covering of) the bundle of unit complex volume forms (where 'unit' is defined in terms of the Kähler metric on $U/H$.
As another analogous situation for the symplectic groups $Sp(n)$, which is dear to twistor theorists, you could also consider
$Sp(n+1)/(Sp(n) \times Sp(1)) \cong \mathbb{H}P^n$
and
$Sp(n+1)/(Sp(n) \times U(1)) \cong \mathbb{C}P^{2n+1}$.
The fibers of the map from the second to the first are of course in this case $2$-spheres.
| 32,199 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54022946 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,019 | Stack Exchange | English | Spoken | 360 | 540 | LeafletJs - Cannot set property 'L' of undefined
I'm using LeafletJs in my AngularJS (Version 1.5.8) project as a map, recently I have been using the unpkg.com URL - until recently I have however decided to use the locally downloaded code instead (there are several reasons why - one of them being the app working offline).
The problem I'm having now is whenever I even just load the script in the index.html file, I would get this error:
Uncaught TypeError: Cannot set property 'L' of undefined
Looking into the source code, the part of the code throwing the error is at the very start of the Javascript:
(function (global, factory) {
typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) :
typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'], factory) :
(factory((global.L = {}))); // This line is where the error is thrown.
}(this, (function (exports) { 'use strict';
// Here would now be the entire code of Leaflet.
While doing a bit more testing, global is coming in as undefined.
I haven't called Leaflet at all yet. Even commenting out all but this script will result in me still getting this error. I think it has something to do with Agular more than anything, but I'd like to know if I'm doing something wrong.
Any help at all would be greatly appreciated.
I think I've managed to fix it. As I said earlier, global was undefined, so setting it to a default value of what it's supposed to be (In this case, a Window) has seemed to do the trick.
(function (global = Window, factory) {
typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) :
typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'], factory) :
(factory((global.L = {}))); // This line is where the error is thrown.
}(this, (function (exports) { 'use strict';
// Here would now be the entire code of Leaflet.
Setting global = Window instead of setting (factory((Window.L = {}))); is so that it will still use the user's window information if it is not undefined. It seems to be working ok from my end on what I need to do.
| 37,315 | |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51545529 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,018 | Stack Exchange | English | Spoken | 125 | 208 | AWS - Elastic Beanstalk Environment properties with a $
I am attempting to set a property that contains $ in it as a Environmental Property (Configure -> Software -> Environment properties) that will eventually get passed to my tomcat context.xml file (all running on AMI - Tomcat 8 with Java 8 running on 64bit Amazon Linux/3.0.1). It seems like it won't accept $ characters (source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticbeanstalk/latest/dg/environments-cfg-softwaresettings.html). It appears that they are being interpreted as bash variables. Can I escape the $ some how, I've tried \$ and (double backslash)\$ with no luck. Am I missing something or am I just out of luck.
Thanks
So with a bit or trial and error it looks like you need 3 backslashes to escape the $ character. \\\$myData
| 1,621 | |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4213944 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,010 | Stack Exchange | Hanuch, Hasibul Haque Jisan, James Wiseman, NovemberDeveloper, Ryanne Jones, Starx, dkatstovfl, ghk1991, https://stackoverflow.com/users/144491, https://stackoverflow.com/users/188477, https://stackoverflow.com/users/295264, https://stackoverflow.com/users/511989, https://stackoverflow.com/users/8875480, https://stackoverflow.com/users/8875481, https://stackoverflow.com/users/8875482, https://stackoverflow.com/users/8875625, https://stackoverflow.com/users/8875633, manraj82 | English | Spoken | 307 | 474 | jQuery - cascading classes and on-click functions issues
I have an issue with using jQuery for a pop-up window. I have a class called "clicker".
If you click it the "showHideBox()" function is being called:
$(".clicker").click(function(){
showHideBox();
});
showHideBox function is showing box - $(".box").fadeIn(700) or hiding it when clicked again - $(".box").css("display","none").
.box div is positioned fixed with high z-index to provide sort of light-box effect.
The .box div contains some clickable - interactive bits.
The .box div is quite big and it's partially overlapping the .clicker div.
the problem is that when you click an area of the .box div which is overlaping the .clicker div the jQuery is acting as if I was clicking the .clicker.
So it's actually taking listening to the .clicker functionality - even if i give the .box css("display","block") function.
Please advice if anyone knows a solution for this.
Many thanks in advance.
in the HTML code, is the .box div inside the .clicker ?
Any reason you're not using the show()/hide() methods instead of css("display",...)?
Would be a lot easier to understand the flow, if you would post your codes?
the .box is not inside the .clicker. It seats at the bottom of the document as a separate div - position is fixed and z-index: 999 so it's floating on top of the whole page.
I don't know if show()/hide() would behave differently
I am sorry, I wrote a new code for this example to give it to you here and realised there was no issue. I was doind something wrong in my file.
Very sorry and thanks for all your comments
You can try adding a transparent div behind the box div which will cover entire screen. If it does not work, try to be clear about jQuery event bubbling. Let me know if any of these work.
| 14,284 |
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messor%20antennatus | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Messor antennatus | https://war.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messor antennatus&action=history | Waray | Spoken | 53 | 107 | An Messor antennatus in uska species han Formicidae nga ginhulagway ni Carlo Emery hadton 1908. An Messor antennatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Messor, ngan familia nga formicidae.
Subspecies
Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:
M. a. antennatus
M. a. fodorii
M. a. personatus
Mga kasarigan
Mga sumpay ha gawas
Messor | 37,476 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35972043 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,016 | Stack Exchange | English | Spoken | 194 | 264 | Devise showing user already logged in on password reset,
I am using devise plugin for resetting the user password, i have this problem, so the scenario is like , when i send link for resetting the password it lands to a custom reset page, which have view for resetting the password , but the weird thing the user is already logged in , when it lands to that page, if i click on main tab without resetting the password, i can navigate like i am already logged in.
How can i make sure that user should not be already logged in, once i reset the password then it should login again to use the account.
Unexpected login sometimes happen if routes.rb allows two different signin path when different user models are used.
Run rake routes and check if there is new_user_session_path along with, for example, new_buyer_session_path.
If there is, fixing your routes might solve your problem.
Maybe you missing this line in your controller:
before_action :authenticate_user! except: :change_password
This will not login the user for that particular controller action.
Note that change_password will be the name of your controller action for changing the password.
| 257 | |
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philonicus%20rufipennis | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Philonicus rufipennis | https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philonicus rufipennis&action=history | Vietnamese | Spoken | 31 | 71 | Philonicus rufipennis là một loài ruồi trong họ Asilidae. Philonicus rufipennis được Hine miêu tả năm 1907. Loài này phân bố ở vùng Tân Bắc giới.
Chú thích
Tham khảo
Philonicus | 28,901 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45787076 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | Jaromanda X, Javier Rey, Obsidian Age, Phil, dbrree, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2341603, https://stackoverflow.com/users/283366, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3922265, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4462888, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5053002 | English | Spoken | 966 | 2,183 | Undefined JSON error in console when using .getJSON but not using embedded data
Could anyone help explain to me why my console.log(tooltipValues is coming back as undefined when the console.log(tooltipJSON) is populating no problem?
I'm not entirely sure why, but when I just place the data inside of my JS, it works just fine. But as soon as I export the data to a JSON file it breaks. To be clear, I can console.log(tooltipJSON) no problem when it's an external JSON file. Super stuck on this as I can't have embedded JSON due to it longterm holding 1000's of records.
var tooltipJSON;
$.getJSON("js/tooltips.json", function (data) {
tooltipJSON = data;
$('.skill, .trinket, .hero').hover(
function() {
var tooltipValues = tooltipJSON[$(this).data("tooltip")];
console.log(tooltipValues);
console.log(tooltipJSON);
if(!tooltipValues)return;
var tooltip = $("<div class='tp-popup'><div>" + tooltipValues.value1 + "</div><div>" + tooltipValues.value2 + "</div></div>")
.css({
'color': '#fff',
'position': 'absolute',
'zIndex': '99999',
'width': '100px',
'height': '150px',
'background-color': '#333',
});
$(this).append(tooltip);
$(document).on('mousemove', function(e) {
$('.tp-popup').css({
left: e.pageX,
top: e.pageY,
});
});
},
function() {
$('.tp-popup').remove();
}
);
});
EXTERNAL JSON USED IN THE ABOVE:
[
{
"skill-one": {
"value1": "skill-one value1",
"value2": "skill-one value2",
"value3": "skill-one value3"
},
"trinket-two": {
"value1": "trinket-two value1",
"value2": "trinket-two value2",
"value3": "trinket-two value3"
}
}
]
This returns with no issues though?
tooltipJSON = {
"skill-one": {
"value1": "skill-one value1",
"value2": "skill-one value2",
"value3": "skill-one value3"
},
"trinket-two": {
"value1": "trinket-two value1",
"value2": "trinket-two value2",
"value3": "trinket-two value3"
},
}
$('.skill, .trinket, .hero').hover(
function() {
var tooltipValues = tooltipJSON[$(this).data("tooltip")];
console.log(tooltipValues);
console.log(tooltipJSON);
if(!tooltipValues)return;
var tooltip = $("<div class='tp-popup'><div>" + tooltipValues.value1 + "</div><div>" + tooltipValues.value2 + "</div></div>")
.css({
'color': '#fff',
'position': 'absolute',
'zIndex': '99999',
'width': '100px',
'height': '150px',
'background-color': '#333',
});
$(this).append(tooltip);
$(document).on('mousemove', function(e) {
$('.tp-popup').css({
left: e.pageX,
top: e.pageY,
});
});
},
function() {
$('.tp-popup').remove();
}
);
This is the code to focus on, for whatever reason console.log(tooltipValues); doesn't work with the external JSON, but the console log of the JSON itself works and populates no issues. Note that both consoles.log's work with embedded internal JSON.
$('.skill, .trinket, .hero').hover(
function() {
var tooltipValues = tooltipJSON[$(this).data("tooltip")];
console.log(tooltipValues);
console.log(tooltipJSON);
Have you tried using JSON.parse()?
Instead of $(this).data("tooltip") ?
It seems that in the first case $(this).data("tooltip") is not defined. Can you log this value in both cases and check that the entry is in the data parameter? A snippet or a fiddle link would help.
@JavierRey, data("tooltip") is in both instances(using external JSON and embedded JSON). It's in my HTML tags as data-tooltip. For example : <div class="skill s-inner col-xs-1" data-tooltip="skill-one" >
Also, I didn't want to provide HTML, etc... because it's obviously an issue with the external JSON call or the .getJSON method I'm using. Everything works no issue with the embedded JSON data, it's only when I convert it to external data.
If data("tooltip") is correct and present in tooltipJSON in both cases, the only thing I can think of is an ecoding problem with the file js/tooltips.json. Try to save it with a text editor like Notepad++, setting the encoding as UTF-8 without BOM. Or maybe just the Notepad, saving as UTF-8. Also, remove the last comma in your JSON content, it can be a syntax error.
when you console.log(tooltipJSON); is the output an object like the hardcoded version, or is it a string?
it's an object. And my code all works when the code is embedded, it's only when I place it in an external JSON file that all of a sudden it doesn't work. But to be clear here, I can still console.log the JSON as an external file, it's only when I do the data("tooltip) portion and all of a sudden the JSON comes back as undefined.
making a plunker atm.
I added an edit to show the block of code I'm having issues with. Also, fake out on the plunker, it doesn't work with jquery for some reason. Jsfiddle and everything else don't allow 'external' files unless it's already hosted somewhere. With Plunker I could make a .json file.
@ObsidianAge jQuery's $.getJSON has already parsed the response into an object. Using JSON.parse would result in an error
@dbrree check your browser's Network console and inspect the JSON response. Make sure it looks correct
Added the JSON that's in the external file. Nothing changes aside from that. If I revert back to the embedded internal JSON, it works perfectly fine.
JQuery's getJSON method works differently across different JQuery versions, giving silent errors unless you implement the fail callback. You have a trailing comma before the end of your JSON content that is causing the method to fail. Also, I was using JQuery 2.1 and the method did not show anything. I upgraded to version 3.1.1 and then traced and fixed the error. Below is the relevant code of my test.
var tooltipJSON;
$.getJSON("js/tooltips.json", function (data) {
tooltipJSON = data;
console.log("data", data);
var key = $(this).data("tooltip"), tooltipValues = tooltipJSON[key];
console.log("'"+key+"'", tooltipValues);
}).fail(function (err) {
console.log("error", err);
});
The external JSON should be an object {...} rather than an array containing an object [{...}]:
{
"skill-one": {
"value1": "skill-one value1",
"value2": "skill-one value2",
"value3": "skill-one value3"
},
"trinket-two": {
"value1": "trinket-two value1",
"value2": "trinket-two value2",
"value3": "trinket-two value3"
}
}
Yeah, no clue what's up man. Shit is still undefined. As soon as I revert back to embedded json though it works perfectly fine.
the console.log("data", data); works, but anything past that point still shows as undefined. I'll edit my original post with my external JSON file so you can see that there is nothing wrong with it. This is making me LOSE MY MIND.
But the external JSON file is an array, rather than a plain object. Remove the enclosing brackets [{...}] and leave only the braces {...} see above.
Boom, can't BELIEVE that was the problem. Been losing my mind for the past two days over this.
Finally. Congrats!
| 6,485 |
https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Лошкинети | https://ce.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Лошкинети&action=history | Chechen | Spoken | 20 | 80 | Лошкинети () — Гуьржийчоьнан Шида-Картлин Карелин муниципалитетан эвла. Бахархойн дукхалла 0 стаг (2014 шо).
Билгалдахарш
Карелин муниципалитетан нах беха меттигаш | 8,495 |
https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AA | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | حات محيت | https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=حات محيت&action=history | Egyptian Arabic | Spoken | 58 | 151 | حات محيت (او حات إم حيت) فى الديانه المصريه القديمه كانت إلهه السمك فى المنطقه المحيطه بمدينه بر با نب جت فى دلتا النيل (منديس - محافظه الدقهليه), فى الرسومات و التماثيل كانت بتتصور على شكل سمكه او ست حامله سمكه او تاج على راسها و كانت كذك ربه الحياه و الحمايه.
لينكات برانيه
مصادر
دين مصرى قديم | 11,039 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67407438 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,021 | Stack Exchange | CSharpRocks, Karel Bém, https://stackoverflow.com/users/449266, https://stackoverflow.com/users/793891 | English | Spoken | 109 | 183 | What are my options to run .Net Core App 24 X 7 in Azure
What are my options in Azure where my App should be up & Running 24 X 7 ?
The app is intended to receive events.
I don't need Invokable URL to receive the event, it is happening inside the code itself.
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-ca/services/
I am trying to solve the same problem. What did you end up with finally? One solution would be to run the app in VM but I hope there is more managed solution (with restricted restarts or something)
You can deploy your code to azure web jobs and make it continuous trigger.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/webjobs-dotnet-deploy-vs
| 14,973 |
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petjenga | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Petjenga | https://da.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petjenga&action=history | Danish | Spoken | 50 | 105 | Petjenga (, ; ) er en elv i Murmansk oblast i Rusland. Den har sine kilder øst for Pasvikdalen og syd for Nikel. Den løber ud i Petsamofjorden ved byen Petjenga.
Elven er stærkt forurenet af tungmetaller på grund af minedrift i afvandingsområdet.
Referencer
Eksterne henvisninger
Floder i Murmansk oblast | 34,356 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5004542 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,011 | Stack Exchange | Dref Otneb, Eddy Ndumia, Gabe, Jim Mischel, Medo91code, Moanis Mahameed, Paul R, Rodrigo Sousa, SLaks, https://stackoverflow.com/users/10636019, https://stackoverflow.com/users/10636020, https://stackoverflow.com/users/10636021, https://stackoverflow.com/users/10636060, https://stackoverflow.com/users/10636135, https://stackoverflow.com/users/10637519, https://stackoverflow.com/users/10640629, https://stackoverflow.com/users/253056, https://stackoverflow.com/users/310574, https://stackoverflow.com/users/34397, https://stackoverflow.com/users/56778, reem essam, user10640629 | English | Spoken | 683 | 940 | Simple question: Can x86 apps take advantage of the extra RAM a x64 OS gives?
I hope someone with a bit of knowledge can clear this up. There's many discussions about the reasons to run a 64-bit OS (e.g. Windows 7 x64), but many people seem to think that their old x86 apps will be able to take advantage of any RAM greater than 3.5GB.
As I understand it, though, x86 apps cannot address memory that high... unless they've been specifically programmed to (which very few will have).
Can someone knowledgeable clear this up for me, once and for all? Can 32-bit apps take advantage of a system running 8GB of RAM?
E.g. If a user decided (for whatever reason) to run several x86 apps at once, filling the RAM as much as possible, would the extra addressable memory available in Windows 7 x64 be used?
Thanks!
Belongs on http://superuser.com ?
On a 64 bit system, 32 bit applications are able to use the full 4GB virtual address space, minus about 64K. A default 32 bit windows system will only allow a 32 bit process to use 2 GB of virtual address space. By specially configuring the OS it's possible to push that limit up to 3 GB, but it's still not as good as what you would get on a 64 bit version of windows.
If you have 8GB of ram, that 8 GB can be divided up between multiple 32 bit processes, and the entire 8 GB will be utilized if necessary. However, no single 32 bit process will be allocated more than 4 GB of memory.
Although i don't have sources to cite, but from my knowledge: 32bit app will not be able to address more than 4GB of memory itself, unless it uses some tricks(that is very unlikely), but if you have some 32bit apps running at the same time, they can all have 4GB each, and thus two 32bit apps should be able to use all 8GB of memory. Though I'm not 100% sure.
Be 100% sure. That's one of the benefits of a virtual address space.
Adding to the other (correct) answers:
Instead of the term "application" the word "process" should be used. Applications often consist of multiple processes whereas the limits discussed here apply to single processes.
Thus applications benefit from x64 that either are linked with the LARGEADDRESSAWARE flag (they can use 4 GB instead of 2 GB) or that share the load between multiple processes.
32-bit processes can work with more than 4 GB RAM even on 32-bit systems by using AWE. But a 32-bit process can only ever use 2 GB at once (4 GB with LARGEADDRESSAWARE on 64 bit respectively). AWE is primarily used by databases where it is essential for performance that the entire database fit into RAM. It works by providing a 2 GB window into a larger chunk of memory.
Here are some articles for further reading:
Windows x64 – All the Same Yet Very Different, Part 1: Virtual Memory
Windows x64 – All the Same Yet Very Different, Part 2: Kernel Memory, /3GB, PTEs, (Non-) Paged Pool
x64? My Terminal Servers Run Just Fine With 32 Bits and 8/12/16 GB RAM!
Yes. x86 apps cannot use more than 2GB of memory at once without special tricks, but they can use any memory available.
@Gabe: Yes, I would say so—normal apps don't have it.
True, but you don't have to recompile.
E.g. If a user decided (for whatever
reason) to run several x86 apps at
once, filling the RAM as much as
possible, would the extra addressable
memory available in Windows 7 x64 be
used?
The answer is yes. That's one of the benefits a virtual address space gives us--the ability for each process to appear (to the process) as though it's executing in a linear address space that starts at 0 and goes up from there.
As far as each of the 32-bit applications is concerned, it has its own address space from 0 to 2 gigabytes (without special tricks). The operating system handles the virtual-to-physical address translation.
| 7,015 |
https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maika-66%20a%20meridiano%20daya | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Maika-66 a meridiano daya | https://ilo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maika-66 a meridiano daya&action=history | Iloko | Spoken | 261 | 722 | Ti 66° a meridiano daya ti Greenwich ket ti linia ti longitud nga umabot manipud iti Amianan nga Ungto iti ballasiw ti Taaw Artiko, Europa, Asia, ti Taaw Indiano, ti Akin-abagatan a Taaw, ken ti Antartika aginggana iti Abagatan nga Ungto.
Ti maika-66 a meridiano daya ket mangporma ti nalatak a sirkulo a kakuyogna ti maika-114 a meridiano laud.
Manipud iti Ungto aginggana iti Ungto
Mangrugi iti Amianan nga Ungto ken mapan nga agpaabagatan iti Abagatan nga Ungto, ti maika-66 a meridiano daya ket lumabas iti:
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width="145" | Nagsasabtan
! scope="col" | Pagilian, teritorio wenno baybay
! scope="col" | Dagiti nota
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Taaw Artiko
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Lumabas bassit iti daya ti Isla Graham Bell, Daga Franz Josef,
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Baybay Barents
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Isla Severny, Novaya Zemlya
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Baybay Kara
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Balochistan
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Taaw Indiano
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Akin-abagatan a Taaw
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
! scope="row" | Antartika
| Teritorrio ti Antartiko ti Australia, tinunton babaen ti
|-
|}
Kitaen pay
Maika-65 a meridiano daya
Maika-67 a meridiano daya
Dagiti linia ti longitud | 995 |
https://ja.stackoverflow.com/questions/41629 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,018 | Stack Exchange | Hir, htb, https://ja.stackoverflow.com/users/12304, https://ja.stackoverflow.com/users/2238 | Japanese (Japanese script) | Spoken | 57 | 473 | iBeacon バックグラウンドで検知したビーコンの major と minor を知る方法はありますか？
バックグランドで検知したビーコンの major と minor を知りたい
バックグラウンド処理では RangingBeaconsInRegion が使えないので MonitoringForRegion を使って検知をしていますが、MonitoringForRegion では UUID しかわからず major と minor がわかりません。
バックグラウンドでも major と minor を知る方法がないかを探しています。
もし MonitoringForRegion でも major と minor を取る方法か、代替手段があれば教えていただけますでしょうか。
よろしくお願いします。
マルチポスト https://teratail.com/questions/112882
マルチポストのご指摘ですが、テラテイルとここでは読む方が違うのと、色々な意見が欲しかったため、両方に投稿しております。
解決した情報は、どちらにも反映しております。
よろしくお願いします。
回答しようとする方への情報提供ですので、質問者さんはお気になさらず。
自己解決になりますが無事解決できました。
initWithProximity で UUID の他に major と minor を指定することで、MonitoringForRegion でも major と minor を取得することができました。
もし同様なことでお困りの方のご参考になれば幸いです
| 29,272 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38404068 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,016 | Stack Exchange | Mihai Nita, Sameh Ayoub, https://stackoverflow.com/users/53276, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6119308 | English | Spoken | 557 | 744 | Looking for a test string with a char from all languages
For I18n testing, I'm looking for a test string that have a good representation of all commonly used languages (supported by UTF-8) and have all the special chars of these languages that normally have issues in display.
Will use this test string to keep sure that our system process these languages correctly and have the correct font that can display all these languages correctly.
E.g. the sample text should have chars from latin languages, Far East Languages, right to left languages...
There is no clear answer to your question, as it is full of ambiguous terms, for instance "commonly used languages" or "normally have issues in display". This is highly dependent on OS, OS version, the text engine used to display the text, fonts installed. Pretty much the whole tech stack.
Sprinkling "all" in the question (all the special chars, all ... languages) make any answer useless.
You will looking at a string of tens thousands of characters. Then you have a lot of combining marks, and ligatures. Do you want to check all of those combinations too? Those might also have "issues in display"
If all you want to do is check that your application works in (most) languages, try taking some (not all) characters from each Unicode block. Might also want to avoid historical scripts (i.e. cuneiform, Egyptian hieroglyphs, etc.) the are not covered by common fonts.
In general, if you application does not corrupt the string somehow, it will render properly. And if it does not, then it is not your app at fault, it is some limitation in the underlying technology (i.e. the Windows console)
If you explain what you are trying to do, you might get a better answer.
Or you can just search for internationalization testing.
Sorry if my question looked ambiguous to you. I'm looking for a sample text that contains language samples to test with. E.g. Latin languages can be tested by è. Japanese with あ, Arabic أهلا and so on. I can come up with a Sample chars for some languages, but not for all languages that is supported by UTF-8. I want to use this text to test the backend and the font that I'm using in my browser(s) can display these languages. I'm working in web app with backend that uses many technologies (Java, Node, JS, Cassandra, ES...). Using this text will help to discover any issues of any layer.
It is ambiguous in that it uses words without a clear definition. What is "commonly used language"? 30 million speakers? 10? 5?
Same for "normally have issues". "Normally" depends heavily on OS and technology stack.
Then the use of "all". Your example uses one character for Arabic, one for Japanese. But you asked for "all the special chars", and that means thousands on characters for Japanese
Assuming what you want is securely "being reasonably confident" that you can render content in "most" languages, I have recommended an approach: go by Unicode blocks and take 1-2 characters from each. This does not solve your request for "all characters", but it is reasonable. There is no good reason for two Japanese characters to show and for other 7000 not to show, unless your code damages them somehow, or are very rare and not present in the font.
| 45,349 |
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz%20Hordt | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Tadeusz Hordt | https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tadeusz Hordt&action=history | Polish | Spoken | 413 | 1,034 | Tadeusz Józef Hordt (ur. 28 sierpnia 1901 w Medenicach, zm. 18 listopada 1983 we Wrocławiu) – major piechoty Wojska Polskiego.
Życiorys
Był długoletnim oficerem 5 pułku piechoty Legionów w Wilnie. 3 maja 1922 roku został zweryfikowany w stopniu podporucznika ze starszeństwem z dniem 1 listopada 1919 roku i 793. lokatą w korpusie oficerów piechoty. Na porucznika został awansowany ze starszeństwem z dniem 1 stycznia 1921 roku i 17. lokatą w korpusie oficerów piechoty.
26 marca 1931 roku został przeniesiony do Szkoły Podchorążych Piechoty w Ostrowi Mazowieckiej. 17 grudnia 1931 roku został awansowany na kapitana ze starszeństwem z dniem 1 stycznia 1932 roku i 41. lokatą w korpusie oficerów piechoty. W latach 1933–1935 pełnił służbę w 59 pułku piechoty wielkopolskiej w Inowrocławiu. Później został przeniesiony do Korpusu Ochrony Pogranicza.
Na majora został awansowany ze starszeństwem z dniem 19 marca 1939 roku i 60. lokatą w korpusie oficerów piechoty. Do wiosny 1939 roku dowodził 4 kompanią graniczną „Olkieniki”.
Do mobilizacji sierpniowej 1939 roku był zastępcą dowódcy batalionu KOP „Orany”. 24 sierpnia 1939 roku w Porzeczu zmobilizował i objął dowództwo I batalionu 134 pułku piechoty (rezerwowego). Na czele tego oddziału walczył w kampanii wrześniowej. 10 września podczas postoju w lasach w okolicach wsi Majdan I batalion 134 pp mjr Hordta wraz z dywizyjną kompanią przeciwpancerną odparł atak zagonu pancernego i ogniem 7 dział przeciwpancernych zniszczył około 20 niemieckich czołgów . 27 września 1939 roku w Tereszpolu dowodzony przez niego oddział złożył broń.
W latach 1939–1945 przebywał w niewoli niemieckiej, w Oflagu VII A Murnau. Po uwolnieniu z niewoli dowodził II baonem ochronnym w Niederlangen. Mieszkał we Wrocławiu przy ulicy Wojszyckiej 23. We wrześniu 1946 roku powrócił do kraju. Zmarł 18 listopada 1983 roku we Wrocławiu. 24 listopada 1983 roku pochowany na Cmentarzu Grabiszyńskim (pole 32, rząd 26(2od p.24), grób 666).
Ordery i odznaczenia
Krzyż Walecznych (dwukrotnie - „za czyny męstwa i odwagi wykazane w bojach toczonych w latach 1918–1921”)
Srebrny Krzyż Zasługi
Medal 10 Rocznicy Wojny Niepodległościowej (Łotwa)
Przypisy
Bibliografia
Dzienniki Personalne Ministerstwa Spraw Wojskowych.
Tadeusz Łaszczewski, Tadeusz Józef Hordt (1901–1983), Lubelszczyzna 1939 r. .
Jeńcy Oflagu VII A Murnau
Majorowie piechoty II Rzeczypospolitej
Majorowie piechoty Polskich Sił Zbrojnych
Odznaczeni Krzyżem Walecznych
Odznaczeni Srebrnym Krzyżem Zasługi (II Rzeczpospolita)
Oficerowie 5 Pułku Piechoty Legionów
Oficerowie 59 Pułku Piechoty Wielkopolskiej
Oficerowie batalionu KOP „Orany”
Oficerowie piechoty Korpusu Ochrony Pogranicza
Pochowani na Cmentarzu Grabiszyńskim we Wrocławiu
Polacy odznaczeni Medalem 10 Rocznicy Wojny Niepodległościowej
Uczestnicy kampanii wrześniowej (strona polska)
Uczestnicy wojny polsko-bolszewickiej (strona polska)
Urodzeni w 1901
Zmarli w 1983 | 33,935 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54836896 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,019 | Stack Exchange | MortiestMorty, Scott Arciszewski, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1820553, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1958480, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2224584, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5331601, jcuypers, kelalaka | English | Spoken | 344 | 775 | Port PHP encryption/decryption to Node.js
I'm trying to port over the following code to Node.js with no luck.
$output = false;
$key = hash( 'sha256', self::SECRET_KEY );
$iv = substr( hash( 'sha256', self::SECRET_IV ), 0, 16 );
if( $action == 'e' ) {
$output = base64_encode( openssl_encrypt( $string, self::ENCRYPT_METHOD, $key, 0, $iv ) );
}
else if( $action == 'd' ){
$output = openssl_decrypt( base64_decode( $string ), self::ENCRYPT_METHOD, $key, 0, $iv );
}
return $output;
This is where I am so far, but it's either spitting out gibberish or I get one of several errors.
var crypto = require('crypto'),
algorithm = ENCRYPT_METHOD,
password = SECRET_IV;
function encrypt(text){
var cipher = crypto.createCipher(algorithm, sha256(SECRET_KEY), sha256(SECRET_IV).substring(0,16))
let p = Buffer.from(text, 'utf8').toString('base64');
var crypted = cipher.update(p,'utf8','base64');
crypted += cipher.final('base64');
return crypted;
}
function sha256(data) {
return crypto.createHash("sha256").update(data).digest("hex");
}
function decrypt(text){
var decipher = crypto.createDecipher(algorithm, sha256(SECRET_KEY), sha256(SECRET_IV).substring(0,16));
decipher.setAutoPadding(false);
var dec = decipher.update(text,'base64','utf-8');
dec += decipher.final('utf8');
return dec;
}
I've tried decoding/encoding with base64, but this also does not work. Once I added setAutoPaddding to false, I started making some progress. I found on one thread that this is an issue when encoding/decoding from one language on Node.
Any help would be appreciated.
if I am not mistaken it would be easier to work with "transform" stream in nodejs. examples of transform streams are compression / crypto / ... as I recall streams als would better handle encoding. streams are very flexible.
@jcuypers - I haven't seen this yet. I'll dive into it. Big thanks
Did you check the output of hashes before encrypt? You don't need update and final. The update is useful for adding more data, the final applies padding if needed then encrypts.
Sorry, the hashes of encrypt? I'm not encrypting in JS. I've tried using crypto.createDecipher() without final and update, but no luck. Can you give an example?
Can I recommend using a library developed by security experts instead of rolling your own? CipherSweet does searchable encryption in both PHP and Node.js. (A stable v1.0.0 of the JS version is coming soon, probably within the week.)
| 1,279 |
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Далакайнарський сільський округ | https://uk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Далакайнарський сільський округ&action=history | Ukrainian | Spoken | 33 | 103 | Далакайна́рський сільський округ (, ) — адміністративна одиниця у складі Шуського району Жамбильської області Казахстану. Адміністративний центр — село Далакайнар.
Населення — 1358 осіб (2009; 1985 в 1999).
Примітки
Сільські округи Шуського району | 10,689 |
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20albolabris | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Amastra albolabris | https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amastra albolabris&action=history | Portuguese | Spoken | 21 | 53 | Amastra albolabris foi uma espécie de gastrópodes da família Amastridae.
Foi endémica dos Estados Unidos da América.
Referências
albolabris
Gastrópodes extintos | 31,125 |
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casuarina%20equisetifolia | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Casuarina equisetifolia | https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Casuarina equisetifolia&action=history | Italian | Spoken | 386 | 829 | La casuarina comune o casuarina delle spiagge (Casuarina equisetifolia L., 1759) è una pianta della famiglia Casuarinaceae.
Descrizione
È un albero dal fusto eretto, che può raggiungere l'altezza di 35 metri, con chioma di forma piramidale, di colore verde scuro. La corteccia è di colore bruno chiaro, liscia negli esemplari giovani, rugosa e più o meno sfibrata longitudinalmente in quelli più vetusti.
I rametti sono verdi, composti da segmenti articolati, che si assottigliano e si accorciano verso l'estremità, caratteristica che ricorda gli equiseti.
Le foglie sono triangolari, membranose, lunghe 1 mm o poco più, disposte in verticilli in corrispondenza dei nodi.
I fiori sono brunastri, a sessi separati: quelli maschili sono disposti in spighe terminali, lunghe 1–6 cm, ciascuno con un solo stame; quelli femminili sono aggregati a formare piccoli coni globosi, lunghi 1–2 cm.
I frutti sono legnosi, simili alle pigne delle conifere, di colore marrone a maturità; sono formati da piccole capsule, che a maturità si aprono in due valve, liberando numerosi semi alati.
Biologia
È una specie pioniera in grado di colonizzare suoli poveri di nutrienti, grazie alla sua capacità di fissare l'azoto atmosferico per la presenza nel suo apparato radicale di actinorrize: si tratta di noduli radicali simili a quelli riscontrati nelle Fabaceae, che si formano come conseguenza della simbiosi con attinomiceti del genere Frankia. Tollera un grado elevato di salinità e può sopportare anche transitori allagamenti del suolo.
Distribuzione e habitat
L'areale della specie si estende dalla Birmania e dal Vietnam attraverso la Malaysia a est sino alla Polinesia Francese, la Nuova Caledonia e Vanuatu, e a sud sino all'Australia (Territorio del Nord, Queensland e Nuovo Galles del Sud). Popolazioni sono presenti in Madagascar, ma potrebbe trattarsi di specie introdotta. La specie è stata introdotta nelle isole Hawaii, in Messico, in Florida, a Porto Rico, nelle Bahamas, e in molte altre isole dei Caraibi, divenendo in alcuni casi una specie invasiva. È presente anche in Italia, dove è stata introdotta come pianta ornamentale e si è naturalizzata in Sicilia, Sardegna, Lazio e Puglia.
Cresce in habitat costieri in prossimità del mare: la si trova prevalentemente sulle spiagge e sulle dune costiere, ma talora anche su terreni rocciosi, in ambienti paludosi e in prossimità dei mangrovieti.
Note
Voci correlate
Actinorriza
Altri progetti
Collegamenti esterni
http://dryades.units.it/torlonia/?procedure=taxon_page&id=8425&num=9545
http://www.giardinaggio.org/alberi/alberi-latifolie/casuarina-comune.asp
http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=casuarina+equisetifolia
Casuarinaceae
Taxa classificati da Linneo | 8,508 |
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafenstadt%20%28Film%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Hafenstadt (Film) | https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hafenstadt (Film)&action=history | German | Spoken | 644 | 1,231 | Hafenstadt (Originaltitel: Hamnstad) ist ein in Schwarzweiß gedrehtes schwedisches Filmdrama von Ingmar Bergman aus dem Jahr 1948.
Handlung
Der Matrose Gösta beschließt nach acht Jahren auf See, seinen Beruf aufzugeben, und geht in Göteborg an Land. Kurz nach dem Anlegen wird er Zeuge, wie ein Mädchen, das sich im Hafenbecken ertränken wollte, gerettet wird. Bald darauf begegnet er in einem Tanzlokal Berit wieder, der jungen Frau, die sich umzubringen versuchte. Nach einer gemeinsamen Nacht in der Wohnung ihrer Eltern verabreden sie ein Wiedersehen. Anschließend kommt es zum Streit zwischen Berit und ihrer Mutter, die ihr droht, sie zurück ins Erziehungsheim zu schicken. Berits Mutter verständigt die Sozialarbeiterin Frau Vilander, die Berit an ihrem Arbeitsplatz in einer Fabrik aufsucht. Ihr Bruder, Ingenieur Vilander, setzt sich dafür ein, Berit eine Chance zu geben.
Gösta und Berit mieten sich für ein Wochenende in einem Hotel ein, um Zeit für sich zu haben. Berit bekennt, dass sie nach wiederholten Enttäuschungen Angst hat, sich auf eine Beziehung einzulassen. Im Hotel begegnet sie Gertrud, die sie aus der Zeit im Erziehungsheim kennt. Berit beschließt, Gösta über ihre Vergangenheit aufzuklären: Um ihrem von Auseinandersetzungen gezeichneten Elternhaus zu entkommen, brannte sie mit dem jungen Thomas durch, woraufhin ihre Mutter sie in die Obhut des Jugendamts übergab. Nach ihrer Rückkehr ließ sie sich wiederholt auf Beziehungen ein; die letzte endete so unglücklich, dass sie einen Selbstmordversuch unternahm. Gösta ist enttäuscht über ihren Lebenswandel.
