gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-109563 | 5728ee664b864d19001650b8 | Samurai | In 1274, the Mongol-founded Yuan dynasty in China sent a force of some 40,000 men and 900 ships to invade Japan in northern Kyūshū. Japan mustered a mere 10,000 samurai to meet this threat. The invading army was harassed by major thunderstorms throughout the invasion, which aided the defenders by inflicting heavy casua... | How many samurai did Japan defeat the Yuan invasion with? | How many samurai did Japan defeat the Yuan invasion with? | [
"How many samurai did Japan defeat the Yuan invasion with?"
] | {
"text": [
"10,000"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89584 | 572fbec404bcaa1900d76c68 | The_Blitz | In the inter-war years and after 1940, Hugh Dowding, Air Officer Commanding Fighter Command has received credit for the defence of British air space and the failure of the Luftwaffe to achieve air superiority. However, Dowding had spent so much effort preparing day fighter defences, there was little to prevent the Germ... | Why were civic and political leaders worried about Dowdings? | Why were civic and political leaders worried about Dowdings? | [
"Why were civic and political leaders worried about Dowdings?"
] | {
"text": [
"lack of reaction to the new crisis"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108613 | 572c84d4dfb02c14005c6b92 | Tennessee | Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free... | Which Tennessee city contains the headquarters of the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy? | Which Tennessee city contains the headquarters of the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy? | [
"Which Tennessee city contains the headquarters of the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cleveland"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93270 | 573113d805b4da19006bcd59 | Light-emitting_diode | With nitrides containing aluminium, most often AlGaN and AlGaInN, even shorter wavelengths are achievable. Ultraviolet LEDs in a range of wavelengths are becoming available on the market. Near-UV emitters at wavelengths around 375–395 nm are already cheap and often encountered, for example, as black light lamp replacem... | Shorter wavelength diodes provide wavelengths as low as what? | Shorter wavelength diodes provide wavelengths as low as what? | [
"Shorter wavelength diodes provide wavelengths as low as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"240 nm"
],
"answer_start": [
531
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74235 | 5acfb20d77cf76001a68591e | Architecture | Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an intere... | Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated building"? | Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated building"? | [
" Who called postmodern architecture a \"decorated building\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15662 | 5726dc26708984140094d3e5 | Chinese_characters | For instance, to look up the character where the sound is not known, e.g., 松 (pine tree), the user first determines which part of the character is the radical (here 木), then counts the number of strokes in the radical (four), and turns to the radical index (usually located on the inside front or back cover of the dicti... | What contains four strokes? | What contains four strokes? | [
"What contains four strokes?"
] | {
"text": [
"right half of the character"
],
"answer_start": [
645
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109811 | 5ad3fcc2604f3c001a3ffbad | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Within the context of the overall murder rate, the death penalty cannot be said to be widely or routinely used in the United States; in recent years the average has been about one execution for about every 700 murders committed, or 1 execution for about every 325 murder convictions. However, 32 of the 50 states still e... | How many states in the US do not have the death penalty? | How many states in the US do not have the death penalty? | [
" How many states in the US do not have the death penalty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87747 | 5729d8b71d04691400779630 | IBM | The birthplace of IBM, Endicott, suffered pollution for decades, however. IBM used liquid cleaning agents in circuit board assembly operation for more than two decades, and six spills and leaks were recorded, including one leak in 1979 of 4,100 gallons from an underground tank. These left behind volatile organic compou... | How many gallons of liquid cleaning agent leaked from an IBM facility in 1979? | How many gallons of liquid cleaning agent leaked from an IBM facility in 1979? | [
"How many gallons of liquid cleaning agent leaked from an IBM facility in 1979?"
] | {
"text": [
"4,100 gallons"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96184 | 5728cc7b3acd2414000dfec6 | Paris | The budget of the city for 2013 was €7.6 billion, of which 5.4 billion went for city administration, while €2.2 billion went for investment. The largest part of the budget (38 percent) went for public housing and urbanism projects; 15 percent for roads and transport; 8 percent for schools (which are mostly financed by ... | How much of the budget was allocated for city administration? | How much of the budget was allocated for city administration? | [
"How much of the budget was allocated for city administration?"
] | {
"text": [
"5.4 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31470 | 5a63e9847f3c80001a150b9a | Germans | Roman Catholicism was the sole established religion in the Holy Roman Empire until the Reformation changed this drastically. In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church as he saw it as a corruption of Christian faith. Through this, he altered the course of European and world history and established Protestant... | Who challenged the Catholic Church in the 15th century? | Who challenged the Catholic Church in the 15th century? | [
"Who challenged the Catholic Church in the 15th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10768 | 56fde82419033b140034cda7 | Computer | Early computing machines had fixed programs. Changing its function required the re-wiring and re-structuring of the machine. With the proposal of the stored-program computer this changed. A stored-program computer includes by design an instruction set and can store in memory a set of instructions (a program) that detai... | When did Alan Turing join the National Physical Laboratory? | When did Alan Turing join the National Physical Laboratory? | [
"When did Alan Turing join the National Physical Laboratory?"
] | {
"text": [
"1945"
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77308 | 57320a38e99e3014001e6462 | Armenians | The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became ... | During which dynasty was Armenia established? | During which dynasty was Armenia established? | [
"During which dynasty was Armenia established?"
