bobox/custom-pooler-marginmse-v0
Sentence Similarity • 0.6B • Updated • 1
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Why is depth perception easier with 2 eyes but worse with 1? | Depth perception is given by the brain perceiving the difference between the image of the 2 eyes. If an image is further away, there is less difference between the image the right eye sees and the image the left eye sees. The closer it is the more the image is different. Imagine a twig. Very far away you will see it th... | It's not really that different. Your field of vision is wider, but your eyes automatically combine the images so other than that it's similar. If I close one eye, the image is about 25% narrower but other than that not a huge difference. Depth perception only works with two eyes, but depth perception is subtle and only... | It's not really that different. Your field of vision is wider, but your eyes automatically combine the images so other than that it's similar. If I close one eye, the image is about 25% narrower but other than that not a huge difference. Depth perception only works with two eyes, but depth perception is subtle and only... | Because you have two eyes. When they're looking at the same thing, your brain can merge the image. When you're focusing on something different, you're actually seeing two different images. | Exactly the same way that we can perceive depth with our vision, with parallax. Notice that when you look at something close to your face, you go cross-eyed. Your brain measures the difference in angle between your eyes. If they are pointing straight forward, then your brain knows the object is far away, if your eyes a... | Scientific answer: It is because of the crossing fibers in the optic chiasm and in the posterior commissure: visual input from one eye thus reaches the Edinger-Westphal (EW) nucleus on both sides. See "optical reflex" here: _URL_0_ TLDR; The correct answer is that the threshold for "too much light" is determined by the... | [
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How do snails get their shells without being near the ocean? | Shells don't simply come from the sea, they're grown by secreting their material. Snails grow their own shells. | There is a sea snail that does this: _URL_0_ | There is a sea snail that does this: _URL_0_ | It's because of air bouncing around. Think about how you can hear the wind because it moves things around and even if there's nothing to move, you can hear it whistling past buildings or thumping into walls. Well, even a tiny breeze makes noise but usually it's so quiet we can't hear it or don't notice. That's where t... | If i recall correctly, snails are super sensitive to touch and have relatively many pain/heat/cold receptors in thier skin. | The shell is redirecting ambient noise in toward your ear, you get the same effect by listening to the inside of a cup. The similarity with the breaking of a wave is that it is also basically random noise. | [
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How is the diameter of Mars 53% the size of Earth's but the surface area in only 38% of Earth's? | The surface area is actually only 28% of Earth's. The forumula for the surface area of a sphere is 4 * pi * r². So if r = .53, r² = .28 | [Mars](_URL_0_) has a mean density of 3.933 g/cm compared to 5.514 g/cm3 for [Earth](_URL_2_). The radius of Mars at 2,106 mi is slightly over half of Earth's radius 3,959 mi. Thus the ratios of their volumes is 2106^3 / 3959^3 = [0.15](_URL_1_). So since Mars is about 30% less dense than Earth and has 15% of the volum... | [Mars](_URL_0_) has a mean density of 3.933 g/cm compared to 5.514 g/cm3 for [Earth](_URL_2_). The radius of Mars at 2,106 mi is slightly over half of Earth's radius 3,959 mi. Thus the ratios of their volumes is 2106^3 / 3959^3 = [0.15](_URL_1_). So since Mars is about 30% less dense than Earth and has 15% of the volum... | Mars The large canyon, Valles Marineris (Latin for "Mariner Valleys", also known as Agathadaemon in the old canal maps), has a length of 4,000 km (2,500 mi) and a depth of up to 7 km (4.3 mi). The length of Valles Marineris is equivalent to the length of Europe and extends across one-fifth the circumference of Mars. By... | Timekeeping on Mars The average length of a Martian sidereal day is 24 h 37 m 22.663 s (88,642.66300 seconds based on SI units), and the length of its solar day (often called a sol) is 24 h 39 m 35.244147 s (88,775.244147 seconds). The corresponding values for Earth are 23 h 56 m 4.0916 s and 24h 00 m 00.002 s, respect... | That's because it is extremely close to being a sphere. There is a difference of about [30 km](_URL_2_) between the minimum and maximum points on the surface, a lot of which is attributed to the fact that the Earth is [oblate](_URL_0_). 30 km on 6371 km is less than [half a percent variation](_URL_1_), so it'd be hard ... | [
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What was the Whig Party like? Can it be compared to any modern-day political parties? | Can someone answer this question, except regarding the British Whig party? | Some Federalists in New England conspired to secede from the union during the War of 1812. Federalists were seen as traitors, and thus that party lost its support. The Whigs were a loose party built around anti-Jacksonian principles. The party was by no means cohesive, and when the issue of slavery came to the forefron... | Some Federalists in New England conspired to secede from the union during the War of 1812. Federalists were seen as traitors, and thus that party lost its support. The Whigs were a loose party built around anti-Jacksonian principles. The party was by no means cohesive, and when the issue of slavery came to the forefron... | Short answer: Domestic politics The Whig party was extremely opposed to the war, since they viewed it as an unjust land grab. They also felt that President Polk went around Congress to start it. So even after the US won a military victory, the Whigs were pushing for a "no land" victory, where the US would get the dispu... | The US uses a first past the post winner take all voting structure for our representatives in most States, and for the Presidency. As such that means that you will always have a primary party that wins often, and their primary challenger. Now these positions can and have changed over time (the Republicans replaced the ... | Historically, the paper was not overtly pro-Tory or Whig, but has been a long time bastion of the English Establishment and empire. | [
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If dogs and/or cats have hearing far more sensitive than a human, why doesn't it deafen them when we yell? | This has to do with the way the cochlea works, and the dynamic compression it introduces to the incoming sound before entering the brain. Dogs and cats are better at percieving low level sounds because the cochlea is better able to pick up on a wider dynamic range. In other words, low level sounds will be more audible ... | The dog or cat in question has a bark/meow/howl that sounds, to the human ear like 'I love you', because we humans are primed to hear words. To the animal this particular bark/howl/meow means absolutely nothing. It is just a funny sound they can make that gets them loads of positive attention. Many pets are suckers for... | The dog or cat in question has a bark/meow/howl that sounds, to the human ear like 'I love you', because we humans are primed to hear words. To the animal this particular bark/howl/meow means absolutely nothing. It is just a funny sound they can make that gets them loads of positive attention. Many pets are suckers for... | Probably. Just as in the other two examples, you can only sense what you have receptors for. For example, humans can't see UV light because our rods/cones don't respond to those wavelengths of light, but [other species](_URL_0_) have receptors that do! Similarly, we may not have receptors that can respond to everything... | Nobody really knows an exact answer, but there are a few theories. One states that we cry out or groan in pain as an alert to others. Another suggests that yelling creates noise, which takes the emphasis of the pain away in our brains. Another theory is that it is meant to intimidate or scare whatever harmed you. These... | Because we process in kin with our ability to defend ourselves. Animals do not have the same abilities. This is the reason why we cringe when a child is slapped or someone assaults an elderly person. | [
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What does it mean to estimate pi | Pi is an infinitely long not repeating decimal. 3.14 is an estimate to the hundredth position. 3.14159 is an estimate to the 100000th position. All finite representations of pi are estimations, and the work of calculating the next digit is to "estimate pi to a greater degree of accuracy." | The numbers don't have to have a physical correspondence to nevertheless reflect physical reality. Pi is not negligible, it's a derived ratio. It's required to make the math work. It represents a relationship between certain quantities. That's the whole point of these constants - they were determined based on relation... | The numbers don't have to have a physical correspondence to nevertheless reflect physical reality. Pi is not negligible, it's a derived ratio. It's required to make the math work. It represents a relationship between certain quantities. That's the whole point of these constants - they were determined based on relation... | The other explanation is already very good. Pi is circumference divided by diameter. You can just measure both values for a small circle and divide them and you get Pi. Now if you know one measurement of any circle, you don't have to take the other measurement anymore, you can just derive it with a formula. **No one ev... | Pi is not infinite. It is irrational. And, well pi is the ratio of the circle's circumference to it's diameter. It's not like anyone invented it. However, historically many people have made closer and closer approximations to the value of pi, but while some of these attempts date back to antiquity, pi was only proven ... | Using series expansions (many of them are available for pi, or e). Using calculus, we can establish a relationship between the decimal points of say, pi and the number of terms that we use in the series expansion. So the task of finding the value of pi to a certain decimal level of accuracy becomes one of finding the n... | [