Als es nach einer illegalen Abtreibung Gertruds zu Komplikationen kommt, ersucht Berit Gösta verzweifelt um Hilfe. Bis sie sich entschließen, die Ambulanz zu rufen, ist es zu spät; Gertrud stirbt an den Folgen des Eingriffs. Bei der Vernehmung weigert Berit sich, zu verraten, wer die Abtreibung vorgenommen hat. Die Frauen, die heimliche Schwangerschaftsabbrüche ermöglichten, seien oftmals die einzige Hoffnung für Mädchen wie Gertrud und sie, meint Berit. Erst als man ihr mit Gefängnis droht, gibt sie den Namen preis.
Gösta will die Beziehung zu Berit beenden, erkennt aber, dass er sie liebt. Um der permanenten Überwachung durch die Behörden zu entkommen, verhandeln er und Berit mit einem Kapitän, der sie außer Landes bringen soll. Im letzten Moment entscheiden sie sich gegen die Flucht: Gemeinsam, so sind sie überzeugt, werden sie allen Schwierigkeiten trotzen.
Hintergrund
Produktion und Filmstart
1948 erwarb die Produktionsgesellschaft Svensk Filmindustri Olle Länsbergs Manuskript Guldet och murarna (deutsch „Gold und Mauern“) und bot Bergman, nach der Überarbeitung des Stoffes, die Regie bei der Verfilmung an. Hafenstadt entstand in Göteborg, Hindås und in den Filmstudios in Filmstaden nahe Stockholm zwischen Mai und Juli 1948. In Schweden lief der Film am 4. Oktober 1948 an, in der BRD am 16. November 1951.
Position in Bergmans Werk
Hafenstadt war die erste Zusammenarbeit von Bergman und Kameramann Gunnar Fischer, die mit wenigen Ausnahmen bis zu Das Teufelsauge (1960) anhielt. In kleinen Rollen sind Erik Hell und Stig Olin zu sehen, die regelmäßig in Bergmans späteren Filmen zu sehen sein sollten.
Einige Szenen des Films wurden im Hafen von Göteborg gedreht und zeigen den Arbeitsalltag der dort tätigen Arbeiter. Bergman-Biograf Hauke Lange-Fuchs betrachtete Hafenstadt wegen seines realistischen Stils als Ausnahme im Schaffen Bergmans. Der Regisseur selbst bezeichnete den Neorealismus und insbesondere Roberto Rossellini als wichtigen Einfluss auf seinen Film, und als dessen Fehler die Unentschiedenheit zwischen studiogebundenen Innen- und halbdokumentarischen Außenaufnahmen.
Kritiken
Das Kritikerurteil in Schweden war gemischt. Während Aftonbladet und Stockholms-Tidningen sich enttäuscht äußerten, schrieb Expressen: „Diejenigen unter uns, nach deren Ansicht der Inhalt die Form eines Films bestimmen sollte, werden in ‚Hafenstadt‘ Bergmans bis dato reifsten Film sehen. Das Werk eines klugen und fähigen Regisseurs.“
Das Lexikon des internationalen Films schrieb: „Mädchenschicksale in einer Erziehungsanstalt in Göteborg zeigen die ohnmächtige Auflehnung Jugendlicher gegen eine verständnislose, saturierte Erwachsenenwelt. Der tief pessimistische Film ist in quasidokumentarischem Stil gedreht. Ingmar Bergman [war] zu dieser Zeit noch auf der Suche nach eigenen Ausdrucksformen.“
Literatur
Weblinks
Einzelnachweise
Filmtitel 1948
Schwedischer Film
Filmdrama
Jugendfilm
Schwarzweißfilm
Ingmar Bergman | 38,110 |
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/73472 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | CowperKettle, https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/users/16683, https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/users/7213, orthocresol | English | Spoken | 1,059 | 1,889 | Why does silver oxide form a coordination complex when treated with ammonia?
Part of the preparation of Tollens' reagent occurs according to the formula:
$$\ce{Ag2O (s) + 4 NH3 + 2 NaNO3 + H2O → 2 [Ag(NH3)2]NO3 + 2 NaOH}$$
I wonder how exactly the oxygen gets "unstuck" from the silver under the influence of ammonia. I've read about coordination complexes, so I understand what $\ce{[Ag(NH3)2]NO3}$ is, but I'm puzzled at what exactly happens to pull that oxygen apart from $\ce{Ag2O}$
I've done very little exploration of the issue, so this may be too basic a question - in which case just please give a hint on what to read up.
I found this (now deleted) comment:
$\ce{NH3}$ dissolves silver oxide because the nitrogen has a pair of electrons that it can share with the silver forming a diammine complex. It has nothing to do with pH adjustment. – A.K. Jan 20 '16 at 17:17
Chemguide states this:
This is made from silver(I) nitrate solution. You add a drop of sodium hydroxide solution to give a precipitate of silver(I) oxide, and then add just enough dilute ammonia solution to redissolve the precipitate.
I'm stashing this for future reading: Mechanism of Tollen's test and Purpose of ammine in Tollen's reagent
It's quite elementary (perhaps). Silver (and gold) are known to show two main coordination numbers in its compounds, namely, $2$ and $4$. To start, we can consider $\ce{[Ag(OH)2]-}$ to be our initial complex as in aqueous solutions it can be thought of to be existing in an equilibrium with $\ce{Ag2O}$. See footnote [1].
A quick glance at the order for the strength of ligands tells us that $\ce{NH3}$ is a stronger ligand than $\ce{OH-}$. What I now intend to do is to compare the thermodynamic stability of $\ce{[Ag(OH)2]-}$ with that of the diammine complex $\ce{[Ag(NH3)2]+}$.
The strength of ligands is directly proportional to the thermal stability of a complex so yes, the diammine complex is more stable.
A similar case is seen with copper(I). Cyanide complexes of copper(I) are known to be extremely stable and hence it prefers forming a complex with cyanide over other ligands.
[1] Nevertheless, saying this may be highly controversial because Ellingham diagrams tell us that $\ce{Ag(OH)}$ being unstable gets converted into $\ce{Ag2O}$ which is a much more stable compound for silver to be in. However in aqueous solutions, an equilibrium of such a kind can always exist.
How do you quantify the "strength" of a ligand? Different ligands bind to different metals with different affinities, and the usual way to measure this affinity is by the formation constant of the complex $$\ce{M + n L <=> ML_n}; \qquad K_\mathrm d = \frac{[\ce{ML_n}]}{[\ce{M}][\ce{L}]^n}.$$ Your argument then becomes tautological, because it is essentially now "it is more thermodynamically stable because it is more thermodynamically stable".
Some thoughts on the issue received via email from Jim Clark, the author of the Chemguide website. I hope these thoughts will prove helpful to readers, thus I post them here (with the author's permission).
I don’t really see the problem here. The silver oxide is formed in the reaction by adding hydroxide ions to silver(I) ions. Instead of precipitating silver(I) hydroxide, it dehydrates (either totally or partially - I don’t know) to silver(I) oxide. But as with any other insoluble compound, there will be an equilibrium between the solid compound and its ions in solution - albeit strongly to the solid side of the equilibrium.
When you add ammonia solution, it complexes with silver(I) ions to give diamminesilver(I) ions which are soluble. The equilibrium position of that reaction is well to the complex side.
So you can think of this in two ways.
The ammonia reacts with silver(I) ions in the solid silver(I) oxide and goes into solution. The oxide ions react with water to produce hydroxide ions. Or...
The ammonia reacts with the tiny amount of silver(I) ions already in solution, and the precipitation equilibrium shifts to replace them. The solid therefore goes back into solution producing the hydroxide ions that were added originally, but with the silver ions now mainly complexed.
The first way is not only simpler, but also, of course, applies to any solid silver(I) oxide you might have - for example a silver(I) oxide tarnish on some item of silver which can be removed by wiping it with ammonia solution (a source of both ammonia to complex the silver ions and water to react with the oxide ions.
Actually both comments perhaps, to quote:
"because Ellingham Diagrams tell us that Ag(OH) being unstable gets converted into Ag2O which is a much more stable compound for silver to be in. However in aqueous solutions, an equilibrium of such a kind can always exist"
"NH3 is a stronger ligand than OH−"
Assuming a starting Ag2O presence from the reaction, some Ag+ ions from limited solubility, and noting, "a ppt of AgOH appears and dissolves in excess ammonia", see https://books.google.com/books?id=uwJbSFRIqyAC&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=radical+attack+on+silver+Ag+%2B+%E2%80%A2OH++--%3E+AgOH&source=bl&ots=jG9-2NG9x3&sig=V9nVefopAXXKP3lFnxQYnJriG14&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjasar_g7ffAhWlhOAKHQEDA_4Q6AEwGHoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false :
2 AgOH = Ag2O + H2O
both comments may be right.
Further, in the presence of visible light leading to the photocatalyst Ag2O/Ag, which per research out of P.R. China (published 2011 in the ‘Chemistry, a European Journal’), which has been cited as a powerful stable visible light photocatalyst capable of generating electrons (e-) and holes (h+) (see https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/chem.201101032 ):
Ag2O/Ag + hv --> e− + h+
With electrons:
Ag+ + e- --> Ag
And, in the presence of active electron holes, any OH- created via:
XOH = X+ + OH- (where X = H or NH3 or Ag)
could be converted into •OH radical:
OH- (aq) + h+ --> •OH (aq)
which may attack Silver metal directly (see https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08081?src=recsys&journalCode=jpcafh and superacidity related redox couples at http://beta.chem.uw.edu.pl/people/WGrochala/Ag2+_mechanism.pdf, and more generally radical attacks on metals in their lower valence states at https://srd.nist.gov/NSRDS/NSRDS-NBS-65.pdf , where one could postulate the half cell reactions: Ag = Ag+ + e- and •OH + e- = OH- with the net reaction below):
Ag + •OH (aq) --> AgOH (aq)
2 AgOH = Ag2O + H2O
Or: AgOH (aq) = Ag+ (aq) + OH- (aq) (based on some limited solubility of Ag2O)
producing the oxygen free Silver ion to complex with NH3 (or OH-, depending on the respect ion concentration) in a photo cyclic reaction. Note: the hydroxyl radical can be largely scavenged at high ammonia concentration (creating •NH2), so this path is pH sensitive.
| 12,573 |
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsea%20taal | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Tonsea taal | https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tonsea taal&action=history | Afrikaans | Spoken | 28 | 62 | Tonsea (Tonsea') is 'n Austronesische taal van die noordelike punt van Sulawesi, Indonesië. Dit is deel van die Minahasan tak van die Filippynse tale.
Verwysings
Tale van Indonesië | 23,576 |
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigante%20Brazil | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Gigante Brazil | https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gigante Brazil&action=history | Portuguese | Spoken | 310 | 599 | Gigante Brazil, nome artístico de Jorge Luiz de Souza (Rio de Janeiro, 25 de abril de 1952 — São Paulo, 20 de setembro de 2008) foi um baterista e cantor brasileiro. Considerado um dos mais importantes do movimento Vanguarda Paulista, ele era conhecido também por seu trabalho com a banda Isca de Polícia.
Biografia
Iniciou a carreira em 1969, como integrante da banda Massa Experiência. Em 1972, chegou em São Paulo acompanhando Jorge Mautner. Em 1975, formou a banda Sindicato.
Participou da final do festival MPB 80 (Rede Globo), ao lado de Chico Evangelista, com a canção "Rastapé".
Tocou ainda com grandes nomes da MPB como Marisa Monte (teve grande exposição ao participar do disco e show "Mais". Eram de Gigante os vocais na faixa Ensaboa), Gilberto Gil, Vânia Bastos, Caetano Veloso, Itamar Assumpção, entre outros.
Faleceu no dia 20 de setembro de 2008, aos 56 anos, após uma parada cardíaca sofrida enquanto dormia, em casa.
No ano seguinte, Gigante Brasil foi homenageado, junto com Itamar Assumpção, no show Pelô de Vanguarda, no Centro Histórico de Salvador, do qual participaram Arrigo Barnabé, Jards Macalé, Lanny Gordin, Mariella Santiago, Márcia Castro e Luiz Chagas, jornalista e guitarrista da banda de Itamar, Isca de Polícia, a qual Gigante também integrava.
Estilo
Luiz Chagas, jornalista e músico, que tocou com o Gigante Brazil na banda na Isca de Polícia, fez o seguinte comentário a respeito do estilo musical de Gigante Brazil (texto publicado na revista Brasileiros):
Segundo a revista Rolling Stone Brasil, "preciso, ele era certeza de uma cozinha perfeita em qualquer show e disco que participasse: tinha "trovões nas mãos" e segurava perfeitamente tanto uma sessão de improviso ou quando fornecia a leve cama para o brilho de um intérprete."
Discografia
Prêmios e Indicações
Links Externos
Página do músico no Dicionário Cravo Albin
Nascidos em 1952
Mortos em 2008
Bateristas do Brasil | 6,871 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18280135 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,013 | Stack Exchange | English | Spoken | 140 | 338 | How to Bind Enum with a radio Button in Blend ?
I have two projects in my solution. One is WPF and another one is ClassLibrary. In my Class Library project I have an Enum and I bound it to my View in WPF project as Static Resources.
My Code Is :
namespace DPOS.Core.Helpers
{
public enum SearchOptions
{
SingleDate,
DateRange,
Name,
Amount,
Quantity,
All
}
}
xmlns:helpers="clr-namespace:DPOS.Core.Helpers;assembly=DPOS.Core"
RadioButton x:Name="RadioSingleDate" Content="{Binding SingleDateContent}"
Margin="0,21.54,0,0" TabIndex="2" VerticalAlignment="Top" Style="{DynamicResource RadioButtonStyle}"
IsChecked="{Binding SearchOptions, ConverterParameter={x:Static helpers:SearchOptions.SingleDate}, Converter={StaticResource EnumToBooleanConverter}}"/>
This work`s file in Visual Studio 2012.
But Problem is when I Open it in Blend (Blend for Visual studio) then it say :
The name "SearchOptions" does not exist in the namespace "clr-namespace:DPOS.Core.Helpers;assembly=DPOS.Core"
I don`t understand what is happening.
Am I Missing something?
I slove my problem by Re adding my ClassLibrary project reference using blend.
| 11,775 | |
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haus%20der%20kleinen%20Wunder | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Haus der kleinen Wunder | https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haus der kleinen Wunder&action=history | German | Spoken | 238 | 458 | Das Haus der kleinen Wunder war ein Museum in Bischofsheim in der Rhön.
Geschichte
Eröffnet wurde das Haus der kleinen Wunder aufgrund einer Initiative von Matthias Wild am 18. Januar 2007. Es befand sich in der ehemaligen Bullenhaltung der Stadt Bischofsheim, einem über 100 Jahre alten Gebäude, und bot Exponate und Experimente rund um die Sinne Sehen, Riechen, Fühlen und Hören, sowie Denkaufgaben. Am 28. Oktober 2012 wurde das Museum aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen geschlossen.
Konzept
Die Idee des Museums bestand darin, dass die Besucher durch Experimente ihre Sinne wahrnehmen und neu erfahren.
Bereiche
Sehen: Im Bereich Sehen fanden sich optische Täuschungen und Experimente rund ums Licht, so z. B., dass Licht sogar die Kraft hat, Dinge zu bewegen.
Riechen: In einem Duftgarten gab es Pflanzen, die nach allem außer Pflanzen duften.
Fühlen: In diesem Bereich konnte man im Barfußpfad über Glas laufen oder raten, was man gerade in verschiedenen Amphoren fühlt. Des Weiteren gab es einen Dunkelgang und eine Dunkelbar im Museum.
Hören: In diesem Abschnitt konnte man Schallwellen sichtbar machen oder seine Stereo-Hörfähigkeit testen.
Logeleien: Hier fanden sich Denkaufgaben für Groß und Klein.
Außenbereich: Im Außenbereich gab es ein Dinoland, in dem man fast echte Knochen und Fossilien ausgraben konnte, einen Duft- und Kräutergarten, ein Baumrätsel sowie verschiedene Spiele.
Weblinks
. In: Rhoenline.de
Haus der kleinen Wunder. In: Mamilade.de
Einzelnachweise
Kindermuseum
Ehemaliges Museum in Bayern
Kultur (Bischofsheim in der Rhön)
Museum im Landkreis Rhön-Grabfeld
Geschichte (Landkreis Rhön-Grabfeld) | 4,939 |
https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/63282 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | Kyle Strand, Stefan Broeder, Tim, Todd Wilcox, https://music.stackexchange.com/users/2808, https://music.stackexchange.com/users/31370, https://music.stackexchange.com/users/37010, https://music.stackexchange.com/users/5693, https://music.stackexchange.com/users/6070, user2357112 | English | Spoken | 711 | 916 | Should fingers always play perpendicular to the keys?
When looking at the reflection of the fallboard, I've noticed my fingers do not hit the keys straight from above. Instead, my hands are not fully pronated and fingers hit the keys at an angle of up to 45 degrees outwards.
Is this considered bad technique? Pronating my arms so that fingers play straight is possible, though it causes my elbows to go out to the side, which feels unnatural.
Have a good look at quite a few who play the piano really well. In different styles. You'll become aware that although purists will say there's a proper way to play, a lot of players do anything but, and still manage to do amazing things. There's an awful lot more than mere hand positioning. And, bear in mind we're all of different proportions so there isn't one perfect way to suit all.
I'm not sure you're using pronated and supinated correctly here, in terms of hands.
@Todd Wilcox You are right. I've replaced "supinated" with "not fully pronated". Just to be clear ; with pronation I mean rotating the right forearm anti clockwise.
That's how I was interpreting it also. Your hands should be more or less prone in a relaxed position. The knuckles for your index and middle fingers should be the highest point on the top of your hands. If you rest your hand on a flat surface, all of your fingers and the side of your thumb should be touching at about the same time. You should be able to achieve that with relaxed elbows. You might have to raise your seat until just before your knees hit the underside of the piano.
When you say "up to 45 degrees outwards", does that mean that when you play the highest note on the keyboard, your 3rd (middle) finger is at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the keys? If so, that seems fine for single notes, but for chords I'd recommend leaning your body to the side to limit your angle away from the key orientation to about 20 degrees for the outer hand and maybe slightly more for the inner hand. (By "inner" here, I mean the one on the opposite side of the side you're leaning toward, so the left hand for high notes and the right hand for low notes.)
Your fingers shouldn't "hit" the keys, nor should they be little straight sticks.
Here are some bullet points to get you on track:
Back should be straight and tall with relaxed shoulders.
Distance from fallboard should have arms very nearly straight (not hyper-extended) when touching with closed fist. (When playing the keyboard, elbows should approximate a comfortable 90-degree angle.
Wrists should be level with ceiling.
Fingers should be gently curved (think capital "C" shape) and hand relaxed.
Keys pressed with pad of fingertip using firm fingers (i.e. not letting the first joint on your fingers pivot).
Hope that helps.
No, my fingers are certainly curved. I'm talking about the lateral angle here. So imagine the right hand playing a C chord, but the forearm is rotated to the right.
@StefanBroeder With relaxed shoulders, your elbows should fall more or less straight down. That means you may have to angle your lower arm outwards or inwards to reach the keys you want to play. As you go farther left or right, you may have to spread your elbows out, and even lean to one side or the other. You might watch some great pianists on YouTube to see how they do it, but take it with a grain of salt as many have unusual techniques that work for them but won't necessarily work for you.
Capital C sounds like way too much curvature.
One of my early teachers would place a pencil on the back of the hands, and then ask for a scale. If you can do that you are probably OK.
What is perhaps more important from the stand point of avoiding Repetitive Stress Injury (Carpal Tunnel, etc. ) is the angle of the wrist - which should be fairly flat. The more bend in the wrist, up or down, the more chance of nerve damage and also the slower the fingers will move.
| 18,004 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56495006 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,019 | Stack Exchange | BustedKnuckles, Maheer Ali, briosheje, https://stackoverflow.com/users/11614101, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2275797, https://stackoverflow.com/users/9819146 | English | Spoken | 140 | 232 | How to split a string into key/value output array for use in later Zapier steps
I have the following string in a Zapier "Run Javascript" action and I need help converting it into an array to "output" for use in later actions.
What I have:
meanString = key1: value1, key2: value2
What I want (I think):
output = {key1: value1, key2: value2 }
How do I do that? Thank you in advance. This will open a world of options for us once solved.
Is the input string "meanString = key1: value1, key2: value2" or "key1: value1, key2: value"?
Just use let output = '{' + meanString + '}'
I tried Maheer Ali's suggestion but got the following error from Zapier. "You must return a single object or array of objects."
Briosheje the input string is .."key1: value1, key2: value". Thanks
| 12,230 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15585412 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,013 | Stack Exchange | https://stackoverflow.com/users/1624049, polin | English | Spoken | 73 | 144 | How to Hide linkButton inasp.net when value=0?
I want to disable linkbutton when I found value=0 in asp.net and want to visible label with 0 value.
post some codes what you've tried so far
You can add some JS Code at the javasccript pageLoad that loops all link buttons using CssClass(add dummy css class if not exists).
function pageLoad() {
$('.lbClassName').each(function (item) {
if ($(item).val() == '0') {
$(item).prop('disabled', true);
}
})
}
| 35,474 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelurahan%20Sutojayan | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Kelurahan Sutojayan | https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelurahan Sutojayan&action=history | Cebuano | Spoken | 110 | 192 | Administratibo nga balangay ang Kelurahan Sutojayan sa Indonesya. Nahimutang ni sa administratibo nga balangay sa Kelurahan Sutojayan, lalawigan sa Jawa Timur, sa kasadpang bahin sa nasod, km sa sidlakan sa Jakarta ang ulohan sa nasod.
Hapit nalukop sa kaumahan ang palibot sa Kelurahan Sutojayan. Dunay mga ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Kelurahan Sutojayan nga hilabihan populasyon. Ang klima habagat. Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Oktubre, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa °C. Ang kasarangang pag-ulan milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Enero, sa milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Agosto, sa milimetro.
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Mga subdibisyon sa Jawa Timur | 20,392 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoch%20Dumbutshena | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Enoch Dumbutshena | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enoch Dumbutshena&action=history | English | Spoken | 221 | 345 | Enoch Dumbutshena (20 April 1920 – 14 December 2000) was a distinguished Zimbabwean judge known for defending the independence of that country's judicial branch. He became Zimbabwe's first black judge in 1980 and served as Chief Justice of Zimbabwe from 1984 to 1990. Dumbutshena's decisions were often highly critical of President Robert Mugabe and his government. A former member of the International Commission of Jurists, he unsuccessfully attempted to launch a political career of his own in 1993 by founding the free-market Forum Party. He died in late 2000 of liver cancer.
Character
Lord Denning described Dumbutshena J as "a much-respected figure, courageous and independent as a judge should be." He was a member of the African National Congress, and was refused a passport to travel to the US “due to prevailing conditions” in 1959. [Source: “African Journalist Refused Passport to America,” Contact, 18 April 1959.]
Legal career
Dumbutshena was Zimbabwe's first black High Court Judge. He famously acquitted a group of six white Zimbabwe Air Force officers who had been tortured into confessing to participation in the sabotage of fighter aircraft.
References
"Judge Enoch Dumbutshena dies." The Washington Post 16 Dec. 2000: B.08.
1920 births
2000 deaths
20th-century Zimbabwean judges
Chief justices of Zimbabwe
Deaths from cancer in Zimbabwe
Deaths from liver cancer
Judges of the Supreme Court of Zimbabwe | 14,311 |
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lara%20Koch | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Lara Koch | https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lara Koch&action=history | German | Spoken | 519 | 1,070 | Lara Koch, geb. Piezzi, später: Eble (* 15. September 1974) ist eine deutsche Nationalspielerin in der Boulespiel-Sportart Pétanque im Deutscher Boccia-, Boule- und Pétanque-Verband e.V. Sie war mehrfach deutsche Meisterin und war Teilnehmerin bei Europa- und Weltmeisterschaften sowie bei den World Games 2005.
Karriere
Koch spielt nach eigenen Angaben seit 1990 Boule und wurde mehrmals in den Nationalkader berufen. Sie spielt aktuell für den TV 1877 Mannheim-Waldhof e.V. und trat davor für den BC Villingen-Schwenningen, den PC Speyer, den BC Rastatt, den 1.PC Viernheim, die Münchner Kugelwurfunion und zuletzt für die Boule-Freunde Malsch e.V. in der Pétanque-Bundesliga an.
Im Frauen-Triplette gewann sie 2003 die Bronzemedaille bei den Europameisterschaften, 2004 die Silbermedaille bei den Weltmeisterschaften und 2005 die Bronzemedaille bei den World Games.
Sie ist Rechtshänderin, spielt bevorzugt die Spielposition Pointeur (Vorlegerin) und hat Kugeln im Gewicht 680 Gramm bei 73 cm Durchmesser.
Erfolge
International
2000: Teilnahme an der Weltmeisterschaft
2001: Teilnahme an der Europameisterschaft
2002: Teilnahme an der Weltmeisterschaft
2003: 3. Platz Europameisterschaft Frauen Triplette zusammen mit Gudrun Deterding, Daniela Thelen und Susanne Fleckenstein
2004: 2. Platz Weltmeisterschaft Frauen Triplette zusammen mit Daniela Thelen, Gudrun Deterding und Annick Hess
2005: 3. Platz bei den World Games im Triplette der Frauen zusammen mit Daniela Thelen und Gudrun Deterding
2005: Teilnahme an der Europameisterschaft
2006: Teilnahme an der Weltmeisterschaft
2009: Teilnahme an der Weltmeisterschaft
2012: Teilnahme an der Europameisterschaft
National
(Quelle: )
1992: 1. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Doublette zusammen mit Djilali Harrag
1998: 2. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Doublette mixte zusammen mit Moumouni Fofana
2003: 2. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Doublette zusammen mit Christian Tanneur
2003: 3. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Doublette mixte zusammen mit Sascha Koch
2004: 2. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Doublette mixte zusammen mit Sascha Koch
2004: 3. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Triplette zusammen mit Sascha Koch und Jean F. Wittmann
2005: 1. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Doublette mixte zusammen mit Sascha Koch
2006: 1. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Triplette zusammen mit Sascha Koch und Holger Madsen
2006: Deutscher Vereinsmeister mit dem 1. Pétanque Club Viernheim
2008: 3. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Triplette zusammen mit Sascha Koch und Holger Madsen
2011: Deutscher Vereinsmeister mit der Münchener Kugelwurfunion
2012: Deutscher Vize-Vereinsmeister mit der Münchener Kugelwurfunion
2018: Deutscher Vereinsmeister mit den Boulefreunden Malsch
2019: Deutscher Vize-Vereinsmeister mit den Boulefreunden Malsch
2021: 3. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Triplette zusammen mit Sascha Koch und André Skiba
2021: 3. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Doublette mixte zusammen mit Sascha Koch
2022: 1. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Doublette mixte zusammen mit Sascha Koch
2022: 2. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Triplette Frauen zusammen mit Muriel Hess und Verena Gabe
2023: 3. Platz Deutsche Meisterschaft Triplette zusammen mit Sascha Koch und André Skiba
Privates
Koch wohnt in Speyer, ist mit dem Boule-Bundestrainer der Männer Sascha Koch in zweiter Ehe verheiratet und hat zwei Töchter. Von Beruf ist sie Lehrkraft und Dolmetscherin. Ihr Vater ist der mehrmalige deutsche Meister und Boulespieler Christian Tanneur. Sie ist Bouletrainerin und betreibt zusammen mit ihrem Mann und Stefan Moll seit 2022 in Mannheim-Käfertal eine Bouleschule.
Weblinks
Interview mit Lara und Sascha Koch
Sommerinterview mit Lara und Sascha Koch
Einzelnachweise
Boulespieler
Bouletrainer
Deutscher Meister (Pétanque)
Teilnehmer an den World Games (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1974
Frau | 4,198 |
https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/173213 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,014 | Stack Exchange | Petr Abdulin, https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/42714 | English | Spoken | 129 | 171 | Does Wii U support any form of voice chat?
I personally thought that there is no, but I found Ear Force NLa which is a Wii U branded headset. So presumably there should be support for chat. Is it supported in limited games only, or there is special application for this (I can't find any)?
This is handled on a per-game basis.
For an example, off the top of my head, Monster Hunter 3 Ultimate supports Voice Chat -- and the Gamepad itself includes a Mic, so you don't need to spend the extra cash, though the quality is nothing like a dedicated headset.
Thanks! Yes, I assume build mic is very bad for intense chat :)
Btw, is there any way I could know if game supports chat?
| 33,575 |
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las%20Tejitas%2C%20Ixtapa | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Las Tejitas, Ixtapa | https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Las Tejitas, Ixtapa&action=history | Serbo-Croatian | Spoken | 56 | 152 | Las Tejitas je naselje u Meksiku, u saveznoj državi Chiapas, u opštini Ixtapa.
Prema proceni iz 2014. godine u naselju je živelo 7 stanovnika. Naselje se nalazi na nadmorskoj visini od 1129 m.
Vidite još
Meksiko
Administrativna podjela Meksika
Popis gradova u Meksiku
Reference
Literatura
Vanjske veze
Naselja u opštini Ixtapa, Čijapas
Wikiprojekat geografija/Naselja u Meksiku | 49,929 |
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4%20%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%20%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%2C%20%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81%20%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%20%28%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Локалидад син Номбре, Луис Малдонадо (Венустијано Каранза) | https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Локалидад син Номбре, Луис Малдонадо (Венустијано Каранза)&action=history | Serbian | Spoken | 61 | 203 | Локалидад син Номбре, Луис Малдонадо () насеље је у Мексику у савезној држави Чијапас у општини Венустијано Каранза. Насеље се налази на надморској висини од 540 м.
Становништво
Према подацима из 2005. године у насељу су живела 3 становника.
Хронологија
Попис
Види још
Савезне државе Мексика
Референце
Спољашње везе
Мексичка насеља
Насеља у општини Венустијано Каранза (Чијапас)
Википројект географија/Насеља у Мексику | 1,237 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47411510 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | English | Spoken | 83 | 133 | SonarLint - exclude directo
We have SONAR QUBE running in a server. Now, we are trying to use SONAR lint plugin in IntelliJ to run the scan in local. We have enabled binding to remote Sonar Qube Server.
It produces scan results in local but we are not able to exclude the directories that we don't want sonar lint to scan.
Excluding files or directories is not supported by SonarLint yet.
However, it is planned to be implemented in the upcoming weeks: https://jira.sonarsource.com/browse/MMF-801
| 18,682 | |
https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%20%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | چین کومونیست اینقیلابی | https://azb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=چین کومونیست اینقیلابی&action=history | South Azerbaijani | Spoken | 32 | 173 | ''چین کومونیست اینقیلابی (اینگیلیسجه: Chinese Communist Revolution) چین ایچ ساواشینین بیر قیسمیدیر.
گؤرونتولر
قایناقلار
اینگیلیسجه ویکیپدیاسینین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«Chinese Communist Revolution»، مقالهسیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۲۸ سپتامبر ۲۰۱۸ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر).
ساواشلار
چین ایچ ساواشی | 9,144 |
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F%20%28%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Богунська вулиця (Житомир) | https://uk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Богунська вулиця (Житомир)&action=history | Ukrainian | Spoken | 334 | 1,129 | Богунська вулиця — вулиця у Богунському районі Житомира.
Названа на честь українського військового та державного діяча, полковника Івана Богуна.
Розташування
Вулиця знаходиться у місцевості, відомій як Чулочка; північна частина вулиці — в історичних місцевостях Видумка, Соколова Гора, Церковщина. Початок вулиці — на теренах історичної місцевості Кокоричанка. Бере початок від проспекту Миру та прямує на північ, після перехрестя з 2-им Богунським провулком змінює напрям на захід. Наближаючись до річки Кам'янка, знову змінює напрямок на північ у глухий кут.
Перетинається з провулками Друкарським, Тайберів, 1-им Богунським, 2-им Богунським та вулицею Свободи.
Довжина вулиці — 1250 метрів.
Історія
Траса сучасної Богунської вулиці сформувалася до початку ХХ століття. Забудова вулиці почала формуватися на початку ХХ століття та здійснювалася упродовж початку — середини ХХ століття. Станом на 1968 рік сформована.
Перша назва вулиці — Старовільське шосе. У 1910 — 1930-х рр. також мала назви: Вільсько-Шосейна вулиця, Вільсько-Шосейний об'їзд, Вільсько-Шосейний проїзд. На плані міста 1915 року позначена як Шосейна об'їздна. Була довшою та перетинала річку Кам'янку. Завершувалася перехрестям з Вільсько-Шосейною вулицею (нині проспект Миру) в районі хутора Врангелівка (нині Богунія). Вздовж частини вулиці (між нинішніми вулицею Свободи та 2-м Богунським провулком) проходила межа між селом Соколова Гора Житомирського повіту та землями міста (у тому числі передмістям Кокоричанка).
В районі вулиці Богунської знаходився хутір Церковщина — населений пункт Чесько-Крошенської та Соколово-Гірської сільської ради; у 1930 — 1939 рр. — Житомирської міської ради.
До включення у 1971 році смт Соколова Гора до земель міста, частина вулиці мала назву вулиця Свободи.
Рішенням сесії Житомирської міської ради від 28 березня 2008 року № 583 «Про затвердження назв топонімічних об'єктів у місті Житомирі», для топоніма було затверджено назву вулиця Богунська.
Примітки
Джерела
Офіційний геопортал Житомирської міської ради з використанням шарів «Топографічний план 1:2000», «Історичні плани», «Адресний реєстр», інструменту «виміряти відстань».
Мокрицький Георгій Павлович. Вулиці Житомира / Мокрицький Георгій Павлович ; [худож. В. Кондратюк та ін.]. — Житомир: Волинь, 2007. — 640 с. : ілюстр., фотогр., карти, табл., діагр. — (Енциклопедія Житомира. Т. 1). — Бібліогр.: с. 30, 421, 423, 553 — ISBN 966-690-084-X.
Вулиці Житомира | 48,914 |
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Robert%20Mitchell | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | David Robert Mitchell | https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David Robert Mitchell&action=history | Spanish | Spoken | 199 | 340 | David Robert Mitchell (Clawson, Míchigan; 19 de octubre de 1974) es un director de cine y guionista estadounidense, reconocido por dirigir la aclamada película de terror de 2014 It Follows.
Biografía
Mitchell nació en Clawson, Míchigan. Se graduó en la Universidad Estatal de Florida con un MFA en producción audiovisual.
Su primera película como director, escritor y productor fue The Myth of the American Sleepover (2010), un filme dramático adolescente. Adele Romanski, amiga de la infancia de Mitchell, quien más tarde ganaría un premio Óscar por la laureada película Moonlight, fue una de las productoras de la cinta. En una entrevista, Mitchell afirmó que gastó unos 50.000 dólares en la filmación de la película.
Cuatro años más tarde logró reconocimiento internacional tras dirigir la película de terror It Follows. La cinta fue aclamada por la crítica y obtuvo éxito de taquilla, teniendo en cuenta su escaso presupuesto. Dos años después integró el jurado en el Festival de Cine de Cannes. Su siguiente película, Under the Silver Lake, fue filmada en Los Ángeles y estuvo protagonizada por Andrew Garfield.
Filmografía
Director
Referencias
Enlaces externos
Guionistas de Estados Unidos
Directores de cine de Estados Unidos
Productores de cine de Estados Unidos | 46,401 |
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comuna%20Berghin%2C%20Alba | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Comuna Berghin, Alba | https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comuna Berghin, Alba&action=history | Romanian | Spoken | 414 | 930 | Berghin (în , în dialectul săsesc Blatrit, în ) este o comună în județul Alba, Transilvania, România, formată din satele Berghin (reședința), Ghirbom, Henig și Straja.
Istoric
Comuna Berghin este atestată documentar pentru prima oară în anul 1332 sub numele Sacerdos de Bumi iar în 1850 apare ca Bergyin. Berghinul este cunoscut și datorită prezenței în trecut a numeroși locuitori germani.
Satul aparținător Ghirbom (în 1309 numit Pirum) deține numeroase vestigii arheologice, așezări și necropole din perioada preistorică.
Lăcașuri de cult
Biserica din lemn “Sf. Petru”, construită în 1707, strămutată aici în anul 1900 din satul Gârbova de Sus, de lângă orașul Aiud.
