gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-76336 | 5a581222770dc0001aeeffc8 | Utrecht | To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays. During a thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee. There are also initiatives for amateur artists. The city subsidises an organisation for amateur education in arts ai... | What does the city host for visitors. | What does the city host for visitors. | [
"What does the city host for visitors."
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32392 | 5ad24ee3d7d075001a428c6b | Antarctica | During the Cambrian period, Gondwana had a mild climate. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica was at the equator, where sea floor invertebrates and trilobites flourished in the tropical seas. B... | What was deposited in Western Antarctica while it was in the Southern Hemisphere | What was deposited in Western Antarctica while it was in the Southern Hemisphere | [
"What was deposited in Western Antarctica while it was in the Southern Hemisphere"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24638 | 56cfbab4234ae51400d9bf19 | New_York_City | In 1785, the assembly of the Congress of the Confederation made New York the national capital shortly after the war. New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States. In 1789, the first President of the United States, George ... | Which organization made New York the national capital in 1785? | Which organization made New York the national capital in 1785? | [
"Which organization made New York the national capital in 1785?"
] | {
"text": [
"Congress of the Confederation"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89470 | 572f5d5eb2c2fd1400568081 | The_Blitz | Adolf Hitler failed to pay as much attention to bombing the enemy as he did to protection from enemy bombing, although he had promoted the development of a bomber force in the 1930s and understood that it was possible to use bombers for major strategic purposes. He told the OKL in 1939 that ruthless employment of the L... | What year was the beginning of enemy bombing first promoted by Hitler? | What year was the beginning of enemy bombing first promoted by Hitler? | [
"What year was the beginning of enemy bombing first promoted by Hitler?"
] | {
"text": [
"1930s"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57744 | 572eccf7cb0c0d14000f1590 | Quran | The proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named tajwid which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to elisions, where the pronunciation should be long... | What discipline concerns the way the Quran is correctly recited? | What discipline concerns the way the Quran is correctly recited? | [
"What discipline concerns the way the Quran is correctly recited?"
] | {
"text": [
"tajwid"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60598 | 5ace3e9b32bba1001ae4a034 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Several annual events—many of them centered on performing and visual arts—draw visitors to Ann Arbor. One such event is the Ann Arbor Art Fairs, a set of four concurrent juried fairs held on downtown streets. Scheduled on Wednesday through Saturday of the third week of July, the fairs draw upward of half a million visi... | What month is the Ann Arbor Film Festival held during the second week? | What month is the Ann Arbor Film Festival held during the second week? | [
"What month is the Ann Arbor Film Festival held during the second week?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33718 | 5726565df1498d1400e8dc74 | Film_speed | Upon exposure, the amount of light energy that reaches the film determines the effect upon the emulsion. If the brightness of the light is multiplied by a factor and the exposure of the film decreased by the same factor by varying the camera's shutter speed and aperture, so that the energy received is the same, the fil... | How is the exposure of film changed? | How is the exposure of film changed? | [
"How is the exposure of film changed?"
] | {
"text": [
"by varying the camera's shutter speed and aperture"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9950 | 572813fb3acd2414000df3f1 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In January 1957, the US adopted the Eisenhower Doctrine and pledged to prevent the spread of communism and its perceived agents in the Middle East. Although Nasser was an opponent of communism in the region, his promotion of pan-Arabism was viewed as a threat by pro-Western states in the region. Eisenhower tried to iso... | Although not communist, what about Nasser concerned pro-western groups? | Although not communist, what about Nasser concerned pro-western groups? | [
"Although not communist, what about Nasser concerned pro-western groups?"
] | {
"text": [
"pan-Arabism"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7723 | 56ddf3bb9a695914005b9721 | Iranian_languages | The multitude of Middle Iranian languages and peoples indicate that great linguistic diversity must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages. Of that variety of languages/dialects, direct evidence of only two have survived. These are: | How many of the Middlie Iranian tongues have remained in existence since ancient time? | How many of the Middlie Iranian tongues have remained in existence since ancient time? | [
"How many of the Middlie Iranian tongues have remained in existence since ancient time?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63797 | 5727dad64b864d1900163e9e | USB | The USB standard specifies relatively loose tolerances for compliant USB connectors to minimize physical incompatibilities in connectors from different vendors. To address a weakness present in some other connector standards, the USB specification also defines limits to the size of a connecting device in the area aroun... | How is a weakness addressed in some other connector standards? | How is a weakness addressed in some other connector standards? | [
"How is a weakness addressed in some other connector standards?"
