gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-14148 | 56f97eb89e9bad19000a09c6 | Brain | One of the primary functions of a brain is to extract biologically relevant information from sensory inputs. The human brain is provided with information about light, sound, the chemical composition of the atmosphere, temperature, head orientation, limb position, the chemical composition of the bloodstream, and more. I... | The group of creatures that can sense electric fields is what? | The group of creatures that can sense electric fields is what? | [
"The group of creatures that can sense electric fields is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"fish"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-490 | 56f96f929b226e1400dd144a | Marshall_Islands | In 1999, a private company built a tuna loining plant with more than 400 employees, mostly women. But the plant closed in 2005 after a failed attempt to convert it to produce tuna steaks, a process that requires half as many employees. Operating costs exceeded revenue, and the plant's owners tried to partner with the g... | In what year was a tuna loining plant constructed? | In what year was a tuna loining plant constructed? | [
"In what year was a tuna loining plant constructed?"
] | {
"text": [
"1999"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109391 | 5a11e57f6614be00188f247e | Dutch_Republic | The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re... | What did the Batavian Republic take part in from 1783 to 1795? | What did the Batavian Republic take part in from 1783 to 1795? | [
"What did the Batavian Republic take part in from 1783 to 1795?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88957 | 56df47ad8bc80c19004e49ed | Hunter-gatherer | Only a few contemporary societies are classified as hunter-gatherers, and many supplement their foraging activity with horticulture and/or keeping animals. | Who uses agriculture and animal domestication to supplement their food? | Who uses agriculture and animal domestication to supplement their food? | [
"Who uses agriculture and animal domestication to supplement their food?"
] | {
"text": [
"hunter-gatherers"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96704 | 5a8c9ea4fd22b3001a8d8bed | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Sextus Julius Africanus further refers to the writings of historian Thallus: "This darkness Thallus, in the third book of his History, calls, as appears to me without reason, an eclipse of the sun. For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day according to the moon, and the passion of our Saviour falls on the ... | His book of History was Tertullian's what in a series of books written? | His book of History was Tertullian's what in a series of books written? | [
"His book of History was Tertullian's what in a series of books written?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106657 | 5a8461627cf838001a46a7be | East_India_Company | At this time, Britain and France became bitter rivals. Frequent skirmishes between them took place for control of colonial possessions. In 1742, fearing the monetary consequences of a war, the British government agreed to extend the deadline for the licensed exclusive trade by the company in India until 1783, in return... | What was irrelevant that brought the British government to extend the deadline for the trade license for the company? | What was irrelevant that brought the British government to extend the deadline for the trade license for the company? | [
"What was irrelevant that brought the British government to extend the deadline for the trade license for the company?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55952 | 56e797ef00c9c71400d77333 | Arena_Football_League | Plans for arena football were put on hold in 1982 as the United States Football League was launched. Foster left the NFL to accept a position in the USFL. He eventually became executive vice-president with the Chicago Blitz, where he returned to his concept of arena football. In 1983, he began organizing the test game ... | What football league began in 1982? | What football league began in 1982? | [
"What football league began in 1982?"
] | {
"text": [
"the United States Football League"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49119 | 5acec66032bba1001ae4b38e | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Alban Butler, writes on the subject: "Five months after this great Council, Nicae, St Alexander lying on his death-bed, recommended to his clergy and people the choice of Athanasius for his successor, thrice repeating his name. In consequence of his recommendation, the bishops of all Egypt assembled at Alexandria, and ... | How old was Athanasius when he was chosen as Pope? | How old was Athanasius when he was chosen as Pope? | [
" How old was Athanasius when he was chosen as Pope?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25762 | 57096523ed30961900e8408f | Copper | In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cupr... | What is the Roman goddess that symbolizes copper? | What is the Roman goddess that symbolizes copper? | [
"What is the Roman goddess that symbolizes copper?"
] | {
"text": [
"Venus"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86011 | 572fff11947a6a140053cf1f | Tucson,_Arizona | Interstate 10, which runs southeast to northwest through town, connects Tucson to Phoenix to the northwest on the way to its western terminus in Santa Monica, California, and to Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas toward its eastern terminus in Jacksonville, Florida. I-19 runs south from Tucson toward Nogales and... | Are the speed limits on I-19 marked in miles or kilometers? | Are the speed limits on I-19 marked in miles or kilometers? | [
"Are the speed limits on I-19 marked in miles or kilometers?"
] | {
"text": [
"miles"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69 | 56f8c95e9b226e1400dd0ff7 | Guinea-Bissau | In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai San... | When was Vieira, a former president, deposed? | When was Vieira, a former president, deposed? | [
"When was Vieira, a former president, deposed?"
] | {
"text": [
"1999"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41856 | 5730a3018ab72b1400f9c61e | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Designed by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting social disturbance led the Japanese government... | Who designed both the NES and SNES? | Who designed both the NES and SNES? | [
"Who designed both the NES and SNES?"
