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Unreported employment | Unreported employment, also known as money under the table, working under the table, off the books, cash-in-the-claw, money-in-the-paw, or illicit work is illegal employment that is not reported to the government. The employer or the employee often does so for tax evasion or avoiding and violating other laws such as ob... | 0.763541 | 0.98833 | 0.754631 |
Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 | The Democracy in Europe Movement 2025, or DiEM25, is a pan-European political movement and political party founded in 2016 by a group of Europeans, including Yanis Varoufakis and Srećko Horvat. The movement was officially launched at ceremonial events on 9 February 2016 in the Volksbühne theatre in Berlin and on 23 Mar... | 0.760788 | 0.991901 | 0.754626 |
Regulation (European Union) | A regulation is a legal act of the European Union which becomes immediately enforceable as law in all member states simultaneously. Regulations can be distinguished from directives which, at least in principle, need to be transposed into national law. Regulations can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative proc... | 0.765565 | 0.985694 | 0.754613 |
Hard power | In politics, hard power is the use of military and economic means to influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies. This form of political power is often aggressive (coercion), and is most immediately effective when imposed by one political body upon another of less military and/or economic power. Hard... | 0.760872 | 0.991754 | 0.754598 |
The Crisis of Democracy | The Crisis of Democracy: On the Governability of Democracies is a key report written in 1975 by Michel Crozier, Samuel P. Huntington, and Joji Watanuki for the Trilateral Commission. In the same year, it was republished as a book by the New York University Press.
The report observed the political state of the United S... | 0.773595 | 0.975441 | 0.754596 |
Algospeak | Algospeak is the use of coded expressions to evade automated moderation algorithms on social media platforms such as TikTok and YouTube. It is used to discuss topics deemed sensitive to moderation algorithms while avoiding penalties such as shadow banning. A type of internet slang, Calhoun and Fawcett described it as a... | 0.76259 | 0.989498 | 0.754581 |
Particracy | Particracy, also known as partitocracy, partitocrazia or partocracy, is a form of government in which the political parties are the primary basis of rule rather than citizens or individual politicians.
As argued by Italian political scientist Mauro Calise in 1994, the term is often derogatory, implying that parties ha... | 0.771619 | 0.977867 | 0.754541 |
Regional integration | Regional Integration is a process in which neighboring countries enter into an agreement in order to upgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules. The objectives of the agreement could range from economic to political to environmental, although it has typically taken the form of a political economy initiat... | 0.76637 | 0.984548 | 0.754529 |
Single market | A single market, sometimes called common market or internal market, is a type of trade bloc in which most trade barriers have been removed (for goods) with some common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of the factors of production (capital and labour) and of enterprise and services. The goal is th... | 0.765302 | 0.985913 | 0.754521 |
Sociocracy | Sociocracy is a theory of governance that seeks to create psychologically safe environments and productive organizations. It draws on the use of consent, rather than majority voting, in discussion and decision-making by people who have a shared goal or work process.
The Sociocratic Circle-Organization Method was devel... | 0.764051 | 0.987518 | 0.754514 |
Knowledge society | A knowledge society generates, shares, and makes available to all members of the society knowledge that may be used to improve the human condition. A knowledge society differs from an information society in that the former serves to transform information into resources that allow society to take effective action, while... | 0.76952 | 0.980485 | 0.754503 |
Political demonstration | A political demonstration is an action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause or people partaking in a protest against a cause of concern; it often consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, in ... | 0.762539 | 0.989442 | 0.754488 |
Nouvelle Droite | The Nouvelle Droite (; ), sometimes shortened to the initialism ND, is a far-right political movement which emerged in France during the late 1960s. The Nouvelle Droite is the origin of the wider European New Right (ENR). Various scholars of political science have argued that it is a form of fascism or neo-fascism, alt... | 0.761699 | 0.990522 | 0.754479 |
Open system (systems theory) | An open system is a system that has external interactions. Such interactions can take the form of information, energy, or material transfers into or out of the system boundary, depending on the discipline which defines the concept. An open system is contrasted with the concept of an isolated system which exchanges neit... | 0.761994 | 0.989914 | 0.754309 |
Body politic | The body politic is a polity—such as a city, realm, or state—considered metaphorically as a physical body. Historically, the sovereign is typically portrayed as the body's head, and the analogy may also be extended to other anatomical parts, as in political readings of Aesop's fable of "The Belly and the Members". The ... | 0.760862 | 0.991367 | 0.754294 |