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Since the creation of coffeehouses followed the siege of Vienna, why aren’t coffee products globally described in German, rather than Italian? How did Italian become the language of coffee products? | > Since the creation of coffeehouses followed the siege of Vienna Where can I learn more about this? I've never heard this before. | Not before 1492. Although coffee is a major cash crop in Latin America today, it is an Old World product probably native to east Africa. It did not really see much use in Europe until the 17th c., although it had been popular in the Arab and Islamic world for many centuries. Its European popularity increased dramatical... | Not before 1492. Although coffee is a major cash crop in Latin America today, it is an Old World product probably native to east Africa. It did not really see much use in Europe until the 17th c., although it had been popular in the Arab and Islamic world for many centuries. Its European popularity increased dramatical... | Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. | It didn't die out, really. The people of the Roman Empire spoke Vulgar Latin, which later evolved into what we call the [Romance languages](_URL_1_): French, Italian, Spanish, Romanian, and Portuguese. The reason for this is simple language change. Languages aren't really a concrete thing, they really only exist in the... | Grappa In Italy, grappa is primarily served as a digestivo or after-dinner drink. Its main purpose is to aid in the digestion of heavy meals. Grappa may also be added to espresso coffee to create a caffè corretto, meaning "corrected" coffee. Another variation of this is the ammazzacaffè ("coffee-killer"): the espresso ... | [
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Why are vehicles built that under and/or oversteer? | most vehicles don't oversteer from the factory, that's a dangerous thing for the average driver understeer makes the driver realize they are going too fast and they react by slowing down, especially with audible feedback from the tires. for an average driver understeer is much safer and easier to control | Oversteer is when the back tyres loses grip. This is usually wanted in racing as the back tyres are constantly spinning while you're turning and so that you don't lose too much speed while in a turn and letting you exit while still at a constant speed. Pretty much what drifting is. Understeer basically is when the fro... | Oversteer is when the back tyres loses grip. This is usually wanted in racing as the back tyres are constantly spinning while you're turning and so that you don't lose too much speed while in a turn and letting you exit while still at a constant speed. Pretty much what drifting is. Understeer basically is when the fro... | There are several reasons, such as: - ground clearance. Smaller planes may be too low to the ground for underwing engines. - Noise reduction. Engines near the tail makes the cabin much more quiet for the passengers. - Underwing engines are usually easier to check/maintain. - Engines closer to the center of the plan... | I'd imagine it's due to some combination of cost reduction (car companies are *incredibly* stingy lol), improving airflow without causing the annoying buffeting effect inside the vehicle, and the simple fact that the rear wheels of a minivan are right under the third row windows, so those windows couldn't roll down all... | You'd have to somehow get power to the wheels. Cars use something called a CV joint that allows the driveshaft to bend as the wheel turn or the suspension moves. A CV joint works well for the smallish angles that you can get with conventional steering, but it won't allow you to turn the wheel 90º. You'd also have to ma... | [
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How do Hippos run so quickly, not just underwater, but on land too with so much body weight and such small legs? | They can't do it for very long. Hippos can outrun you for maybe a few hundred feet before they need to rest. Just stay out of that range and you should be good. | Penguins have knees, they just have very very short legs, with their knees tucked underneath their long bodies. Penguins have disproportionately long and heavy bodies because they do not fly (and as a result cannot fly because of their long and heavy bodies). They need these bodies to survive in the cold, and their fas... | Penguins have knees, they just have very very short legs, with their knees tucked underneath their long bodies. Penguins have disproportionately long and heavy bodies because they do not fly (and as a result cannot fly because of their long and heavy bodies). They need these bodies to survive in the cold, and their fas... | They basically learn to run a new way, a way where you pick up your knees and actually PUSH against the ground, not simply skipping over it like we all do when we run. High turnover is a must. | Their speed is mostly for catching insects. They avoid predators using camouflage and hiding rather than speed generally. | Two big reasons. The first, lesser, reason, is that evolutionary inertia constrains body plans. So, to a small degree for the same reason that bats and horses have the same bone plans, just modified. The bigger reason, is that sensory organs are located near the brain (which is in the head) in order to reduce the dista... | [
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What's sticking around when a cast iron pan is being "seasoned"? | Hey OP, interesting question, as a chemist who enjoys cooking with my trusty cast iron skillet I had a great time looking into this for you. It was particularly difficult to find any scientific peer-reviews material on this topic but a company called Lodge that produces cast iron cookware has some great information on ... | IMHO it has nothing to do with the oil in the pan. I have my grandmother's skillet [probably 50+ years old.] I clean it with sea salt. I think it has to do with heat dispersal; that the iron transmits the heat more evenly than other materials. The food cooks evenly. | IMHO it has nothing to do with the oil in the pan. I have my grandmother's skillet [probably 50+ years old.] I clean it with sea salt. I think it has to do with heat dispersal; that the iron transmits the heat more evenly than other materials. The food cooks evenly. | Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year. | It is called Wave Interference or an Interference Pattern. It is similar to why soup bubbles or oil on water looks to have a rainbow coloring. As the metal heats up it expands but on a microscopic level. Since the heating is uneven this causes ridges to form on the surface that are small enough to cause the light refle... | When the meat heats up the a lot of the fit in it liquidates (or renders). This loss of fat causes the meat to shrink and is responsible for the additional oil on the bottom of the pan | [
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Was there ever a plan to exterminate Native Americans? | Did the US ever attempt the systematic genocide of Native American people? No. Did the US: * Make treaties with tribes and then dishonor them and end up forcing the natives onto reservations where they would have no economic opportunity? * consistently make war with tribes in the US' relentless push Westward? * Intenti... | Hi there -- while you wait for more comprehensive answers, you may be interested in [this thread](_URL_0_), where u/snapshot52 goes into detail about the genocides committed against native Americans, including their removals from their land (e.g. the various groups removed in the Trail of Tears). | Hi there -- while you wait for more comprehensive answers, you may be interested in [this thread](_URL_0_), where u/snapshot52 goes into detail about the genocides committed against native Americans, including their removals from their land (e.g. the various groups removed in the Trail of Tears). | The Indian Removal Act simply gave the federal government permission to propose treaties to Native Americans for them to sign, giving up their lands. The government would oftentimes offer cheap terms, which would be signed by one faction of a tribe. Most of the tribes did not recognize the signed treaties as official, ... | And adding to what /u/blur2010 and /u/arkadye have already said, they didn't just speak plain Navajo. The code talkers were trained to speak a kind of phonetic alphabet with Navajo words representing the English letters, and they spelled out words letter-by-letter this way. Common military words were given Navajo code ... | Today's population of indigenous native americans don't really have a "pure" gene pool in a way that your question can be answered meaningfully. No such data is likely to be available as smallpox was eradicated in the US in 1949 and world wide 40 years ago. | [
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Why has Traditional Chinese Medicine survived into modern times but not Traditional Korean/Vietnamese/Japanese medicine? | I think the question might be better worded as "why has Chinese medicine become so well-known internationally, and not Korean/Japanese/Vietnamese?" | Traditional Chinese Medicine uses herbs and powders and other natural ingredients to cure various ailments. They believe it will cure things such as impotence or even cancer. So, there's high demand for these items. | Traditional Chinese Medicine uses herbs and powders and other natural ingredients to cure various ailments. They believe it will cure things such as impotence or even cancer. So, there's high demand for these items. | Hi, some ideas since you haven't received answers here: you may try one of the translation subs, /r/translation or /r/translate IIRC, or a Chinese regional sub, or one specializing in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). If you live near a Chinese community, you might also try a herbalist or TCM practitioner. | Confucius', I believe. The Chinese have traditionally been meticulous about keeping their family records, although the majority were destroyed in the Cultural Revolution. The descendants of Confucius fled to Taiwan, saving their lineage. Also, I believe they are the only noble family that wasn't stripped of their title... | The **current** simplified Chinese is the Chinese government's attempt to simplify the written Chinese language so it can become easier to learn and reduce illiteracy, while the **current** traditional characters are the character set used since around the early 1900's and they are used mainly in regions such as Taiwan... | [
