gem_id stringlengths 22 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 51 | context stringlengths 152 1.42k | question stringlengths 24 161 | target stringlengths 24 161 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict | prompt stringlengths 492 1.76k | input_ids listlengths 307 488 | attention_mask listlengths 307 488 | answers_generated stringlengths 1 199 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-10392 | 56e01d2f231d4119001abf34 | Comics | Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character ... | When did The Glasgow Looking Glass begin? | When did The Glasgow Looking Glass begin? | [
"When did The Glasgow Looking Glass begin?"
] | {
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"1825"
],
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140
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-cen... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-78263 | 57278e045951b619008f8d6d | Child_labour | From the 1950s on, the students were also used for unpaid work at schools, where they cleaned and performed repairs. This practice has continued in the Russian Federation, where up to 21 days of the summer holidays is sometimes set aside for school works. By law, this is only allowed as part of specialized occupational... | Did they need parental consent? | Did they need parental consent? | [
"Did they need parental consent?"
] | {
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: From the 1950s on, the students were also used for unpa... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-6516 | 5ad2e13cd7d075001a42a602 | PlayStation_3 | Photo Gallery is an optional application to view, create and group photos from PS3, which is installed separately from the system software at 105 MB. It was introduced in system software version 2.60 and provides a range of tools for sorting through and displaying the system's pictures. The key feature of this applicat... | What allows you to view photos on PS4? | What allows you to view photos on PS4? | [
"What allows you to view photos on PS4?"
] | {
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Photo Gallery is an optional application to view, creat... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-38383 | 5a7d3f5b70df9f001a875046 | Neolithic | Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built from wattle and daub ... | What scenes did the people on homes depict? | What scenes did the people on homes depict? | [
"What scenes did the people on homes depict?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, north... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-82898 | 56e07d387aa994140058e56e | Saint_Helena | Radio St Helena, which started operations on Christmas Day 1967, provided a local radio service that had a range of about 100 km (62 mi) from the island, and also broadcast internationally on shortwave radio (11092.5 kHz) on one day a year. The station presented news, features and music in collaboration with its sister... | What newspaper did Radio Saint Helena collaborate with? | What newspaper did Radio Saint Helena collaborate with? | [
"What newspaper did Radio Saint Helena collaborate with?"
] | {
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Radio St Helena, which started operations on Christmas ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-78896 | 56d11a7017492d1400aab969 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | The game features nine dungeons—large, contained areas where Link battles enemies, collects items, and solves puzzles. Link navigates these dungeons and fights a boss at the end in order to obtain an item or otherwise advance the plot. The dungeons are connected by a large overworld, across which Link can travel on foo... | Who must Link fight at the end of a dungeon level? | Who must Link fight at the end of a dungeon level? | [
"Who must Link fight at the end of a dungeon level?"
] | {
"text": [
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The game features nine dungeons—large, contained areas ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-95940 | 5726b8385951b619008f7bb9 | Hokkien | Hokkien has one of the most diverse phoneme inventories among Chinese varieties, with more consonants than Standard Mandarin or Cantonese. Vowels are more-or-less similar to that of Standard Mandarin. Hokkien varieties retain many pronunciations that are no longer found in other Chinese varieties. These include the ret... | What do Hokkein varieties retain that are no longer found in other Chinese varieties? | What do Hokkein varieties retain that are no longer found in other Chinese varieties? | [
"What do Hokkein varieties retain that are no longer found in other Chinese varieties?"
] | {
"text": [
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226
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Hokkien has one of the most diverse phoneme inventories... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-46420 | 5ad09ee7645df0001a2cff76 | Department_store | Selfridges was established in 1909 by American-born Harry Gordon Selfridge on Oxford Street. The company's innovative marketing promoted the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity and its techniques were adopted by modern department stores the world over. The store was extensively promoted throug... | Who founded Selfridges in 1990? | Who founded Selfridges in 1990? | [
"Who founded Selfridges in 1990?"
] | {
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"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Selfridges was established in 1909 by American-born Har... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-14706 | 5730938d069b53140083219f | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists a... | What did Whitehead ask people to reimagine in order for philosophy to make progress? | What did Whitehead ask people to reimagine in order for philosophy to make progress? | [
"What did Whitehead ask people to reimagine in order for philosophy to make progress?"
] | {
"text": [
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690
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the not... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-86775 | 5a8ca483fd22b3001a8d8c95 | Biodiversity | This multilevel construct is consistent with Dasmann and Lovejoy. An explicit definition consistent with this interpretation was first given in a paper by Bruce A. Wilcox commissioned by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) for the 1982 World National Parks Conference. Wil... | Who commissioned the park research paper? | Who commissioned the park research paper? | [
"Who commissioned the park research paper?"
] | {
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-1452 | 573157bae6313a140071ce44 | Mosaic | In the 7th–9th centuries Rome fell under the influence of Byzantine art, noticeable on the mosaics of Santa Prassede, Santa Maria in Domnica, Sant'Agnese fuori le Mura, Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, Santi Nereo e Achilleo and the San Venanzio chapel of San Giovanni in Laterano. The great dining hall of Pope Leo III in t... | What do most mosaics from the 7th-9th centuries have in common? | What do most mosaics from the 7th-9th centuries have in common? | [
"What do most mosaics from the 7th-9th centuries have in common?"
