gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-46559 | 572664de5951b619008f7175 | Department_store | France's major upscale department stores are Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps, which both have flagship stores on Boulevard Haussmann in Paris and branches around the country. The first department store in France, Le Bon Marché in Paris, was founded in 1852 and is now owned by the luxury goods conglomerate LVMH. La ... | What are two main department stores in France? | What are two main department stores in France? | [
"What are two main department stores in France?"
] | {
"text": [
"Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25612 | 5acfd96577cf76001a6862cd | Namibia | Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual num... | How many white people were there in Namibia in the 2000 census? | How many white people were there in Namibia in the 2000 census? | [
"How many white people were there in Namibia in the 2000 census?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65454 | 5727b338ff5b5019007d92f1 | Detroit | Detroit (/dᵻˈtrɔɪt/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million... | What is the name of the county that Detroit is a part of? | What is the name of the county that Detroit is a part of? | [
"What is the name of the county that Detroit is a part of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wayne County"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8853 | 57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb2 | LaserDisc | Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programmin... | Did LaserDisks offer higher or lower quality sound and picture than VHS? | Did LaserDisks offer higher or lower quality sound and picture than VHS? | [
"Did LaserDisks offer higher or lower quality sound and picture than VHS?"
] | {
"text": [
"higher-quality"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46090 | 5ad3c2c6604f3c001a3fef97 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Baptism is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses. Jehovah's Witnesses do not practice infant baptism, and previous baptisms performed by other denominations are not considered valid. Individuals undergoing baptism must affirm publicly that dedication and baptism identify them "as one of Jeh... | At what age does a Jehovah's Witness do baptism? | At what age does a Jehovah's Witness do baptism? | [
"At what age does a Jehovah's Witness do baptism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49952 | 56ce4821aab44d1400b88658 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the ch... | When did the conquest of Tibet reach its peak? | When did the conquest of Tibet reach its peak? | [
"When did the conquest of Tibet reach its peak?"
] | {
"text": [
"1642"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100006 | 5ace4baa32bba1001ae4a1f8 | Guam | The Northern Mariana Islands had become a Japanese protectorate before the war. It was the Chamorros from the Northern Marianas who were brought to Guam to serve as interpreters and in other capacities for the occupying Japanese force. The Guamanian Chamorros were treated as an occupied enemy by the Japanese military. ... | Who were the Guamanian Chamorro loyal to? | Who were the Guamanian Chamorro loyal to? | [
"Who were the Guamanian Chamorro loyal to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78129 | 57275b0a5951b619008f88aa | Child_labour | Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organisations. Legi... | Where is there legislation that prohibits child labour? | Where is there legislation that prohibits child labour? | [
"Where is there legislation that prohibits child labour?"
] | {
"text": [
"Legislation across the world"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106789 | 572681d6708984140094c869 | East_India_Company | From the period of 1600, the canton consisted of a St George's Cross representing the Kingdom of England. With the Acts of Union 1707, the canton was updated to be the new Union Flag—consisting of an English St George's Cross combined with a Scottish St Andrew's cross—representing the Kingdom of Great Britain. After th... | IN what year did the canton become a flag with crosses on it and not just a cross? | IN what year did the canton become a flag with crosses on it and not just a cross? | [
"IN what year did the canton become a flag with crosses on it and not just a cross?"
] | {
"text": [
"1707"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98107 | 56e19cebe3433e1400423029 | Hydrogen | Under anaerobic conditions, iron and steel alloys are slowly oxidized by the protons of water concomitantly reduced in molecular hydrogen (H
2). The anaerobic corrosion of iron leads first to the formation of ferrous hydroxide (green rust) and can be described by the following reaction: | What does the anaerobic corrosion of iron lead to? | What does the anaerobic corrosion of iron lead to? | [
"What does the anaerobic corrosion of iron lead to?"
] | {
"text": [
"formation of ferrous hydroxide"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91605 | 5726682add62a815002e83f0 | Botany | In the mid-16th century, "botanical gardens" were founded in a number of Italian universities – the Padua botanical garden in 1545 is usually considered to be the first which is still in its original location. These gardens continued the practical value of earlier "physic gardens", often associated with monasteries, in... | Where was the first European botany garden at a university? | Where was the first European botany garden at a university? | [
"Where was the first European botany garden at a university?"
] | {
"text": [
"University of Oxford"
],
"answer_start": [
605
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-499 | 56f970019b226e1400dd1460 | Marshall_Islands | On September 15, 2007, Witon Barry (of the Tobolar Copra processing plant in the Marshall Islands capital of Majuro) said power authorities, private companies, and entrepreneurs had been experimenting with coconut oil as alternative to diesel fuel for vehicles, power generators, and ships. Coconut trees abound in the P... | How many kilowatts of power are produced by the solar plant built in 2009? | How many kilowatts of power are produced by the solar plant built in 2009? | [
"How many kilowatts of power are produced by the solar plant built in 2009?"
] | {
"text": [
"57"
],
"answer_start": [
447
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54330 | 5ad2d589d7d075001a42a3f3 | Christian | The earliest occurrences of the term in non-Christian literature include Josephus, referring to "the tribe of Christians, so named from him;" Pliny the Younger in correspondence with Trajan; and Tacitus, writing near the end of the 1st century. In the Annals he relates that "by vulgar appellation [they were] commonly c... | Trajan was said to be the scapegoat of who? | Trajan was said to be the scapegoat of who? | [
"Trajan was said to be the scapegoat of who?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10365 | 56e014a37aa994140058e2c5 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | The historical aspect of cartooning can be applied to mass reproduction or what? | The historical aspect of cartooning can be applied to mass reproduction or what? | [
"The historical aspect of cartooning can be applied to mass reproduction or what?"
