doc_id stringlengths 1 5 | doc_title stringlengths 2 371 | doc_lang stringclasses 15 values | doc_type stringclasses 19 values | doc_desc_list listlengths 1 4 | ddc stringclasses 71 values | doc_subject_list listlengths 0 52 | bll_match_id listlengths 0 57 | bll_match_literals listlengths 0 57 | bll_superclasses listlengths 0 52 | bll_superclass_literals listlengths 0 52 | bll_top_node listlengths 0 57 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2522 | Segmentation in super-chunks with a finite-state approach | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Since Harris’ parser in the late 50s, multiword units have been progressively integrated in parsers. Nevertheless, in the most part, they are still restricted to compound words, that are more stable and less numerous. Actually, language is full of semi-fixed expressions that also form basic semantic units: semi-fixed adverbial expressions (e.g. time), collocations. Like compounds, the identification of these structures limits the combinatorial complexity induced by lexical ambiguity. In this paper, we detail an experiment that largely integrates these notions in a finite-state procedure of segmentation into super-chunks, preliminary to a parser.We show that the chunker, developped for French, reaches 92.9% precision and 98.7% recall. Moreover, multiword units realize 36.6% of the attachments within nominal and prepositional phrases."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:Complexity",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133070557",
"bllo:Ambiguity",
"bllo:Segmentation",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:Compound",
"bllo:bll-133110907"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Complexity",
"Komplexität"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Ambiguity",
"Ambiguität"
],
[
"Segmentation",
"Segmentierung"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Compound",
"Kompositum"
],
[
"Collocations",
"Kollokationswörterbuch"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073378",
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"DictionaryTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
2523 | Intersection optimization is NP-complete | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Finite state methods for natural language processing often require the construction and the intersection of several automata. In this paper, we investigate the question of determining the best order in which these intersections should be performed. We take as an example lexical disambiguation in polarity grammars. We show that there is no efficient way to minimize the state complexity of these intersections."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:Complexity",
"bllo:bll-133084698"
] | [
[
"Complexity",
"Komplexität"
],
[
"State",
"Zustandsbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
2524 | Developing a finite-state morphological analyzer for Urdu and Hindi | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"We introduce and discuss a number of issues that arise in the process of building a finite-state morphological analyzer for Urdu, in particular issues with potential ambiguity and non-concatenative morphology. Our approach allows for an underlyingly similar treatment of both Urdu and Hindi via a cascade of finite-state transducers that transliterates the very different scripts into a common ASCII transcription system. As this transliteration system is based on the XFST tools that the Urdu/Hindi common morphological analyzer is also implemented in, no compatibility problems arise."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098915",
"bllo:bll-133073297",
"bllo:Ambiguity",
"bllo:bll-133126269",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-133126897",
"bllo:bll-133106225"
] | [
[
"Tools",
"Werkzeuge"
],
[
"Transcription",
"Transkription"
],
[
"Ambiguity",
"Ambiguität"
],
[
"Transliteration",
"Transliteration"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Urdu",
"Urdu"
],
[
"Hindi",
"Hindi"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WritingSystem",
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"WritingSystem",
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133099350",
"Indo-AryanCentralZone",
"bll-133095444",
"Indo-Iranian",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133099350",
"Indo-AryanCentralZone",
"bll-133095444",
"Indo-Iranian",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Writing system",
"Schrift"
],
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Writing system",
"Schrift"
],
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Hindustānī",
"Hindustānī"
],
[
"Indo-Aryan Central Zone",
"Zentralindisch"
],
[
"Indo-Arian languages",
"Indoarische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-Iranian languages",
"Indoiranische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Hindustānī",
"Hindustānī"
],
[
"Indo-Aryan Central Zone",
"Zentralindisch"
],
[
"Indo-Arian languages",
"Indoarische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-Iranian languages",
"Indoiranische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
2525 | Perfect hashing tree automata | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"We present an algorithm that computes a function that assigns consecutive integers to trees recognized by a deterministic, acyclic, finite-state, bottom-up tree automaton. Such function is called minimal perfect hashing. It can be used to identify trees recognized by the automaton. Its value may be seen as an index in some other data structures. We also present an algorithm for inverted hashing."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
2526 | SynCoP : combining syntactic tagging with chunking using weighted finite state transducers | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"This paper describes the key aspects of the system SynCoP (Syntactic Constraint Parser) developed at the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. The parser allows to combine syntactic tagging and chunking by means of constraint grammar using weighted finite state transducers (WFST). Chunks are interpreted as local dependency structures within syntactic tagging. The linguistic theories are formulated by criteria which are formalized by a semiring; these criteria allow structural preferences and gradual grammaticality. The parser is essentially a cascade of WFSTs. To find the most likely syntactic readings a best-path search is used."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133125092",
"bllo:Constraint",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133084698"
] | [
[
"Syntactic constraint",
"Syntactic constraint"
],
[
"Constraint",
"Constraint"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"State",
"Zustandsbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"Constraint",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Constraint",
"Constraint"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
2527 | Syntactic error detection and correction in date expressions using finite-state transducers | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"This paper presents a system for the detection and correction of syntactic errors. It combines a robust morphosyntactic analyser and two groups of finite-state transducers specified using the Xerox Finite State Tool (xfst). One of the groups is used for the description of syntactic error patterns while the second one is used for the correction of the detected errors. The system has been tested on a corpus of real texts, containing both correct and incorrect sentences, with good results."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:bll-340657677",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:bll-133084698"
] | [
[
"Error",
"Irrtum"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"State",
"Zustandsbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
2528 | Temporal propositions as regular languages | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Temporal propositions are mapped to sets of strings that witness (in a precise sense) the propositions over discrete linear Kripke frames. The strings are collected into regular languages to ensure the decidability of entailments given by inclusions between languages. (Various notions of bounded entailment are shown to be expressible as language inclusions.) The languages unwind computations implicit in the logical (and temporal) connectives via a system of finite-state constraints adapted from finite-state morphology. Applications to Hybrid Logic and non-monotonic inertial reasoning are briefly considered."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133106756",
"bllo:bll-133073351"
] | [
[
"Hybrid",
"Hybrid"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133074846",
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Word formation",
"Wortbildung"
],
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
2529 | Phrase-based finite state models | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"In the last years, statistical machine translation has already demonstrated its usefulness within a wide variety of translation applications. In this line, phrase-based alignment models have become the reference to follow in order to build competitive systems. Finite state models are always an interesting framework because there are well-known efficient algorithms for their representation and manipulation. This document is a contribution to the evolution of finite state models towards a phrase-based approach. The inference of stochastic transducers that are based on bilingual phrases is carefully analysed from a finite state point of view. Indeed, the algorithmic phenomena that have to be taken into account in order to deal with such phrase-based finite state models when in decoding time are also in-depth detailed."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:Bilingual",
"bllo:bll-275010589",
"bllo:bll-133084698",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133120139"
] | [
[
"Bilingual",
"Zweisprachig"
],
[
"Translation",
"Übersetzen"
],
[
"State",
"Zustandsbezeichnung"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Reference",
"Referenz"
]
] | [
[
"LingualityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SemanticRelation",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Semantic relation",