] | {
"text": [
"Masayuki Uemura"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95888 | 5a1dd5d34ea40d0018b06fb9 | Hokkien | There are many Hokkien speakers among overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia as well as in the United States. Many ethnic Han Chinese emigrants to the region were Hoklo from southern Fujian, and brought the language to what is now Burma (Myanmar), Indonesia (the former Dutch East Indies) and present day Malaysia and Singap... | Who forms the largest group of Lan-nang in Singapore? | Who forms the largest group of Lan-nang in Singapore? | [
"Who forms the largest group of Lan-nang in Singapore?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81844 | 57280767ff5b5019007d9b4f | Royal_assent | The power of parliament to pass bills was often thwarted by monarchs. Charles I dissolved parliament in 1629, after it passed motions critical of and bills seeking to restrict his arbitrary exercise of power. During the eleven years of personal rule that followed, Charles performed legally dubious actions, such as rais... | Like Charles II had previously done, the last Stuart monarch withheld assent. Who was this monarch? | Like Charles II had previously done, the last Stuart monarch withheld assent. Who was this monarch? | [
"Like Charles II had previously done, the last Stuart monarch withheld assent. Who was this monarch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Anne"
],
"answer_start": [
794
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54947 | 570d3848fed7b91900d45d3f | Macintosh | Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels. Macs did not natively support pointing devices that featured multiple buttons, even from third parties, until Mac OS X arrived in 2001. Apple continued to offer only single button mice, in both wired and Bluetooth wireless versions, ... | How many buttons did the Mighty Mouse have? | How many buttons did the Mighty Mouse have? | [
"How many buttons did the Mighty Mouse have?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41274 | 5731dbb7e17f3d14004224ab | Egypt | The official language of the Republic is Modern Standard Arabic. Arabic was adopted by the Egyptians after the Arab invasion of Egypt. The spoken languages are: Egyptian Arabic (68%), Sa'idi Arabic (29%), Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic (1.6%), Sudanese Arabic (0.6%), Domari (0.3%), Nobiin (0.3%), Beja (0.1%), Siwi and ... | In the 19th century, what city of Egypt was a large community of Italian Egyptians? | In the 19th century, what city of Egypt was a large community of Italian Egyptians? | [
"In the 19th century, what city of Egypt was a large community of Italian Egyptians?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexandria"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69781 | 57302f1504bcaa1900d77300 | Windows_8 | Internet Explorer 10 is included as both a desktop program and a touch-optimized app, and includes increased support for HTML5, CSS3, and hardware acceleration. The Internet Explorer app does not support plugins or ActiveX components, but includes a version of Adobe Flash Player that is optimized for touch and low powe... | What limitations were put on Adobe flash to begin with? | What limitations were put on Adobe flash to begin with? | [
"What limitations were put on Adobe flash to begin with?"
] | {
"text": [
"a \"Compatibility View\" whitelist"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46318 | 5ad3e772604f3c001a3ff60a | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel receiv... | What religion wouldn't think of expelling someone merely because they have questions about what the church teaches? | What religion wouldn't think of expelling someone merely because they have questions about what the church teaches? | [
"What religion wouldn't think of expelling someone merely because they have questions about what the church teaches?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37 | 56f8abb19e9bad19000a02b1 | Guinea-Bissau | For a brief period in the 1790s, the British tried to establish a rival foothold on an offshore island, at Bolama. But by the 19th century the Portuguese were sufficiently secure in Bissau to regard the neighbouring coastline as their own special territory, also up north in part of present South Senegal. | Who regarded Bolama as their own in the 19th century? | Who regarded Bolama as their own in the 19th century? | [
"Who regarded Bolama as their own in the 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Portuguese"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103284 | 571de5e2556973190063909c | Multiracial_American | Racial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading memories that many whites had ... | What fact was ignored by enacting one-drop rule laws? | What fact was ignored by enacting one-drop rule laws? | [
"What fact was ignored by enacting one-drop rule laws?"
] | {
"text": [
"that many whites had multiracial ancestry."
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63318 | 57260cd1ec44d21400f3d848 | Buckingham_Palace | The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furni... | Furniture and fittings were brought over from which house? | Furniture and fittings were brought over from which house? | [
"Furniture and fittings were brought over from which house?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carlton House"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3337 | 5726419dec44d21400f3dce5 | Southeast_Asia | Definitions of "Southeast Asia" vary, but most definitions include the area represented by the countries (sovereign states and dependent territories) listed below. All of the states except for East Timor are members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The area, together with part of South Asia, was w... | Which country has stated that it might join ASEAN? | Which country has stated that it might join ASEAN? | [
"Which country has stated that it might join ASEAN?"
] | {
"text": [
"Papua New Guinea"
],
"answer_start": [
627
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9709 | 5725e47289a1e219009ac055 | Montevideo | The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College is a private, co-educational, not-for-profit Catholic school located in the wealthy residential southeastern neighbourhood of Carrasco. Established in 1955, it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country, blending a rigorous curriculum with strong ex... | Who is the headmaster of the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College? | Who is the headmaster of the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College? | [
"Who is the headmaster of the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College?"
] | {
"text": [
"professor Juan Pedro Toni"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51429 | 572b4375be1ee31400cb82de | Empiricism | Charles Peirce (1839–1914) was highly influential in laying the groundwork for today's empirical scientific method.[citation needed] Although Peirce severely criticized many elements of Descartes' peculiar brand of rationalism, he did not reject rationalism outright. Indeed, he concurred with the main ideas of rational... | Who formed the basis for modern scientific method? | Who formed the basis for modern scientific method? | [
"Who formed the basis for modern scientific method?"
] | {
"text": [
"Charles Peirce"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93064 | 5733e78f4776f41900661494 | Tajikistan | The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris ov... | How are they different than most Tajiks? | How are they different than most Tajiks? | [
"How are they different than most Tajiks?"