] | {
"text": [
"recurring characters"
],
"answer_start": [
792
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28944 | 571ac3f89499d21900609afc | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | What caused a Tetanus outbreak? | What caused a Tetanus outbreak? | [
"What caused a Tetanus outbreak?"
] | {
"text": [
"contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22894 | 5735bb89e853931400426afa | Kathmandu | The Pashupatinath Temple is a famous 5th century Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva (Pashupati). Located on the banks of the Bagmati River in the eastern part of Kathmandu, Pashupatinath Temple is the oldest Hindu temple in Kathmandu. It served as the seat of national deity, Lord Pashupatinath, until Nepal was secula... | Prior to the secularization of Nepal, who was the country's national god? | Prior to the secularization of Nepal, who was the country's national god? | [
"Prior to the secularization of Nepal, who was the country's national god?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lord Pashupatinath"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35911 | 5a7330e253a187001ae6315c | Comcast | Comcast has also earned a reputation for being anti-union. According to one of the company's training manuals, "Comcast does not feel union representation is in the best interest of its employees, customers, or shareholders". A dispute in 2004 with CWA, a labor union that represented many employees at Comcast's offices... | What type of meetings did the Writers Guild of America protest? | What type of meetings did the Writers Guild of America protest? | [
"What type of meetings did the Writers Guild of America protest?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45631 | 573196af497a88190024909c | YouTube | YouTube is a global video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. The service was created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload... | When was Youtube created? | When was Youtube created? | [
"When was Youtube created?"
] | {
"text": [
"February 2005"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75968 | 5a4d305c7a6c4c001a2bbc21 | Web_browser | The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Web's continued development, and is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation. His browser was called WorldWideWeb and later renamed Nexus. | What was the W3C later renamed? | What was the W3C later renamed? | [
"What was the W3C later renamed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42554 | 571001fea58dae1900cd67c8 | Sexual_orientation | Translation is a major obstacle when comparing different cultures. Many English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language. Translation and vocabulary obstacles are not limited to the English language. Language can force individu... | What problems can arise due to translation issues? | What problems can arise due to translation issues? | [
"What problems can arise due to translation issues?"
] | {
"text": [
"can force individuals to identify with a label that may or may not accurately reflect their true sexual orientation"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25354 | 5730b7f28ab72b1400f9c6f4 | Namibia | The dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, and Namaqua, and since about the 14th century AD by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion. Most of the territory became a German Imperial protectorate in 1884 and remained a German colony until the end of World War I. In 1920, the L... | When did South Africa impose the apartheid policy on Namibia? | When did South Africa impose the apartheid policy on Namibia? | [
"When did South Africa impose the apartheid policy on Namibia?"
] | {
"text": [
"1948"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69192 | 5709c39b200fba14003682c6 | Houston | Many annual events celebrate the diverse cultures of Houston. The largest and longest running is the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, held over 20 days from early to late March, is the largest annual livestock show and rodeo in the world. Another large celebration is the annual night-time Houston Pride Parade, ... | What form of car parade is held in Houston? | What form of car parade is held in Houston? | [
"What form of car parade is held in Houston?"
] | {
"text": [
"Art Car Parade"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60690 | 5ace4be532bba1001ae4a202 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | WPXD channel 31, an affiliate of the ION Television network, is licensed to the city. WHTV channel 18, a MyNetworkTV-affiliated station for the Lansing market, broadcasts from a transmitter in Lyndon Township, west of Ann Arbor. Community Television Network (CTN) is a city-provided cable television channel with product... | Where is WPXD channel 13 based? | Where is WPXD channel 13 based? | [
"Where is WPXD channel 13 based?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110973 | 5a81c05031013a001a334e45 | Group_(mathematics) | Two groups G and H are called isomorphic if there exist group homomorphisms a: G → H and b: H → G, such that applying the two functions one after another in each of the two possible orders gives the identity functions of G and H. That is, a(b(h)) = h and b(a(g)) = g for any g in G and h in H. From an abstract point of ... | How does the second equality disprove the concept of isomorphic groups? | How does the second equality disprove the concept of isomorphic groups? | [
"How does the second equality disprove the concept of isomorphic groups?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95881 | 57262a0b271a42140099d6ae | Hokkien | There are many Hokkien speakers among overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia as well as in the United States. Many ethnic Han Chinese emigrants to the region were Hoklo from southern Fujian, and brought the language to what is now Burma (Myanmar), Indonesia (the former Dutch East Indies) and present day Malaysia and Singap... | What percent of Chinese Filipinos in the Philippines spoeak Hokkien? | What percent of Chinese Filipinos in the Philippines spoeak Hokkien? | [
"What percent of Chinese Filipinos in the Philippines spoeak Hokkien?"
] | {
"text": [
"98.5%"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93602 | 5728b383ff5b5019007da4df | Estonia | Half the deported perished, and the other half were not allowed to return until the early 1960s (years after Stalin's death).[citation needed] The activities of Soviet forces in 1940–41 and after reoccupation sparked a guerrilla war against Soviet authorities in Estonia by the Forest Brothers, who consisted mostly of E... | When were the deported Estonians allowed to return? | When were the deported Estonians allowed to return? | [
"When were the deported Estonians allowed to return?"