] | {
"text": [
"the USB specification also defines limits to the size of a connecting device"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3819 | 56bfa24ea10cfb14005511e3 | Beyoncé | In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, "Nuclear". Beyoncé performed the American national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration in Washington, D.C. The ... | When did Destiny's Child release its album "Love Songs"? | When did Destiny's Child release its album "Love Songs"? | [
"When did Destiny's Child release its album \"Love Songs\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"January 2013"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107054 | 5ace6bea32bba1001ae4a64c | Hunting | Unarmed fox hunting on horseback with hounds is the type of hunting most closely associated with the United Kingdom; in fact, "hunting" without qualification implies fox hunting. What in other countries is called "hunting" is called "shooting" (birds) or "stalking" (deer) in Britain. Originally a form of vermin control... | What did deer stalking originally aim to protect? | What did deer stalking originally aim to protect? | [
"What did deer stalking originally aim to protect?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83880 | 5acda52007355d001abf48ad | Florida | Some sections of the state feature architectural styles including Spanish revival, Florida vernacular, and Mediterranean Revival Style. It has the largest collection of Art Deco and Streamline Moderne buildings in both the United States and the entire world, most of which are located in the Miami metropolitan area, esp... | What does Florida have the smallest collection of? | What does Florida have the smallest collection of? | [
" What does Florida have the smallest collection of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108857 | 5726ca9b5951b619008f7e3c | Literature | In ancient China, early literature was primarily focused on philosophy, historiography, military science, agriculture, and poetry. China, the origin of modern paper making and woodblock printing, produced one of the world's first print cultures. Much of Chinese literature originates with the Hundred Schools of Thought ... | What two inventions helped make Chinese literature especially important and portable? | What two inventions helped make Chinese literature especially important and portable? | [
"What two inventions helped make Chinese literature especially important and portable?"
] | {
"text": [
"modern paper making and woodblock printing"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20685 | 56cd5d3a62d2951400fa653d | IPod | Media files are stored on an iPod in a hidden folder, along with a proprietary database file. The hidden content can be accessed on the host operating system by enabling hidden files to be shown. The media files can then be recovered manually by copying the files or folders off the iPod. Many third-party applications a... | On what kind of operating system can hidden iPod files be accessed? | On what kind of operating system can hidden iPod files be accessed? | [
"On what kind of operating system can hidden iPod files be accessed?"
] | {
"text": [
"host"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17255 | 5ad14ea1645df0001a2d16ec | Uranium | In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of u... | Along with gas heated reactors, what type of reactor doesn't use uranium-235? | Along with gas heated reactors, what type of reactor doesn't use uranium-235? | [
"Along with gas heated reactors, what type of reactor doesn't use uranium-235?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114605 | 570a6f996d058f1900182e5f | Emotion | Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During... | Who was a notable scholastic thinker? | Who was a notable scholastic thinker? | [
"Who was a notable scholastic thinker?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thomas Aquinas"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32341 | 570dc8720b85d914000d7b55 | Antarctica | The climate of Antarctica does not allow extensive vegetation to form. A combination of freezing temperatures, poor soil quality, lack of moisture, and lack of sunlight inhibit plant growth. As a result, the diversity of plant life is very low and limited in distribution. The flora of the continent largely consists of ... | hat is low and limited in Antarctica? | hat is low and limited in Antarctica? | [
"hat is low and limited in Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"diversity of plant life"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66902 | 572838743acd2414000df744 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On April 6, 1990, the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church refused to yield. On April 29–30, 1990, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party. On May 15 the new parliament convened. The bloc of conse... | Who became the new patriarch of the UAOC in 1990? | Who became the new patriarch of the UAOC in 1990? | [
"Who became the new patriarch of the UAOC in 1990?"
] | {
"text": [
"Metropolitan Mstyslav"
],
"answer_start": [
716
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56285 | 5a457b0d19a820001a1eda7e | Nonprofit_organization | A charity is a nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances. For example, a charity is generally not allowed to pay its Trustees. In England and Wales, charities may be registered with the Charity Commission. In Scotland, t... | What are trustees subject to that other groups aren't? | What are trustees subject to that other groups aren't? | [
"What are trustees subject to that other groups aren't?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38928 | 5a2c7345bfd06b001a5aeb83 | Serbo-Croatian | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | What did the Balkans create historically? | What did the Balkans create historically? | [
"What did the Balkans create historically?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95478 | 57269e6bdd62a815002e8b1a | Yale_University | In 1909–10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905–06 to solve the problem of serious injuries. There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall p... | Who attempted to enact measures of football reform? | Who attempted to enact measures of football reform? | [
"Who attempted to enact measures of football reform?"
] | {
"text": [
"the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64589 | 5733c8a94776f41900661228 | Portugal | The country bounced between socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model. Land reform and nationalizations were enforced; the Portuguese Constitution (approved in 1976) was rewritten in order to accommodate socialist and communist principles. Until the constitutional revisions of 1982 and 1989, the constitution was ... | For what reasons were the Portuguese Constitution rewritten? | For what reasons were the Portuguese Constitution rewritten? | [
"For what reasons were the Portuguese Constitution rewritten?"
] | {
"text": [
"to accommodate socialist and communist principles"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39086 | 5731c7ade17f3d14004223d7 | Protestantism | On 31 October 1517, Martin Luther supposedly nailed his 95 theses against the selling of indulgences at the door of the All Saints', the Castle Church in Wittenberg. The theses debated and criticised the Church and the papacy, but concentrated upon the selling of indulgences and doctrinal policies about purgatory, part... | When did Martin Luther attach his 95 theses on the door of the church? | When did Martin Luther attach his 95 theses on the door of the church? | [
"When did Martin Luther attach his 95 theses on the door of the church?"
] | {
"text": [
"31 October 1517"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15850 | 5a82fb2ee60761001a2eb2b4 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | What are persistent infections characterized by the continual absence of? | What are persistent infections characterized by the continual absence of? | [
"What are persistent infections characterized by the continual absence of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97724 | 57327732b9d445190005eb3f | Humanism | Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition. The meaning of the term humanism has fluctuated according to the su... | What can be seen as of essential importance to a practiced of humanism? | What can be seen as of essential importance to a practiced of humanism? | [
"What can be seen as of essential importance to a practiced of humanism?"