] | {
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gem-squad_v2-train-107741 | 571aa29f10f8ca140030520e | Umayyad_Caliphate | In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further ... | Along with the Punjab, what did Muhammad bin Wasim conquer? | Along with the Punjab, what did Muhammad bin Wasim conquer? | [
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Context: In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-98097 | 56e19ab0e3433e1400423000 | Hydrogen | This reaction is favored at low pressures but is nonetheless conducted at high pressures (2.0 MPa, 20 atm or 600 inHg). This is because high-pressure H
2 is the most marketable product and Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) purification systems work better at higher pressures. The product mixture is known as "synthesis g... | At what pressure does PSA work best in? | At what pressure does PSA work best in? | [
"At what pressure does PSA work best in?"
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gem-squad_v2-train-40410 | 56e753fb37bdd419002c3e84 | Paper | Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpose of such sizing is to establish the correct level of sur... | What besides china clay is used as a filler? | What besides china clay is used as a filler? | [
"What besides china clay is used as a filler?"
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gem-squad_v2-train-88593 | 56db6f0ce7c41114004b50ff | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The United Nations Organization and its children's agency UNICEF withdrew their staff, saying that it wasn't sure the event would help its mission of raising awareness of conditions for children and amid concerns that the relay would be used as a propaganda stunt. "It was unconscionable," said a UN official who was bri... | What is the children's agency of the United Nations Organization? | What is the children's agency of the United Nations Organization? | [
"What is the children's agency of the United Nations Organization?"
] | {
"text": [
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gem-squad_v2-train-105111 | 5a3eac175a76c5001a3a843a | Palermo | The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). Th... | What signs are a tribute to pagean customs? | What signs are a tribute to pagean customs? | [
"What signs are a tribute to pagean customs?"
] | {
"text": [],
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-30603 | 5ace315b32bba1001ae49d6e | Appalachian_Mountains | Eastern or Canada hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is another important evergreen needle-leaf conifer that grows along the Appalachian chain from north to south, but is confined to lower elevations than red spruce and the firs. It generally occupies richer and less acidic soils than the spruce and firs and is characteristic ... | Where are Carolina Hemlocks traditionally found? | Where are Carolina Hemlocks traditionally found? | [
"Where are Carolina Hemlocks traditionally found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-49628 | 570d6968b3d812140066d885 | Valencia | The third largest city in Spain and the 24th most populous municipality in the European Union, Valencia has a population of 809,267 within its administrative limits on a land area of 134.6 km2 (52 sq mi). The urban area of Valencia extending beyond the administrative city limits has a population of between 1,561,000 an... | How many inhabitants live within Valencia's limits? | How many inhabitants live within Valencia's limits? | [
"How many inhabitants live within Valencia's limits?"
] | {
"text": [
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"answer_start": [
124
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The third largest city in Spain and the 24th most popul... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-52281 | 5ad39551604f3c001a3fe743 | Miami | Miami's tropical weather allows for year-round outdoors activities. The city has numerous marinas, rivers, bays, canals, and the Atlantic Ocean, which make boating, sailing, and fishing popular outdoors activities. Biscayne Bay has numerous coral reefs which make snorkeling and scuba diving popular. There are over 80 p... | How many gardens and parks aren't in Miami? | How many gardens and parks aren't in Miami? | [
"How many gardens and parks aren't in Miami?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Miami's tropical weather allows for year-round outdoors... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-111690 | 5acd7b1307355d001abf4413 | Education | In 2012, the modern use of electronic educational technology (also called e-learning) had grown at 14 times the rate of traditional learning.[clarification needed] Open education is fast growing to become the dominant form of education, for many reasons such as its efficiency and results compared to traditional methods... | What grew at 10 times the rate of traditional learning? | What grew at 10 times the rate of traditional learning? | [
"What grew at 10 times the rate of traditional learning?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In 2012, the modern use of electronic educational techn... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-85328 | 5727ff303acd2414000df1b6 | European_Central_Bank | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as laid down in Article 127(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The Governing Council in October 1998 defined price stability as inflation of under 2%, “a year-on-year increase in the Harmonise... | What is the primary goal of the ECB? | What is the primary goal of the ECB? | [
"What is the primary goal of the ECB?"
] | {
"text": [
"maintain price stability within the Eurozone"
],
"answer_start": [
145
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-17135 | 570e347a0b85d914000d7d4c | Uranium | It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of uranium exists in ore reserves that are economically viable at US$59 per lb of uranium, while 35 million tonnes are classed as mineral resources (reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction). Prices went from about $10/lb in May 2003 to $138/lb in July 2007. This has... | In 2005, how much money was spent on uranium exploration? | In 2005, how much money was spent on uranium exploration? | [
"In 2005, how much money was spent on uranium exploration?"
] | {
"text": [
"US$200 million"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of uranium exis... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-462 | 56f966c39b226e1400dd1402 | Marshall_Islands | The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island. While Wake has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name Enen-kio. | What island do the Marshall Islands claim? | What island do the Marshall Islands claim? | [
"What island do the Marshall Islands claim?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wake Island"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island. Wh... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-70819 | 57313429a5e9cc1400cdbcdc | Bird | Feathers are a feature characteristic of birds (though also present in some dinosaurs not currently considered to be true birds). They facilitate flight, provide insulation that aids in thermoregulation, and are used in display, camouflage, and signaling. There are several types of feathers, each serving its own set of... | What feature of a bird facilitate flight? | What feature of a bird facilitate flight? | [
"What feature of a bird facilitate flight?"
] | {
"text": [
"Feathers"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Feathers are a feature characteristic of birds (though ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-6258 | 57277421708984140094ddfa | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect tha... | Which country did Saint Francis of Capistrano come from? | Which country did Saint Francis of Capistrano come from? | [
"Which country did Saint Francis of Capistrano come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-19346 | 5727c7a7ff5b5019007d9510 | Rule_of_law | The functional interpretation of the term "rule of law", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the "rule of law" with the "rule of man." According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of "rule of law", whereas a society in w... | What level of discretion do governments with a low degree of the "rule of law" have? | What level of discretion do governments with a low degree of the "rule of law" have? | [
"What level of discretion do governments with a low degree of the \"rule of law\" have?"