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What keeps the oxygen all over the earth from bursting into flames? | First off, oxygen itself doesn't actually burn, oxygen *facilitates burning* for other things. In order to have a flame you need something that oxidizes (like oxygen) and something that *can be oxidized* (like wood, metal, etc). Second, most things require a certain temperature before they will actually sustain burnin... | Nothing. On Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune there's no oxygen (O2) to sustain combustion. I doubt your match would even light in the first place. Oxygen binds very readily with hydrogen and carbon to produce water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which are more stable than diatomic oxygen. I only know of one mecha... | Nothing. On Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune there's no oxygen (O2) to sustain combustion. I doubt your match would even light in the first place. Oxygen binds very readily with hydrogen and carbon to produce water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which are more stable than diatomic oxygen. I only know of one mecha... | It's air pressure. When the stove is completely open, air pressure is roughly equalized so oxygen being burned is immediately replenished. When the door is only slightly open, the fire is using up the oxygen in the oven causing an area of low pressure, so the atmosphere outside of the oven "rushes in" to attempt to equ... | It's a mix of plant matter and minerals (sand, rocks, etc). Lots of different organisms help break down plant matter, including fungi. Fun fact: For several hundred million years nothing on Earth could digest cellulose, which is what trees are made of. So when trees fell, they didn't rot, they just *stayed there*. Huge... | Because water is the ash from the burning of hydrogen. First, oxygen is not a fuel, it's an oxidizer. Any kind of burning is an oxidation reaction, the combining of a fuel (hydrogen, in this case) with oxygen. The reaction gives off energy, which means that the combination of hydrogen and oxygen is a lower-energy state... | [
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If humans as a race prevented all those with genetically related physical or psychological shortcomings from reproducing, in several generations would there be a marked improvement in the overall health of mankind? | Difficult to say. Genetics are complicated; not all congenital diseases (that is, diseases you have from birth) are passed to offspring. As well, not all genetic diseases show obviously until much later in life, or maybe not at all (but can still be passed on to offspring). At the end of the day, while a eugenics prog... | It could be. Certain speciation scenarios could lead to a bottleneck or founder effect. An example of this is [peripatric speciation](_URL_0_). The smaller founding population represents only a subset of the genetic variation sampled from the parent population, so this could potentially be detrimental. But keep in mind... | It could be. Certain speciation scenarios could lead to a bottleneck or founder effect. An example of this is [peripatric speciation](_URL_0_). The smaller founding population represents only a subset of the genetic variation sampled from the parent population, so this could potentially be detrimental. But keep in mind... | There is none, really. Contrary to Puritan-stained myths, it would actually take several generations of DIRECT inbreeding (meaning father/daughter, sister/brother, etc.) to see consitent issues. Look at the monarchs of Europe. They're inbred over CENTURIES and largely remain healthy individuals, though they are prone t... | In the Selfish Gene Dawkins speculated this would be possible by segregating a society (on an island for instance) and then only allowing child birth after the age of 40. After 100 years of this the age for child birth would be moved up to 50 and so on. The implications of this would be 1. The age a woman stays fertile... | There were different [species of humans](_URL_0_), but we've outcompeted or outbred them. Given enough time, we could begin to speciate again, but at this point there is so much interbreding that it's hard to really say that, in the long run, any group of humans will be isolated enough for long enough to speciate. | [
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Why do we not have 4 year community colleges? | At least in the US, it's basically by definition. A "Community College" is also known as a junior college and generally only offer up to 2 year degrees or certifications. If they offered 4 year degrees they would then not be community college's anymore, and would be Universities. | It's a 2 year college based in a specific county. Generally only residents of the county it's based in can attend the community college. You can get an associate's degree there or transfer out to a 4 year college/university. Unfortunately they've gotten bad publicity of late because it's seen as low class to go to com... | It's a 2 year college based in a specific county. Generally only residents of the county it's based in can attend the community college. You can get an associate's degree there or transfer out to a 4 year college/university. Unfortunately they've gotten bad publicity of late because it's seen as low class to go to com... | It's a requirement for their degree, so most colleges I'm familiar with would treat it similar to a failed class. As long as they're still in good standing with the college and haven't exceeded the total deadline (usually 7 years) to complete the degree, they'll get another chance. However, this could vary by school. | Because the college decided that in order to give you that degree you have to meet certain standards. You can almost always view those standards before you go to the college. You can probably find a college which doesn't require that if you looked into it. They do it because they consider a well rounded person better e... | Sweet Briar College, a small women’s school in Virginia, announced last week that it will close in August. Students, faculty, staff and alumnae were caught by surprise. The college’s president, James Jones, announced that enrollment was down and the college couldn’t cover its expenses. Fifty years ago... | [
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What did people have for breakfast in the 1920's | They were similar to continental breakfasts, with coffee and bread. Oatmeal was still pretty big in the north, while grits were the thing in the south. Orange juice was pretty commercialized at the time, so a wealthy family would have likely had orange juice. Bacon and Eggs were also a pretty normal meal at the time fo... | There is a debate to be had about the relative merits of breakfast, but the answer to your question is very clear: _URL_0_ > Our reverence for breakfast is actually relatively recent. Before the late 19th century in the US, breakfast didn’t have any particular importance ascribed to it. But all that was changed by a s... | There is a debate to be had about the relative merits of breakfast, but the answer to your question is very clear: _URL_0_ > Our reverence for breakfast is actually relatively recent. Before the late 19th century in the US, breakfast didn’t have any particular importance ascribed to it. But all that was changed by a s... | The staple foods were generally consumed around 11 o'clock, and consisted of bread, lettuce, cheese, fruits, nuts, and cold meat left over from the dinner the night before.[citation needed] | Traditionally breakfast was a large, hot, easy to prepare meal with lots of fat and carbs to give the energy you need to get through a day of physical labor. Lunch was a smaller, cold meal eaten during a short break. Supper was a meal eaten at leisure after a full day of work. Dinner was a large, elaborate hot meal tha... | Sugar became readily available. And the US is a major producer of corn so put the two together and you have a cheap product. Companies like General Mills started to fund television and started to advertise to children. Sugar wasn't a substantive part of cereal until the 1950s really only have first been add in the 1920... | [
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The whole situation with FIFA and Garcia. | Basically, there were persistent allegations of corruption surrounding FIFA's award of the 2018 World Cup to Russian and particularly the award of the 2022 World Cup to Qatar. Fairly significant evidence of corrupt payments was uncovered by the press, particularly in the UK. FIFA decided to commission an investigation... | Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO): FIFA an…: _URL_0_ This guy explains it well | Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO): FIFA an…: _URL_0_ This guy explains it well | They were taking bribes to give World Cup locations to countries with horrible human rights records. Qatar is basically a shit hole unless you're rich, and they only got it after paying fifa a whole lot of money. | The Desert Foxes are managerless following the shock resignation of Milovan Rajevac earlier this week.
Raouraoua told the FAF website: "I categorically state that we have never contacted Herve Renard and not even when he was unemployed about the Algeria coaching post.
"It is not our usual practice to contact a manager ... | Reports from the US suggest that Mr Blatter is being investigated by the FBI as part of a corruption inquiry.
He resigned in a surprise news conference on Tuesday night, but strongly denies any wrongdoing.
Mr Nelson said it was time for people within Fifa to begin to bring reform to the organisation.