] | {
"text": [
"human beings"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108261 | 56e04669231d4119001ac02f | Aspirated_consonant | Voiceless consonants are produced with the vocal folds open (spread) and not vibrating, and voiced consonants are produced when the vocal folds are fractionally closed and vibrating (modal voice). Voiceless aspiration occurs when the vocal cords remain open after a consonant is released. An easy way to measure this is ... | What is created when the vocal folds are spread and do not vibrate? | What is created when the vocal folds are spread and do not vibrate? | [
"What is created when the vocal folds are spread and do not vibrate?"
] | {
"text": [
"Voiceless consonants"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44260 | 5731e228b9d445190005e60e | Bras%C3%ADlia | Praça dos Três Poderes (Portuguese for Square of the Three Powers) is a plaza in Brasília. The name is derived from the encounter of the three federal branches around the plaza: the Executive, represented by the Palácio do Planalto (presidential office); the Legislative, represented by the National Congress (Congresso ... | What does the name 'Praça dos Três Poderes' come from? | What does the name 'Praça dos Três Poderes' come from? | [
"What does the name 'Praça dos Três Poderes' come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"the three federal branches around the plaza"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101261 | 5ad282fed7d075001a42983c | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | Eleven days after the Soviet invasion of the Polish Kresy, the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was modified by the German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation,) allotting Germany a larger part of Poland and transferring Lithuania's territory (with the exception of left bank of river S... | After amending the joint agreement, who received the smaller portion of Lithuania? | After amending the joint agreement, who received the smaller portion of Lithuania? | [
"After amending the joint agreement, who received the smaller portion of Lithuania?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28514 | 572e7c7303f989190075668f | Canadian_football | The first written account of a game played was on October 15, 1862, on the Montreal Cricket Grounds. It was between the First Battalion Grenadier Guards and the Second Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards resulting in a win by the Grenadier Guards 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing.[citation needed] In 1864, at Trinity College, T... | On which date was the first Canadian football game for which a written record has survived? | On which date was the first Canadian football game for which a written record has survived? | [
"On which date was the first Canadian football game for which a written record has survived?"
] | {
"text": [
"October 15, 1862"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1445 | 573156a305b4da19006bd06a | Mosaic | Christian mosaic art also flourished in Rome, gradually declining as conditions became more difficult in the Early Middle Ages. 5th century mosaics can be found over the triumphal arch and in the nave of the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. The 27 surviving panels of the nave are the most important mosaic cycle in Rom... | When did conditions become difficult for mosaic art in Rome? | When did conditions become difficult for mosaic art in Rome? | [
"When did conditions become difficult for mosaic art in Rome?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Early Middle Ages"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50274 | 5acebb0132bba1001ae4b200 | Neptune | Meanwhile, Le Verrier by letter urged Berlin Observatory astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle to search with the observatory's refractor. Heinrich d'Arrest, a student at the observatory, suggested to Galle that they could compare a recently drawn chart of the sky in the region of Le Verrier's predicted location with the c... | What was within 10 degrees of where Le Verrier predicted it would be? | What was within 10 degrees of where Le Verrier predicted it would be? | [
"What was within 10 degrees of where Le Verrier predicted it would be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-977 | 5a8460d97cf838001a46a7b5 | Endangered_Species_Act | Public notice is given through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area. Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing. A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice. "The purpose of the notice and c... | Which court publishes legal notices? | Which court publishes legal notices? | [
"Which court publishes legal notices?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104858 | 57337227d058e614000b5b19 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to obtain investor funds in exchange for most ... | Economist Paul Krugman explained the credit crisis via the implosion of which system? | Economist Paul Krugman explained the credit crisis via the implosion of which system? | [
"Economist Paul Krugman explained the credit crisis via the implosion of which system?"
] | {
"text": [
"shadow banking system"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36928 | 5725b834271a42140099d0a4 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | The foundation explains on its website that its trustees divided the organization into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (foundation) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust (trust). The foundation section, based in Seattle, US, "focuses on improving health and alleviating extreme poverty," and it... | What is held in the trust entity | What is held in the trust entity | [
"What is held in the trust entity "
] | {
"text": [
"it holds the assets of Bill and Melinda Gates, who are the sole trustees, and receives contributions from Buffett"
],
"answer_start": [
526
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29465 | 5730487aa23a5019007fd074 | Swaziland | In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa). The then Prime Minister Themba Dlamini declared a humanitarian crisis due to the combined effect of drought, land degradation, increased poverty,... | What percentage of HIV/AIDS infected in Swaziland are believed to be treated? | What percentage of HIV/AIDS infected in Swaziland are believed to be treated? | [
"What percentage of HIV/AIDS infected in Swaziland are believed to be treated?"
] | {
"text": [
"70% to 80%"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13147 | 5ad0282277cf76001a686c06 | Republic_of_the_Congo | The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 70% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Br... | What are urban economies dependent on the government for? | What are urban economies dependent on the government for? | [
"What are urban economies dependent on the government for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115523 | 570888bf9928a814004714dd | England_national_football_team | Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks. In 1996, England's away kit was changed to grey shirts, shorts and socks. This kit was only worn three times, including against Germany in the semi-final of Euro 96 but the deviation from the tra... | In 2011, England introduced a new away kit in what color? | In 2011, England introduced a new away kit in what color? | [
"In 2011, England introduced a new away kit in what color?"