] | {
"text": [
"Orontid dynasty"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63886 | 5728046cff5b5019007d9b04 | USB | After the sync field, all packets are made of 8-bit bytes, transmitted least-significant bit first. The first byte is a packet identifier (PID) byte. The PID is actually 4 bits; the byte consists of the 4-bit PID followed by its bitwise complement. This redundancy helps detect errors. (Note also that a PID byte contain... | After the sync field, all packets are made of how many bit bytes? | After the sync field, all packets are made of how many bit bytes? | [
"After the sync field, all packets are made of how many bit bytes?"
] | {
"text": [
"8-bit bytes"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60736 | 570afbdf6b8089140040f67a | Gregorian_calendar | During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac... | What difference in dating caused the use of double-dating documents? | What difference in dating caused the use of double-dating documents? | [
"What difference in dating caused the use of double-dating documents?"
] | {
"text": [
"different beginnings of the year"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10364 | 56e014a37aa994140058e2c4 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | When is the term comics considered singular rather than plural? | When is the term comics considered singular rather than plural? | [
"When is the term comics considered singular rather than plural?"
] | {
"text": [
"when it refers to the medium"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70322 | 572995f63f37b319004784ae | Neoclassical_architecture | The earliest examples of neoclassical architecture in Hungary may be found in Vác. In this town the triumphal arch and the neoclassical façade of the baroque Cathedral were designed by the French architect Isidor Marcellus Amandus Ganneval (Isidore Canevale) in the 1760s. Also the work of a French architect Charles Mor... | Who is famous for Cathedral Eger and Esztergom? | Who is famous for Cathedral Eger and Esztergom? | [
"Who is famous for Cathedral Eger and Esztergom?"
] | {
"text": [
"József Hild"
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112217 | 57291b5a3f37b31900478023 | Race_(human_categorization) | Wright himself believed that values >0.25 represent very great genetic variation and that an FST of 0.15–0.25 represented great variation. However, about 5% of human variation occurs between populations within continents, therefore FST values between continental groups of humans (or races) of as low as 0.1 (or possibly... | FST values greater than .25 represent very great what? | FST values greater than .25 represent very great what? | [
"FST values greater than .25 represent very great what?"
] | {
"text": [
"genetic variation"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34278 | 56f833afaef2371900625efa | Southampton | Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age. Following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 and the conquering of the local Britons in 70 AD the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of Winchester, at the site of... | What is the site of Clausentum called now? | What is the site of Clausentum called now? | [
"What is the site of Clausentum called now?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bitterne Manor"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102459 | 5ad3c65a604f3c001a3ff021 | High-definition_television | Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup o... | At what rate is standard 50mm photographic film exposed and projected? | At what rate is standard 50mm photographic film exposed and projected? | [
"At what rate is standard 50mm photographic film exposed and projected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8529 | 5acdf58232bba1001ae498e1 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't... | Which group originally destroyed the Soviet state? | Which group originally destroyed the Soviet state? | [
"Which group originally destroyed the Soviet state?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85123 | 5727785fdd62a815002e9dc2 | Supreme_court | In Canada, the Supreme Court of Canada was established in 1875 but only became the highest court in the country in 1949 when the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was abolished. This court hears appeals of decisions made by courts of appeal from the provinces and territories and appeals of ... | If a provincial case is appealed, how is the Supreme Court's decision applied? | If a provincial case is appealed, how is the Supreme Court's decision applied? | [
"If a provincial case is appealed, how is the Supreme Court's decision applied?"
] | {
"text": [
"The court's decisions are final and binding"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69921 | 5ad49d7cba00c4001a268dde | Windows_8 | Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows 8 was distributed at retail in "Upgrade" licenses only, which require an existing version of Windows to install. The "full version software" SKU, which was more expensive but could be installed on computers without an eligible OS or none at all, was discontinued. In lieu of ... | What restrictions don't Windows upgrade licenses have? | What restrictions don't Windows upgrade licenses have? | [
"What restrictions don't Windows upgrade licenses have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64259 | 57280c03ff5b5019007d9bad | John_von_Neumann | In 1913, his father was elevated to the nobility for his service to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Emperor Franz Joseph. The Neumann family thus acquired the hereditary appellation Margittai, meaning of Marghita. The family had no connection with the town; the appellation was chosen in reference to Margaret, as was tho... | What was Von Neumann's given name as member of Austro-Hungarian nobility? | What was Von Neumann's given name as member of Austro-Hungarian nobility? | [
"What was Von Neumann's given name as member of Austro-Hungarian nobility?"
] | {
"text": [
"Margittai Neumann János"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110860 | 57303815947a6a140053d2c7 | Iran | The 1960s was a significant decade for Iranian cinema, with 25 commercial films produced annually on average throughout the early 60s, increasing to 65 by the end of the decade. The majority of production focused on melodrama and thrillers. With the screening of the films Kaiser and The Cow, directed by Masoud Kimiai a... | What Iranian film festival in 1954 was the progenitor of future film festivals in 1969 and 1973? | What Iranian film festival in 1954 was the progenitor of future film festivals in 1969 and 1973? | [
"What Iranian film festival in 1954 was the progenitor of future film festivals in 1969 and 1973?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Golrizan Festival"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115887 | 572e82fc03f98919007566f9 | Richard_Feynman | Due to the top secret nature of the work, Los Alamos was isolated. In Feynman's own words, "There wasn't anything to do there." Bored, he indulged his curiosity by learning to pick the combination locks on cabinets and desks used to secure papers. Feynman played many jokes on colleagues. In one case he found the combin... | What did Frederic de Hoffmann think had happened when he found these notes? | What did Frederic de Hoffmann think had happened when he found these notes? | [
"What did Frederic de Hoffmann think had happened when he found these notes?"