"Semantische Relation"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
] |
2530 | ME-CSSR : an extension of CSSR using maximum entropy models | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"In this work an extension of CSSR algorithm using Maximum Entropy Models is introduced. Preliminary experiments to perform Named Entity Recognition with this new system are presented."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133077136"
] | [
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
2531 | ExPRESS : extraction pattern recognition engine and specification suite | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"The emergence of information extraction (IE) oriented pattern engines has been observed during the last decade. Most of them exploit heavily finite-state devices. This paper introduces ExPRESS – a new extraction pattern engine, whose rules are regular expressions over flat feature structures. The underlying pattern language is a blend of two previously introduced IE oriented pattern formalisms, namely, JAPE, used in the widely known GATE system, and the unificationbased XTDL formalism used in SProUT. A brief and technical overview of ExPRESS, its pattern language and the pool of its native linguistic components is given. Furthermore, the implementation of the grammar interpreter is addressed too."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:Grammar"
] | [
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
]
] | [
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
2532 | On resolving long distance dependencies in Russian verbs | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Morphological analyses based on word syntax approaches can encounter difficulties with long distance dependencies. The reason is that in some cases an affix has to have access to the inner structure of the form with which it combines. One solution is the percolation of features from ther inner morphemes to the outer morphemes with some process of feature unification. However, the obstacle of percolation constraints or stipulated features has lead some linguists to argue in favour of other frameworks such as, e.g., realizational morphology or parallel approaches like optimality theory. This paper proposes a linguistic analysis of two long distance dependencies in the morphology of Russian verbs, namely secondary imperfectivization and deverbal nominalization.We show how these processes can be reanalysed as local dependencies. Although finitestate frameworks are not bound by such linguistically motivated considerations, we present an implementation of our analysis as proposed in [1] that does not complicate the grammar or enlarge the network unproportionally."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133073513",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:AccessTypeFeature",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133121011"
] | [
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Affix",
"Affix"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Access",
"Zugriff"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073378",
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"EastSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"East Slavic",
"Ostslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
2533 | Transducers from parallel replace rules and modes with generalized lenient composition | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Generalized Two-Level Grammar (GTWOL) provides a new method for compilation of parallel replacement rules into transducers. The current paper identifies the role of generalized lenient composition (GLC) in this method. Thanks to the GLC operation, the compilation method becomes bipartite and easily extendible to capture various application modes. In the light of three notions of obligatoriness, a modification to the compilation method is proposed. We argue that the bipartite design makes implementation of parallel obligatoriness, directionality, length and rank based application modes extremely easy, which is the main result of the paper."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133080692",
"bllo:Composition",
"bllo:Grammar"
] | [
[
"Light",
"Licht"
],
[
"Composition",
"Komposition"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074846",
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Word formation",
"Wortbildung"
],
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
2534 | Finite-state rule deduction for parsing non-constituent coordination | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"In this paper, we present a finite-state approach to constituency and therewith an analysis of coordination phenomena involving so-called non-constituents. We show that non-constituents can be seen as parts of fully-fledged constituents and therefore be coordinated in the same way. We have implemented an algorithm based on finite state automata that generates an LFG grammar assigning valid analyses to non-constituent coordination structures in the German language."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133074161",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133084698"
] | [
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Coordination",
"Parataxe"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"State",
"Zustandsbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"InterclausalRelation",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Interclausal relation",
"Satzverknüpfung"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
2573 | Slavische nationale Minderheiten im Ostseeraum | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Der vorliegende Sammelband enthält sechs Beiträge von Teilnehmern der Exkursion „Slavische nationale Minderheiten im Ostseeraum“, die im Herbst 2006 stattfand. Die Aufsätze befassen sich vertiefend mit den Themen der Studienreise, die nach Polen und ins Baltikum führte. Sie behandeln verschiedene Aspekte der gegenwärtigen Lage ausgewählter slavischer nationaler, sprachlicher und zum Teil religiöser Minderheiten in Polen und den baltischen Staaten, sowie die historischen Umstände, die dem Entstehen der aktuellen Situation zugrunde liegen. Die Themen der einzelnen Beiträge sind: „Die ukrainische Minderheit in der polnischen Wojewodschaft Westpommern 60 Jahre nach der Akcja Wisla“ (Adrian Fiedler), „Mehrsprachigkeit in Litauen am Beispiel der polnischen Minderheit“ (Alicja Fiedler), „Medien der Minderheiten – Ukrainer in Polen, Polen in Litauen“ (Georg Jähnig), „Politische Beteiligung der russischen Minderheit in Estland“ (Magdalena Noffke), „Sprachpolitik und Sprachgebrauch im Baltikum: Die russische Sprache in Estland – ein Einblick in die historische Entwicklung und die aktuelle Brisanz“ (Katrin Rimbach), sowie „Die Altgläubigen der Region Pricud'e in Estland“ (Stefan Daute).",
"This collection contains six articles composed by participants of the excursion “Slavic national minorities in the Baltic region”, which took place in autumn 2006. The articles deal with different aspects of the current state of selected Slavic national, linguistic and partly religious minorities in Poland and the Baltic states, as well as the historic circumstances leading to the current situation. The topics of the constituent essays are: “The Ukrainian minority in the Polish voivodship West Pomerania 60 years after the Operation 'Wisla'” (Adrian Fiedler), “The Polish minority as an example of multilingualism in Lithuania” (Alicja Fiedler), “Minority media – Ukrainians in Poland, Polish in Lithuania” (Georg Jähnig), “Political participation of the Russian minority in Estonia” (Magdalena Noffke), “Linguistic policies and language usage in the Baltic states: Russian language in Estonia – insight into historic developments and current tensions” (Katrin Rimbach), and ”Old believers in the Estonian region of Prichudye” (Stefan Daute)."
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Slavistik"
] | [
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:bll-133126595",
"bllo:bll-133084698",
"bllo:bll-13309460X",
"bllo:bll-133114937",
"bllo:bll-133118894",
"bllo:bll-133123650",
"bllo:bll-133121011"
] | [
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Ukrainian",
"Ukrainisch"
],
[
"State",
"Zustandsbezeichnung"
],
[
"Estonian",
"Estnisch"
],
[
"Plurilingualism",
"Mehrsprachigkeit"
],
[
"Polish",
"Polnisch"
],
[
"Language politics",
"Sprachpolitik"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russisch"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
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"EastSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
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"bll-133073661",
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],
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"Finnic",
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"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
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"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"EastSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"East Slavic",
"Ostslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Finnic",
"Ostseefinnisch"
],
[
"Finno-Ugric languages",
"Finno-Ugrische Sprachen"
],
[
"Uralic languages",
"Uralische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"East Slavic",
"Ostslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
2594 | Spotkanie mlodych polonistów : zbiór prac wygloszonych na pierwszej konferencji niemiecko-polskiej studentów plonistyki w Opoly 03.-04.10.2003 r = Beiträge zum ersten deutsch-polnischen studentischen Polonistentreffen in Oppeln (Opole) vom 03.-04.10.2003 | deu | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Vom 03. – 04.10.2003 fand in Oppeln (Opole, Polen) zum ersten Mal eine Konferenz von Polonistik-Studenten aus Deutschland und Polen in polnischer Sprache statt. Die in diesem Band gesammelten Beiträge der Konferenz spiegeln den Stand studentischer Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Polonistik wider. Dabei sind v.a. Beiträge aus der Sprachwissenschaft zur polnischen Sprache der Gegenwart, aber auch der Literaturwissenschaft und den deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen enthalten. Schwerpunkt der Konferenz waren interkulturelle Interaktionen."