] | {
"text": [
"distinct linguistically and culturally"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18274 | 5ad0d8bf645df0001a2d06a9 | Eritrea | Additionally, owing to its colonial history, cuisine in Eritrea features more Italian influences than are present in Ethiopian cooking, including more pasta and greater use of curry powders and cumin.The Italian Eritrean cuisine started to be practiced during the colonial times of the Kingdom of Italy, when a large num... | What is a popular alcoholic drink in Ethiopia? | What is a popular alcoholic drink in Ethiopia? | [
"What is a popular alcoholic drink in Ethiopia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99133 | 572792f3f1498d1400e8fc90 | Turner_Classic_Movies | In December 1994, TCM debuted "TCM Remembers", a tribute to recently deceased notable film personalities (including actors, producers, composers, directors, writers and cinematographers) that occasionally airs during promotional breaks between films. The segments appear in two forms: individual tributes and a longer en... | Who provided the soundtrack for the longer TCM Remembers episode in 2009? | Who provided the soundtrack for the longer TCM Remembers episode in 2009? | [
"Who provided the soundtrack for the longer TCM Remembers episode in 2009?"
] | {
"text": [
"Steve Earle"
],
"answer_start": [
983
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15754 | 5726eb3e708984140094d5ef | Chinese_characters | According to the Rev. John Gulick: "The inhabitants of other Asiatic nations, who have had occasion to represent the words of their several languages by Chinese characters, have as a rule used unaspirated characters for the sounds, g, d, b. The Muslims from Arabia and Persia have followed this method … The Mongols, Man... | Who have followed this method? | Who have followed this method? | [
"Who have followed this method?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muslims from Arabia and Persia"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24946 | 56cf49d7aab44d1400b88f48 | New_York_City | Other important sectors include medical research and technology, non-profit institutions, and universities. Manufacturing accounts for a significant but declining share of employment, although the city's garment industry is showing a resurgence in Brooklyn. Food processing is a US$5 billion industry that employs more t... | In what borough is the garment business prominent? | In what borough is the garment business prominent? | [
"In what borough is the garment business prominent?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brooklyn"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26027 | 5ad0b3fb645df0001a2d00df | Edmund_Burke | Richard Hurd believed that Burke's imitation was near-perfect and that this defeated his purpose: an ironist "should take care by a constant exaggeration to make the ridicule shine through the Imitation. Whereas this Vindication is everywhere enforc'd, not only in the language, and on the principles of L. Bol., but wit... | What is the name of one of the scholars who believe Burke wrote the Vindication in earnest? | What is the name of one of the scholars who believe Burke wrote the Vindication in earnest? | [
"What is the name of one of the scholars who believe Burke wrote the Vindication in earnest?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56092 | 56e7a40237bdd419002c42c1 | Arena_Football_League | On August 9, 2015, ESPN reported that the New Orleans VooDoo and Las Vegas Outlaws had ceased operations, effective immediately, a claim which was subsequently validated on the AFL website. On September 1, 2015, the Spokane Shock officially left the AFL and joined the IFL under the new name Spokane Empire, becoming the... | What rival league did the Spokane Shock join? | What rival league did the Spokane Shock join? | [
"What rival league did the Spokane Shock join?"
] | {
"text": [
"IFL"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44753 | 56f8b1989b226e1400dd0e2b | Gene | Additionally, genes can have regulatory regions many kilobases upstream or downstream of the open reading frame. These act by binding to transcription factors which then cause the DNA to loop so that the regulatory sequence (and bound transcription factor) become close to the RNA polymerase binding site. For example, e... | What causes DNA to be less available for RNA polymerase? | What causes DNA to be less available for RNA polymerase? | [
"What causes DNA to be less available for RNA polymerase?"
] | {
"text": [
"silencers bind repressor proteins"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52354 | 572a8430111d821400f38b9b | Miami | Construction is currently underway on the Miami Intermodal Center and Miami Central Station, a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, taxis, rental cars, MIA Mover, private automobiles, bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport. Completion of ... | When was Phase II of the Miami Center Station supposed to enter service? | When was Phase II of the Miami Center Station supposed to enter service? | [
"When was Phase II of the Miami Center Station supposed to enter service?"
] | {
"text": [
"2013"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97082 | 56cbd8c66d243a140015ed87 | Frédéric_Chopin | In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romant... | In which era was Frédéric leave a legacy of as a leading symbol? | In which era was Frédéric leave a legacy of as a leading symbol? | [
"In which era was Frédéric leave a legacy of as a leading symbol?"
] | {
"text": [
"Romantic era"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85842 | 5ad2adc9d7d075001a429ee4 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The NES uses a custom-made Picture Processing Unit (PPU) developed by Ricoh. All variations of the PPU feature 2 kB of video RAM, 256 bytes of on-die "object attribute memory" (OAM) to store the positions, colors, and tile indices of up to 64 sprites on the screen, and 28 bytes of on-die palette RAM to allow selection ... | What is not the standard display resolution of the NES? | What is not the standard display resolution of the NES? | [
" What is not the standard display resolution of the NES?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113428 | 5a87a0cc1d3cee001a6a129f | Vacuum | Hydrostatic gauges (such as the mercury column manometer) consist of a vertical column of liquid in a tube whose ends are exposed to different pressures. The column will rise or fall until its weight is in equilibrium with the pressure differential between the two ends of the tube. The simplest design is a closed-end U... | What is the lowest amount of mercury that can be measured in the air? | What is the lowest amount of mercury that can be measured in the air? | [
"What is the lowest amount of mercury that can be measured in the air?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91010 | 572abb93be1ee31400cb81e5 | John_Kerry | In January 1977, Droney promoted him to First Assistant District Attorney, essentially making Kerry his campaign and media surrogate because Droney was afflicted with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's Disease). As First Assistant, Kerry tried cases, which included winning convictions in a high-profile... | What is ALS's nickname? | What is ALS's nickname? | [
"What is ALS's nickname?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lou Gehrig's Disease"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9561 | 5725c4d8271a42140099d173 | Montevideo | As the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo is the economic and political centre of the country. Most of the largest and wealthiest businesses in Uruguay have their headquarters in the city. Since the 1990s the city has undergone rapid economic development and modernization, including two of Uruguay's most important building... | What is the economic and political centre of the country? | What is the economic and political centre of the country? | [
"What is the economic and political centre of the country?"