] | {
"text": [
"saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets"
],
"answer_start": [
757
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83350 | 5727cfe42ca10214002d9721 | Dominican_Order | Doctrinal development has had an important place in the restoration of the Preachers. Several institutions, besides those already mentioned, played important parts. Such is the Biblical school at Jerusalem, open to the religious of the order and to secular clerics, which publishes the Revue Biblique. The faculty of the... | How many students does the University of Fribourg have? | How many students does the University of Fribourg have? | [
"How many students does the University of Fribourg have?"
] | {
"text": [
"250"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81499 | 57267a58f1498d1400e8e119 | Queen_Victoria | In the 1874 general election, Disraeli was returned to power. He passed the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874, which removed Catholic rituals from the Anglican liturgy and which Victoria strongly supported. She preferred short, simple services, and personally considered herself more aligned with the presbyterian Churc... | What change, supported by Victoria, did Disraeli make to the Anglician liturgy? | What change, supported by Victoria, did Disraeli make to the Anglician liturgy? | [
"What change, supported by Victoria, did Disraeli make to the Anglician liturgy?"
] | {
"text": [
"removed Catholic rituals"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78639 | 572fe045a23a5019007fcac7 | Greeks | Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country). Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited h... | Where there any significances that contributed to the increase or decrease in population numbers ? | Where there any significances that contributed to the increase or decrease in population numbers ? | [
"Where there any significances that contributed to the increase or decrease in population numbers ?"
] | {
"text": [
"influx of 1.5 million Greek refugees after the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey."
],
"answer_start": [
577
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109772 | 5ad3f803604f3c001a3ffa4d | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, a state prisoner is ordinarily only allowed one suit for habeas corpus in federal court. If the federal courts refuse to issue a writ of habeas corpus, an execution date may be set. In recent times, however, prisoners have postponed execution through a fi... | What is the US Code citation for the Civil Rights Act of 1971? | What is the US Code citation for the Civil Rights Act of 1971? | [
" What is the US Code citation for the Civil Rights Act of 1971?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35772 | 5a4842d584b8a4001a7e7821 | Imperial_College_London | In 1907, the newly established Board of Education found that greater capacity for higher technical education was needed and a proposal to merge the City and Guilds College, the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science was approved and passed, creating The Imperial College of Science and Technology as a co... | When was the charter signed for the University of London? | When was the charter signed for the University of London? | [
"When was the charter signed for the University of London?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54457 | 5ad2e50e604f3c001a3fd8f3 | Christian | As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents. The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world. Christians have composed about 33 percent of the world's population for around 100 years. The largest Christian denomination is the R... | Which denomination of Christianity has 1.17 million followers? | Which denomination of Christianity has 1.17 million followers? | [
"Which denomination of Christianity has 1.17 million followers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31054 | 5709598aefce8f15003a7e1c | Identity_(social_science) | The description or representation of individual and group identity is a central task for psychologists, sociologists and anthropologists and those of other disciplines where "identity" needs to be mapped and defined. How should one describe the identity of another, in ways which encompass both their idiosyncratic quali... | Who developed the ISA? | Who developed the ISA? | [
"Who developed the ISA?"
] | {
"text": [
"Weinreich"
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28087 | 572e9a3fc246551400ce43c4 | Steven_Spielberg | Studio producers Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown offered Spielberg the director's chair for Jaws, a thriller-horror film based on the Peter Benchley novel about an enormous killer shark. Spielberg has often referred to the gruelling shoot as his professional crucible. Despite the film's ultimate, enormous success, it... | What film did Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown offer Steven Spielberg to direct? | What film did Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown offer Steven Spielberg to direct? | [
"What film did Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown offer Steven Spielberg to direct?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jaws"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77070 | 572693fddd62a815002e8a16 | Dutch_language | Dutch is written using the Latin script. Dutch uses one additional character beyond the standard alphabet, the digraph IJ. It has a relatively high proportion of doubled letters, both vowels and consonants, due to the formation of compound words and also to the spelling devices for distinguishing the many vowel sounds ... | Because Dutch has many vowel sounds and compound words, what occurs frequently in Dutch spelling? | Because Dutch has many vowel sounds and compound words, what occurs frequently in Dutch spelling? | [
"Because Dutch has many vowel sounds and compound words, what occurs frequently in Dutch spelling?"
] | {
"text": [
"doubled letters"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41341 | 56cdcc5562d2951400fa6847 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw. The epicenter was in Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 80 km west/northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu, with its main tremor occurring at 14:28:01.42 China Standard Time (06:28:01.42 UTC), on May 12, 2008 lasting for around 2 m... | How long did the earthquake last? | How long did the earthquake last? | [
"How long did the earthquake last?"