] | ddc:490 | [
"Polonist",
"Polonistik",
"Kongress",
"Institut für Slavistik"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
2739 | Die Wahrnehmung von Clauses bei 6- und 8-Monate-alten Deutsch lernenden Kindern : der Einfluss von Pausendauer und der Natürlichen Pausenhierarchie | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"The present dissertation focuses on the question whether and under which conditions infants recognise clauses in fluent speech and the role a prosodic marker such as a pause may have in the segmentation process. In the speech signal, syntactic clauses often coincide with intonational phrases (IPhs) (Nespor & Vogel, 1986, p. 190), the boundaries of which are marked by changes in fundamental frequency (e.g., Price, Ostendorf, Shattuck-Hufnagel & Fong, 1991), lengthening of the final syllable (e.g., Cooper & Paccia-Cooper, 1980) and the occurrence of a pause (Nespor & Vogel, 1986, p. 188). Thus, IPhs seem to be reliably marked in the speech stream and infants may use these cues to recognise them. Furthermore, corpus studies on the occurrence and distribution of pauses have revealed that there is a strong correlation between the duration of a pause and the type of boundary it marks (e.g., Butcher, 1981, for German). Pauses between words are either non-existent or short, pauses between phrases are a bit longer, and pauses between clauses and at sentence boundaries further increase in duration. This suggests the existence of a natural pause hierarchy that complements the prosodic hierarchy described by Nespor and Vogel (1986). These hierarchies on the side of the speech signal correspond to the syntactic hierarchy of a language. In the present study, five experiments using the Headturn preference paradigm (Hirsh-Pasek, Kemler Nelson, Jusczyk, Cassidy, Druss & Kennedy, 1987) were conducted to investigate German-learning 6- and 8-month-olds’ use of pauses to recognise clauses in the signal and their sensitivity to the natural pause hierarchy. Previous studies on English-learning infants’ recognition of clauses (Hirsh-Pasek et al., 1987; Nazzi, Kemler Nelson, Jusczyk & Jusczyk, 2000) have found that infants as young as 6 months recognise clauses in fluent speech. Recently, Seidl and colleagues have begun to investigate the status the pause may have in this process (Seidl, 2007; Johnson & Seidl, 2008; Seidl & Cristià, 2008). However, none of these studies investigated infants’ sensitivity to the natural pause hierarchy and especially the sensitivity to the correlation between pause durations and the respective within-sentence clause boundaries / sentence boundaries. To address these questions highly controlled stimuli were used. In all five experiments the stimuli were sentences consisting of two IPhs which each coincided with a syntactic clause. In the first three experiments pauses were inserted either at clause and sentence boundaries or within the first clause and the sentence boundaries. The duration of the pauses varied between the experiments. The results show that German-learning 6-month-olds recognise clauses in the speech stream, but only in a condition in which the duration of the pauses conforms to the mean duration of pauses found at the respective boundaries in German. Experiments 4 and 5 explicitly addressed the question of infants’ sensitivity to the natural pause hierarchy by inserting pauses at the clause and sentence boundaries only. Their durations were either conforming to the natural pause hierarchy or were being reversed. The results of these experiments provide evidence that 8-, but not 6-month-olds seem to be sensitive to the correlation of the duration of pauses and the type of boundary they demarcate. The present study provides first evidence that infants not only use pauses to recognise clause and sentence boundaries, but are sensitive to the duration and distribution of pauses in their native language as reflected in the natural pause hierarchy.",
"Die vorliegende Dissertation geht der Frage nach, ob und ab wann Deutsch lernende Kinder in der Lage sind, Clauses in gesprochener Sprache zu erkennen und welche Rolle dabei ein prosodischer Marker wie die Pause spielen kann. Im Sprachstrom sind syntaktische Clauses oft durch Intonationsphrasen (IPhs) repräsentiert (Nespor & Vogel, 1986). Die Grenzen solcher IPhs werden markiert durch Veränderungen in der Grundfrequenz (z.B., Price, Ostendorf, Shattuck-Hufnagel & Fong, 1991), die Längung der grenzfinalen Silbe (z.B., Cooper & Paccia-Cooper, 1980) und das Vorhandensein einer Pause (Nespor & Vogel, 1986, p. 188). Man kann also davon ausgehen, dass die Grenzen von IPhs zuverlässig markiert sind und Kleinkinder diese Hinweisreize zu deren Wahrnehmung nutzen. Ein weiterer Hinweis ist die Dauer einer Pause, die systematisch mit der Art der Grenze korreliert an der sie vorkommt (z.B., Butcher, 1981, fürs Deutsche). Es finden sich kaum oder gar keine Pausen zwischen Wörtern, etwas längere Pausen an Phrasengrenzen, noch längere Pausen an Clausegrenzen und die längsten Pausen an Satzgrenzen. Das legt die Existenz einer Natürlichen Pausenhierarchie nahe, die die prosodische Hierarchie (Nespor & Vogel, 1986) auf der Seite des Sprachsignals ergänzt. Diese prosodischen Hierarchien korrespondieren mit der syntaktischen Hierarchie einer Sprache. In der vorliegenden Studie werden fünf Experimente präsentiert, die mittels der Headturn Preference Methode (Hirsh-Pasek, Kemler Nelson, Jusczyk, Cassidy, Druss & Kennedy, 1987) durchgeführt wurden. Die Fragestellung war, ob Deutsch lernende 6 und 8 Monate alte Kinder Pausen nutzen, um Clauses im Sprachstrom zu erkennen und ob sie bereits sensitiv für die natürliche Pausenhierarchie sind. Vorläuferstudien (Hirsh-Pasek et al., 1987; Nazzi, Kemler Nelson, Jusczyk & Jusczyk, 2000) haben gezeigt, dass bereits 6 Monate alte Englisch lernende Kinder Clauses in der Sprache erkennen. Erstmals haben Seidl und Mitarbeiterinnen (Seidl, 2007; Johnson & Seidl, 2008; Seidl & Cristià, 2008) den Status der Pause in diesem Zusammenhang näher untersucht. Keine der genannten Studien hat jedoch die Sensitivität von Kindern gegenüber der natürlichen Pausenhierarchie und besonders die Sensitivität gegenüber der Korrelation von Pausendauer und Clause-, bzw. Satzgrenzen erforscht. Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, wurde in der vorliegenden Studie ein hoch kontrolliertes Stimulusmaterial verwendet: Sätze die aus zwei IPhs bestehen, welche jeweils einem syntaktischen Clause entsprechen. In den ersten drei Experimenten wurden Pausen zum einen an den Clause- und den Satzgrenzen und zum anderen innerhalb der ersten Clauses und an den Satzgrenzen eingefügt. Die Dauer der Pausen variierte zwischen den Experimenten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass 6 Monate alte Kinder in der Lage sind, Clauses in gesprochener Sprache zu erkennen, aber nur ein einer Bedingung, in der die eingefügten Pausen eine Dauer hatten, die mit der natürlichen Sprache übereinstimmte. In den Experimenten 4 und 5 wurde explizit getestet, inwieweit die Kinder sensitiv gegenüber der natürlichen Pausenhierarchie sind. Dafür wurden Pausen nur noch an den Clause- und den Satzgrenzen eingefügt, die jeweilige Dauer der Pausen entsprach dabei einmal der Pausenhierarchie, zum anderen widersprachen sie ihr. Die Ergebnisse der beiden Experimente zeigen, dass 8 Monate alte Kinder, nicht jedoch 6 Monate alte Kinder, sensitiv für die Verbindung von Pausendauer und der jeweiligen prosodisch/syntaktischen Grenze sind. Die Ergebnisse der Dissertation zeigen erstmals, dass Kinder Pausen nicht nur nutzen, um Clauses in gesprochener Sprache zu erkennen, sondern dass sie auch sensitiv gegenüber Pausendauer und Pausenverteilung in ihrer Muttersprache sind und damit gegenüber der Natürlichen Pausenhierarchie."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073068",
"bllo:bll-133089762",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-31572529X",
"bllo:Segmentation",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Clause",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133073068",
"bllo:bll-133102203",
"bllo:Distribution",
"bllo:bll-133104133",
"bllo:bll-133070409"
] | [
[
"Syllable",
"Silbe"
],
[
"War",
"Krieg"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Perception",
"Wahrnehmung"
],
[
"Segmentation",
"Segmentierung"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Syllable",
"Silbe"
],
[
"Man",
"Mann"
],
[
"Distribution",
"Distribution"
],
[
"Frequency",
"Häufigkeitsbezeichnung"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
]
] | [
[
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
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"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
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"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
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"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
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"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
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"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
2835 | Emphatic speech style : with special focus on the prosodic signalling of heightened emotive involvement in conservation | eng | doc-type:article | [
"After a review of previous work on the prosody of emotional involvement, data extracts from natural conversations are analyzed in order to argue for the constitution of an 'emphatic (speech) style', which linguistic devices are used to signal heightened emotive involvement. Participants use prosodic cues, in co-occurrence with syntactic and lexical cues, to contextualize turn-constructional units as 'emphatic'. Only realizations of prosodic categories that are marked in relation to surrounding uses of these categories have the power to contextualize units as displaying 'more-than-normal involvement'. In the appropriate context, and in cooccurrence with syntactic and lexical cues and sequential position, the context-sensitive interpretation of this involvement is 'emphasis'. Prosodic marking is used in addition to various unmarked cues that signal and constitute different activity types in conversation. Emphatic style highlights and reinforms particular conversational activities, and makes certain types of recipient responses locally relevant. In particular, switches from non-emphatic to emphatic style are used to contextualize 'peaks of involvement' or 'climaxes' in story-telling. These are shown in the paper to be 'staged' by speakers and treated by recipients as marked activities calling for displays of alignment with respect to the matter at hand. Signals of emphasis are deployable as techniques for locally organizing demonstrations of shared understanding and participant reciprocity in conversational interaction."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133120031"
] | [
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Reciprocity",
"Reziprozität"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SemanticRelation",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Semantic relation",
"Semantische Relation"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
] |