] | {
"text": [
"Montevideo"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37968 | 5730094a04bcaa1900d7704a | Roman_Republic | By 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to the Janiculum hill. To... | What did the patrician senators refusal to address the accumulating debt of the plebeians lead to? | What did the patrician senators refusal to address the accumulating debt of the plebeians lead to? | [
"What did the patrician senators refusal to address the accumulating debt of the plebeians lead to?"
] | {
"text": [
"the final plebeian secession"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107257 | 57351496879d6814001cab0e | Hunting | A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented cam... | In what country is it estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times what an average ecotourist does? | In what country is it estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times what an average ecotourist does? | [
"In what country is it estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times what an average ecotourist does?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tanzania"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34406 | 56f880ddaef2371900626128 | Southampton | Southampton City Council has developed twinning links with Le Havre in France (since 1973), Rems-Murr-Kreis in Germany (since 1991), Trieste in Italy (since 2002); Hampton, Virginia in USA, Qingdao in China (since 1998), and Busan in South Korea (since 1978). | What city in France does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with? | What city in France does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with? | [
"What city in France does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with?"
] | {
"text": [
"Le Havre"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74453 | 5ace831032bba1001ae4a8f1 | Asphalt | The expression "bitumen" originated in the Sanskrit, where we find the words jatu, meaning "pitch," and jatu-krit, meaning "pitch creating", "pitch producing" (referring to coniferous or resinous trees). The Latin equivalent is claimed by some to be originally gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch), and by others, pixtumens (... | What does the Anglo Saxon word Kitt mean? | What does the Anglo Saxon word Kitt mean? | [
"What does the Anglo Saxon word Kitt mean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46114 | 5732480e0fdd8d15006c68e2 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's only direct creation, that everything else was created by means of Christ, and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God's "only-begotten Son". Jesus served as a redeemer and a ransom sacrifice to pay for the sins of humanity. They belie... | What was Jesus a ransom sacrifice to pay for? | What was Jesus a ransom sacrifice to pay for? | [
"What was Jesus a ransom sacrifice to pay for?"
] | {
"text": [
"the sins of humanity"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115679 | 5727b23d3acd2414000dea03 | Galicia_(Spain) | In the 9th century, the rise of the cult of the Apostle James in Santiago de Compostela gave Galicia a particular symbolic importance among Christians, an importance it would hold throughout the Reconquista. As the Middle Ages went on, Santiago became a major pilgrim destination and the Way of Saint James (Camiño de Sa... | Name the road that lead there. | Name the road that lead there. | [
"Name the road that lead there."
] | {
"text": [
"Way of Saint James"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92089 | 57276f4cdd62a815002e9cc9 | Cotton | In addition to concerns over subsidies, the cotton industries of some countries are criticized for employing child labor and damaging workers' health by exposure to pesticides used in production. The Environmental Justice Foundation has campaigned against the prevalent use of forced child and adult labor in cotton prod... | Where does Uzbekistan rank as a cotton exporter? | Where does Uzbekistan rank as a cotton exporter? | [
"Where does Uzbekistan rank as a cotton exporter?"
] | {
"text": [
"third largest"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100403 | 56e10feecd28a01900c67515 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Frequencies for COMPASS are allocated in four bands: E1, E2, E5B, and E6 and overlap with Galileo. The fact of overlapping could be convenient from the point of view of the receiver design, but on the other hand raises the issues of inter-system interference, especially within E1 and E2 bands, which are allocated for G... | Which frequency bands are most likely to cause issues of inter-system interference with the Galileo system? | Which frequency bands are most likely to cause issues of inter-system interference with the Galileo system? | [
"Which frequency bands are most likely to cause issues of inter-system interference with the Galileo system?"
] | {
"text": [
"E1 and E2"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100632 | 5a270fb5c93d92001a4003ac | Post-punk | During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson). By 1977, groups began pointed... | Where was Geoff Travis's Factory based? | Where was Geoff Travis's Factory based? | [
"Where was Geoff Travis's Factory based?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60851 | 570b2597ec8fbc190045b872 | Gregorian_calendar | A month after having decreed the reform, the pope with a brief of 3 April 1582 granted to Antonio Lilio, the brother of Luigi Lilio, the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first calendars printed in Rome af... | When were the rights to publish the calendar granted? | When were the rights to publish the calendar granted? | [
"When were the rights to publish the calendar granted?"
] | {
"text": [
"3 April 1582"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106814 | 5a847e367cf838001a46a878 | East_India_Company | The East India Company's arms, granted in 1698, were: "Argent a cross Gules; in the dexter chief quarter an escutcheon of the arms of France and England quarterly, the shield ornamentally and regally crowned Or." The crest was: "A lion rampant guardant Or holding between the forepaws a regal crown proper." The supporte... | What arms were granted in 1798? | What arms were granted in 1798? | [
"What arms were granted in 1798?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69389 | 570a898d4103511400d59837 | Houston | Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou (now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded and won at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of w... | For whom was Houston named? | For whom was Houston named? | [
"For whom was Houston named?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sam Houston"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85694 | 57111d15a58dae1900cd6c5a | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Near the end of the NES's lifespan, upon the release of the AV Famicom and the top-loading NES 2, the design of the game controllers was modified slightly. Though the original button layout was retained, the redesigned device abandoned the brick shell in favor of a dog bone shape. In addition, the AV Famicom joined its... | Which console featured a top-loading design? | Which console featured a top-loading design? | [
"Which console featured a top-loading design?"
