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Westernization | Westernization (or Westernisation, see spelling differences), also Europeanisation or occidentalization (from the Occident), is a process whereby societies come under or adopt what is considered to be Western culture, in areas such as industry, technology, science, education, politics, economics, lifestyle, law, norms,... | 0.815325 | 0.993961 | 0.810401 |
Anachronism | An anachronism (from the Greek , 'against' and , 'time') is a chronological inconsistency in some arrangement, especially a juxtaposition of people, events, objects, language terms and customs from different time periods. The most common type of anachronism is an object misplaced in time, but it may be a verbal expre... | 0.81098 | 0.99842 | 0.809699 |
Pre-industrial society | Pre-industrial society refers to social attributes and forms of political and cultural organization that were prevalent before the advent of the Industrial Revolution, which occurred from 1750 to 1850. Pre-industrial refers to a time before there were machines and tools to help perform tasks en masse. Pre-industrial ci... | 0.814736 | 0.99342 | 0.809376 |
Periodization | In historiography, periodization is the process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified, and named blocks of time for the purpose of study or analysis. This is usually done in order to understand current and historical processes, and the causality that might have linked those events.
Periodizations... | 0.811482 | 0.995228 | 0.80761 |
History of Europe | The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500).
The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during... | 0.804999 | 0.998863 | 0.804084 |
Early modern period | The early modern period is a historical period that is part of, or (depending on the historian) immediately preceded, the modern period, with divisions based primarily on the history of Europe and the broader concept of modernity. There is no exact date that marks the beginning or end of the period and its extent may v... | 0.801404 | 0.999153 | 0.800725 |
Three-age system | The three-age system is the periodization of human prehistory (with some overlap into the historical periods in a few regions) into three time-periods: the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, although the concept may also refer to other tripartite divisions of historic time periods. In history, archaeology and... | 0.801034 | 0.997677 | 0.799174 |
Human history | Human history is the record of humankind from prehistory to the present. Modern humans evolved in Africa around 300,000 years ago and initially lived as hunter-gatherers. They migrated out of Africa during the Last Ice Age and had populated most of the Earth by the end of the Ice Age 12,000 years ago. Soon afterward, t... | 0.799215 | 0.999453 | 0.798777 |
Golden age (metaphor) | A golden age is a period considered the peak in the history of a country or people, a time period when the greatest achievements were made. The term originated from early Greek and Roman poets, who used it to refer to a time when mankind lived in a better time and was pure (see Golden Age).
The ancient Greek poet Hesi... | 0.804347 | 0.992059 | 0.797959 |
Industrialisation | Industrialisation (UK) or industrialization (US) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive reorganisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing. Industrialisation is associated with increase of pollu... | 0.799944 | 0.997364 | 0.797835 |
Social change | Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations. Sustained at a larger scale, it may lead to social transformation or societal transformation.
Definition
Social change may not refer to the notion of social progres... | 0.800031 | 0.997251 | 0.797832 |
Globalization | Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. The term globalization first appeared in the early 20th century (supplanting an earlier French term mondialisation), developed its current m... | 0.797125 | 0.999534 | 0.796754 |
Historian | A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. Some historians are recognized by publications o... | 0.798293 | 0.996577 | 0.79556 |
Modern era | The modern era or the modern period is considered the current historical period of human history. It was originally applied to the history of Europe and Western history for events that came after the Middle Ages, often from around the year 1500. From the 1990s, it is more common among historians to refer to the period ... | 0.796286 | 0.998578 | 0.795153 |
Post-classical history | In world history, post-classical history refers to the period from about 500 CE to 1500 CE, roughly corresponding to the European Middle Ages. The period is characterized by the expansion of civilizations geographically and the development of trade networks between civilizations. This period is also called the medieval... | 0.799509 | 0.994142 | 0.794826 |
Early modern Europe | Early modern Europe, also referred to as the post-medieval period, is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the mid 15th century to the late 18th century. Historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the inven... | 0.799808 | 0.993762 | 0.794819 |
Social stratification | Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power (social and political). It is a hierarchy within groups that ascribe them to different levels of privil... | 0.795264 | 0.998705 | 0.794234 |
Historical region | Historical regions (or historical areas) are geographical regions which, at some point in history, had a cultural, ethnic, linguistic or political basis, regardless of latter-day borders. There are some historical regions that can be considered as "active", for example: Moravia, which is held by the Czech Republic, is ... | 0.800078 | 0.992671 | 0.794214 |
Military history | Military history is the study of armed conflict in the history of humanity, and its impact on the societies, cultures and economies thereof, as well as the resulting changes to local and international relationships.