] | {
"text": [
"navy blue"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62309 | 5728dc893acd2414000e0094 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | After an initial loss to Labor at the 1946 election, Menzies led the Liberals to victory at the 1949 election, and the party stayed in office for a record 23 years—still the longest unbroken run in government at the federal level. Australia experienced prolonged economic growth during the post-war boom period of the Me... | What promises did Menzies make in the 1949 election? | What promises did Menzies make in the 1949 election? | [
"What promises did Menzies make in the 1949 election?"
] | {
"text": [
"end rationing of butter, tea and petrol and provided a five-shilling endowment for first-born children"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56344 | 5a458cd019a820001a1edab0 | Nonprofit_organization | Many nonprofit organizations find it difficult to create consistent messaging that resonates with their various stakeholders as marketing budgets are minimal or nonexistent. Marketing is in many cases a taboo word that NPOs or others don't like to associate with such community benefit organizations. There are strategic... | What do stakeholders use to implement a marketing strategy? | What do stakeholders use to implement a marketing strategy? | [
"What do stakeholders use to implement a marketing strategy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100658 | 572e8aaec246551400ce4316 | Post-punk | As the initial punk movement dwindled, vibrant new scenes began to coalesce out of a variety of bands pursuing experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory in their work. Many of these artists drew on backgrounds in art and viewed their music as invested in particular political or aesthetic agendas. British music... | When the punk movement started shrinking, what began to fill the void left by their demise? | When the punk movement started shrinking, what began to fill the void left by their demise? | [
"When the punk movement started shrinking, what began to fill the void left by their demise?"
] | {
"text": [
"vibrant new scenes"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15610 | 5726b6e6f1498d1400e8e898 | Chinese_characters | Chinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese and some other Asian languages. In Standard Chinese they are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字). They have been adapted to write a number of other languages including: Japanese, where they are known as kanji, Korean, where they ... | What have been adapted to write in a number of other languages? | What have been adapted to write in a number of other languages? | [
"What have been adapted to write in a number of other languages?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese characters"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64152 | 5728318bff5b5019007d9ecf | Annelid | Earthworms make a significant contribution to soil fertility. The rear end of the Palolo worm, a marine polychaete that tunnels through coral, detaches in order to spawn at the surface, and the people of Samoa regard these spawning modules as a delicacy. Anglers sometimes find that worms are more effective bait than ar... | What annelid's rear end do Samoans like to eat? | What annelid's rear end do Samoans like to eat? | [
"What annelid's rear end do Samoans like to eat?"
] | {
"text": [
"Palolo worm"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88532 | 56d96c56dc89441400fdb440 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay |
Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to "security worries", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered n... | When did the Olympic torch visit Jakarta? | When did the Olympic torch visit Jakarta? | [
"When did the Olympic torch visit Jakarta?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 22"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68600 | 5a2f541ea83784001a7d2717 | Mesozoic | Recent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete until 30M years ... | What type of animals were especially quick to reestablish? | What type of animals were especially quick to reestablish? | [
"What type of animals were especially quick to reestablish?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31607 | 570d5163b3d812140066d6b2 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was som... | What does ADGB stand for? | What does ADGB stand for? | [
"What does ADGB stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Air Defence of Great Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24152 | 5ad40a15604f3c001a3fff84 | Bermuda | In the 17th century, the Somers Isles Company suppressed shipbuilding, as it needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land. Agricultural production met with limited success, however. The Bermuda cedar boxes used to ship tobacco to England were reportedly worth more than their contents.[citation needed] The... | What colony did Bermuda surpass in quantity of tobacco produced? | What colony did Bermuda surpass in quantity of tobacco produced? | [
"What colony did Bermuda surpass in quantity of tobacco produced?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52869 | 5727ac44ff5b5019007d9246 | Political_party | There are two broad categories of public funding, direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect, which includes broadcasting time on state media, use of the mail service or supplies. According to the Comparative Data from the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network, out of a sample of over 180 nations, 25%... | What percentage of nations provide direct funding? | What percentage of nations provide direct funding? | [
"What percentage of nations provide direct funding?"
] | {
"text": [
"58%"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12348 | 5733b31dd058e614000b60a0 | Antibiotics | The successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial gr... | How do you predict the clinical result? | How do you predict the clinical result? | [
"How do you predict the clinical result?"
] | {
"text": [
"several pharmacological parameters are used as markers of drug efficacy"
],
"answer_start": [
942
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13708 | 57270585708984140094d891 | Glacier | In glaciated areas where the glacier moves faster than one km per year, glacial earthquakes occur. These are large scale temblors that have seismic magnitudes as high as 6.1. The number of glacial earthquakes in Greenland peaks every year in July, August and September and is increasing over time. In a study using data ... | In what year were twice as many glacial earthquakes seen than in any other year in Greenland? | In what year were twice as many glacial earthquakes seen than in any other year in Greenland? | [
"In what year were twice as many glacial earthquakes seen than in any other year in Greenland?"