] | {
"text": [
"2 minutes"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5612 | 5ad27ab2d7d075001a429618 | House_music | Chip E.'s 1985 recording "It's House" may also have helped to define this new form of electronic music. However, Chip E. himself lends credence to the Knuckles association, claiming the name came from methods of labeling records at the Importes Etc. record store, where he worked in the early 1980s: bins of music that D... | The term "house bins" came from the labeling records at what store? | The term "house bins" came from the labeling records at what store? | [
"The term \"house bins\" came from the labeling records at what store?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101827 | 56d63b2c1c85041400947030 | Dog | In Greek mythology, Cerberus is a three-headed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades. In Norse mythology, a bloody, four-eyed dog called Garmr guards Helheim. In Persian mythology, two four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge. In Philippine mythology, Kimat who is the pet of Tadaklan, god of thunder, is responsible for... | What did Cerberus guard? | What did Cerberus guard? | [
"What did Cerberus guard?"
] | {
"text": [
"the gates of Hades."
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36121 | 572f8d4da23a5019007fc72d | Printed_circuit_board | When the board has no embedded components it is more correctly called a printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. However, the term printed wiring board has fallen into disuse. A PCB populated with electronic components is called a printed circuit assembly (PCA), printed circuit board assembly or PCB assembly ... | What would we call a printed circuit board with embedded electronics, abbreviated PCA? | What would we call a printed circuit board with embedded electronics, abbreviated PCA? | [
"What would we call a printed circuit board with embedded electronics, abbreviated PCA?"
] | {
"text": [
"printed circuit assembly"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30821 | 572687e35951b619008f75f5 | Mexico_City | The Human Development Index report of 2005 shows that there were three boroughs with a very high Human Development Index, 12 with a high HDI value (9 above .85) and one with a medium HDI value (almost high). Benito Juárez borough had the highest HDI of the country (.9510) followed by Miguel Hidalgo which came up 4th n... | What year was the report that said 3 boroughs had very high HDI scores? | What year was the report that said 3 boroughs had very high HDI scores? | [
"What year was the report that said 3 boroughs had very high HDI scores?"
] | {
"text": [
"2005"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98385 | 56f8b80d9b226e1400dd0eab | Alps | During the Second Punic War in 218 BC, the Carthaginian general Hannibal probably crossed the Alps with an army numbering 38,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry, and 37 war elephants. This was one of the most celebrated achievements of any military force in ancient warfare, although no evidence exists of the actual crossing or... | When was the Second Punic War? | When was the Second Punic War? | [
"When was the Second Punic War?"
] | {
"text": [
"218 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97638 | 56d3997e59d6e414001467ed | Frédéric_Chopin | J. Barrie Jones suggests that "amongst the works that Chopin intended for concert use, the four ballades and four scherzos stand supreme", and adds that "the Barcarolle Op. 60 stands apart as an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette coupled with an Italianate warmth of melody." Temperley opines that these works, wh... | What does J. Barrie Jones feel stands supreme of Chopin's concert pieces? | What does J. Barrie Jones feel stands supreme of Chopin's concert pieces? | [
"What does J. Barrie Jones feel stands supreme of Chopin's concert pieces?"
] | {
"text": [
"the four ballades and four scherzos"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107922 | 5acfbdb277cf76001a685bd0 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Many Muslims criticized the Umayyads for having too many non-Muslim, former Roman administrators in their government. St John of Damascus was also a high administrator in the Umayyad administration. As the Muslims took over cities, they left the peoples political representatives and the Roman tax collectors and the adm... | What was the Central government not paid for? | What was the Central government not paid for? | [
"What was the Central government not paid for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64374 | 572839f4ff5b5019007d9f76 | John_von_Neumann | Von Neumann made fundamental contributions to mathematical statistics. In 1941, he derived the exact distribution of the ratio of the mean square of successive differences to the sample variance for independent and identically normally distributed variables. This ratio was applied to the residuals from regression model... | what does null hypothesis test against? | what does null hypothesis test against? | [
"what does null hypothesis test against?"
] | {
"text": [
"alternative that they follow a stationary first order autoregression"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11800 | 56fae8008f12f31900630297 | Somalis | In the martial arts, Faisal Jeylani Aweys and Mohamed Deq Abdulle also took home a silver medal and fourth place, respectively, at the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup in Tongeren. The Somali National Olympic committee has devised a special support program to ensure continued success in future tournaments. Addit... | Who came in fourth in the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup? | Who came in fourth in the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup? | [
"Who came in fourth in the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mohamed Deq Abdulle"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63863 | 5727ff9cff5b5019007d9a84 | USB | Some USB devices require more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port. This is common for external hard and optical disc drives, and generally for devices with motors or lamps. Such devices can use an external power supply, which is allowed by the standard, or use a dual-input USB cable, one inp... | Some USB devices require what? | Some USB devices require what? | [
"Some USB devices require what?"
] | {
"text": [
"more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port."
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7827 | 5acfc8f777cf76001a685f7d | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's crea... | What are the rights of a content creator that has their work unprotected? | What are the rights of a content creator that has their work unprotected? | [
"What are the rights of a content creator that has their work unprotected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110270 | 5a399d472f14dd001ac7249d | Culture | Matthew Arnold contrasted "culture" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted "culture" with "the state of nature". According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a sta... | Which race was considered living "outside of nature" by the Europeans? | Which race was considered living "outside of nature" by the Europeans? | [
"Which race was considered living \"outside of nature\" by the Europeans?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102743 | 573054172461fd1900a9cd2f | Association_football | The referee may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or dismissal (red card). A second yellow card at the same game leads to a red card, and therefore to a dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been "booked", the referee writing the player's name in his official note... | Which card does a referee use to signal a caution to a player? | Which card does a referee use to signal a caution to a player? | [
"Which card does a referee use to signal a caution to a player?"