Professional historians normally focus on military affairs that had a major impact on the societies inv... | 0.797717 | 0.995513 | 0.794137 |
Humanities | Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture, including certain fundamental questions asked by humans. During the Renaissance, the term 'humanities' referred to the study of classical literature and language, as opposed to the study of religion or 'divinity.' The study of the huma... | 0.794171 | 0.998875 | 0.793277 |
Middle Ages | In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD. It is the second of the three traditional divisions of Western history: antiquity, medieval, and modern. Major developments include the economic predominance of agriculture, exploita... | 0.793109 | 0.999883 | 0.793016 |
Sociology | Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. Regarded as a part of both the social sciences and humanities, sociology uses various methods of empirical invest... | 0.792768 | 0.999715 | 0.792542 |
Early Middle Ages | The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th to the 10th century. They marked the start of the Middle Ages of European history, following the decline of the Western Roman Empire, and preceding t... | 0.792882 | 0.999044 | 0.792124 |
Medieval demography | Medieval demography is the study of human demography in Europe and the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages. It estimates and seeks to explain the number of people who were alive during the Medieval period, population trends, life expectancy, family structure, and related issues. Demography is considered a crucial elem... | 0.795592 | 0.995531 | 0.792037 |
Late Middle Ages | The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500. The late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern period (and in much of Europe, the Renaissance).
Around 1350, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to ... | 0.79271 | 0.998525 | 0.791541 |
Western culture | Western culture, also known as Western civilization, European civilization, Occidental culture, or Western society, refers to the diverse culture of the Western World. The term "Western" encompasses the social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies prim... | 0.792148 | 0.998891 | 0.79127 |
Renaissance | The Renaissance ( , ) is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and surpass the ideas and achievements of classical antiquity. Associated with great social change ... | 0.790944 | 0.999907 | 0.79087 |
Political history of the world | The political history of the world is the history of the various political entities created by the human race throughout their existence and the way these states define their borders. Throughout history, political systems have expanded from basic systems of self-governance and monarchy to the complex democratic and tot... | 0.796016 | 0.992897 | 0.790363 |
History of globalization | The historical origins of globalization (also known as historical globalization) are the subject of ongoing debate. Though many scholars situate the origins of globalization in the modern era (around the 19th century), others regard it as a phenomenon with a long history, dating back thousands of years (a concept known... | 0.794762 | 0.99443 | 0.790335 |
Great Divergence | The Great Divergence or European miracle is the socioeconomic shift in which the Western world (i.e. Western Europe and the parts of the New World where its people became the dominant populations) overcame pre-modern growth constraints and emerged during the 19th century as the most powerful and wealthy world civilizat... | 0.792761 | 0.996389 | 0.789898 |
Historiography | Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension, the term historiography is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians have studied that topic by using particular source... | 0.791067 | 0.998232 | 0.789668 |
Historical sociology | Historical sociology is an interdisciplinary field of research that combines sociological and historical methods to understand the past, how societies have developed over time, and the impact this has on the present. It emphasises a mutual line of inquiry of the past and present to understand how discrete historical ev... | 0.805565 | 0.979603 | 0.789134 |
Total war | Total war is a type of warfare that includes any and all (including civilian-associated) resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilises all of the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to warfare over non-combatant needs.