] | {
"text": [
"2005"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95842 | 5726f9485951b619008f83dd | Yale_University | Yale University, one of the oldest universities in the United States, is a cultural referent as an institution that produces some of the most elite members of society and its grounds, alumni, and students have been prominently portrayed in fiction and U.S. popular culture. For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Y... | What character in The Great Gatsby wrote editorials for the Yale News? | What character in The Great Gatsby wrote editorials for the Yale News? | [
"What character in The Great Gatsby wrote editorials for the Yale News?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nick Carraway"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35280 | 5ad0c662645df0001a2d02c9 | Gothic_architecture | Throughout Europe at this time there was a rapid growth in trade and an associated growth in towns. Germany and the Lowlands had large flourishing towns that grew in comparative peace, in trade and competition with each other, or united for mutual weal, as in the Hanseatic League. Civic building was of great importance... | What is one country that stayed mostly feudal and created spectacular architecture for its burghers rather than its royalty? | What is one country that stayed mostly feudal and created spectacular architecture for its burghers rather than its royalty? | [
"What is one country that stayed mostly feudal and created spectacular architecture for its burghers rather than its royalty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13970 | 56de83cecffd8e1900b4b9c1 | BBC_Television | While the "footprint" of the Astra 2D satellite was smaller than that of Astra 2A, from which it was previously broadcast encrypted, it meant that viewers with appropriate equipment were able to receive BBC channels "free-to-air" over much of Western Europe. Consequently, some rights concerns have needed to be resolved... | What are some entities that have taken issue with the possibility that BBC programming was being viewed for free? | What are some entities that have taken issue with the possibility that BBC programming was being viewed for free? | [
"What are some entities that have taken issue with the possibility that BBC programming was being viewed for free?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hollywood studios and sporting organisations"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64249 | 5728090c2ca10214002d9c2a | John_von_Neumann | During World War II he worked on the Manhattan Project with J. Robert Oppenheimer and Edward Teller, developing the mathematical models behind the explosive lenses used in the implosion-type nuclear weapon. After the war, he served on the General Advisory Committee of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, and lat... | For what organizations was Von Neumann a consultant after World War II? | For what organizations was Von Neumann a consultant after World War II? | [
"For what organizations was Von Neumann a consultant after World War II?"
] | {
"text": [
"United States Air Force, the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12642 | 5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda0e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form ... | How do cardinals sign that is not in accordance with tradition? | How do cardinals sign that is not in accordance with tradition? | [
"How do cardinals sign that is not in accordance with tradition?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99722 | 56fb7f60b28b3419009f1d98 | Middle_Ages | Popes called for crusades to take place elsewhere besides the Holy Land: in Spain, southern France, and along the Baltic. The Spanish crusades became fused with the Reconquista of Spain from the Muslims. Although the Templars and Hospitallers took part in the Spanish crusades, similar Spanish military religious orders ... | Along with the Baltic and Spain, in what area were crusades called? | Along with the Baltic and Spain, in what area were crusades called? | [
"Along with the Baltic and Spain, in what area were crusades called?"
] | {
"text": [
"southern France"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112691 | 5aced85832bba1001ae4b722 | United_States_Army | The army employs various individual weapons to provide light firepower at short ranges. The most common weapons used by the army are the compact variant of the M16 rifle, the M4 carbine, as well as the 7.62×51mm variant of the FN SCAR for Army Rangers. The primary sidearm in the U.S. Army is the 9 mm M9 pistol; the M11... | What type of frag grenade is used by the Coast Guard? | What type of frag grenade is used by the Coast Guard? | [
"What type of frag grenade is used by the Coast Guard?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89302 | 5a149d98a54d4200185292a1 | Great_power | Lord Castlereagh, the British Foreign Secretary, first used the term in its diplomatic context, in a letter sent on February 13, 1814: "It affords me great satisfaction to acquaint you that there is every prospect of the Congress terminating with a general accord and Guarantee between the Great powers of Europe, with a... | What is the Great power turning against in the letter sent in 1814? | What is the Great power turning against in the letter sent in 1814? | [
"What is the Great power turning against in the letter sent in 1814?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1771 | 570b3fc26b8089140040f82e | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The British, for their part, lacked both a unified command and a clear strategy for winning. With the use of the Royal Navy, the British were able to capture coastal cities, but control of the countryside eluded them. A British sortie from Canada in 1777 ended with the disastrous surrender of a British army at Saratoga... | What battle ended a British invasion from Canada in the Revolutionary War? | What battle ended a British invasion from Canada in the Revolutionary War? | [
"What battle ended a British invasion from Canada in the Revolutionary War?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saratoga"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93093 | 5aceed9232bba1001ae4b943 | Tajikistan | By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities. Registration with the SCRA requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location. Religious groups who do not have a physical structure ar... | People under the age of 16 are barred from what? | People under the age of 16 are barred from what? | [
"People under the age of 16 are barred from what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20050 | 57339c184776f41900660ea5 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university owns several centers around the world used for international studies and research, conferences abroad, and alumni support. The university has had a presence in London, England, since 1968. Since 1998, its London center has been based in the former United University Club at 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar S... | In what year did Notre Dame first have a facility in England? | In what year did Notre Dame first have a facility in England? | [
"In what year did Notre Dame first have a facility in England?"