] | {
"text": [
"a great deal"
],
"answer_start": [
236
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The functional interpretation of the term "rule of law"... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-23529 | 5ad148d5645df0001a2d156c | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. Th... | Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been disallowed for churches? | Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been disallowed for churches? | [
"Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been disallowed for churches?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-85338 | 572800aaff5b5019007d9ab5 | European_Central_Bank | The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; the short durations allow interest rates to be adjusted continually. When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again. An increase in the quantity of notes offered at auction allows an increase in liquidity in the economy. A decrease has the contrary e... | What is a good way to boost the economy? | What is a good way to boost the economy? | [
"What is a good way to boost the economy?"
] | {
"text": [
"increase in deposits in member banks"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; t... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-115723 | 5727c88fff5b5019007d953d | Galicia_(Spain) | Galicia has a surface area of 29,574 square kilometres (11,419 sq mi). Its northernmost point, at 43°47′N, is Estaca de Bares (also the northernmost point of Spain); its southernmost, at 41°49′N, is on the Portuguese border in the Baixa Limia-Serra do Xurés Natural Park. The easternmost longitude is at 6°42′W on the bo... | What is its northernmost point? | What is its northernmost point? | [
"What is its northernmost point?"
] | {
"text": [
"Estaca de Bares"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Galicia has a surface area of 29,574 square kilometres ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-12378 | 5a65d0fec2b11c001a425d63 | Antibiotics | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are ... | What are cephalosporins produced by? | What are cephalosporins produced by? | [
"What are cephalosporins produced by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antib... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-113715 | 5a56892f6349e2001acdce10 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | The Ministry of Defence (MoD) is the British government department responsible for implementing the defence policy set by Her Majesty's Government, and is the headquarters of the British Armed Forces. | What is another name for Her Majesty's Government? | What is another name for Her Majesty's Government? | [
"What is another name for Her Majesty's Government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The Ministry of Defence (MoD) is the British government... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-25778 | 57096959200fba1400367f89 | Copper | The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency: it was used by Renaissance sculptors, in photographic technology known as the daguerreotype, and the Statue of Liberty. Copper plating and copper sheathing for ships' hulls was widespread; the ships of Christopher Columbus were among the earliest to have this feat... | Who used copper to produce art? | Who used copper to produce art? | [
"Who used copper to produce art?"
] | {
"text": [
"Renaissance sculptors"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency:... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-103254 | 571de30db64a571400c71dd0 | Multiracial_American | In the colonial years, while conditions were more fluid, white women, indentured servant or free, and African men, servant, slave or free, made unions. Because the women were free, their mixed-race children were born free; they and their descendants formed most of the families of free people of color during the colonia... | When could white women and black men be in a union? | When could white women and black men be in a union? | [
"When could white women and black men be in a union?"
] | {
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],
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0
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In the colonial years, while conditions were more fluid... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-50651 | 56e87d480b45c0140094ccc9 | Bern | The city council of the city of Bern decided against having twinned cities except for a temporary (during the UEFA Euro 2008) cooperation with the Austrian city Salzburg | What did the city decide again? | What did the city decide again? | [
"What did the city decide again?"
] | {
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"answer_start": [
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The city council of the city of Bern decided against ha... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-89095 | 5acd541e07355d001abf3d64 | Hunter-gatherer | It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big game hunting. It might be... | One rare arrangement is the sexual division of what? | One rare arrangement is the sexual division of what? | [
"One rare arrangement is the sexual division of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into t... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-109893 | 57100090b654c5140001f72f | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The largest single execution in United States history was the hanging of 38 American Indians convicted of murder and rape during the Dakota War of 1862. They were executed simultaneously on December 26, 1862, in Mankato, Minnesota. A single blow from an axe cut the rope that held the large four-sided platform, and the ... | In what year did the Admiralty Court hang 26 pirates in Newport, Rhode Island? | In what year did the Admiralty Court hang 26 pirates in Newport, Rhode Island? | [
"In what year did the Admiralty Court hang 26 pirates in Newport, Rhode Island?"
] | {
"text": [
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The largest single execution in United States history w... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-39613 | 5a8ca838fd22b3001a8d8cda | FA_Cup | Almost 60 years later, 80 year old career criminal Henry (Harry) James Burge claimed to have committed the theft, confessing to a newspaper, with the story being published in the Sunday Pictorial newspaper on 23 February 1958. He claimed to have carried out the robbery with two other men, although when discrepancies wi... | Who returned the FA cup? | Who returned the FA cup? | [
"Who returned the FA cup?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Almost 60 years later, 80 year old career criminal Henr... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-35802 | 5a48747484b8a4001a7e7888 | Imperial_College_London | Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust was formed on 1 October 2007 by the merger of Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust (Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital and Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital) and St Mary's NHS Trust (St. Mary's Hospital and Western Eye Hospital) with Imperial College London Faculty of Med... | what hospitals were formed from Imperial College Healthcare? | what hospitals were formed from Imperial College Healthcare? | [
"what hospitals were formed from Imperial College Healthcare?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust was formed on 1 O... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-82975 | 56de6e7c4396321400ee28bf | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | Gustav had a preference for his elder son, Meinhard (July 17, 1946 – May 20, 1971), over Arnold. His favoritism was "strong and blatant," which stemmed from unfounded suspicion that Arnold was not his biological child. Schwarzenegger has said his father had "no patience for listening or understanding your problems." Sc... | What was Schwarzenegger's older brother's name? | What was Schwarzenegger's older brother's name? | [
"What was Schwarzenegger's older brother's name?"