] | {
"text": [
"the early 1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97419 | 56cc13956d243a140015ee9c | Frédéric_Chopin | Chopin's relations with Sand were soured in 1846 by problems involving her daughter Solange and Solange's fiancé, the young fortune-hunting sculptor Auguste Clésinger. The composer frequently took Solange's side in quarrels with her mother; he also faced jealousy from Sand's son Maurice. Chopin was utterly indifferent ... | What was the name of Sand's daughter's fiance that contributed to deteriorating the relationship between Sand and Chopin? | What was the name of Sand's daughter's fiance that contributed to deteriorating the relationship between Sand and Chopin? | [
"What was the name of Sand's daughter's fiance that contributed to deteriorating the relationship between Sand and Chopin?"
] | {
"text": [
"Auguste Clésinger"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100666 | 572f8332a23a5019007fc6ba | Post-punk | As the initial punk movement dwindled, vibrant new scenes began to coalesce out of a variety of bands pursuing experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory in their work. Many of these artists drew on backgrounds in art and viewed their music as invested in particular political or aesthetic agendas. British music... | What was a common background of post-punk musicians? | What was a common background of post-punk musicians? | [
"What was a common background of post-punk musicians?"
] | {
"text": [
"backgrounds in art"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23174 | 5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0606 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilizatio... | The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on nondevelopment? | The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on nondevelopment? | [
"The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on nondevelopment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101498 | 56d4bcef2ccc5a1400d8319c | Dog | In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, dog had become the ... | In what century did "hound" start to only apply to hunting dogs? | In what century did "hound" start to only apply to hunting dogs? | [
"In what century did \"hound\" start to only apply to hunting dogs?"
] | {
"text": [
"16th"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52485 | 572928341d046914007790e3 | Planck_constant | Prior to Planck's work, it had been assumed that the energy of a body could take on any value whatsoever – that it was a continuous variable. The Rayleigh–Jeans law makes close predictions for a narrow range of values at one limit of temperatures, but the results diverge more and more strongly as temperatures increase.... | What does Planck's law correctly predict? | What does Planck's law correctly predict? | [
"What does Planck's law correctly predict?"
] | {
"text": [
"blackbody emissions"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85135 | 5a7f90fe48f7d9001a0637ac | Supreme_court | In Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Hong Kong (now known as the High Court of Hong Kong) was the final court of appeal during its colonial times which ended with transfer of sovereignty in 1997. The final adjudication power, as in any other British Colonies, rested with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC)... | What is also known as the CJPC? | What is also known as the CJPC? | [
"What is also known as the CJPC?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28310 | 5731c705e17f3d14004223d0 | Steven_Spielberg | Apart from being an ardent gamer Spielberg has had a long history of involvement in video games. He has been giving thanks to his games of his division DreamWorks Interactive most notable as Someone's in the Kitchen with script written by Animaniacs' Paul Rugg, Goosebumps: Escape from HorrorLand, The Neverhood (all in ... | When was The Neverhood released? | When was The Neverhood released? | [
"When was The Neverhood released?"
] | {
"text": [
"1996"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110753 | 573017f7a23a5019007fcd5d | Iran | Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkmenistan (9... | What longitudes does Iran lie between? | What longitudes does Iran lie between? | [
"What longitudes does Iran lie between?"
] | {
"text": [
"44° and 64° E"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51526 | 5705eb4352bb8914006896a4 | New_Delhi | With a total area of 42.7 km2 (16.5 sq mi), New Delhi forms a small part of the Delhi metropolitan area. Because the city is located on the Indo-Gangetic Plain, there is little difference in elevation across the city. New Delhi and surrounding areas were once a part of the Aravalli Range; all that is left of those moun... | What is the total area of New Delhi in square miles? | What is the total area of New Delhi in square miles? | [
"What is the total area of New Delhi in square miles?"
] | {
"text": [
"16.5 sq mi"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99745 | 56fb81078ddada1400cd64aa | Middle_Ages | Among the results of the Greek and Islamic influence on this period in European history was the replacement of Roman numerals with the decimal positional number system and the invention of algebra, which allowed more advanced mathematics. Astronomy advanced following the translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from Greek int... | In what city was a medical school located that was notably influenced by Islamic medicine? | In what city was a medical school located that was notably influenced by Islamic medicine? | [
"In what city was a medical school located that was notably influenced by Islamic medicine?"
] | {
"text": [
"Salerno"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20410 | 5a671646f038b7001ab0c1d4 | Glass | In 2004, NIST researchers presented evidence that an isotropic non-crystalline metallic phase (dubbed "q-glass") could be grown from the melt. This phase is the first phase, or "primary phase," to form in the Al-Fe-Si system during rapid cooling. Interestingly, experimental evidence indicates that this phase forms by a... | What forms in the AL-Fe-Si system during an isotropic glassy phase? | What forms in the AL-Fe-Si system during an isotropic glassy phase? | [
"What forms in the AL-Fe-Si system during an isotropic glassy phase?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2445 | 56d20c93e7d4791d0090262f | Buddhism | Devotion is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists. Devotional practices include bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting. In Pure Land Buddhism, devotion to the Buddha Amitabha is the main practice. In Nichiren Buddhism, devotion to the Lotus Sutra is the main practice. | Devotion is an important part of the practice of most what? | Devotion is an important part of the practice of most what? | [
"Devotion is an important part of the practice of most what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Buddhists"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66813 | 57281338ff5b5019007d9c8b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional "leading role" in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, headed by hardliner Mykolas Burokevičius, ... | What party did Lithuania's Communist Party break apart from? | What party did Lithuania's Communist Party break apart from? | [
"What party did Lithuania's Communist Party break apart from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Communist Party of the Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29264 | 571d2ccfdd7acb1400e4c23f | Pharmaceutical_industry | The top ten best-selling drugs of 2013 totaled $75.6 billion in sales, with the anti-inflammatory drug Humira being the best-selling drug worldwide at $10.7 billion in sales. The second and third best selling were Enbrel and Remicade, respectively. The top three best-selling drugs in the United States in 2013 were Abil... | How much money did Lipitor make before the patent expired? | How much money did Lipitor make before the patent expired? | [
"How much money did Lipitor make before the patent expired?"