] | {
"text": [
"1968"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6255 | 57277421708984140094ddf7 | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect tha... | Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight against Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade? | Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight against Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade? | [
"Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight against Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saint John of Capistrano"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52129 | 5ad38c86604f3c001a3fe5d2 | Miami | The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in... | Where does Miami rank in population among UN cities? | Where does Miami rank in population among UN cities? | [
"Where does Miami rank in population among UN cities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72387 | 572663205951b619008f712d | Greece | Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) si... | When did /Greece apply for ESA membership? | When did /Greece apply for ESA membership? | [
"When did /Greece apply for ESA membership?"
] | {
"text": [
"2003"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49217 | 57276d92708984140094dd47 | Tuberculosis | TB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. During this process, the bacterium is enveloped by the macrophage and stored tempora... | What specific part of the lungs marks the start of tuberculosis infection? | What specific part of the lungs marks the start of tuberculosis infection? | [
"What specific part of the lungs marks the start of tuberculosis infection?"
] | {
"text": [
"pulmonary alveoli"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61385 | 572f45a004bcaa1900d76808 | Flowering_plant | The internal classification of this group has undergone considerable revision. The Cronquist system, proposed by Arthur Cronquist in 1968 and published in its full form in 1981, is still widely used but is no longer believed to accurately reflect phylogeny. A consensus about how the flowering plants should be arranged ... | Who published an influential reclassification of the angiosperms in 1998? | Who published an influential reclassification of the angiosperms in 1998? | [
"Who published an influential reclassification of the angiosperms in 1998?"
] | {
"text": [
"APG"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75154 | 572f139a03f9891900756b74 | Elevator | Guests ascending to the 67th, 69th, and 70th level observation decks (dubbed "Top of the Rock") atop the GE Building at Rockefeller Center in New York City ride a high-speed glass-top elevator. When entering the cab, it appears to be any normal elevator ride. However, once the cab begins moving, the interior lights tur... | What do these floors serve as? | What do these floors serve as? | [
"What do these floors serve as?"
] | {
"text": [
"observation decks"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14843 | 5730a0a98ab72b1400f9c618 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Since Whitehead's metaphysics described a universe in which all entities experience, he needed a new way of describing perception that was not limited to living, self-conscious beings. The term he coined was "prehension", which comes from the Latin prehensio, meaning "to seize." The term is meant to indicate a kind of ... | How many modes does perception occur in according to Whitehead? | How many modes does perception occur in according to Whitehead? | [
"How many modes does perception occur in according to Whitehead?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
872
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28981 | 5ad3aefb604f3c001a3fec5e | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | Who had the biggest relator case settlement? | Who had the biggest relator case settlement? | [
"Who had the biggest relator case settlement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8481 | 5709a3e9ed30961900e843ac | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decis... | In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen? | In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen? | [
"In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen?"
] | {
"text": [
"white"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41916 | 5730ac97069b531400832227 | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | While other companies were moving on to 32-bit systems, Rare and Nintendo proved that the SNES was still a strong contender in the market. In November 1994, Rare released Donkey Kong Country, a platform game featuring 3D models and textures pre-rendered on SGI workstations. With its detailed graphics, fluid animation a... | Which company developed Donkey Kong Country? | Which company developed Donkey Kong Country? | [
"Which company developed Donkey Kong Country?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rare"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56838 | 5727ce6e3acd2414000dece0 | Gramophone_record | In some ways similar to the laser turntable is the IRENE scanning machine for disc records, which images with microphotography in two dimensions, invented by a team of physicists at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories. IRENE will retrieve the information from a laterally modulated monaural grooved sound source without touch... | Can IRENE read vertically modulated information? | Can IRENE read vertically modulated information? | [
"Can IRENE read vertically modulated information?"
] | {
"text": [
"cannot read vertically modulated information"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48303 | 56fa3ec18f12f3190063010b | Wood | It is common to classify wood as either softwood or hardwood. The wood from conifers (e.g. pine) is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons (usually broad-leaved trees, e.g. oak) is called hardwood. These names are a bit misleading, as hardwoods are not necessarily hard, and softwoods are not necessarily soft. ... | What's the scientific name for trees like the oak with broad leaves? | What's the scientific name for trees like the oak with broad leaves? | [
"What's the scientific name for trees like the oak with broad leaves?"
] | {
"text": [
"dicotyledons"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113982 | 5a42a04e4a4859001aac7250 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In the early 11th century, the Muslim physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen or Alhazen) discussed space perception and its epistemological implications in his Book of Optics (1021), he also rejected Aristotle's definition of topos (Physics IV) by way of geometric demonstrations and defined place as a mathematical spatial e... | What did Euclid and Ptolemy tie the visual perception of space to? | What did Euclid and Ptolemy tie the visual perception of space to? | [
"What did Euclid and Ptolemy tie the visual perception of space to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36515 | 5a272fdbc93d92001a40040b | Immaculate_Conception | By 750, the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the Byzantine East, under the name of the Conception (active) of Saint Anne. In the West it was known as the feast of the Conception (passive) of Mary, and was associated particularly with the Normans, whether these introduced it directly from the East or too... | What did Thomas Aquinas support attaching to the title conception of Mary? | What did Thomas Aquinas support attaching to the title conception of Mary? | [
"What did Thomas Aquinas support attaching to the title conception of Mary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112531 | 5aced4bf32bba1001ae4b643 | United_States_Army | The U.S. Army currently consists of 10 active divisions as well as several independent units. The force is in the process of contracting after several years of growth. In June 2013, the Army announced plans to downsize to 32 active combat brigade teams by 2015 to match a reduction in active duty strength to 490,000 sol... | How many divisions are there in the U.S. Navy? | How many divisions are there in the U.S. Navy? | [
"How many divisions are there in the U.S. Navy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43950 | 56cf7b7e4df3c31400b0d81c | Kanye_West | On January 5, 2012, West announced his establishment of the creative content company DONDA, named after his late mother Donda West. In his announcement, West proclaimed that the company would "pick up where Steve Jobs left off"; DONDA would operate as "a design company which will galvanize amazing thinkers in a creativ... | What was the goal of Kanye's new creative company DONDA? | What was the goal of Kanye's new creative company DONDA? | [
"What was the goal of Kanye's new creative company DONDA?"