] | {
"text": [
"Meinhard"
],
"answer_start": [
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Gustav had a preference for his elder son, Meinhard (Ju... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-77315 | 57320ae8e17f3d1400422601 | Armenians | The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia, itself a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion (it had formerly been adherent to Armenian paganism, which was influenced by Zoroastrianism, while later on adopting a few elements regarding identification of its pantheon with G... | What was the first country to make Christianity its official religion? | What was the first country to make Christianity its official religion? | [
"What was the first country to make Christianity its official religion?"
] | {
"text": [
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0
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-39778 | 57274df4f1498d1400e8f603 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the burgeoning anti-slavery movement when, in 1839, the trial of mutineering Mende tribesmen being transported as slaves on the Spanish slaveship Amistad was held in New Haven's United States District Court. There is a statue of Joseph Cinqué, the informal lead... | Who was the informal leader of the slaves to whom there is a statue dedicated beside City Hall in New Haven? | Who was the informal leader of the slaves to whom there is a statue dedicated beside City Hall in New Haven? | [
"Who was the informal leader of the slaves to whom there is a statue dedicated beside City Hall in New Haven?"
] | {
"text": [
"Joseph Cinqué"
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288
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: New Haven was home to one of the important early events... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-104082 | 5a07ea473fc874001820704f | Infrared | IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiatio... | What infrared remote control protocols are used in areas of high population density? | What infrared remote control protocols are used in areas of high population density? | [
"What infrared remote control protocols are used in areas of high population density?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: IR data transmission is also employed in short-range co... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-12034 | 5ad14404645df0001a2d1483 | Universal_Studios | Meanwhile, producer Joe Pasternak, who had been successfully producing light musicals with young sopranos for Universal's German subsidiary, repeated his formula in America. Teenage singer Deanna Durbin starred in Pasternak's first American film, Three Smart Girls (1936). The film was a box-office hit and reputedly res... | Who produced the 1963 film Three Smart Girls? | Who produced the 1963 film Three Smart Girls? | [
"Who produced the 1963 film Three Smart Girls?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-81120 | 572646e3708984140094c13b | Queen_Victoria | Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that... | What else did Victoria do to try to return her former public image? | What else did Victoria do to try to return her former public image? | [
"What else did Victoria do to try to return her former public image?"
] | {
"text": [
"take a drive through London in an open carriage"
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"answer_start": [
723
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public dimin... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-69787 | 5ad4984cba00c4001a268cf5 | Windows_8 | Internet Explorer 10 is included as both a desktop program and a touch-optimized app, and includes increased support for HTML5, CSS3, and hardware acceleration. The Internet Explorer app does not support plugins or ActiveX components, but includes a version of Adobe Flash Player that is optimized for touch and low powe... | What improvements weren't made to Internet Explorer? | What improvements weren't made to Internet Explorer? | [
"What improvements weren't made to Internet Explorer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Internet Explorer 10 is included as both a desktop prog... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-100460 | 5acd4db307355d001abf3c86 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In December 2011, the system went into operation on a trial basis. It has started providing navigation, positioning and timing data to China and the neighbouring area for free from 27 December. During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more sat... | The system began charging China and surrounding areas in what month? | The system began charging China and surrounding areas in what month? | [
"The system began charging China and surrounding areas in what month?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In December 2011, the system went into operation on a t... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-33295 | 572644fa1125e71900ae194e | Incandescent_light_bulb | The actual resistance of the filament is temperature dependent. The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance when the lamp is operating. For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp has a resistance of 144 ohms when lit, but the cold resistance is much lower (about 9.5 ohms). Since... | How long does it take a typical 100-watt bulb to achieve 90% of its brightness? | How long does it take a typical 100-watt bulb to achieve 90% of its brightness? | [
"How long does it take a typical 100-watt bulb to achieve 90% of its brightness?"
] | {
"text": [
"0.13 seconds"
],
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751
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The actual resistance of the filament is temperature de... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-47870 | 5726acfa5951b619008f79c7 | Napoleon | In the Kingdom of Holland, the British launched the Walcheren Campaign to open up a second front in the war and to relieve the pressure on the Austrians. The British army only landed at Walcheren on 30 July, by which point the Austrians had already been defeated. The Walcheren Campaign was characterized by little fight... | What was the name of the campaign by the British in Holland that created a second front in the war? | What was the name of the campaign by the British in Holland that created a second front in the war? | [
"What was the name of the campaign by the British in Holland that created a second front in the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Walcheren Campaign"
],
"answer_start": [
48
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In the Kingdom of Holland, the British launched the Wal... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-96179 | 5728cbe3ff5b5019007da6d0 | Paris | The mayor of Paris is elected indirectly by Paris voters; the voters of each arrondissement elect the Conseil de Paris (Council of Paris), composed of 163 members. Each arrondissement has a number of members depending upon its population, from 10 members for each of the least-populated arrondissements (1st through 9th)... | How many members are there in the Conseil de Paris? | How many members are there in the Conseil de Paris? | [
"How many members are there in the Conseil de Paris?"
] | {
"text": [
"163"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The mayor of Paris is elected indirectly by Paris voter... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-27622 | 57302bbda23a5019007fcee3 | Liberia | In 2003, additional UN sanctions were placed on Liberian timber exports, which had risen from US$5 million in 1997 to over US$100 million in 2002 and were believed to be funding rebels in Sierra Leone. These sanctions were lifted in 2006. Due in large part to foreign aid and investment inflow following the end of the w... | What were UN sanctions place placed on 2003? | What were UN sanctions place placed on 2003? | [
"What were UN sanctions place placed on 2003?"