Technocapitalism | Technocapitalism or tech-capitalism refers to changes in capitalism associated with the emergence of new technology sectors, the power of corporations, and new forms of organization. Technocapitalism is characterised by constant technological innovation, global competition, the digitisation of information and communica... | 0.779027 | 0.968204 | 0.754257 |
Evidence-based policy | Evidence-based policy (also known as evidence-based governance) is a concept in public policy that advocates for policy decisions to be grounded on, or influenced by, rigorously established objective evidence. This concept presents a stark contrast to policymaking predicated on ideology, 'common sense', anecdotes, or p... | 0.76625 | 0.984279 | 0.754204 |
Social economy | The social economy is formed by a rich diversity of enterprises and organisations, such as cooperatives, mutuals, associations, foundations, social enterprises and paritarian institutions, sharing common values and features:
Primacy of the individual and the social objective over capital
Voluntary and open membersh... | 0.77058 | 0.978694 | 0.754162 |
Metapolitics | Metapolitics (sometimes written meta-politics) describes political attempts to speak in a metalinguistic sense about politics; that is, to have a political dialogue about politics itself. Activists who use the phrase often view metapolitics as a form of "inquiry" in which the discourse of politics, and the political it... | 0.770308 | 0.979013 | 0.754141 |
Aggregate data | Aggregate data is high-level data which is acquired by combining individual-level data. For instance, the output of an industry is an aggregate of the firms’ individual outputs within that industry. Aggregate data are applied in statistics, data warehouses, and in economics.
There is a distinction between aggregate da... | 0.765762 | 0.984792 | 0.754116 |
Iron cage | In sociology, the iron cage is a concept introduced by Max Weber to describe the increased rationalization inherent in social life, particularly in Western capitalist societies. The "iron cage" thus traps individuals in systems based purely on teleological efficiency, rational calculation and control. Weber also descri... | 0.761907 | 0.989772 | 0.754114 |
Media policy | Media policy or media politics refers to decisions regarding legislation and political actions that organize, support, or regulate the media, particularly mass media and the media industry. These actions are typically driven by pressures from public opinion, non-governmental organizations, or industry interest groups. ... | 0.791773 | 0.952424 | 0.754104 |
Embedded democracy | Embedded democracy is a form of government in which democratic governance is secured by democratic partial regimes. The term "embedded democracy" was coined by political scientists Wolfgang Merkel, Hans-Jürgen Puhle, and Aurel Croissant, who identified "five interdependent partial regimes" necessary for an embedded de... | 0.78991 | 0.954648 | 0.754086 |
Integral humanism (India) | Integral humanism was a set of concepts drafted by Deendayal Upadhyaya as a political program and adopted in 1965 as the official doctrine of the Jan Sangh and later BJP. The doctrine is also interpreted as 'Universal Brotherhood', an earlier theosophist and inturn Freemason inspired phenomenon. Upadhyaya borrowed the ... | 0.760401 | 0.991645 | 0.754048 |
Complex adaptive system | A complex adaptive system is a system that is complex in that it is a dynamic network of interactions, but the behavior of the ensemble may not be predictable according to the behavior of the components. It is adaptive in that the individual and collective behavior mutate and self-organize corresponding to the change-i... | 0.760277 | 0.991751 | 0.754005 |
Petrostate | A petrostate, oil state, or petrocracy is a country whose economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and export of oil or natural gas. The presence alone of large oil and gas industries does not define a petrostate: major oil producers that also have diversified economies are not classified as petrostates due to th... | 0.763623 | 0.987363 | 0.753973 |
Wikinomics | Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything is a book by Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams, first published in December 2006. It explores how some companies in the early 21st century have used mass collaboration and open-source technology, such as wikis, to be successful.
The term 'Wikinomics' describes t... | 0.762083 | 0.98935 | 0.753967 |
Critical social work | Critical social work is the application to social work of a critical theory perspective. Critical social work seeks to address social injustices, as opposed to focusing on individualized issues. Critical theories explain social problems as arising from various forms of oppression and injustice in globalized capitalist ... | 0.779068 | 0.967759 | 0.75395 |
Foreign internal defense | Foreign internal defense (FID) is a term used by the military in several countries, including the United States, France and the United Kingdom, to describe an integrated or multi-country approach to combating actual or threatened insurgency in a foreign state. This foreign state is known as the Host Nation (HN) under ... | 0.762954 | 0.988134 | 0.753901 |
Letter to the editor | A letter to the editor (LTE) is a letter sent to a publication about an issue of concern to the reader. Usually, such letters are intended for publication. In many publications, letters to the editor may be sent either through conventional mail or electronic mail.