] | {
"text": [
"$141 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88459 | 56db2b7fe7c41114004b4e91 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The outreach director of HRTR, Susan Prager, is also the communication director of "Friends of Falun Gong", a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto's wife and Ambassador Mark Palmer of NED. A major setback to the event was caused by footballer Diego Maradona, scheduled to open the relay throu... | The protests were considered to be overall what in nature? | The protests were considered to be overall what in nature? | [
"The protests were considered to be overall what in nature?"
] | {
"text": [
"peaceful"
],
"answer_start": [
686
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90564 | 5731bfc80fdd8d15006c64f5 | Pacific_War | The major Allied participants were the United States, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom (including the armed forces of British India, the Fiji Islands, Samoa, etc.), Australia, the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the Netherlands (as the possessor of the Dutch East Indies and the western part of New Guinea), Ne... | What nation possessed west New Guinea? | What nation possessed west New Guinea? | [
"What nation possessed west New Guinea?"
] | {
"text": [
"Netherlands"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28689 | 5a0f81c1decec900184755bd | Canadian_football | In most cases, the non-penalized team will have the option of declining the penalty; in which case the results of the previous play stand as if the penalty had not been called. One notable exception to this rule is if the kicking team on a 3rd down punt play is penalized before the kick occurs: the receiving team may n... | After the runback is made what happens? | After the runback is made what happens? | [
"After the runback is made what happens?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81176 | 5ad18069645df0001a2d1e69 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria's youngest son, Leopold, was affected by the blood-clotting disease haemophilia B and two of her five daughters, Alice and Beatrice, were carriers. Royal haemophiliacs descended from Victoria included her great-grandsons, Tsarevich Alexei of Russia, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, and Infante Gonzalo of Spain. Th... | How many of Victorias sons were carriers of the blood clotting disease that Leopold had? | How many of Victorias sons were carriers of the blood clotting disease that Leopold had? | [
"How many of Victorias sons were carriers of the blood clotting disease that Leopold had?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30720 | 572673f0dd62a815002e8569 | Mexico_City | Mexico City is located in the Valley of Mexico, sometimes called the Basin of Mexico. This valley is located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in the high plateaus of south-central Mexico. It has a minimum altitude of 2,200 meters (7,200 feet) above sea level and is surrounded by mountains and volcanoes that reach ele... | Why is Mexico City vulnerable to flooding? | Why is Mexico City vulnerable to flooding? | [
"Why is Mexico City vulnerable to flooding?"
] | {
"text": [
"no natural drainage outlet for the waters that flow from the mountainsides"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15094 | 572f6c2cb2c2fd14005680f9 | Hyderabad | The Kakatiya dynasty was reduced to a vassal of the Khilji dynasty in 1310 after its defeat by Sultan Alauddin Khilji of the Delhi Sultanate. This lasted until 1321, when the Kakatiya dynasty was annexed by Malik Kafur, Allaudin Khilji's general. During this period, Alauddin Khilji took the Koh-i-Noor diamond, which is... | What did the Malik Kafur do to the Kakatiya dynasty in 1321? | What did the Malik Kafur do to the Kakatiya dynasty in 1321? | [
"What did the Malik Kafur do to the Kakatiya dynasty in 1321?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Kakatiya dynasty was annexed"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49425 | 5a8740e61d3cee001a6a1147 | Tuberculosis | To encourage further discovery, researchers and policymakers are promoting new economic models of vaccine development, including prizes, tax incentives, and advance market commitments. A number of groups, including the Stop TB Partnership, the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, and the Aeras Global TB Vacci... | Where is Stop TB Partnership working? | Where is Stop TB Partnership working? | [
"Where is Stop TB Partnership working?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71597 | 56f8e48f9e9bad19000a06ad | Near_East | By the time of John Seller's Atlas Maritima of 1670, "India Beyond the Ganges" had become "the East Indies" including China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific in a map that was every bit as distorted as Ptolemy's, despite the lapse of approximately 1500 years. That "east" in turn was only an English ... | What had "India Beyond the Ganges" become? | What had "India Beyond the Ganges" become? | [
"What had \"India Beyond the Ganges\" become? "
] | {
"text": [
"the East Indies"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77321 | 5a53d0afbdaabd001a38674f | Armenians | The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia, itself a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion (it had formerly been adherent to Armenian paganism, which was influenced by Zoroastrianism, while later on adopting a few elements regarding identification of its pantheon with G... | What was a branch of Mesrop Mashtots? | What was a branch of Mesrop Mashtots? | [
"What was a branch of Mesrop Mashtots?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1045 | 572eb6c0c246551400ce4548 | Endangered_Species_Act | More than half of habitat for listed species is on non-federal property, owned by citizens, states, local governments, tribal governments and private organizations. Before the law was amended in 1982, a listed species could be taken only for scientific or research purposes. The amendment created a permit process to cir... | Before the amendment in 1982, under what situations could a listed species be displaced? | Before the amendment in 1982, under what situations could a listed species be displaced? | [
"Before the amendment in 1982, under what situations could a listed species be displaced?"