] | {
"text": [
"Liberian timber exports"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In 2003, additional UN sanctions were placed on Liberia... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-49736 | 56cc5fd66d243a140015ef54 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing. The Hongwu Emperor also en... | Who did Rolpe Dorje send as envoys to court in Nanjing? | Who did Rolpe Dorje send as envoys to court in Nanjing? | [
"Who did Rolpe Dorje send as envoys to court in Nanjing?"
] | {
"text": [
"disciples"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor w... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-57282 | 572ff38604bcaa1900d76f1d | Muslim_world | One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) ... | What philosophical encyclopedia is Ibn Sina known for writing? | What philosophical encyclopedia is Ibn Sina known for writing? | [
"What philosophical encyclopedia is Ibn Sina known for writing?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Book of Healing"
],
"answer_start": [
579
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-33181 | 57262d20271a42140099d704 | Incandescent_light_bulb | The first successful light bulb filaments were made of carbon (from carbonized paper or bamboo). Early carbon filaments had a negative temperature coefficient of resistance — as they got hotter, their electrical resistance decreased. This made the lamp sensitive to fluctuations in the power supply, since a small increa... | What was the primary problem with early carbon filaments? | What was the primary problem with early carbon filaments? | [
"What was the primary problem with early carbon filaments?"
] | {
"text": [
"as they got hotter, their electrical resistance decreased"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-63023 | 572b8668f75d5e190021fe2c | Czech_language | The Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction, decle... | What other language did Old Czech's declension patterns resemble? | What other language did Old Czech's declension patterns resemble? | [
"What other language did Old Czech's declension patterns resemble?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongue... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-15289 | 572fc292b2c2fd140056840c | Hyderabad | Institutes in Hyderabad include the National Institute of Rural Development, the Indian School of Business, the Institute of Public Enterprise, the Administrative Staff College of India and the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy. Technical and engineering schools include the International Institute of Inf... | What is the school otherwise known as IIT-H? | What is the school otherwise known as IIT-H? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-66984 | 5726aefadd62a815002e8cec | Nutrition | In the 1500s, Paracelsus was probably the first to criticize Galen publicly. Also in the 16th century, scientist and artist Leonardo da Vinci compared metabolism to a burning candle. Leonardo did not publish his works on this subject, but he was not afraid of thinking for himself and he definitely disagreed with Galen.... | Who criticized Galen in the 1500s? | Who criticized Galen in the 1500s? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-47450 | 572f9299947a6a140053ca7d | Armenia | During the 1890s, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, commonly known as Dashnaktsutyun, became active within the Ottoman Empire with the aim of unifying the various small groups in the empire that were advocating for reform and defending Armenian villages from massacres that were widespread in some of the Armenian-p... | What was the Dashnaks objective? | What was the Dashnaks objective? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-108042 | 56e3c50f39bdeb1400347906 | Estonian_language | After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language. | What percentage of Estonians thought of themselves as ethnic Estonian's in 1945? | What percentage of Estonians thought of themselves as ethnic Estonian's in 1945? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-77377 | 57323009e17f3d14004226f9 | Armenians | Small Armenian trading and religious communities have existed outside of Armenia for centuries. For example, a community has existed for over a millennium in the Holy Land, and one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem has been called the Armenian Quarter. An Armenian Catholic monastic community of 3... | Where is the Italian Armenian monastery? | Where is the Italian Armenian monastery? | [
"Where is the Italian Armenian monastery?"
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gem-squad_v2-train-66040 | 571a395610f8ca1400304f83 | Seattle | The city has started moving away from the automobile and towards mass transit. From 2004 to 2009, the annual number of unlinked public transportation trips increased by approximately 21%. In 2006, voters in King County passed proposition 2 (Transit Now) which increased bus service hours on high ridership routes and pai... | What measure was passed by Seattle voters in 2006? | What measure was passed by Seattle voters in 2006? | [
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] | {
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gem-squad_v2-train-43457 | 57268e98708984140094ca02 | Korean_War | A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, "[t]here was no suggestion from any... | Who believed that if the issues in Korea were not dealt with the communist aggression would spread? | Who believed that if the issues in Korea were not dealt with the communist aggression would spread? | [
"Who believed that if the issues in Korea were not dealt with the communist aggression would spread?"
] | {
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Context: A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-74364 | 5ace586232bba1001ae4a34a | Asphalt | Bitumen was used in early photographic technology. In 1826 or 1827, it was used by French scientist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce to make the oldest surviving photograph from nature. The bitumen was thinly coated onto a pewter plate which was then exposed in a camera. Exposure to light hardened the bitumen and made it insolu... | What did spanish scientist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce use to make the oldest surviving photograph? | What did spanish scientist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce use to make the oldest surviving photograph? | [
"What did spanish scientist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce use to make the oldest surviving photograph?"
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"text": [],
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gem-squad_v2-train-30160 | 5acd53ef07355d001abf3d5a | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | In 1880, the newspapers News and Observer combined to form The News & Observer. It remains Raleigh's primary daily newspaper. The North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now known as North Carolina State University, was founded as a land-grant college in 1887. The city's Rex Hospital opened in 1889 and... | When did Rex Hospital close? | When did Rex Hospital close? | [
"When did Rex Hospital close?"