] | {
"text": [
"yellow card"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83192 | 572784efdd62a815002e9f5e | Dominican_Order | Founded to preach the Gospel and to combat heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organization placed the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages. The order is famed for its intellectual tradition, having produced many leading theologians and philosophers. The Domin... | The head of the Dominican Order is known as what? | The head of the Dominican Order is known as what? | [
"The head of the Dominican Order is known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Master of the Order"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79868 | 5706371452bb891400689971 | MP3 | When performing lossy audio encoding, such as creating an MP3 file, there is a trade-off between the amount of space used and the sound quality of the result. Typically, the creator is allowed to set a bit rate, which specifies how many kilobits the file may use per second of audio. The higher the bit rate, the larger ... | What does the bit rate of the file actually mean? | What does the bit rate of the file actually mean? | [
"What does the bit rate of the file actually mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"how many kilobits the file may use per second of audio"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21960 | 570ad72b4103511400d59a75 | Aircraft_carrier | In December 2009, then Indian Navy chief Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma said at his maiden navy week press conference that concepts currently being examined by the Directorate of Naval Design for the second indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC-2), are for a conventionally powered carrier displacing over 50,000 tons and equippe... | Who was impressed by the demonstration of EMALS by General Atomics? | Who was impressed by the demonstration of EMALS by General Atomics? | [
"Who was impressed by the demonstration of EMALS by General Atomics?"
] | {
"text": [
"Indian Navy officers"
],
"answer_start": [
906
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35231 | 5ad0bf10645df0001a2d0197 | Gothic_architecture | Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Fr... | Where did the Gothic architecture style fail originally? | Where did the Gothic architecture style fail originally? | [
"Where did the Gothic architecture style fail originally?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64037 | 5ace827f32bba1001ae4a8e1 | Annelid | The sensors are primarily single cells that detect light, chemicals, pressure waves and contact, and are present on the head, appendages (if any) and other parts of the body. Nuchal ("on the neck") organs are paired, ciliated structures found only in polychaetes, and are thought to be chemosensors. Some polychaetes als... | What are nuchal organs thought to kill? | What are nuchal organs thought to kill? | [
"What are nuchal organs thought to kill?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82088 | 5acfc64677cf76001a685e8a | Royal_assent | After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text "The Second Chamber of the ... | What text is sent to the House of Representatives if a law is approved? | What text is sent to the House of Representatives if a law is approved? | [
"What text is sent to the House of Representatives if a law is approved?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96882 | 5a21cf998a6e4f001aa08efb | Canon_law | In the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial p... | What are the impermanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law in all Christian churches? | What are the impermanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law in all Christian churches? | [
"What are the impermanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law in all Christian churches?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69804 | 5ad49966ba00c4001a268d19 | Windows_8 | Windows 8 introduces a new style of application, Windows Store apps. According to Microsoft developer Jensen Harris, these apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and are more specialized than current desktop applications. Apps can run either in a full-screen mode, or be snapped to the side of a screen. A... | What apps can't one expect the People app to match with? | What apps can't one expect the People app to match with? | [
"What apps can't one expect the People app to match with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53481 | 5a690bc48476ee001a58aa37 | Sichuan | Sichuan was China's most populous province before Chongqing became a directly-controlled municipality; it is currently the fourth most populous, after Guangdong, Shandong and Henan. As of 1832, Sichuan was the most populous of the 18 provinces in China, with an estimated population at that time of 21 million. It was th... | What was the population of Maharashtra in 1832? | What was the population of Maharashtra in 1832? | [
"What was the population of Maharashtra in 1832?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28246 | 5ad4c8f55b96ef001a10a088 | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg followed with War Horse, shot in England in the summer of 2010. It was released just four days after The Adventures of Tintin, on December 25, 2011. The film, based on the novel of the same name written by Michael Morpurgo and published in 1982, follows the long friendship between a British boy and his horse ... | How many Academy Award nominations did The Adventures of Tintin receive? | How many Academy Award nominations did The Adventures of Tintin receive? | [
"How many Academy Award nominations did The Adventures of Tintin receive?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81943 | 572aa244f75d5e190021fbdf | Royal_assent | In Australia, a technical issue arose with the royal assent in both 1976 and 2001. In 1976, a bill originating in the House of Representatives was mistakenly submitted to the Governor-General and assented to. However, it was later discovered that it had not been passed by each house. The error arose because two bills o... | After an accidental assention of a bill with same name in 1976, when did a similar mistaken assention occur in Australia? | After an accidental assention of a bill with same name in 1976, when did a similar mistaken assention occur in Australia? | [
"After an accidental assention of a bill with same name in 1976, when did a similar mistaken assention occur in Australia?"
] | {
"text": [
"2001"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97585 | 56cfec7b234ae51400d9c0d8 | Frédéric_Chopin | Over 230 works of Chopin survive; some compositions from early childhood have been lost. All his known works involve the piano, and only a few range beyond solo piano music, as either piano concertos, songs or chamber music. | All of his pieces include what instrument? | All of his pieces include what instrument? | [
"All of his pieces include what instrument?"