The term has been defined as "A war that is unrestric... | 0.790091 | 0.998374 | 0.788806 |
Decoloniality | Decoloniality is a school of thought that aims to delink from Eurocentric knowledge hierarchies and ways of being in the world in order to enable other forms of existence on Earth. It critiques the perceived universality of Western knowledge and the superiority of Western culture, including the systems and institutions... | 0.79653 | 0.990284 | 0.78879 |
Eurocentrism | Eurocentrism (also Eurocentricity or Western-centrism) refers to viewing the West as the center of world events or superior to all other cultures. The exact scope of Eurocentrism varies from the entire Western world to just the continent of Europe or even more narrowly, to Western Europe (especially during the Cold War... | 0.792027 | 0.995672 | 0.7886 |
Modernity | Modernity, a topic in the humanities and social sciences, is both a historical period (the modern era) and the ensemble of particular socio-cultural norms, attitudes and practices that arose in the wake of the Renaissancein the Age of Reason of 17th-century thought and the 18th-century Enlightenment. Commentators vario... | 0.790459 | 0.997621 | 0.788578 |
Medievalism | Medievalism is a system of belief and practice inspired by the Middle Ages of Europe, or by devotion to elements of that period, which have been expressed in areas such as architecture, literature, music, art, philosophy, scholarship, and various vehicles of popular culture. Since the 17th century, a variety of movemen... | 0.795908 | 0.990717 | 0.788519 |
Historical drama | A historical drama (also period drama, period piece or just period) is a dramatic work set in a past time period, usually used in the context of film and television, which presents historical events and characters with varying degrees of fictional elements such as creative dialogue or fictional scenes which aim to comp... | 0.789245 | 0.998244 | 0.78786 |
Big History | Big History is an academic discipline which examines history from the Big Bang to the present. Big History resists specialization, and searches for universal patterns or trends. It examines long time frames using a multidisciplinary approach based on combining numerous disciplines from science and the humanities, and e... | 0.793404 | 0.992819 | 0.787706 |
Civilization | A civilization is any complex society characterized by the development of the state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or spoken languages (namely, writing systems and graphic arts).
Civilizations include features such as agriculture, architecture, infrastructure,... | 0.788039 | 0.999238 | 0.787439 |
Ancient history | Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history covers all continents inhabited by humans in the period 3000 BCAD 500, endin... | 0.78784 | 0.999427 | 0.787389 |
Protohistory | Protohistory is the period between prehistory and written history, during which a culture or civilization has not yet developed writing, but other cultures that have developed writing have noted the existence of those pre-literate groups in their own writings.
Protohistoric may also refer to the transition period bet... | 0.791832 | 0.993185 | 0.786436 |
Longue durée | The longue durée (; ) is the French Annales School approach to the study of history. It gives priority to long-term historical structures over what François Simiand called histoire événementielle ("evental history", the short-term time-scale that is the domain of the chronicler and the journalist). It concentrates ins... | 0.792744 | 0.991676 | 0.786144 |
Prehistory | Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest know... | 0.786692 | 0.99921 | 0.78607 |
High Middle Ages | The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the period of European history that lasted from AD 1000 to 1300. The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which ended around AD 1500 (by historiographical convention).
Key historical trends of the High Middle Ag... | 0.78678 | 0.998622 | 0.785696 |
1st millennium | The first millennium of the anno Domini or Common Era was a millennium spanning the years 1 to 1000 (1st to 10th centuries; in astronomy: JD – ). The world population rose more slowly than during the preceding millennium, from about 200 million in the year 1 to about 300 million in the year 1000.
In Western Euras... | 0.788706 | 0.995756 | 0.785358 |
Diachrony and synchrony | Synchrony and diachrony are two complementary viewpoints in linguistic analysis. A synchronic approach (from "together" and "time") considers a language at a moment in time without taking its history into account. Synchronic linguistics aims at describing a language at a specific point of time, often the present. In ... | 0.790058 | 0.993826 | 0.78518 |
High modernism | High modernism (also known as high modernity) is a form of modernity, characterized by an unfaltering confidence in science and technology as means to reorder the social and natural world. The high modernist movement was particularly prevalent during the Cold War, especially in the late 1950s and 1960s.
Definition
Hig... | 0.797128 | 0.984858 | 0.785057 |
Whig history | Whig history (or Whig historiography) is an approach to historiography that presents history as a journey from an oppressive and benighted past to a "glorious present". The present described is generally one with modern forms of liberal democracy and constitutional monarchy: it was originally a term for the metanarrat... | 0.789312 | 0.994522 | 0.784988 |
Agriculture in the Middle Ages | Agriculture in the Middle Ages describes the farming practices, crops, technology, and agricultural society and economy of Europe from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 to approximately 1500. The Middle Ages are sometimes called the Medieval Age or Period. The Middle Ages are also divided into the Early, High... | 0.789356 | 0.994117 | 0.784712 |
Cliodynamics | Cliodynamics is a transdisciplinary area of research that integrates cultural evolution, economic history/cliometrics, macrosociology, the mathematical modeling of historical processes during the longue durée, and the construction and analysis of historical databases.