2990 | Optimality theory and minimalism : interface theories | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"The papers contained in this issue share the insight that the different components of the grammar sometimes impose conflicting requirements on the grammar’s output, and that, in order to handle such conflicts, it seems advantageous to combine aspects from minimalist and OT modelling. The papers show that this can be undertaken in a multiplicity of ways, by using varying proportions of each framework, and offer a broad range of perspectives for future research."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133099377",
"bllo:Grammar"
] | [
[
"Future",
"Futur"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
]
] | [
[
"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
3053 | Hard and soft conditions on the faculty of language | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In this paper I argue that both parametric variation and the alleged differences between languages in terms of their internal complexity straightforwardly follow from the Strongest Minimalist Thesis that takes the Faculty of Language (FL) to be an optimal solution to conditions that neighboring mental modules impose on it. In this paper I argue that hard conditions like legibility at the linguistic interfaces invoke simplicity metrices that, given that they stem from different mental modules, are not harmonious. I argue that widely attested expression strategies, such as agreement or movement, are a direct result of conflicting simplicity metrices, and that UG, perceived as a toolbox that shapes natural language, can be taken to consist of a limited number of markings strategies, all resulting from conflicting simplicity metrices. As such, the contents of UG follow from simplicity requirements, and therefore no longer necessitate linguistic principles, valued or unvalued, to be innately present. Finally, I show that the SMT does not require that languages themselves have to be optimal in connecting sound to meaning."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133116018",
"bllo:Complexity",
"bllo:bll-133073408"
] | [
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Complexity",
"Komplexität"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
""
] |
3054 | Aspect splits and parasitic marking | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Aspect splits can affect agreement, Case, and even preposition insertion. This paper discusses the functional ‘why’ and the theoretical ‘how’ of aspect splits. Aspect splits are an economical way to mark aspect by preserving or suppressing some independent element in one aspect. In formal terms, they are produced in the same way as coda conditions in phonology, with positional/contextual faithfulness.This approach captures the additive effects of cross-cutting splits. Aspect splits are analyzed here from Hindi, Nepali, Yucatec Maya, Chontal, and Palauan."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133119092",
"bllo:bll-133073475",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133086399",
"bllo:bll-13307594X",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:bll-133092887",
"bllo:Even",
"bllo:bll-197979688",
"bllo:bll-133117618",
"bllo:bll-133106225",
"bllo:bll-133114759"
] | [
[
"Preposition",
"Präposition"
],
[
"Aspect",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Nepali",
"Nepali"
],
[
"Yucatec",
"Yukatan"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Affect",
"Affekt"
],
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Chontal",
"Chontal"
],
[
"Palauan",
"Palauanisch"
],
[
"Hindi",
"Hindi"
],
[
"Maya",
"Maya"
]
] | [
[
"Adposition",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"AspectFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-177714484",
"bll-133095444",
"Indo-Iranian",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Yucatec",
"bll-133114759",
"bll-133075117",
"bll-133107264",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133075117",
"bll-133107264",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Malayo-Polynesian",
"bll-133078795",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133099350",
"Indo-AryanCentralZone",
"bll-133095444",
"Indo-Iranian",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133075117",
"bll-133107264",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Adposition",
"Adposition"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Aspect feature",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pahārī",
"Pahārī"
],
[
"Indo-Arian languages",
"Indoarische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-Iranian languages",
"Indoiranische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Yucatecan",
"Yukatekisch"
],
[
"Maya",
"Maya"
],
[
"Indigenous languages of North and Central America",
"Indigene Sprachen Nordamerikas und Zentralamerikas"
],
[
"Native American languages",
"Indigene amerikanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Indigenous languages of North and Central America",
"Indigene Sprachen Nordamerikas und Zentralamerikas"
],
[
"Native American languages",
"Indigene amerikanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malayo-Polynesisch"
],
[
"Austronesian languages",
"Austronesische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Hindustānī",
"Hindustānī"
],
[
"Indo-Aryan Central Zone",
"Zentralindisch"
],
[
"Indo-Arian languages",
"Indoarische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-Iranian languages",
"Indoiranische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Indigenous languages of North and Central America",
"Indigene Sprachen Nordamerikas und Zentralamerikas"
],
[
"Native American languages",
"Indigene amerikanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
3055 | Say hello to markedness | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In this paper, it will be shown that Bi-directional Optimality Theory (BOT) runs into problems of undergeneration when confronted with a certain class of partial-blocking phenomena. The empirical problem used to illustrate this is the cross-linguistic variation of one-step past-referring tenses. It will be argued that the well-known ‘present perfect puzzle’ is a sub-problem of it. The solution to the cross-linguistic variation of these tenses involves blocking of the marked tense. The relevant notion of ‘markedness’, while underivable synchronically, is argued to be linked to diachronic learning processes similar to those investigated by Benz (2006)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133118169",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:Markedness",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:bll-133101010",
"bllo:Tense"
] | [
[
"Present perfect",
"Perfekt"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Markedness",
"Markiertheit"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Notion",
"Begriff"
],
[
"Tense",
"Gespannt"
]
] | [
[
"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"TensenessFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tenseness feature",
"Spannung"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
3056 | Variation in resumption requires violable constraints | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Variation in dative resumption among and within Alemannic varieties of German strongly favors an Evaluator component that makes use of optimality-theoretic evaluation rather than filters as in the Minimalist Program (MP). At the same time, the variation is restricted to realizational requirements. This supports a model of syntax like the Derivations and Evaluations framework (Broekhuis 2008) that combines a restrictive MP-style Generator with an Evaluator that includes ranked violable (interface) constraints."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133070344",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133087964"
] | [
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Alemannic",
"Alemannisch"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Dative",
"Dativ"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070336",
"HighGerman",
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Upper German dialects",
"Oberdeutsche Dialekte"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
3057 | Preposition insertion in the mapping from spell-out to PF | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper discusses three case studies on the realization of spurious prepositions and argues that they illustrate a general interaction of convergence requirements of the morphological component with an economy condition that enforces faithfulness between the lexical items present in the numeration and the lexical items present in the PF output."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-385494750"
] | [
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Economy",
"Wirtschaft"
]
] | [
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
3058 | Branching constraints | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Rejecting approaches with a directionality parameter, mainstream minimalism has adopted the notion of strict (or unidirectional) branching. Within optimality theory however, constraints have recently been proposed that presuppose that the branching direction scheme is language specific. I show that a syntactic analysis of Chechen word order and relative clauses using strict branching and movement triggered by feature checking seems very unlikely, whereas a directionality approach works well. I argue in favor of a mixed directionality approach for Chechen, where the branching direction scheme depends on the phrase type. This observation leads to the introduction of context variants of existing markedness constraints, in order to describe the branching processes in terms of optimality theory. The paper discusses how and where the optimality theory selection of the branching directions can be implemented within a minimalist derivation."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073505",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:Phrase",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:Markedness",
"bllo:bll-133101010",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:bll-133116018",
"bllo:bll-133085236"
] | [
[
"Derivation",
"Derivation"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Phrase",
"Phrase"
],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Markedness",
"Markiertheit"
],
[
"Notion",
"Begriff"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Chechen",
"Tschetschenisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133074846",
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Nakh",
"bll-449780988",
"bll-133109771",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Word formation",
"Wortbildung"
],
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Nakh",
"Nachisch"
],
[
"Nakh-Daghestanian languages",
"Nachisch-Dagestanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Caucasian languages",
"Kaukasische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