] | {
"text": [
"NES 2"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96922 | 56e0fb7b231d4119001ac532 | Canon_law | Much of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called "inquisitorial", from the Latin "in... | What term characterizes the type of procedure used in Roman Church courts? | What term characterizes the type of procedure used in Roman Church courts? | [
"What term characterizes the type of procedure used in Roman Church courts?"
] | {
"text": [
"inquisitorial"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111830 | 57276f32708984140094dd71 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | Various evolutionary ideas had already been proposed to explain new findings in biology. There was growing support for such ideas among dissident anatomists and the general public, but during the first half of the 19th century the English scientific establishment was closely tied to the Church of England, while science... | Which theology did everyone agree science was a part of in the 19th century? | Which theology did everyone agree science was a part of in the 19th century? | [
"Which theology did everyone agree science was a part of in the 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"natural theology"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2776 | 5730115b04bcaa1900d770e9 | British_Isles | The earliest known references to the islands as a group appeared in the writings of sea-farers from the ancient Greek colony of Massalia. The original records have been lost; however, later writings, e.g. Avienus's Ora maritima, that quoted from the Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC) and from Pytheas's On the Ocean (... | When did the "P" sound of Pretannia change to the "B" sound of Britannia? | When did the "P" sound of Pretannia change to the "B" sound of Britannia? | [
"When did the \"P\" sound of Pretannia change to the \"B\" sound of Britannia?"
] | {
"text": [
"during the time of Julius Caesar"
],
"answer_start": [
987
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31038 | 572743e2f1498d1400e8f56e | Mexico_City | The city is colloquially known as Chilangolandia after the locals' nickname chilangos. Chilango is used pejoratively by people living outside Mexico City to "connote a loud, arrogant, ill-mannered, loutish person". For their part those living in Mexico City designate insultingly those who live elsewhere as living in la... | What is the "official" term to denote a citizen of Mexico City? | What is the "official" term to denote a citizen of Mexico City? | [
"What is the \"official\" term to denote a citizen of Mexico City?"
] | {
"text": [
"capitalinos"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5240 | 56e172f5cd28a01900c67955 | Boston | Many of Boston's medical facilities are associated with universities. The facilities in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area and in Massachusetts General Hospital are affiliated with Harvard Medical School. Tufts Medical Center (formerly Tufts-New England Medical Center), located in the southern portion of the Chinat... | Tufts- new England medical Center was renamed what? | Tufts- new England medical Center was renamed what? | [
"Tufts- new England medical Center was renamed what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tufts Medical Center"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95643 | 5ad3e20e604f3c001a3ff523 | Yale_University | Yale has a history of difficult and prolonged labor negotiations, often culminating in strikes. There have been at least eight strikes since 1968, and The New York Times wrote that Yale has a reputation as having the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S. Yale's unusually large endowment exacerbate... | What professor was retired in a 2013 labor strike? | What professor was retired in a 2013 labor strike? | [
"What professor was retired in a 2013 labor strike?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20778 | 56cd7ef762d2951400fa6654 | IPod | iPods have been criticized for alleged short life-span and fragile hard drives. A 2005 survey conducted on the MacInTouch website found that the iPod line had an average failure rate of 13.7% (although they note that comments from respondents indicate that "the true iPod failure rate may be lower than it appears"). It ... | How often did MacInTouch discover iPods stopped working, according to their survey? | How often did MacInTouch discover iPods stopped working, according to their survey? | [
"How often did MacInTouch discover iPods stopped working, according to their survey?"
] | {
"text": [
"13.7%"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2099 | 570b5f0c6b8089140040f8da | Military_history_of_the_United_States | With the emergence of ISIL and its capture of large areas of Iraq and Syria, a number of crises resulted that sparked international attention. ISIL had perpetrated sectarian killings and war crimes in both Iraq and Syria. Gains made in the Iraq war were rolled back as Iraqi army units abandoned their posts. Cities were... | What was the goal of US and coalition airstrikes in Syria? | What was the goal of US and coalition airstrikes in Syria? | [
"What was the goal of US and coalition airstrikes in Syria?"
] | {
"text": [
"degrading and destroying ISIL and Al-Nusra-held territory"
],
"answer_start": [
731
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58518 | 5a2ac1e45b078a001a2f06f7 | Sanskrit | The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) of India, along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs. In such schools, learning Sanskrit is an option for grades 5 to 8 (Class... | Traditional gurukulas no longer teach what language? | Traditional gurukulas no longer teach what language? | [
"Traditional gurukulas no longer teach what language?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43638 | 5726e9fadd62a815002e9502 | Korean_War | For the remainder of the Korean War the UN Command and the PVA fought, but exchanged little territory; the stalemate held. Large-scale bombing of North Korea continued, and protracted armistice negotiations began 10 July 1951 at Kaesong. On the Chinese side, Zhou Enlai directed peace talks, and Li Kenong and Qiao Guang... | What tactics were used by the PVA to coax the UN Command to continuing the war? | What tactics were used by the PVA to coax the UN Command to continuing the war? | [
"What tactics were used by the PVA to coax the UN Command to continuing the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"military and psychological operations"
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12455 | 5a65e2dec2b11c001a425db2 | Antibiotics | There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the United States District Court for the South... | When was resistance first discussed as a problem in the raising of the United States? | When was resistance first discussed as a problem in the raising of the United States? | [
"When was resistance first discussed as a problem in the raising of the United States?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27725 | 5acd153607355d001abf33ca | Energy | The total energy of a system can be subdivided and classified in various ways. For example, classical mechanics distinguishes between kinetic energy, which is determined by an object's movement through space, and potential energy, which is a function of the position of an object within a field. It may also be convenien... | what is determined by an object's non-movement through space? | what is determined by an object's non-movement through space? | [
"what is determined by an object's non-movement through space?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10976 | 5733addf4776f41900661009 | Anthropology | This meagre statistic expanded in the 20th century to comprise anthropology departments in the majority of the world's higher educational institutions, many thousands in number. Anthropology has diversified from a few major subdivisions to dozens more. Practical anthropology, the use of anthropological knowledge and te... | What did the 20th century see the expansion of anthropology departments into? | What did the 20th century see the expansion of anthropology departments into? | [
"What did the 20th century see the expansion of anthropology departments into?"