Letters to the editor are most frequently associated w... | 0.764396 | 0.986266 | 0.753898 |
French and Raven's bases of power | In a notable study of power conducted by social psychologists John R. P. French and Bertram Raven in 1959, power is divided into five separate and distinct forms. They identified those five bases of power as coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert. This was followed by Raven's subsequent addition in 1965 of ... | 0.762503 | 0.988674 | 0.753867 |
Digital dystopia | Digital dystopia, cyber dystopia or algorithmic dystopia refers to an alternate future or present in which digitized technologies or algorithms have caused major societal disruption. It refers to dystopian narratives of technologies influencing social, economic, and political structures, and its diverse set of componen... | 0.774676 | 0.973126 | 0.753858 |
Isonomia | Isonomia (ἰσονομία "equality of political rights," from the Greek ἴσος isos, "equal," and νόμος nomos, "usage, custom, law,") was a word used by ancient Greek writers such as Herodotus and Thucydides to refer to some kind of popular government. It was subsequently eclipsed until brought back into English as isonomy ("e... | 0.775375 | 0.972192 | 0.753813 |
Open list | Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected. This is as opposed to closed list, in which party lists are in a predetermined, fixed order by the time of the election and gives the general voter ... | 0.762399 | 0.988677 | 0.753767 |
Violent non-state actor | In international relations, violent non-state actors (VNSAs), also known as non-state armed actors or non-state armed groups (NSAGs), are individuals or groups that are wholly or partly independent of governments and which threaten or use violence to achieve their goals.
VNSAs vary widely in their goals, size, and met... | 0.760747 | 0.990801 | 0.753749 |
Ontology components | Contemporary ontologies share many structural similarities, regardless of the ontology language in which they are expressed. Most ontologies describe individuals (instances), classes (concepts), attributes, and relations.
List
Common components of ontologies include:
Individuals instances or objects (the basic or "gr... | 0.778703 | 0.967953 | 0.753747 |
Parallelism (grammar) | In grammar, parallelism, also known as parallel structure or parallel construction, is a balance within one or more sentences of similar phrases or clauses that have the same grammatical structure. The application of parallelism affects readability and may make texts easier to process.
Parallelism may be accompanied b... | 0.762685 | 0.988257 | 0.753728 |
Digital Operational Resilience Act | The Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA), officially Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 is a European Union regulation. It requires financial entities to improve their digital operational resilience.
Aim
DORA aims to improve the digital operational resilience of financial entities in the EU and their ICT suppliers and cr... | 0.765122 | 0.985061 | 0.753691 |
Income distribution | In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes economic inequality which is a concern in almost all countries around the w... | 0.760172 | 0.991417 | 0.753647 |
Municipal law | Municipal law is the national, domestic, or internal law of a sovereign state and is defined in opposition to international law. It encompasses the laws enacted by national, state, or local governments and is concerned with regulating the behavior of individuals, corporations, and entities within the country. Municipal... | 0.768631 | 0.980454 | 0.753607 |
Feudalism in England | Feudalism as practiced in the Kingdoms of England during the medieval period was a state of human society that organized political and military leadership and force around a stratified formal structure based on land tenure. As a military defence and socio-economic paradigm designed to direct the wealth of the land to t... | 0.760222 | 0.99129 | 0.753601 |
Freedom of information laws by country | Freedom of information laws allow access by the general public to data held by national governments and, where applicable, by state and local governments. The emergence of freedom of information legislation was a response to increasing dissatisfaction with the secrecy surrounding government policy development and decis... | 0.765419 | 0.984502 | 0.753556 |
Banal nationalism | Banal nationalism refers to everyday representations of a nation, which build a sense of shared national identity.
The term is derived from English academic, Michael Billig's 1995 book of the same name and is intended to be understood critically. Billig's book has been described as 'the fourth most cited work on natio... | 0.772726 | 0.975119 | 0.7535 |
Collective | A collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest or work together to achieve a common objective. Collectives can differ from cooperatives in that they are not necessarily focused upon an economic benefit or saving, though they can be.