Cliodynamics treats history as science. Its practi... | 0.794528 | 0.987628 | 0.784698 |
Historical linguistics | Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ... | 0.789148 | 0.994232 | 0.784596 |
Renaissance humanism | Renaissance humanism is a worldview centered on the nature and importance of humanity that emerged from the study of Classical antiquity.
Renaissance humanists sought to create a citizenry able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity, and thus capable of engaging in the civic life of their communities and persu... | 0.78575 | 0.998308 | 0.78442 |
Historical materialism | Historical materialism is Karl Marx's theory of history. Marx located historical change in the rise of class societies and the way humans labor together to make their livelihoods.
Karl Marx stated that technological development can change the modes of production over time. This change in the mode of production inevita... | 0.78526 | 0.998705 | 0.784243 |
Dark Ages (historiography) | The Dark Ages is a term for the Early Middle Ages (–10th centuries), or occasionally the entire Middle Ages (–15th centuries), in Western Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, which characterises it as marked by economic, intellectual, and cultural decline.
The concept of a "Dark Age" as a historiographic... | 0.784468 | 0.999524 | 0.784095 |
History | History (derived ) is the systematic study and documentation of the human past. History is an academic discipline which uses a narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the s... | 0.78426 | 0.999765 | 0.784076 |
Afrocentrism | Afrocentrism is a worldview that is centered on the history of people of African descent or a view that favors it over non-African civilizations. It is in some respects a response to Eurocentric attitudes about African people and their historical contributions. It seeks to counter what it sees as mistakes and ideas per... | 0.787596 | 0.995318 | 0.783909 |
Feudalism | Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for servic... | 0.784185 | 0.999614 | 0.783882 |
Social cycle theory | Social cycle theories are among the earliest social theories in sociology. Unlike the theory of social evolutionism, which views the evolution of society and human history as progressing in some new, unique direction(s), sociological cycle theory argues that events and stages of society and history generally repeat the... | 0.788959 | 0.993365 | 0.783724 |
Historicism | Historicism is an approach to explaining the existence of phenomena, especially social and cultural practices (including ideas and beliefs), by studying the process or history by which they came about. The term is widely used in philosophy, anthropology, and sociology.
This historical approach to explanation differs f... | 0.787274 | 0.995443 | 0.783686 |
Historical institutionalism | Historical institutionalism (HI) is a new institutionalist social science approach that emphasizes how timing, sequences and path dependence affect institutions, and shape social, political, economic behavior and change. Unlike functionalist theories and some rational choice approaches, historical institutionalism tend... | 0.798437 | 0.981401 | 0.783587 |
Late antiquity | Late antiquity is sometimes defined as spanning from the end of classical antiquity to the local start of the Middle Ages, from around the late 3rd century up to the 7th or 8th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin depending on location. The popularisation of this periodization in Engli... | 0.78463 | 0.998442 | 0.783407 |
Culture | Culture is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, attitude, and habits of the individuals in these groups. Culture is often originated from or attributed to a specific region or location.
Hu... | 0.783614 | 0.99951 | 0.78323 |
Proto-Indo-European society | Proto-Indo-European society is the reconstructed culture of Proto-Indo-Europeans, the ancient speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language, ancestor of all modern Indo-European languages.
Scientific approaches
Many of the modern ideas in this field involve the unsettled Indo-European homeland debate about the precise ... | 0.792148 | 0.988508 | 0.783045 |
The Order of Things | The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (Les Mots et les Choses: Une archéologie des sciences humaines) is a book by French philosopher Michel Foucault. It proposes that every historical period has underlying epistemic assumptions, ways of thinking, which determine what is truth and what is acceptable... | 0.789211 | 0.992089 | 0.782967 |
History of human rights | While belief in the sanctity of human life has ancient precedents in many religions of the world, the foundations of modern human rights began during the era of renaissance humanism in the early modern period. The European wars of religion and the civil wars of seventeenth-century Kingdom of England gave rise to the ph... | 0.788517 | 0.992906 | 0.782923 |
Europe | Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with bot... | 0.782916 | 0.999971 | 0.782893 |
History of Western civilization | Western civilization traces its roots back to Europe and the Mediterranean. It is linked to ancient Greece, from which it was carried to Rome, and Medieval Western Christendom which emerged during the Middle Ages and experienced such transformative episodes as the development of Scholasticism, the Renaissance, the Refo... | 0.786851 | 0.994754 | 0.782723 |
Science in the Renaissance | During the Renaissance, great advances occurred in geography, astronomy, chemistry, physics, mathematics, manufacturing, anatomy and engineering. The collection of ancient scientific texts began in earnest at the start of the 15th century and continued up to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, and the invention of prin... | 0.791172 | 0.989306 | 0.78271 |
Chronology | Chronology (from Latin , from Ancient Greek , , ; and , -logia) is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time. Consider, for example, the use of a timeline or sequence of events. It is also "the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events".