] | {
"text": [],
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gem-squad_v2-train-112943 | 570b32c46b8089140040f800 | Xbox_360 | Xbox Live Gold includes the same features as Free and includes integrated online game playing capabilities outside of third-party subscriptions. Microsoft has allowed previous Xbox Live subscribers to maintain their profile information, friends list, and games history when they make the transition to Xbox Live Gold. To... | How many users are subscribed to Xbox Live? | How many users are subscribed to Xbox Live? | [
"How many users are subscribed to Xbox Live?"
] | {
"text": [
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gem-squad_v2-train-73459 | 56d37eb059d6e41400146542 | American_Idol | Jessica Sanchez received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week, and the judges decided to use their "save" option on her, making her the first female recipient of the save. The following week, unlike previous seasons, Colton Dixon was the only contestant sent home. Sanchez later made the final two, the first... | Who was the first female to be saved by the judges on American Idol? | Who was the first female to be saved by the judges on American Idol? | [
"Who was the first female to be saved by the judges on American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
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gem-squad_v2-train-108906 | 5a7d14de70df9f001a874f75 | Literature | In ancient Greece, the epics of Homer, who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, and Hesiod, who wrote Works and Days and Theogony, are some of the earliest, and most influential, of Ancient Greek literature. Classical Greek genres included philosophy, poetry, historiography, comedies and dramas. Plato and Aristotle authore... | What types of texts did Plato and Socrates author? | What types of texts did Plato and Socrates author? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-44594 | 5707229c90286e26004fc949 | Chihuahua_(state) | Nueva Vizcaya (New Biscay) was the first province of northern New Spain to be explored and settled by the Spanish. Around 1528, a group of Spaniard explorers, led by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, first entered the actual territory of what is now Chihuahua. The conquest of the territory lasted nearly one century, and enco... | The Spanish crown wanted to turn the region into what type of industry? | The Spanish crown wanted to turn the region into what type of industry? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-24106 | 572943d53f37b319004781d5 | Bermuda | Bermuda watercolours painted by local artists are sold at various galleries. Hand-carved cedar sculptures are another speciality. One such 7 ft (2.1 m) sculpture, created by Bermudian sculptor Chesley Trott, is installed at the airport's baggage claim area. In 2010, his sculpture The Arrival was unveiled near the bay t... | What significant event does the sculpture The Arrival portray? | What significant event does the sculpture The Arrival portray? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-96926 | 5a21d4c68a6e4f001aa08f3a | Canon_law | Much of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called "inquisitorial", from the Latin "in... | What other law system do ecclesiastical courts share an adversarial form with? | What other law system do ecclesiastical courts share an adversarial form with? | [
"What other law system do ecclesiastical courts share an adversarial form with?"
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gem-squad_v2-train-72885 | 5ad362de604f3c001a3fdfad | Dell | The combined business is expected to address the markets for scale-out architecture, converged infrastructure and private cloud computing, playing to the strengths of both EMC and Dell. Commentators have questioned the deal, with FBR Capital Markets saying that though it makes a "ton of sense" for Dell, it's a "nightma... | What type of computing is the combined effort of MEC and Dell slated to address? | What type of computing is the combined effort of MEC and Dell slated to address? | [
"What type of computing is the combined effort of MEC and Dell slated to address?"
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gem-squad_v2-train-25852 | 5a836cfde60761001a2eb6b2 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper ... | What percentage of copper is forbidden in roofing and plumbing? | What percentage of copper is forbidden in roofing and plumbing? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-115913 | 572e84dcdfa6aa1500f8d07b | Richard_Feynman | After the war, Feynman declined an offer from the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, despite the presence there of such distinguished faculty members as Albert Einstein, Kurt Gödel and John von Neumann. Feynman followed Hans Bethe, instead, to Cornell University, where Feynman taught theoretical phy... | Which colleague did Feynman follow to Cornell? | Which colleague did Feynman follow to Cornell? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-114422 | 5ad245c7d7d075001a428ab1 | Emotion | Perspectives on emotions from evolutionary theory were initiated in the late 19th century with Charles Darwin's book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Darwin argued that emotions actually served a purpose for humans, in communication and also in aiding their survival. Darwin, therefore, argued that emo... | Along with survival, what did Darwin not see as the role of emotions in humans? | Along with survival, what did Darwin not see as the role of emotions in humans? | [
"Along with survival, what did Darwin not see as the role of emotions in humans?"
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gem-squad_v2-train-74055 | 56e4839b39bdeb140034796b | Architecture | Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. | India produced which early architectural text? | India produced which early architectural text? | [
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106
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gem-squad_v2-train-79718 | 570616a075f01819005e7972 | MP3 | MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III, more commonly referred to as MP3, is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio streaming or storage, as well as a de facto standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of m... | Other than storage, what is the common audio format used for? | Other than storage, what is the common audio format used for? | [
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189
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gem-squad_v2-train-51982 | 5ad3707d604f3c001a3fe249 | Miami | Miami (/maɪˈæmi/; Spanish pronunciation: [maiˈami]) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County. The 44th-most populated city proper in the United States, with a population of 430,332, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the Miami metropolitan ar... | On which coast of Florida is Miami not located? | On which coast of Florida is Miami not located? | [
"On which coast of Florida is Miami not located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Miami (/maɪˈæmi/; Spanish pronunciation: [maiˈami]) is ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-69750 | 5ad496b5ba00c4001a268cbb | Windows_8 | Task Manager has been redesigned, including a new processes tab with the option to display fewer or more details of running applications and background processes, a heat map using different colors indicating the level of resource usage, network and disk counters, grouping by process type (e.g. applications, background ... | What are some of the process type groups Windows 9 implemented? | What are some of the process type groups Windows 9 implemented? | [
"What are some of the process type groups Windows 9 implemented?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Task Manager has been redesigned, including a new proce... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-24305 | 572957101d046914007792c7 | Bermuda | In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged at par with the US dollar. US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes; however, banks levy an exchange rate fee for the purchase of U... | Who is pictured on Bermudian dollars? | Who is pictured on Bermudian dollars? | [
"Who is pictured on Bermudian dollars?"