] | {
"text": [
"only for scientific or research purposes"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28043 | 572e877adfa6aa1500f8d0b9 | Steven_Spielberg | While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department. He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute, 35mm, Amblin', which he wrote and directed. Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, w... | What job was SPielberg offered when he was a student? | What job was SPielberg offered when he was a student? | [
"What job was SPielberg offered when he was a student?"
] | {
"text": [
"Universal Studios"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88491 | 56db30ebe7c41114004b4f03 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Wary of protests, the Indian authorities have decided to shorten the route of the relay in New Delhi, and have given it the security normally associated with Republic Day celebrations, which are considered terrorist targets. Chinese intelligence's expectations of points on the relay route that would be particularly 'vu... | Who was said to have canceled an official trip to China in protest? | Who was said to have canceled an official trip to China in protest? | [
"Who was said to have canceled an official trip to China in protest?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kamal Nath"
],
"answer_start": [
681
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95484 | 5ad3d467604f3c001a3ff2a8 | Yale_University | In 1909–10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905–06 to solve the problem of serious injuries. There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall p... | What did the rebellion to the old football measures start? | What did the rebellion to the old football measures start? | [
"What did the rebellion to the old football measures start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32191 | 572908166aef0514001549cc | Myanmar | The educational system of Myanmar is operated by the government agency, the Ministry of Education. The education system is based on the United Kingdom's system due to nearly a century of British and Christian presences in Myanmar. Nearly all schools are government-operated, but there has been a recent increase in priva... | Are children required to go to school or can they choose to stay at home and work ? | Are children required to go to school or can they choose to stay at home and work ? | [
"Are children required to go to school or can they choose to stay at home and work ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47584 | 572fd34a947a6a140053cd18 | Armenia | In the 1988–89 school year, 301 students per 10,000 population were in specialized secondary or higher education, a figure slightly lower than the Soviet average. In 1989 some 58% of Armenians over age fifteen had completed their secondary education, and 14% had a higher education. In the 1990–91 school year, the estim... | When did the National Polytechnic University of Armenia open? | When did the National Polytechnic University of Armenia open? | [
"When did the National Polytechnic University of Armenia open?"
] | {
"text": [
"1933"
],
"answer_start": [
957
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23701 | 572833d43acd2414000df6dd | Federalism | The Federal War ended in 1863 with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces. The United States of Venezuela were subsequently incorporated under a "Federation of Sovereign States" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederation of the United Sta... | When did the federal war end? | When did the federal war end? | [
"When did the federal war end?"
] | {
"text": [
"1863"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11178 | 5ad2f4e9604f3c001a3fda52 | Anthropology | Environmental anthropology is a sub-specialty within the field of anthropology that takes an active role in examining the relationships between humans and their environment across space and time. The contemporary perspective of environmental anthropology, and arguably at least the backdrop, if not the focus of most of ... | What was the first focus of field work in environmental anthropology? | What was the first focus of field work in environmental anthropology? | [
"What was the first focus of field work in environmental anthropology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78761 | 57309e2e8ab72b1400f9c5f8 | Greeks | The most widely used symbol is the flag of Greece, which features nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white representing the nine syllables of the Greek national motto Eleftheria i thanatos (freedom or death), which was the motto of the Greek War of Independence. The blue square in the upper hoist-si... | Is religion also represented on this cloth symbol of the Greek? | Is religion also represented on this cloth symbol of the Greek? | [
"Is religion also represented on this cloth symbol of the Greek?"
] | {
"text": [
"bears a white cross, which represents Greek Orthodoxy"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14612 | 5ad3c964604f3c001a3ff096 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead wa... | Why was every Nachlass left behind after Whitehead's death? | Why was every Nachlass left behind after Whitehead's death? | [
" Why was every Nachlass left behind after Whitehead's death?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107497 | 5a627b3df8d794001af1c020 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | On 27 August 2007, Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group, the owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia, announced an agreement to re-brand some 269 service stations across Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark, subject to obtaining regulatory approvals under the different competition laws in each country. On April 2010 Sh... | Who did Shell by gas stations and heavy vehicle supply networks from? | Who did Shell by gas stations and heavy vehicle supply networks from? | [
"Who did Shell by gas stations and heavy vehicle supply networks from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14724 | 573338734776f419006607a6 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fund... | How did Whitehead identify his system of metaphysics? | How did Whitehead identify his system of metaphysics? | [
"How did Whitehead identify his system of metaphysics?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"philosophy of organism\""
],
"answer_start": [
869
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76432 | 57336cced058e614000b5ad2 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | On 7 February 2007, the French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both St. Barthélemy and (separately) to the neighbouring Saint Martin. The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, when the first territorial council was elected, according to the law. The island has a president (elected every five years), a... | When was the last election held for the executive council positions? | When was the last election held for the executive council positions? | [
"When was the last election held for the executive council positions?"
] | {
"text": [
"in March 2012"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23214 | 5731b3b7b9d445190005e479 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Many early immigrant groups traveled to America to worship freely, particularly after the English Civil War and religious conflict in France and Germany. They included nonconformists like the Puritans, who were Protestant Christians fleeing religious persecution from the Anglican King of England. Despite a common backg... | What did the Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony both establish? | What did the Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony both establish? | [
"What did the Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony both establish?"