] | {
"text": [
"to make products and experiences that people want and can afford"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85189 | 5a7fa67948f7d9001a0637dc | Supreme_court | The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act ... | What was the first judicial body in the United Kingdom? | What was the first judicial body in the United Kingdom? | [
"What was the first judicial body in the United Kingdom?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51943 | 570c672cb3d812140066d1d5 | John,_King_of_England | John initially adopted a defensive posture similar to that of 1199: avoiding open battle and carefully defending his key castles. John's operations became more chaotic as the campaign progressed, and Philip began to make steady progress in the east. John became aware in July that Arthur's forces were threatening his mo... | Who accompanied John? | Who accompanied John? | [
"Who accompanied John?"
] | {
"text": [
"William de Roches"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10143 | 572841e63acd2414000df7e1 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | American political scientist Mark Cooper asserted that Nasser's charisma and his direct relationship with the Egyptian people "rendered intermediaries (organizations and individuals) unnecessary". He opined that Nasser's legacy was a "guarantee of instability" due to Nasser's reliance on personal power and the absence ... | Who called Nasser an irrational and irresponsible leader? | Who called Nasser an irrational and irresponsible leader? | [
"Who called Nasser an irrational and irresponsible leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abd al-Azim Ramadan"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114298 | 5726a33bdd62a815002e8bb3 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | On 22 September 2003 the newspaper appeared to misjudge the public mood surrounding mental health, as well as its affection for former world heavyweight champion boxer Frank Bruno, who had been admitted to hospital, when the headline "Bonkers Bruno Locked Up" appeared on the front page of early editions. The adverse re... | Who was featured in the article on mental health? | Who was featured in the article on mental health? | [
"Who was featured in the article on mental health?"
] | {
"text": [
"Frank Bruno"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45463 | 571a616610f8ca140030500c | Ashkenazi_Jews | Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means "Jewishness" in the Yiddish language. Yiddishkeit is specifically the Jewishness of Ashkenazi Jews. Before the Haskalah and the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of Torah and Talmud for men, and a family and com... | In the past, while most Jews prayed in one language, they used which other language in their secular lives? | In the past, while most Jews prayed in one language, they used which other language in their secular lives? | [
"In the past, while most Jews prayed in one language, they used which other language in their secular lives?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yiddish"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97877 | 5732840c06a3a419008acab6 | Humanism | Eliot and her circle, who included her companion George Henry Lewes (the biographer of Goethe) and the abolitionist and social theorist Harriet Martineau, were much influenced by the positivism of Auguste Comte, whom Martineau had translated. Comte had proposed an atheistic culte founded on human principles – a secular... | What type of idea did he pose which was focused on facets of humanism? | What type of idea did he pose which was focused on facets of humanism? | [
"What type of idea did he pose which was focused on facets of humanism?"
] | {
"text": [
"atheistic"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108250 | 5acd1a5007355d001abf3509 | Aspirated_consonant | Preaspirated consonants are marked by placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol: ⟨ʰp⟩ represents the preaspirated bilabial stop. | What represents the preaspirated bilabial start? | What represents the preaspirated bilabial start? | [
"What represents the preaspirated bilabial start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95653 | 5ad3e267604f3c001a3ff537 | Yale_University | Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the ... | What is the current Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for? | What is the current Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for? | [
"What is the current Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68894 | 572f403e04bcaa1900d767da | Modern_history | The Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854,[ci... | What did The Antebellum age mark? | What did The Antebellum age mark? | [
"What did The Antebellum age mark?"
] | {
"text": [
"the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution."
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79092 | 56d132b717492d1400aabc08 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Following the discovery of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Wii version of Twilight Princess, an exploit known as the "Twilight Hack" was developed, allowing the execution of custom code from a Secure Digital (SD) card on the console. A properly designed save file would cause the game to load unsigned code, which... | What was the name of the hack discovered? | What was the name of the hack discovered? | [
"What was the name of the hack discovered?"
] | {
"text": [
"Twilight Hack"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10026 | 572827734b864d19001645ec | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1961, Nasser sought to firmly establish Egypt as the leader of the Arab world and to promote a second revolution in Egypt with the purpose of merging Islamic and socialist thinking. To achieve this, he initiated several reforms to modernize al-Azhar, which serves as the de facto leading authority in Sunni Islam, and... | What religious group did Nasser endeavor to reform? | What religious group did Nasser endeavor to reform? | [
"What religious group did Nasser endeavor to reform?"