3059 | Deriving pairedness in vP structure | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Minimalist accounts lack a natural theory of markedness, whereas Optimality-Theoretical accounts fundamentally encode markedness. We think the duality of interfaces assumed in Minimalism is a step towards explaining pairedness behavior, where a given language exhibits a marked/ unmarked pair of items occupying the same niche. We argue that while Minimalism articulates the derivational aspect of language, and underlies grammaticality, an Optimality Theoretic articulation of PF and LF is conceptually natural and explains pairedness behavior. We adopt this ‘hybrid’ account, first, to explain the existence of marked (often termed ‘reflexive’) and unmarked anticausatives in German, recently studied in depth by Sch¨afer [2007]."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133073475",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Markedness",
"bllo:bll-133106756"
] | [
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Aspect",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Markedness",
"Markiertheit"
],
[
"Hybrid",
"Hybrid"
]
] | [
[
"AspectFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133074846",
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Aspect feature",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Word formation",
"Wortbildung"
],
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
] |
3060 | The nature, use and origin of explanatory adequacy | eng | doc-type:article | [
"If we want to compare the explanatory and descriptive adequacy of the MP and OT, the original definitions by Chomsky (1964) are or little direct use. However, a relativized version of both notions can be defined, which can be used to express a number of parallels between the study of individual I-languages and the language faculty. In any version of explanatory and descriptive adequacy, the two notions derive from the research programme and can only be achieved together. They can therefore not be used to characterize the difference in orientation between OT and the MP. Even if ‘OT’ is restricted to a particular theory in Chomskyan linguistics (to the exclusion of, for instance, its use in LFG), it cannot be said to be stronger in descriptive adequacy than in explanatory adequacy in the technical sense of these terms."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Even",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133072835"
] | [
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
""
] |
3061 | Last resorts and grammaticality | eng | doc-type:article | [
"A “last resort” is argued to be nothing more than a winning, i.e. grammatical form, once it is understood in terms of competition between alternative candidates. It is a theorem of OT that we find last resort effects, since it follows from the nature of competition and constraint interaction."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:Constraint"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Constraint",
"Constraint"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
3062 | Natural law | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This work concentrates on the requirements of the computational system of HL, by developing the idea that Natural Law applies to universal syntactic principles. The systems of efficient growth are for the continuation of motion and maximal distance between the elements. The condition of maximization accounts for the properties of syntactic trees - binary branching, labeling, and the EPP. NL justifies the basic principle of organization in Merge: it provides a functional explanation of phase formation and thematic domains. In Optimality Theory, it accounts for the selection of a particular word order in languages. A comprehensive and definitive understanding of the principles underlying MP will eventually lead to a more advanced design of OT."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:Universal",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:bll-133077136"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Universal",
"Universalie"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
3063 | Optimality theory and the minimalist program | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1 Introduction 2 Crosslinguistic Variation 3 Constraint Conflict 3.1 Conflict between Prosody and Syntax 3.2 Conflict between Economy Principles 4 OT and Minimalism"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:Constraint",
"bllo:bll-385494750"
] | [
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Constraint",
"Constraint"
],
[
"Economy",
"Wirtschaft"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
3064 | The simple generator | eng | doc-type:article | [
"I argue that the shift of explanatory burden from the generator to the evaluator in OT syntax – together with the difficulties that arise when we try to formulate a working theory of the interfaces of syntax – leads to a number of assumptions about syntactic structures in OT which are quite different from those typical of minimalist syntax: formal features, as driving forces behind syntactic movement, are useless, and derivational and representational economy are problematic for both empirical and conceptual reasons. The notion of markedness, central in Optimality Theory, is not fully compatible with the idea of synactic economy. Even more so, seemingly obvious cases of blocking by structural economy do not seem to result from grammar proper, but reflect (economical) aspects of language use."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-385494750",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:Markedness",
"bllo:bll-133101010",
"bllo:Even",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:bll-133116018",
"bllo:bll-13307384X"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Economy",
"Wirtschaft"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Markedness",
"Markiertheit"
],
[
"Notion",
"Begriff"
],
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
3065 | Derivations (MP) and evaluations (OT) | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The main claim of this paper is that the minimalist framework and optimality theory adopt more or less the same architecture of grammar: both assume that a generator defines a set S of potentially well-formed expressions that can be generated on the basis of a given input, and that there is an evaluator that selects the expressions from S that are actually grammatical in a given language L. The paper therefore proposes a model of grammar in which the strengths of the two frameworks are combined: more specifically, it is argued that the computational system of human language CHL from MP creates a set S of potentially well-formed expressions, and that these are subsequently evaluated in an optimality theoretic fashion."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:Human",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:Grammar"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Human",
"Menschlich"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"HumannessFeature",
"SemanticFeature",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Humanness feature",
"Menschlichkeit"
],
[
"Semantic feature",
"Semantisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
3066 | An optimality-theoretic analysis of scandinavian object shift and remnant VP-topicalisation | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Holmberg (1997, 1999) assumes that Holmberg's generalisation (HG) is derivational, prohibiting Object Shift (OS) across an intervening non-adverbial element at any point in the derivation. Counterexamples to this hypothesis are given in Fox & Pesetsky (2005) which show that remnant VP-topicalisations are possible in Scandinavian as long as the VP-internal order relations are maintained. Extending the empirical basis concerning remnant VP-topicalisations, we argue that HG and the restrictions on object stranding result from the same, more general condition on order preservation. Considering this condition to be violable and to interact with various constraints on movement in an Optimality-theoretic fashion, we suggest an account for various asymmetries in the interaction between remnant VP-topicalisations and both OS and other movement operations (especially subject raising) as to their order preserving characteristics and stranding abilities."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13312455X",
"bllo:bll-133073505",
"bllo:bll-13454630X",
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:bll-133090078",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133116018"
] | [
[
"Stranding",
"Stranding"
],
[
"Derivation",
"Derivation"
],
[
"Fox",
"Fox"
],
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"Raising",
"Raising"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
]
] | [
[
"WordOrderPhenomenon",
"SyntacticConstruction",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074846",
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133076652",
"Algic",
"bll-133075117",
"bll-133107264",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133116018",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Word order phenomenon",
"Wortstellungsphänomen"
],
[
"Syntactic construction",
"Syntaktische Konstruktion"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Word formation",
"Wortbildung"
],
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Algonquin",
"Algonkin"
],
[
"Algic",
"Algisch"
],
[
"Indigenous languages of North and Central America",
"Indigene Sprachen Nordamerikas und Zentralamerikas"
],
[
"Native American languages",
"Indigene amerikanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
3070 | Do we know the answer? | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Introduction 2. The corpus 2.1 Subjects 2.2 Recordings 2.3 Data processing 2.4 Materials 3. Intonation in Upper Saxon German yes-no-questions 4. Intonational variation and information structure 5. Conclusions and discussion"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-13307031X",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-133098532"
] | [
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Upper Saxon",
"Obersächsisch"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Saxon",
"Sächsisch"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070298",
"bll-133070263",
"HighGerman",
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133070298",
"bll-133070263",
"HighGerman",
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"East Middle German dialects",
"Ostmitteldeutsche Dialekte"
],
[
"Middle German dialects",
"Mitteldeutsche Dialekte"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"East Middle German dialects",
"Ostmitteldeutsche Dialekte"
],
[
"Middle German dialects",
"Mitteldeutsche Dialekte"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