Chronology is a part of periodizati... | 0.785562 | 0.996088 | 0.782489 |
Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind | Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (, Qitzur Toldot ha-Enoshut) is a book by Yuval Noah Harari, first published in Hebrew in Israel in 2011 based on a series of lectures Harari taught at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and in English in 2014. The book, focusing on Homo sapiens, surveys the history of humankind, ... | 0.782908 | 0.999302 | 0.782362 |
Paleolithic | The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, also called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology. It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools by hominins, 3.3 million... | 0.782631 | 0.999577 | 0.7823 |
Classical antiquity | Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, cen... | 0.782575 | 0.999529 | 0.782207 |
Exceptionalism | Exceptionalism is the perception or belief that a species, country, society, institution, movement, individual, or time period is "exceptional" (i.e., unusual or extraordinary). The term carries the implication, whether or not specified, that the referent is superior in some way.
Although the idea appears to have deve... | 0.791556 | 0.988053 | 0.782099 |
Colonialism | Colonialism is the exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group. Colonizers monopolize political power and hold conquered societies and their people to be inferior to their conquerors in legal, administrative, social, cultural, or biological terms. While frequently advanced as an imperialist regime, colon... | 0.782587 | 0.999224 | 0.781979 |
Evolutionary economics | Evolutionary economics is a school of economic thought that is inspired by evolutionary biology. Although not defined by a strict set of principles and uniting various approaches, it treats economic development as a process rather than an equilibrium and emphasizes change (qualitative, organisational, and structural), ... | 0.797862 | 0.979916 | 0.781837 |
Historical source | Historical sources is encompass "every kind of evidence that human beings have left of their past activities — the written word and spoken word, the shape of the landscape and the material artefact, the fine arts as well as photography and film."
While the range of potential historical sources has expanded to include ... | 0.785528 | 0.99495 | 0.78156 |
Colonization | Colonization (British English: colonisation) is a process of establishing occupation of or control over foreign territories or peoples for the purpose of cultivation, trade, exploitation or settlement, setting up coloniality and often colonies, such as for agriculture, commonly pursued and maintained by, but distinct f... | 0.782922 | 0.997979 | 0.781339 |
Relativism | Relativism is a family of philosophical views which deny claims to objectivity within a particular domain and assert that valuations in that domain are relative to the perspective of an observer or the context in which they are assessed. There are many different forms of relativism, with a great deal of variation in sc... | 0.784586 | 0.995858 | 0.781337 |
Uchronia | Uchronia is currently an English word-in-formation, a neologism, that is sometimes used in its original meaning as a straightforward synonym for alternate history, a genre of speculative fiction that reimagines historical events going in new, imaginary directions. However, it has also begun to refer to other related co... | 0.793989 | 0.983638 | 0.780998 |
Cultural history | Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of huma... | 0.78773 | 0.99141 | 0.780963 |
Late modern period | In many periodizations of human history, the late modern period followed the early modern period. It began around 1800 and, depending on the author, either ended with the beginning of contemporary history in 1945, or includes the contemporary history period to the present day.
Notable historical events in the late 18t... | 0.788421 | 0.99015 | 0.780655 |
Natural history | Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is called a naturalist or natural historian.
Natural history encompasses scientific... | 0.783513 | 0.996006 | 0.780383 |
World history (field) | World history or global history as a field of historical study examines history from a global perspective. It emerged centuries ago; leading practitioners have included Voltaire (1694–1778), Hegel (1770–1831), Karl Marx (1818–1883), Oswald Spengler (1880–1936), and Arnold J. Toynbee (1889–1975). The field became much m... | 0.786234 | 0.992513 | 0.780347 |
Iron Age Scandinavia | Iron Age Scandinavia (or Nordic Iron Age) was the Iron Age, as it unfolded in Scandinavia. It was preceded by the Nordic Bronze Age.