US prosecutors lau... | [
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Why is it that, to the average American, Adolf Hitler is considered much more villainous than Joseph Stalin when Stalin killed millions more innocent citizens (than Hitler did) in concentration camps similar to the Holocaust? | Don't underestimate the power of propaganda from WWII. People hate Hitler because they were told to hate Hitler. He was the one killing THEIR sons on the battleground. Stalin was fighting to PROTECT their sons. Everyone hated Hitler, and loved, no... tolerated Stalin. It wasn't til after that people found out about the... | The thing you have to remember is that Hitler was relatively young when he wrote Mein Kampf he was in his mid 30s and it was more then 10 years before he came to power. Whilst he never repudiated the more extreme points in the book he didn't speak of them once he became a "respectable" politician. So most people though... | The thing you have to remember is that Hitler was relatively young when he wrote Mein Kampf he was in his mid 30s and it was more then 10 years before he came to power. Whilst he never repudiated the more extreme points in the book he didn't speak of them once he became a "respectable" politician. So most people though... | Hitler was viewed by many as a crackpot. Mein Kampf was really not very well written - I would say very poorly. But as to why he was not taken seriously, my feeling is that was more a problem of signal-to-noise ratio. In that era there were a number of quasi-militant groups, all tapping into the feeling of the times.... | Children have some "advantages" over adult soldiers. They're a lot easier to indoctrinate. Children generally lack more developed feelings of empathy. Once you get them killing they don't really seem to have a problem with it. Allied soldiers during WW2 said that the worst units to get captured by were the Hitler Yout... | Other deadlier events? The Holocaust killed 12 million people in a very intentional and systematic manner. They weren't "collateral damage" or anything like that, their deaths weren't side effects of war, people were methodically rounded up, arrested and sent to extermination camps to be shot or gassed to death, or lab... | [
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How do scientists come up with names of drugs such as diphenhydramine and benzodiazepine? | Some drugs can also be named after their chemical structure. For instance, acetaminophen's chemical structure name is "para-**acet**yl**aminophen**ol" | OP should know that the same can be said about a lot of drugs, especially those used to treat psychiatric or neurological disorders. As an earlier poster mentioned, serendipity is often how many were discovered. Amytryptiline was first tested as an antihistamine/decongestant. Viagra as a treatment for hypertension. The... | OP should know that the same can be said about a lot of drugs, especially those used to treat psychiatric or neurological disorders. As an earlier poster mentioned, serendipity is often how many were discovered. Amytryptiline was first tested as an antihistamine/decongestant. Viagra as a treatment for hypertension. The... | Generic drug Generic drug names are constructed using standardized affixes that distinguish drugs between and within classes and suggest their action. | "PM" medications usually contain diphenhydramine (Benadryl), a first-generation antihistamine that has the known side effect of making you drowsy. "Non-drowsy" medication are meant to distinguish themselves from this. | Many of the common anti-histamine drugs work by blocking histamine receptors in your body. Basically, it stops chemicals that would cause an allergic reaction from reacting with your body. However, a lot of these drugs also cause other chemical receptors from working correctly. The one we care about here is called *ace... | [
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Is this a meteorite ? | I do not think it is. You can look around this internet for more "Identifying meteorite" but [this one](_URL_0_) is fairly helpful with a step by step guide. Edit- the reason I don't think it is a meteorite is because of the white colored minerals on it, and the bubbles. However you may want a second opinion because I ... | Doesnt look like one; much too high silica content. Most meteorites have low (mafic - ultramafic) to very low (oxyde/sulphide) silica content. More likely a low- to medium-grade metamorphic rock (the pic could be clearer); perhaps a meta-sediment? | Doesnt look like one; much too high silica content. Most meteorites have low (mafic - ultramafic) to very low (oxyde/sulphide) silica content. More likely a low- to medium-grade metamorphic rock (the pic could be clearer); perhaps a meta-sediment? | It can and often does. In fact, an object isn't a meteor until it collides with Earth's atmosphere. Before then it's an asteroid or comet. | Meteoroid When a meteoroid, comet, or asteroid enters Earth's atmosphere at a speed typically in excess of 20 km/s (72,000 km/h; 45,000 mph), aerodynamic heating of that object produces a streak of light, both from the glowing object and the trail of glowing particles that it leaves in its wake. This phenomenon is call... | Hoba meteorite The Hoba[1] (/ˈhoʊbə/ HOH-bə) or Hoba West meteorite lies on the farm "Hoba West", not far from Grootfontein, in the Otjozondjupa Region of Namibia. It has been uncovered but, because of its large mass, has never been moved from where it fell. The main mass is estimated at more than 60 tonnes,[1] making ... | [
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Why isn't there any way for me to live without being ruled by some government? | [You can.](_URL_0_) If you live with any number of other humans you'll form some sort of a societal structure. Before long, you'll have yourself a primitive government. | Some people do not believe that governments do need to exist. THe government, through the implied threat of force & incarceration, forces you to pay taxes for things you may not approve of. You can *try* to refuse to pay taxes but, if they catch you, the government will either take what they say you owe them, throw you... | Some people do not believe that governments do need to exist. THe government, through the implied threat of force & incarceration, forces you to pay taxes for things you may not approve of. You can *try* to refuse to pay taxes but, if they catch you, the government will either take what they say you owe them, throw you... | You're asking if there is a law that says you have to follow the law? Think about that. It's a non sequitur. You have to follow the law because might makes right, the government has the might, and the 'social contract' is an assumed one if you live in a given jurisdiction. | > If 90-100% of people wanted meth-with its known negative effects-legalized how can the government still refuse? Because, in our government, the citizens do not have the power to actually enact such measures, except through Constitutional Amendments directly (and even that is a weird process that we've never really us... | In very poor countries, ordinary citizens are not secure. There is a lot of crime and an ineffective police/judicial system. Even basic things like electricity can't be relied on. So *in order to live a life similar to the life they have in a developed country*, they'll have to live in a house with high walls and secur... | [
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What happens to your vocal cords when you lose your voice? | Yo ho ho! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How does losing your voice work? ](_URL_9_) 1. [ELI5: What happens when you lose your voice? ](_URL_6_) 1. [ELI5: What happens when you "lose" your voice? ](_URL_8_) 1. [ELI5: What happens to our vocal chords when we lose our voice? ](_URL_... | You can think of your vocal cords as 2 "batwings" that are normally tucked away on either side of your trachea. When you want to talk, you unfold them so that they stick out from the sides a bit, but with enough space in between so that as air rushes past them they vibrate and generate a tone. You can stretch them tigh... | You can think of your vocal cords as 2 "batwings" that are normally tucked away on either side of your trachea. When you want to talk, you unfold them so that they stick out from the sides a bit, but with enough space in between so that as air rushes past them they vibrate and generate a tone. You can stretch them tigh... | During sleep, the vocal cords sit there unused and "loosen up" a bit because the muscles have been in a resting state so long. The effect is like loosening the tuning screw on a guitar string, the pitch shifts down a bit. | It's kind of similar how the rest of your body ages-slower movements and less strength. Pitch possibly may be reduced as your body ages, as well as the quality in all. Throughout puberty ages in males, the larynx tends to grow larger. They have a bit of a bigger change than a woman's larynx, making the pitch of a male ... | People don't hate the sound of their own voice. They hate how it sounds when it's recorded, and then played back to them. This is because, when you speak, the vibrations from the vocal cords in your throat get to your ears through the air, but also through your neck and skull bone. And you get used to how that sounds. ... | [
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Why is it pool water seems relatively cool when I enter, but then the air seems cooler still when I exit? (AND no, I didn't pee in the pool) | Pool water is relatively cool when you enter. When you exit, evaporative cooling takes place and makes you cooler. So both feelings are "right." | Water is much better than air (and a lot better than many other substances) at retaining heat. Oil, for instance, will heat a lot faster in a pan than the same amount of water will. It will also cool faster. So when in an ocean, a current or tide might take water that was warmer (for instances, water coming in from a s... | Water is much better than air (and a lot better than many other substances) at retaining heat. Oil, for instance, will heat a lot faster in a pan than the same amount of water will. It will also cool faster. So when in an ocean, a current or tide might take water that was warmer (for instances, water coming in from a s... | Your question is actually incorrect. If the temperature of the air and water are the same, and are cooler than your skin, the water will feel colder than the air. If the temperature of the air and the water are the same, and are warmer than your skin, the water will feel warmer than the air. This is because water trans... | the warm air cools down quickly. as it cools down, its volume goes down, and the pressure inside the freezer drops, making the door harder to open. after some time, "replacement" air comes in through the cooling system which functions by pumping and circulating cold air, which is why the effect disappears after a bit. | The water cools very quickly as it comes out of the shower head. To test this notice how nice and warm it is standing very close to the shower head and then sit or squat far away from it. You've moved yourself only a couple feet further away but the water will be noticeably colder. The smaller the volume of water the f... | [