] | {
"text": [
"churches"
],
"answer_start": [
611
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66791 | 5727e4a64b864d1900163f73 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Spring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where people witnessed the previously feared Co... | When did the Berlin Wall get torn down? | When did the Berlin Wall get torn down? | [
"When did the Berlin Wall get torn down?"
] | {
"text": [
"1989"
],
"answer_start": [
646
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101094 | 5a5e63da5bc9f4001a75afb7 | Hindu_philosophy | Pāśupatas divided the created world into the insentient and the sentient. The insentient was the unconscious and thus dependent on the sentient or conscious. The insentient was further divided into effects and causes. The effects were of ten kinds, the earth, four elements and their qualities, colour etc. The causes we... | What was the sentient dependent on? | What was the sentient dependent on? | [
"What was the sentient dependent on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34018 | 5728cfe02ca10214002da881 | Alaska | Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction, shipping, and transportation. Military bases are a significant component of the economy in the Fairbanks North Star, Anchorage and Kodiak Island boroughs, as well as Kodiak. Federal subsidies are also an important part of the econ... | How, specifically, have tourists helped the local economy in Alaska? | How, specifically, have tourists helped the local economy in Alaska? | [
"How, specifically, have tourists helped the local economy in Alaska?"
] | {
"text": [
"supporting local lodging"
],
"answer_start": [
614
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55674 | 572696d45951b619008f7766 | Presbyterianism | Korean Presbyterian denominations are active in evangelism and many of its missionaries are being sent overseas, being the second biggest missionary sender in the world after the United States. GSM, the missionary body of the "Hapdong" General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyteri... | What is the name of the largest Presbyterian missionary organization in Korea? | What is the name of the largest Presbyterian missionary organization in Korea? | [
"What is the name of the largest Presbyterian missionary organization in Korea?"
] | {
"text": [
"General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12835 | 5ad30171604f3c001a3fdaad | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ... | What name was interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of popes? | What name was interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of popes? | [
"What name was interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of popes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103686 | 572a3b9caf94a219006aa8ef | East_Prussia | Through publicly funded emergency relief programs concentrating on agricultural land-improvement projects and road construction, the "Erich Koch Plan" for East Prussia allegedly made the province free of unemployment; on August 16, 1933 Koch reported to Hitler that unemployment had been banished entirely from East Prus... | What did Koch report to Hitler in 1933? | What did Koch report to Hitler in 1933? | [
"What did Koch report to Hitler in 1933?"
] | {
"text": [
"that unemployment had been banished entirely"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107845 | 571aa5ad10f8ca1400305250 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ... | For whom did Umar end the jizya? | For whom did Umar end the jizya? | [
"For whom did Umar end the jizya?"
] | {
"text": [
"converts to Islam"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31453 | 5a63e8297f3c80001a150b8d | Germans | German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium with the work of Max Skladanowsky. It was particularly influential during the years of the Weimar Republic with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau. The Nazi era produced mostly propaganda films although the work of Leni ... | What was Max Skladanowsky active in during the Weimar Republic? | What was Max Skladanowsky active in during the Weimar Republic? | [
"What was Max Skladanowsky active in during the Weimar Republic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27435 | 572faff7b2c2fd1400568351 | Transistor | The junction forward voltage is the voltage applied to the emitter–base junction of a BJT in order to make the base conduct a specified current. The current increases exponentially as the junction forward voltage is increased. The values given in the table are typical for a current of 1 mA (the same values apply to sem... | What is the junction forward voltage? | What is the junction forward voltage? | [
"What is the junction forward voltage?"
] | {
"text": [
"the voltage applied to the emitter–base junction of a BJT"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26612 | 5a77bafdb73996001af5a539 | University | Universities created by bilateral or multilateral treaties between states are intergovernmental. An example is the Academy of European Law, which offers training in European law to lawyers, judges, barristers, solicitors, in-house counsel and academics. EUCLID (Pôle Universitaire Euclide, Euclid University) is chartere... | What offers training in Asian law? | What offers training in Asian law? | [
"What offers training in Asian law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40876 | 5a6bb6444eec6b001a80a51e | Predation | Among predators there is a large degree of specialization. Many predators specialize in hunting only one species of prey. Others are more opportunistic and will kill and eat almost anything (examples: humans, leopards, dogs and alligators). The specialists are usually particularly well suited to capturing their preferr... | When alligators turn to an herbivorous diet what does this action maintain in their habitat? | When alligators turn to an herbivorous diet what does this action maintain in their habitat? | [
"When alligators turn to an herbivorous diet what does this action maintain in their habitat?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68988 | 572f714b04bcaa1900d7695e | Modern_history | Another action in 1917 that is of note was the armistice signed between Russia and the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk. As a condition for peace, the treaty by the Central Powers conceded huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire, greatly upsetting nationalists and conservati... | What were Vladimir Lenin's decisions caused by? | What were Vladimir Lenin's decisions caused by? | [
"What were Vladimir Lenin's decisions caused by? "
] | {
"text": [
"his sponsorship by the foreign office of Wilhelm II"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78583 | 572fc855b2c2fd140056846b | Greeks | Before the establishment of the Modern Greek state, the link between ancient and modern Greeks was emphasized by the scholars of Greek Enlightenment especially by Rigas Feraios. In his "Political Constitution", he addresses to the nation as "the people descendant of the Greeks". The modern Greek state was created in 18... | From what era is the Rigas Feraios believed to be a part of ? | From what era is the Rigas Feraios believed to be a part of ? | [
"From what era is the Rigas Feraios believed to be a part of ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek Enlightenment"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97976 | 5a82070631013a001a33510b | Humanism | Davies identifies Paine's The Age of Reason as "the link between the two major narratives of what Jean-François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation": the rationalism of the 18th-century Philosophes and the radical, historically based German 19th-century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians David Friedrich Straus... | What writing was considered a barrier between two other major writings? | What writing was considered a barrier between two other major writings? | [
"What writing was considered a barrier between two other major writings?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99670 | 56fb7a7f8ddada1400cd643d | Middle_Ages | The clergy was divided into two types: the secular clergy, who lived out in the world, and the regular clergy, who lived under a religious rule and were usually monks. Throughout the period monks remained a very small proportion of the population, usually less than one per cent. Most of the regular clergy were drawn fr... | What percentage of the European population consisted of monks? | What percentage of the European population consisted of monks? | [
"What percentage of the European population consisted of monks?"
