| --- |
| license: mit |
| pretty_name: Cosimo CFA/FRM Synthetic Reasoning Dataset |
| language: |
| - en |
| task_categories: |
| - question-answering |
| - text-generation |
| tags: |
| - finance |
| - cfa |
| - frm |
| - synthetic |
| - reasoning |
| - chain-of-thought |
| - dpo |
| - orpo |
| - preference-optimization |
| - exam |
| size_categories: |
| - 10K<n<100K |
| dataset_info: |
| - config_name: default |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: topic |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subtopic |
| dtype: string |
| - name: difficulty |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question_type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: distractors |
| list: string |
| - name: reasoning_trace |
| dtype: string |
| - name: verified |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: verification |
| struct: |
| - name: answer_matches_recomputation |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: flawed_answer_concrete |
| dtype: string |
| - name: method |
| dtype: string |
| - name: recomputed |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: seed |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: template |
| dtype: string |
| - name: metadata |
| struct: |
| - name: difficulty |
| dtype: string |
| - name: generator |
| dtype: string |
| - name: generator_version |
| dtype: string |
| - name: pitfalls_addressed |
| list: string |
| - name: question_type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: seed |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subtopic |
| dtype: string |
| - name: topic |
| dtype: string |
| - name: preference_pair |
| struct: |
| - name: chosen |
| struct: |
| - name: answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: reasoning_trace |
| dtype: string |
| - name: pitfall |
| dtype: string |
| - name: rejected |
| struct: |
| - name: answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: reasoning_trace |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: cfa_level_i |
| num_bytes: 33862988 |
| num_examples: 33000 |
| - name: cfa_level_ii |
| num_bytes: 11679506 |
| num_examples: 12000 |
| - name: cfa_level_iii |
| num_bytes: 8906918 |
| num_examples: 9000 |
| - name: frm_part_1 |
| num_bytes: 8894989 |
| num_examples: 10000 |
| - name: frm_part_2 |
| num_bytes: 6619198 |
| num_examples: 7000 |
| download_size: 9642224 |
| dataset_size: 69963599 |
| - config_name: preference_pairs |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: topic |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subtopic |
| dtype: string |
| - name: difficulty |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question_type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: prompt |
| dtype: string |
| - name: chosen |
| struct: |
| - name: answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: reasoning_trace |
| dtype: string |
| - name: rejected |
| struct: |
| - name: answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: reasoning_trace |
| dtype: string |
| - name: pitfall |
| dtype: string |
| - name: answer |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 18935143 |
| num_examples: 24711 |
| download_size: 2898321 |
| dataset_size: 18935143 |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: cfa_level_i |
| path: data/cfa_level_i-* |
| - split: cfa_level_ii |
| path: data/cfa_level_ii-* |
| - split: cfa_level_iii |
| path: data/cfa_level_iii-* |
| - split: frm_part_1 |
| path: data/frm_part_1-* |
| - split: frm_part_2 |
| path: data/frm_part_2-* |
| - config_name: preference_pairs |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: preference_pairs/train-* |
| --- |
| |
| # Cosimo: Synthetic CFA/FRM Financial Reasoning Dataset |
|
|
| Cosimo is a **synthetic, code-verified** financial-exam question dataset for |
| training reasoning models and preference-tuned (DPO/ORPO) models. It contains |
| **71,000** original, numerically-grounded questions spanning the CFA Level I–III |
| and FRM Part 1/2 curricula, each with a step-by-step chain-of-thought reasoning |
| trace. |
|
|
| Every numerical answer is **computed by reference code, never sampled from a |
| language model**. Reasoning traces are *derived from* the computed |
| intermediates, so they are numerically consistent by construction. About 35% of |
| records additionally carry a **preference pair** — a verified strong trace |
| (`chosen`) versus a flawed trace committing exactly one targeted pitfall error |
| (`rejected`) — ready for DPO/ORPO training. |
|
|
| This dataset was built for |
| [**Cosimo**](https://github.com/btech-software/cosimo), a project fine-tuning a |
| compact model (Phi-4-mini-flash, 3.8B) into a financial-reasoning specialist |
| using [Unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth). |
|
|
| ## Composition |
|
|
| | Program | Records | Split name | |
| |---|---|---| |
| | CFA Level I | 33,000 | `cfa_level_i` | |