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Why is the sound of heart beats so unsettling? | The sound of a heartbeat can also be meant as an indication of the fight-or-flight response, where your heart begins pumping harder as a means to get your body ready for a spurt of action (like being chased by a lion, or needing to fight off an attacker) when your body surges with norepinephrine. Because we often hear ... | You're feeling your [flight-or-fight response](_URL_1_), which (among other things) winds up releasing [adrenaline](_URL_0_) into your bloodstream. The sharp change in heart beat and breathing rate, as well as the dilation of blood vessels, can make you hyper-aware of your heart beat at the same time that it is changin... | You're feeling your [flight-or-fight response](_URL_1_), which (among other things) winds up releasing [adrenaline](_URL_0_) into your bloodstream. The sharp change in heart beat and breathing rate, as well as the dilation of blood vessels, can make you hyper-aware of your heart beat at the same time that it is changin... | Heart only contracts once per cardiac cycle. Contraction originates in the atria and then spreads over the ventricles. The reason you think it beats twice (ie lub-dub) is you've two heart sounds. S1 (lub) is your atrioventricular valves closing after contraction of the ventricles and S2 (dub) is your semi-lunar valves ... | Sort of. Sound is a mechanical oscillation, and mechanical oscillations can carry a ton of energy. The shock wave from large explosions is also a mechanical oscillation in the air, and is more than capable of killing and dismembering humans. The catch is, an oscillation of this type is not likely to be perceived by hum... | There's a phenomena called misophonia, that basically means hatred of sound. People that have this will experience various levels of distress, from mild discomfort to panic attacks to even uncontrollable physical outbursts. The brain usually registers the sound as painful or as a threat, and it triggers fight or flight... | [
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How are blood vessels, arteries, nerves, etc reattached up after surgery? | For major vessels, they sew them back together. This is a very tricky and difficult technique that typically requires a specialized vascular surgeon to ensure you get a tight seal that will heal correctly. Much more often they simply avoid these major vessels during surgery. With minor vessels, reconnecting them isn't... | They clamp major arteries, and use an IV to put fluids back into your body. For a minor surgery, the fluids are enough to keep your systemic pressure up while your body makes new blood. For major surgery, they give you whole blood or plasma, as needed. | They clamp major arteries, and use an IV to put fluids back into your body. For a minor surgery, the fluids are enough to keep your systemic pressure up while your body makes new blood. For major surgery, they give you whole blood or plasma, as needed. | Blood doesn't rush around your body in one big tube. What happens is the blood vessels split and become thinner and thinner. Think of a fan where the bottom is the main artery which splits into finer tubes called capillaries. This splitting happens all through your skin, so there are millions of very fine capillaries ... | For any organ transplant, you need to connect the new organ to the host. For most organs, that means some rational number of blood vessels and physical attachment to the surrounding structure. For a brain transplant you'd have to reconnect all the individual nerves...it would be like trying to replace a computer proce... | Traumatic events cause the actual control network to be damaged, preventing the limbs from receiving input from the brain at all. Limbs that were severed cleanly can usually be reattached because the nerves are just conducting the signals from the brain to the muscles. If a wire is cut cleanly, reconnect the wires and... | [
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Why does counting sheep help you go to sleep? | It is more a cliche about counting sheep being boring and tiring than actually being an effective sleep aid. | Actually the counting sheep's doesn't work. I read something about it but I'm too lazy to do the research right now. Anyway what you have to do is take your head off things. Read a book, try to think about a movie. Don't watch TV or use your tablet because the blue light they emit is bad for your sleep. | Actually the counting sheep's doesn't work. I read something about it but I'm too lazy to do the research right now. Anyway what you have to do is take your head off things. Read a book, try to think about a movie. Don't watch TV or use your tablet because the blue light they emit is bad for your sleep. | Loads about dreaming is unknown. Every day we experience an almost unlimited amount of input from all our senses. When we sleep our brain tries to make sens of it, group it into concepts, making connections so they make sense, and deleting all the input we don't need. It also works as a virtual reality chamber where yo... | This is definitely just my own thoughts, as I’m not sure there is a medical reason, but likely the person sleeping next to you is a friend or someone very close to you, emotionally. People have a nature tendency to mimic those they feel close to (we see this in apes too). So if they cross their legs, you do the same. T... | When you're trying to go to sleep, you are letting yourself be extremely vulnerable to attack/dangers. So small noises like a predator animal walking/stalking you would wake you alot easier. | [
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Why do shadows tend to be attracted by other shadows ? | Imagine two equally tall mounds of sand on a flat surface. Now, push the two mounds towards each other. You will notice that where the two mounds touch, the sand will combine and rise higher. The same occurs for shadows. A shadow's edge is never completely sharp due to diffraction, a property of light that blurs the ed... | Different light sources causing two overlapping shadows. The darker part is the double shadow, and the lighter part is where the shadow extends for either one light source or the other. | Different light sources causing two overlapping shadows. The darker part is the double shadow, and the lighter part is where the shadow extends for either one light source or the other. | This is likely due to changes in the refractive index of the air when it is close to the heating element, which makes shadows look "wavy." | > ... But why can't shadow carry information? The cause of the shadow's movement isn't where the shadow was in the past, but the movement of the light source and the thing blocking it. So the shadow can carry information from those, but not from other spots that the shadow was at. | Points on the surface get information from you. The information from you will reach them exactly with the speed of light in the vacuum. The position of the shadow one second after you moved your finger will be affected only in the sphere of the radius one light-second. So, the shadow two light-seconds from you stands s... | [
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Why didn't the US directly attack Hanoi, or the north in general during the Vietnam War? | It's because an attack in the North would almost certainly have forced China to take action, as it had done in the Korean War. American troops in the North would be directly on China's borders - which would probably result in direct confrontation and absolutely bring a risk nuclear war. Anyone who grumbles about Americ... | They were afraid that if they invaded the north, the Chinese would intervene the same way they did in Korea. That is where the aphorism about not fighting land wars in asia is about. And the reason they went into laos and cambodia was to establish supply routes and safe havens. Had they not gone into those countries, t... | They were afraid that if they invaded the north, the Chinese would intervene the same way they did in Korea. That is where the aphorism about not fighting land wars in asia is about. And the reason they went into laos and cambodia was to establish supply routes and safe havens. Had they not gone into those countries, t... | To address the second part of your question, the bombing was massed in the remote, sparsely populated (Laos had a very small population, around 2.5 million) area at the border with Vietnam. This was the 'Ho Chi Minh trail'. Keep in mind that the Democratic Republic of Vietnam did not respect borders either. It wasn't a... | They're not very good comparison candidates, they're 3,000Km apart with vastly different terrains & political situations. It's also arguable that the USA did not win the Korean war, given the existence of North Korea it would seem to validate the claim that the USA only partially succeeded. Vietnam was much more a war ... | Vietnam War The Vietnam War (Vietnamese: Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the Second Indochina War,[59] and known in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America (Vietnamese: Kháng chiến chống Mỹ) or simply the American War, was a war that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955[A 1] to the fa... | [
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Why is liquid nitrogen preferred over water for cooling a CPU? | Yes it does, but liquid nitrogen has one very important property that allows it to cool stuff very effectively: It's boiling point is low enough that any heat added causes rapid boiling, which takes away dramatically more heat than just warming a fluid and drops the temp to the boiling point of the liquid. Water would ... | People have done it, primarily in the context of overclocking competitions. However, it's a bad idea for a few reasons: 1) Different materials expand or contract at different rates when cooled. Additionally, low temperatures usually make things more brittle. This makes it fairly likely that you are severely reducing th... | People have done it, primarily in the context of overclocking competitions. However, it's a bad idea for a few reasons: 1) Different materials expand or contract at different rates when cooled. Additionally, low temperatures usually make things more brittle. This makes it fairly likely that you are severely reducing th... | Look up the Leidenfrost effect for more details but you are basicaly right. The boiling point of nitrogen is -196C. The surface you pour it onto is at room temperature (about 20C) so it is well above the boiling temperature and above liquid nitrogen's leidenfrost point. It means that when the liquid nitrogen hits the s... | Because water is far more effective at transferring heat to you than air is. It's the same reason why if you put your hand in a 200C hot oven, it'll feel hot but won't burn you unless you hold it in there for quite a few seconds, but if you so much as brush one of the metal shelves you'll get an instant burn. Everythi... | Water is used because it has excellent properties for use in heating systems and it's relatively inexpensive, plentiful, non-toxic and easy to handle. There are some substances with 'better' thermal properties but they're expensive, toxic, etc. Ammonia for example has a slightly higher specific heat capacity than wate... | [