] | {
"text": [
"less than one per cent"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30148 | 5acd533407355d001abf3d4e | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | After the Civil War began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops. During General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, Raleigh was captured by Union cavalry under the command of General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick on April 13, 1865. As the Confederate ca... | Who was the governor during World War II? | Who was the governor during World War II? | [
"Who was the governor during World War II?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37834 | 572fcda604bcaa1900d76d60 | Roman_Republic | By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome ... | What is the name of the chieftan who led his army to victory in the Battle of Allia River? | What is the name of the chieftan who led his army to victory in the Battle of Allia River? | [
"What is the name of the chieftan who led his army to victory in the Battle of Allia River?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brennus"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99083 | 572787c4f1498d1400e8fb0f | Turner_Classic_Movies | Turner Classic Movies also airs regularly scheduled weekly film blocks, which are periodically preempted for special themed month-long or seasonal scheduling events, such as the "31 Days of Oscar" film series in the month preceding the Academy Awards and the month-long "Summer Under the Stars" in August; all featured p... | On what day does The Essentials have its first airing each week? | On what day does The Essentials have its first airing each week? | [
"On what day does The Essentials have its first airing each week?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saturday"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42318 | 5728d21b2ca10214002da8b3 | Karl_Popper | Instead, he formulated the spearhead model of evolution, a version of genetic pluralism. According to this model, living organisms themselves have goals, and act according to these goals, each guided by a central control. In its most sophisticated form, this is the brain of humans, but controls also exist in much less ... | Organisms' goals shift along with which notable genetic process? | Organisms' goals shift along with which notable genetic process? | [
"Organisms' goals shift along with which notable genetic process?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mutations"
],
"answer_start": [
525
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11027 | 5ad2c034d7d075001a42a0e8 | Anthropology | Inquiry in sociocultural anthropology is guided in part by cultural relativism, the attempt to understand other societies in terms of their own cultural symbols and values. Accepting other cultures in their own terms moderates reductionism in cross-cultural comparison. This project is often accommodated in the field of... | What is cultural relativism guided by? | What is cultural relativism guided by? | [
"What is cultural relativism guided by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21433 | 56e6f11ade9d3714000680c8 | Adult_contemporary_music | Urban AC is a form of AC music geared towards adult African-American audiences, and therefore, the artists that are played on these stations are most often black, such as Des'ree, whose album I Ain't Movin' was massively popular amongst both African American audience as well as the wider national audience. | What is the ethnicity of artists commonly played on urban adult contemporary radio? | What is the ethnicity of artists commonly played on urban adult contemporary radio? | [
"What is the ethnicity of artists commonly played on urban adult contemporary radio?"
] | {
"text": [
"black"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34359 | 56f86abca6d7ea1400e175ee | Southampton | The Supermarine Spitfire was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the Schneider trophy-winning seaplanes of the 1920s and 1930s. Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque. Heavy bombing of the factory in September 1940 destro... | In what month of 1940 did bombs destroy the factory that made Mitchell's seaplanes? | In what month of 1940 did bombs destroy the factory that made Mitchell's seaplanes? | [
"In what month of 1940 did bombs destroy the factory that made Mitchell's seaplanes?"
