README.md

metadata

license: mit
pretty_name: Cosimo CFA/FRM Synthetic Reasoning Dataset
language:
  - en
task_categories:
  - question-answering
  - text-generation
tags:
  - finance
  - cfa
  - frm
  - synthetic
  - reasoning
  - chain-of-thought
  - dpo
  - orpo
  - preference-optimization
  - exam
size_categories:
  - 10K<n<100K
dataset_info:
  - config_name: default
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: program
        dtype: string
      - name: topic
        dtype: string
      - name: subtopic
        dtype: string
      - name: difficulty
        dtype: string
      - name: question_type
        dtype: string
      - name: question
        dtype: string
      - name: answer
        dtype: string
      - name: distractors
        list: string
      - name: reasoning_trace
        dtype: string
      - name: verified
        dtype: bool
      - name: verification
        struct:
          - name: answer_matches_recomputation
            dtype: bool
          - name: flawed_answer_concrete
            dtype: string
          - name: method
            dtype: string
          - name: recomputed
            dtype: bool
          - name: seed
            dtype: int64
          - name: template
            dtype: string
      - name: metadata
        struct:
          - name: difficulty
            dtype: string
          - name: generator
            dtype: string
          - name: generator_version
            dtype: string
          - name: pitfalls_addressed
            list: string
          - name: question_type
            dtype: string
          - name: seed
            dtype: int64
          - name: source
            dtype: string
          - name: subtopic
            dtype: string
          - name: topic
            dtype: string
      - name: preference_pair
        struct:
          - name: chosen
            struct:
              - name: answer
                dtype: string
              - name: reasoning_trace
                dtype: string
          - name: pitfall
            dtype: string
          - name: rejected
            struct:
              - name: answer
                dtype: string
              - name: reasoning_trace
                dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: cfa_level_i
        num_bytes: 33862988
        num_examples: 33000
      - name: cfa_level_ii
        num_bytes: 11679506
        num_examples: 12000
      - name: cfa_level_iii
        num_bytes: 8906918
        num_examples: 9000
      - name: frm_part_1
        num_bytes: 8894989
        num_examples: 10000
      - name: frm_part_2
        num_bytes: 6619198
        num_examples: 7000
    download_size: 9642224
    dataset_size: 69963599
  - config_name: preference_pairs
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: program
        dtype: string
      - name: topic
        dtype: string
      - name: subtopic
        dtype: string
      - name: difficulty
        dtype: string
      - name: question_type
        dtype: string
      - name: prompt
        dtype: string
      - name: chosen
        struct:
          - name: answer
            dtype: string
          - name: reasoning_trace
            dtype: string
      - name: rejected
        struct:
          - name: answer
            dtype: string
          - name: reasoning_trace
            dtype: string
      - name: pitfall
        dtype: string
      - name: answer
        dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: train
        num_bytes: 18935143
        num_examples: 24711
    download_size: 2898321
    dataset_size: 18935143
configs:
  - config_name: default
    data_files:
      - split: cfa_level_i
        path: data/cfa_level_i-*
      - split: cfa_level_ii
        path: data/cfa_level_ii-*
      - split: cfa_level_iii
        path: data/cfa_level_iii-*
      - split: frm_part_1
        path: data/frm_part_1-*
      - split: frm_part_2
        path: data/frm_part_2-*
  - config_name: preference_pairs
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: preference_pairs/train-*

Cosimo: Synthetic CFA/FRM Financial Reasoning Dataset

Cosimo is a synthetic, code-verified financial-exam question dataset for training reasoning models and preference-tuned (DPO/ORPO) models. It contains 71,000 original, numerically-grounded questions spanning the CFA Level I–III and FRM Part 1/2 curricula, each with a step-by-step chain-of-thought reasoning trace.

Every numerical answer is computed by reference code, never sampled from a language model. Reasoning traces are derived from the computed intermediates, so they are numerically consistent by construction. About 35% of records additionally carry a preference pair — a verified strong trace (chosen) versus a flawed trace committing exactly one targeted pitfall error (rejected) — ready for DPO/ORPO training.