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Is there a scientific explanation for why children and even adults are so preoccupied with ‘fair’? | It is definitely a topic that spans across several scientific disciplines. And it isn't just kids or adults learning a social convention. Animal behavior researchers have [performed experiments](_URL_5_) that demonstrates even animals instinctively understand the notion of fairness. This is a rabbit hole I've often be... | While "fairness" is an inherently subjective metric, [this post might help provide context and a base for your own judgement.](_URL_0_) | While "fairness" is an inherently subjective metric, [this post might help provide context and a base for your own judgement.](_URL_0_) | The evidence seems to indicate that because children need so many more calories to support their growth, we've evolved to be particularly attracted to sweeter things during physical development and, complementarily, since smaller humans with still developing brains are more sensitive to toxins—which turn out to be more... | Children do not benefit from eating dirt. Children are more exposed to germs and therefore slowly build up immunities to common viruses. Not diseases, by the way. Adults do not get diseases only by touching public transport poles. Adults are more segregated than children, who are in schools all day with hundreds of oth... | Because children have context for violence, but not for sex. Even in relatively peaceful times, children have likely experienced interpersonal violence on the playground. But they haven't experienced sex at all - much less with all the attendant social elements that surround adult sex. As a result, they have no ground ... | [
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Why does your stomach feel like it's sinking when you're anxious? | Your stomach responds to stress by shutting off non vital systems and pulling blood to your heart and brain. Your stomach isn't considered a vital system, and so it basically stops flexing the muscles keeping everything in place, and so whatever was in your stomach or intestines has one less thing stopping it from leav... | A lot of the sensation of being hungry comes from your brain and not your stomach. You often feel hungry in response to changes in your blood sugar level rather than the fullness or emptyness of your stomach or intestines. When you actually do feel pain or discomfort from your abdomen while being hungry, that means tha... | A lot of the sensation of being hungry comes from your brain and not your stomach. You often feel hungry in response to changes in your blood sugar level rather than the fullness or emptyness of your stomach or intestines. When you actually do feel pain or discomfort from your abdomen while being hungry, that means tha... | That is known as "Globus Hystericus" or, a sensation of a lump in your throat as a response to an anxiety provoking situation. Common emotional response. Not everyone gets it. Note: if you are having constant difficulty swallowing, please see a doctor Edit: correction | **Answer courtesy of /u/corbeth from [here](_URL_2_).** Imagine this: you are in a car and the driver makes a hard turn. Doing this will push you against your seatbelt, or, if you aren't wearing one may even throw you out of your seat. This is because for a couple seconds, you are traveling in a different direction tha... | null | [
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How do I hear music in white noise? | White noise contains thousands of different frequencies. Your mind can subconsciously focus on certain frequencies, sometimes making up what you perceive as tunes. Also, take a look at [auditory hallucination](_URL_0_). | Many people are stimulated by sound. We hear sound around us all the time, and we enjoy listening to the sounds that we hear, whether it be music, or conversation. A lack of sound can be associated with loneliness or awkwardness. For example, if you're driving with someone, and after a while the conversation dies down,... | Many people are stimulated by sound. We hear sound around us all the time, and we enjoy listening to the sounds that we hear, whether it be music, or conversation. A lack of sound can be associated with loneliness or awkwardness. For example, if you're driving with someone, and after a while the conversation dies down,... | It's called **white noise**. Radiowaves are everywhere and they go in all directions. Some come from space, some come from us. Your antenna picks them up, but since those waves are not meant for TVs, it can't interpret then, and you see just some random noise. | Sound is wave through air, like ripples in water. When one wave meets another that is equal but opposite, they cancel each other out. ANC headphones have a tiny microphone built into them to detect ambient noise, and circuitry which produced a wave that's "equal but opposite" to that ambient noise, and injects it into... | Yes! This happens to me all the time! I do not have a TV in my room and I prefer to sleep in total black and silence. If there is a sudden noise (house settles/cracks) while I am trying to sleep, I will see (with closed eyes) a brilliant white flash AS the sound is happening, in synchrony. I thought it was normal until... | [
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Why does the House "always win" in gambling? | The odds of winning any gambling are set out so the house always has an advantage. This is usually just a few points of a percentage (0.verylittle) but over tens of millions of dollars pouring through a casino, this leads to millions in profit. You basically have like a 49% chance of winning, so over thousands of play... | When gambling, the casino in which you're playing is referred to as "the house" and the odds are stacked WAAAAAAYYYY in favor of the casino winning on any given hand, so that overall, a casino almost literally cannot lose money. That expression can be used similarly to "home field advantage" outside the gambling world... | When gambling, the casino in which you're playing is referred to as "the house" and the odds are stacked WAAAAAAYYYY in favor of the casino winning on any given hand, so that overall, a casino almost literally cannot lose money. That expression can be used similarly to "home field advantage" outside the gambling world... | Not an answer to your question, but I've always found it fascinating that the rules of blackjack work out to an ideal edge for the house with perfect player strategy, even though the rules were created long before the technology and existed to correctly prove the correct strategy or to prove the house edge. I'd love it... | Because there is a special tax for gambling. If everyone could play with whomever, too much money would change owners without the government earning from it. | Legalized gambling is becoming more an more accepted by Americans. But what it is about gambling that makes it so seductive? Is just about making money, or winning and losing? In the last report in our series on gambling, NPR's Wade Goodwyn looks at why more and more people are playing the odds. | [
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Why do metro stations not have a glass wall between the tracks and the balcony? | Because it requires the train to stop at the exact same spot, every time. Here in Toronto we have no barriers between the platform (what you call the balcony) and the tracks. The drivers of the train decide when to brake, and how hard to brake, and how fast to slow down. There is a[ large red dot](_URL_0_) on the walls... | The pillars add significant strength in the event of a roll over accident. Also glass becomes much more expensive the larger it gets. | The pillars add significant strength in the event of a roll over accident. Also glass becomes much more expensive the larger it gets. | These balconies are meant only as decorations, to make the building look prettier from the street. | That wind is the subways operating in tunnels with little clearance and provide a "plunger" effect, drawing air in from the departure site and then expelling it at the destination. It more or less pushes it along with the train creating positive pressure ahead of the train and a negative pressure (vacuum) behind the tr... | That's *ballast*, and it helps keep the rails and ties in place so the train goes smoothly on the track. It also helps to drain water away. | [
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why do stomach cramps and bugs drain your entire life force | Stomach bugs, which are either virus or bacteria, actually harm the soft lining of your stomach and/or intestines, by either producing toxins or attaching directly to your digestive tract and reproducing. That alone causes a fair degree of pain, and much of the fatigue is because your body is spending a lot of its ener... | Mainly due to stress. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine is released in your body giving you the "flight or fight" response. Other hormones such as cortisol also contribute to this. This results in blood being drawn away from your stomach and pumped more into your muscles, because during times of stress, your body is more ... | Mainly due to stress. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine is released in your body giving you the "flight or fight" response. Other hormones such as cortisol also contribute to this. This results in blood being drawn away from your stomach and pumped more into your muscles, because during times of stress, your body is more ... | When you feel anxious, your body produces adrenaline and goes into flight-or-fight mode, so to speak. That means your body is prioritising bodily functions necessary for either fighting or being able to flee. Digestion is not one of those. In fact, disgestion is quite a bit of work for the body, so while you are in thi... | Some believe that this is caused by the release of adrenaline when one is nervous, which pulls blood away from the stomach and sends it to the muscles. This reduced blood flow causes the stomach to temporarily shut down. | I have no personal experience, but perhaps another related question. I've heard that if you swallow a live cockroach, it will fight the force of your esophagus and attempt to crawl out before reaching the stomach. Is this true? | [
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German Brides After World War 2? | I don't know what you would consider a "large number", but american men did marry german women after WW2. This was initially discouraged by the US military as "fraternisation with the enemy", but the policy was soon relaxed. Americans were immensely popular in post-war Germany, as they were seen as rich and offered a w... | [SMS Goeben](_URL_0_) This German battlecruiser was caught in the Med at the beginning of the War and sailed for safe harbor in the Ottoman Empire. Germany handed her over to the Turks, but her officers and most of her crew remained German. In defiance of orders, they bombarded Russian positions and fired on Russian sh... | [SMS Goeben](_URL_0_) This German battlecruiser was caught in the Med at the beginning of the War and sailed for safe harbor in the Ottoman Empire. Germany handed her over to the Turks, but her officers and most of her crew remained German. In defiance of orders, they bombarded Russian positions and fired on Russian sh... | Justice Minister Heiko Maas is to overturn the convictions and create a "right to compensation".