Obiective memoriale
Monumentul Eroilor Români din Primul Război Mondial. Monumentul este amplasat în cimitirul ortodox și a fost ridicat pentru cinstirea Unirii din 1918 și a eroilor români căzuți în Primul Război Mondial. Acesta este realizat din beton, iar împrejmuirea este făcută cu un gard din sârmă împletită și stâlpi din beton. Monumentul a fost ridicat prin contribuția locuitorilor din Berghin, așa cum reiese din inscriptia de pe fațada monumentului.
Monumentul Eroilor Români din Primul și Al Doilea Război Mondial. Monumentul comemorativ este amplasat în centrul localității și a fost dezvelit în anul 1946, în memoria Eroilor căzuți în cele Două Războaie Mondiale. Acesta este realizat din piatră de calcar cioplită, iar împrejmuirea este cu gard din sârmă împletită și stâlpi metalici. Pe fațada monumentului este o inscripție comemorativă, în timp ce, pe laturile de est, de vest și de sud, sunt înscrise numele a 46 Eroi căzuți în cele două războaie.
Demografie
Conform recensământului efectuat în 2021, populația comunei Berghin se ridică la 1.672 de locuitori, în scădere față de recensământul anterior din 2011, când fuseseră înregistrați 1.893 de locuitori. Majoritatea locuitorilor sunt români (88,34%), cu o minoritate de romi (1,61%), iar pentru 9,45% nu se cunoaște apartenența etnică. Din punct de vedere confesional, majoritatea locuitorilor sunt ortodocși (83,37%), cu minorități de penticostali (2,93%) și baptiști (1,02%), iar pentru 9,81% nu se cunoaște apartenența confesională.
Politică și administrație
Comuna Berghin este administrată de un primar și un consiliu local compus din 11 consilieri. Primarul, , de la , este în funcție din . Începând cu alegerile locale din 2020, consiliul local are următoarea componență pe partide politice:
Evoluție istorică
Populația comunei a evoluat de-a lungul timpului astfel:
Vezi și
Biserica de lemn din Ghirbom
Imagini
Note
Legături externe
Pagina Primăriei
Evoluția demografică a populației din județul Alba între anii 1850-2002 (autor: Varga E. Arpád)
Dicționar de localități din Transilvania
Berghin | 13,881 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A9naga%20Caim%C3%A1n | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Ciénaga Caimán | https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciénaga Caimán&action=history | Cebuano | Spoken | 132 | 233 | Lanaw ang Ciénaga Caimán sa Kolombiya. Nahimutang ni sa departamento sa Departamento del Magdalena, sa amihanang bahin sa nasod, km sa amihanan sa Bogotá ang ulohan sa nasod. metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Ciénaga Caimán. Ciénaga Caimán nga nahimutang sa lanaw sa Ciénaga Las Pavas. Kinahabogang dapit sa palibot ang Cerro Botillero, ka metros ni kahaboga ibabaw sa dagat, km sa sidlakan sa Ciénaga Caimán. Hapit nalukop sa kalapokan ug kapitaan ang palibot sa Ciénaga Caimán.
Ang klima habagat. Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Pebrero, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Nobiyembre, sa °C. Ang kasarangang pag-ulan milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Oktubre, sa milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Enero, sa milimetro.
Saysay
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Mga lanaw sa Departamento del Magdalena | 32,492 |
https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%20%28%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | بايرويل (وايومنغ) | https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=بايرويل (وايومنغ)&action=history | Arabic | Spoken | 546 | 1,515 | بايرويل هي بلدة تقع بولاية وايومنغ في الولايات المتحدة. تبلغ مساحتها 3.65 (كم²)، وترتفع عن سطح البحر 2096 م، بلغ عدد سكانها 106 نسمة في عام 2010 حسب إحصاء مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة وتصل الكثافة السكانية فيها 29 نسمة/كم2.
التركيبة السكانية
قام مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بتحديد بيانات التركيبة السكانية لبايرويل في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.
تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان بايرويل 97 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 42 أسرة وعدد العائلات 30 عائلة مقيمة في البلدة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 78 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للبلدة بنسبة 100.00% من البيض.
بلغ عدد الأسر 42 أسرة كانت نسبة 23.8% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 64.3% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 7.1% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، وكانت نسبة 26.2% من غير العائلات. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.74، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 2.31.
بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 41 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 19.6% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 8.2% بين الثامنة عشر والأربعة وعشرون عاماً، ونسبة 30.9% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرون حتى والأربعة وأربعون عاماً، ونسبة 33.0% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعون حتى الرابعة والستون، ونسبة 8.2% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستون عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 86.5 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 100.0 ذكر.
بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في البلدة 37,917 دولار، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 31,875 دولار. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 38,125 دولار مقابل 26,667 دولار للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالبلدة 20,030 دولار.
تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان بايرويل 106 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 49 أسرة وعدد العائلات 27 عائلة مقيمة في البلدة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 68 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للبلدة بنسبة 84.0% من البيض و 1.9% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و 2.8% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و 3.8% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر.
بلغ عدد الأسر 49 أسرة كانت نسبة 16.3% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 46.9% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 6.1% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 2.0% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 44.9% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 36.7% من أصل جميع الأسر من أفراد ونسبة 10.2% كانوا يعيش معهم شخص وحيد يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً فما فوق. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.81، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 2.16.
بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 49 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 17% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 6.6% بين الثامنة عشر والأربعة وعشرون عاماً، ونسبة 20.8% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرون حتى والأربعة وأربعون عاماً، ونسبة 41.5% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعون حتى الرابعة والستون، ونسبة 14.2% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستون عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 54.7% ذكور و45.3% إناث.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
The US50 - Cities and Towns in Wyoming State
Wyoming Cities and Towns, Facts, Map, Flag, Colleges, Government, and More
بلدات ولاية وايومنغ
بلدات في مقاطعة سويتواتر (وايومنغ) | 2,110 |
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland%2C%20California | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Woodland, California | https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woodland, California&action=history | Galician | Spoken | 110 | 194 | Woodland é unha cidade, sede do condado de Yolo en California, localizada a 15 km ao noroeste de Sacramento (California), formando parte da súa área metropolitana. A poboación de Woodland era de 55.468 habitantes segundo o censo de 2010.
Xeografía
Woodland atópase nunha chaira do Val Central (California), co Yolo Bypass e o río Sacramento ao leste e o Capay Valley e a Cadea Costeira , está no sueste do centro xeográfico do condado, e mais é unha das cidades maiores ao norte de Sacramento ao longo da Interstate 5 ata Redding. O clima é mediterráneo, con veráns secos e calorosos e invernos fríos e relativamente húmidos.
Cidades de California | 44,388 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Trinity | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Philip of the Blessed Trinity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip of the Blessed Trinity&action=history | English | Spoken | 451 | 756 | Philip of the Blessed Trinity (1603 at Malaucene, near Avignon – 28 February 1671 at Naples) was a French Discalced Carmelite theologian and missionary.
Life
He took the habit at Lyon where he made his profession on 8 September 1621. Choosing the missionary life, he studied in Paris and two years at the seminary in Rome, proceeded in February 1629 to the Holy Land and Persia, and then to Goa where he became prior of the Order convent and teacher of philosophy and theology (1631–1639). After the martyrdom of his pupil Dionysius, a Nativitate, and Redemptus a Cruce on 29 November 1638, Philip collected evidence and set out for Rome in 1639 to introduce the cause of their beatification which, however, only terminated in 1900.
He did not return to the mission, but starting in 1641 was entrusted with important offices in France, and in 1665 was elected Superior General of the Order with residence in Rome, and was three years later re-elected. While visiting all the provinces of his order, he was caught in a terrific gale off the coast of Calabria, and reached Naples in dying condition.
Works
Besides the classical languages he spoke fluently French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Persian, and Arabic. Of his numerous works the following have lasting value:
Summa philosophica, 4 vol, (Lyon, 1648; Cologne, 1654; Cologne, 1665; Lyon, 1669), in which he follows not only the spirit but also the method of St. Thomas Aquinas
Prima Pars, sive Logica
Prima Secundae, sive Physica in Communi (Aristotelian physics)
Secunda Secundae, sive Physica in Particulari (Aristotelian physics and Ptolemaic astronomy including tabulated geocentric values of the distances from the Earth to the Moon and the Sun within 5% of modern heliocentric values, but a value of the circumference of the Earth within only 30% of the modern value)
Tertia Pars, sive Metaphysica
Summa theologiae thomisticae, 5 vol, Lyon, 1653
Summa theologiae mysticae, Lyon, 1656; reprinted in 3 vol, Paris, 1884
Itinerarium orientale, Lyon, 1649, also in Italian and French
Decor Carmeli religiosi, Lyon, 1665, the lives of the saints and saintly members of his Order
Theologia carmelitana, Rome, 1665
The two last named and some smaller works dealing to some extent with historical matters of a controversial nature, called forth a reply from Pierre-Joseph de Haitze, under the titles "Des Moines empruntéz" and "Des Moines travestis".
See also
Johann Baptiste Horvath
Andreas Jaszlinszky
Edmond Pourchot
Pierre Lemonnier
Charles Morton
References
Sources
Attribution
The entry cites:
Henricus a SS.v Sacramento, Collectio Scriptorum Ord. Carmel. Excalc. II (Savona, 1884), 110.
1603 births
1671 deaths
Carmelites
French Roman Catholic missionaries
17th-century French Catholic theologians
17th-century French writers
17th-century French male writers
Roman Catholic missionaries in India
French expatriates in India | 48,665 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45772832 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | Programmer, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1459723, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3785314, jbassking10 | English | Spoken | 346 | 520 | Unity3D WebGL build not calling Update
This is the weirdest problem. Update and FixedUpdate are not getting called for one object and only in the WebGL build. Running in the editor works, iOS works and Android works.
I upgraded to the latest version of Unity3D 2017 to see if that would fix the issue or throw an exception that I'm missing but no luck.
Has anyone experienced anything like this before?
public class NewLives : MonoBehaviour
{
public TextMeshProUGUI text;
// Use this for initialization
void Start()
{
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{
Debug.Log("Update");
}
void FixedUpdate()
{
Debug.Log("FixedUpdate");
text.SetText(GameController.GameData.GetLives().ToString());
}
}
Update: I found that Start doesn't get called either which is why Update isn't getting called. This would of course mean that the object isn't active but I never set it to inactive.
I doubt what you said in your question is true, Update is likely being called but there is an error somewhere. Maybe text.SetText, GameController.GameData or GameController.GameData.GetLives is null. I would ask you to use a simple Text component to test this in the Update and Update function by writing to it a static value such as 5 and 9.
I tried creating a new script. I tried using a standard Text component, I added a check for null and write that out instead but nothing seems to work in the WebGL build. It doesn't make sense, I know but this just doesn't want to work. I added some more info.
Do the following:1. Write a script that uses 3 Text components. Change each Text in the Start, Update FixedUpdate functions and then update your question with that script. I just need to see it. 2.Select the GameObject the NewLives script is attached to and take a screenshot of the Inspector tab then post it in your question. This will help me see what's going on here.
Well... I don't know what the issue was but I kicked off a cloud build instead of locally building and it works now. I don't like problems like these...
| 26,713 |
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo%20Panitch | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Leo Panitch | https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo Panitch&action=history | Portuguese | Spoken | 239 | 444 | Leo Victor Panitch (Winnipeg, 3 de maio de 1945 – Toronto, 19 de dezembro de 2020) foi um filósofo, editor e cientista político canadense. Era professor da Universidade Iorque. A partir de 1985, foi co-editor do Socialist Register. Panitch nasceu em Winnipeg, Manitoba. Era um defensor do marxismo.
Panitch morreu em 19 de dezembro de 2020 em um hospital de Toronto, Ontário, de pneumonia causada pela COVID-19 e mieloma múltiplo, aos 75 anos.
Obras
The Socialist Challenge Today (co-autorado com Sam Gindin), Merlin Press: 2018
The Making of Global Capitalism: The Political Economy of American Empire (co-autorado com Sam Gindin), Verso: 2012
In and Out of Crisis: The Global Financial Meltdown and Left Alternatives (co-autorado com Greg Albo and Sam Gindin), PM Press: 2010
Renewing Socialism: Transforming Democracy, Strategy and Imagination, Merlin Press: 2008
From Consent to Coercion: The Assault on Trade Union Freedoms (co-autorado com Donald Swartz), University of Toronto Press: 2003
The End of Parliamentary Socialism: From New Left to New Labour (2ª edição) (co-autorado com with Colin Leys), Verso: 2001
Working Class Politics in Crisis: Essays on Labour and the State, Verso: 1986
The Canadian State: Political Economy and Political Power, University of Toronto Press: 1977
Notas
Mortes por COVID-19 no Canadá
Mortes por câncer em Ontário
Mortes por mieloma múltiplo
Mortes por pneumonia
Cientistas políticos do Canadá
Editores do Canadá
Filósofos do Canadá
Marxistas do Canadá
Educadores do Canadá
Escritores do Canadá
Naturais de Winnipeg | 9,226 |
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das%20Traumhaus | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Das Traumhaus | https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Das Traumhaus&action=history | German | Spoken | 467 | 892 | Das Traumhaus ist ein deutscher Kinofilm des Regisseurs Ulrich Schamoni aus dem Jahr 1979.
Inhalt
Julius, Esther, Jakobine und Käthe, alle im Alter von ungefähr 20 Jahren, finden eine heruntergekommene alte Villa in Berlin-Grunewald und führen eine friedliche Wohngemeinschaft. Hier wollen sie ihren Traum vom sich selbstversorgenden, alternativen Leben verwirklichen, im Villengarten werden Nutzpflanzen angebaut und eine ökologische Tierhaltung wird betrieben, doch ihr Traum gerät ins Wanken, als die Immobilie ein Spekulationsobjekt der Großbauunternehmerin Sybille wird, die es abreißen lassen will. Doch der Ingenieur Conrad Kolberg, der, wie sich später herausstellt, der leibliche Vater von Jakobine ist, startet die Rettung des Kleinods aus persönlichem Optimismus und aus Gerechtigkeitssinn.
Er legt den Keller trocken und führt die ersten Bausicherungsmaßnahmen durch, um die durch die Bauunternehmerin ausgesprochene Kündigung wegen Baufälligkeit unwirksam werden zu lassen. Sie hingegen lässt den Keller fluten und das morsche Dach zerstören, um die Bewohner zu zermürben und um den baldigen Abriss zu forcieren. Eine vor 15 Jahren gewesene Affäre zwischen Kolberg und Sybille macht das ganze Unternehmen zu einem persönlichen Rachefeldzug, den Sybille jedoch aufgibt, nachdem Kolberg ihr mit Medienpräsenz gedroht hatte. Er organisiert die systematischen Instand- und Modernisierungsarbeiten. Das Haus erhält ein neues Dach mit Sonnenkollektoren, das Fundament und das Mauerwerk werden abgedichtet, eine Wärmedämmung wird installiert, und somit könnten die WG-Bewohner ein ökologisch vorbildliches Niedrigenergiehaus bewohnen, aber im Übereifer werden der Nutzgarten und die Tierhaltung entfernt, und der bis dato als Biotop genutzte Swimmingpool wird saniert und als solcher wieder in Betrieb genommen.
Während die WG-Bewohner auf eine spießig planierte Gartenanlage starren, präsentiert Kolberg bei der Einweihungsparty triumphierend die komplett sanierte Villa. Das Haus kann nicht mehr abgerissen werden, ist aber auch gleichzeitig als Traum verloren. Das Traumhaus ist zu einer typischen Vorortvilla für die Wohlhabenden geworden. Die alternative Gruppe sucht sich eine neue Bleibe auf dem Land. Die Ironie der Komödie ist, dass die Gruppe nun erfahren muss, dass sie sich neben einem Kernkraftwerk angesiedelt hat. Die von Kolberg gut gemeinte Tat weckt in Sybille, die kurz zuvor eine eiskalte, pessimistische Geschäftsfrau war, einen gesunden Optimismus und eine natürliche Menschlichkeit.
Kritik
„Vier junge Leute sehen ihre idyllisch-alternative Lebensweise in einer alten Berliner Villa durch eine Baulöwin bedroht. Ein Ingenieur eilt ihnen zu Hilfe, indem er das Haus renoviert, wobei freilich die Idylle verloren geht. Die jungen Leute weichen aufs Land aus. Ein inszenatorisch zwar nicht durchgehend gelungener, insgesamt aber witzig-unterhaltsamer Versuch, zwei deutsche Zeitthemen der späten 70er Jahre – das alternative Leben und die Bauspekulation – miteinander zu verknüpfen.“ – Lexikon des internationalen Films
Trivia
Das Haus Furtwänglerstraße 19 befindet sich in Berlin-Grunewald. Ulrich Schamoni hatte es von den Erlösen seines Films Es gekauft und auch selber bewohnt. 1973 war bereits Chapeau Claque in diesem Haus gedreht worden.
Weblinks
Schamoni Film – Offizielle Seite
Einzelnachweise
Filmtitel 1980
Deutscher Film
Filmdrama
Ulrich Schamoni | 50,189 |
https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%20%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A6%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | رموز طوارئ المستشفى | https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=رموز طوارئ المستشفى&action=history | Arabic | Spoken | 2,008 | 6,307 | رموز طوارئ المستشفى هي رسائل مشفره غالبًا ما يتم الإعلان عنها عبر نظام العناوين العامة للمستشفى لتنبيه الموظفين إلى فئات مختلفه من حالات الطوارئ في الموقع. والغرض من استخدام المدونات هو نقل المعلومات الاساسيه بسرعة، وبأدنى قدر من سوء الفهم إلى الموظفين مع منع التوتر والذعر بين زوار المستشفى. وتنشر هذه المدونات أحيانا على لافتات في جميع انحاء المستشفى أو تطبع على شارات تحديد هويه الموظفين للرجوع اليها بسهوله.
وكثيرا ما اختلفت رموز الطوارئ في المستشفيات علي نطاق واسع حسب الموقع، حتى بين المستشفيات في نفس المجتمع. وقد ادى الارتباك بشان هذه المدونات إلى اقتراح مدونات موحده واعتمادها في بعض الأحيان. في العديد من المستشفيات الامريكيه الكندية النيوزيلندية الاسترالية، على سبيل المثال «رمز الأزرق» يشير إلى ان المريض قد دخل السكتة القلبية، في حين «رمز احمر» يشير إلى ان الحريق قد اندلعت في مكان ما في مرفق المستشفى.
[أين وردر تو] رمز دعوه ان يكون مفيده في ينشط الاستجابة من خاصه مستشفي عاملات إلى حاله معينه، هو عاده رافقت بمحدده موقعه وصف ([ا. غ.], «رمز حمراء، [سكند فلوور], رواق ثلاثه، غرفه [2-12]»). غير ان الرموز الأخرى لا تشير الا إلى موظفي المستشفيات عموما للتحضير لتداعيات بعض الاحداث الخارجية مثل الكوارث الطبيعية.
رموز الألوان الموحدة
أستراليا
وتغطي المستشفيات الاستراليه وغيرها من المباني الاستراليه القياسية 4083 (1997) والعديد منها في طور التغيير إلى تلك المعايير.
الرمز الأسود: تهديد شخصي الرمز الأسود الفا: الرضع أو الأطفال المفقودين أو المختطفين رمز بيتا الأسود: مطلق النار النشط رمز الأسود ي: إيذاء النفس الرمز الأزرق: الطوارئ الطبية رمز بني: طارئ خارجيه (كارثة، خسائر شامله [اتك.]) كود CBR: التلوث الكيميائي أو البيولوجي أو الإشعاعي رمز البرتقالي: الاخلاء رمز الأرجواني: قنبلة التهديد الرمز الأحمر: النار الرمز الأصفر: الطوارئ الداخلية
كندا
كولومبيا البريطانية
الرموز المستخدمة في كولومبيا البريطانية، التي تحددها وزارة الصحة في كولومبيا البريطانية.
رمز العنبر: مفقود أو مختطف رضيع أو طفل
الكود الأسود: تهديد بالقنبلة
الرمز الأزرق: توقف القلب و / أو التنفس
رمز البني: تسرب إشعاعي خطير
الرمز الأخضر: الإخلاء
رمز الرمادي: فشل النظام
الرمز البرتقالي: كارثة أو خسائر جسيمة
الكود الوردي: طوارئ الأطفال و / أو الطوارئ التوليدية
رمز أحمر: النار
الكود الأبيض: العدوان
كود الصفراء: مفقود المريض
يتم وصف الرموز في ألبرتا بواسطة الخدمات الصحية في ألبرتا.
الكود الأسود: تهديد بوجود قنبلة / عبوة مشبوهة
رمز الأزرق: السكتة القلبية / الطوارئ الطبية
رمز البني: تسرب الكيميائية / المواد الخطرة
الرمز الأخضر: الإخلاء
رمز رمادي: مأوى في مكان / استبعاد الهواء
الرمز البرتقالي: حادثة الإصابات الجماعية
رمز الأرجواني: الوضع رهينة
رمز أحمر: النار
الكود الأبيض: عنف / عدوان
كود الصفراء: مفقود المريض
في أونتاريو، يتم استخدام رمز الاستجابة للطوارئ القياسية الذي وضعته جمعية مستشفى أونتاريو، مع بعض الاختلافات الطفيفة لبعض المستشفيات.
رمز العنبر (رمز أرجواني): اختطاف طفل / طفل مفقود
كود أكوا: الفيضانات
الكود الأسود: تهديد بوجود قنبلة / جسم مشبوه
رمز الأزرق: السكتة القلبية / الطوارئ الطبية - الكبار
رمز البني: تسرب في المنشأة الخطرة
الكود الأخضر: الإخلاء (احترازي)
كود القانون الأساسي: الإخلاء (الأزمة)
رمز الرمادي: فقدان البنية التحتية أو الفشل
رمز الزر الرمادي لأسفل: استبعاد الهواء الخارجي
كود البرتقالي: كارثة
الكود البرتقالي CBRN: كارثة CBRN (الكيميائية والبيولوجية والإشعاعية والنووية)
رمز وردي: السكتة القلبية / الطوارئ الطبية - الرضيع / الطفل
رمز الأرجواني: أخذ الرهائن / نشاط العصابات
رمز أحمر: النار
رمز الفضة: تهديد السلاح / مطلق النار
الكود الأبيض: الوضع العنيف / السلوكي
الكود الأصفر: الشخص المفقود
المملكة المتحدة
في المملكة المتحدة، تحتوي المستشفيات على رموز موحدة عبر صناديق ثقة NHS الفردية، ولكن لا يوجد العديد من الرموز الموحدة عبر NHS بأكملها. هذا يسمح للاختلافات في الطلب على المستشفيات في مناطق مختلفة، وكذلك بالنسبة للمستشفيات ذات الأدوار المختلفة لتوصيل تنبيهات مختلفة وفقًا لاحتياجاتهم (على سبيل المثال، يوجد لدى مركز الصدمات الرئيسي مثل مستشفى سانت جورج في جنوب لندن احتياجات تنبيهات أولوية مختلفة لمجتمع ريفي مستشفى مثل مستشفى غرب بيركشاير المجتمعي). بعض الرموز الموحدة هي كما يلي:
الرمز الأسود: مستشفى في السعة - لا تتوفر أسرة للقبول الجديد من A&E. يتم التصريح بالرمز الأسود من قِبل المدير العام للأسرة بالمستشفى، والذي يقوم بعد ذلك بنقل هذا إلى خدمة الإسعاف المحلية وينشر تحديثات لخدمات الرعاية الصحية المحلية مثل الأطباء العامين وفرق التمريض بالمنطقة.
خلاف ذلك، يتم استخدام الرموز غير الملونة في الغالب عبر NHS:
2222 (مكالمة تعطل أو مكالمة شبه اعتيادية) - يؤدي الاتصال 2222 من أي هاتف داخلي في جميع مستشفيات NHS تقريبًا إلى توصيل المتصل فورًا بـ Switchboard. يمكن للمتصل بعد ذلك تحديد نوع السكتة القلبية أو النداء شبه الساري (عادة ما يكون بالغًا أو أطفالًا (أو حديثي الولادة) أو التوليد) ويعطي موقعًا (على سبيل المثال «السكتة القلبية للبالغين أو وحدة القبول الجراحي أو كتلة الطابق الأرضي ب» أو «نوبة التوليد المحيطة بالولادة، مسارح التوليد، جناح الولادة في الطابق الرابع») و Switchboard سوف ينزفون أعضاء فريق السكتة القلبية أو السكتة الدماغية ذات الصلة. لا يوجد لدى بعض مستشفيات المملكة المتحدة فريق للتوقف شبه المؤقت، ويمكن استخدام فريق السكتة القلبية في حالات الطوارئ الطبية العاجلة حيث يكون السكتة القلبية وشيكة.
بروتوكول النزف الرئيسي - يتم تفعيله عبر نظام الاتصال 2222. يتم إجراء مكالمة حول السكتة القلبية أو السكتة القلبية، ولكن يتم أيضًا تنبيه مختبر النقل. يتم إرسال عدد محدد من وحدات خلايا الدم الحمراء المعبأة بالسالب O (وأحيانًا FFP والصفائح الدموية) على الفور إلى موقع المكالمة. سيقوم مختبر نقل الدم بارسال عينات من الدم المحفوظة للمريض، أو في انتظار عينة عاجلة للتقاطع المتبادلة لإرسالها. بمجرد القيام بذلك، سيتم إرسال وحدات مطابقة لنوع دم المريض باستمرار حتى يتم إيقاف بروتوكول النزف الرئيسي.
3333 (تنبيه أمني)
4444 (تنبيه الحريق)
أكواد "bleep" - دعوة 2222 لعضو معين من الموظفين. على سبيل المثال، في حالة الصرع، ليس من الضروري الاتصال بفريق الاصطدام (كما هو الحال في السكتة القلبية) ولكن يمكن إجراء نزيف سريع إلى طبيب التخدير عند الطلب للحضور العاجل.
نداء الصدمة - للبالغين (مراكز الصدمات فقط): عادةً ما يتم استدعاؤها عبر نظام PA عبر قسم الطوارئ، مما يؤدي إلى طلب «استدعاء نداء صدمة» لجميع أعضاء فريق الصدمة - بما في ذلك جراح الصدمة وكبار أعضاء فريقهم الجراحي، أخصائي التخدير و ODP، استشاري طب الطوارئ أو مسجل وأعضاء فريقهم (سيكون عادةً FY1 أو SHO). تشبه مكالمات الصدمات النفسية «رموز resus» المستخدمة في الولايات المتحدة.
نداء الصدمة - طب الأطفال (مراكز الصدمات فقط): يقوم بتشغيل طلب ترحيل «نداء الصدمة» لجميع أعضاء فريق إصابات الأطفال - بما في ذلك جراح الصدمة وكبار أعضاء فريقهم الجراحي، وغالبًا ما يكون جراحًا للأطفال، أخصائي تخدير للأطفال، ODP، (طب الأطفال) استشاري أو مسجل طب الطوارئ وأعضاء فريقهم (سيكون هذا عادةً FY1 أو SHO).
في عام 2000، قررت جمعية مستشفيات جنوب كاليفورنيا (HASC) أن هناك حاجة لنظام رمز موحد بعد «قتل ثلاثة أشخاص في حادث إطلاق نار في مركز طبي بالمنطقة بعد رمز الطوارئ غير صحيح مسمي.» بينما كانت رموز الحريق (الأحمر) والطوارئ الطبية (الزرقاء) متشابهة في 90% من مستشفيات كاليفورنيا، تم استخدام 47 رمزًا مختلفًا لاختطاف الرضع و 61 للشخص القتالي. في ضوء ذلك، نشرت HASC كتيبًا بعنوان «رموز الطوارئ الخاصة بمرفق الرعاية الصحية: دليل لتوحيد الرمز» والذي يدرج الرموز المختلفة وحث المستشفيات بشدة على تنفيذ الرموز المنقحة طوعًا.
في عام 2003، فرضت ولاية ماريلاند أن يكون لجميع المستشفيات الحادة في الولاية رموز موحدة
في عام 2008، شكلت جمعية أوريغون للمستشفيات والأنظمة الصحية، ولجنة سلامة المرضى في أوريغون، ورابطة مستشفيات ولاية واشنطن فريق عمل لتوحيد مكالمات رمز الطوارئ تحت قيادة الدكتور لورانس سكيكتير، كبير المسؤولين الطبيين بمركز بروفيدنس الإقليمي الطبي في إيفريت. بعد أن أجرت كلتا الدولتين دراسة استقصائية من جميع أعضاء المستشفى، وجدت فرقة العمل أن العديد من المستشفيات تستخدم نفس الكود الخاص بالحريق (الكود الأحمر)؛ ومع ذلك، كانت هناك اختلافات هائلة للرموز التي تمثل السكتة التنفسية والقلبية، واختطاف الرضع والأطفال، والشخص القتالي. بعد المداولات والقرارات، اقترحت فرقة العمل ما يلي باعتباره رمز الطوارئ في المستشفى:
في عام 2015، شكلت جمعية مستشفى ساوث كارولينا مجموعة عمل لتطوير توصيات رمز توحيد اللغة العادية. واقترح إلغاء جميع رموز الألوان.
تنبيه العنبر : اختطاف الرضيع / الأطفال
الرمز الأزرق : توقف التنفس أو القلب (توقف شخص بالغ أو قلب طفل أو عدم التنفس)
رمز واضح : أعلن عند انتهاء الطوارئ
الرمز الرمادي : الشخص القتالي (السلوك القتالي أو التعسفي من قبل المرضى أو العائلات أو الزوار أو الموظفين أو الأطباء)؛ إذا تورط سلاح يجب استدعاء رمز الفضة
الرمز البرتقالي : الانسكابات الخطرة (تسرب المواد الخطرة أو إطلاقها؛ التعرض غير الآمن للانسكاب.)
كود الوردي : اختطاف الرضع
رمز أحمر : النار (البديل: نزيف هائل بعد الولادة)
الرمز الفضي : سلاح أو رهينة
الفرز الخارجي : كارثة خارجية (حالات الطوارئ الخارجية التي تؤثر على المستشفى بما في ذلك: الإصابات الجماعية، والطقس القاسي، وانقطاع التيار الكهربائي الهائل، والحوادث النووية والبيولوجية والكيميائية)
الفرز الداخلي: الطوارئ الداخلية (الطوارئ الداخلية في أقسام متعددة بما في ذلك: تهديد القنبلة أو القنابل؛ إيقاف تشغيل شبكة الكمبيوتر؛ مشكلات السباكة الرئيسية؛ انقطاع التيار الكهربائي أو الهاتف.)
فريق الاستجابة السريعة : هناك حاجة إلى فريق طبي بجانب السرير (حالة المريض الطبية آخذة في الانخفاض وتحتاج إلى فريق طبي طارئ بجانب السرير) قبل توقف القلب أو التنفس
يستخدم «الرمز الأزرق» عمومًا للإشارة إلى مريض يحتاج إلى إنعاش أو في حاجة إلى عناية طبية فورية، وغالبًا ما يكون ذلك نتيجة توقف التنفس أو السكتة القلبية. عند استدعاء النفقات العامة، تأخذ الصفحة شكل "Code blue، [floor]، [room]" لتنبيه فريق الإنعاش إلى أين يستجيبون. يضع كل مستشفى، كجزء من خططه للكوارث، سياسة لتحديد الوحدات التي توفر الموظفين لتغطية الرمز. من الناحية النظرية، قد يستجيب أي محترف طبي للرمز، ولكن في الممارسة العملية يقتصر تكوين الفريق على أولئك الذين لديهم دعم متقدم للحياة القلبية أو أي تدريب مكافئ آخر على الإنعاش. في كثير من الأحيان يتم تشغيل هذه الفرق من قبل أطباء (من التخدير والطب الباطني في المراكز الطبية الأكبر أو طبيب الطوارئ في المراكز الأصغر)، وأخصائيي الجهاز التنفسي، والصيادلة، والممرضات. قائد فريق الكود سيكون طبيباً في أي فريق كود ؛ هذا الشخص مسؤول عن توجيه جهود الإنعاش ويقال إنه «يشغل الكود».
تم صياغة هذه العبارة في مركز بيثاني الطبي في كانساس سيتي، كانساس. يشيع استخدام المصطلح "code" في حد ذاته من قِبل المهنيين الطبيين كمصطلح عامية لهذا النوع من حالات الطوارئ، كما هو الحال في «استدعاء رمز» أو وصف مريض قيد الاعتقال بأنه «ترميز» أو «مشفر».
المعيار الأسترالي
معيار كاليفورنيا
في بعض المستشفيات أو المنشآت الطبية الأخرى، قد يستجيب فريق الإنعاش عن قصد ببطء للمريض في السكتة القلبية، وهي ممارسة تُعرف باسم «الرمز البطيء»، أو قد تزيف الاستجابة تمامًا من أجل أسرة المريض، وهي ممارسة تُعرف باسم «إظهار الكود». هذه الممارسات مثيرة للجدل أخلاقيا، وتم حظرها في بعض الولايات القضائية.
الاختلافات
تم استخدام «خطة زرقاء» في مستشفى سانت فنسنت في مدينة نيويورك للإشارة إلى وصول مريض مصاب بجروح بالغة إلى درجة أن التأخير القصير للتوقف في ER للتقييم قد يكون قاتلاً تم استدعاء «خطة زرقاء» لتنبيه الجراح عند الطلب للذهاب مباشرة إلى مدخل الطوارئ وأخذ المريض لإجراء عملية جراحية فورية.
رموز «الطبيب»
غالبًا ما يتم استخدام رموز «الطبيب» في إعدادات المستشفى للإعلانات عبر مكبر صوت عام أو نظام ترحيل صفحات قد يتسبب في حالة من الذعر أو يعرض خصوصية المريض للخطر. في معظم الأحيان، تأخذ رموز «الطبيب» شكل "Paging Dr. Sinclair"، حيث يكون «اسم» الطبيب عبارة عن رمز رمز لموقف خطير أو مريض في أزمة، على سبيل المثال: «Paging Dr. Firestone، الطابق الثالث» للإشارة إلى حريق محتمل على الأرض المحددة.
رموز "Resus"
خاصة بطب الطوارئ، فإن المرضى الوافدين المعرضين لخطر مباشر للحياة أو الأطراف، سواء كانوا يقدمون عبر الإسعاف أو الفرز، يتم ترحيلهم محليًا داخل قسم الطوارئ كرموز "Resus" [ri: səs]. تشير هذه الرموز إلى نوع الطوارئ (الطبية العامة أو الصدمة أو أمراض القلب أو الجهاز العصبي) ونوع المريض (البالغ أو الأطفال). قد يتم تضمين وقت وصول تقديري أو «الآن» إذا كان المريض موجودًا بالفعل في القسم. يتم نقل المريض إلى أقرب حجرة أو غرفة تقييم مفتوحة، ويحضره على الفور فريق من الأطباء والممرضات لأغراض التثبيت الفوري والعلاج.
رموز "MET" أو "RRT"
غالبًا ما تستخدم الرعاية الصحية في المستشفيات في الولايات المتحدة فريق الطوارئ الطبية ("MET") أو فريق الاستجابة السريعة ("RRT")، على الرغم من أن المصطلحات الخاصة بأسماء الفرق المحددة قد تختلف حسب المستشفى. الهدف من MET أو RRT Code هو تحديد المريض المتدهور والاستجابة له وتثبيته قبل أن يحتاج إلى إنعاش. تمكن العديد من أنظمة المستشفيات أي شخص، بما في ذلك المرضى وأفراد الأسرة، من بدء MET أو رمز RRT لأن الكشف المبكر عن تدهور المريض يؤدي عادة إلى نتائج أفضل للمريض. ستطلق مدونة MET أو RRT استجابة من فريق متخصص يضم أعضاء من مناطق أخرى في المستشفى، بما في ذلك أطباء الرعاية الحرجة أو طب الطوارئ والتمريض والعلاج التنفسي والصيدلية. غالبًا ما يُطلب من الممرضة والأطباء المسؤولين عن رعاية المريض الاستجابة وكذلك هم الأكثر دراية بتاريخ المريض وخطة الرعاية.
مراجع
اتصالات طوارئ
رموز ألوان
مستشفيات
مصطلحات طبية | 40,487 |
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiosoma | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Idiosoma | https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idiosoma&action=history | Swedish | Spoken | 52 | 179 | Idiosoma är ett släkte av spindlar. Idiosoma ingår i familjen Idiopidae.
Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life:
Aganippe
Aganippe bancrofti
Aganippe berlandi
Aganippe castellum
Aganippe cupulifex
Aganippe modesta
Aganippe montana
Aganippe occidentalis
Aganippe pelochroa
Aganippe planites
Aganippe rhaphiduca
Aganippe robusta
Aganippe simpsoni
Aganippe smeatoni
Aganippe subtristis
Aganippe winsori
Källor
Externa länkar
Spindlar
Idiosoma | 1,245 |
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompakt-disk | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Kompakt-disk | https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kompakt-disk&action=history | Uzbek | Spoken | 60 | 210 | Kompakt-disk — doimiy (oʻchmaydigan) tovush signallari (musiqa, qoʻshiq, matn va boshqalar) yozib olingan ixcham (koʻpincha diametri 120 mm) optik disk. Tovush dasturlari yozib olingan K-d. (optik rakamli gramplastinkalar) keng tarqalgan. Boʻlar optik (lazer) plastinka qoʻyish qurilmalari (proigrivatellar) yordamida qayta eshittiriladi. Odatda, tovush dasturining uzunligi (K-d.ning "oʻynash" vaqti) 1 soat. Sifat va qulaylik jihatidan K-d. oddiy gramplastinkadan ancha ustun turadi.
Manbalar | 25,375 |
https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/332409 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | Bimpelrekkie, Don Joe, analogsystemsrf, https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/132064, https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/148888, https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/163738, https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/164507, https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/38098, https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/77865, jonk, sstobbe, user1999 | English | Spoken | 424 | 1,161 | Maximum load resistor for a given single transistor circuit
Following parameters are given for the above circuit:
R1=8.2 kΩ, R2=5.6kΩ, RE=2.7kΩ, VEB=Uj=0.7V, Vcc=10V, β=200
The question asks the maximum load resistance RL for the transistor in active mode.
I solve the question in the following way:
The maximum load resistance RL for the transistor in active mode means to me the transistor is approaching to saturation at that point.
So for that point, I take Vce=0 and set Vy=Vx+0.7V.
Since Vx=Vcc*R2/(R1+R2)
Vy=Vcc*R2/(R1+R2) + 0.7V
Vy=10*(5.6/13.8) + 0.7V = 4.76V
Now since Vce=0V, and Ie=(Vcc-Vy)/Re = 1.94mA
Ic = Ie approximately so
RL = Vy/Ic = 4.76V/1.94mA = 2.45kΩ
So I calculate the maximum RL in active region as 2.45kΩ, whereas the answer is 2.1kΩ.
Is my calculation wrong?
Active mode =/= saturation; you will have some voltage drop from collector to emitter.
Vce=0 means the transistor is in hard saturation. Vce> 200 mV is more realistic. Solution likely uses Vbc =0
I agree with @sstobbe. The answer uses $V_{BC}=0$, which is the same place I use to demark the end of the active region and the start of (very shallow) saturation. (You should get a base current of about $9.6:\mu\textrm{A}$, which I think you do.)
Vce = Vbc+Vbe vectorially. When Vbc=0 since Vbe is always around 700mV, does that mean the question takes Vce=700mV instead of zero?
Yes the point where Vce = 700 mV is a good point for separating the active mode and saturation regions.
The following two schematics are equivalent:
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
Where \$V_{TH}=V_{CC}\frac{R_2}{R_1+R_2}\$ and \$R_{TH}=\frac{R_1\cdot R_2}{R_1+R_2}\$.
From the above, and assuming \$I_B^{'}=\mid I_B\mid\$ and \$V_{BE}^{'}=\mid V_{BE}\mid\$, you can compute:
$$\begin{align*}
V_{TH}+ I_B^{'}\cdot R_{TH}+ V_{BE}^{'} + I_B^{'}\cdot\left(\beta+1\right)\cdot R_E&=V_{CC}\\\\
\therefore\quad
I_B^{'}=\frac{V_{CC}-V_{TH}-V_{BE}^{'}}{R_{TH}+\left(\beta+1\right)\cdot R_E}
\end{align*}$$
Given your values, I get \$I_B^{'}\approx 9.6\:\mu\textrm{A}\$.
The start of shallow entry into saturation occurs right when \$V_{BC}=0\:\textrm{V}\$ or when \$V_B=V_C\$:
$$\begin{align*}
V_C&=V_B\\\\
I_C\cdot R_L &= V_{TH}+I_B^{'}\cdot R_{TH}\\\\
\beta\: I_B^{'}\cdot R_L &=V_{TH}+I_B^{'}\cdot R_{TH}\\\\
\therefore \quad R_L &=\frac{V_{TH}+I_B^{'}\cdot R_{TH}}{\beta\: I_B^{'}}=\frac{1}{\beta}\left(R_{TH}+\frac{V_{TH}}{I_B^{'}}\right)
\end{align*}$$
From which I get \$R_L\approx 2130\:\Omega\$.
Maximum gain for CE stage is VDD/0.026; the current is irrelevant (within reason).
Consider a 26 volt battery. You can operate at 1mA (thus 24Kohm allows 2 volts across the Vce, so bipolar is just barely out of saturation), or 10mA or 100mA,
or 1uA (with 24,000,000 Ohm Rcollector)
Yeah. It maxes out at $40\cdot V_{CC}$. But I think the OP had a different question. Or did I miss something?
Indeed, the question was a very different one.
Then I apologize for providing insight to the OP.
| 28,919 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53182515 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,018 | Stack Exchange | Daniel Lyons, Guy Coder, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1243762, https://stackoverflow.com/users/67579, https://stackoverflow.com/users/812818, willeM_ Van Onsem | English | Spoken | 395 | 709 | Prolog - evaluation arbitrarily sized expressions
The function is meant to evaluate an arbitrarily structured expression with references to a list of variables. (I know this question exists, but its answer is poorly written and I cannot understand it.)
My work so far is below:
lookup(X, Env, V) :-
member(val(X,V),Env). //finds the value of a variable in the "environment".
eval(S, Env, V):-
lookup(S,Env,V). //if expression is a single variable name/key, return the value of the pair.
eval(H+T, Env, V):- //if expression is in the form of head+tail...
lookup(H,Env,HVal), //first, make sure that the head can be looked up;
eval(T, Env, V - HVal). //then, treat the tail as its own expression while expecting a modified value.
eval(F+S, Env, V):- //if expression is contains two atoms, evaluate their sum.
lookup(F, Env, FVal),
lookup(S, Env, SVal),
V is FVal + SVal.
... % minus, times etc. implemented similarly
Right now, the code works fine for single-value look up like:
?- eval(a, [val(a,1),val(b,2),val(c,3)], V).
V = 1 .
As well as "diatomic" expressions:
?- eval(a+b, [val(a,1),val(b,2),val(c,3)], V).
V = 3 .
but more than that (i.e. a+b+a) makes the code return false. instantly.
What's wrong with my implementation? How can I fix it?
I think your main problem is expecting V - HVal in the goal eval(T, Env, V - HVal) to do something. Without trying it, I think you want to change that line of code to eval(T, Env, TVal), V is HVal + TVal..
By the way, I think Will's answer on that question is great and worthy of serious study. I think you're misattributing your confusion at Prolog. Confusion is a normal part of learning--if you weren't confused, you would be having an encounter with something you already understand.
call eval recursively on the subexpressions.
Where are the guard clauses to differentiate the two predicates eval(H+T, Env, V) and eval(F+S, Env, V? Your second predicate says if expression is contains two atoms but I see no guard clauses checking to make sure that F and S are atoms.
@GuyCoder I don't think they need two clauses here if they follow Willem's advice.
@DanielLyons You could be right, I just don't have the time to test this question out. I have an evaluation system that has many 10s of rules and the guards are needed.
@GuyCoder fair enough
Of interest: PRESS: PRolog Equation Solving System GitHub
| 28,328 |
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket%20Man | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Rocket Man | https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rocket Man&action=history | French | Spoken | 165 | 284 | Rocket Man ou Rocketman signifie littéralement en anglais « homme-fusée » ou « homme de la fusée » et désigne généralement un astronaute. Il peut faire référence également à :
Littérature
The Rocket Man (traduit en français par L'Homme de l'espace) est une nouvelle de Ray Bradbury parue en 1951 dans Maclean's et reprise dans le recueil L'Homme illustré.
Cinéma/Télévision
Rocket Man (The Rocket Man) est un film américain d'Oscar Rudolph sorti en 1954 ;
Rocket Man est un film américain de Stuart Gillard sorti en 1997 ;
Rocket Man est une série télévisée britannique diffusée en 2005 ;
Rocketman est un film britannique de Dexter Fletcher sorti en 2019 basé sur la vie du chanteur Elton John.
Musique
Rocket Man est une chanson d'Elton John sortie en 1972.
Personnes
« Rocketman » est un des surnoms d'Yves Rossy (né en 1959), pilote d'avion et inventeur suisse.
« Rocket Man » est le surnom donné par Donald Trump à Kim Jong-un.
Références
Homonymie de titre | 29,818 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C4%81l | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Matāl | https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matāl&action=history | Cebuano | Spoken | 215 | 378 | Bukid ang Matāl (Pinulongang Persiyano: متال داغی, Matāl Dāghī, مال داغی, متال) sa Iran. Nahimutang ni sa lalawigan sa East Azerbaijan, sa amihanan-kasadpang bahin sa nasod, km sa amihanan-kasadpan sa Tehrān ang ulohan sa nasod. metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Matāl, o ka metros sa ibabaw sa naglibot nga tereyn. Mga ka kilometro ang gilapdon sa tiilan niini. Matāl mao ang bahin sa Kūh-e Qamesh Gūnī.
Ang yuta palibot sa Matāl kasagaran medyo kabukiran. Kinahabogang dapit sa palibot ang Kūh-e Sahand, ka metros ni kahaboga ibabaw sa dagat, km sa habagatan sa Matāl. Dunay mga ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Matāl medyo gamay nga populasyon. Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang Kargān-e Qadīm, km sa sidlakan sa Matāl. Hapit nalukop sa kasagbotan ang palibot sa Matāl. Sa rehiyon palibot sa Matāl, kabukiran talagsaon komon.
Ang klima klima sa kontinente. Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Agosto, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa °C. Ang kasarangang pag-ulan milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Mayo, sa milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Agosto, sa milimetro.
Saysay
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Kūh-e Qamesh Gūnī
Kabukiran sa East Azerbaijan (lalawigan sa Iran)
Kabukiran sa Iran nga mas taas kay sa 3000 metros ibabaw sa dagat nga lebel | 41,711 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20video%20games%20based%20on%20tabletop%20games | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | List of video games based on tabletop games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List of video games based on tabletop games&action=history | English | Spoken | 344 | 705 | This is a list of licensed video games based on tabletop role-playing games and miniature wargames.
Battlecars
Video game based on the Battlecars wargame:
Battlecars (1984)
BattleTech
For video games based on BattleTech and games in the MechWarrior series, see List of BattleTech games#Video games.
Buck Rogers XXVC
Video games based on the Buck Rogers XXVC RPG:
Buck Rogers: Countdown to Doomsday (1990)
Buck Rogers: Matrix Cubed (1992)
Champions
MMORPG based on Champions RPG:
Champions Online (2009)
Cyberpunk
Action RPG based on the Cyberpunk 2020 RPG:
Cyberpunk 2077 (2020)
The Dark Eye
For video games based on the German RPG The Dark Eye, see The Dark Eye#Video games.
Dungeons & Dragons
For video games based on Dungeons & Dragons, see List of Dungeons & Dragons video games.
Heavy Gear
Video games based on Heavy Gear:
Heavy Gear (1997)
Heavy Gear II (1999)
Numenera
Video game based on the Numenera RPG:
Torment: Tides of Numenera (2017)
Ogre
Video games based on the Ogre wargame:
Ogre (1986)
Ogre (2017)
Rifts
Video game based on the Rifts RPG:
Rifts: Promise of Power (2005)
RuneQuest
Video game based on the RuneQuest RPG:
King of Dragon Pass (1999)
Shadowrun
For video games based on Shadowrun, see Shadowrun#Video games.
Skyrealms of Jorune
Video game based on the RPG Skyrealms of Jorune:
Alien Logic: A Skyrealms of Jorune Adventure (1994)
Space: 1889
Video game based on the Space: 1889 RPG:
Space: 1889 (1990)
Traveller
Video games based on the Traveller RPG:
MegaTraveller 1: The Zhodani Conspiracy (1990)
MegaTraveller 2: Quest for the Ancients (1991)
Tunnels & Trolls
Video game based on the Tunnels & Trolls RPG:
Tunnels & Trolls: Crusaders of Khazan (1990)
Twilight 2000
Video game based on the Twilight 2000 RPG:
Twilight 2000 (1991)
Warhammer
For video games based on Warhammer Fantasy and Warhammer 40,000, see List of Games Workshop video games.
World of Darkness
Video games based on the World of Darkness:
Hunter: The Reckoning (2002)
Hunter: The Reckoning: Wayward (2003)
Hunter: The Reckoning: Redeemer (2003)
Vampire: The Masquerade – Redemption (2000)
Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines (2004) | 26,575 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20Springs%2C%20Arkansas | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Hot Springs, Arkansas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hot Springs, Arkansas&action=history | English | Spoken | 6,667 | 9,104 | Hot Springs is a resort city in the state of Arkansas and the county seat of Garland County. The city is located in the Ouachita Mountains among the U.S. Interior Highlands, and is set among several natural hot springs for which the city is named. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city had a population of 37,930, making it the 11th most populous city in Arkansas.
The center of Hot Springs is the oldest federal reserve in the United States, today preserved as Hot Springs National Park. The hot spring water has been popularly believed for centuries to possess healing properties, and was a subject of legend among several Native American tribes. Following federal protection in 1832, the city developed into a successful spa town. Incorporated January 10, 1851, the city has been home to Major League Baseball spring training, illegal gambling, speakeasies and gangsters such as Al Capone, horse racing at Oaklawn Park, the Army and Navy Hospital, and 42nd President Bill Clinton. One of the largest Pentecostal denominations in the United States, the Assemblies of God, traces its beginnings to Hot Springs.
Much of Hot Springs' history is preserved by various government entities. Hot Springs National Park is maintained by the National Park Service, including Bathhouse Row, which preserves the eight historic bathhouse buildings and gardens along Central Avenue. Downtown Hot Springs is preserved as the Central Avenue Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The city also contains dozens of historic hotels and motor courts, built during the Great Depression in the Art Deco style. Due to the popularity of the thermal waters, Hot Springs benefited from rapid growth during a period when many cities saw a sharp decline in building; much like Miami's art deco districts. As a result, Hot Springs's architecture is a key part of the city's blend of cultures, including a reputation as a tourist town and a Southern city. Also a destination for the arts, Hot Springs features the Hot Springs Music Festival, Hot Springs Documentary Film Festival, and the Valley of the Vapors Independent Music Festival annually.
History
Settlement
Members of many Native American tribes had been gathering in the valley for untold numbers of years to enjoy the healing properties of the thermal springs.
In 1673, Father Marquette and Jolliet explored the area and claimed it for France. The 1763 Treaty of Paris ceded the land to Spain; however, in 1800 control was returned to France until the Louisiana Purchase of 1803.
In December 1804, George Hunter and William Dunbar made an expedition to the springs, finding a lone log cabin and a few rudimentary shelters used by people visiting the springs for their healing properties. In 1807, a man named Prudhomme became the first settler of modern Hot Springs, and he was soon joined by John Perciful and Isaac Cates.
On August 24, 1818, the Quapaw Native Americans ceded the land around the hot springs to the United States in a treaty. After Arkansas became its own territory in 1819, the Arkansas Territorial Legislature requested in 1820 that the springs and adjoining mountains be set aside as a federal reservation. Twelve years later, in 1832, the Hot Springs Reservation was created by the United States Congress, granting federal protection of the thermal waters. The reservation was renamed Hot Springs National Park in 1921.
Civil War
The outbreak of the American Civil War left Hot Springs with a declining bathing population. After the Confederate forces suffered defeat in the Battle of Pea Ridge in March 1862, the Union troops advanced toward the Confederate city of Little Rock. Confederate Governor Henry M. Rector moved his staff and state records to Hot Springs. Union forces did not attack Little Rock, and the government returned to the capital city on July 14, 1862.
Many residents of Hot Springs fled to Texas or Louisiana and remained there until the end of the war. In September 1863, Union forces occupied Little Rock. During this period, Hot Springs became the prey of guerrilla bands loosely associated with either Union or Confederate forces. They pillaged and burned the near-deserted town, leaving only a few buildings standing at the end of the Civil War.
Rebuilding
After the Civil War, extensive rebuilding of bathhouses and hotels took place at Hot Springs. The year-round population soared to 1,200 inhabitants by 1870. By 1873 six bathhouses and 24 hotels and boardinghouses stood near the springs.
In 1873, Hot Springs became the county seat of the newly formed Garland County. Prior to 1873, the city had been a part of Hot Spring County.
In 1874, Joseph Reynolds announced his decision to construct a narrow-gauge railroad from Malvern to Hot Springs; completion in 1875 resulted in the growth of visitation to the springs. Samuel W. Fordyce and two other entrepreneurs financed the construction of the first luxury hotel in the area, the first Arlington Hotel, which opened in 1875.
During the Reconstruction Era, several conflicting land claims reached the U.S. Congress and resulted on April 24, 1876, Supreme Court ruling that the land title of Hot Springs belonged to the federal government. Protests ensued. To deal with the situation, Congress formed the Hot Springs Commission to lay out streets in the town of Hot Springs, deal with land claims, define property lines, condemn buildings illegally on the permanent reservation (now the national park), and define a process for claimants to purchase land. The commission surveyed and set aside encompassing the hot springs and Hot Springs Mountain to be a permanent government reservation. Another became the Hot Springs townsite, with awarded to claimants. The townsite consisted of 196 blocks and of streets and alleys. The remaining portion of the original four sections of government land consisted of hills and mountains which were mostly unoccupied, and Congress acted on the commission's recommendation in June 1880 by adding those lands to the permanent reservation.
Baseball in Hot Springs
Hot Springs has a rich baseball history. During the early 20th century, Hot Springs was known for baseball training camps. Often called the "birthplace" of Spring training baseball, Hot Springs first welcomed Major League Baseball in 1886, when the Chicago White Stockings (now the Chicago Cubs), brought their coaches and players to the city in preparation for the upcoming season. Chicago White Stockings' President Albert Spalding, the founder of A.G Spalding, and player/manager Cap Anson introduced the concept of players having training and fitness before the start of the regular season, This move gave credit to Hot Springs being called the "birthplace of spring training baseball". Both Spalding and Anson liked the city and the natural springs for their players. They first played in an area behind what is now the Garland County Courthouse on Ouachita Avenue at was called the Hot Springs Baseball Grounds. Many other teams followed Chicago and began training and playing games in Hot Springs.
The Cleveland Spiders, Pittsburgh Pirates, Brooklyn Dodgers, Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Reds, Detroit Tigers, New York Yankees, St. Louis Cardinals and Boston Red Sox were among the major league teams that made Hot Springs their home for Spring training. Needing additional venues for teams to play, Whittington Park was built in 1894, followed by Majestic Park in 1908 and Fogel Field in 1912. 134 members of the Baseball Hall of Fame are documented to have trained or played in Hot Springs.
Negro league baseball teams also utilized Hot Springs for spring training. The Pittsburgh Crawfords utilized Fogel Field for spring training from 1932 to 1935. Their roster contained Baseball Hall of Fame Inductees Cool Papa Bell, Josh Gibson, Oscar Charleston and Judy Johnson. The Homestead Grays, held spring training at Fogel Field in 1930 and 1931. On their roster were numerous Hall of Fame players: Cool Papa Bell, Josh Gibson, Oscar Charleston, Jud Wilson, Bill Foster, Judy Johnson, Smokey Joe Williams, Willie Wells and Cum Posey.
St. Patrick's Day, 1918, is nicknamed the "Day that changed Baseball Forever." Boston Red Sox' pitcher Babe Ruth hit a long Home Run into the Arkansas Alligator Farm and Petting Zoo that altered the course of baseball history. In the opening exhibition game against Brooklyn at Whittington Park, Ruth (coming off a 24–13 season) was a last minute replacement at first base, his first time at a position other than pitcher. Ruth hit two long home runs that day while playing the field for the first time. His first home run was a long blast that landed in a wood pile. However, his second Home run is legendary in its record setting length and eventual effect on Ruth. It was a shot that traveled an astonishing estimated 573 feet.
After that day Ruth became a hitter, switching from being just a pitcher. In Hot Springs, Ruth could be seen walking the streets, visiting the bath spas, and gambling at the nearby horse track. There is a Ruth plaque both inside and outside the Alligator Farm, as well as a home plate marker at the former Whittington Park across the street.
The Pittsburgh Pirates trained for over a decade at Whittington Park. Hall of Fame shortstop Honus Wagner became a fixture in the city. As evidence of this, Wagner purchased and donated basketball uniforms and equipment to Hot Springs High School in 1912. The uniforms were in the Pittsburgh Pirates colors of black and gold and subsequently the high school switched permanently to those colors. Wagner also refereed a basketball game for the school that season, something he would later repeat.
In 1952, an 18-year old Hank Aaron played in the Negro American League championship for the Indianapolis Clowns against the Birmingham Black Barons at Majestic Park.
On October 22, 1953, Jackie Robinson played in an exhibition game at Majestic Park. Having broken Major League Baseball's color barrier in 1947, Robinson's squad played the Negro American League All-Stars that day, losing 14–9.
The First Boys of Spring is a 2015 documentary covering the history of Hot Springs Baseball spring training. The film features many Hot Springs historical items and references. Produced by Arkansas filmmaker Larry Foley, it is narrated by Hot Springs area native, actor Billy Bob Thornton. The Foley documentary is aired nationally on the MLB Network, first airing in February, 2016.
Today, as part of the Hot Springs Baseball Historic Trail, there are 26 green plaques/markers posted throughout Hot Springs that identify the key people and locations, with an app available to provide live information.
1913 fire
On September 5, 1913, a fire broke out on Church Street a few blocks southeast of Bathhouse Row, near the Army and Navy Hospital. The fire burned southeast, away from the hospital, until the wind reversed an hour later. Racing toward the business section, it destroyed the Ozark Sanitarium and Hot Springs High School on its way across Malvern Avenue. Along the way it consumed the Public Utilities plant, which destroyed the firefighters' water supply. A wide front then was blown toward Ouachita Avenue which destroyed the Garland County Court House. The Hot Springs Fire Department fought alongside the Little Rock Fire Department, which had rushed over on a special train. Despite their efforts, numerous homes, at least a hundred businesses, four hotels, the Iron Mountain Railroad facilities, and the Crystal Theater were destroyed. A rainstorm finally quenched the blaze at Hazel Street. Although Central Avenue was ultimately protected (primarily by desperate use of dynamite), much of the southern part of the city was destroyed. Damage was estimated at $10,000,000 across 60 blocks.
Formation of the Assemblies of God
From April 2–12, 1914, several Pentecostal Christian leaders gathered in Hot Springs to form what became known as the Assemblies of God. It has since grown to become one of the largest Pentecostal denominations in the United States, with 3,146,741 adherents, 12,849 churches, and 36,884 ministers ().
Gangsters and illegal gambling
Illegal gambling became firmly established in Hot Springs during the decades following the Civil War, with two factions, the Flynns and the Dorans, fighting one another throughout the 1880s for control of the town. Frank Flynn, leader of the Flynn Faction, had effectively begun paying local law enforcement officers employed by both the Hot Springs Police Department and the Garland County Sheriff's Office to collect unpaid debts, as well as to intimidate gambling rivals. This contributed to the March 16, 1899, Hot Springs Gunfight. Of the seven Hot Springs police officers who have been killed while in service of the department, three died during that gunfight, killed by deputies of the Garland County Sheriff's Office. One part-time deputy sheriff was killed also, by the Hot Springs officers.
Along with Bathhouse Row, one of downtown Hot Springs' most noted landmarks is the Arlington Hotel, a favored retreat for Al Capone.
Hot Springs eventually became a national gambling mecca, led by Owney Madden and his Hotel Arkansas casino. The period 1927–1947 was its wagering pinnacle, with no fewer than ten major casinos and numerous smaller houses running wide open, the largest such operation in the United States at the time. Hotels advertised the availability of prostitutes, and off-track booking was available for virtually any horse race in North America.
Local law enforcement was controlled by a political machine run by long-serving mayor Leo McLaughlin. The McLaughlin organization purchased hundreds of poll tax receipts, many in the names of deceased or fictitious persons, which would sometimes be voted in different precincts. A former sheriff, who attempted to have the state's anti-gambling laws enforced and to secure honest elections, was murdered in 1937. No one was ever charged with his killing. Machine domination of city and county government was abruptly ended in 1946 with the election of a "Government Improvement" slate of returning World War II veterans led by Marine Lt. Col. Sid McMath, who was elected prosecuting attorney. A 1947 grand jury indicted several owners and promoters, as well as McLaughlin, for public servant bribery. Although the former mayor and most of the others were acquitted, the machine's power was broken and gambling came to a halt, as McMath led a statewide "GI Revolt" into the governor's office in 1948. Illegal casino gambling resumed, however, with the election of Orval Faubus as governor in 1954. Buoyed into 12 years in office by his popular defiance of federal court desegregation orders, Faubus turned a blind eye to gambling in Hot Springs. Variety explained the status of the casinos in 1959 as follows: "How do these places operate when gambling and mixed drinks are supposedly against the law? Simple. Every week the management appears in local court, pays its fine according to the amount of biz [business] done and goes back to open up."
Gambling was finally closed down in 1967 by two Republican officeholders, Governor Winthrop Rockefeller and Circuit Judge Henry M. Britt. Rockefeller sent in a company of state troopers to shutter the casinos and burn their gaming equipment. Until other forms of gambling became legal in Arkansas four decades later, Oaklawn Park, a thoroughbred horse racing track south of downtown, was the only legal gambling establishment in Hot Springs and one of only two in the state of Arkansas; the other was the Southland Greyhound Park dog track in West Memphis. Both Oaklawn and Southland remain in operation.
Army-Navy Hospital
After the Civil War, the idea of establishing an Army-Navy hospital in Hot Springs was advocated by A.S. Garnett, a former Navy surgeon with a local practice, and John A. Logan, a retired Union general turned politician who was a former patient of Garnett's. In 1884, Logan persuaded Congress to allocate $100,000 for the purpose. Erected under the supervision of Captain J.W. Jacobs, the 100-bed hospital was built of wood and brick in the "pavilion style" that required patients and clinicians to traverse long distances.
After World War I, Congress granted $1.5 million to build a new facility. Built under Captain Edward George, it could hold 500 patients and contained such cutting-edge technology as an X-ray wing and temperature-controlled morgue. The operating rooms and equipment were thought to be the finest in the country.
Yet after the United States entered World War II, the hospital was once again overwhelmed. The Army and Navy arranged to send some overflow to the nearby Arlington and Majestic hotels. The hospital also trained dentists, surgeons, and pharmacists, and housed the first enlisted medical technician school for the Women's Army Corps.The grounds contained a kitchen and living quarters for nurses and physicians. Among the famous people treated at the hospital were Helen Keller and Joe DiMaggio. The hospital was closed on April 1, 1960, likely because local demand dropped. The grounds were sold to the state of Arkansas for one dollar.
World War II
The military took over the enormous Eastman Hotel across the street from the Army and Navy Hospital in 1942 because the hospital was not nearly large enough to hold the sick and wounded coming in. In 1944, the Army began redeploying returning overseas soldiers; officials inspected hotels in 20 cities before selecting Hot Springs as a redistribution center for returning soldiers. In August 1944, the Army took over most of the hotels in Hot Springs. The soldiers from the west-central states received a 21-day furlough before reporting to the redistribution station. They spent 14 days updating their military records and obtaining physical and dental treatment. The soldiers had time to enjoy the baths at a reduced rate and other recreational activities. The redistribution center closed down in December 1945 after processing more than 32,000 members of the military. In 1946, after the war, the Eastman was demolished when the federal government no longer needed it.
21st century
In 2013, the metro was ranked by Forbes as one of the top "small places for business and careers", citing a low cost of doing business, high job growth and an educated workforce. The first cannabis dispensary in the state opened in May 2019 in the city.
Geography
Hot Springs is located in southeastern Garland County at . It sits at the southeastern edge of the Ouachita Mountains and is southwest of Little Rock.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Hot Springs has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.35%, is water.
Natural springs
The city takes its name from the natural thermal water that flows from 47 springs on the western slope of Hot Springs Mountain in the historic downtown district of the city. About of water flow from the springs each day. The flow rate is not affected by fluctuations in the rainfall in the area. Studies by National Park Service scientists have determined through radiocarbon dating that the water that reaches the surface in Hot Springs fell as rainfall 4,400 years earlier. The water percolates very slowly down through the earth's surface until it reaches superheated areas deep in the crust and then rushes rapidly to the surface to emerge from the 47 hot springs.
Hot Springs Creek flows from Whittington Avenue, then is underground in a tunnel beneath Bathhouse Row (Central Ave). It emerges from the tunnel south of Bathhouse Row then flows through the southern part of the city before emptying into Lake Hamilton, a reservoir on the Ouachita River.
Climate
Hot Springs lies in the humid subtropical climate zone (Köppen Cfa). The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. July is the hottest month of the year, with an average high of and an average low of . The city's highest temperature was , recorded in 1936 and 1986. The lowest temperature recorded was in 1930.
Precipitation is weakly seasonal, with a bimodal pattern: wet seasons in the spring and fall, and relatively drier summers and winters, but plentiful rain in all months. The spring wet season is more pronounced than fall, with the highest rainfall in May. Hot Springs' precipitation is affected by the orographic effect of the Ouachita Mountains.
Demographics
Hot Springs is the principal city of the Hot Springs metropolitan area, which includes all of Garland County, registering a population of 100,180 in 2020 according to the United States Census Bureau.
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 37,930 people, 16,163 households, and 8,363 families residing in the city.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 35,750 people, 16,096 households, and 9,062 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 18,813 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 78.86% White, 16.87% Black or African American, 0.55% Native American, 0.79% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, and 1.86% from two or more races. 3.80% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 16,096 households, out of which 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.2% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.7% are classified as non-families by the United States Census Bureau.
Of 16,096 households, 690 are unmarried partner households: 580 heterosexual, 78 same-sex male, and 32 same-sex female. 38.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.80.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.2% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 23.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $26,040, and the median income for a family was $32,819. Males had a median income of $25,861 versus $20,155 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,961. About 13.7% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.7% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.
Arts and culture
The city has been a tourist mecca for generations due to the thermal waters and attractions such as Oaklawn Park, a thoroughbred racing facility; Magic Springs theme park; a fine arts community that has earned the city the No. 4 position among "America's Top 100 Small Arts Towns"; the Hot Springs Music Festival; and the Hot Springs Documentary Film Festival, held each October at the historic Malco Theater, attracting numerous Academy Award-winning films and producers, Hot Springs International Women's Film Festival screening all genres of films held each year at the Historic Central Theater.
Annual cultural events
Other annual events in town include the Valley of the Vapors Music Festival, the free Hot Springs Jazz Festival in September, the free Hot Springs Blues Festival in September, the downtown Bathtub Races in the spring, the Big Barbecue Cookoff in spring and fall, the World's Shortest St. Patrick's Day Parade every March 17, and the outdoor skating rink November through January. Venues for live music are Low Key Arts, Maxine's, The Ohio Club, The Big Chill, and the Arlington Hotel among many others.
Hot Springs Arts & Film Institute's International Horror Film Festival, screens Horror, Thriller and Sci Fi films, each year the festival attracts well known celebrities and industry professionals.
Superlift Offroad Vehicle Park hosts the annual Ouachita Jeep Jamboree, an off-road adventure weekend that draws people and their 4x4's from a dozen states.
Educational institutes and conventions are important events in the spa city. Perhaps the most popular of these events is the Hot Springs Technology Institute (HSTI), drawing over 1,300 participants each June. Hot Springs is also home to the annual alternate reality game Midnight Madness, based on the movie from which it gets its name. Teams race throughout the city at night, solving clues based on difficult puzzle and physical challenges. Games last 12 hours or more, with the winning team designing the following year's game.
Tourism
Arkansas Alligator Farm and Petting Zoo
Founded on Whittington Avenue in 1902, the Arkansas Alligator Farm and Petting Zoo features approximately 200 alligators. The zoo also contains cougars, turkeys, chickens, wild boars, turtles, bobcats, and ring-tailed lemurs. A petting zoo with goats, emus, llamas, white-tailed deer, pigs, baby alligators, and other animals allows visitors to touch and feed the animals. An alligator feeding show includes educational material about the animals.
Bathhouse Row, Hot Springs National Park
Bathhouse Row, consisting of eight turn-of-the century historic buildings, lies within Hot Springs National Park and is managed by the National Park Service. Fordyce Bathhouse was restored in 1989 as the park's visitor center and the beginning of restoring all properties on Bathhouse Row. The series of renovations and leasing public spaces to commercial owners became a model for similar projects across the nation.
Buckstaff Bathhouse has been in continuous operation since 1912 and is one of the best-preserved structures on Bathhouse Row. The Buckstaff Bathhouse Company has completed the majority of maintenance and renovation that has occurred without outside funding. The Quapaw was restored by the NPS in 2004, and the renovated structure was leased to Quapaw Baths, LLC, which now operates a modern spa with pools and hot tubs. The Lamar was renovated into offices for park staff and Bathhouse Row Emporium, the park's official store. The Superior Bathhouse Brewery and Distillery has occupied Superior Bathhouse since 2012, using hot spring water in its beers and spirits. As of February 2014, the Maurice, Ozark, and Hale bathhouses are all available for rent from the NPS.
Atop Hot Springs Mountain in the park is the Hot Springs Mountain Tower, a observation tower built in 1982.
Central Avenue
Along Bathhouse Row is Central Avenue, Highway 7, lined with historic buildings, businesses and tourist attractions. Today preserved by NRHP as Hot Springs Central Avenue Historic District, the district includes 77 contributing properties to the district between Prospect Street and Park Avenue. Included within this district are the 1924 Arlington Hotel, the Medical Arts Building, a 1929 Art Deco high-rise, and the Wade Building, built in 1927 in the neoclassical style.
Garvan Woodland Gardens
Founded by the daughter of a lumber and brick magnate in 1985, the botanical garden on Arkridge Road features native Ouachita Mountains flora among rocky streams and waterfalls. Garvan also has a Japanese-themed section with several species native to Japan throughout. The garden is situated on a peninsula jutting into Lake Hamilton and began as Verna Garvan's personal garden for decades before being donated to the University of Arkansas landscape architecture department.
Historic hotels and districts
Thirteen of Hot Springs's hotels are individually listed by the NRHP within the city, with more being listed as contributing properties within other districts. Four of Hot Springs' neighborhoods are preserved as historic districts by the National Register of Historic Places, and the city also contains five historically important commercial districts in addition to the aforementioned Bathhouse Row and Central Avenue Historic District.
The city contains several historic hotels, including the Arlington Hotel, Jack Tar Hotel and Bathhouse, Mountainaire Hotel Historic District, Park Hotel, and the Riviera Hotel. During Hot Springs' heyday, several tourists visiting the city stayed at motor courts, the precursor to today's hotels. The NRHP recognizes seven of these motels as culturally and historically significant: Bellaire Court Historic District, Cottage Courts Historic District, Cove Tourist Court, George Klein Tourist Court Historic District, Lynwood Tourist Court Historic District, Parkway Courts Historic District, Perry Plaza Court Historic District, and the Taylor Rosamond Motel Historic District.
The Fordyce-Ricks House Historic District at 1501 Park Avenue includes three buildings on formerly owned by Samuel W. Fordyce, a prominent businessman and railroad executive who moved to Hot Springs in 1876. The house and outbuildings are built as log cabins in the Adirondack style. The Pleasant Street Historic District along Malvern Avenue (colloquially "Black Broadway") contains 93 contiguous buildings associated with the city's African American community. Included within the district are the Visitors Chapel AME church and the Woodmen of Union Building, along with 69 other contributing structures. A variety of architectural styles are used, with many of the structures using brick facades. The Quapaw-Prospect Historic District contains 233 structures near downtown Hot Springs, with 139 residential houses contributing to the character of the district built between 1890 and 1950 in several architectural styles. The Whittington Park Historic District is a residential district lining Whittington Park, a long, narrow park between two one-way streets created by the National Park Service in 1897. The 1896–1960 district contains 60 single-family houses and ten other structures. Predominantly Craftsman, ranch and Queen Anne-style buildings, the district is northwest of downtown Hot Springs.