3072 | Case as a trigger for reanalysis | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In the recent literature there is a hypothesis that the human parser uses number and case information in different ways to resolve an initially incorrect case assignment. This paper investigates what role morphological case information plays during the parser’s detection of an ungrammaticality or its recognition that a reanalysis is necessary. First, we compare double nominative with double accusative ungrammaticalities in a word by word, speeded grammaticality task and in this way show that only double nominatives lead to a so-called ”illusion of grammaticality” (a low rate of ungrammaticality detection). This illusion was found to disappear when the second argument was realized by a pronoun rather than by a full definite determiner phrase, i.e. when the saliency of the second argument was increased. Thus, the accuracy in recognizing an ungrammaticality induced by the case feature of the second argument is dependent on the type of this argument. Furthermore, we found that the accuracy in detecting such case ungrammaticalities is distance sensitive insofar as a shorter distance leads to a higher accuracy. The results are taken as support for an ”expectationdriven” parse strategy in which the way the parser uses the information of a current input item depends on the expectation resulting from the parse carried out so far. By contrast, ”input-driven” parse strategies, such as the diagnosis model (Fodor & Inoue, 1999) are unable to explain the data presented here."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133076377",
"bllo:CaseAssignment",
"bllo:Human",
"bllo:Phrase",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133089118",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-290169917",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133091198",
"bllo:CaseFeature",
"bllo:bll-133117049",
"bllo:bll-133119394"
] | [
[
"Accusative",
"Akkusativ"
],
[
"Case assignment",
"Kasuszuordnung"
],
[
"Human",
"Menschlich"
],
[
"Phrase",
"Phrase"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Double nominative",
"Doppelter Nominativ"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Double accusative",
"Doppelter Akkusativ"
],
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Nominative",
"Nominativ"
],
[
"Pronoun",
"Pronomen"
]
] | [
[
"AmbiguouslyDefinedConcept"
],
[
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"HumannessFeature",
"SemanticFeature",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseAssignment",
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseAssignment",
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Ambiguously defined concept",
"Mehrdeutig definiertes Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Humanness feature",
"Menschlichkeit"
],
[
"Semantic feature",
"Semantisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case assignment",
"Kasuszuordnung"
],
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case assignment",
"Kasuszuordnung"
],
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"AmbiguouslyDefinedConcept",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
3073 | Nominative case as a multidimensional default | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The present paper addresses a current view in the psycholinguistic literature that case exhibits processing properties distinct from those of other morphological features such as number (cf. Fodor & Inoue, 2000; Meng & Bader, 2000a/b). In a speeded-acceptability judgement experiment, we show that the low performance previously found for case in contrast to number violations is limited to nominative case, whereas violations involving accusative and dative are judged more accurately. The data thus do not support the proposal that case per se is associated with special properties (in contrast to other features such as number) in reanalysis processes. Rather, there are significant judgement differences between the object cases accusative and dative on the one hand and the subject nominative case on the other. This may be explained by the fact that nominative has a specific status in German (and many other languages) as a default case."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133076377",
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:bll-133117049",
"bllo:bll-133087964"
] | [
[
"Accusative",
"Akkusativ"
],
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Nominative",
"Nominativ"
],
[
"Dative",
"Dativ"
]
] | [
[
"AmbiguouslyDefinedConcept"
],
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Ambiguously defined concept",
"Mehrdeutig definiertes Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"AmbiguouslyDefinedConcept",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
3074 | Partitive vs. Genitive in Russian and Polish | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The present paper addresses a current view in the psycholinguistic literature that case exhibits processing properties distinct from those of other morphological features such as number (cf. Fodor & Inoue, 2000; Meng & Bader, 2000a/b). In a speeded-acceptability judgement experiment, we show that the low performance previously found for case in contrast to number violations is limited to nominative case, whereas violations involving accusative and dative are judged more accurately. The data thus do not support the proposal that case per se is associated with special properties (in contrast to other features such as number) in reanalysis processes. Rather, there are significant judgement differences between the object cases accusative and dative on the one hand and the subject nominative case on the other. This may be explained by the fact that nominative has a specific status in German (and many other languages) as a default case."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133076377",
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:bll-133117049",
"bllo:bll-133087964"
] | [
[
"Accusative",
"Akkusativ"
],
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Nominative",
"Nominativ"
],
[
"Dative",
"Dativ"
]
] | [
[
"AmbiguouslyDefinedConcept"
],
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Ambiguously defined concept",
"Mehrdeutig definiertes Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"AmbiguouslyDefinedConcept",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
3075 | The resolution of case conflicts | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper reports the results of a pilot study on the resolution of case conflicts in German free relative constructions. Section 1 gives a brief introduction into the phenomenon, section 2 presents the experiment and its results, section 3 ends the paper with a brief more general discussion."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133097463",
"bllo:bll-133070158"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Free relative",
"Freier Relativsatz"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074072",
"bll-133074056",
"FiniteClause",
"Clause",
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Relative clause",
"Relativsatz"
],
[
"Subordinate clause",
"Nebensatz"
],
[
"Finite clause",
"Finiter Teilsatz"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
3076 | Counting Markedness | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper reports the results of a corpus investigation on case conflicts in German argument free relative constructions. We investigate how corpus frequencies reflect the relative markedness of free relative and correlative constructions, the relative markedness of different case conflict configurations, and the relative markedness of different conflict resolution strategies. Section 1 introduces the conception of markedness as used in Optimality Theory. Section 2 introduces the facts about German free relative clauses, and section 3 presents the results of the corpus study. By and large, markedness and frequency go hand in hand. However, configurations at the highest end of the markedness scale rarely show up in corpus data, and for the configuration at the lowest end we found an unexpected outcome: the more marked structure is preferred."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133097463",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Markedness",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:bll-133104133"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Free relative",
"Freier Relativsatz"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Markedness",
"Markiertheit"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Frequency",
"Häufigkeitsbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133074072",
"bll-133074056",
"FiniteClause",
"Clause",
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Relative clause",
"Relativsatz"
],
[
"Subordinate clause",
"Nebensatz"
],
[
"Finite clause",
"Finiter Teilsatz"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
3078 | Münchhausen-style head movement and the analysis of verb second | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1 Introduction 2 A restrictive theory of head movement 2.1 Preliminary Remarks 2.2 Theoretical Problems of Head Movement 2.3 Remnant Phrasal Movement 2.4 Münchhausen Style Head Movement 3 Verb Second Movement 3.1 Introductory Remarks 3.2 Problems of V/2 constructions: Does V really move to Comp? 3.3 The preverbal position 3.4 The Second Position 4 References"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133116018",
"bllo:bll-133127125",
"bllo:bll-133072835"
] | [
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
""
] |
3079 | Interface restrictions on verb second | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 0 Introduction 1 Elements that block verb raising – a discussion 1.1 Haider’s observation 1.2 The other constructions 1.3 A possible explanation 1.4 Riemsdijk’s grafting approach as a possible alternative? 1.5 Intermediate Summary 2 Parsing problems with speech act adverbials in the pre-field"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133090078",
"bllo:bll-133127125",
"bllo:bll-133072436"
] | [
[
"Raising",
"Raising"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Parsing",
"Parsing"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133116018",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Annotation",
"OperationOrMethode",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
3080 | Dialectal variation in German 3-verb clusters | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1 The Typology 1.1 Object Placement 2 Treatment of StG in terms of LF Movement – with and without Head Movement 3 An OT-solution in terms of linearisation (‘LF-to-PF-Mapping’) 3.1 The trigger for additional orders: Focus 3.2 Competitions 3.3 Summary 4 RP 4.1 LF Movement – with and without Head Movement 4.2 The OT-account for RP 4.3 Competitions 5 Summary"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133116018",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
3086 | Spektrum Patholinguistik = Schwerpunktthema: Ein Kopf - Zwei Sprachen : Mehrsprachigkeit in Forschung und Therapie | deu | doc-type:PeriodicalPart | [
"\"Spektrum Patholinguistik\" (Band 2) ist der Tagungsband zum 2. Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik, das der Verband für Patholinguistik (vpl) e.V. am 22.11.2008 an der Universität Potsdam veranstaltet hat. Zum Schwerpunktthema \"Ein Kopf - Zwei Sprachen: Mehrsprachigkeit in Forschung und Therapie\" sind die drei Hauptvorträge und vier Abstracts von Posterpräsentationen veröffentlicht. Desweiteren enthält der Tagungsband freie Beiträge, u.a. zu Satzverarbeitung und Agrammatismus, Lesestrategien und LRS, Prosodie-Entwicklung, kindlichen Aphasien, Dysphagie-Therapie sowie zu kognitiven Defiziten bei älteren Menschen.",