About 50,000 men were convicted between 1946 and 1969, under a 19th-Century law that the Nazis had sharpened.
Homosexuality was decriminalised in 1969, but the legislation was not taken off the books entirely until 1994.
"W... | You know I remember reading something similar to this but I don't recall where - that after World War II there was a certain shift in attitude regarding Germanizing words that was part of the general weariness to all things nationalist. But now I can't find it anywhere. Certain words were simply abandoned by the popula... | During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. | [
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What exactly is ear wax and why does it exist? | Ear wax is a type of sweat and keeps the inner ear moisturized. It's also a natural insect repellent. So it probably exists because it was an evolutionary advantage to not have bugs crawling around in our ears. | Earwax is made from glands of the external auditory canal (which are basically modified sweat glands if I recall it well enough), and also dead epidermal cells. It is thought to be a protective mechanism for the auditorium canal against infections and other trauma and is also a way to remove dead cells from it. Bonus t... | Earwax is made from glands of the external auditory canal (which are basically modified sweat glands if I recall it well enough), and also dead epidermal cells. It is thought to be a protective mechanism for the auditorium canal against infections and other trauma and is also a way to remove dead cells from it. Bonus t... | Yes, it protects the ear canals from the accumulation of dirt, dust and small insects. Ear wax is meant to trap these items before they can impact the very delicate ear bones. Unfortunately, people with very narrow ear canals are susceptible to accumulation of ear wax, thus causing a blockage and reducing ability to he... | As a rule, your body knows best how to clean itself. Earwax is anti-bacterial and prevents the delicate skin in your ear canal from drying out and/or becoming infected. It is beneficial to have it inside your ear-canal. Of course, a normal level of ear-wax production will eventually push wax out of your ear canal, into... | Eardrum In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear, and then to the oval window ... | [
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How do you ban a meme and what does it actually mean for those affected? | Memes aren’t really banned, there are just stronger copyright protections now in Europe . It has an impact because most of the pictures used in memes belong to someone else. Someone took that picture. It’s their intellectual property. You can’t just take someone else’s image, put some text over the top of it, and distr... | "Banning memes" is not what the law is directly about, that would probably end up being a side effect however. What the EU suggests is for social media platforms to scan user uploads for copyrighted content and block anything that might contain it, a la YouTube's Content ID. Since "memes" are often based on sceenshots ... | "Banning memes" is not what the law is directly about, that would probably end up being a side effect however. What the EU suggests is for social media platforms to scan user uploads for copyrighted content and block anything that might contain it, a la YouTube's Content ID. Since "memes" are often based on sceenshots ... | There are bots that will autorevert more obvious vandalism, and articles which have a lot of vandalism are protected. For instance, while you can edit most articles without an account, if you try to edit the pages for Obama or Jesus you'll need to login and any vandalism will result in a ban. They can ban accounts and ... | A shadowban is when a bot is banned but isn't alerted of its "bannedness" so it keeps on doing what it's doing, futilely because Reddit will balance out anything the bot does by performing the opposite action the bot has done. That is why you see the top posts with over ten thousand up votes and down votes. I used a bo... | I suspect it's easier to ban them all than to deal with people in the waiting room who feel the need to blabber away on the phone in their loudest outside voice about highly personal matters while they're waiting. | [
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I believe I can safely use a 75-watt-equivalent LED bulb in my 40-watt-rated table lamp because the LED only uses 13 watts. Is my logic faulty? | You should be OK doing this, because what matters is the amount that the bulb actually uses. The lamp can provide up to 40 watts safely without risk of fires or other issues. The equivalency rating is just there to let people compare its brightness to the bulbs that we are all accustomed to using, since most people wo... | You should always use the recommended wattage bulb, ~~but I am fairly certain~~ and I am positive that the wattage rating is the maximum recommended wattage, so using a lower wattage should be fine. If your lamp is blowing up bulbs at or below the wattage rating, it's probably a faulty bulb, or a faulty lamp. Don't set... | You should always use the recommended wattage bulb, ~~but I am fairly certain~~ and I am positive that the wattage rating is the maximum recommended wattage, so using a lower wattage should be fine. If your lamp is blowing up bulbs at or below the wattage rating, it's probably a faulty bulb, or a faulty lamp. Don't set... | It is difficult to get a meaningful conversion from watts to lumens for LEDs because the visible output is very dependant on quality of the diode used and the efficiency of the lights diffusion method. Pretty much you have to hope the manufacturer indicates the incandescent equivalent if you want to use wattage. What ... | Assuming the average light bulb is on for 10 hours a day, a 40-watt bulb will cause 196 pounds (89 kg) of CO_2 emission per year. | Yes, but you get (significantly) less power than you need to power the artificial light, that makes it pointless unless there are other advantages (like mobility, for light-powered calculators). Conservation of energy tells you that you cannot win, and with the efficiencies of the light source, light transmission, and ... | [
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Why my eyes get red in pictures and what can I do to avoid this? | The red you are seeing is the inside of your eye, behind your pupil. This is part of the natural anatomy of your eye, so the only ways to stop it is to turn the flash off when you take the picture. If you are okay with editing in post, most editors have a "red eye" feature that "fixes" this because it is so common. | Decreased blood pressure. In the eyes, a dilation of the ocular capillaries occurs, encouraging the blood flow through the eyes and effectively causing red eyes. | Decreased blood pressure. In the eyes, a dilation of the ocular capillaries occurs, encouraging the blood flow through the eyes and effectively causing red eyes. | Your eyes aren't just focusing on it with the lens, but your eye-muscles are trying to position your eyes so both images overlap. There's some very detailed, very close diagonal lines in your picture so as your eyes try to overlap, they actually find overlapping non-lined-up parts -- and probably parts that force one e... | It's because the colour receptor cones in your eyes wear out relatively quickly when they're looking at the same colour for prolonged periods, causing you to see less of that colour when you look to see something else. In the case of a nap, the light will shine through your eyelids and expose your cones to a prolonged ... | It doesn't usually occur because there is background light prior to you waking up, e.g., light streaming through the window. Eyelids do not block 100% of light. You can easily confirm this by closing your eyes and then looking towards or away from a bright light source -- you will tend to see a bright red color when y... | [