] | {
"text": [
"piano"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40632 | 5ad50e3e5b96ef001a10ab1f | Paper | Conventional bleaching of wood pulp using elemental chlorine produces and releases into the environment large amounts of chlorinated organic compounds, including chlorinated dioxins. Dioxins are recognized as a persistent environmental pollutant, regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organ... | Which agency nationally regulates dioxins? | Which agency nationally regulates dioxins? | [
"Which agency nationally regulates dioxins?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73553 | 56d3841059d6e414001465f0 | American_Idol | Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States. A large number of other notable finalists during the series' run have also hailed from the American South, including Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry, who are all from... | When did American Idol begin? | When did American Idol begin? | [
"When did American Idol begin? "
] | {
"text": [
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26280 | 5ad0d86b645df0001a2d0698 | Edmund_Burke | Burke believed the Government was not taking the uprising seriously enough, a view reinforced by a letter he had received from the Prince Charles of France (S.A.R. le comte d'Artois), dated 23 October, requesting that he intercede on behalf of the royalists to the Government. Burke was forced to reply on 6 November: "I... | Who told Burke Frenchman were worth more than foreigners? | Who told Burke Frenchman were worth more than foreigners? | [
"Who told Burke Frenchman were worth more than foreigners?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81251 | 5ad17097645df0001a2d1b8e | Queen_Victoria | Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. Wh... | What was the marital status of Victoria when she became the princess? | What was the marital status of Victoria when she became the princess? | [
"What was the marital status of Victoria when she became the princess?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111029 | 5a81d33331013a001a334f04 | Group_(mathematics) | In modular arithmetic, two integers are added and then the sum is divided by a positive integer called the modulus. The result of modular addition is the remainder of that division. For any modulus, n, the set of integers from 0 to n − 1 forms a group under modular addition: the inverse of any element a is n − a, and 0... | What are the two integers called? | What are the two integers called? | [
"What are the two integers called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41659 | 56d60cd01c85041400946eed | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | By May 15, Premier Wen Jiabao ordered the deployment of an additional 90 helicopters, of which 60 were to be provided by the PLAAF, and 30 were to be provided by the civil aviation industry, bringing the total of number of aircraft deployed in relief operations by the air force, army, and civil aviation to over 150, re... | Who provided the other 30 helicopters? | Who provided the other 30 helicopters? | [
"Who provided the other 30 helicopters?"
] | {
"text": [
"civil aviation industry"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74229 | 56e4cced8c00841900fbafee | Architecture | Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an intere... | Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated shed"? | Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated shed"? | [
"Who called postmodern architecture a \"decorated shed\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Robert Venturi"
],
"answer_start": [
693
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83469 | 5ad25ec8d7d075001a428f3a | Dominican_Order | The Dominican Order was affected by a number of elemental influences. Its early members imbued the order with a mysticism and learning. The Europeans of the order embraced ecstatic mysticism on a grand scale and looked to a union with the Creator. The English Dominicans looked for this complete unity as well, but were ... | What did the Europeans of the order not embrace? | What did the Europeans of the order not embrace? | [
"What did the Europeans of the order not embrace?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96751 | 5a8cb110fd22b3001a8d8d48 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | In Johannine "agent Christology" the submission of Jesus to crucifixion is a sacrifice made as an agent of God or servant of God, for the sake of eventual victory. This builds on the salvific theme of the Gospel of John which begins in John 1:29 with John the Baptist's proclamation: "The Lamb of God who takes away the ... | Why did Johannine accept who would be saved? | Why did Johannine accept who would be saved? | [
"Why did Johannine accept who would be saved?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48260 | 56fa2d76f34c681400b0bfef | Wood | In the case of the ring-porous hardwoods there seems to exist a pretty definite relation between the rate of growth of timber and its properties. This may be briefly summed up in the general statement that the more rapid the growth or the wider the rings of growth, the heavier, harder, stronger, and stiffer the wood. T... | What kind of wood with a name that starts with "H" is a ring-porous hardwood? | What kind of wood with a name that starts with "H" is a ring-porous hardwood? | [
"What kind of wood with a name that starts with \"H\" is a ring-porous hardwood?"
] | {
"text": [
"hickory"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19697 | 57312612497a881900248bd4 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in Amazonia, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigen... | What did many segments of the indigenous population also practice? | What did many segments of the indigenous population also practice? | [
"What did many segments of the indigenous population also practice?"
] | {
"text": [
"aquaculture and agriculture"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77423 | 57323993e99e3014001e65b3 | Armenians | Armenian literature dates back to 400 AD, when Mesrop Mashtots first invented the Armenian alphabet. This period of time is often viewed as the Golden Age of Armenian literature. Early Armenian literature was written by the "father of Armenian history", Moses of Chorene, who authored The History of Armenia. The book co... | When did Armenian writing begin? | When did Armenian writing begin? | [
"When did Armenian writing begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"400 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37441 | 5727b5302ca10214002d947f | London | London i/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south eastern part of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of... | On what river is London situated? | On what river is London situated? | [
"On what river is London situated?"
] | {
"text": [
"River Thames"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63229 | 572baafbf75d5e190021fe92 | Czech_language | Czech has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages. Its thirty-one graphemes represent thirty sounds (in most dialects, i and y have the same sound), and it contains only one digraph: ch, which follows h in the alphabet. As a result, some of its characters have been used by phonologists to denot... | What language has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages? | What language has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages? | [
"What language has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages?"