"\"Spektrum Patholinguistik\" (vol. 2) contains the proceedings of the \"2nd Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik\" which was held at the University of Potsdam on November 22, 2008. Many talks and posters focused on bilingual language processing in normal and impaired speakers. The other contributions covered various topics, e.g. sentence processing and agrammatism, reading strategies and developmental dyslexia, language development, childhood aphasia, dysphagia therapy and cognitive skills in aging."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik",
"Verband für Patholinguistik e. V. (vpl)"
] | [
"bllo:Bilingual",
"bllo:bll-133114937",
"bllo:bll-133085465",
"bllo:Sentence"
] | [
[
"Bilingual",
"Zweisprachig"
],
[
"Plurilingualism",
"Mehrsprachigkeit"
],
[
"Childhood",
"Kindheit"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
]
] | [
[
"LingualityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
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"Constituent",
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"SyntacticPhenomenon"
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[
[
""
]
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[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
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[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
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3087 | Der Gebrauch von Fokusmarkierungen in der fremdsprachlichen Wortverarbeitung | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"There are many factors which make speaking and understanding a second language (L2) a highly complex challenge. Skills and competencies in in both linguistic and metalinguistic areas emerge as parts of a multi-faceted, flexible concept underlying bilingual/multilingual communication. On the linguistic level, a combination of an extended knowledge of idiomatic expressions, a broad lexical familiarity, a large vocabulary size, and the ability to deal with phonetic distinctions and fine phonetic detail has been argued necessary for effective nonnative comprehension of spoken language. The scientific interest in these factors has also led to more interest in the L2’s information structure, the way in which information is organised and packaged into informational units, both within and between clauses. On a practical level, the information structure of a language can offer the means to assign focus to a certain element considered important. Speakers can draw from a rich pool of linguistic means to express this focus, and listeners can in turn interpret these to guide them to the highlighted information which in turn facilitates comprehension, resulting in an appropriate understanding of what has been said. If a speaker doesn’t follow the principles of information structure, and the main accent in a sentence is placed on an unimportant word, then there may be inappropriate information transfer within the discourse, and misunderstandings. The concept of focus as part of the information structure of a language, the linguistic means used to express it, and the differential use of focus in native and nonnative language processing are central to this dissertation. Languages exhibit a wide range of ways of directing focus, including by prosodic means, by syntactic constructions, and by lexical means. The general principles underlying information structure seem to contrast structurally across different languages, and they can also differ in the way they express focus. In the context of L2 acquisition, characteristics of the L1 linguistic system are argued to influence the acquisition of the L2. Similarly, the conceptual patterns of information structure of the L1 may influence the organization of information in the L2. However, strategies and patterns used to exploit information structure for succesful language comprehension in the native L1, may not apply at all, or work in different ways or todifferent degrees in the L2. This means that L2 learners ideally have to understand the way that information structure is expressed in the L2 to fully use the information structural benefit in the L2. The knowledge of information structural requirements in the L2 could also imply that the learner would have to make adjustments regarding the use of information structural devices in the L2. The general question is whether the various means to mark focus in the learners’ native language are also accessible in the nonnative language, and whether a L1-L2 transfer of their usage should be considered desirable. The current work explores how information structure helps the listener to discover and structure the forms and meanings of the L2. The central hypothesis is that the ability to access information structure has an impact on the level of the learners’ appropriateness and linguistic competence in the L2. Ultimately, the ability to make use of information structure in the L2 is believed to underpin the L2 learners’ ability to effectively communicate in the L2. The present study investigated how use of focus markers affects processing speed and word recall recall in a native-nonnative language comparison. The predominant research question was whether the type of focus marking leads to more efficient and accurate word processing in marked structures than in unmarked structures, and whether differences in processing patterns can be observed between the two language conditions. Three perception studies were conducted, each concentrating on one of the following linguistic parameters: 1. Prosodic prominence: Does prosodic focus conveyed by sentence accent and by word position facilitate word recognition? 2. Syntactical means: Do cleft constructions result in faster and more accurate word processing? 3. Lexical means: Does focus conveyed by the particles even/only (German: sogar/nur) facilitate word processing and word recall? Experiments 2 and 3 additionally investigated the contribution of context in the form of preceding questions. Furthermore, they considered accent and its facilitative effect on the processing of words which are in the scope of syntactic or lexical focus marking. All three experiments tested German learners of English in a native German language condition and in English as their L2. Native English speakers were included as a control for the English language condition. Test materials consisted of single sentences, all dealing with bird life. Experiment 1 tested word recognition in three focus conditions (broad focus, narrow focus on the target, and narrow focus on a constituent than the target) in one condition using natural unmanipulated sentences, and in the other two conditions using spliced sentences. Experiment 2 (effect of syntactic focus marking) and Experiment 3 (effect of lexical focus marking) used phoneme monitoring as a measure for the speed of word processing. Additionally, a word recall test (4AFC) was conducted to assess the effective entry of target-bearing words in the listeners’ memory. Experiment 1: Focus marking by prosodic means Prosodic focus marking by pitch accent was found to highlight important information (Bolinger, 1972), making the accented word perceptually more prominent (Klatt, 1976; van Santen & Olive, 1990; Eefting, 1991; Koopmans-van Beinum & van Bergem, 1989). However, accent structure seems to be processed faster in native than in nonnative listening (Akker& Cutler, 2003, Expt. 3). Therefore, it is expected that prosodically marked words are better recognised than unmarked words, and that listeners can exploit accent structure better for accurate word recognition in their L1 than they do in the L2 (L1 > L2). Altogether, a difference in word recognition performance in L1 listening is expected between different focus conditions (narrow focus > broad focus). Results of Experiments 1 show that words were better recognized in native listening than in nonnative listening. Focal accent, however, doesn’t seem to help the German subjects recognize accented words more accurately, in both the L1 and the L2. This could be due to the focus conditions not being acoustically distinctive enough. Results of experiments with spliced materials suggest that the surrounding prosodic sentence contour made listeners remember a target word and not the local, prosodic realization of the word. Prosody seems to indeed direct listeners’ attention to the focus of the sentence (see Cutler, 1976). Regarding the salience of word position, VanPatten (2002; 2004) postulated a sentence location principle for L2 processing, stating a ranking of initial > final > medial word position. Other evidence mentions a processing adantage of items occurring late in the sentence (Akker & Cutler, 2003), and Rast (2003) observed in an English L2 production study a trend of an advantage of items occurring at the outer ends of the sentence. The current Experiment 1 aimed to keep the length of the sentences to an acceptable length, mainly to keep the task in the nonnative lnaguage condition feasable. Word length showed an effect only in combination with word position (Rast, 2003; Rast & Dommergues, 2003). Therefore, word length was included in the current experiment as a secondary factor and without hypotheses. Results of Experiment 1 revealed that the length of a word doesn’t seem to be important for its accurate recognition. Word position, specifically the final position, clearly seems to facilitate accurate word recognition in German. A similar trend emerges in condition English L2, confirming Klein (1984) and Slobin (1985). Results don’t support the sentence location principle of VanPatten (2002; 2004). The salience of the final position is interpreted as recency effect (Murdock, 1962). In addition, the advantage of the final position may benefit from the discourse convention that relevant background information is referred to first, and then what is novel later (Haviland & Clark, 1974). This structure is assumed to cue the listener as to what the speaker considers to be important information, and listeners might have reacted according to this convention. Experiment 2: Focus marking by syntactic means Atypical syntactic structures often draw listeners’ attention to certain information in an utterance, and the cleft structure as a focus marking device appears to be a common surface feature in many languages (Lambrecht, 2001). Surface structure influences sentence processing (Foss & Lynch, 1969; Langford & Holmes, 1979), which leads to competing hypotheses in Experiment 2: on the one hand, the focusing effect of the cleft construction might reduce processing times. On the other, cleft constructions in German were found to be used less to mark fo than in English (Ahlemeyer & Kohlhof, 1999; Doherty, 1999; E. Klein, 1988). The complexity of the constructions, and the experience from the native language might work against an advantage of the focus effect in the L2. Results of Experiment 2 show that the cleft structure is an effective device to mark focus in German L1. The processing advantage is explained by the low degree of structural markedness of cleft structures: listeners use the focus function of sentence types headed by the dummy subject es (English: it) due to reliance on 'safe' subject-prominent SVO-structures. The