This dataset was built for Cosimo, a project fine-tuning a compact model (Phi-4-mini-flash, 3.8B) into a financial-reasoning specialist using Unsloth.

Composition

Program	Records	Split name
CFA Level I	33,000	cfa_level_i
CFA Level II	12,000	cfa_level_ii
CFA Level III	9,000	cfa_level_iii
FRM Part 1	10,000	frm_part_1
FRM Part 2	7,000	frm_part_2
Total	71,000

Coverage spans 59 topic × subtopic cells across quantitative methods, fixed income, derivatives, equity valuation, portfolio management, market/credit/ operational/liquidity risk, economics, FSA, ethics-adjacent performance topics, and more. Question types: Calculation, Vignette, Constructed Response, and MCQ. Difficulty tiers follow the program level (e.g. L1_Easy … L3_Hard, FRM1_*, FRM2_*).

Configs

default — full records, one split per program

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("btech-software/cosimo-cfa-frm-71k", "default")
ds["cfa_level_i"][0]

Each record:

Field	Description
id	cosimo_<program>_<seq>_<sha> — content hash of question + verified answer
program	CFA_Level_I … FRM_Part_2
topic / subtopic	curriculum taxonomy cell
difficulty	tiered difficulty label
question_type	Calculation, Vignette, Constructed Response, MCQ
question	original question text
answer	correct answer (computed)
distractors	plausible wrong options (empty for constructed-response)
reasoning_trace	step-by-step CoT with formulas and explicit assumptions
verified	true — only verified records are shipped
verification	method, template, seed, recomputation flags
metadata	pitfalls addressed, generator name/version, seed
preference_pair	chosen/rejected traces + pitfall (null on ~65% of rows)

preference_pairs — flattened DPO/ORPO rows

24,711 rows with prompt, chosen ({answer, reasoning_trace}), rejected ({answer, reasoning_trace}), and the named pitfall the rejected trace commits (e.g. "geometric vs arithmetic", "annuity due vs ordinary", "sign flip"). The rejected answer is guaranteed numerically different from the correct answer.

prefs = load_dataset("btech-software/cosimo-cfa-frm-71k", "preference_pairs")

def to_dpo(row):
    return {
        "prompt": row["prompt"],
        "chosen": row["chosen"]["reasoning_trace"],
        "rejected": row["rejected"]["reasoning_trace"],
    }

dpo = prefs["train"].map(to_dpo, remove_columns=prefs["train"].column_names)

Integrity guarantees

The full corpus passes a 4-axis verification gate (100% on all axes at release):

1. Answers are computed, not guessed. Every template computes its result numerically; the verification gate re-runs the template from the stored seed and compares the recomputed answer to the persisted one.
2. Traces are derived from computed numbers. Trace text references the already-computed intermediates and is byte-identical under deterministic recomputation.
3. Concrete preference pairs. Every rejected answer is verified to differ numerically from the correct answer.
4. Clean distractors. No distractor numerically equals the correct answer.

Generation is deterministic per (program, template, variant) with content-hashed IDs, so every record is independently reproducible from its stored seed.

Limitations

• Structural novelty is bounded by 71 distinct question stems (templates); within a stem, records differ in sampled numbers, entities, and phrasing. Deduplicate by metadata.generator if you need stem-level splits.
• Content is synthetic exam-style material aligned to public learning objectives; it is not a substitute for official curriculum or mock exams.
• English only.

Provenance and trademarks

All questions are original synthetic content generated from independently written templates inspired only by publicly available learning outcome statements. No proprietary CFA Institute or GARP exam items were used. CFA® is a registered trademark of CFA Institute; FRM® is a registered trademark of the Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP). This dataset is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by CFA Institute or GARP.

License

MIT. Attribution appreciated:

@misc{cosimo2026,
  title  = {Cosimo Financial Dataset: A Synthetic, Code-Verified CFA/FRM Financial Reasoning Dataset},
  author = {Sant'Anna, Bruno},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/btech-software/cosimo-cfa-frm-71k}
}