The term "collective" is som... | 0.762708 | 0.987891 | 0.753473 |
Plural society | A plural society is defined by Fredrik Barth as a society combining ethnic contrasts: the economic interdependence of those groups, and their ecological specialization (i.e., use of different environmental resources by each ethnic group). The ecological interdependence, or the lack of competition, between ethnic groups... | 0.78561 | 0.959059 | 0.753446 |
Sloyd | Sloyd (Swedish ), also known as educational sloyd, is a system of handicraft-based education started by Uno Cygnaeus in Finland in 1865. The system was further refined and promoted worldwide, and was taught in the United States until the early 20th century. It is still taught as a compulsory subject in Finnish, Danish,... | 0.770161 | 0.978265 | 0.753421 |
Social news website | A social news website is a website that features user-posted stories. Such stories are ranked based on popularity, as voted on by other users of the site or by website administrators. Users typically comment online on the news posts and these comments may also be ranked in popularity. Since their emergence with the bir... | 0.769829 | 0.978655 | 0.753397 |
Ekistics | Ekistics is the science of human settlements including regional, city, community planning and dwelling design. Its major incentive was the emergence of increasingly large and complex conurbations, tending even to a worldwide city. The study involves every kind of human settlement, with particular attention to geograph... | 0.763808 | 0.986321 | 0.75336 |
Sociology of law | The sociology of law, legal sociology, or law and society is often described as a sub-discipline of sociology or an interdisciplinary approach within legal studies. Some see sociology of law as belonging "necessarily" to the field of sociology, but others tend to consider it a field of research caught up between the di... | 0.762275 | 0.988297 | 0.753355 |
European values | European values are the norms and values that Europeans are said to have in common, and which transcend national or state identities. In addition to helping promote European integration, this doctrine also provides the basis for analyses that characterise European politics, economics, and society as reflecting a share... | 0.768098 | 0.980804 | 0.753353 |
Get out the vote | "Get out the vote" or "getting out the vote" (GOTV) describes efforts aimed at increasing the voter turnout in elections. In countries that do not have or enforce compulsory voting, voter turnout can be low, sometimes even below a third of the eligible voter pool. GOTV efforts typically attempt to register voters, then... | 0.760736 | 0.990242 | 0.753312 |
Destabilisation | The word destabilisation (alternatively, destabilization) can be applied to a wide variety of contexts such as attempts to undermine political, military or economic power.
Psychology
In a psychological context, it is used as a technique in brainwashing and abuse to disorient and disarm the victim.
In the context of... | 0.770283 | 0.977922 | 0.753276 |
Financialization | Financialization (or financialisation in British English) is a term sometimes used to describe the development of financial capitalism during the period from 1980 to present, in which debt-to-equity ratios increased and financial services accounted for an increasing share of national income relative to other sectors.
... | 0.762123 | 0.988378 | 0.753265 |
D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation | The D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation, also known as Developing-8, is an organisation for development co-operation among Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey.
The combined population of the eight countries is about 1.2 billion or 60% of all Muslims, or close to 13% of the... | 0.764099 | 0.985805 | 0.753252 |
Political drama | A political drama can describe a play, film or TV program that has a political component, whether reflecting the author's political opinion, or describing a politician or series of political events.
Dramatists who have written political dramas include Aaron Sorkin, Robert Penn Warren, Sergei Eisenstein, Bertolt Brecht... | 0.762575 | 0.987703 | 0.753197 |
Pluralist democracy | In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970–1979), a pluralist democracy is described as a political system where there is more than one center of power.
Modern democracies are by definition pluralist as they allow freedom of association; however, pluralism may exist without democracy.
In a pluralist democra... | 0.760473 | 0.990425 | 0.753192 |
Bertelsmann Transformation Index | The Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI) is a measure of the development status and governance of political and economic transformation processes in developing and transition countries around the world. The BTI has been published biennially by the Bertelsmann Stiftung since 2005, most recently in 2022 on 137 countrie... | 0.766034 | 0.983163 | 0.753136 |
Leveling seat | Leveling seats (, , , , ), commonly known also as adjustment seats, are an election mechanism employed for many years by all Nordic countries (except Finland) in elections for their national legislatures. Germany also used national leveling seats for their parliament, the Bundestag, from 2013 through 2023. Leveling sea... | 0.776928 | 0.969375 | 0.753135 |
Market system | A market system (or market ecosystem) is any systematic process enabling many market players to offer and demand: helping buyers and sellers interact and make deals. It is not just the price mechanism but the entire system of regulation, qualification, credentials, reputations and clearing that surrounds that mechani... | 0.781449 | 0.963764 | 0.753133 |
United States military aid | The United States government first recognized the usefulness of foreign aid as a tool of diplomacy in World War II. It was believed that it would promote liberal capitalist models of development in other countries and that it would enhance national security.