Seven districts in Hot Springs have special historical significance to the city's past economy. In addition to the aforementioned Bathhouse Row and Central Avenue Historic District, the Army and Navy General Hospital Historic District includes 31 buildings surrounding and supporting the former Army-Navy Hospital. Built in 1933, the six-story brick building built in the Spanish Colonial Revival style with Art Deco detailing is the centerpiece of the district, and remains the most imposing figure on the Hot Springs skyline. The Forest Service Headquarters Historic District encompasses six structures on Winona and Indiana Streets built by the Civilian Conservation Corps as the headquarters of the Jessieville Ranger District of the Ouachita National Forest. The Hot Springs Railroad Warehouse Historic District preserves three brick buildings between the Missouri Pacific Railroad tracks and Broadway. Almost entirely unaltered, the 1920s structures are associated with the railroad industry, which was extremely important to Hot Springs in the early 20th century. As the city grew during the early 20th century, commercial activity developed along Ouachita Avenue south of Bathhouse Row, today preserved as the Ouachita Avenue Historic District. Mostly consisting of brick commercial and multifamily buildings, the district maintains the character of an historic commercial area. The 1905 Peter Joplin Commercial Block building was the only building to survive the 1913 "Black Friday" fire, making it a remnant of early commercial activity on Ouachita Avenue when all contemporary structures have been destroyed.
Lake Catherine and Lake Hamilton
Lake Hamilton and Lake Catherine are two reservoirs of the Ouachita River south of Hot Springs created for hydroelectric power generation and recreational uses. Both created by Arkansas Power & Light (AP&L), Lake Catherine formed following the construction of Remmel Dam in the 1920s. Following a donation of over , the state created Lake Catherine State Park in 1935. Today, the park features fishing and water recreation as well as camping to visitors. Lake Hamilton was created following the construction of Carpenter Dam in the 1930s. Built during the Great Depression, the power produced by the dam is credited with allowing AP&L to survive the difficult economic times. Following construction, resorts, businesses, and homes have been built along the lake, in contrast to Lake Catherine. Due to the economic importance of the dam to Hot Springs, Carpenter Dam was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. Fishing is popular on Lake Hamilton, and the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission operates a fish hatchery to stock the lake with bass and other species.
Oaklawn Park
Oaklawn Park has been operating since 1904. (A second horse racing park was once within the city limits, but was eventually closed.) Former U.S. President Bill Clinton, his half-brother Roger, and Billy Bob Thornton, all Hot Springs natives, have frequented Oaklawn Park. The meet, held from January through mid-April each year, is sometimes called the "Fifth Season". In mid-April, its final week sees the "Racing Festival of the South", concluding with the Arkansas Derby, which has drawn many Triple Crown contenders. In 2015, American Pharoah won the Derby and another race at Oaklawn before going on to win the first Triple Crown in three decades. In 2018, the track commemorated the horse's victories by installing a life-sized bronze sculpture by James Peniston.
Sister city
Hanamaki, Iwate, Japan (established in 1993)
Additional
Low Key Arts
Government
Hot Springs operates under the council-manager form of city government, one of the two most common forms of local government in the United States, and common in smaller municipalities. The city is divided into six districts, which elect a city director to the seven-member board of directors. As a body, the board is the prime executive branch of Hot Springs government whose duties include making policy, creating a budget, and passing resolutions and ordinances. The seventh member is a mayor elected at-large by Hot Springs. The mayor presides over city functions in an official capacity and manages the municipal government, without legislative authority. City director elections are held every four years, but are staggered such that elections for three districts coincide with the election of the President of the United States and four occur in November of "off years".
Education
Hot Springs public primary and secondary education includes five school districts, ultimately leading to graduation from five different high schools. The vast majority of Hot Springs is included in the Hot Springs School District, which leads to graduation from Hot Springs High School. Sections of southeastern Hot Springs are within the Lakeside School District, leading to graduation from Lakeside High School, located southeast of town Some eastern sections of Hot Springs are in the Cutter–Morning Star School District, leading to graduation from Cutter–Morning Star High School. The a few pieces to the north are within the Fountain Lake School District, leading to graduation from Fountain Lake High School. In small pieces in the west, students are to be enrolled in Lake Hamilton School District, which leads to graduation from Lake Hamilton High School.
The Arkansas School for Mathematics, Sciences, and the Arts (ASMSA), an advanced statewide program within the University of Arkansas System and National Consortium for Specialized Secondary Schools of Mathematics, Science and Technology, is also located in Hot Springs. A two-year residential program, ASMSA was established in 1993 and is available to students from across the state following acceptance. Hot Springs Christian School is the only private provider of K–12 education in Hot Springs. The only accredited post-secondary educational opportunity in Hot Springs is at National Park College. Created from a merger between Garland County Community College and Quapaw Technical Institute, the college enrolls approximately 3,000 students annually in credit programs. Champion Baptist College, an unaccredited four-year Christian vocational college associated with Gospel Light Baptist Church, is also located in Hot Springs. Champion Baptist College was issued a Letter of Exemption from Certification by the Arkansas Department of Higher Education to offer church-related courses and grant church-related degrees.
Hot Springs previously had a Catholic grade school for black children, St. Gabriel School; it closed in 1968.
Media
The Hot Springs newspaper is the Sentinel-Record, originally part of the Clyde E. Palmer chain, since renamed WEHCO Media. It is published daily.
The Thrifty Nickel, a classified advertising publication, is published from offices at 670 Ouachita Avenue. The Little Rock edition is also published from this office. Thrifty Nickel ceased publication in March 2020.
Seven AM radio stations and fifteen FM stations broadcast from the area.
In addition, most of the Little Rock radio stations provide at least secondary coverage of the city.
Hot Springs is part of the Little Rock television market.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Major highways
U.S. Route 70 and U.S. Route 270 bypass the downtown to the south on the four-lane Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Expressway. U.S. Route 70 Business passes through the center of Hot Springs as Grand Avenue, Summer Street, Albert Pike Road, and Airport Road, while U.S. Route 270 Business enters from the east as Malvern Avenue, joins US 70 Business along Grand Avenue and Summer Street, and exits to the west as Albert Pike Road. US-70 leads east to Benton and west-southwest to Glenwood, while US-270 leads southeast to Malvern and west-northwest to Mount Ida.
Arkansas Highway 7 passes through the center of Hot Springs as Central Avenue and Park Avenue. It leads north across the Ouachita Mountains to Russellville on the Arkansas River, and south to Arkadelphia.
Arkansas Highway 128 (Carpenter Dam Road) branches off US-270 Business in southeastern Hot Springs, leading south to Red Oak.
Interstate 30 passes to the southeast of Hot Springs, with the closest access to the southeast via US-270. I-30 can also be reached to the east via US-70.
Aviation
Hot Springs is served by Memorial Field Airport. Major air transport is available through Little Rock National Airport, approximately from Hot Springs.
Public transportation
Within Hot Springs, three fixed-route buses are operated by the city's Intracity Transit. Primary service includes the Central Avenue corridor (Route 1- blue line), Albert Pike corridor (Route 2 - red line), and Hot Springs National Park and the northeast part of the city (Route 3 - green line). All routes are based at the city's Transportation Depot in downtown Hot Springs, and operate six days a week; Sundays and six annual holidays are excluded.
Notable people
Steve Barton, actor, singer, dancer, choreographer, stage director and teacher
Bobby Bones, radio personality born in Hot Springs
Ruth Coker Burks, AIDS activist, humanitarian, and caregiver
Alan Clark, state senator from Garland, Hot Spring, Saline, and Grant counties, businessman in Hot Springs
Bill Clinton, governor of Arkansas and 42nd President of the United States, boyhood home
Roger Clinton Jr., musician, actor and half-brother of former US President Bill Clinton, born in Hot Springs on July 25, 1956
Donald L. Corbin, Arkansas Supreme Court justice and state representative, born in Hot Springs
Timothy C. Evans Chief Judge of the Cook County Circuit Court
Gauge, pornographic actress born in Hot Springs
Henry Glover, songwriter
Cliff Harris, NFL Dallas Cowboys free safety, played quarterback at Hot Springs High School until his senior year, when he moved to Des Arc
Flora Harrod Hawes, youngest female postmaster in Hot Springs
V. E. Howard, Church of Christ minister who founded the International Gospel Hour in Texarkana, Texas; pastor in Hot Springs early in his career
Alan Ladd, actor born in Hot Springs in 1913
Marjorie Lawrence, Metropolitan Opera diva, resident for many years
Arch McDonald, baseball broadcaster born in Hot Springs
Sid McMath, progressive reform governor of Arkansas 1949–1953, trial lawyer, and decorated U.S. Marine general
Joan Meredith, actress born in Hot Springs
Bobby Mitchell, NFL Hall of Fame running back born in Hot Springs
James Rector, born in Hot Springs, won a silver medal at the Olympics and was the first Olympian from Arkansas
Earl T. Ricks and I. G. Brown, decorated World War II aviators, Hot Springs natives who served as reform mayor and sheriff, respectively (1947–49), before resuming Air Force careers
Paul Runyan, golfer born in Hot Springs; went on to win two PGA championships and is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame
Laurie Rushing, Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from District 26 since 2015; real estate broker
Bill Sample, Republican member of both houses of the Arkansas General Assembly since 2005; businessman in Hot Springs
George Luke Smith, served in the U.S. House from Louisiana's 4th congressional district, relocated to Hot Springs, where he engaged in the real estate business and died in 1884
Billy Bob Thornton, actor, director and Academy Award-winning screenwriter, born in Hot Springs
Inez Harrington Whitfield, botanical watercolor artist active in Hot Springs 1901-1951
Haven for gangsters in the 1930s, including longtime residents Lucky Luciano and Owney Madden
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Garland County, Arkansas
Excelsior Springs, Missouri, a similar 19th-century town that grew up around mineral springs.
References
External links
Greater Hot Springs Chamber of Commerce
History of Hot Springs' Jewish community (from the Institute of Southern Jewish Life)
Hot Springs Convention and Visitor's Bureau, tourism and vacation information
1851 establishments in Arkansas
Cities in Arkansas
Cities in Garland County, Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Hot springs of Arkansas
Populated places established in 1851
Arkansas populated places on the Ouachita River
Spa towns in the United States | 27,122 |
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%2C%20%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Тейлор, Квинтард | https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Тейлор, Квинтард&action=history | Russian | Spoken | 775 | 1,939 | Квинтард Тейлор (, ) — историк, основатель , онлайн-энциклопедии, предоставляющей общественности информацию об , и бывший профессор Вашингтонского университета.
Личная жизнь
Тейлор родился 11 декабря 1948 года в семье Квинтарда Тейлора-старшего и Грейс Тейлор в , штат Теннесси. Он закончил среднюю школу в Браунсвилле, штат Теннесси. Тейлор получил степень бакалавра в 1969 году по американской истории, получил степень магистра и докторскую степень в Миннесотском университете в 1971 и 1977 годах соответственно по истории.
Когда он был учителем в Университете штата Вашингтон, он женился на Кэролайн, и у него было трое детей, Квинтард III, и близнецы, Уильям и .
Он преподавал в нескольких университетах, в том числе в Университете штата Вашингтон, , Орегонском и Вашингтонском университетах, до выхода на пенсию в июне 2018 года. Он также отвечал за различные исследовательские работы в этих университетах. Помимо своих исследовательских статей, он опубликовал несколько книг и статей, в том числе «Формирование сообщества чернокожих: история центрального района Сиэтла», «Формирование сообщества чернокожих: центральный район Сиэтла с 1870 года до эпохи гражданских прав», «В поисках Расовой границы: афроамериканцы на американском Западе, 1528–1990 годы».
Образование
Ранние годы
Тейлор окончил среднюю школу Карвера в Браунсвилле, штат Теннесси. Он закончил среднюю школу, заняв 10-е место среди 210 учеников. Его родители не закончили колледж, но они мотивировали его поступить в колледж. После окончания средней школы он приступил к получению высшего образования.
Колледж
В шестидесятые годы в Западном Теннесси произошли изменения, инициированные Движением за гражданские права, которые привлекли его к изучению истории. Он начал своё образование (на получение степени бакалавра) в возрасте 16 лет в Колледже Святого Августина, Северная Каролина, по американской истории; окончил в 1969 году.
Высшая школа
После окончания колледжа он получил степень магистра в Университете Миннесоты, что позже оказалось для Тейлора фактором в поиске новой учебной программы по изучению истории афроамериканцев. был одним из профессоров, представивших программу истории афроамериканцев под названием «Африканские народы» в Университете Миннесоты. Спир был впервые избран в Сенат Миннесоты в 1972 году, представляя либеральный округ Миннеаполиса с центром в Миннесотском университете. Тейлор окончил вуз в 1971 году.
В 1975 году, после четырёх лет преподавания в Университете штата Вашингтон, он защитил докторскую диссертацию в Университете Миннесоты. В 1977 году он закончил учёбу по истории.
Карьера
Начало карьеры
Окончив Университет Миннесоты в 1971 году, Тейлор начал свою карьеру в качестве доцента в Университете штата Вашингтон (WSU) в 1971 году. Он был принят на работу в недавно созданную программу чёрных исследований, и там он стал одним из двух штатных профессоров чёрных исследований в университете. Он преподавал в этом университете 4 года до 1975 года, прежде чем защитил докторскую диссертацию.
Профессорская карьера
После получения докторской степени в 1977 году он начал искать работу, чтобы поселиться со своей семьёй. В 1977 году он стал профессором истории . Он продолжал преподавать там более 12 лет до 1990 года.
В 1987 году он стал профессором истории Лагосского университета, Акока, Нигерия. Он преподавал там до 1988 года.
Затем, в 1990 году, он стал профессором истории Орегонского университета. Он непрерывно преподавал там 9 лет до 1999 года.
Наконец, в 1999 году он стал профессором американской истории в Вашингтонском университете. Он продолжал преподавать там более 18 лет до выхода на пенсию в июне 2018 года.
Опубликованные работы
Книги
The Making of the Modern World: A Reader in 20th Century Global History (Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall-Hunt Publishing Company, 1990)
The Forging of a Black Community: A History of Seattle's Central District (Seattle: University of Washington, 2022)
In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the American West, 1528-1990 (New York: W.W. Norton, 1998) Nominated for a Pulitzer Prize in History
Lawrence B. de Graaf, Kevin Mulroy and Quintard Taylor, eds. Seeking El Dorado: African Americans in California, 1769-1997 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001)
Shirley Ann Wilson Moore and Quintard Taylor, eds. African American Women Confront the West, 1600-2000 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2003)
From Timbuktu to Katrina: Readings in African American History, Vol. 1, (Boston: Thomson Wadsworth, 2008)
From Timbuktu to Katrina: Readings in African American History, Vol. 2 (Belmont:Wadsworth Publishing, 2007),
America-I-Am Black Facts: The Story of a People Through Timelines, 1601-2000 (New York: Tavis Smiley Books, 2009)
Dr. Sam, Soldier, Educator, Advocate, Friend: The Autobiography of Samuel Eugene Kelly (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2010)
Сайт
Основатель и директор сайта .
Телесериал
African Americans in the West T.V. Series, январь-февраль 2006.
Признание
Награды
Премия Джефферсона штата Вашингтон 2015
Квинтард Тейлор награждён медалью Роберта Грея 2017
Квинтард Тейлор получил награду за достижения в жизни
Другое
Квинтард Тейлор в статье KPLU
Квинтард Тейлор в журнале Pacific NW Magazine
Президент Ана Мари Кос высоко оценила вклад почётного профессора Квинтарда Тейлора в историю чернокожих 2021
Примечания
Ссылки
Dr. Quintard Taylor Interview Details
Преподаватели Орегонского университета
Преподаватели Университета штата Вашингтон
Историки США | 44,383 |
https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%20%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | মিটারিং মোড | https://bn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=মিটারিং মোড&action=history | Bengali | Spoken | 75 | 494 | এক্সপোজারের পরিমাপ। এর ফলে ফটোগ্রাফারের ইচ্ছা মতো হাইলাইট ও শ্যাডোর ব্যবহার করা যায়। অনেক আধুনিক ক্যামেরায় মিটার আর এক্সপোজার নির্ধারণ স্বয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে হয়ে থাকে। স্বয়ংক্রিয় এক্সপোজারের আগে সঠিক এক্সপোজারটি পাওয়া যায় একটি পৃথক লাইট মিটারিং যন্ত্রের মাধ্যমে অথবা সঠিক সেটিং সম্পর্কে ফটোগ্রাফারের জ্ঞান বা অভিজ্ঞতার মাধ্যমে। আলোর পরিমাণকে ব্যবহারযোগ্য অ্যাপারচার ও শাটার স্পিডে ধরতে মিটারকে ফিল্ম বা সেন্সরের আলোক-সংবেদনশীলতার সঙ্গে খাপ খাইয়ে নিতে হয়। এটি করা হয় মিটারের মধ্যে "ফিল্ম স্পিড" বা আইএসও সেন্সিটিভিটির মাধ্যমে।
আলোকচিত্রগ্রহণ | 8,143 |
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montecristo%2C%20Bol%C3%ADvar | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Montecristo, Bolívar | https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montecristo, Bolívar&action=history | Malay | Spoken | 17 | 44 | Montecristo merupakan sebuah kawasan perbandaran dan komuniti yang terletak di wilayah Bolívar, Colombia.
Kawasan perbandaran di Colombia | 602 |
https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%20%28%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%20%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AB%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | अदिरिदय्या चंद्रं (सन् २००५या संकिपा) | https://new.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=अदिरिदय्या चंद्रं (सन् २००५या संकिपा)&action=history | Newar | Spoken | 35 | 214 | अदिरिदय्या चंद्रं छगु तेलेगु भाषाया नांजागु संकिपा खः। थ्व संकिपा सन् २००५य् पिहांवगु खः।
बाखँ
मू पात्र
संकिपा देकिपिं
निर्देशक :
निर्माता :
सिरपा
स्वया दिसँ
तेलेगु संकिपातेगु धलः
पिनेयागु स्वापू
तेलेगु विकिपिडिया
तेलुगु संकिपा | 7,054 |
https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face%20the%20Heat | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Face the Heat | https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Face the Heat&action=history | Bulgarian | Spoken | 4,265 | 10,343 | Face the Heat е дванадесетият студиен албум на германската рок група „Скорпиънс“, издаден на 21 септември 1993 г. от „Мъркюри Рекърдс“ в Съединените американски щати и „Фонограм Рекърдс“ за Европа. Успоредно с търговския успех, който постигат благодарение на албума Crazy World от 1990 г. и сингълът Wind of Change, групата преминава през сериозен вътрешен срив, което води до напускането на басиста Франсис Буххолц. Една от причините за раздялата с него, са и финасови злоупотреби от страна на басиста. След сключено споразумение с останалите музиканти, Франсис Буххолц напуска „Скорпиънс“ в средата на 1992 г., а на негово място в края на същата година е привлечен германецът Ралф Рикерман.
След като напрежението между музикантите утихва, те се съсредоточават върху бъдещия си албум. Записите са направени за една седмица през февруари 1993 г. във Ванкувър, Канада в собственото студио на продуцента Брус Феърбеърн. Групата записва Face the Heat „по старомодния начин“ аналогово и избира по „по-тежки композиции“ без да възпроизведат звука на предшественика си, което предварително рискува проекта да се окаже провал. По-голямата част от песните са написани от Клаус Майне и Рудолф Шенкер, докато Херман Раребел, третият автор на песни в групата след Taken by Force (1977), не е участва в творческия процес, защото губи интерес към писането след Crazy World.
След издаването си, Face the Heat получава различна критика от специализираната преса; някои медии го смятат за успешен заради избора на по-тежки и агресивни композиции, докато други го определят като напълно разочароващ. В общ консенсус, Face the Heat се разглежда „като последният албум от златната ера на групата“, който постига по-ниски позиции в музикалните класации и значително ниски продажби в сравнение с предшественика си. Въпреки това, през 1994 г. „Скорпиънс“ печелят „Световни музикални награди“ като най-продаваният германски изпълнител за 1993 г., а продажбите на албума се оценяват на повече от 1 800 000 копия.
За популяризирането на Face the Heat, са издадени четири сингъла през 1993 г.: Alien Nation, Woman и Under the Same Sun, които влизат в музикалните класации. No Pain No Gain е издаден през февруари 1994 г. в подкрепа на Германския национален отбор по футбол за Световното първенство по футбол през 1994 г. Всички сингли са придружени и от видеоклипове. През септември 1993 г. започват Face the Heat Tour, което им позволява в началото на европейската част за първи път да свирят в България, след това преминават през Северна Америка, Япония, Сингапур и Латинска Америка. Възходът обаче по това врема на алтернативния рок и грънджа, правят концертните изяви на „Скорпиънс“ ограничени в Северна Америка, където хардрок и хевиметъл групите започват да губят своята популярност.
Описание
През ноември 1990 г. групата издава единадесетия си студиен албум Crazy World, който постига значителен търговски успех и още преди края на 1991 г. е награден с няколко златни, платинени и мултиплатинени сертификати в ралични страни. До февруари 1992 г. продажбите му вече надхвърлят шест милиона копия в света. По същия начин, Wind of Change - един от петте сингъла, издадени за популяризирането на албума, също постига този успех, след като влезе в музикалните класации на 78 страни и до октомври 1991 г. продажбите му са оценени на два и половина милиона копия по целия свят. За да се възползват от тази популярност, две от звукозаписните компании, с които групата работи „Ар Си Ей Рекърдс“ и „И Ем Ай Рекърдс“, издават компилациите Hot & Slow: The Best of the Ballads през 1991 г. и Still Loving You през 1992 г. Последната, съставена предимно от „мощни“ балади, също получава златни и платинени сертификати в различни страни.
Въпреки че „Скорпиънс“ преминават през един от най-успешните си периоди в търговско отношение, личните отношения между отдлените членове на групата преминават в сериозен разрив, който води до напускането на басиста Франсис Буххолц през 1992 г. Дейвид Кребс, бивш мениджър на групата, коментира, че всичко започва през 1983 г. по време на записите на Love at First Sting, след като групата и продуцентът Дитер Диркс решават да се справят без басиста и да го заменят с Джими Бейн, след което работните отношения между Дитер и Франсис се променят към по-лошо. През годините разногласията ескалират, което кара групата да прекрати договорите си с Дитер Диркс и Дейвид Кребс през 1988 г. Преди да започнат втората част в Северна Америка през август 1988 г., като част от промоционалното турне на Savage Amusement, „Скорпиънс“ подписват с компанията на Док Макгий.
Франсис Буххолц, освен басист, отговаря и за бизнес делата на групата и е смятан от другите музиканти за неин изпълнителен директор. Той посочва, че колегите му никога не проявяват интерес да се занимават с подобни проблеми, така че не разбират и не ценят работата му. Поради тази причина при смяната на ръководството, което включва нов екип от юристи и счетоводители, басистът усеща, че музикантите нямат представа какво правят, защото смята, че тези хора нямат достатъчно опит. Барабанистът Херман Раребел казва, че вземат това решение, след като откриват нередности в управлението на парите на групата, особено с представителя пред германския данъчен ревизионен орган. Ситуацията ескалира, когато през лятото на 1992 г., разбират, че парите, инвестирани в Лихтенщайн, изчезват. Отговорните за тази банкова сметка са Франсис Буххолц и счетоводителят по това време.
Франсис Буххолц напуска групата, след като постига споразумение с останалите музиканти и въпреки че списание „Билборд“ съобщава новината на 6 юни 1992 г., причината за напускането му не е оповестена публично. Херман Раребел коментира, че случаят е в процес на съдебно разследване повече от петнадесет години, но не е открита вина, нито се знае какво се случва с парите. От гледна точка на Дейвид Кребс: „Мисля, че групата, третирайки Франсис Буххолц по този начин и засрамвайки го пред света (по отношение на ситуацията, която възниква по време на записите на Love at First Sting), го настрои срещу тях. В крайна сметка затова ги прецака с търговския представител.“ За да заемат позицията му, „Скорпиънс“ наемат Ралф Рикерман, басист роден в Германия с опит в класическата музика, който по това време живее в Лос Анджелис. Новината е публикувана от „Билборд“ на 19 декември 1992 г.
Записване
Групата планира да си вземе почивка след приключване на турнето Crazy World Tour през декември 1991 г., но се налага да променят това поради аферата с Франсис Буххолц. Според Херман Раребел, те са ангажирани в този проблем около шест месеца и когато напрежението между тях спада, те решават, че е по-разумно да напишат песните за бъдещ албум. В края на 1992 г., шест месеца след началото на творческия процес, групата се среща в домашното студио на китариста Рудолф Шенкер, за да започне предпродукция. Брус Феърбеърн, който е първият продуцент, когото искат за Crazy World, решава да продуцира албума заедно с групата. Херман Раребел казва, че канадецът продължава да проявява интерес да работи с тях, но поради различия в график си, това не се случва. След финализирането на сътрудничеството, групата изпраща на Брус Феърбеърн около 30 песни, които са написани за него, за да избере най-интересните, от които той избира 14.
През февруари 1993 г. групата пътува до Ванкувър, за да запише албума заедно с Брус Феърбеърн. Първоначалният консенсус е, че те искат да „го направят по старомодния начин“, с много отношение и да не повтарят същата формула, която довежда до Wind of Change. Поради тази причина продуцентът предлага всяка песен да бъде изсвирена три пъти и ако на третия път не успеят, тя да бъде премахната. Това помога да се определи звуковото качество на записа; групата иска да звучи „по-тежко, по-грубо и по-грубо“ и да намали дублажа възможно най-много. Предварително те избират класически начин на записване, тоест аналогов, вместо цифров. Според Рудолф Шенкер този метод работи правилно само на винилова плоча. По това време обаче, винилът губи позиции пред компактдиска и звукозаписната компания избира да издаде албума предимно в последния формат. Когато правят това, те трябва да конвертират аналоговия запис в цифров, където качеството на звука се губи, според Рудолф Шенкер, така че те не са доволни от резултата, представен на компактдиска. Китаристът иронизира избора: „Няма много хора, които искат да ядат гурме храна. Те предпочитат бързо хранене.“
Записът отнема една седмица и само някои малки аспекти, свързани с гласа и китарите, трябва да бъдат коригирани по-късно. След като записите са готови, смесването е направено от Ервин Муспер в Хилверсум, Нидерландия, докато обработката е направено от Джордж Марино в Ню Йорк. Face the Heat е първият албум на „Скорпиънс“, записан с басиста Ралф Рикерман и последният с барабаниста Херман Раребел.
Композиране
Идеята „да се направи по старомодния начин“ също се вижда и в композирането, по-голямата част от песните са написани от Рудолф Шенкер и Клаус Майне. Херман Раребел, който след Taken by Force (1977) е третият композитор на групата, не участва в творческия процес, защото губи интерес към писането след Crazy World. Клаус Майне, като главен текстописец, не иска да си сътрудничи втори път с Джим Валанс, който в предишния албум помага за композирането на 7 от 11 песни. По време на създаването на песните, в средата на 1992 г., Рудолф Шенкер коментира, че са наясно, че музикалната парадигма отново се променя и сега алтернативните рок групи (особено тези в грънджа) привличат вниманието на пазара с текстове, които са по-реалистични и отразяват случващото се в света. Поради тази причина китаристът смята за абсурдно връщането към клишетата, разпространени през 80-те години на 20-и век. Освен това той отбеляза: „Много хора ще приемат, че ще тръгнем по безопасния път на рекламата, с една страхотна балада (в алюзия с Crazy World и Wind of Change). Бяхме като „не, по дяволите!“ „Ние сме рок група и ще ги ударим в лицето.“ Херман Раребел обяснява, че знаят предварително, че правенето на „по-тежък“ и по-малко комерсиален албум, означава постигане на по-ниски продажби в сравнение с Crazy World и дори рискуват да бъде „провал“.
Албумът започва с Alien Nation, хевиметъл песен, „обречена, злонамерена и бавна“ според критика Мартин Попоф. По време на записа ѝ Ралф Рикерман коментира пред музикантите, че барабаните нямат правилен груув, особено в частта, където малкият барабан трябва да прави военен ритъм. След като Брус Феърбеърн преглежда песента, той предлага да запишат отново барабаните с помощта на компютърна програма. Поради тази причина Ралф Рикерман казва, че Alien Nation е единствената песен в албума, в която Херман Раребел не свири на акустични барабани, а това е първият знак, че той вече не иска да остане в групата. No Pain No Gain следва „същото тупване“ на предишната песен, въпреки че в нея „Феърбеър добавя допълнителна нотка на продукция в стиховете“. Според Мартин Попоф „продукцията е брилянтна и силна, особено на барабаните“ и определя Someone to Touch като „нормален и парти рок“. Under the Same Sun е „мощна балада“, написана съвместно от Клаус Майне, Брус Феърбеърн и американският композитор Марк Хъдсън. Според Херман Раребел те се запознават с него чрез продуцента, но за да работят с него трябва да пътуват до Лос Анджелис за един ден. Останалите музиканти обаче не смятат песента за достатъчно добра, но продуцентът се намесва и песента остава. Брус Феърбеърн и Марк Хъдсън участват в песента със задни вокали. Освен това Марк Хъдсън също си сътрудничи в песните No Pain No Gain, Someone to Touch и Nightmare Avenue.
Unholly Alliance е хардрок песен, в която групата се занимава с „разочароващо незадоволителен фънк рок“ според Мартин Попоф, докато Лари Флик от списание „Билборд“ отбеляза, че текстовете ѝ, подобно на тези на Ship of Fools, са „политически натоварени изцепки“. Мартин Попоф отбелязва в рецензията си, че Woman „снизходително трябва да бъде мощна балада, но не е“, където групата се занимава с „тежък хардрок/блус“. Клаус Майне казва: „беше малко рисковано за нас, защото е толкова различно от това, което хората са свикнали да получават от „Скорпиънс“. Но не можехме да пропуснем възможността да пробием нови пътища“. Песента е забележителна със своите „различни китарни текстури“ и с аранжимента, изпълнен от клавирния инструменталист Люк Херцог, който звучи като струнна част. Hate to Be Nice и Taxman Woman са две хардрок песни, в които групата „експериментира със звуците на поп метъла от 90-те и 80-те години“. Ship of Fools следва същата концепция като споменатите, но „се възползва от удара на Раребел във връзка с все още брилянтната продуцентска работа на Феърбеърн.“ В една част от песента има някои високи ноти, изсвирени от сопрано изпълнителката Хелън Донат.
Музиката за Nightmare Avenue е написана от китариста Матиас Ябс, докато текстът е от Клаус Майне с Марк Хъдсън и има ускорен ритъм. В песента има някои женски гласове, които са изпълнени от Риан Гитинс. Албумът завършва с „мощната балада“ Lonely Nights, „типично мрачно произведение с класически текст на Майне и класическа музикална структура на Шенкер“.
Издаване
Face the Heat е издаден на 21 септември 1993 г. чрез „Мъркюри Рекърдс“ в Съединените американски щати и „Фонограм Рекърдс“ за Европа. Това е последният албум на групата, издаден от „Мъркюри Рекърдс“, защото през април 1993 г. „Полиграм“, компанията „майка“ на „Мъркюри“ и „Фонограм“, съобщава, че прехвърлявсички групи от американския лейбъл на европейския, включително „Скорпиънс“. Въпреки че албумът съдържа единадесет песни, японските, европейските и американските версии включват някои бонус песни. В Япония е добавена Kami O Shin Jiru, акустична песен, включваща бас и „мрачната мощна балада за насилие над деца“ Daddy's Girl. В европейското издание и двете песни са включени, но Kami O Shin Jiru е преименувана на Destin, чийто припев е изпят на френски вместо на японски; стиховете и в двете версии са изпълнени на английски. Американското издание представя кавър версия на (Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame на Дел Шенън, която се появява като скрита песен почти минута след като завършва Lonely Nights.
Представяне
Албум
Face the Heat влиза в класациите на няколко страни в Европа и Северна Америка. В Германия той дебютира на 27 септември 1993 г. като №4 и остава в класацията 15 последователни седмици. Последната му поява в класацията, е през седмицата на 10 януари 1994 г. под №71. Във Франция той достига №5 в националната музикална класация и през 1993 г. Националеният синдикат на фонографските издателства го сертифицира като „златен“ за продадени повече от 100 000 копия. До 2018 г. френската компания „Инфодиск“ оценява продажбите на Face the Heat в тази страна на 229 500 единици, без да се отчита стрийминга. В Швейцария той достига №9 на 17 октомври 1993 г. и остава в класацията в продължение на десет седмици. През същата година швейцарският филиал на Международната федерация на фонографската индустрия му присъжда също златен сертификат за надхвърляне на 25 000 продадени копия. По същия начин албумът става „златен“ и в Норвегия, отново за продадени 25 000 копия.
В другите европейски страни, Face the Heat достига №8 във Финландия, №11 в Унгария, №10 в Австрия, №15 в Швеция, №22 в Италия, №34 в Нидерландия и №51 в „Ю Кей Албумс Чарт“ в Обединеното кралство. На 16 октомври 1993 г. той достига №16 в „Топ 100 Албуми“ на общоевропейското списание „Мюзик енд Медия“, благодарение на продажбите си в Германия, Австрия, Белгия, Дания, Финландия, Холандия, Швеция и Швейцария.
В Съединените американски щати Face the Heat достига №24 в „Билборд 200“ и остава в класацията девет седмици. На 9 октомври 1993 г., албумът дебютира под №22 в „Топ 100 Албума“ на списание „Кешбокс“, а това е най-висока позиция, постигната в тази класация. За разлика от предишните им албуми, Face the Heat е първият от повече от десет години, който не е сертифициран от Асоциацията на звукозаписната индустрия в Америка. В Канада изданието достига №34 в „Топ 100 Албума“, докато в Япония достига №29 в японската класация за албуми.
На 25 декември 1993 г. списание „Билборд“ съобщaва, че за десет седмици от излизането му в света са продадени повече от 500 000 копия. Въпреки това „Мюзик енд Медия“ съобщава, че до 6 ноември 1993 г. Face the Heat надхвърля 500 000 продадени бройки само в Европа. До 4 юни 1994 г. продажбите на албума надхвърлят 1 500 000 копия, от които 350 000 са продадени в Германия и 450 000 в Съединените американски щати. Това е и причината, „Скорпиънс“ да спечелят „Световни музикални награди“ като най-продаваният германски изпълнител в света. Според барабаниста Херман Раребел повече от 1 800 000 копия са продадени по целия свят за една година.
Сингли
За популяризиране на албума първоначално са издадени три сингъла за по-малко от година: Alien Nation, Woman и Under the Same Sun. Първият излиза в продажба на 13 август 1993 г. в макси-сингъл формат и включва редактирана версия на Alien Nation, Unholly Alliance и Rubber Fucker. Rubber Fucker, единствената композиция на Херман Раребел е налична само в това издание и „има интересна, донякъде несериозна песен, вклинена между пънк рок, глем метъл и хевиметъл“. Изборът на Alien Nation като основен сингъл поражда съмнения в групата, защото няма достатъчно елементи, за да бъде пуснат по радио станциите, които основно излъчват музиката по това време. Според Херман Раребел, много станции отказват песента с предтекст, че е „тежка“ за да я включат в програмата си, след като чуват първите няколко такта. Въпреки това, сингълът достига №7 във Франция, №8 в Португалия, №10 в „Мейнстрийм Рок Тракс“ в Съединените американски щати и №27 в Германия.
Woman е издадена в определени страни и според уебсайта на „Скорпиънс“ това се случва на 21 септември 1993 г. Тя достига №1 във Франция и №15 в „Мейнстрийм Рок Тракс“ в Съединените американски щати. На 22 ноември същата година, излиза Under the Same Sun, според Херман Раребел в отговор на изключването на Alien Nation от радио станциите. Сингълът е издаден на 12-инчова винилива плоча и компактдиск, като включва и „ударно изпълнената мелодична рок песен“ Partners in Crime, написана от Рудолф Шенкер и Клаус Майне. Under The Same Sun е „мощна балада“, която постига по-голямо разпространение и достига №16 в „Мейнстрийм Рок Тракс“ в Съединените американски щати, №7 във Франция, №31 в Канада и №99 в Германия. Четвъртият сингъл No Pain No Gain, е пуснат в продажба на 7 февруари 1994 г. с цел да подкрепи Германския националеен футболен отбор на Световното първенство по футбол през 1994 г. Издаването на тази песен се дължи на постигнато споразумение между „Полиграм“ и „Ю Ес Голд“ за включване на някои от песните на техните изпълнители във видеоиграта за Световното първенство по футбол през 1994 г.; от „Скорпиънс“ са добавени No Pain No Gain и Under the Same Sun.
Четирите сингъла включват и видеоклипове. Този за Alien Nation е записан в Ню Йорк през юли 1993 г. и е режисиран от Мат Махурин. През август същата година, този за Under the Same Sun е заснет в Националния парк Уайт Сандс в Ню Мексико, САЩ, режисиран от Питър Кристоферсън и излиза на 20 септември. През февруари 1994 г. записват музикалния видеоклип към Woman, който включва Карина Ломбард като вампир и Джон Корбет като „обсадената жертва“. На 30 юли 1994 г., е потвърдено създаването на видеоклипа към No Pain No Gain, който включва монтаж на изображения от концерт на живо на групата, мачове на Германския национален футболен отбор и видео играта World Cup USA '94.