] | {
"text": [
"majority of the world's higher educational institutions"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56467 | 572eba5fdfa6aa1500f8d32c | Geography_of_the_United_States | The Great Plains lie west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains. A large portion of the country's agricultural products are grown in the Great Plains. Before their general conversion to farmland, the Great Plains were noted for their extensive grasslands, from tallgrass prairie in the eastern plains ... | In which area are a large number of the country's agricultural products grown? | In which area are a large number of the country's agricultural products grown? | [
"In which area are a large number of the country's agricultural products grown?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Great Plains"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22205 | 56e788ab37bdd419002c40d3 | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | Once inside the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom, there are no lines to see the individual documents and visitors are allowed to walk from document to document as they wish. For over 30 years the National Archives have forbidden flash photography but the advent of cameras with automatic flashes have made the rules i... | Since when has all filming and photography in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom been banned? | Since when has all filming and photography in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom been banned? | [
"Since when has all filming and photography in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom been banned?"
] | {
"text": [
"February 25, 2010"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38653 | 570c33b8ec8fbc190045bd96 | FC_Barcelona | Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season. Barça finished the season by beating the previous year'... | How many times did Barcelona win the Copa del Rey? | How many times did Barcelona win the Copa del Rey? | [
"How many times did Barcelona win the Copa del Rey?"
] | {
"text": [
"25"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95584 | 5ad3df35604f3c001a3ff491 | Yale_University | The Boston Globe wrote that "if there's one school that can lay claim to educating the nation's top national leaders over the past three decades, it's Yale." Yale alumni were represented on the Democratic or Republican ticket in every U.S. Presidential election between 1972 and 2004. Yale-educated Presidents since the ... | Which US presidents since before the Vietnam War have studied at Yale? | Which US presidents since before the Vietnam War have studied at Yale? | [
"Which US presidents since before the Vietnam War have studied at Yale?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105843 | 572f6eacb2c2fd140056810c | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the dat... | What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD? | What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD? | [
"What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD?"
] | {
"text": [
"photodiode"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65260 | 5726e7d3f1498d1400e8ef84 | Crimean_War | Britain was concerned about Russian activity and Sir John Burgoyne senior advisor to Lord Aberdeen urged that the Dardanelles should be occupied and throw up works of sufficient strength to block any Russian move to capture Constantinople and gain access to the Mediterranean Sea. The Corps of Royal Engineers sent men t... | Who was concerned with Russia capturing Constantinople? | Who was concerned with Russia capturing Constantinople? | [
"Who was concerned with Russia capturing Constantinople?"
] | {
"text": [
"Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49700 | 56cc36926d243a140015eed2 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Tibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders bet... | What year did Tang and Tibet sign a treaty to fix the borders? | What year did Tang and Tibet sign a treaty to fix the borders? | [
"What year did Tang and Tibet sign a treaty to fix the borders?"
] | {
"text": [
"821"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30702 | 57265ece708984140094c3dc | Mexico_City | Diaz's plans called for the entire city to eventually be modernized or rebuilt in the Porfirian/French style of the Colonia Roma; but the Mexican Revolution began soon afterward and the plans never came to fruition, with many projects being left half-completed. One of the best examples of this is the Monument to the Me... | What was the overall design plan of Mexico City? | What was the overall design plan of Mexico City? | [
"What was the overall design plan of Mexico City?"
] | {
"text": [
"Porfirian/French style"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37832 | 572fcda604bcaa1900d76d5e | Roman_Republic | By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome ... | How many of the Roman military were involved in the Battle of Allia River? | How many of the Roman military were involved in the Battle of Allia River? | [
"How many of the Roman military were involved in the Battle of Allia River?"
] | {
"text": [
"15,000 troops"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46750 | 57267d63708984140094c7e4 | Department_store | George Dayton had founded his Dayton's Dry Goods store in Minneapolis in 1902 and the AMC cooperative in 1912. His descendants built Southdale Center in 1956, opened the Target discount store chain in 1962 and the B. Dalton Bookseller chain in 1966. Dayton's grew to 19 stores under the Dayton's name plus five other reg... | What store did the Dayton-Hudson Corporation purchase in 1978? | What store did the Dayton-Hudson Corporation purchase in 1978? | [
"What store did the Dayton-Hudson Corporation purchase in 1978?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mervyn's"
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12066 | 56e15d98e3433e1400422e0f | Universal_Studios | During the war years Universal did have a co-production arrangement with producer Walter Wanger and his partner, director Fritz Lang, lending the studio some amount of prestige productions. Universal's core audience base was still found in the neighborhood movie theaters, and the studio continued to please the public w... | What was the studio that Alfred Hitchcock normally worked for? | What was the studio that Alfred Hitchcock normally worked for? | [
"What was the studio that Alfred Hitchcock normally worked for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Selznick International Pictures"
],
"answer_start": [
650
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44441 | 570714249e06ca38007e93b2 | Chihuahua_(state) | Between AD 300 and 1300 in the northern part of the state along the wide, fertile valley on the San Miguel River the Casas Grandes (Big Houses) culture developed into an advanced civilization. The Casas Grandes civilization is part of a major prehistoric archaeological culture known as Mogollon which is related to the ... | What city was the center of the Casas Grandes civilization? | What city was the center of the Casas Grandes civilization? | [
"What city was the center of the Casas Grandes civilization?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paquime"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14091 | 56f8cc7b9e9bad19000a051e | Brain | The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of... | The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates? | The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates? | [
"The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates?"