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How can companies put "100% Satisfaction Guaranteed" on their products. Isn't "Satisfaction" subjective? | Simple, tell them you are not fully satisfied and they will give you a replacement or refund/credit for the purchase, depending on the stated warranty. They have to do so by law regardless of the reason, at least in the US. **EDIT:** Since people are doubting me (and haven't read the guarantee on products they bought... | My general rule is if someone is aggressively trying to sell me something, it's a piece of shit. Good products sell themselves on value and merit. | My general rule is if someone is aggressively trying to sell me something, it's a piece of shit. Good products sell themselves on value and merit. | Under their laws it's called "[Fair Comment](_URL_0_)". They are allowed well-founded opinion, even strongly negative ones, as long as they do not support them with lies. So, yes, a carmaker or their UK distributor *could* sue TopGear. But it would be very foolish to do so. They'd be laughed out of court *and* take a b... | You can't just put a warning label on a box and make yourself immune from a lawsuit. Like, Chevy couldn't design cars that explode randomly and it be fine because they put a sticker on the cars. Hormel can't sell poisonous cans of Spam and have it be fine if they put some words on the can. Walmart can't stock and sell... | Sometimes the exact same factory just uses a different label for the exact same product, sometimes the differences are small and you get essentially the same product, and sometimes the differences can be large with EITHER the store brand or the brand name product being superior. It's difficult to tell and how well a pr... | [
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How come VW cars release more emissions, while at the same time being more fuel efficient, and release more emissions while burning more fuel? | It's different kinds of emissions. Diesel engines are better for carbon emissions, but worse for nitrogen emissions. The VW firmware was designed to ramp down nitrogen emissions during tests. | Efficiency. If you burn more fuel per cycle, that can up power output. But, if you make each ‘burn’ more efficient - extracting more useful energy - you increase power that way too. Typically, increasing engine compression ratio will do this; although it comes with problems which must be controlled. The more heat energ... | Efficiency. If you burn more fuel per cycle, that can up power output. But, if you make each ‘burn’ more efficient - extracting more useful energy - you increase power that way too. Typically, increasing engine compression ratio will do this; although it comes with problems which must be controlled. The more heat energ... | Auto emissions are directly proportional to fuel consumed. Your gasoline tank empties as your cars engine converts this soup of short to medium length hydrocarbons into the oxides of carbon and nitrogen that exit the exhaust pipe. Minimize emissions for a particular trip therefore translates into minimizing fuel consum... | One of the factors which affects the efficiency of an internal combustion engine is the degree to which the working fluid (the hot gases) are allowed to expand, which is related to the compression ratio. Diesels use a much higher compression ratio, so they start off with a higher maximum efficiency. Add to that diesel ... | Extremely vague question here, but Ill give you a simple broad answer. A "gas efficient" engine (usually low power) A transmission geared to take advantage of the "gas efficient" engine. Something that keeps the engine in the lower rpm range most of the time, especially driving on the highway. A low drag, good aerodyna... | [
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Why didnt colonial France and Britain "take" the holy lands for themselves when they controlled it? Why didnt they fulfill the original missions of the crusades? | The British and French did keep Syria and Palestine. They maintained control for about 30 years, until a combination of anti-colonial sentiment at home, local insurgencies and economic pressure after WWII forced them to withdraw. Also, the French decision to separate Lebanon from Syria was partly due to the latter bein... | Though their duties and nature changed over time, Christian orders such as Knights Templars and others were created by Western European Christians to protect the lives and interests of christians and christian pilgrims in Holy Lands. Since holy lands were essentially foreign lands for western Europeans, these orders we... | Though their duties and nature changed over time, Christian orders such as Knights Templars and others were created by Western European Christians to protect the lives and interests of christians and christian pilgrims in Holy Lands. Since holy lands were essentially foreign lands for western Europeans, these orders we... | They did try again. they just failed, or their purposes were not conquest but raids. For example, Saracen pirates founded Fraxinetum in southeastern France, the Almoravids and Almohads reconquered much of Iberia before losing it again, and there was a short-lived Emirate established in the Italian city of Bari. | So I'd really like to answer this question, but we're a bit suspicious of things which look like essay question prompts this time of year. So, with both of these things in mind, can you please tell me what prompted this question? Why would you think that there was any disillusionment in the idea of crusading and why sp... | Each colony had its own reason for independence, but to generalise... Vichy France assumed control over the majority of colonies it still held so life of an average citizen in say modern day CAR did not change a great deal. Plus there were still a great deal of Axis forces within North Africa at the time. The Allies n... | [
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Is gravitational acceleration on earth an exact value, or does it have a standard deviation from experiments that tried to measure it? | Any measurement of it will have a standard error associated with it, but the value itself [varies across the planet](_URL_0_) due to its rotation, shape, and composition. There is a "standard gravity" which is defined as 9.80665 m/s/s. | One "g" is equal to 9.8m/s^2 of acceleration, so any acceleration can be measured in "g"s. It's all a simple application of [Newton's laws of motion](_URL_0_). | One "g" is equal to 9.8m/s^2 of acceleration, so any acceleration can be measured in "g"s. It's all a simple application of [Newton's laws of motion](_URL_0_). | [Like a centrifuge ?](_URL_0_) Gravity is sensed as a constant acceleration (9,81m/s²). If you can generate a constant acceleration, you have a gravity simulator, basically. | We can measure it in space. The expansion of the Universe, for example, depends on the value of the gravitational constant. We can constrain deviations from the terrestrial value by looking at [supernovae](_URL_1_), for instance. The abundances of light elements like helium and deuterium also [depend sensitively](_URL_... | The force of gravity is dependent on the mass of the planet. Earth's mass makes it so that acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s², but on the moon or a less massive planet it is less and on a more massive planet, it would be more. | [
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End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
Processed Dataset with Multi-Vector BGE-M3 Scores
This dataset was built using a custom pipeline to format data for Sentence Transformers training.
Source Dataset
- Original Dataset:
custom-dataset - Split processed:
train, eval - Anchor Column:
anchor - Positive Column:
positive - Negative Column:
negative
Multi-similarity scoring (BAAI/bge-m3)
The dataset includes similarity scores computed using BAAI/bge-m3.
These scores include Dense, Sparse (Lexical), and Multi-vector (ColBERT-style, late interaction) representations, plus an aggregate score weighted as 0.4 * dense + 0.2 * sparse + 0.4 * colbert, as from BGE-M3 paper.
- Scoring Model:
BAAI/bge-m3 - Max Passage Length:
4000
New Features Added:
anchor_pos_aggregate_sim_m3,anchor_pos_list_sim_m3,
Hard Negative Mining
`
Bi-Encoder (Mining Model):
Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m-v2.0Negatives per positive:
3(in addition to existing negatives)Relative Margin applied:
0.07Absolute Margin applied:
0.04range min/max:
2 - 22negative score min/max:
0.15 - 0.8Sampling strategy:
randomanchor_neg_aggregate_sim_m3,anchor_neg_list_sim_m3,scores: Bi-Encoder rescoring predictions from the hard-negative mining phase.
Source Dataset
subsets from: bobox/training-dataset-temp
| Subset / Config Name | Train Samples | Eval Samples |
|---|---|---|
eli5-1HN |
35,000 | 320 |
global-dataset-1HN |
105,000 | 512 |
natural-questions-1HN |
35,000 | 320 |
npr-1HN |
35,000 | 320 |
paws-1HN |
21,829 | 3,539 |
qnli-1HN |
35,000 | 1,850 |
sentence_compression-1HN |
35,000 | 320 |
vitaminc-1HN |
35,000 | 387 |
xsum-1HN |
35,000 | 320 |
| TOTAL | 371,829 | 7,888 |
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Models trained or fine-tuned on bobox/STS_retrieval_dataset_HN_scored