Концертно турне
Концертното турне Face the Heat Tour започва на 14 септември 1993 г. на стадион „Неа Смирни“ в Атина, Гърция. Европейската част се провежда до ноември същата година и е насочена само към страните от континентална Европа, от които се открояват първите им концерти в България, Полша, Румъния и Турция. По време на тези изяви, Дъф Маккаган излиза на сцената като подгряващ изпълнител, който представя дебютния си албум Believe in Me. Датите през 1993 г. приключват на 15 ноември в Каен, Франция.
На 24 януари 1994 г. в Токио, Япония започва втората част от турнето, чиято азиатска част има само четири концерта, включително първото посещение в Сингапур. По-късно, от 19 февруари, те започват първата поредица от концерти в Съединените американски щати, с „Кингс Екс“ като откриваща група. След това, между края на март и първите дни на април, те правят първото си турне в Латинска Америка с общо 8 концерта в 5 държави, преди да се върнат в Северна Америка през юни. В този последен етап те имат „Пуур“ като подгряващ изпълнител и излизат на сцените в театри, амфитеатри и конгресни центрове в няколко града в Съединените американски щати и три в Канада. След повече от 20 концерта, турнето завършва на 20 юли 1994 г. в Сънрайз, Флорида. Според Мартин Попоф турнето Face the Heat е по-ограничено от предишните, особено във втората серия в Съединените американски щати (юни-юли 1994 г.), поради ниската популярност на хардрок и хевиметъл групите по това време на този пазар. Част от записите на живо по време на турнето са включени в концертния албум от 1995 г. Live Bites.
Коментари на критиците
Face the Heat получава смесени отзиви от специализираната преса при издаването си, както и по-късно в други различни съвременни оценки. Списание „Билборд“ го нарече един от акцентите на седмицата от 2 октомври 1993 г., коментирайки: „Тук няма изненади, само безмилостна рокендрол енергия.“ Също така за първия сингъл, Alien Nation, списанието отбелязва: „Останалата част от пакета е толкова последователна, че почти всяка песен ще бъде последваща, включително баладите Under the Same Sun, Woman и Lonely Nights, които са подготвени за тежка ротация в поп радио и видео издания.“ „(...) групата хвърля поглед през рамо, спомняйки си, очевидно, откъде идва“ и се връща „към по-буйните корени на „Скорпиънс““ и „за щастие оставяйки зад себе си лака и гладкостта на последните записи“. Той отбелязва работата на продуцента Брус Феърбеърн и песните Alien Nation, Under the Same Sun и Unholly Alliance, защото те „са напомняния за това какво мощна музикална група, която „Скорпиънс“ могат да бъдат“. Европейското списание „Мюзик енд Медия“ отбелязва, че албумът е „също толкова силен и закачлив както винаги“ и „Никой не знае как го правят, но тези германците все пак успяват да запазят върховата си позиция в рокендрола след повече от 20 години.“ В публикацията се и препоръчва без колебание пускането на всичките 13 песни от Face the Heat.
Бари Вебер от сайта „Олмюзик“ го намира за „доста незадоволителен“, тъй като вместо „фокусиране върху мелодични мелодии“, те се фокусират върху „шумен метъл и разбиващи стъклото писъци, а не върху обичайните класически и емоционални звуци, които „Скорпиънс“ са поставили в предишните си албуми.“ Едуардо Ривадавия, в своя списък с албуми на групата, подредени от най-лошия до най-добрия за „Ултимейт Класик Рок“, поставя Face the Heat 13-то място. В рецензията си той го нарича „безупречен“, „донякъде подценен“ и че „се изгуби сред комерсиалните разсейвания на алтернативния рок“. В подобна рецензия, Малкълм Доум от „Класик Рок“ го класира на 15-то място и оценява, че групата търси съвременните тенденции, за да се впише в случващото се, но за разлика от предишните им албуми, „този е наистина завладяващ“. В допълнение, той отличава Брус Феърбеърн за това, че „извежда по-ярката страна на групата, без да се отървава от ударите с чук, които те могат да нанесат“ към песните Alien Nation и Under the Same Sun, защото те „имаха класа и дълбочина“.
Сюзан М. Бургуан в книгата си „Съвременни музиканти: том 12“ коментира, че „Face the Heat изстреля групата в друг етап на музикално разнообразие.“ Сайтът „Поп Мастърс“, в преглед на компилацията Bad for Good: The Very Best of Scorpions, отбелязва, че „Face the Heat, подобно на Savage Amusement, беше голям сред публиката на албумно-ориентирания рок, но не и с някой друг.“ Критикът Мартин Попоф посочва, че този албум слага край на „златната ера на групата“ и виновните може да са няколко. Сред тях той подчертават входа към „смущаващата зона“ на „писането на песни, които не е необходимо да бъдат написани“; „краят на класическата формация“ след напускането на Буххолц през 1992 г.; нулевият интерес към писане от Раребел или участието на Феърбеърн, който се намесва твърде много в корпоративни проблеми, като например включване на външни композитори (Марк Хъдсън) - „целувката на смъртта за доверието в групата, въпреки търговския успех“.
Списък на песните
Основно издание
Alien Nation (Рудолф Шенкер, Клаус Майне) - 5:44
No Pain No Gain (Рудолф Шенкер, Клаус Майне, Марк Хъдсън) - 3:55
Someone to Touch (Рудолф Шенкер, Клаус Майне, Марк Хъдсън) - 4:28
Under the Same Sun (Марк Хъдсън, Клаус Майне, Брус Феърбеърн) - 4:52
Unholy Alliance (Рудолф Шенкер, Клаус Майне) - 5:16
Woman (Рудолф Шенкер, Клаус Майне) - 5:56
Hate to Be Nice (Рудолф Шенкер, Клаус Майне) - 3:33
Taxman Woman (Рудолф Шенкер, Клаус Майне) - 4:30
Ship of Fools (Рудолф Шенкер, Клаус Майне) - 4:15
Nightmare Avenue (Матиас Ябс, Клаус Майне, Марк Хъдсън) - 3:54
Lonely Nights (Рудолф Шенкер, Клаус Майне) - 4:44
Бонус песни в японското издание
Kami O Shin Juru (Рудолф Шенкер, Клаус Майне) - 3:50
Daddy's Girl (Рудолф Шенкер, Клаус Майне) - 4:17
Бонус песни в европейското издание
Destin (Рудолф Шенкер, Клаус Майне) - 3:17
Daddy's Girl (Рудолф Шенкер, Клаус Майне) - 4:17
Бонус песни в американското издание
(Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame (Док Помус, Морт Шуман) - 2:21
Състав
Музиканти
Клаус Майне - вокали и задни вокали
Рудолф Шенкер - ритъм и тежки китари, акустични китари, задни вокали
Матиас Ябс - ритъм и тежки китари, акустични китари, плъзгащи китари, джаз китари
Ралф Рикерман - бас
Херман Раребел - барабани и ударни
Гост музиканти
Джон Уебстър - клавиши
Лук Херцог - допълнителни клавиши на Woman и Lonely Nights
Брус Феърбеърн - аранжимент на всички песни и задни вокали на Under the Same Sun
Пол Лейн - задни вокали на всички песни
Марк ЛоуФранс - задни вокали на всички песни
Марк Хъдсън - задни вокали на Under the Same Sun
Холен Донат - оперни вокали на Ship of Fools
Риян Гитинс - женски вокали на Nightmare Avenue
Източник на информацията: Задната обложка на Face the Heat.
Продукция
Брус Феърбеърн и „Скорпиънс“ - продукция
Майк Плотников и Ервин Муспер - звуково инженерство
Джордж Марино - смесване
Майкъл Бейс - графичен директор
„А3“ - дизайн на обложката
Док Макгий - управление
Ванел Хич и Ричард Евънс - фотография
„Дейвс енд Стар“ - индивидуални снимки
Джо Гирон - дизайн на задната обложката
Позиция в класациите
Седмични класации албум
Позиция в края на годината
Седмични класации сингли
Сертификати
Цитати
Източници
Албуми на „Скорпиънс“
Музикални албуми от 1993 година | 3,214 |
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%94 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Шаньє | https://uk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Шаньє&action=history | Ukrainian | Spoken | 93 | 329 | Шаньє́ () — муніципалітет у Франції, у регіоні Нова Аквітанія, департамент Приморська Шаранта. Населення — осіб (2011).
Муніципалітет розташований на відстані близько 420 км на південний захід від Парижа, 120 км на південний захід від Пуатьє, 70 км на південний схід від Ла-Рошель.
Демографія
Розподіл населення за віком та статтю (2006):
Економіка
У 2010 році в муніципалітеті числилось 1536 оподаткованих домогосподарств, у яких проживали 3613,0 особи, медіана доходів виносила євро на одного особоспоживача
Сусідні муніципалітети
Галерея зображень
Посилання
Мерія муніципалітету Шаньє
Див. також
Список муніципалітетів департаменту Приморська Шаранта
Примітки
Муніципалітети департаменту Приморська Шаранта | 27,860 |
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio%20Castela | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | António Castela | https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=António Castela&action=history | French | Spoken | 220 | 393 | António Castela, de son nom complet António Augusto Carvalho Castela est un footballeur portugais né le à Cascais. Il évoluait au poste de milieu.
Biographie
En club
António Castela évolue au Portugal durant toute sa carrière dans les clubs du CF Belenenses et de l'Académica de Coimbra.
Avec Belenenses, il est finaliste de la Coupe du Portugal en 1948.
Il remporte la seconde division portugaise en 1949 avec l'Académica.
Il dispute 122 matchs pour 19 buts marqués en première division portugaise durant 6 saisons.
En équipe nationale
International portugais, il reçoit quatre sélections en équipe du Portugal entre 1952 et 1954, pour aucun but marqué.
Son premier match est disputé le en amical contre l'Autriche (match nul 1-1 à Porto).
Il dispute un match amical le contre la Argentine (défaite 1-3 à Oeiras).
Il joue ensuite le dans le cadre des qualifications pour la Coupe du monde 1954 contre l'Autriche (défaite 1-9 à Vienne).
Son dernier match est disputé le en amical contre la Belgique (match nul 0-0 à Bruxelles).
Palmarès
Avec le CF Belenenses :
Finaliste de la Coupe du Portugal en 1948
Avec l'Académica de Coimbra :
Vainqueur de la seconde division portugaise en 1949
Références
Liens externes
Footballeur international portugais
Joueur du CF Belenenses
Joueur de l'Associação Académica de Coimbra
Naissance en octobre 1928
Naissance à Cascais | 20,601 |
https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/18321%20Bobrov | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 18321 Bobrov | https://yo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=18321 Bobrov&action=history | Yoruba | Spoken | 10 | 56 | jẹ́ plánẹ́tì kékeré ní ibi ìgbàjá ástẹ́rọ́ìdì.
Itokasi
Àwọn ástẹ́rọ́ìdì | 41,862 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17196376 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,013 | Stack Exchange | David Thomas, https://stackoverflow.com/users/82548 | English | Spoken | 343 | 800 | Javascript building objects from string
So in working with the google map api examples I am attempting to build a list of objects from a string. My java script is a little week here but the first chuck of code is the loop where I am creating the objects, I think.
The Locations parts is what it should look like in the end. If I use the locations with the objects the function works. But if i replace it with the loop objects it fails.
var myStr = "bob|44.654990|-88.129186|7:20 PM,karen|44.469493|-88.087746|8:19 PM";
var splitLocations = myStr.split(",");
var daLocs = [];
for(var z=0;z<splitLocations.length;z++){
var breakdown = splitLocations[z].split("|");
daLocs += '[' + breakdown[0] + ',' + breakdown[1] + ',' + breakdown[2] + ',' + z + '],';
}
var locations = [
['bob', 44.654990, -88.129186, 5],
['karen', 44.469493, -88.087746, 4]
]
Where do the 5 and the 4 come from in that string?
You need to push an array into daLocs;
var myStr = "bob|44.654990|-88.129186|7:20 PM,karen|44.469493|-88.087746|8:19 PM";
var splitLocations = myStr.split(",");
var daLocs = [];
for(var z=0;z<splitLocations.length;z++){
var breakdown = splitLocations[z].split("|");
//daLocs += '[' + breakdown[0] + ',' + breakdown[1] + ',' + breakdown[2] + ',' + z + '],';
daLocs.push([breakdown[0], breakdown[1], breakdown[2], z]);
}
For
daLocs[1][2] === "-88.087746"
(and z === 0 to splitLocations.length)
Without the magical 5 and 4 (since I can't fathom from whence they come), I'd suggest doing it this way:
var myStr = "bob|44.654990|-88.129186|7:20 PM,karen|44.469493|-88.087746|8:19 PM",
parts = myStr.split(','),
locations = [];
for (var i = 0, len = parts.length; i<len; i++){
locations.push(parts[i].split('|'));
}
console.log(locations);
JS Fiddle demo.
References:
Array.push().
String.split().
You don't use += to add to an array. You can change it to:
array.push(item);
Also, it seems like your expected result contains actual strings and numbers. In your loop, not only are you not using parseInt/parseDouble, but you're just appending the 4 values as a string, seperated by commas. I'm guessing instead you wanted individual arrays inside the locations array. So, take this example. The first "[" in this code is creating a new array:
daLocs.push([breakdown[0], parseDouble(breakdown[1]), ...TODO... ])
| 29,192 |
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa%20noble | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Casa noble | https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Casa noble&action=history | Catalan | Spoken | 228 | 412 | Casa noble, casa nobiliària o casa de noblesa és el nom amb què es designa corporativament als nobles de la mateixa família, i el que reben els llinatges o dinasties nobiliàries, de manera semblant a com es designa a les cases reials .
A la societat preindustrial, la casa és l'element referencial d'una família, no necessàriament noble. La casa pairal és la que es considera l'origen d'una família noble. És un tret de distinció ser d'una família de solar conegut. En l'estimació social era important la diferència existent entre els que eren nobles o gentilhomes per casa o per sang (als quals la noblesa els havia arribat per herència, particularment per la via del majorat) i els ennoblits, la noblesa era recent; així com la que existia entre la noblesa d'espasa (del francès noblesse d'épée) i la noblesa de toga (de el francès noblesse de robi).
Casa de Noblesa als països nòrdics
Amb el nom de Ritterhaus o Riddarhuset (casa de noblesa en alemany o suec) es va establir una institució representativa de l'estament nobiliari a Finlàndia en 1626. Hi va haver una institució similar a Suècia, amb el mateix nom. Les institucions semblants en altres països d'Europa Occidental van ser la Casa dels Lords a Anglaterra, el braç nobiliari de les Corts en els regnes hispànics, o els Estats Generals en el regne de França.
Referències
Noblesa | 41,508 |
https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%20%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್ | https://tcy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್&action=history | Tulu | Spoken | 325 | 2,346 | ಚಂದ್ರೆ ತನ್ನ್ ಕಕ್ಷೆಡ್ ಸುತ್ತು ಬನ್ನಗ ಕೆಲವೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಭೂಮಿದ ಭಾರಿ ಮುಟ್ಟಡೆ ಸುತ್ತು ಬರ್ಪೆ. ಅಪಗ ಚಂದ್ರೆ ಭಾರಿ ಮಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ತೊಜುವೆ ಚಂದ್ರನ ಬೊಲ್ಪುಲ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು.ಪ್ರತಿ ಪುಣ್ಣಮೆದ ಚಂದ್ರನ ಗಾತ್ರೋಡ್ದ್ ೧೪ ಪಾಲ್ ಮಲ್ಲೆ ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು.ಅಂಚನೆ ಬೊಲ್ಪುಲ ೩೦ ಪಾಲ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು.ಇಂಚಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಘಟನೆ ೨೦೧೬ ನವೆಂಬರ್ ೧೪ಕ್ಕ್ ಸೋಮವಾರ ರಾತ್ರೆ ನಡತುದುಂಡು ಉಂದೆನ್ ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್ ಪಂದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.ವರ್ಷೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಸರ್ತಿ ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು .ಆಂಡಾ ೭೦ ವರ್ಷದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬತ್ತಿನ ನವೆಂಬರ್ ೧೪ತ ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್ ಭಾರಿ ವಿಶೇಷ.
ವಿಸೇಸೊ ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್
೧೯೪೮ ಚಂದ್ರೆ ಭೂಮಿದ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಮುಟ್ಟ್ ಬತ್ತ್ ದ್ ಭಾರಿ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್ ತೊಜಿದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ .ಅವೆರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೦೧೬ ನವೆಂಬರ್ ೧೪ ಸೋಮವಾರ ರಾತ್ರೆ ತೊಜಿದುಂಡು.ನನ ಇಂಚಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಘಟನೆ ತೂಯೆರೆ ೨೦೩೪ ಇಸವಿ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಕಾಪೊಡು.ನೆರ್ದ್ ದುಂಬುಲ ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್ ತೊಜಿದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡಲ ಈತ್ ಮಲ್ಲೆ ಈತ್ ಬೊಲ್ಪು ಈತ್ ಪೊರ್ಲು ಇಪ್ಪುರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಇಜ್ಜಿ.
ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಚಂದ್ರಗ್ರಹಣ
೧೫೦ ಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೦೧೮ ಜನವರಿ ೩೧ಕ್ಕ್ ಆಕಾಶೊಡು ನಡತಿನ ವಿಶೇಷ ಘಟನೆ ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಚಂದ್ರಗ್ರಹಣ.ಚಂದ್ರನ ಮೂಜಿ ಮೋನೆಲಾದಿತ್ತಿನ ದೈತ್ಯ ಚಂದ್ರೆ ,ನೀಲಿ ಚಂದ್ರೆ, ತಾಮ್ರ(ರಕ್ತ)ಚಂದ್ರೆನ್ ತೂಪಿನ ಭಾಗ್ಯ.ಪುಣ್ಣಮೆದಾನಿ ಚಂದ್ರೆ ಮಲ್ಲ ತೋಜುನ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಸಂಗತಿ.ಆಂಡ್ ಚಂದ್ರೆ ಭೂಮಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಪುಣ್ಣಮೆದ ಚಂದ್ರಡ್ದ್ ೭% ಮಲ್ಲ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೫% ಬೊಲ್ಪು ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಅಯಿಕ್ ದೈತ್ಯ ಚಂದ್ರೆ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.ಒಂಜಿ ತಿಂಗೊಳುಡು ರಡ್ಡ್ ಪುಣ್ಣಮೆ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಅಯಿನ್ ನೀಲಿ ಚಂದ್ರೆ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.ಭೂಮಿದ ವಾತಾವರಣ(ನೆರಳು)ದ ಪ್ರಭಾವ ಚಂದ್ರನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಬೂರ್ನಗ ಚಂದ್ರೆ ತಾಮ್ರ(ಕೆಂಪು)ದ ಬಣ್ಣೊಡು ತೋಜುಂಡು ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಾಮ್ರ ಚಂದ್ರೆ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ರಕ್ತ ಚಂದ್ರೆ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.
ಭೂಮಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಚಂದ್ರನ ದೂರೊ
ಸೌರಮಂಡಲೊನು ಗಮನಿತೊಂದು ಪ್ರತೀ ತಿಂಗೊಲುಡು ಚಂದ್ರ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಭೂಮಿದ ನಡುತ ದೂರೊ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿಕಮ್ಮಿ ೩೫೭,೦೦೦ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ೪೦೬,೦೦೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್.(೨೨೨,೦೦೦ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ೨೫೨,೦೦೦ ಮೈಲ್), ,
ಪೂರ್ಣ ಚಂದ್ರೆ ಮಾಮೂಲಿ ಚಂದ್ರನ ಗಾತ್ರೊಡ್ದು ೧೪% ಮಲ್ಲೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ೩೦% ಪ್ರಕಾಶೊಡುಪ್ಪುವೆ.
ಚಂದ್ರೆ ಒಂಜೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಭೂಮಿರ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ದೂರ ಪಂಡ ೪೦೬೦೦೦ ಕಿ.ಮೀ ದೂರೊಡು ಉಪ್ಪುವೆ. ಆಂಡಾ ೨೦೧೩ ಜನವರಿ ೨೩ಕ್ಕ್ ೩೫೬೯೯೧ ಕಿ ಮೀ ,೨೦೧೪ ಅಗೋಸ್ತ್ ೧೦ಕ್ಕ್ ೩೫೬೮೯೬ ಕಿ ಮೀ ಅಂಚನೆ೨೦೧೫ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೮ಕ್ಕ್ ೩೫೬೮೭೭ ಕಿ.ಮೀ ಮುಟ್ಟಡ್ ಚಂದ್ರೆ ತೋಜುವೆ.ಈ ಮಾತ ದಿನೊಕುಲೆರ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಮುಟ್ಟಡ್ ೨೦೧೬ ನವೆಂಬರ್೧೪ಕ್ಕ್ ೩೫೬೫೦೯ ಕಿ ಮೀ ಮುಟ್ಟಡ್ ಚಂದ್ರೆ ತೋಜುವೆ.ಈ ವಿಷೇಶ ದಿನ ೭೦ ವರ್ಷ ಕರಿಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೈದ್ಂಡ್ .ನನ೨೦೩೪ಕ್ಕ್ ಈ ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್ ವಿಶೇಷ ದಿನ ಬರಿಯೆರೆ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿಲೆನ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ.
ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್ ಪದೊ ಪುಟ್ಟ್ನೆ
ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್ /SuperMoon ಇಂದೆನ್ ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ನೊಲ್ಲೆ ಪುದರ್ದಾಯೆ ಭವಿಸ್ವೊ ಪನ್ಪುನಾಯೆ ೧೯೭೯ ಪಂಡೆ., ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ನೊಲ್ಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರೊ, ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕ ಒತ್ತಡೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡು ಈ ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್ ಆಪುನು.
ಪರಿಣಾಮೊ
ಸೂಪರ್ ಮೂನ್ ಉಂಡಾಪಿನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರ ಮೃಗ ಪಕ್ಕಿ ಅಂಚನೆ ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ ಜೀವನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಲ ಹಾಳ್ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಆಪುಜಿ.ಆಂಡಾ ಸಮುದ್ರದ ಉಬ್ಬರ ಇಳಿತ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಪುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು.ಚಂದ್ರನ ಬೊಲ್ಪು ಭೂಮಿದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು.
ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ
ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ | 28,924 |
https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%20%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%20%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%8C%20%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | رد فتر لیکس، کولورادو | https://azb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=رد فتر لیکس، کولورادو&action=history | South Azerbaijani | Spoken | 57 | 278 | رد فتر لیکس، کولورادو (اینگیلیسجه:Red Feather Lakes, Colorado ) آمریکا اؤلکهسینده بیر یاشاییش منطقهسیدیر. سوْن نۆفوس ساییمی اساسيندا ۵۲۵ نفر ایمیش و ۹۶٫۴ کیلومتر موربّع ساحهسی وار دنیز سوُلاری سَویهسیندن ۲۴۰۵ متر یۇکسکلیکده یئر آلیب و کولورادو ایالتینده یئرلشیب.
قایناقلار
اینگیلیسجه ویکیپدیاسینین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«Red Feather Lakes, Colorado»، مقالهسیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۸ آقوست ۲۰۱۸ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر).
آمریکا شهرلری | 30,005 |
https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | نیان تون | https://azb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=نیان تون&action=history | South Azerbaijani | Spoken | 23 | 109 | نیان تون ()، (دوغوم: ۱۲ ژانویه ۱۹۵۴) بیر میانمارلی نیظامی و سیاستچیدیر.
قایناقلار
۱۹۵۴-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولانلار
میانمارلی نیظامیلر
یاشایان اینسانلار
میانمارلی سیاستچیلر | 35,331 |
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scabiosa%20zuikoensis | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Scabiosa zuikoensis | https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scabiosa zuikoensis&action=history | Swedish | Spoken | 31 | 72 | Scabiosa zuikoensis är en tvåhjärtbladig växtart som beskrevs av Takenoshin Nakai. Scabiosa zuikoensis ingår i släktet fältväddar, och familjen Dipsacaceae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Källor
Fältväddar
zuikoensis | 21,272 |
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hechi | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Hechi | https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hechi&action=history | French | Spoken | 190 | 480 | Hechi (河池 ; pinyin : Héchí) est une ville du nord de la région autonome du Guangxi en Chine. La population de sa juridiction était d'environ 3,83 millions d'habitants en 2004.
Subdivisions administratives
La ville-préfecture de Hechi exerce sa juridiction sur onze subdivisions - un district, une ville-district, quatre xian et cinq xian autonomes :
le district de Jinchengjiang - 金城江区 Jīnchéngjiāng Qū ;
la ville de Yizhou - 宜州市 Yízhōu Shì ;
le xian de Tian'e - 天峨县 Tiān'é Xiàn ;
le xian de Fengshan - 凤山县 Fèngshān Xiàn ;
le xian de Nandan - 南丹县 Nándān Xiàn ;
le xian de Donglan - 东兰县 Dōnglán Xiàn ;
le xian autonome yao de Du'an - 都安瑶族自治县 Dū'ān yáozú Zìzhìxiàn ;
le xian autonome mulao de Luocheng - 罗城仫佬族自治县 Luóchéng mùlǎozú Zìzhìxiàn ;
le xian autonome yao de Bama - 巴马瑶族自治县 Bāmǎ yáozú Zìzhìxiàn ;
le xian autonome maonan de Huanjiang - 环江毛南族自治县 Huánjiāng máonánzú Zìzhìxiàn ;
le xian autonome yao de Dahua - 大化瑶族自治县 Dàhuà yáozú Zìzhìxiàn.
Notes et références
Lien externe
Site gouvernemental
Ville dans la région autonome du Guangxi
Subdivision administrative dans la région autonome du Guangxi | 50,469 |
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%B9%8C%EC%95%84%EB%A8%B8 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 모빌아머 | https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=모빌아머&action=history | Korean | Spoken | 133 | 698 | 모빌아머(, )는 TV 애니메이션 《기동전사 건담》을 초대작으로 하는 《건담 시리즈》에 등장하는 가공의 병기이다.
각 작품 시리즈의 모빌아머
《기동전사 건담》 시리즈 (우주세기)
해설
모빌아머(MOBILE All Range Maneuverability Offence Utility Reinforcement, 전 영역 범용 지원 화기)의 시초는 지온 공국군이 배치한 비그로의 원형기 "MIP-X1"으로 거슬러 올라간다. MIP사가 개발한 MIP-X1은 지오닉사가 개발한 모빌슈트(MS)의 시초인 클럽맨(ZI-XA3, MS-01)과의 경쟁에서 패배해 주력 무기로서의 지위를 얻지 못했다. 그러나 MIP-X1은 AMBAC의 우주 공간에서의 성능이 매우 높았기 때문에, AMBAC 시스템을 이용한 강력한 기동병기인 모빌아머(MA)로 개발되는 단계에 이르렀다. 모빌슈트(MS)는 범용 병기로는 제 성능을 발휘했지만, 그 때문에 국지전에 대비하지 못하는 사태도 발생했다. 모빌아머(MA)는 그 해결책이 되는 공격력을 중시한 이동 지원 화기로 기능해, 일년전쟁시의 일반적인 모빌슈트(MS)에 탑재할 만큼의 소형이 아니었던 사이코뮤를 실전기에 투입하는 것도 가능했다.
철혈의 오펀스 2기 화성의 왕 모빌아머 하슈말,
유니콘 건담 모빌아머 네오 지옹,
라플레시아,등이 있다.
각주
건담 시리즈의 무기
건담 시리즈의 기동병기 | 6,041 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55656648 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,019 | Stack Exchange | G5W, Janus, Parfait, Tyler Peckenpaugh PhD, akrun, https://stackoverflow.com/users/11352013, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1422451, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3732271, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4159646, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4752675 | English | Spoken | 473 | 978 | Unable to calculate mean using aggregate for table, result comes out as N/A
Currently using R to calculate the mean and standard deviation for each combination of Sex and Genotype in a given table:
id Sex Genotype Activity
1 male ff 1.884
2 male ff 2.283
3 male fs 2.396
4 female ff 2.838
5 male fs 2.956
6 female ff 4.216
7 female ss 3.620
I made a table called tabled using the function
tabled <- table(data$Sex, data$Genotype)
When I try calculating the mean I try the following function:
aggregate(data$Sex ~ data$Genotype, by=list(data$Genotype), FUN=mean)
The output I get is
Group.1 data$Sex
<fctr> <dbl>
ff NA
fs NA
ss NA
3 rows
What am I doing wrong?
Thanks!
aggregate(Activity ~., data[-1], FUN=mean)
You conflate two styles of aggregate. The formula version includes the by grouping. Choose one and not the other.
What is the mean of 4 males and 3 females?
We can use the formula method. Here, we subset the columns of interest by removing the first column (data[-1]), specify the column to be summarised on the lhs of ~ ('Activity) and complete the formula with.` (which signifies for all the other columns)
aggregate(Activity ~., data[-1], FUN=mean)
# Sex Genotype Activity
#1 female ff 3.5270
#2 male ff 2.0835
#3 male fs 2.6760
#4 female ss 3.6200
In the OP's code, it is mixing up the formula method with data.frame method.
I was considering removing the first ID role, I appreciate it, this is exactly the answer I was looking for. What exactly does Activity ~. do in this case? Can you explain it?
@Janus when we have n columns, and if one of the column is used for taking the mean, then the remaining are n-1, those n-1 columns are the grouping variables signified by .
alternatively and more explicitly:
aggregate(Activity ~ Sex + Genotype, data=data, FUN=mean)
You're using formula notation as well as a by parameter. I think this is redundant.
You're also not telling aggregate what you want to take the mean of, which is the reason for the error (mean is only applicable to numerical values).
For the formula-style, use akrun's answer. Here's a solution with "by" parameter.
with(data, aggregate(list("Activity"=Activity), by=list("Genotype"=Genotype, "Sex"=Sex), FUN=mean))
Be sure to also send named lists for better column headers than Group.# and x: with(data, aggregate(list(Activity=Activity), by=list(Genotype=Genotype, Sex=Sex), FUN=mean))
You can do something like this using data.table package -
> library(data.table)
> setDT(dt)[,mean:=mean(Activity),by=.(Sex,Genotype)]
> dt
id Sex Genotype Activity mean
1: 1 male ff 1.884 2.0835
2: 2 male ff 2.283 2.0835
3: 3 male fs 2.396 2.6760
4: 4 female ff 2.838 3.5270
5: 5 male fs 2.956 2.6760
6: 6 female ff 4.216 3.5270
7: 7 female ss 3.620 3.6200
OR
> setDT(dt)[,mean(Activity),by=.(Sex,Genotype)]
Sex Genotype V1
1: male ff 2.0835
2: male fs 2.6760
3: female ff 3.5270
4: female ss 3.6200
| 16,921 |
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimbach | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Wimbach | https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wimbach&action=history | Portuguese | Spoken | 40 | 98 | Wimbach é um município da Alemanha localizada no distrito de Ahrweiler, no estado da Renânia-Palatinado.
É membro da associação municipal de Adenau.
Demografia
Evolução da população (em 31 de dezembro de cada ano):
Fonte: Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz
Municípios da Renânia-Palatinado | 18,698 |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%E5%B9%B4%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%B8%E6%89%8B%E6%A8%A9 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 1995年のスーパーバイク世界選手権 | https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1995年のスーパーバイク世界選手権&action=history | Japanese | Spoken | 11 | 263 | 1995年のスーパーバイク世界選手権（1995ねんのスーパーバイクせかいせんしゅけん）は、スーパーバイク世界選手権の8回目のシーズン。
5月7日のホッケンハイムリンクで開幕し、10月29日のフィリップ・アイランドまで全12戦でタイトルが争われた。
カール・フォガティが13勝を挙げタイトルを獲得、マニファクチャラーズタイトルはドゥカティが獲得した。
1995年の開催スケジュールと勝者
レース結果とランキング
ライダー
永井康友は第10戦のアッセンで事故死した。
マニファクチャラー
参照
スーパーバイク世界選手権
すははいくせかいせんしゆけん | 37,614 |
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium%20%28Warhammer%2040.000%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Imperium (Warhammer 40.000) | https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperium (Warhammer 40.000)&action=history | Italian | Spoken | 6,222 | 12,158 | LImperium dell'Umanità è un impero galattico fittizio che contiene la maggior parte della presenza umana dell'universo fantascientifico di Warhammer 40.000.
Storia dell'Imperium
Le Guerre di Unificazione
Le Guerre di Unificazione consistono in numerose guerre combattute alla fine dell'Era dei Conflitti e promosse dall'Imperatore, nel suo tentativo di riunificare le tribù e le nazioni che componevano Terra, allora governate in gran parte da signori della guerra e tiranni tecno-barbarici. Le intenzioni dell'Imperatore erano di riunire i resti dell'umanità sparpagliati nella galassia e creare un Imperium che avrebbe riunito tutta l'umanità.
Preludio
Nel 29° millennio, la Terra era stata inghiottita nel caos e nell'anarchia dell'Era dei Conflitti per diverse migliaia di anni. La Terra era un mosaico di città-stato, signori della guerra tecno-barbarici e vari altri tipi di stati. Tuttavia, poiché Slaanesh era vicino alla sua nascita nell'epicentro dell'Impero Eldar, le tempeste warp che circondavano il mondo natale dell'umanità si ridussero. Compreso che era giunto il momento giusto, un essere noto come l'Imperatore iniziò finalmente le sue campagne atte a riunificare la Terra sotto il suo comando.
Apparendo apertamente per la prima volta, l'Imperatore guidò i suoi Thunder Warriors, super-soldati geneticamente modificati creati in laboratori segreti, in una serie di campagne contro tutti gli altri signori della guerra e i tecno-barbari della Vecchia Terra. Le sue forze includevano non solo i Thunder Warriors, ma anche l’Adeptus Custodes, formazioni che sarebbero state incluse tra i primi membri dell’esercito imperiale, tra cui Geno Five-Two Chiliad e gli ussari Inferallti, e alla fine i prototipi Astartes. Le sue forze hanno utilizzato le armi avanzate del clan dei Terrawatt dopo aver stretto un'alleanza con loro. Così l'Imperatore fece la sua mossa sulle maggiori potenze della Terra.
Sottomissione della Terra
Albia - Poiché gli Albiani rifiutarono di piegarsi davanti all'Imperatore, quest'ultimo decise di "sguinzagliargli" i suoi Thunder Warriors con i loro proto-dreadnought e i blindati. Battaglia dopo battaglia, gli Albiani riuscirono ad arginare l'avanzata delle forze dell'Imperatore, ma solo a costo di incredibili perdite. Ammettendo il temperamento marziale e lo spirito indomabile del suo nemico, l'Imperatore ordinò il cessate il fuoco e cercò una soluzione diplomatica. L'Imperatore apparve davanti ai Signori dei Clan Albiani disarmati e vestiti di bianco e cremisi, parlando della sua visione di un'umanità unificata. Offrì loro la gloria tra le stelle e la redenzione. Lasciando molte persone stupite, i signori della guerra di Albia, vedendo l'Imperatore diverso rispetto ai tiranni del passato, accettarono i termini e presto divennero alcuni dei sostenitori più zelanti dell'unificazione.
Albyon - Il tirannico signore della guerra Uilleam il rosso viene sconfitto dalle forze dell'imperatore e imprigionato nella prigione di Khangba Marwu.
Impero achemenide - Giurò fedeltà all'Imperatore all'inizio della sua guerra; l'Impero achemenide subì poco durante le Guerre di Unificazione, evitando sia l'attacco atomico che l'invasione da parte dei Thunder Warriors.
Atlan - La Ur-regina di questo paese è stata uccisa dagli Adeptus Custodes durante una delle battaglie.
Beozia - Menzionata nei registri imperiali come ostile alla piena unificazione; in realtà approvava tacitamente il dominio dell'Imperatore; la monarchia dominante della Beozia usava qualsiasi tipo di influenza diplomatica per evitare di perdere il potere. Dimostrando grande pazienza e benevolenza, l'Imperatore permise alla famiglia regnante di Beozia - i Yeselti - di continuare così per oltre 150 anni, prevedendo che si sarebbero integrati nella Terra Imperiale di loro stessa volontà e con il massimo della dignità. Invece i Yeselti si aggrapparono alla loro indipendenza fino al punto in cui, in primo luogo, l'esercito imperiale fu costretto ad occupare la provincia e infine, l'invasione tramite i legionari Astartes della Stirpe dei Mille. La Beozia era importante sia per la presenza dell'industria sia e per la presenza di almeno un santuario sepolto dedicato agli dei venerati dagli umani in un'epoca precedente.