] | {
"text": [
"al-Azhar"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98175 | 56f827e6aef2371900625e5a | Alps | This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old English Dictionary, the Latin Alpes might possibly derive from a pre-Indo-European word *alb "hill"; "Albania" ... | What name has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe? | What name has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe? | [
"What name has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe? "
] | {
"text": [
"Albania"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84323 | 5ad39813604f3c001a3fe7e3 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts. The only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary relates to the Supreme Court; the Supreme Court may exercise only appellate jurisdiction exce... | The Supreme court has power to set jurisdiction of what? | The Supreme court has power to set jurisdiction of what? | [
"The Supreme court has power to set jurisdiction of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21749 | 570a9c066d058f1900182ff4 | Aircraft_carrier | A fleet carrier is intended to operate with the main fleet and usually provides an offensive capability. These are the largest carriers capable of fast speeds. By comparison, escort carriers were developed to provide defense for convoys of ships. They were smaller and slower with lower numbers of aircraft carried. Most... | What type of carrier is the largest? | What type of carrier is the largest? | [
"What type of carrier is the largest?"
] | {
"text": [
"fleet carrier"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33871 | 57285f8eff5b5019007da1c1 | Alaska | With its myriad islands, Alaska has nearly 34,000 miles (54,720 km) of tidal shoreline. The Aleutian Islands chain extends west from the southern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions. Unimak Island, for example, is home to Mount Shishaldin, which is an occ... | On which island is Mount Shishaldin located? | On which island is Mount Shishaldin located? | [
"On which island is Mount Shishaldin located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Unimak Island"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24747 | 56cfe133234ae51400d9bfe3 | New_York_City | The city's total area is 468.9 square miles (1,214 km2). 164.1 sq mi (425 km2) of this is water and 304.8 sq mi (789 km2) is land. The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) above sea level, is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine. The summit of the r... | How many feet above sea level is Todt Hil? | How many feet above sea level is Todt Hil? | [
"How many feet above sea level is Todt Hil?"
] | {
"text": [
"409.8"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114173 | 57267d66f1498d1400e8e181 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | Murdoch found he had such a rapport with Larry Lamb over lunch that other potential recruits as editor were not interviewed and Lamb was appointed as the first editor of the new Sun. He was scathing in his opinion of the Mirror, where he had recently been employed as a senior sub-editor, and shared Murdoch's view that ... | What type of view did Lamb have of the Mirror? | What type of view did Lamb have of the Mirror? | [
"What type of view did Lamb have of the Mirror?"
] | {
"text": [
"scathing"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85173 | 5a7f9dca48f7d9001a0637ce | Supreme_court | The new Supreme Court of New Zealand was officially established at the beginning of 2004, although it did not come into operation until July. The High Court of New Zealand was until 1980 known as the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has a purely appellate jurisdiction and hears appeals from the Court of Appeal of New Z... | What are the District Court and Court of Appeal considered to be? | What are the District Court and Court of Appeal considered to be? | [
"What are the District Court and Court of Appeal considered to be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47333 | 5726f76f708984140094d740 | Madonna_(entertainer) | In 1985, Madonna commented that the first song to ever make a strong impression on her was "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" by Nancy Sinatra; she said it summed up her own "take-charge attitude". As a young woman, she attempted to broaden her taste in literature, art, and music, and during this time became interested... | Who sang the song these boots are made for walking? | Who sang the song these boots are made for walking? | [
"Who sang the song these boots are made for walking?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nancy Sinatra;"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111540 | 5732354ce17f3d140042272c | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The emperor Julian made a short-lived attempt to revive traditional and Hellenistic religion and to affirm the special status of Judaism, but in 380 under Theodosius I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire. Pleas for religious tolerance from traditionalists such as the senator Symm... | What was proclaimed the state religion under Theodosius I? | What was proclaimed the state religion under Theodosius I? | [
"What was proclaimed the state religion under Theodosius I?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nicene Christianity"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82571 | 56e7851100c9c71400d77217 | Daylight_saving_time | DST inherits and can magnify the disadvantages of standard time. For example, when reading a sundial, one must compensate for it along with time zone and natural discrepancies. Also, sun-exposure guidelines such as avoiding the sun within two hours of noon become less accurate when DST is in effect. | When using a sundial, we must adjust the reading to reflect natural discrepancies and the effect of what other influence? | When using a sundial, we must adjust the reading to reflect natural discrepancies and the effect of what other influence? | [
"When using a sundial, we must adjust the reading to reflect natural discrepancies and the effect of what other influence?"
] | {
"text": [
"time zone"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16554 | 572a381d3f37b319004787d0 | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Me... | With whom did Hayek share his 1974 award? | With whom did Hayek share his 1974 award? | [
"With whom did Hayek share his 1974 award?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gunnar Myrdal"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76755 | 572abb9d34ae481900deac91 | Philadelphia | The number of shootings in the city has declined significantly in the last 10 years. Shooting incidents peaked in 2006 when 1,857 shootings were recorded. That number has dropped 44 percent to 1,047 shootings in 2014. Similarly, major crimes in the city has decreased gradually in the last ten years since its peak in 20... | When did shootings peak in the city? | When did shootings peak in the city? | [
"When did shootings peak in the city?"
] | {
"text": [
"2006"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.