] | {
"text": [
"September"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68565 | 5a2f4b02a83784001a7d26dd | Mesozoic | The Early Cretaceous spans from 145 million to 100 million years ago. The Early Cretaceous saw the expansion of seaways, and as a result, the decline and extinction of sauropods (except in South America). Many coastal shallows were created, and that caused Ichthyosaurs to die out. Mosasaurs evolved to replace them as h... | What species was most similar to crocodiles? | What species was most similar to crocodiles? | [
"What species was most similar to crocodiles?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74484 | 5ace5b7132bba1001ae4a3b8 | Asphalt | In 1838, Claridge obtained patents in Scotland on 27 March, and Ireland on 23 April, and in 1851 extensions were sought for all three patents, by the trustees of a company previously formed by Claridge. This was Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company, formed in 1838 for the purpose of introducing to Britain "Asphalte in it... | What were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway of Canterbury? | What were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway of Canterbury? | [
"What were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway of Canterbury?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84533 | 5ad4bda75b96ef001a109ec4 | San_Diego | From the start of the 20th century through the 1970s, the American tuna fishing fleet and tuna canning industry were based in San Diego, "the tuna capital of the world". San Diego's first tuna cannery was founded in 1911, and by the mid-1930s the canneries employed more than 1,000 people. A large fishing fleet supporte... | What nickname was San Diego given by the tuna canning industry in the 1960s? | What nickname was San Diego given by the tuna canning industry in the 1960s? | [
"What nickname was San Diego given by the tuna canning industry in the 1960s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24649 | 56cee4d1aab44d1400b88c0f | New_York_City | In the 19th century, the city was transformed by development relating to its status as a trading center, as well as by European immigration. The city adopted the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, which expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan. The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal through central New York... | What plan of 1811 spread a grid of streets across Manhattan? | What plan of 1811 spread a grid of streets across Manhattan? | [
"What plan of 1811 spread a grid of streets across Manhattan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Commissioners' Plan"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78019 | 5acd6b8107355d001abf4169 | Strasbourg | The German Renaissance has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially the current Chambre de commerce et d'industrie, former town hall, on Place Gutenberg), as did the French Baroque and Classicism with several hôtels particuliers (i.e. palaces), among which the Palais Rohan (1742, now housing three muse... | What style of building is the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie? | What style of building is the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie? | [
"What style of building is the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69267 | 5ad41ccd604f3c001a40059d | Houston | By 1860, Houston had emerged as a commercial and railroad hub for the export of cotton. Railroad spurs from the Texas inland converged in Houston, where they met rail lines to the ports of Galveston and Beaumont. During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Bankhead Magruder, who use... | What was Houston known for by 1810? | What was Houston known for by 1810? | [
" What was Houston known for by 1810?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67125 | 57270149708984140094d856 | Nutrition | Studies of nutritional status must take into account the state of the body before and after experiments, as well as the chemical composition of the whole diet and of all material excreted and eliminated from the body (in urine and feces). Comparing the food to the waste can help determine the specific compounds and ele... | It is important to examine both the feces and what other excrement when studying absorption? | It is important to examine both the feces and what other excrement when studying absorption? | [
"It is important to examine both the feces and what other excrement when studying absorption?"
] | {
"text": [
"urine"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84163 | 5730846a069b53140083214b | Translation | One of the first recorded instances of translation in the West was the rendering of the Old Testament into Greek in the 3rd century BCE. The translation is known as the "Septuagint", a name that refers to the seventy translators (seventy-two, in some versions) who were commissioned to translate the Bible at Alexandria,... | According to myth, what property did all seventy versions of the bible have? | According to myth, what property did all seventy versions of the bible have? | [
"According to myth, what property did all seventy versions of the bible have?"
] | {
"text": [
"identical"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64397 | 572841842ca10214002da1b0 | John_von_Neumann | In 1950, von Neumann became a consultant to the Weapons Systems Evaluation Group (WSEG), whose function was to advise the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the United States Secretary of Defense on the development and use of new technologies. He also became an adviser to the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project (AFSWP), which ... | What committee did von Neumann serve on within the Atomic Energy Commission? | What committee did von Neumann serve on within the Atomic Energy Commission? | [
"What committee did von Neumann serve on within the Atomic Energy Commission?"
] | {
"text": [
"General Advisory Committee"
],
"answer_start": [
508
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37259 | 57279bd5dd62a815002ea1df | Switzerland | The structure of the Swiss militia system stipulates that the soldiers keep their Army issued equipment, including all personal weapons, at home. Some organizations and political parties find this practice controversial but mainstream Swiss opinion is in favour of the system. Compulsory military service concerns all ma... | What replaced Army 95 in 2003? | What replaced Army 95 in 2003? | [
"What replaced Army 95 in 2003?"
] | {
"text": [
"Army XXI"
],
"answer_start": [
702
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90199 | 5acfd3c877cf76001a686218 | Tibet | The Tibetan Empire emerged in the 7th century, but with the fall of the empire the region soon divided into a variety of territories. The bulk of western and central Tibet (Ü-Tsang) was often at least nominally unified under a series of Tibetan governments in Lhasa, Shigatse, or nearby locations; these governments were... | What empire emerged in the 18th century? | What empire emerged in the 18th century? | [
"What empire emerged in the 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64433 | 57284ec5ff5b5019007da15c | John_von_Neumann | Von Neumann's ability to instantaneously perform complex operations in his head stunned other mathematicians. Eugene Wigner wrote that, seeing von Neumann's mind at work, "one had the impression of a perfect instrument whose gears were machined to mesh accurately to a thousandth of an inch." Paul Halmos states that "vo... | Did von Neumann enjoy thinking? | Did von Neumann enjoy thinking? | [
"Did von Neumann enjoy thinking?"
] | {
"text": [
"Neumann actually enjoyed thinking, maybe even to the exclusion of everything else."
],
"answer_start": [
904
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28843 | 571aaeda10f8ca14003052d5 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | What drug killed 100 people in 1937? | What drug killed 100 people in 1937? | [
"What drug killed 100 people in 1937?"
] | {
"text": [
"Elixir Sulfanilamide"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42599 | 57100c2ea58dae1900cd6807 | Sexual_orientation | More recently, scientists have started to focus on measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal, by using brain-scanning techniques. A study on how heterosexual and homosexual men's brains react to seeing pictures of naked men and women has found that both hetero- and homosexual men react positively to... | How do scientiest measure brain activity? | How do scientiest measure brain activity? | [
"How do scientiest measure brain activity?"
] | {
"text": [
"by using brain-scanning techniques"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2739 | 5acd1a1a07355d001abf3500 | British_Isles | The oldest rocks in the group are in the north west of Scotland, Ireland and North Wales and are 2,700 million years old. During the Silurian period the north-western regions collided with the south-east, which had been part of a separate continental landmass. The topography of the islands is modest in scale by global ... | What Island was inhabited in 12,000 B.C. | What Island was inhabited in 12,000 B.C. | [
"What Island was inhabited in 12,000 B.C."
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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