Deserto del Caucaso - Il suo sovrano, l'etnarca, fu sconfitto dalle forze dell'imperatore e imprigionato nelle segrete di Khangba Marwu .
Franc - stato assorbito dalle forze dell'Imperatore.
Hy Brasil - Il suo ultimo sovrano indipendente, Dalmoth Kyn, fu uno degli ultimi signori della guerra terrestri a essere sconfitto dall'Imperatore. Dopo la sconfitta, Hy Brasil continuò ad esistere come provincia semi-autonoma all'interno dell'Imperium, e fu governata dai discendenti di Kyn. Tuttavia le azioni di Malcador il Sigillita fecero in modo che i discendenti di Dalmoth, incluso Ferom Sichar, non poterono mai sedersi all'interno del Concilio della Terra.
Merica - Questo importante regno era noto per l'alta moda e le sale da ballo, cadde nelle mani dell'imperatore.
Confederazione Maulland Sen- La Confederazione, che sorgeva nel nord del pianeta terra, che serve involontariamente gli Dei Oscuri impegnandosi in sacrifici umani tramite il cannibalismo, proibì la manipolazione genetica; è stata schiacciata dai guerrieri Thunder nella battaglia di Maulland Sen . Il suo sovrano, il prete-re di Maulland Sen, fu giustiziato personalmente dall'imperatore.
Impero Panpacifico - Il potente impero Panpacifico sotto il suo tiranno Narthan Dume fu sconfitto dalle forze dell'Imperatore. Con una mossa speciale, l'Imperatore fece giustiziare Dume invece di farlo imprigionare.
Ursh - Dominato dal tiranno Kalagann; Ursh impiegò potenti psionici nei suoi eserciti e usò la sua forza per scatenare i poteri oscuri di curvatura sui suoi nemici. Ciò, tuttavia, non lo ebbe a disposizione quando affrontò le forze dell'Imperatore, che sconfisse e uccise Kalagann.
Etnarchia - Si sa che l'etnarchia ha comandato formidabili forze composte da guerrieri geneticamente modificati conosciuti come Ur-Khasis, armi pericolose dall'età oscura della tecnologia e schiavi psionici. Il primo tentativo da parte delle forze imperiali di conquistare le roccaforti dell'Ennarchia all'inizio della guerra era costato la vita a 20.000 Thunder Warriors e ad un milione di altre vittime. Verso la fine delle guerre dell'Unificazione, l'imperatore iniziò il suo secondo tentativo di rovesciare l'etnarchia. Questa volta la XVIII Legione delle Legioni Astartes fu incaricata di distruggere i generatori di energia sotterranei che alimentano i campi di potere della Ethnarchy. Nella successiva battaglia nota come Assalto alle gallerie della tempesta, la XVIII legione risultò vittoriosa e con i loro campi di forza furono abbattuti, l'etnarchia fu così rapidamente schiacciata dalle forze dell'imperatore.
Yndonesic Bloc - Il brutale Ethnarch del blocco, il cardinale Tang, fu sconfitto dalle forze dell'imperatore e imprigionato.
Enclave di Saragorn - L'Enclave si arrese alle forze dell'Imperatore, ma continuò a condurre gli esperimenti in segreto. Quando l'Imperatore scoprì questa sfida, inviò l’ottava legione per portare la sua punizione. L'Enclave fu brutalmente distrutto.
Conclusioni
La battaglia finale della guerra fu il massacro di Gaduare in Franco, dove 5.000 Thunder Warriors massacrarono 50.000 milizie ribelli. L'ultimo atto dell'era dell'Unificazione vide l'Imperatore massacrare i Thunder Warriors sul Monte Ararat, lasciando il posto alla sua prossima generazione di guerrieri superumani, gli Space Marine. Dopo le sue vittorie militari, l'Imperatore, che era fortemente ateo e considerava le religioni un blocco mentale e un ostacolo verso il progresso del genere umano, dapprima schiacciò i vari credi e le superstizioni e cercò di diffondere la sua Verità Imperiale attraverso il pianeta, facendo in modo che tutti comprendessero che solo la ragione e la scienza possono spiegare ciò che accade nell'universo. L'ultima chiesa della Terra, la Chiesa della Pietra dei lampi, fu distrutta poco prima della Grande Crociata. È importante parlare di ciò che avvenne prima che questa chiesa venisse distrutta, in quanto l'Imperatore volle presenziare alla sua fine, non prima di aver parlato con il sacerdote, Uriah Olathaire, un tempo ricco e viziato che, durante il massacro di Gaduere, ebbe una visione di Dio che lo cambiò, facendolo diventare religioso e gentile, aiutando sempre e comunque chi poteva con quel poco che aveva, poiché non capiva come un uomo del genere potesse ancora aver bisogno della fede in un mondo in cui la tecnologia e la scienza stavano rendendo la vita migliore a tutti. L'Imperatore, velatosi con i suoi poteri e facendosi chiamare "Rivelazione" ebbe un lungo dibattito con l'uomo, dimostrandosi bellicoso e dogmatico nelle sue idee, mentre Uriah fu sempre calmo e gentile, e quando l'Imperatore si rivelò per ciò che era realmente al prete, perché colpito dalla sua enorme intelligenza, questi rifiutò qualsiasi offerta egli gli proponesse, profetizzando all'Imperatore di come, una volta distrutti tutti i credi, ne sarebbe poi nati uno in suo onore, a causa delle sue gesta e della sua natura sovrannaturale, una cosa a cui l'Imperatore non diede peso, ordinando poi la distruzione della Chiesa con Uriah al suo interno.
Dopo aver conquistato la Terra, l'Imperatore ha quindi messo gli occhi su Luna, occupandola in una rapida campagna. Dopo aver catturato Luna e aver vinto la fedeltà del Meccanico di Marte, l'Imperatore lanciò la sua Grande Crociata. Nei successivi 200 anni, l'Imperatore guidò le Legioni Astartes nel riconquistare gran parte della Galassia e trovare i Primarchi perduti.
La conquista del Sistema Solare
Quando le Guerre di Unificazione stavano giungendo al termine, l'Imperatore si occupò della Luna. Gli Space Marine conquistarono facilmente la maggior parte di essa, ma le fortezze dei gene-culti del Cardinale Tang opposero resistenza. Non potendo conquistarli con la diplomazia, l'Imperatore attaccò con le proto-Legioni VII, XIII e XVI e dopo solo sei ore i sopravvissuti si arresero. L'Imperatore usò le tecnologie genetiche presenti sulla Luna per creare i veri e propri Astartes all'interno dei suoi laboratori nell'Himalaya.
Dopo la Luna, venne Marte. Su questo pianeta si era formato l'Adeptus Mechanicus, un culto prevalentemente composto dai tecnopreti, individui veneratori del Dio Macchina e ossessionati dalla tecnologia, dalla debolezza della carne e la sostituzione di sempre più parti organiche del proprio corpo con miglioramenti bionici. I Tecnopreti credevano che la manifestazione fisica del Dio Macchina fosse l'Omnissia e molti di essi la riconobbero nell'Imperatore, il quale riuscì a stabilire un accordo con il Fabricator-General di Marte. Sebbene l'Imperatore volesse eliminare qualsiasi forma di religione dalla galassia, permise ai tecnopreti di mantenere la fede nel Dio Macchina in cambio dei loro servigi.
Anche il resto del Sistema Solare venne conquistato dall'Imperium. La IV Legione sconfisse i Lito-Golem delle Streghe di Guerra e prese Venere durante la campagna di Mehr Yasht; I signori Xenos di Giove vennero sterminati e la popolazione liberata dalla schiavitù, rendendo il pianeta un punto di riferimento per la costruzione di navi spaziali; l'impero su Saturno riconobbe l'Imperium come un impero fratello, perciò l'Imperatore firmò immediatamente un trattato che li unì e dovette solo affrontare una piccola fazione rivale per assicurare il suo potere sul pianeta; Urano non fu mai abitabile, ma ospitò diverse colonie umane nell'orbita, tra cui gli Azuriti.
Riguardo agli altri pianeti del Sistema Solare, non è mai stato rilasciato alcun dettaglio.
La Grande Crociata e l'Eresia di Horus
Dopo essersi occupato del Sistema Solare, l'Imperatore costruì una flotta da guerra con la quale cominciò la Grande Crociata, che durò per due secoli, e finì con lo stabilirsi del dominio Imperiale sulla maggior parte dei mondi colonizzati dall'uomo sparsi per tutta la galassia. Durante questo periodo, l'equipaggiamento delle Legiones Astartes cambiò e migliorò, ad esempio ci fu l'evoluzione dall'armatura potenziata MkII di inizio Crociata fino alla MkVI.
Durante la Grande Crociata, l'Imperatore utilizzò i suoi più potenti soldati, gli Space Marine, e i loro leader nati, i Primarchi. Essi, combinati con la grande potenza dell'Esercito Imperiale (successivamente suddiviso in Guardia Imperiale e Flotta Imperiale) resero l'umanità la forza predominante nella contesa per la conquista della galassia.
L'umanità raggiunse il suo picco con il Trionfo di Ullanor nel 31.000, ma solo quattro anni dopo Horus voltò le spalle all'Imperatore e scatenò la guerra civile di dimensione galattica che prese il nome di Eresia di Horus.
Dopo l'Eresia
Inizialmente l'Imperium era una secolare monarchia assoluta guidata dall'Imperatore. Dopo l'Eresia di Horus, ma prima della fondazione dell'Ecclesiarchia, l'Imperium era in grado di sopravvivere e funzionare bene contro tutte le minacce come un reame feudale comandato dai Sommi Signori della Terra, e protetto dall'Inquisizione. Il Codex dei Cacciatori di Streghe dà una ampia e dettagliata storia dell'Imperium, cominciando dal reame che l'Imperatore stesso creò, fino alla fondazione dell'Ecclesiarchia 3000 anni dopo la sua ascesa al Trono d'Oro, e i cambiamenti risultanti dell'Imperium da una ricostruzione relativamente secolare ad una brutale teocrazia nella quale i diritti dei cittadini, le libertà, e persino la felicità personale sono diventati dei peccati, e solo la sofferenza e la morte sono viste come virtù.
Perfino all'interno dell'Ecclesiarchia stessa, tentativi di riformare la situazione furono fatti di rado, eccettuato qualche raro cambiamento avvenuto nel giro di vari decenni. Il più notevole di questi cambiamenti fu l'Era dell'Apostasia, nella quale Goge Vandire, Ecclesiarca e Signore dell'Administratum, guidò un "Regno di Sangue" con tattiche di coercizione e assassinii, sino a causare una rivoluzione guidata dal prete radicale Sebastian Thor, che raggiunse la Terra stessa e procedette a mettere sotto assedio il palazzo dell'Ecclesiarchia. Molti capitoli di Space Marine, inclusi gli Ultramarine, gli Angeli Oscuri, e i Lupi Siderali, si schierarono con Sebastian Thor durante la rivolta. La guerra civile fu finalmente conclusa quando Vandire venne spodestato e ucciso dalle sue stesse guardie del corpo, le Sorelle Guerriere.
Dopo questi eventi, Sebastian Thor fu proclamato Ecclesiarca, e tentò di istituire una serie di riforme per migliorare le condizioni di vita all'interno dell'Imperium. In ogni caso, queste riforme non sopravvissero a lungo dopo la sua morte, e l'Imperium tornò molto rapidamente alla precedente forma di società, con l'Ecclesiarchia nuovamente pronta a tornare un'istituzione dedicata completamente all'abuso di potere nei confronti dei suoi stessi seguaci.
Un altro evento di grande importanza fu l'Interregno di Nova Terra, avvenuto circa un millennio prima dell'Era dell'Apostasia. L'Ur-consiglio di Nova Terra denunciò i Sommi Signori della Terra e reclamò il controllo del Segmentum Pacificus. L'Imperium divenne un regno diviso per nove secoli e sul mondo forgia Moirae si scatenò uno scisma di proporzioni mai viste dai tempi dell'Eresia di Horus. Moirae venne ridotto in cenere, ma non prima che il dubbio si diffondesse nel Culto di Marte, nelle Legioni di Titani e in alcuni Capitoli di Space Marine con saldi legami con l'Adeptus Mechanicus. Passarono più di duemila anni di lotte sanguinarie prima che la funesta dottrina potesse essere considerata sradicata.
L'Imperium nel 41° millennio
Nel quarantunesimo millennio, l'Imperium è nominalmente guidato dal grande e magnificente Dio-Imperatore dell'Umanità. In ogni caso, sin dalla sua salita al Trono d'Oro a seguito del suo confronto con Horus, i compiti della direzione dell'Imperium sono attualmente svolti dal Senatorum Imperialis, e da dodici Sommi Signori della Terra. Le identità e le precise responsabilità di questi Sommi Signori variano, ma i membri fissi sono il Rappresentante Inquisitoriale (chiamato a volte Lord Inquisitore Terran), il Gran Maestro dell'Officio Assassinorum, il Signore dell'Administratum, il Fabricator-General dell'Adeptus Mechanicus, il Gran Rettore Maresciallo dell'Adeptus Arbites, l'Inviato dei Paternova delle Case dei Navigatori (Navis Nobilite), l'Ecclesiarca dell'Adeptus Ministorum, il Signore dell'Astronomican e il Signore dell'Adeptus Astra Telepathica. Oltre ai membri fissi, ci sono altri tre posti che possono presi da questi grandi leader: il Lord Comandante del Segmentum Solar, il Lord Comandante Militante della Guardia Imperiale, uno o più Cardinali del Sacro Sinodo della Terra, la Badessa dell'Adepta Sororitas, il Capitano-Generale dell'Adeptus Custodes, il Cancelliere della Tenuta Imperium, l'Oratore dei Capitani Cartisti o il Lord Grand'Ammiraglio della Marina Imperiale.
I Sommi Signori hanno il controllo dell'intero Imperium e sono responsabili del mantenimento del funzionamento dello stesso attraverso l'Adeptus Terra e i Comandanti Imperiali. In pratica, date le dimensioni galattiche dell'Imperium, molti mondi sono lasciati a se stessi senza alcun diretto coinvolgimento nel governo centrale. In realtà, in alcuni mondi "Imperiali", l'ultima visita di ufficiali imperiali potrebbe essere solo distante o addirittura avvolto nella storia o nella leggenda.
I mondi dell'Imperium
Mentre molto dell'Imperium è a dir poco distopico, esso è così vasto e grande che include innumerevoli mondi, che vanno da giungle neolitiche a popolosissime megalopoli-formicaio. Per esempio Gudrun, un mondo menzionato della Trilogia di Eisenhorn di Dan Abnett, è simile ad una idilliaca nazione felice del diciottesimo secolo, con nobili vassalli che controllano vaste estensioni di terra con colline verdi e piccoli villaggi, mentre Catachan (il mondo dei guerrieri Catachani della Guardia Imperiale) è un mondo infernale pieno di giungle e piante carnivore.
L'Imperium ha una precisa catalogazione dei pianeti e li suddivide nelle seguenti categorie:
Alpha o Mondo Agricolo
Gamma o Mondo Civilizzato
Delta o Mondo Morto
Delta Tau o Mondo Assassino (Catachan fa parte di questa categoria)
Eta o Mondo Formicaio
Mu o Mondo Feudale
Rho o Stazione di Ricerca
Phi o Mondo Forgia
Phi Lambda o Mondo Ferale
Oltre alla classificazione ufficiale, l'Imperium tende ad usare anche altre categorie:
Mondo Natale dell'Adeptus Astartes
Mondo Cardinale
Mondo Fortezza
Mondo Industriale
Mondo Cavalleresco (può essere confuso con il Mondo Feudale, ma in realtà il Mondo Cavalleresco si riferisce alle Casate di Cavalieri Imperiali)
Mondo Minerario
Mondo Paradiso
Mondo Penale
Mondo Santuario
L'Imperium classifica i pianeti anche sulla base di caratteristiche geografiche o topografiche dominanti:
Mondo Desertico
Mondo Ghiacciato
Mondo Giungla
Mondo Oceanico
Giganti Gassosi
Anche i pianeti dominati dal Caos o dagli Xenos ricevono una classificazione ben precisa:
Mondo Xenos
Mondo Demoniaco
Mondo Esodita (Eldar Esoditi)
Mondo Tomba (Necron)
Mondo Vergine (mondi paradisiaci creati dagli Eldar prima della Caduta)
Mondo Decrepito (mondi appartenuti al vecchio Impero Eldar e successivamente avvolti dall'Occhio del Terrore)
Mondo Orkesco
Mondo Tau
Arcamondo (sebbene non sia realmente un pianeta, la sua funzione è identica)
Considerata questa lunga classificazione, un pianeta può anche appartenere a più di una categoria. Baal, ad esempio, è sia un Mondo Desertico che un Mondo Natale dell'Adeptus Astartes.
L'Adeptus Terra
L'Adeptus Terra è l'enorme clero e ufficio burocratico della Terra, in cui scrittori, archivi grandi come continenti e siti di pellegrinaggio occupano il santo mondo formicaio della Terra che non fa parte del Sanctum Imperialis, il luogo ove riposa l'Imperatore, che comprende la maggior parte dell'emisfero nord. L'Adeptus Terra è così immenso, ed opera così lentamente, che interi dipartimenti servono agenzie che non esistono più e mondi morti da migliaia di anni.
L'Administratum
Una delle più utili divisioni dell'Adeptus Terra è l'Adeptus Administratum. L'obiettivo principale di questa organizzazione è il controllo dei beni planetari: i viveri, i materiali per la guerra e i reggimenti della Guardia che ogni mondo Imperiale richiede all'Imperium. Comunque, esso ha anche molti altri compiti per transazioni interplanetarie.
L'Ecclesiarchia
L'Adeptus Ministorum, conosciuto anche come Ministorum o Ecclesiarchia, è la Chiesa del Dio-Imperatore. L'Adeptus Ministorum esiste per regolare le molte fedi presenti nel vasto Imperium, e per proteggere dalla perversione quelle portatrici di valori e di adorazione per l'Imperatore, mentre le altre fedi sono violentemente sradicate.
Molte versioni della Fede Imperiale incoraggiano la produttività ("Il lavoro è preghiera"), l'aderenza al dovere ("Il servitore leale impara ad amare il giogo"), l'obbedienza alle autorità ("Il dissidente richiama solo punizione"), e la riconoscenza all'Imperatore ("Il giudizio dell'Imperatore è una benedizione per i fedeli"). Nonostante il Ministorium permetta molte variazioni anche folcloristiche della fede Imperiale, la differenza tra eresia e pio zelo può essere più fine di un capello, e malleabile per coloro che detengono il potere.
È noto che l'Ecclesiarchia non sia esistita formalmente sino a 3000 anni dopo l'incarceramento dell'Imperatore all'interno del Trono d'Oro. Prima di tutto ciò era la Chiesa del Savio Imperatore, uno dei più grandi e forti culti all'Imperatore nell'Imperium, che crebbe sino ad assorbire o distruggere tutti gli altri culti. Una volta che alcuni Sommi Signori della Terra si unirono a questo culto, fu solo un problema di tempo prima che divenisse riconosciuto, adottato, ed eventualmente dichiarato la religione di Stato dell'intero Imperium.
Ironicamente, l'Imperatore stesso non voleva essere visto come un Dio, ma piuttosto come un grande uomo. Egli credeva che fosse il potere dell'Umanità, piuttosto che la fede, che avrebbe permesso all'intera razza di sopravvivere nella galassia (senza però rendersi conto, come giustamente Uriah gli disse millenni prima, che la causa della venerazione nei suoi confronti è stato proprio lui con il suo operato e le sue gesta). Questo è il modo in cui l'Adeptus Mechanicus e l'Adeptus Astartes vedono l'Imperatore - e questo naturalmente causa attriti e tensioni con la natura intollerante dell'Ecclesiarchia.
In ogni caso vi è una grande varietà di fonti sul culto imperiale, molte delle quali si contraddicono fra loro. Per esempio la serie di libri dei Fantasmi di Gaunt fa un frequente parlare di Santi Imperiali, ed uno appare anche nella serie di libri sull'Eresia di Horus. Queste citazioni dovrebbero richiamare dubbi sulla composizione della fede imperiale su semplici dogmi. Inoltre il modo in cui gli Space Marine contemporanei si relazionano coll'Imperatore può essere visto non come una esplicita venerazione verso una divinità, ma come l'ammirazione per un grande guerriero e comandante, che debba essere emulato in battaglia attraverso gesta eroiche e pietà.
Il Departmento Munitorum
Il Departmento Munitorum è il comando centrale delle macchine da guerra Imperiali, ed organizza la logistica dei beni planetari, dei movimenti delle truppe e della loro distribuzione. Il Departmento è molto più decentralizzato delle altre divisioni dell'Adeptus Terra, poiché stabilisce una presenza su qualunque mondo con una significante quantità di materiali. I messaggi di allarme di un mondo invaso vengono gestiti dal Munitorum, e saranno passati lungo la scala pianeta-sistema-sottosettore-settore-Segmentum-Quartier Generale dell'Imperium, fino a che una divisione con abbastanza capacità e potere riesca a riunire gli eserciti necessari dai sistemi vicini. In breve, più un nemico colpisce l'Imperium, più grande sarà la punizione.
A causa delle vaste distanze dello Spazio e dei lunghi viaggi nel Warp, combinati con l'infernale burocrazia del Departmento Munitorum, le decisioni prese tendono ad essere decisamente lente, e le richieste di aiuto potrebbero non ricevere risposta per anni, o addirittura secoli. Non è certo strano per le flotte da guerra arrivare in battaglia, per scoprire che la guerra per cui erano stati inviati si era conclusa anni addietro.
L'Adeptus Mechanicus
L'Adeptus Mechanicus, i Tecnopreti di Marte, sono gli ingegneri e i tecnici dell'Imperium; creano la maggior parte delle armi e delle avanzate macchine da guerra dell'Imperium, costruiscono e mantengono le Legioni di Titani, oltre ad altri compiti.
Essi non comprendono completamente le tecnologie che utilizzano, e molte delle loro procedure sono basate su rituali e dogmi religiosi, piuttosto che su abilità genuinamente ingegneristiche o meccaniche. Essi sono in effetti una entità politica per essi stessi, con all'interno la propria gerarchia di leggi e i loro eserciti.
Prima della fondazione dell'Imperium, i tecnopreti erano un'entità indipendente, e avevano già colonizzato numerosi mondi attraverso le galassie, pianificando di creare un loro impero. La loro alleanza coll'Imperatore fu dettata dalla loro religione, in cui l'Imperatore occupa una posizione messianica di profonda autorità.
L'Inquisizione
Indipendente dal resto dell'Adeptus Terra, si trova il Sacro Ordine dell'Inquisizione dell'Imperatore. Essi sono l'ultima autorità giudiziaria e di polizia dell'Imperium, secondi solo all'Imperatore stesso.
L'Officio Assassinorum
Poco nota ma vitale parte dei dipartimenti Imperiali, l'Officio Assassinorum allena e schiera assassini per tutta la galassia, alla ricerca di particolari individui da eliminare. Lo schieramento di uno dei loro operativi deve essere autorizzato dai Sommi Signori della Terra. In tempi di guerra (che sono invero costanti), gli assassini sono tipicamente schierati sotto il controllo attento e il comando nominale di un Inquisitore.
I Comandanti Imperiali
In aggiunta all'Adeptus Terra e ai militari, i Sommi Signori comandano inoltre i Segmentum Comandanti, ognuno dei quali controlla una delle cinque regioni galattiche conosciute come Segmentae Majoris: Segmentum Solar, Segmentum Pacificus, Segmentum Obscurus, Segmentum Tempestus e Ultima Segmentum. Ogni Segmentum Comandanti supervisiona i suoi Comandanti di settore, che a loro volta supervisionano i Comandanti di sottosettore, che supervisionano i Comandanti Imperiali, altrimenti conosciuti come governatori planetari. I più alti gradi di questo sistema sono generalmente combinati da un comando basilare planetario e da impegni interplanetari. Questo sistema è il modo in cui l'Imperium controlla i pianeti che lo compongono, come una grossa confederazione.
Un Comandante Imperiale è il capo di un intero pianeta, designato dall'Impero. In ogni caso, a causa delle distanze e alla natura instabile delle comunicazioni attraverso il Warp, i Comandanti generalmente operano in modo quasi autonomo. Questo permette un po' di variazione tra i governi dei diversi mondi Imperiali. La maggioranza di questi governi sono di tipo ereditario (esempi di ciò includono il Segmentum Comandanti del Segmentum Tempestus e i reali di Volpone), ma non è insolito che un pianeta abbia un Comandante eletto (come gli Elettori di Tanith), un Comandante tiranno che governa con la forza delle armi, o qualunque altra via di mezzo. In qualunque modo il Comandante esegua i suoi compiti per l'Imperium, il suo modo di operare non viene quasi mai indagato dalle autorità centrali.
Una rara manciata di Comandanti presiede su mondi ferali o medievali dove l'Imperium non ha voluto introdurre la moderna tecnologia. Questi Comandanti in genere rimangono distanti, su installazioni orbitali, e solo occasionalmente visitano il pianeta per mettere ordine e ricordare ai suoi sottomessi la sua presenza, e per infervorare la loro fede religiosa, visto che i problemi delle mutazioni e delle eresie sono questioni molto pericolose per le autorità Imperiali, e legate a doppio filo tra loro.
I doveri Imperiali di un Comandante includono il pagare con materie prime planetarie l'Administratum, controllare le mutazioni, le insurrezioni e le eresie del suo mondo, e mantenere una Forza Planetaria di Difesa, in grado di difendere il pianeta da eventuali invasioni. Le Forze Planetarie di Difesa dovrebbero essere in grado di fermare gli attacchi della maggior parte dei nemici, o almeno bloccarli fino all'arrivo di rinforzi, che a volte possono impiegare mesi od anni per giungere a destinazione.
Un numero relativamente piccolo di mondi Imperiali non sono guidati da un Comandante, ma sono supervisionati da organizzazioni alternative come l'Adeptus Terra, la Guardia Imperiale o gli Space Marine. Questi includono i Mondi Forgia dell'Adeptus Mechanicus, i cui abitanti lavorano senza pausa per costruire armi per le armate dell'Imperatore (tra cui Marte, Gryphonne IV, Esteban VII, Lucius, Ryza, Triplex Phall e Fortis Binary); i mondi Cardinali dell'Ecclesiarchia, che sono completamente dedicati all'educazione e all'adorazione del Dio-Imperatore (Ignatius Cardinal, Ophelia VII); mondi fortezza della Guardia Imperiale (Cadia), e mondi natale degli Space Marine (Fenris, Rynn, Macragge, Baal, Prometheus, Caliban, Medusa).
Governatore planetario
Un Governatore Planetario, anche conosciuto come Comandante Imperiale, è una figura con l'autorità (spesso ereditaria) di governare un mondo nel nome dell'Imperatore. Sono i principali supervisori dei mondi imperiali. I Governatori Planetari sono generalmente chiamati "Signori" e la loro posizione spesso diventa ereditaria.
Panoramica
Naturalmente, poiché la natura vasta e dispersa del territorio imperiale renderebbe impossibile un sistema di governo totalmente centralizzato, al Governatore Planetario viene dato un controllo discrezionale sull'amministrazione (compresa il modo do governare, la difesa e lo sviluppo) del pianeta in questione. In teoria lui (o lei) è vincolato all'Adeptus Terra. Essenzialmente, però, è un governatore indipendente. Finché le decime del pianeta sono pagate, il "conteggio " dei mutanti e degli psionici è tenuto sotto controllo e il pianeta è governato in modo competente, è libero di dirigere il pianeta come preferisce.
Ci si aspetta che difendano il pianeta nel nome dell'Imperium, mantenendo le Forze di Difesa Planetaria e le difese orbitali. A causa della mutevole natura dell'ordito, la comunicazione con l'Adeptus Terra viene spesso ritardata e talvolta impedita del tutto. Spesso questo significa che i governatori devono prendere decisioni sulla difesa del loro mondo senza consigli e aiuti dalla Terra, il che significa che affinché il mondo possa prosperare, ogni Governatore deve essere esperto nelle questioni militari e nello sviluppo dell'infrastruttura commerciale del pianeta.
Anche se i governatori hanno questi poteri su un pianeta, hanno un prezzo. Il governatore è un vassallo giurato dell'Imperium, e come tale è tenuto a fornire supporto militare alle campagne locali. Nel primo periodo dell'Imperium questo era un processo semplice, un impegno diretto a fornire un certo numero di truppe e a combattere di persona se necessario. Questo era considerato troppo rigido perché quando l'Impero crebbe, il diverso numero di truppe fornite fece un uso scadente di alcune popolazioni di pianeti e su altre una percentuale troppo alta della popolazione fu mandata in guerra, lasciando il pianeta estremamente a corto di manodopera. Questo è stato successivamente sostituito con una decima. È valutata dalla ricchezza e dalle risorse disponibili del pianeta.
Come parte della decima, il governatore dovrebbe fornire truppe alla Guardia Imperiale, le truppe vengono spesso requisite dalle esistenti forze di difesa del pianeta. La decima è anche una percentuale del prodotto del pianeta. La maggior parte delle decime sono obblighi regolari, mentre altre sono richieste quando si verificano circostanze specifiche.
Questo porta ad una stretta relazione tra i Governatori Planetari e il Dipartimento Munitorum che si occupa dello spiegamento di uomini e rifornimenti in tutta la galassia. Entrambe le decime vanno al Munitorum, che può raccogliere soldati da interi settori.
Notevoli Governatori Planetari
Annesh
Aulide
Cyprian Devine
Dellasario di Tallarn
Gerontius Helmawr di Necromunda
Gordus of the Diamor System
Herman von Strab
Icos Blaille di Tharsis Prime
Signore di Okku - è stato ucciso dall'Assassino Comaru per la vendita di esseri umani agli Ork schiavisti e per aver venduto agli stessi pelleverde come l'ultimo degli schiavi dal pianeta Okku.
Lucienne Agamemnus IX
Lukas Alexander di Kronus
Lozallio Cann
Le armate dell'Imperium
Nell'universo di Warhammer 40,000, l'Imperium rappresenta l'unica speranza dell'umanità di sopravvivere nel ambiente tetro e senza pietà dell'universo del quarantunesimo millennio. L'Imperium è circondato da specie aliene, ed è continuamente sotto attacco delle forze del Caos, e da specie extragalattiche come i Tiranidi.
Le forze di difesa dell'Imperium consistono di:
Guardia Imperiale o Astra Militarum
Numerose Forze di Difesa Planetaria
Flotta Imperiale
Adeptus Astartes, altrimenti conosciuti come gli Space Marine
Adeptus Custodes, Adeptus Custodes Imperialis o semplicemente Custodes, le guardie del corpo dell'Imperatore
Adeptus Arbites, la forza di polizia dell'Imperium
Adepta Sororitas (Le forze dell'Adepta non sono dislocate in maniera totale agli ordini dell'Inquisizione)
Le forze dell'Inquisizione hanno assoluta autorità per combattere i nemici sia dentro che fuori dall'Imperium. Gli Inquisitori appartengono sempre ad uno specifico ordine:
L'Ordo Malleus, o Cacciatori di Demoni, inclusa la loro camera militante, i Cavalieri Grigi
L'Ordo Hereticus, o Cacciatori di Streghe, inclusa la loro camera militante, l'Adepta Sororitas
L'Ordo Xenos, o Cacciatori di Alieni, inclusa la loro camera militante, la Guarnigione della Morte
Numerosi altri Ordo minori
L'Adeptus Mechanicus inoltre contribuisce alle difese dell'Imperium con:
Collegia Titanica, ossia le legioni di Titani
Skitarii, conosciuti anche come Tecno-guardia
Legio Cybernetica
Centurio Ordinatus
Ordo Reductor
Auxilia Myrmidon
Casate di Cavalieri del Mechanicus
Prefecture Magisterium
Basilikon Astra, comunemente conosciuta come la flotta dell'Adeptus Mechanicus
Oltre alle Casate prettamente fedeli al Mechanicus, esistono tante altre Casate di Cavalieri Imperiali.
Assieme, essi aiutano a difendere l'Imperium da vari nemici, tra cui:
Le folli forze del Caos
Gli Eldar Oscuri e talvolta gli Eldar
I Tiranidi
Gli Orki
L'Impero Tau
I Necron
Razze dell'Imperium
Generalmente le razze che vengono a far parte dei territori dell'Imperium vengono sterminate, tuttavia ce ne sono diverse che non sono propriamente aliene, e questo ha permesso la loro sopravvivenza. Infatti suddette razze non sono altro che una variante evolutiva dell'homo sapiens andatasi a sviluppare su mondi particolari.
Bestioni (homo sapiens giganticus)
Sui mondi gelidi ad alta gravità di una certa zona della galassia, si sono evoluti questi esseri. I Bestioni (originale: Ogryn) sono alti quasi tre metri e hanno una forza molto superiore a quella degli Umani comuni, tuttavia la loro scarsa intelligenza fa sì che sia praticamente impossibile impartire loro un addestramento qualsiasi.
Questi mutanti sono molto fedeli e poco intelligenti, il che li rende le perfette guardie del corpo, data anche la loro mole. I Bestioni generalmente vanno in battaglia armati molto semplicemente, guidati da un altro Bestione particolare, chiamato Testa d'Osso, al quale sono stati fatti degli innesti cerebrali per alzarne l'intelligenza fino a un livello umano.
I Bestioni tendono a soffrire di claustrofobia e ad avere una certa paura del buio, si affezionano molto ai loro protetti e faranno di tutto per aiutarli, anche far loro da scudo vivente.
Esiste un solo personaggio speciale Ogryn nel gioco chiamato Nork Deddog, che funge da guardia del corpo a vari comandanti imperiali.
I Bestioni sono l'equivalente degli Ogri che si trovano nel gioco Warhammer Fantasy Battle, con la differenza che i Bestioni sono meno crudeli e non costituiscono una razza giocabile a sé stante, ma appaiono nel Codex della Guardia Imperiale.
Mezzuomini (homo sapiens minimus)
Come i Bestioni, i Mezzuomini (dall'originale "Ratling") sono un ramo secondario dell'evoluzione umana. Questi mutanti sono l'equivalente degli Halfling nel mondo di Warhammer fantasy, sono considerati perennemente affamati, vitali e talvolta lascivi poiché molti sono affetti da cleptomania; diverse volte infatti i Commissari sono venuti a conoscenza di piccoli furti e di una loro tendenza verso il gioco d'azzardo.
In battaglia si riuniscono in piccole squadriglie di cecchini, ruolo nel quale eccellono, ma sono anche conosciuti per le loro straordinarie abilità nella culinaria.
Il loro pianeta natale, Ornsworld, fu invaso da Abaddon il Distruttore, durante una Crociata Oscura, poiché vi era presente un artefatto molto potente, l'Occhio della Notte, il cui funzionamento rimane un mistero per l'uomo. Numerosi vascelli del Caos assalirono Ornsworld e lanciarono un'invasione su vasta scala; i Mezzuomini non ebbero nessuna possibilità contro i depravati Marine del Caos che ne uccisero a milioni e si impossessarono dell'artefatto, incastonato nell'orbita della statua di una divinità Ratling pre-imperiale.
Squat (homo sapiens rotundus)
La storia degli Squat comincia con l'Età della Fondazione, nel 21°millennio e fino al 25° non presenteranno differenze fisiche dagli Umani.
I mondi al centro della galassia orbitano attorno a gigantesche stelle arancioni, formatesi quando la galassia era ancora giovane. Ora le stelle emettono solo una flebile luce e i pianeti che illuminano sono luoghi rocciosi e privi di forme di vita, con campi gravitazionali molto forti.
Quando l'umanità arrivò per la prima volta in questi mondi, vi trovò grande abbondanza di minerali. Furono fondate colonie per l'estrazione e vennero sbarcati migliaia di coloni per manovrare le macchine ed esplorare i sistemi appena scoperti. Per proteggersi dalla forte escursione termica i coloni scavarono città sotterranee vicino alle miniere. La fortissima gravità e l'ambiente ostile cominciarono a causare nei coloni dei cambiamenti fisici.
Col passare delle generazioni la popolazione divenne sempre più bassa e tozza, forte e resistente, ma più lenta e meno agile. Gli umani che ne derivarono erano molto diversi dai loro antenati e furono detti "Squat" (letteralmente questa parola -in inglese- vuol dire tarchiato, tozzo, atticciato).
Gli Squat hanno sviluppato una civiltà a sé stante, molto diversa da tutte le altre dell'Imperium. Anche se sono fedeli alleati dell'Imperium, si sa che ci sono state dispute commerciali tra loro e l'Imperium, che sono sfociate in vere e proprie guerre; tutto è stato, però, subito accantonato di fronte a nemici comuni come gli Orki e il Caos.