| | CFA Level II | 12,000 | `cfa_level_ii` | |
| | CFA Level III | 9,000 | `cfa_level_iii` | |
| | FRM Part 1 | 10,000 | `frm_part_1` | |
| | FRM Part 2 | 7,000 | `frm_part_2` | |
| | **Total** | **71,000** | | |
|
|
| Coverage spans 59 topic × subtopic cells across quantitative methods, fixed |
| income, derivatives, equity valuation, portfolio management, market/credit/ |
| operational/liquidity risk, economics, FSA, ethics-adjacent performance topics, |
| and more. Question types: `Calculation`, `Vignette`, `Constructed Response`, |
| and `MCQ`. Difficulty tiers follow the program level (e.g. `L1_Easy` … |
| `L3_Hard`, `FRM1_*`, `FRM2_*`). |
|
|
| ## Configs |
|
|
| ### `default` — full records, one split per program |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| ds = load_dataset("btech-software/cosimo-cfa-frm-71k", "default") |
| ds["cfa_level_i"][0] |
| ``` |
|
|
| Each record: |
|
|
| | Field | Description | |
| |---|---| |
| | `id` | `cosimo_<program>_<seq>_<sha>` — content hash of question + verified answer | |
| | `program` | `CFA_Level_I` … `FRM_Part_2` | |
| | `topic` / `subtopic` | curriculum taxonomy cell | |
| | `difficulty` | tiered difficulty label | |
| | `question_type` | `Calculation`, `Vignette`, `Constructed Response`, `MCQ` | |
| | `question` | original question text | |
| | `answer` | correct answer (computed) | |
| | `distractors` | plausible wrong options (empty for constructed-response) | |
| | `reasoning_trace` | step-by-step CoT with formulas and explicit assumptions | |
| | `verified` | `true` — only verified records are shipped | |
| | `verification` | method, template, seed, recomputation flags | |
| | `metadata` | pitfalls addressed, generator name/version, seed | |
| | `preference_pair` | `chosen`/`rejected` traces + `pitfall` (null on ~65% of rows) | |
|
|
| ### `preference_pairs` — flattened DPO/ORPO rows |
| |
| 24,711 rows with `prompt`, `chosen` (`{answer, reasoning_trace}`), `rejected` |
| (`{answer, reasoning_trace}`), and the named `pitfall` the rejected trace |
| commits (e.g. *"geometric vs arithmetic"*, *"annuity due vs ordinary"*, *"sign |
| flip"*). The rejected answer is guaranteed numerically different from the |
| correct answer. |
|
|
| ```python |
| prefs = load_dataset("btech-software/cosimo-cfa-frm-71k", "preference_pairs") |
| |
| def to_dpo(row): |
| return { |
| "prompt": row["prompt"], |
| "chosen": row["chosen"]["reasoning_trace"], |
| "rejected": row["rejected"]["reasoning_trace"], |
| } |
| |
| dpo = prefs["train"].map(to_dpo, remove_columns=prefs["train"].column_names) |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Integrity guarantees |
|
|
| The full corpus passes a 4-axis verification gate (100% on all axes at release): |
|
|
| 1. **Answers are computed, not guessed.** Every template computes its result |
| numerically; the verification gate re-runs the template from the stored seed |
| and compares the recomputed answer to the persisted one. |
| 2. **Traces are derived from computed numbers.** Trace text references the |
| already-computed intermediates and is byte-identical under deterministic |
| recomputation. |
| 3. **Concrete preference pairs.** Every `rejected` answer is verified to differ |
| numerically from the correct answer. |
| 4. **Clean distractors.** No distractor numerically equals the correct answer. |
|
|
| Generation is deterministic per `(program, template, variant)` with |
| content-hashed IDs, so every record is independently reproducible from its |
| stored seed. |
|
|
| ## Limitations |
|
|
| - **Structural novelty is bounded by 71 distinct question stems** (templates); |
| within a stem, records differ in sampled numbers, entities, and phrasing. |
| Deduplicate by `metadata.generator` if you need stem-level splits. |
| - Content is synthetic exam-*style* material aligned to public learning |
| objectives; it is not a substitute for official curriculum or mock exams. |
| - English only. |
|
|
| ## Provenance and trademarks |
|
|
| All questions are **original synthetic content** generated from independently |
| written templates inspired only by publicly available learning outcome |
| statements. **No proprietary CFA Institute or GARP exam items were used.** |
| CFA® is a registered trademark of CFA Institute; FRM® is a registered |
| trademark of the Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP). This dataset |
| is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by CFA Institute or GARP. |
|
|
| ## License |
|
|
| MIT. Attribution appreciated: |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @misc{cosimo2026, |
| title = {Cosimo Financial Dataset: A Synthetic, Code-Verified CFA/FRM Financial Reasoning Dataset}, |
| author = {Sant'Anna, Bruno}, |
| year = {2026}, |
| url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/btech-software/cosimo-cfa-frm-71k} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