] | {
"text": [
"Queen Elizabeth II."
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Berm... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-112950 | 570b33686b8089140040f807 | Xbox_360 | On May 26, 2009, Microsoft announced the future release of the Zune HD (in the fall of 2009), the next addition to the Zune product range. This is of an impact on the Xbox Live Video Store as it was also announced that the Zune Video Marketplace and the Xbox Live Video Store will be merged to form the Zune Marketplace,... | Where and when was the Zune HD marketplace announced? | Where and when was the Zune HD marketplace announced? | [
"Where and when was the Zune HD marketplace announced?"
] | {
"text": [
"E3 2009"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: On May 26, 2009, Microsoft announced the future release... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-88217 | 5a3c9ecfcc5d22001a521e3f | God | Adherents of different religions generally disagree as to how to best worship God and what is God's plan for mankind, if there is one. There are different approaches to reconciling the contradictory claims of monotheistic religions. One view is taken by exclusivists, who believe they are the chosen people or have exclu... | What does the New Age movement believe they have exclusive access to? | What does the New Age movement believe they have exclusive access to? | [
"What does the New Age movement believe they have exclusive access to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Adherents of different religions generally disagree as ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-81470 | 572409ef0ba9f01400d97b43 | Queen_Victoria | Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame, and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts. Through early January, she felt "weak and unwell", and by mid-January she was "drowsy ... dazed... | What had caused Victoria to be lame? | What had caused Victoria to be lame? | [
"What had caused Victoria to be lame?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rheumatism in her legs"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowh... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-22078 | 570b0ac3ec8fbc190045b802 | Aircraft_carrier | The Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three now retired Invincible-class carriers. The ships are HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft on peace time operations with a tailored group of up to ... | When is HMS Queen Elizabeth projected to commission? | When is HMS Queen Elizabeth projected to commission? | [
"When is HMS Queen Elizabeth projected to commission?"
] | {
"text": [
"in 2017"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL air... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-70904 | 57321138e17f3d1400422659 | Bird | In some species, both parents care for nestlings and fledglings; in others, such care is the responsibility of only one sex. In some species, other members of the same species—usually close relatives of the breeding pair, such as offspring from previous broods—will help with the raising of the young. Such alloparenting... | What is more common in birds than any other vertebrate class? | What is more common in birds than any other vertebrate class? | [
"What is more common in birds than any other vertebrate class?"
] | {
"text": [
"male parental care"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In some species, both parents care for nestlings and fl... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-104594 | 5732aa5bcc179a14009dabdf | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011. It concluded that "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserve’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance includi... | Who was not prepared for the financial crisis in 2007 by lacking a full understanding of the financial system? | Who was not prepared for the financial crisis in 2007 by lacking a full understanding of the financial system? | [
"Who was not prepared for the financial crisis in 2007 by lacking a full understanding of the financial system?"
] | {
"text": [
"key policy makers"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported i... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-67744 | 5726bff8dd62a815002e8f54 | Norfolk_Island | Australian citizens and residents from other parts of the nation now have automatic right of residence on the island after meeting these criteria (Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012). Australian citizens must carry either a passport or a Document of Identity to travel to Norfolk Island. Citizens of all other nation... | What will happen to travelers with an Australian visa who don't depart from the Australian Migration Zone? | What will happen to travelers with an Australian visa who don't depart from the Australian Migration Zone? | [
"What will happen to travelers with an Australian visa who don't depart from the Australian Migration Zone? "
] | {
"text": [
"the visa will have ceased"
],
"answer_start": [
562
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Australian citizens and residents from other parts of t... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-13256 | 56e78af900c9c71400d77279 | Nanjing | A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600... | How far from Nanjing is the Yangshan Quarry? | How far from Nanjing is the Yangshan Quarry? | [
"How far from Nanjing is the Yangshan Quarry?"
] | {
"text": [
"15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigant... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-112756 | 5a70ba5f8abb0b001a6760eb | Xbox_360 | The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime. Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) ... | What was the name of the orginal Xbox's streaming service? | What was the name of the orginal Xbox's streaming service? | [
"What was the name of the orginal Xbox's streaming service?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, whi... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-21420 | 56e6df336fe0821900b8ec11 | Adult_contemporary_music | This format often includes dance-pop (such as upbeat songs by Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue), power pops (mainly by boybands such as Backstreet Boys and Westlife), and adult-oriented soft rock music that are ballad-driven (typically by Aerosmith[citation needed], The Eagles, Sting, Toto and The Moody ... | What type of band are Backstreet Boys and Westlife? | What type of band are Backstreet Boys and Westlife? | [
"What type of band are Backstreet Boys and Westlife?"
] | {
"text": [
"boybands"
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134
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: This format often includes dance-pop (such as upbeat so... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-40796 | 5726bd4cdd62a815002e8ee4 | Predation | In an ecosystem, predation is a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked). Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation often results in the death of the prey and the eventual absorption of the p... | What is the key characteristic of predation? | What is the key characteristic of predation? | [
"What is the key characteristic of predation?"