Beginnings
The 6th and 5th centuries BC were a tipping point for exports and imports on the European continent. The ever-increasing conflicts and wars between the central European Celtic... | 0.792341 | 0.984786 | 0.780286 |
Industrial Revolution | The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of the human economy towards more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain, the Ind... | 0.78028 | 0.999884 | 0.780189 |
Elitism | Elitism is the notion that individuals who form an elite — a select group with desirable qualities such as intellect, wealth, power, physical attractiveness, notability, special skills, experience, lineage — are more likely to be constructive to society and deserve greater influence or authority. The term elitism may b... | 0.78355 | 0.995493 | 0.780019 |
Culture of Europe | The culture of Europe is diverse, and rooted in its art, architecture, traditions, cuisines, music, folklore, embroidery, film, literature, economics, philosophy and religious customs.
Definition
Whilst there are a great number of perspectives that can be taken on the subject, it is impossible to form a single, all-... | 0.784898 | 0.99377 | 0.780009 |
Separatism | Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, regional, governmental, or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greater autonomy are usually not considered separatists. Some discourse s... | 0.782505 | 0.996614 | 0.779856 |
Mining and metallurgy in medieval Europe | During the Middle Ages, between the 5th and 16th century AD, Western Europe saw a period of growth in the mining industry. The first important mines were those at Goslar in the Harz mountains, taken into commission in the 10th century. Another notable mining town is Falun in Sweden where copper has been mined since at ... | 0.79068 | 0.986201 | 0.77977 |
Economic sector | One classical breakdown of economic activity distinguishes three sectors:
Primary: involves the retrieval and production of raw-material commodities, such as corn, coal, wood or iron. Miners, farmers and fishermen are all workers in the primary sector.
Secondary: involves the transformation of raw or intermediate ma... | 0.785308 | 0.992869 | 0.779708 |
Social history | Social history, often called "history from below", is a field of history that looks at the lived experience of the past. Historians who write social history are called social historians.
Social history came to prominence in the 1960s, spreading from schools of thought in the United Kingdom and France which posited th... | 0.784614 | 0.993583 | 0.779579 |
Periodizations of capitalism | A periodization of capitalism seeks to distinguish stages of development that help understanding of features of capitalism through time. The best-known periodizations that have been proposed distinguish these stages as:
Early / monopoly / state monopoly capitalism (Sweezy)
Free trade / monopoly / finance capitalism (H... | 0.800831 | 0.973361 | 0.779498 |
Women in STEM fields | Many scholars and policymakers have noted that the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) have remained predominantly male with historically low participation among women since the origins of these fields in the 18th century during the Age of Enlightenment.
Scholars are exploring the variou... | 0.789187 | 0.987566 | 0.779375 |
Industrial Age | The Industrial Age is a period of history that encompasses the changes in economic and social organization that began around 1760 in Great Britain and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines such as the power loom and the steam engine, and by the conce... | 0.785126 | 0.992628 | 0.779339 |
Shared Socioeconomic Pathways | Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) are climate change scenarios of projected socioeconomic global changes up to 2100 as defined in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report on climate change in 2021. They are used to derive greenhouse gas emissions scenarios with different climate policies. The SSPs provide narratives descri... | 0.783561 | 0.994415 | 0.779184 |
English medieval clothing | The Medieval period in England is usually classified as the time between the fall of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the Renaissance, roughly the years AD 410–1485. For various peoples living in England, the Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Danes, Normans and Britons, clothing in the medieval era differed widely for men and wo... | 0.783503 | 0.994382 | 0.779101 |
Scholarly method | The scholarly method or scholarship is the body of principles and practices used by scholars and academics to make their claims about their subjects of expertise as valid and trustworthy as possible, and to make them known to the scholarly public. It comprises the methods that systemically advance the teaching, researc... | 0.786525 | 0.99055 | 0.779092 |
Cultural globalization | Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations. This process is marked by the common consumption of cultures that have been diffused by the Internet, popular culture media, and international travel. This has adde... | 0.782853 | 0.995112 | 0.779027 |
Humanism | Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.
The meaning of the term "humanism" has changed according to successive intellectual movements that have identified with i... | 0.779395 | 0.999418 | 0.778941 |
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