The United States is the largest contributor of military aid... | 0.765068 | 0.984346 | 0.753091 |
Interactionism | In micro-sociology, interactionism is a theoretical perspective that sees social behavior as an interactive product of the individual and the situation. In other words, it derives social processes (such as conflict, cooperation, identity formation) from social interaction, whereby subjectively held meanings are integra... | 0.765636 | 0.98361 | 0.753088 |
Jane Chapman | Jane Chapman is a British academic, professor of communications at the University of Lincoln, a research associate and a former fellow at Wolfson College, Cambridge and the Centre of South Asian Studies, Cambridge. She is the author of twelve books and over 35 academic articles and book chapters.
Early life
Chapman ha... | 0.760659 | 0.990035 | 0.753079 |
Federacy | A federacy is a form of government where one or several substate units enjoy considerably more independence than the majority of the substate units. To some extent, such an arrangement can be considered to be similar to asymmetric federalism.
Description
A federacy is a form of government with features of both a feder... | 0.768535 | 0.979778 | 0.752994 |
Democratic globalization | Democratic globalization is a social movement towards an institutional system of global democracy. One of its proponents is the British political thinker David Held. In the last decade, Held published a dozen books regarding the spread of democracy from territorially defined nation states to a system of global governan... | 0.784948 | 0.959228 | 0.752944 |
Political Order and Political Decay | Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalisation of Democracy is a 2014 book by American political scientist Francis Fukuyama. The book follows Fukuyama's 2011 book, The Origins of Political Order, written to shed light on political institutions and their development in differen... | 0.784624 | 0.959616 | 0.752938 |
Spoon class theory | The spoon class theory refers to the idea that individuals in a country can be classified into different socioeconomic classes based on the assets and income level of their parents, and as a consequence, one's success in life depends entirely on being born into a wealthy family. The term appeared in 2015 and was first ... | 0.763659 | 0.985938 | 0.75292 |
Social media analytics | Social media analytics or social media monitoring is the process of gathering and analyzing data from social networks such as Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, or Twitter. A part of social media analytics is called social media monitoring or social listening. It is commonly used by marketers to track online conversations ... | 0.767869 | 0.980528 | 0.752917 |
Steadfast Defender 2024 | Steadfast Defender 2024 or Steadfast Defender 24 (abbreviated as STDE24 or SD24) was a 2024 NATO Steadfast Defender exercise that took place from 22 January to 31 May 2024 throughout the Trans-Atlantic region. It practiced elements of the multilateral military response specified by Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treat... | 0.762067 | 0.987903 | 0.752848 |
Mass society | Mass society is a concept that describes modern society as a monolithic force and yet a disaggregate collection of individuals. The term is often used pejoratively to refer to a society in which bureaucracy and impersonal institutions have replaced some notion of traditional society, leading to social alienation. The t... | 0.769498 | 0.978316 | 0.752812 |
Stock issues | In the formal speech competition genre known as policy debate, a widely accepted doctrine or "debate theory" divides the argument elements of supporting the resolution affirmative into five subtopical issues, called the stock issues. Stock issues are sometime referred to as on-case arguments or simply on-case or case a... | 0.784852 | 0.959114 | 0.752763 |
Ylva Johansson | Ylva Julia Margareta Johansson (born 13 February 1964) is a Swedish politician who has been serving as European Commissioner for Home Affairs and Sweden's European Commissioner in the von der Leyen Commission since 1 December 2019.