] | {
"text": [
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996
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In an ecosystem, predation is a biological interaction ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-36932 | 5a0cae34f5590b0018dab4f7 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | The foundation explains on its website that its trustees divided the organization into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (foundation) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust (trust). The foundation section, based in Seattle, US, "focuses on improving health and alleviating extreme poverty," and it... | What did Warren Buffett divide the foundation into? | What did Warren Buffett divide the foundation into? | [
"What did Warren Buffett divide the foundation into?"
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"text": [],
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The foundation explains on its website that its trustee... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-21598 | 5730b004396df9190009628b | Sumer | It is speculated by some archaeologists that Sumerian speakers were farmers who moved down from the north, after perfecting irrigation agriculture there. The Ubaid pottery of southern Mesopotamia has been connected via Choga Mami transitional ware to the pottery of the Samarra period culture (c. 5700 – 4900 BC C-14) in... | How many levels of pre-Ubaid pottery were excavated by the French in the 1980s? | How many levels of pre-Ubaid pottery were excavated by the French in the 1980s? | [
"How many levels of pre-Ubaid pottery were excavated by the French in the 1980s?"
] | {
"text": [
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-65699 | 5728d223ff5b5019007da752 | Detroit | Detroit is one of 12 American metropolitan areas that are home to professional teams representing the four major sports in North America. All these teams but one play within the city of Detroit itself (the NBA's Detroit Pistons play in suburban Auburn Hills at The Palace of Auburn Hills). There are three active major s... | Where do the Tigers play? | Where do the Tigers play? | [
"Where do the Tigers play?"
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"text": [
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Detroit is one of 12 American metropolitan areas that a... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-13611 | 5a35712a788daf001a5f85f6 | Glacier | On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent except Australia, and on a few high-latitude oceanic islands. Between 35°N and 35°S, glaciers occur only in the Himalayas, Andes, Rocky Mountains, a few high mountains i... | Where is 99% of the world snow contained? | Where is 99% of the world snow contained? | [
"Where is 99% of the world snow contained?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast i... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-37915 | 572ff73b04bcaa1900d76f47 | Roman_Republic | Mithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus, a large kingdom in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), from 120 to 63 BC. Mithridates antagonised Rome by seeking to expand his kingdom, and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring. In 88 BC, Mithridates ordered the killing of... | Who was the leader of Pontus in the year 85 BC? | Who was the leader of Pontus in the year 85 BC? | [
"Who was the leader of Pontus in the year 85 BC?"
] | {
"text": [
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0
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gem-squad_v2-train-20796 | 56cd828562d2951400fa6672 | IPod | In 2010, a number of workers committed suicide at a Foxconn operations in China. Apple, HP, and others stated that they were investigating the situation. Foxconn guards have been videotaped beating employees. Another employee killed himself in 2009 when an Apple prototype went missing, and claimed in messages to friend... | What disappeared in 2009 prior to the suicide of a Foxconn employee? | What disappeared in 2009 prior to the suicide of a Foxconn employee? | [
"What disappeared in 2009 prior to the suicide of a Foxconn employee?"
] | {
"text": [
"Apple prototype"
],
"answer_start": [
257
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In 2010, a number of workers committed suicide at a Fox... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-102617 | 57303e10b2c2fd1400568ac8 | Association_football | In many parts of the world football evokes great passions and plays an important role in the life of individual fans, local communities, and even nations. R. Kapuscinski says that Europeans who are polite, modest, or humble fall easily into rage when playing or watching football games. The Côte d'Ivoire national footba... | Football made which wars more tense in the 1990's? | Football made which wars more tense in the 1990's? | [
"Football made which wars more tense in the 1990's?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yugoslav Wars"
],
"answer_start": [
804
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In many parts of the world football evokes great passio... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-45231 | 5a4c332b7a6c4c001a2bbbb1 | Sahara | The Sahara is the world's largest low-latitude hot desert. The area is located in the horse latitudes under the subtropical ridge, a significant belt of semi-permanent subtropical warm-core high pressure where the air from upper levels of the troposphere tends to sink towards the ground. This steady descending airflow ... | What aids cloud formation? | What aids cloud formation? | [
"What aids cloud formation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The Sahara is the world's largest low-latitude hot dese... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-105879 | 572f71df04bcaa1900d76966 | Compact_disc | The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) is described in a document produced in 1980 by the format's joint creators, Sony and Philips. The document is known colloquially as the Red Book CD-DA after the colour of its cover. The format is a two-channel 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44... | What is the formal name for a CD? | What is the formal name for a CD? | [
"What is the formal name for a CD? "
] | {
"text": [
"Compact Disc Digital Audio"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact D... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-88127 | 572864644b864d190016496e | God | Likewise, Émile Durkheim was one of the earliest to suggest that gods represent an extension of human social life to include supernatural beings. In line with this reasoning, psychologist Matt Rossano contends that when humans began living in larger groups, they may have created gods as a means of enforcing morality. I... | What are ways that small social groups can force morality? | What are ways that small social groups can force morality? | [
"What are ways that small social groups can force morality?"
] | {
"text": [
"gossip or reputation"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Likewise, Émile Durkheim was one of the earliest to sug... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-31919 | 572695bc5951b619008f7755 | Myanmar | Like the Pagan Empire, Ava, Hanthawaddy and the Shan states were all multi-ethnic polities. Despite the wars, cultural synchronisation continued. This period is considered a golden age for Burmese culture. Burmese literature "grew more confident, popular, and stylistically diverse", and the second generation of Burmese... | Who increased the spread of religious reforms in Myanmar? | Who increased the spread of religious reforms in Myanmar? | [
"Who increased the spread of religious reforms in Myanmar?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hanthawaddy monarchs"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Like the Pagan Empire, Ava, Hanthawaddy and the Shan st... | [
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