] | {
"text": [
"Czech"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24716 | 56cfde18234ae51400d9bfaf | New_York_City | The Occupy Wall Street protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and spawning the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide. | The Occupy Wall Street protests that took place in Zuccotti Park was on which date? | The Occupy Wall Street protests that took place in Zuccotti Park was on which date? | [
"The Occupy Wall Street protests that took place in Zuccotti Park was on which date?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 17, 2011"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8152 | 5ad0187f77cf76001a6869c1 | Copyright_infringement | According to a 2007 BSA and International Data Corporation (IDC) study, the five countries with the highest rates of software piracy were: 1. Armenia (93%); 2. Bangladesh (92%); 3. Azerbaijan (92%); 4. Moldova (92%); and 5. Zimbabwe (91%). According to the study's results, the five countries with the lowest piracy rate... | Which region had the highest gain? | Which region had the highest gain? | [
"Which region had the highest gain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59663 | 5ad16a27645df0001a2d1a53 | Electric_motor | Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross betwe... | What three devices can describe a stepper motor? | What three devices can describe a stepper motor? | [
" What three devices can describe a stepper motor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64769 | 573417154776f41900661846 | Portugal | The Statistics Portugal (Portuguese: INE - Instituto Nacional de Estatística) estimates that, according to the 2011 census, the population was 10,562,178 (of which 52% was female, 48% was male). This population has been relatively homogeneous for most of its history: a single religion (Catholicism) and a single languag... | What percentage of the Portuguese population in 2011 was female? | What percentage of the Portuguese population in 2011 was female? | [
"What percentage of the Portuguese population in 2011 was female?"
] | {
"text": [
"52%"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75177 | 5ad12065645df0001a2d0e78 | Labour_Party_(UK) | The Labour Party's origins lie in the late 19th century, when it became apparent that there was a need for a new political party to represent the interests and needs of the urban proletariat, a demographic which had increased in number and had recently been given franchise. Some members of the trades union movement bec... | What socialist group did not form around this time? | What socialist group did not form around this time? | [
"What socialist group did not form around this time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79447 | 5acffb4b77cf76001a6866e1 | Kievan_Rus%27 | According to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebelled against the Varang... | Who did the Finnic and Slavic tribes offer tribute to in 862? | Who did the Finnic and Slavic tribes offer tribute to in 862? | [
"Who did the Finnic and Slavic tribes offer tribute to in 862?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89478 | 572f6689b2c2fd14005680d8 | The_Blitz | Ultimately, Hitler was trapped within his own vision of bombing as a terror weapon, formed in the 1930s when he threatened smaller nations into accepting German rule rather than submit to air bombardment. This fact had important implications. It showed the extent to which Hitler personally mistook Allied strategy for o... | Why did Hitler use terror bombing against Britain? | Why did Hitler use terror bombing against Britain? | [
"Why did Hitler use terror bombing against Britain? "
] | {
"text": [
"to produce a stalemate"
],
"answer_start": [
1059
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65151 | 5ad13802645df0001a2d1206 | Renewable_energy_commercialization | The incentive to use 100% renewable energy, for electricity, transport, or even total primary energy supply globally, has been motivated by global warming and other ecological as well as economic concerns. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has said that there are few fundamental technological limits to inte... | Who rejected a series of stabilization wedges? | Who rejected a series of stabilization wedges? | [
" Who rejected a series of stabilization wedges?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30896 | 5726a2b75951b619008f7878 | Mexico_City | Street parking in urban neighborhoods is mostly controlled by the franeleros a.k.a. "viene vienes" (lit. "come on, come on"), who ask drivers for a fee to park, in theory to guard the car, but with the implicit threat that the franelero will damage the car if the fee is not paid. Double parking is common (with franeler... | What are the hours of Mexico City Parking meters? | What are the hours of Mexico City Parking meters? | [
"What are the hours of Mexico City Parking meters?"
] | {
"text": [
"8 AM to 8 PM"
],
"answer_start": [
644
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16990 | 5725cbf3271a42140099d1f3 | Israel | The Israel Defense Forces is the sole military wing of the Israeli security forces, and is headed by its Chief of General Staff, the Ramatkal, subordinate to the Cabinet. The IDF consist of the army, air force and navy. It was founded during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War by consolidating paramilitary organizations—chiefly ... | When was the IDF founded? | When was the IDF founded? | [
"When was the IDF founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1948"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96267 | 5728e35a2ca10214002daa34 | Paris | The second-largest business district in terms of employment is La Défense, just west of the city, where many companies installed their offices in the 1990s. In 2010 it was the workplace of 144,600 employees, of whom 38 percent worked in finance and insurance, 16 percent in business support services. Two other important... | What field did the majority of the employees at La Defense work in? | What field did the majority of the employees at La Defense work in? | [
"What field did the majority of the employees at La Defense work in?"