Johansson was previously Minister for Schools from 1994 to 1998, Minister for Welfare ... | 0.762654 | 0.987007 | 0.752745 |
Technoliberalism | Technoliberalism is a political philosophy founded on ideas of liberty, individuality, responsibility, decentralization, and self-awareness. It also highlights an idea that technology should be available to everyone with minimal controls. Its core beliefs fit under five main interests that include Construction of the G... | 0.781254 | 0.963507 | 0.752744 |
Propaganda through media | Propaganda is a form of persuasion that is often used in media to further some sort of agenda, such as a personal, political, or business agenda, by evoking an emotional or obligable response from the audience. It includes the deliberate sharing of realities, views, and philosophies intended to alter behavior and stimu... | 0.765124 | 0.983748 | 0.75269 |
Economic mobility | Economic mobility is the ability of an individual, family or some other group to improve (or lower) their economic status—usually measured in income. Economic mobility is often measured by movement between income quintiles. Economic mobility may be considered a type of social mobility, which is often measured in chang... | 0.76879 | 0.978937 | 0.752597 |
Sphere sovereignty | In neo-Calvinism, sphere sovereignty, also known as differentiated responsibility, is the concept that each sphere (or sector) of life has its own distinct responsibilities and authority or competence, and stands equal to other spheres of life. Sphere sovereignty involves the idea of an all encompassing created order, ... | 0.772569 | 0.974122 | 0.752576 |
Social determinism | Social determinism is the theory that social interactions alone determine individual behavior (as opposed to biological or objective factors).
A social determinist would only consider social dynamics like customs, cultural expectations, education, and interpersonal interactions as the contributing factors to shape hum... | 0.769911 | 0.977243 | 0.75239 |
Political symbolism | Political symbolism is symbolism that is used to represent a political standpoint or party.
Political symbols simplify and “summarize” the political structures and practices for which they stand; can connect institutions and beliefs with emotions; can help make a polity or political movement more cohesive. People fit ... | 0.761717 | 0.987744 | 0.752381 |
Data fusion | Data fusion is the process of integrating multiple data sources to produce more consistent, accurate, and useful information than that provided by any individual data source.
Data fusion processes are often categorized as low, intermediate, or high, depending on the processing stage at which fusion takes place. Low-le... | 0.764108 | 0.984502 | 0.752266 |
Demoicracy | Demoicracy (also demoi-cracy; ) is a polity of multiple distinct people (demoi), polity of polities. The term is derived from demoi (δῆμοι in original Ancient Greek, plural form of δῆμος or demos), meaning "peoples" and kratos (κράτος) meaning "power" (to govern oneself). It is apparently meant to become an alternativ... | 0.777071 | 0.968079 | 0.752266 |
Digital collaboration | Digital collaboration is using digital technologies for collaboration. Dramatically different from traditional collaboration, it connects a broader network of participants who can accomplish much more than they would on their own. Digital Collaboration is used in many fields, for example digital collaboration in classr... | 0.771154 | 0.975458 | 0.752229 |
Equifinality | Equifinality is the principle that in open systems a given end state can be reached by many potential means. The term and concept is due to the German Hans Driesch, the developmental biologist, later applied by the Austrian Ludwig von Bertalanffy, the founder of general systems theory, and by William T. Powers, the fou... | 0.771402 | 0.975139 | 0.752223 |
Political Parties | Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy is a book by the German-born Italian sociologist Robert Michels, published in 1911 and first introducing the concept of iron law of oligarchy. It is considered one of the classics of social sciences, in particular sociology and p... | 0.76224 | 0.986807 | 0.752183 |
Score voting | Score voting, sometimes called range voting, is an electoral system for single-seat elections. Voters give each candidate a numerical score, and the candidate with the highest average score is elected. Score voting includes the well-known approval voting (used to calculate approval ratings), but also lets voters give p... | 0.763198 | 0.985386 | 0.752045 |
Civil–military relations | Civil–military relations (Civ-Mil or CMR) describes the relationship between military organizations and civil society, military organizations and other government bureaucracies, and leaders and the military. CMR incorporates a diverse, often normative field, which moves within and across management, social science and ... | 0.764974 | 0.983078 | 0.752029 |
Matrix of domination | The matrix of domination or matrix of oppression is a sociological paradigm that explains issues of oppression that deal with race, class, and gender, which, though recognized as different social classifications, are all interconnected. Other forms of classification, such as sexual orientation, religion, or age, apply ... | 0.768541 | 0.9785 | 0.752018 |