Gli Squat sono esperti tecnici, che hanno dovuto sviluppare un alto livello di sofisticate tecnologie anche solo per poter sopravvivere in quei mondi ostili; sfruttano queste loro conoscenze per costruire molte terribili macchine da guerra.
Quando i mondi di origine degli Squat furono riscoperti dall'Imperium dopo millenni di isolamento, i due gruppi iniziarono a commerciare tra loro e alla fine si allearono.
Gli Squat restano un'importante fonte di ricchezza, dal punto di vista estrattivo, per tutta l'umanità; la loro collaborazione con le forze dell'Imperium è un fattore decisivo in guerra.
Nel 26°millennio inizia l'Era dell'Isolamento degli Squat. Le colonie-miniera diventano fortilizzi indipendenti ed autosufficienti. Durante questo periodo la Gilda degli Ingegneri si trasforma in un movimento sociopolitico e le fortezze Squat diventano complessi politici e commerciali che verranno chiamati Leghe.
Durante l'età dei conflitti, gli Squat assunsero una posizione neutrale e commerciavano liberamente con le fazioni Orkoidi e Eldar che combattevano tra loro, ma nel 28°millennio il Kapoguerra Orko Grunhag lo Scorticatore, attacca I Mondi Squat con una gigantesca flotta. Molti Mondi Fortezza degli Squat vengono spazzati via dagli Orki, l'epica ballata “La Caduta di Imbach" commemora questa distruzione. Questo evento segna l'inizio dell'ostilità degli Squat verso gli Orki ed il loro disgusto verso gli Eldar rimasti neutrali ed indifferenti davanti al conflitto. Finisce l'Era dei Commerci ed inizia l'Età delle Guerre tra Squat, Eldar ed Orki.
Nell'anno 985.M39 (38.985) scoppia una guerra civile tra gli Squat. La Lega Thor combatté la Lega Grindel per l'esplorazione dell'ultima fortezza Dargon. Vengono inventati i ciclopi Squat.
Nelle nuove edizioni del gioco gli Squat non esistono più come razza giocabile e sono un equivalente dei Nani del mondo Fantasy. La loro sparizione è stata successiva giustificata da una dichiarazione ufficiale che vedeva i mondi degli Squat divorati completamente da enormi sciami tiranidi.
A questo disastroso evento sono sopravvissuto un numero decisamente esiguo di Squat, che di generazione in generazione si sono evoluti negli attuali Demiurghi, una razza poco numerosa di valorosi annessa all'Impero Tau.
Altri Squat sopravvissuti sono i cosiddetti Squad del Caos, adoratori degli Dei Oscuri. Tuttavia, come i loro cugini non sono più presenti nel gioco a partire dalla terza edizione.
Uomini bestia (Homo sapiens variatus)
Questi umanoidi assumono tratti palesemente bestiali, quali corna, peluria accentuata e altri. Essi vengono diverse volte assunti dalla Guardia Imperiale per combattere in nome dell'Imperatore per espiare il peccato di essere dei mutanti.
All'interno dell'Imperium essi sono trattati come una casta di intoccabili reietti e i più deboli vengono usati senza pietà per ogni scopo, quindi non stupisce che, in versioni più recenti del gioco, questa razza si sia convertita al culto del Caos e combatte per i suoi dei oscuri (come anche gli uomini bestia di Warhammer Fantasy).
Alcuni di essi possono essere vere e proprie macchine da guerra in combattimento e generalmente sono guidati da un capobranco.
Gli Uomini Bestia non sono più giocabili nella Guardia Imperiale, così come non si trovano più tra le file del Caos.
Note
Bibliografia
Glen Burnie, Warhammer 40,000, MD: Games Workshop, 2004.
Voci correlate
Luoghi di Warhammer 40.000
Imperi immaginari | 36,129 |
https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie%20Solange%20Kayisire | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Marie Solange Kayisire | https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie Solange Kayisire&action=history | Kinyarwanda | Spoken | 51 | 173 | Marie Solange Kayisire ni umunyarwandakazi w'umunyapolitiki akaba ari minisitiri ushinzwe ibikorwa by'ubutabazi , umwanya yajyiyeyo kuwa 02 Werurwe 2020.
Amavuko.
Marie Solange Kayisire yavukiye Mu Rwanda.
Umwuga.
Marie Solange ni umuyapolitiki ubifitemo uburambe kuko mbere yo kuba minisitiri ushinzwe ibikorwa by'ubutabazi yabanje kuba minisitiri muri Primature ushinzwe imirimo y'inama y'abaminisitiri.
Ibirambuye. | 3,976 |
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukumaj%C3%A4rvi | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Leukumajärvi | https://fi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leukumajärvi&action=history | Finnish | Spoken | 99 | 305 | Leukumajärvi on Lapissa Ylitorniolla Lohijärven kylän lähellä sijaitseva järvi.
Maantietoa
Järven pinta-ala on 26 hehtaaria, se on 700 metriä pitkä ja 450 metriä leveä. Järvellä ei ole kartan mukaan saaria. Järvi on luodattu ja siitä on julkaistu syvyyskartat. Järven tilavuudeksi on saatu 500 000 kuutiometriä eli 0,0005 kuutiokilometriä. Sen keskisyvyys on 2,0 metriä ja suurin syvyys on 2,5 metriä. Sen rantaviivan pituus on 2,1 kilometriä.
Vesistösuhteet
Järvi sijaitsee Tornionjoen vesistössä (vesistöaluetunnus 67) Tengeliönjoen valuma-alueen (67.9) Lohijärven alueella (67.92), jonka Tengeliönjoen alueeseen (67.923) se kuuluu. Järven vedenpinnan korkeus on 86,4 metriä mpy.
Lähteet
Lohijärven alue
Botin luomat artikkelit
Ylitornion järvet | 13,606 |
https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/126352 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,014 | Stack Exchange | AjitS, Clive, Ehsan, https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/2800, https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/34541, https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/6461 | English | Spoken | 245 | 317 | Changing Drupal database
How would you think if a designer extends the database of Drupal for a desired system? (for example adding field to some tables)
Would it be really PRACTICAL?
I mean that I'm going to do it! I need to hear your recommendation!
It is not recommended to change the existing database schema of Drupal, unless that is the only option left; which is most of the times is not the case. It might cause problems with the updates.
Can you define what you mean by "practical" in this context? It's not really possible to answer this without knowing exactly what you want to change. Knowing why would also be helpful, so we can convince you to do it the proper way instead
I would like to add some fields to user table.
Bottom line: it's your database, you can add as many fields to whatever tables you like.
Drupal won't know anything about them, obviously, and it may cause unforeseen issues further down the line, as you're potentially changing the way the core system works. It's not possible to be any more specific than that without knowing pretty much everything about your application, so you'd need to test until you're happy you haven't broken anything.
The correct way to extend core entities is through the use of fields, I'd strongly recommend using those rather than hacking at database tables.
I tried to find the way with fields and it really worked. thanks
| 38,397 |
https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/427027 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,016 | Stack Exchange | Sharon, Urukhay, https://rus.stackexchange.com/users/180132, https://rus.stackexchange.com/users/183382, https://rus.stackexchange.com/users/4345, shampar | Russian | Spoken | 132 | 342 | Верно ли расставлены знаки пунктуации в предложении?
Предложение:
"За доступом к компьютеру от имени администратора, обращаться на электронную почту".
Смысл предложения: чтобы получить права администратора в компьютере, нужно кому-то написать на электронную почту.
...пунктуации в предл.? ======= лучше так — пунк. в предл.
За доступом к компьютеру от имени администратора обращаться на электронную почту.
Это простое предложение (односоставное, безличное инфинитивное), сочетание "за доступом к компьютеру от имени администратора" не обособляется.
А не будет ли в Вашем варианте похоже на то, будто Вы просите обратиться в письме от лица администратора?
Будет похоже, но только тут дело не в запятой, а в неясных формулировках самого предложения. Можно предложить такой вариант: "Для доступа к компьютеру на правах администратора следует обращаться на электронную почту". Хорошо бы еще указать адрес этой почты или как-то еще ее определить.
| 3,000 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54871320 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,019 | Stack Exchange | Shidersz, https://stackoverflow.com/users/10366495, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6231153, https://stackoverflow.com/users/888894, joshmoto, kukkuz | English | Spoken | 848 | 3,750 | how to make some child items 50% wide and side by side in flex-direction column container?
I using bootstrap 4 .navbar-nav.
Here is a full live demo on codeply https://www.codeply.com/go/Zib61kYY2M
When the .navbar-nav goes into mobile collapsed mode on the set breakpoint.
These styles below are applied, and creates a nice stacked list of the navbar buttons.
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
But I need to control the width of the last two child .nav-item. And I need the items to appear side by side.
Is this possible with flex?
This currently how the nav looks...
This is how I want the last two items to look...
I've added 2 classes the last 2 items called .nav-account, so I just need to set some css like this...
.nav-account {
width: 50%;
...
}
So make the last 2 items 50% wide and next to each other.
Full code below and here https://www.codeply.com/go/Zib61kYY2M
<ul class="navbar-nav flex-lg-grow-1 text-center text-lg-right">
<li class="nav-item active">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Products</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">About</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">FAQ's</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Contact</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-account ml-lg-auto">
<a class="nav-link" href="https://dev.thesweetpeople.co/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fdev.thesweetpeople.co%2Fprofile">Log in</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-account">
<a class="nav-link" href="/register"><i class="fas fa-fw fa-user-plus color-sweets"></i> Register</a>
</li>
</ul>
You can try the following:
Add flex-wrap flex-row classes to your ul (this sets the flex-direction always as row and set flex-wrap)
Add col-12 col-lg-auto to your nav-items expect the last two (sets 100% flex-basis in mobile view)
Add col-6 col-lg-auto to the last two nav-items (sets 50% flex-basis for the last two items in mobile view)
See demo below:
.navbar {
opacity: 1;
transition: opacity 0.5s ease;
}
.navbar-hide {
pointer-events: none;
opacity: 0;
}
.nav-item {
border: 1px solid red;
}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.7.1/css/all.css" />
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.6/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.2.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark fixed-top bg-dark">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Flex direction</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarCollapse" aria-controls="navbarCollapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarCollapse">
<ul class="navbar-nav flex-lg-grow-1 text-center text-lg-right flex-wrap flex-row">
<li class="nav-item col-12 col-lg-auto active">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item col-12 col-lg-auto">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Products</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item col-12 col-lg-auto">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">About</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item col-12 col-lg-auto">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">FAQ's</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item col-12 col-lg-auto">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Contact</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-account ml-lg-auto col-6 col-lg-auto">
<a class="nav-link" href="https://dev.thesweetpeople.co/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fdev.thesweetpeople.co%2Fprofile">Log in</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-account col-6 col-lg-auto">
<a class="nav-link" href="/register"><i class="fas fa-fw fa-user-plus color-sweets"></i> Register</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<main role="main" class="container">
<div class="jumbotron">
<h1>Flex direction</h1>
<p class="lead">My question, in mobile mode, is it possible to make the the <strong>register</strong> and <strong>login</strong> buttons 50% wide and side by side using flex?</p>
<a class="btn btn-lg btn-primary" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.3/utilities/flex/" role="button">View flex docs »</a>
</div>
</main>
Thank you this seems to work, not as simple as I was hoping for, but the non-less its works perfectly. Nice one!
One solution can be wrapping the last two <li> items inside next element:
<div class="ml-lg-auto d-inline-flex">
...
</div>
And then add classes w-50 to both of they.
Example:
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.7/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-UO2eT0CpHqdSJQ6hJty5KVphtPhzWj9WO1clHTMGa3JDZwrnQq4sF86dIHNDz0W1" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-ggOyR0iXCbMQv3Xipma34MD+dH/1fQ784/j6cY/iJTQUOhcWr7x9JvoRxT2MZw1T" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JjSmVgyd0p3pXB1rRibZUAYoIIy6OrQ6VrjIEaFf/nJGzIxFDsf4x0xIM+B07jRM" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark fixed-top bg-dark">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Flex direction</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarCollapse" aria-controls="navbarCollapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarCollapse">
<ul class="navbar-nav flex-lg-grow-1 text-center text-lg-right">
<li class="nav-item active border">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item border">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Products</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item border">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">About</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item border">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">FAQ's</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item border">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Contact</a>
</li>
<div class="ml-lg-auto d-inline-flex">
<li class="nav-item nav-account w-50 border">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Log in</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-account w-50 border">
<a class="nav-link" href="/register">
<i class="fas fa-fw fa-user-plus color-sweets"></i>
Register
</a>
</li>
</div>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
Here is another version, that use nested <li> and <ul> items to don't fall on usage of invalid markup as mentioned on the commentaries:
Alternative version:
.custom-ul {
list-style:none;
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
}
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.7/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-UO2eT0CpHqdSJQ6hJty5KVphtPhzWj9WO1clHTMGa3JDZwrnQq4sF86dIHNDz0W1" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-ggOyR0iXCbMQv3Xipma34MD+dH/1fQ784/j6cY/iJTQUOhcWr7x9JvoRxT2MZw1T" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JjSmVgyd0p3pXB1rRibZUAYoIIy6OrQ6VrjIEaFf/nJGzIxFDsf4x0xIM+B07jRM" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark fixed-top bg-dark">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Flex direction</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarCollapse" aria-controls="navbarCollapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarCollapse">
<ul class="navbar-nav flex-lg-grow-1 text-center text-lg-right">
<li class="nav-item active border">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item border">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Products</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item border">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">About</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item border">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">FAQ's</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item border">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Contact</a>
</li>
<li class="ml-lg-auto">
<ul class="custom-ul d-flex">
<li class="nav-item nav-account w-50 border">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Log in</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-account w-50 border">
<a class="nav-link" href="/register">
<i class="fas fa-fw fa-user-plus color-sweets"></i>
Register
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
ul should only have li as children... yet, its working fine
I thought this was the winning answer at first but I can't bring my self to use invalid markup. Appreciate the answer and good know for non list stuff. +1 for the inline trick.
@joshmoto I have included an alternative version based on both commentaries, so there is no invalid markup. Just in case this is useful to someone. Anyway, thank for appreciate the effort!
| 32,598 |
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire%20Norseman%20%28schip%2C%201942%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Empire Norseman (schip, 1942) | https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Empire Norseman (schip, 1942)&action=history | Dutch | Spoken | 366 | 717 | De Empire Norseman was een Brits stoomtankschip van 9.811 ton, dat in de Tweede Wereldoorlog door een Duitse onderzeeboot is getorpedeerd.
Geschiedenis
De tanker werd voltooid in 1942 op de scheepswerf van Furness Shipbuilding Co. Ltd, Haverton Hill, Middlesbrough. De eigenaar was Eagle Oil & Shipping Co. Ltd, Londen, met aldaar haar thuishaven. Ze werd gebouwd voor het Britse Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). Er waren aan boord 53 bemanningsleden en ze voer van Greenock naar Curaçao, met een lading ballast. Ze voer mee met konvooi UC-1 in februari 1943. Het tankschip was amper een jaar oud.
Het latere verlies van de Empire Norseman begon omstreeks 22.14 uur op 23 februari 1943, toen de U-382, onder commando van Herbert Juli, één FAT-torpedo en één minuut later een verspreid salvo van twee G7e torpedo's lanceerde op het konvooi UC-1, ten zuiden van de Azoren. Herbert Juli dacht dat hij twee schepen tot zinken had gebracht, maar slechts een van deze torpedo's sloeg in op het Shell-tankschip Empire Norseman, aan haar stuurboordzijde en hierdoor geraakte ze achterop op het konvooi.
Tussen 22.17 uur en 22.20 uur op 23 februari, vuurde de U-202, onder bevel van Günter Poser, vier torpedo's op konvooi UC-1. Ze meldden drie torpedoinslagen op drie schepen. De eerste en tweede torpedoklap was tegen de Murena en de British Fortitude, die allebei, niettemin beschadigd, hun reisroute met het konvooi voortzetten. De derde torpedo liep verloren verder in zee en de laatste torpedoinslag trof de reeds beschadigde Empire Norseman nog eens aan haar stuurboordzijde en stopte haar vaart. De nieuwe tanker bleef ongeveer anderhalf uur lang nog ronddrijven. Om 23.45 uur op 23 februari werd het nog steeds drijvende wrak van de Empire Norseman tot zinken gebracht door de U-558 van Günther Krech, in positie 31°18’ N. en 27°20’ W.
Alle 53 opvarenden waaronder kapitein William Sharp Smith, 41 bemanningsleden en elf artilleristen van de Empire Norseman werden opgepikt door HMS Totland (Y 88) (LtCdr. L.E. Woodhouse), die hen naar het Nederlandse koopvaardijschip Maaskerk brachten. De Maaskerk bracht vervolgens de voltallige Britse bemanning naar Trinidad.
Externe link
Uboat.net: Empire Norseman
Ubootwaffe.net
Empire Norseman
Schip gebouwd in het Verenigd Koninkrijk
Schip op naam
Scheepsramp
Tanker op naam
Stoomschip | 12,836 |
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanton-Chassenon | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Xanton-Chassenon | https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xanton-Chassenon&action=history | Basque | Spoken | 23 | 95 | Xanton-Chassenon Frantziako udalerri bat da, Loirerria eskualdean, Vendée departamenduan, Fontenay-le-Comte barrutian eta Saint-Hilaire-des-Loges kantonamenduan kokatua.
Demografia
Kanpo estekak
2008ko udal hauteskundeak
Vendéeko udalerriak | 10,140 |
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1241223 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,015 | Stack Exchange | Berrick Caleb Fillmore, Jose27, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/228790, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/4829, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/85964, pitaya | English | Spoken | 322 | 803 | A characterization of Bessel sequences in a Hilbert space
I've shown that if for a sequence $\{f_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ in a Hilbert space $H$ we have
$$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}|\langle f,f_n\rangle|^{2}< \infty$$
for all $f\in H$ (i.e., it is a Bessel sequence in $H$), then
the map $T$ from $\mathcal{l}^2$ to $H$ sending $(a_n)$ to $\Sigma_n a_n f_n$ is well-defined, linear and bounded.
But I'd appreciate it if someone could guide me on how to prove the converse?
Isn't $\langle f_m, f_n\rangle$ a scalar? How can it define an operator? Also are you assuming that your sequence is bounded, or orthogonal or something?
There is no other assumption on $f_n$ other than that they satisfy $(1)$ for any $f\in H$.
I think you mean that the matrix with entries $\langle f_m, f_n\rangle$ defines a bounded operator when applied to a vector $f=(\langle f, e_k\rangle e_k)_k$ where $e_k$ is an orthonormal basis for $H$. Is this correct?
So for a sequence $a\in \mathcal{l}^2$, I think I can show that the map $Ta= \Sigma_n a_n f_n$ is well-defined, linear and bounded. Could you perhaps please provide a hint for the converse?
@graviola: Hi graviola. Hopefully the solution below works.
Let $ \varphi: \mathcal{H} \to \mathbb{C} $ be any (continuous) linear functional on $ \mathcal{H} $. Then the composition
$$
\varphi \circ T =
\left\{ \begin{matrix}
{\ell^{2}}(\mathbb{N}) & \to & \mathbb{C} \\
(a_{n})_{n \in \mathbb{N}} & \mapsto & \sum_{n \in \mathbb{N}}
a_{n} \varphi(f_{n})
\end{matrix} \right\}
$$
is a (continuous) linear functional on $ {\ell^{2}}(\mathbb{N}) $. It follows from the Riesz-Fréchet Theorem that
$$
(\spadesuit) \qquad
(\varphi(f_{n}))_{n \in \mathbb{N}} \in {\ell^{2}}(\mathbb{N}).
$$
Now, pick any $ f \in \mathcal{H} $ and let $ \varphi \stackrel{\text{df}}{=} \langle f,\bullet \rangle_{\mathcal{H}}: \mathcal{H} \to \mathbb{C} $. Then $ \varphi $ is a (continuous) linear functional on $ \mathcal{H} $, and so by $ (\spadesuit) $, we obtain
$$
(\langle f,f_{n} \rangle_{\mathcal{H}})_{n \in \mathbb{N}}
\in {\ell^{2}}(\mathbb{N}),
$$
which is precisely the desired result.
Great answer, thanks!
| 37,822 |
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonax%20maximus | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Demonax maximus | https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demonax maximus&action=history | Indonesian | Spoken | 59 | 139 | Demonax maximus adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolong famili Cerambycidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Demonax, ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Larva kumbang ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada batang kayu hidup atau kayu yang telah ditebang.
Referensi
TITAN: Cerambycidae database. Tavakilian G., 25 Mei 2009
Demonax | 35,677 |
https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/87179 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | Andrew Sayers, Answers_Seeker, SPavel, Sergi Juanola, T. Sar, https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/25186, https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/29127, https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/62552, https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/65857, https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/66161 | English | Spoken | 1,890 | 2,370 | Show the commitment I have for the company
TL;DR
I work on many projects at the same time, but my boss feels that since I don't meet the deadlines on the main one, I'm not committed. I am probably more committed to the company than others, but since I have more projects in my bag to care about, the main one goes at a slower pace.
My boss will only look at specific results, not at global progress. Focusing just on the main project means causing problems to the clients and the rest of the employees.
How can I convince my boss that my commitment is real, or understand his idea of commitment?
Background
I had a meeting where my manager and the boss told me I am not committed to my project. The thing is that after 5 months working there I was switched to another role. Even then, I still had enough knowledge to work on both sides, so from time to time I had tasks from my previous role as well. This, along with other projects that have appeared over the time (colleagues going on holidays and I taking that one, "projects-that-look-pretty-much-like-what-you-did-in-your-last-job-so-it-should-be-easy-for-you", abandoned old projects from previous employees), has been my everyday for more than 3 years. My project, though, is just one, if we consider what my contact card says.
Anyway, my manager knows I'm in many different projects. He's actually pleased because I have a cross knowledge of many parts of the company. My boss also knows I do different stuff, but to him, it only represents 5% of my every day (despite the largest bulk of tasks come from him). I'd say it is not 5%, but rather 60%.
This causes my project milestones to be less on time than others, while I achieve many small tasks that anyway help solving errors or help others finish their projects.
My boss and my manager base their assumptions on the work logs we present monthly. Since my main project takes longer to finish in favor of other stuff, it looks like I'm less committed than the rest, and I should pay more attention to my projects. I have, for a week, played the "This is not my problem" card to any person that came with problems, but to me, this is actually less committed than anything else.
I've done migrations at home on my own from 2am to 6am (to avoid users being disturbed), coming the next day at 9:30am to work. I've come on Saturday when everything was messed up by an upper decision. I've postponed my holidays to finish a project my boss considered "it should be already out". Even this meeting forced me to deal with a train delay of 3 hours (where my manager was already warned and I had the permission to leave early). Yet this means no commitment to the boss. Enough to say, I'm the only one doing these kind of things.
How could I put in my boss' perspective of commitment, when I already feel committed?
First of all, you'll maybe need to review your reporting in order to be able to highlight the time spent on a task and why you priorized it. Accept to help others only if you are on time on the project you are responsible of. If there is ever a meeting in which they contest your commitment, stick to the facts and avoid going into emotional/philosophical expression.
@JoeStrazzere Yeah well. Based on his principle, I'd be 100% dedicated on my project, no matter what comes from (even his own) new projects. Yet he wants his projects to be done with priority as well. We're all a little bit complicated.
@Answers_Seeker I hope the first tl;dr block is straight to the point enough
@Korcholis : Already read, I'll rephrase : "My boss will only look at specific results, not at global progress"=> What specific results is he looking at ? How can you improve those specific metrics that he monitors ? How could you integrate the time spent helping into those metrics or a metric that would be relevant to your boss ?
@Answers_Seeker that's where the background comes in handy. His metrics are around "the main project is finished or not". He won't care about other projects (fixing an error a colleague found, helping out another team...). Improving those results for my boss involve decreasing the quality towards other people, primarily. The problem comes when these other people actually work with you and money that comes in also depends on the issues that are fixed and the colleagues that work swiftly. I'd move these tasks to another, but my manager already said it's nice I'm so able to do many things.
I am in a similar position to you - I was hired as a specialist, and am the only one that can do the thing I do in the company, yet many projects need my help on small things pretty much all the time. It is tempting to help everybody, but you must resist.
You are responsible for the project that has been assigned to you, what you refer to as your main project. You are not responsible for the other projects, even if it's your boss that asks you to help out, even if your manager compliments you on helping out. You are not responsible for the company's cash flow.
If 60% of your day is spent on helping others, something is wrong.
Speak frankly to your boss
You and your boss need to be on the same page when it comes to key metrics. Outline what you have been doing - helping others, a lot. Tell him that you understand that he wants you to focus on the main project. Tell him that in the future, you will focus on that project and consider secondary requests to be less important.
This step is very important, because it shows your boss that you understand what he's been saying to you, and that you are interested in improving. It's also a good opportunity to clarify some things - for example, if you are frequently tapped by a particular team, your boss can coordinate with that team lead to see if there's a more formal alternative that can give you the credit you deserve.
Handle requests for help intelligently
Let's say that you are working on an important deadline for Project Unicorn, and a colleague asks for help on Project Walrus. Remember - Project Unicorn, as far as you are concerned, is the priority to you. Tell your colleague:
I am working on a deadline, and...
I will be able to help you on Monday.
Janice on the 4th floor is an expert on this sort of thing and will be glad to help you out.
please speak to my boss - if your task is urgent, he will help me prioritize.
Note that you should not stop helping people! Just dial back the amount of help to the 5% your boss expects from you, and offer to help only when it does not interfere with your own priorities.
If it's an unrelated request from your own boss, always ask what is more important - your current task or this other task. If this new small task is more important, then you have the perfect explanation for why your other project is behind.
Call in your favours
You spend 60% of your day helping other people catch up with their workload. This must have built substantial social capital with your colleagues! I would be shocked if you couldn't get one of them to help you when it's your work that's fallen behind. If you can't get anyone to help you after you've helped them this much, it might be an eye-opening moment for you.
Asking what task you should do first is an excellent reminder for a boss that you are actually busy.
@Tsar and SPavel, funny that you say, heh. He has clearly stated we don't bother him with task priorities that would take an estimate of less than 2 hours and simply do them right away. As I mention to Andrew, this is a way to make us look less focused.
Also, something I don't mention (because the question ended up being too long), some of these other projects as side ones to my main one (say, newsletter campaigns promoting our service, server/backend management or assistance to our product-only customer service girl). So by taking less responsibility on these ones I'm actually decreasing the overall product value.
Forget the "product value." Focus on your own responsibility.
Your overall response is good, so I'll mark it as solved, but I don't support the last comment. I still think that product value is something one needs to take care of, even confronting the boss' decision if you feel that action may be counterproductive
As others have said, it may well be that your boss is politely asking you to keep your helping time down to the 5% he's happy with. Another possibility is that you haven't given him enough raw data to make a chart and justify to his boss why your project is behind schedule.
One solution is to loop him in to the requests you're helping with. If your company works mainly by e-mail, maybe CC your boss on requests, and have your final e-mail say something like "hey boss, for the record, that was X hours of work"? Or if people just walk up to your desk, how about asking them to get your boss to OK the request before you work on it?
A minor speedbump like this might be enough to make people build up their own skills and use less of your time. Or it might give your boss the data he needs. But be prepared for him to ask you more directly to limit your helping time. Maybe agree with him specific times you're available to help others, or start holding brown bag lectures, or write your knowledge up on the company wiki?
Hi Andrew, yep, I proposed already writing stuff to the wiki/bug tracking system and to make peer learning sessions, but that may still take months to be settled (both fell in the low priority side, for once! So funny it turns out to be these tasks). Also, the boss keeps telling us that any task that's under 2 hours, should be done right away, no priority assignation needed. This is an oblivious way to make people look less productive, IMHO
Assuming you work 40 hours a week, a single 2 hour request would count for 5% of your time. The cynic in me says your manager has parlayed their poor maths skills into a way of avoiding hard decisions. He might see the light if you make a graph of actual time spent on side jobs, otherwise you might have to ask to be moved under another boss.
Ahhhhhh if it was that easy. My boss is the boss. The CEO (the company is really flat. There are only 2 management levels: my boss, my manager, then me). Being moved under another boss means looking for another job. And well, we've tried to make him understand that by placing small tasks in front of the rest, the overall becomes impossible to handle.
| 49,817 |
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinemannia%20laspeyrella | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Heinemannia laspeyrella | https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heinemannia laspeyrella&action=history | German | Spoken | 476 | 997 | Heinemannia laspeyrella ist ein Schmetterling (Nachtfalter) aus der Familie der Grasminiermotten (Elachistidae).
Merkmale
Die Falter erreichen eine Flügelspannweite von 17 bis 21 Millimeter. Der Kopf ist hellgelb, der Thorax gelb. Die Tegulae sind dunkel graubraun und innen gelb eingefasst. Die Vorderflügel sind tiefgelb und haben einen dunkelbraunen Costalstrich, der zur Flügelspitze fahler wird. Ein dunkelbrauner ovaler Fleck befindet sich vor der Flügelmitte, er reicht vom Costalstrich bis fast zur Costalfalte. Ein Büschel dunkelbrauner abstehender Schuppen befindet sich oberhalb und unterhalb der Costalfalte. Ein dunkelbrauner Fleck mit einem Schuppenbüschel in der Mitte ist am Innenwinkel ausgebildet. Die Basis des Costalstrichs, die beiden dunkelbraunen Flecke und die Schuppenbüschel sind sehr eng weiß umrandet. Die Fransenschuppen sind graubraun. Die Hinterflügel schimmern dunkel graubraun.
Bei den Männchen fehlt der Uncus; die Gnathos-Arme sind sehr kurz und enden in großen Blasen, die mit Stachelreihen bedeckt sind. Das Tegumen ist lang und distal verengt. Die Valven sind lang, an der Basis breit und in der Mitte schmal. Die Spitze ist abgerundet. Die Anellus-Lappen sind groß und ungefähr halb so lang wie die Valven. Sie verjüngen sich distal und haben an der Spitze einige stumpfe Stacheln. Der Aedeagus ist lang, schmal, röhrenförmig und leicht gekrümmt. H. laspeyrella kann von Heinemannia festivella und Heinemannia albidorsella anhand der Gnathos-Arme unterschieden werden. Diese haben fast dieselbe Breite wie der distale Teil der Valven. Der Aedeagus ist in der Vesica mit Stachelreihen besetzt.
Bei den Weibchen sind die Papillae anales lang und schmal. Die Apophyses posteriores sind etwa ein Viertel länger als die Apophyses anteriores. Das Ostium ist breit und becherförmig. Das Antrum ist mit einem Paar kurzer sklerotisierter Stege versehen. Der Ductus bursae ist lang und schmal und zum Corpus bursae leicht geweitet. Der breiteste Teil ist mehr oder weniger granuliert. Das achte Tergit ist rechteckig und ungefähr anderthalbmal so lang wie breit. Der Einmündungsbereich von Ductus bursae und Corpus bursae ist sehr fein granuliert. Das Corpus bursae ist eiförmig und besitzt kein Signum.
Ähnliche Arten
Bei H. laspeyrella sind Kopf und Thorax gelb. In Verbindung mit den tiefgelben Vorderflügeln kann die Art so von Heinemannia festivella und Heinemannia albidorsella unterschieden werden.
Verbreitung
Heinemannia laspeyrella ist in Nord-, Mittel- und Osteuropa beheimatet. Im Osten reicht das Verbreitungsgebiet bis in den Ural und den Süden Sibiriens.
Biologie
Die Raupen wurden an der Erbsenartigen Platterbse (Lathyrus pisiformis), der Frühlings-Platterbse (Orobus vernus) und Klee-Arten (Trifolium) nachgewiesen. Falter wurden an Schwärzender Platterbse (Lathyrus niger) gefangen. Die Raupen entwickeln sich von Juli bis zur ersten Augusthälfte und fressen in den Samenhülsen. Dabei können bis zu sechs Raupen in einer Hülse leben. Die erwachsenen Raupen überwintern in der Rinde benachbarter Bäume. Die Art bildet nur eine Generation pro Jahr, die Falter fliegen von Mitte Mai bis Anfang Juli.
Systematik
Aus der Literatur ist das folgende Synonym bekannt:
Tinea laspeyrella , 1796
Quellen
Einzelnachweise
Weblinks
Lepiforum e. V. Taxonomie und Fotos
Grasminiermotten
Elachistidae | 15,687 |
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%20%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%20%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Оробець Юлія Василівна | https://uk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Оробець Юлія Василівна&action=history | Ukrainian | Spoken | 171 | 535 | Ю́лія Васи́лівна Оробе́ць (10 липня 1995) — українська паверліфтерка, кандидатка в майстри спорту.
Тренується у родині: заслужений тренер України Василь Оробець та майстриня спорту міжнародного класу Інна Оробець.
Станом на 2014 рік — студентка інституту економіки і менеджменту Національного університету «Львівська політехніка».
Спортивні досягнення
у вересні 2013 року здобула срібну нагороду на Чемпіонаті світу серед юніорів, що проходив в штаті Техас.
в грудні 2013 року за один день встановила чотири силові рекорди України серед дівчат — під час Чемпіонату України з паверліфтингу серед студентів ВНЗ, що відбувся в Коломиї — у присіданні підняла 172,5 кг, в жимі лежачи — 98 кг, становій тязі — 160,5 кг, в сумі підняла 431 кг.
в грудні 2014 року здобула Кубок України з паверліфтингу, вагова категорія до 72 кг, сума в триборстві 440 кг.
Примітки
Джерела
Студентка ІНЕМ Львівської політехніки Юлія Оробець перемогла в Кубку України з пауерліфтингу
Коломийська ліфтерка Юлія Оробець привезла срібло зі США
Коломийська спортсменка Юлія Оробець про чотири рекорди за день
Українські пауерліфтерки
Спортсмени Коломиї
Кандидати в майстри спорту з пауерліфтингу | 22,964 |
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E5%9F%BA | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 约尼·迈基 | https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=约尼·迈基&action=history | Chinese | Spoken | 8 | 215 | 约尼·迈基（，），芬兰越野滑雪运动员。他在2022年冬季奥林匹克运动会及2021年世界北歐式滑雪錦標賽上获得男子团体竞速银牌。
参考文献
芬兰男子越野滑雪运动员
芬兰奥运越野滑雪运动员
2022年冬季奧林匹克運動會越野滑雪運動員
2022年冬季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主
芬蘭奧林匹克運動會銀牌得主
奧林匹克運動會越野滑雪獎牌得主 | 41,354 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keams%20Canyon%2C%20Arizona | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Keams Canyon, Arizona | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keams Canyon, Arizona&action=history | English | Spoken | 513 | 795 | Keams Canyon (Hopi: Pongsikya or Pongsikvi; ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Navajo County, Arizona, United States, on the Hopi Reservation. The population was 304 at the 2010 census.
Pongsikya is a narrow box canyon that is named after a plant of edible greens that survived along the seasonal stream that drains from Antelope Mesa and flows through the three mile long canyon.
Here William Keam, and then his cousin Thomas Keam, operated a trading post during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. They served the Navajo Indians and opened the door to commercial trade for the Hopi Indians. The nearest trading post was some fifty miles away and Keam's trading post was 13 miles east of the Hopi Indian's settlements on First Mesa.
With the opportunity for full year round trade nearby, the regional Indians quickly identified the canyon with the traders and the name Keams Canyon took hold.
Geography
Keams Canyon is located at (35.812849, -110.204154).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 260 people, 74 households, and 44 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 106 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 7.7% White, 0.4% Black or African American, 89.6% Native American, and 2.3% from two or more races. 1.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 74 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.4% were married couples living together, 20.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.2% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.56.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 35.8% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 3.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 124.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 135.7 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,694, and the median income for a family was $36,111. Males had a median income of $28,889 versus $35,272 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,619. About 10.5% of families and 23.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.6% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
Education
The Cedar Unified School District serves Keams Canyon. The closed White Cone High School (2005-2012) was in the district and town.
The tribal (affiliated with the Bureau of Indian Education) and open Hopi Junior/Senior High School is also located in Keams Canyon.
References
Census-designated places in Navajo County, Arizona
Census-designated places in Arizona
Hopi Reservation | 41,771 |
https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Раятэ | https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Раятэ&action=history | Belarusian | Spoken | 49 | 193 | Раятэ () — камуна ў Італіі, размяшчаецца ў рэгіёне Лацыё, падпарадкоўваецца адміністрацыйнаму цэнтру Рым.
Насельніцтва складае 775 чалавек (2008 г.), шчыльнасць насельніцтва складае 75 чал./км². Займае плошчу 10 км². Паштовы індэкс — 30. Тэлефонны код — 06.
Заступнікам населенага пункта лічыцца святы Сальватор.
Дэмаграфія
Дынаміка насельніцтва:
Камуны правінцыі Рым | 17,823 |
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