] | {
"text": [
"finance and insurance"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42888 | 570d62aab3d812140066d7c0 | Franco-Prussian_War | A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine to remain in a defensive po... | From Thionville towards Trier, what was the final destination of the offensive? | From Thionville towards Trier, what was the final destination of the offensive? | [
"From Thionville towards Trier, what was the final destination of the offensive?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Prussian Rhineland"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58736 | 5a46c24d5fd40d001a27dca6 | Rajasthan | The geographic features of Rajasthan are the Thar Desert and the Aravalli Range, which runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than 850 kilometres (530 mi). Mount Abu lies at the southwestern end of the range, separated from the main ranges by the West Banas River,... | What continues into the Thar Desert in the direction of Delhi? | What continues into the Thar Desert in the direction of Delhi? | [
"What continues into the Thar Desert in the direction of Delhi?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86895 | 5a8ca215fd22b3001a8d8c51 | Biodiversity | The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old... | Where was the 4.54 billion year old graphite found? | Where was the 4.54 billion year old graphite found? | [
"Where was the 4.54 billion year old graphite found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63366 | 5725c6fd38643c19005acccb | Buckingham_Palace | The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant... | In what year did William Winde design the house which forms the core of the palace? | In what year did William Winde design the house which forms the core of the palace? | [
"In what year did William Winde design the house which forms the core of the palace?"
] | {
"text": [
"1703"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18858 | 5733e6a54776f41900661474 | Premier_League | The league held its first season in 1992–93 and was originally composed of 22 clubs. The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry ... | Who scored the first goal in the Premier League? | Who scored the first goal in the Premier League? | [
"Who scored the first goal in the Premier League?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brian Deane"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58188 | 5ad41984604f3c001a40046c | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | In the US, a prominent form of racial preferences relates to access to education, particularly admission to universities and other forms of higher education. Race, ethnicity, native language, social class, geographical origin, parental attendance of the university in question (legacy admissions), and/or gender are some... | What are public universities allowed to do? | What are public universities allowed to do? | [
" What are public universities allowed to do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101976 | 57291636af94a219006aa067 | States_of_Germany | During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. No single state comprised more than 30% of either population or territory; this was intended to prevent any one state from being as dominant within Germany as Prussia had been in the past. Initi... | After WWII how many states initially remained in Germany? | After WWII how many states initially remained in Germany? | [
"After WWII how many states initially remained in Germany?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73453 | 56d37e5059d6e4140014653a | American_Idol | Finalist Phillip Phillips suffered from kidney pain and was taken to the hospital before the Top 13 results show, and later received medical procedure to alleviate a blockage caused by kidney stones. He was reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run, and had considered quitting the show due to the pain. He un... | Why was Phillip Phillips hospitalized during his time on American Idol? | Why was Phillip Phillips hospitalized during his time on American Idol? | [
"Why was Phillip Phillips hospitalized during his time on American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"kidney stones"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43209 | 572653db5951b619008f6fca | Poultry | In the early 20th century, Japanese breeders began to selectively breed for increased egg production. By 1940, the quail egg industry was flourishing, but the events of World War II led to the complete loss of quail lines bred for their song type, as well as almost all of those bred for egg production. After the war, t... | When did the quail egg business begin to really become an economic driven industry? | When did the quail egg business begin to really become an economic driven industry? | [
"When did the quail egg business begin to really become an economic driven industry?"
] | {
"text": [
"By 1940, the quail egg industry was flourishing,"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106769 | 57267f375951b619008f74b5 | East_India_Company | The Company's headquarters in London, from which much of India was governed, was East India House in Leadenhall Street. After occupying premises in Philpot Lane from 1600 to 1621; in Crosby House, Bishopsgate, from 1621 to 1638; and in Leadenhall Street from 1638 to 1648, the Company moved into Craven House, an Elizabe... | between 1638 and 1648 what street was EIC headquarters on? | between 1638 and 1648 what street was EIC headquarters on? | [
"between 1638 and 1648 what street was EIC headquarters on?"
] | {
"text": [
"Leadenhall Street"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103585 | 572a17261d04691400779760 | East_Prussia | The Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany), while the... | What well known treaty would eventually would grant West Prussia to Poland? | What well known treaty would eventually would grant West Prussia to Poland? | [
"What well known treaty would eventually would grant West Prussia to Poland?"
] | {
"text": [
"Versailles"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16206 | 572ebf5303f98919007569ed | Muammar_Gaddafi | Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the ... | What sort of problems did the oil industry experience in Libya? | What sort of problems did the oil industry experience in Libya? | [
"What sort of problems did the oil industry experience in Libya?"
] | {
"text": [
"corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the oil industry"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41787 | 56d65a4b1c850414009470b1 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The New York Times reported that "government officials in Beijing and Sichuan have said they are investigating the collapses. In an acknowledgment of the weakness of building codes in the countryside, the National Development and Reform Commission said on May 27 that it had drafted an amendment to improve construction ... | What are officials offering parents in exchange of protests? | What are officials offering parents in exchange of protests? | [
"What are officials offering parents in exchange of protests?"
] | {
"text": [
"money"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110743 | 5730168bb2c2fd140056883d | Iran | On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the re... | How many hostages were taken in the US Embassy seizure? | How many hostages were taken in the US Embassy seizure? | [
"How many hostages were taken in the US Embassy seizure?"
] | {
"text": [
"52 personnel and citizens"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92892 | 5aced17d32bba1001ae4b58d | Tajikistan | Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Rus... | What people felt a great deal of Russian influence? | What people felt a great deal of Russian influence? | [
"What people felt a great deal of Russian influence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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