] | {
"text": [
"visual"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42364 | 5728d96a2ca10214002da97c | Karl_Popper | While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualificatio... | Which of Hayek's publications was dedicated to Popper? | Which of Hayek's publications was dedicated to Popper? | [
"Which of Hayek's publications was dedicated to Popper?"
] | {
"text": [
"Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics"
],
"answer_start": [
585
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14853 | 5730a11b2461fd1900a9cf11 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead describes causal efficacy as "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the su... | What is the term for the experience dominating primitive organisms that have a sense for fate? | What is the term for the experience dominating primitive organisms that have a sense for fate? | [
"What is the term for the experience dominating primitive organisms that have a sense for fate?"
] | {
"text": [
"causal efficacy"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91857 | 57267c9bdd62a815002e86e1 | Cotton | During the late medieval period, cotton became known as an imported fiber in northern Europe, without any knowledge of how it was derived, other than that it was a plant. Because Herodotus had written in his Histories, Book III, 106, that in India trees grew in the wild producing wool, it was assumed that the plant was... | What ancient writer gave later eras the idea that cotton might be a tree? | What ancient writer gave later eras the idea that cotton might be a tree? | [
"What ancient writer gave later eras the idea that cotton might be a tree?"
] | {
"text": [
"Herodotus"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35803 | 5a48747484b8a4001a7e7889 | Imperial_College_London | Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust was formed on 1 October 2007 by the merger of Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust (Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital and Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital) and St Mary's NHS Trust (St. Mary's Hospital and Western Eye Hospital) with Imperial College London Faculty of Med... | what trust has an annual income of $800 million/ | what trust has an annual income of $800 million/ | [
"what trust has an annual income of $800 million/"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85564 | 57111370b654c5140001faf5 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | In June 1989, Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing Peter Main, said that the Famicom was present in 37% of Japan's households. By 1990, 30% of American households owned the NES, compared to 23% for all personal computers. By 1990, the NES had outsold all previously released consoles worldwide.[better sourc... | In June 1989 who was Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing? | In June 1989 who was Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing? | [
"In June 1989 who was Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing?"
] | {
"text": [
"Peter Main"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1199 | 5a4e7a9e755ab9001a10f484 | Airport | Most major airports provide commercial outlets for products and services. Most of these companies, many of which are internationally known brands, are located within the departure areas. These include clothing boutiques and restaurants. Prices charged for items sold at these outlets are generally higher than those outs... | What do restaurants do to keep prices low? | What do restaurants do to keep prices low? | [
"What do restaurants do to keep prices low?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107999 | 5acd2f5507355d001abf3849 | Estonian_language | The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication. | Who wrote the first prayers? | Who wrote the first prayers? | [
"Who wrote the first prayers? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80034 | 5726b08af1498d1400e8e774 | Samoa | Britain also sent troops to protect British business enterprise, harbour rights, and consulate office. This was followed by an eight-year civil war, during which each of the three powers supplied arms, training and in some cases combat troops to the warring Samoan parties. The Samoan crisis came to a critical juncture ... | What country sent their military to protect their interests in Samoa? | What country sent their military to protect their interests in Samoa? | [
"What country sent their military to protect their interests in Samoa?"
] | {
"text": [
"Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77809 | 5727c9482ca10214002d962c | Strasbourg | Strasbourg (/ˈstræzbɜːrɡ/, French pronunciation: [stʁaz.buʁ, stʁas.buʁ]; Alsatian: Strossburi; German: Straßburg, [ˈʃtʁaːsbʊɐ̯k]) is the capital and largest city of the Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine (ACAL) region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border wit... | Strasbourg has an official seat in what parliament? | Strasbourg has an official seat in what parliament? | [
"Strasbourg has an official seat in what parliament?"
] | {
"text": [
"European"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98823 | 56de71014396321400ee28f4 | Heresy | In the Roman Catholic Church, obstinate and willful manifest heresy is considered to spiritually cut one off from the Church, even before excommunication is incurred. The Codex Justinianus (1:5:12) defines "everyone who is not devoted to the Catholic Church and to our Orthodox holy Faith" a heretic. The Church had alwa... | What group moved westward to give rise to the famous 11th and 12th century heresy in western Europe? | What group moved westward to give rise to the famous 11th and 12th century heresy in western Europe? | [
"What group moved westward to give rise to the famous 11th and 12th century heresy in western Europe?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paulicians"
],
"answer_start": [
612
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4314 | 56dda8f166d3e219004dac99 | Institute_of_technology | In several countries, like Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Turkey, institutes of technology and polytechnics are institutions of higher education, and have been accredited to award academic degrees and doctorates. Famous examples are the Istanbul Technical University, ETH Zurich, İYTE, Delft University of Tec... | What kind of institutions do countries like Germany and Switzerland consider institutes of technology to be? | What kind of institutions do countries like Germany and Switzerland consider institutes of technology to be? | [
"What kind of institutions do countries like Germany and Switzerland consider institutes of technology to be?"