Transdisciplinarity | Transdisciplinarity connotes a research strategy that crosses disciplinary boundaries to create a holistic approach. It applies to research efforts focused on problems that cross the boundaries of two or more disciplines, such as research on effective information systems for biomedical research (see bioinformatics), an... | 0.762696 | 0.985995 | 0.752015 |
Personalismo | Personalismo is a cult of personality built around Latin American and African political leaders. It often involves subjugating the interests of political parties, ideologies and constitutional government to loyalty to one leader. In personalismo, it is customary for the dictator's personal charisma to be considered as ... | 0.768954 | 0.97795 | 0.751999 |
Wardley map | A Wardley map is a map for business strategy. Components are positioned within a value chain and anchored by the user need, with movement described by an evolution axis. Wardley maps are named after Simon Wardley who created the technique at Fotango in 2005 having created the evolutionary framing the previous year. Th... | 0.761089 | 0.987972 | 0.751934 |
Data literacy | Data literacy is the ability to read, understand, create, and communicate data as information. Much like literacy as a general concept, data literacy focuses on the competencies involved in working with data. It is, however, not similar to the ability to read text since it requires certain skills involving reading and ... | 0.769236 | 0.977464 | 0.751901 |
Capitalist state | The capitalist state is the state, its functions and the form of organization it takes within capitalist socioeconomic systems. This concept is often used interchangeably with the concept of the modern state. Despite their common functions, there are many recognized differences in sociological characteristics among ca... | 0.769003 | 0.977683 | 0.751842 |
International community | The international community is a term used in geopolitics and international relations to refer to a broad group of people and governments of the world.
Usage
Aside from its use as a general descriptor, the term is typically used to imply the existence of a common point of view towards such matters as specific issues ... | 0.76031 | 0.988849 | 0.751832 |
Scholasticide | Scholasticide, often used interchangeably with the terms educide and epistemicide, refers to the intended mass destruction of education in a specific place.
Educide has been used to describe the mass destruction in the Iraq War (2003–2011) and the Israeli invasion of Gaza (2023 – present).
Terminology
The terms are ... | 0.766576 | 0.980734 | 0.751808 |
Reactionary modernism | Reactionary modernism is a term first coined by Jeffrey Herf in the 1980s to describe the mixture of "great enthusiasm for modern technology with a rejection of the Enlightenment and the values and institutions of liberal democracy" that was characteristic of the German Conservative Revolutionary movement and Nazism. I... | 0.762374 | 0.986048 | 0.751737 |
Demonstration effect | Demonstration effects are effects on the behavior of individuals caused by observation of the actions of others and their consequences. The term is particularly used in political science and sociology to describe the fact that developments in one place will often act as a catalyst in another place.
Examples
Parents m... | 0.763669 | 0.984352 | 0.75172 |
Homophily | Homophily is a concept in sociology describing the tendency of individuals to associate and bond with similar others, as in the proverb "". The presence of homophily has been discovered in a vast array of network studies: over have observed homophily in some form or another, and they establish that similarity is assoc... | 0.760715 | 0.988145 | 0.751697 |
System of systems | System of systems is a collection of task-oriented or dedicated systems that pool their resources and capabilities together to create a new, more complex system which offers more functionality and performance than simply the sum of the constituent systems. Currently, systems of systems is a critical research discipline... | 0.76133 | 0.987272 | 0.75164 |
Granularity | Granularity (also called graininess) is the degree to which a material or system is composed of distinguishable pieces, "granules" or "grains" (metaphorically).
It can either refer to the extent to which a larger entity is subdivided, or the extent to which groups of smaller indistinguishable entities have joined toget... | 0.762963 | 0.98512 | 0.75161 |
Politics Among Nations | Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace is a political science book by Hans Morgenthau published in 1948. It is considered among the most influential works in international relations on classical realism.
Trained as an international lawyer, the publication of the book culminates a transformation in Mo... | 0.765535 | 0.981792 | 0.751596 |
International human rights instruments | International human rights instruments are the treaties and other international texts that serve as legal sources for international human rights law and the protection of human rights in general. There are many varying types, but most can be classified into two broad categories: declarations, adopted by bodies such as ... | 0.766995 | 0.979916 | 0.75159 |
Civil discourse | Civil discourse is the practice of deliberating about matters of public concern in a way that seeks to expand knowledge and promote understanding. The word "civil" relates directly to civic in the sense of being oriented toward public life, and less directly to civility, in the sense of mere politeness. Discourse is de... | 0.761139 | 0.987442 | 0.75158 |
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