] | {
"text": [
"institutions of higher education"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19500 | 5ad5f73f5b96ef001a10af40 | Comprehensive_school | Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less... | Which types of school projects haven't called the model of comprehensive schools into question? | Which types of school projects haven't called the model of comprehensive schools into question? | [
"Which types of school projects haven't called the model of comprehensive schools into question?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57927 | 5ad410c7604f3c001a4001c9 | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | When Eisenhower was elected President in 1952, he believed hiring practices and anti-discrimination laws should be decided by the states, although the administration gradually continued to desegregate the Armed Forces and the federal government.:50 The President also established the Government Contract Committee in 195... | Who was the chairman of the old committee? | Who was the chairman of the old committee? | [
" Who was the chairman of the old committee?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69116 | 57093dae9928a814004714e8 | Houston | When World War II started, tonnage levels at the port decreased and shipping activities were suspended; however, the war did provide economic benefits for the city. Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products... | What was the policy created by President Roosevelt due to the boom in defense jobs? | What was the policy created by President Roosevelt due to the boom in defense jobs? | [
"What was the policy created by President Roosevelt due to the boom in defense jobs?"
] | {
"text": [
"non-discrimination for defense contractors"
],
"answer_start": [
787
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110202 | 5727c37eff5b5019007d94a0 | Culture | When used as a count noun "a culture", is the set of customs, traditions and values of a society or community, such as an ethnic group or nation. In this sense, multiculturalism is a concept that values the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different cultures inhabiting the same territory. Sometimes "cult... | What does the term "Count Noun" mean? | What does the term "Count Noun" mean? | [
"What does the term \"Count Noun\" mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"a culture"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73227 | 56db193ce7c41114004b4cfc | American_Idol | The performance of "Summertime" by Barrino, later known simply as "Fantasia", at Top 8 was widely praised, and Simon Cowell considered it as his favorite Idol moment in the nine seasons he was on the show. Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo were the last two finalists, and Fantasia was crowned as the winner. Fantasia released ... | Who has said that Barrino's rendition of Summertime has been his top moment of all seasons? | Who has said that Barrino's rendition of Summertime has been his top moment of all seasons? | [
"Who has said that Barrino's rendition of Summertime has been his top moment of all seasons?"
] | {
"text": [
"Simon Cowell"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94308 | 5727cbac4b864d1900163d3e | Cork_(city) | The city is also home to the Heineken Brewery that brews Murphy's Irish Stout and the nearby Beamish and Crawford brewery (taken over by Heineken in 2008) which have been in the city for generations. 45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets are manufactured at the city's Ferrero factory. For many years, Cork was the home to F... | Why was it natural to have Ford Motor Company based in Cork? | Why was it natural to have Ford Motor Company based in Cork? | [
"Why was it natural to have Ford Motor Company based in Cork?"
] | {
"text": [
"Henry Ford's grandfather was from West Cork"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47692 | 57265f7e5951b619008f70e6 | Napoleon | He was moved to the Bureau of Topography of the Committee of Public Safety and sought unsuccessfully to be transferred to Constantinople in order to offer his services to the Sultan. During this period, he wrote the romantic novella Clisson et Eugénie, about a soldier and his lover, in a clear parallel to Bonaparte's o... | Inspired by his own relationship, what romantic tale did Napoleon author? | Inspired by his own relationship, what romantic tale did Napoleon author? | [
"Inspired by his own relationship, what romantic tale did Napoleon author?"
] | {
"text": [
"Clisson et Eugénie"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90855 | 573245f7b9d445190005e97d | Pacific_War | The largest and bloodiest American battle came at Okinawa, as the U.S. sought airbases for 3,000 B-29 bombers and 240 squadrons of B-17 bombers for the intense bombardment of Japan's home islands in preparation for a full-scale invasion in late 1945. The Japanese, with 115,000 troops augmented by thousands of civilians... | How many Japanese troops were on Okinawa? | How many Japanese troops were on Okinawa? | [
"How many Japanese troops were on Okinawa?"
] | {
"text": [
"115,000"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21121 | 5a7513c097ca42001a521e6b | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | Likewise the migration of Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans also began as a result of political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s. The uprising of the Sandinista revolution which toppled the Somoza dictatorship in 1979 caused many Nicaraguans to migrate particularly from those opposing the Sandinistas. T... | Spanish speaking Nicaraguans also migrated for what reason? | Spanish speaking Nicaraguans also migrated for what reason? | [
"Spanish speaking Nicaraguans also migrated for what reason?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11486 | 5727a70e4b864d1900163981 | North_Carolina | Elementary and secondary public schools are overseen by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. The North Carolina Superintendent of Public Instruction is the secretary of the North Carolina State Board of Education, but the board, rather than the superintendent, holds most of the legal authority for makin... | How many public school systems does North Carolina have? | How many public school systems does North Carolina have? | [
"How many public school systems does North Carolina have?"
] | {
"text": [
"115"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112926 | 5a70c1378abb0b001a67616e | Xbox_360 | Six games were initially available in Japan, while eagerly anticipated titles such as Dead or Alive 4 and Enchanted Arms were released in the weeks following the console's launch. Games targeted specifically for the region, such as Chromehounds, Ninety-Nine Nights, and Phantasy Star Universe, were also released in the ... | How many game pre-orders did the console have in its first year? | How many game pre-orders did the console have in its first year? | [
"How many game pre-orders did the console have in its first year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109092 | 57276074f1498d1400e8f719 | Carnival | While christian festivals such as corpus christi were church-sanctioned celebrations, Carnival was also a manifestation of European folk culture. In the Christian tradition the fasting is to commemorate the 40 days that Jesus fasted in the desert according to the New Testament and also to reflect on Christian values. A... | Carnival was also a result of what area's folk culture? | Carnival was also a result of what area's folk culture? | [
"Carnival was also a result of what area's folk culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"European"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
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