benefit of cleft is enhanced when the sentences are presented with context, suggesting a substantial benefit when focus effects of syntactic surface structure and coherence relation between sentences are integrated. Clefts facilitate word processing for English native speakers. Contrary to German L1, the marked cleft construction doesn’t reduce processing times in English L2. The L1-L2 difference was interpreted as a learner problem of applying specific linguistic structures according to the principles of information structure in the target language. Focus marking by cleft did not help German learners in native or in nonnative word recall. This could be attributed to the phonological similarity of the multiple choice options (Conrad & Hull, 1964), and to a long time span between listening and recall (Birch & Garnsey, 1995; McKoon et al., 1993). Experiment 3: Focus marking by lexical means Focus particles are elements of structure that can indicate focus (König, 1991), and their function is to emphasize a certain part of the sentence (Paterson et al., 1999). I argue that the focus particles even/only (German: sogar/nur) evoke contrast sets of alternatives resp. complements to the element in focus (Ni et al., 1996), which causes interpretations of context. Therefore, lexical focus marking isn’t expected to lead to faster word processing. However, since different mechanisms of encoding seem to underlie word memory, a benefit of the focusing function of particles is expected to show in the recall task: due to focus particles being a preferred and well-used feature for native speakers of German, a transfer of this habitualness is expected, resulting in a better recall of focused words. Results indicated that focus particles seem to be the weakest option to mark focus: Focus marking by lexical particle don’t seem to reduce word processing times in either German L1, English L2, or in English L1. The presence of focus particles is likely to instantiate a complex discourse model which lets the listener await further modifying information (Liversedge et al., 2002). This semantic complexity might slow down processing. There are no indications that focus particles facilitate native language word recall in German L1 and English L1. This could be because focus particles open sets of conditions and contexts that enlarge the set of representations in listeners rather than narrowing it down to the element in the scope of the focus particle. In word recall, the facilitative effect of focus particles emerges only in the nonnative language condition. It is suggested that L2 learners, when faced with more demanding tasks in an L2, use a broad variety of means that identify focus for a better representation of novel words in the memory. In Experiments 2 and 3, evidence suggests that accent is an important factor for efficient word processing and accurate recall in German L1 and English L1, but less so in English L2. This underlines the function of accent as core speech parameter and consistent cue to the perception of prominence native language use (see Cutler & Fodor, 1979; Pitt & Samuel, 1990a; Eriksson et al., 2002; Akker & Cutler, 2003); the L1-L2 difference is attributed to patterns of expectation that are employed in the L1 but not (yet?) in the L2. There seems to exist a fine-tuned sensitivity to how accents are distributed in the native language, listeners expect an appropriate distribution and interpret it accordingly (Eefting, 1991). This pleads for accent placement as extremely important to L2 proficiency; the current results also suggest that accent and its relationship with other speech parameters has to be newly established in the L2 to fully reveal its benefits for efficient processing of speech. There is evidence that additional context facilitates processing of complex syntactic structures but that a surplus of information has no effect if the sentence construction is less challenging for the listener. The increased amount of information to be processed seems to impede better word recall, particularly in the L2. Altogether, it seems that focus marking devices and context can combine to form an advantageous alliance: a substantial benefit in processing efficiency is found when parameters of focus marking and sentence coherence are integrated. L2 research advocates the beneficial aspects of providing context for efficient L2 word learning (Lawson & Hogben, 1996). The current thesis promotes the view that a context which offers more semantic, prosodic, or lexical connections might compensate for the additional processing load that context constitutes for the listeners. A methodological consideration concerns the order in which language conditions are presented to listeners, i.e., L1-L2 or L2-L1. Findings suggest that presentation order could enforce a learning bias, with the performance in the second experiment being influenced by knowledge acquired in the first (see Akker & Cutler, 2003). To conclude this work: The results of the present study suggest that information structure is more accessible in the native language than it is in the nonnative language. There is, however, some evidence that L2 learners have an understanding of the significance of some information-structural parameters of focus marking. This has a beneficial effect on processing efficiency and recall accuracy; on the cognitive side it illustrates the benefits and also the need of a dynamic exchange of information-structural organization between L1 and L2. The findings of the current thesis encourage the view that an understanding of information structure can help the learner to discover and categorise forms and meanings of the L2. Information structure thus emerges as a valuable resource to advance proficiency in a second language.",
"Das Sprechen und Verstehen einer Fremdsprache (L2) stellt eine komplexe Leistung für einen Nicht-Muttersprachler dar. Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten auf verschiedenen sprachlichen und außersprachlichen Ebenen wirken dabei zusammen, wie z.B. eine andere Grammatik, neue Lautbildungen in der Aussprache, der Aufbau von Wortschatz, und auch die Sensibilisierung für mögliche kulturell unterschiedliche Kommunikationsformen oder das Training kommunikativer Kompetenz. Eine wichtige Hilfe bei der muttersprachlichen wie der fremdsprachlichen Sprachverarbeitung bieten Mittel, mit denen sprachliche Information gegliedert wird, um sie verständlich zu machen. Die Informationsstruktur ermöglicht es, zum Beispiel den Fokus einer Äußerung zu markieren und damit Intentionen sprachlich zu vermitteln. In gesprochener Sprache sind es vor allem prosodische Mittel wie Satzakzent, die es dem Hörer ermöglichen, die wichtigen Informationen in der Äußerung herauszufinden. Aber auch durch die Verwendung unterschiedlicher grammatischer Strukturen oder durch besondere Wortwahl können Sprecher Satzteile markieren, die sie für besonders wichtig halten, und sie damit hervorheben. Wird die Informationsstruktur eines Satzes verletzt, indem zum Beispiel der Satzakzent auf ein eher unwichtiges Wort gelegt wird, kann der Gesprächspartner/die Gesprächspartnerin einen anderen Teil des Satzes als im Fokus stehend interpretieren als den vom Sprecher eigentlich intendierten Teil. Dies kann - in Kombination mit anderen Faktoren wie ungeschickter Wortwahl - zu Missverständnissen führen. Nun kann eine Sprache prosodische, syntaktische oder lexikalische Möglichkeiten der Markierung besitzen, die entweder in einer anderen Sprache nicht vorkommen, oder die andere Funktionen in Bezug auf die Interpretation von Äußerungen erfüllen, die in dieser Form in der jeweils anderen Sprache nicht existieren. Dies betrifft zum Beispiel Unterschiede zwischen Intonations- und Tonsprachen oder zwischen silbenzählenden und akzentzählenden Sprachen. Ruft der Fremdsprachenlerner die Strukturen sprachlicher Information in der Muttersprache (L1) ab und überträgt sie auf die Fremdsprache, kann dies bei gleicher informationsstruktureller Organisation der Sprache zu einer erfolgreichen Strategie des fremdsprachlichen Verstehens führen. Wird aber Informationsstruktur in der Fremdsprache mit anderen Mitteln als in der Muttersprache ausgedrückt, entsteht ein Spannungsfeld zwischen Verarbeitungsstrategien der Muttersprache und denen der Fremdsprache. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Rolle informationsstruktureller Parameter in der muttersprachlichen und fremdsprachlichen Sprachverarbeitung. Es wird untersucht, wie Fremdsprachenlerner Fokusmarkierung in der Muttersprache (hier: Deutsch) und in der Fremdsprache (hier: Englisch) zu effizienter Sprachverarbeitung nutzen. Das Ziel ist eine tiefere Einsicht, wie sich Informationsstruktur in der Fremdsprache erschließt; die grundlegende Annahme ist dabei, dass ein Verständnis und eine Sensibilisierung für Informationsstruktur dem Fremdsprachenlerner hilft, Form und Bedeutung von Sprache zu erkennen. Eine solche Einsicht in Informationsstruktur unterstützt die Erweiterung und Festigung fremdsprachlicher Kompetenz. Die Frage nach dem Gebrauch von Informationsstruktur in einer Fremdsprache wird in drei experimentellen Studien untersucht, die sich auf jeweils eines der folgenden sprachlichen Mittel zur Fokusmarkierung konzentrieren: 1. Prosodische Mittel der Fokusmarkierung: Unterstützen Satzakzent und Wortposition im Satz eine bessere Worterkennung? 2. Syntaktische Mittel der Fokusmarkierung: Ermöglicht die Konstruktion eines Spaltsatzes (Englisch: cleft) eine schnellere Verarbeitung des fokussierten Elements im Satz als eine kanonische Wortstellung, und kann sich der Hörer auch zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt noch besser an ein syntaktisch markiertes als an ein unmarkiertes Element erinnern? 3. Lexikalische Mittel der Fokusmarkierung: Bewirken Fokuspartikel (hier: nur/sogar) eine schnellere Verarbeitung des fokussierten Elements, und kann sich der Hörer auch zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt noch besser an das fokussierte als an das nicht-fokussierte Element erinnern? Zusätzlich wird in Experiment 2 und in Experiment 3 untersucht, welchen Einfluss einleitende Fragen haben, die zur Fokusmarkierung eines Elements im Folgesatz dienen. Außerdem wird nachgegangen, welche Rolle es spielt, wenn ein syntaktisch oder lexikalisch fokussiertes Element einen Tonhöheakzent bekommt oder wenn dieser auf dem vorangegangenen Adjektiv realisiert wird. Die Probanden sind deutsche Muttersprachler, die Englisch als Fremdsprache gelernt haben. In den Experimenten werden den Testpersonen jeweils Sprachaufnahmen von deutschen Sätzen und Aufnahmen von parallel dazu konstruierten englischen Sätzen dargeboten. Als Kontrollgruppe für den englischen Teil der Experimente werden englische Muttersprachler getestet, um Referenzdaten für die Ergebnisse der Fremdsprachenlerner zu erhalten. Die Experimente sind als Perzeptionsexperimente konzipiert. Experiment 1 (prosodische Fokusmarkierung) untersucht Worterkennung in drei Bedingungen mitunterschiedlichem Fokus (weiter und enger Fokus, enger Fokus auf anderem Satzelement als dem Zielwort), und zwei Bedingungen mit künstlich durch splicing verändertem Sprachmaterial. In Experiment 2 (syntaktische Fokusmarkierung) und Experiment 3 (lexikalische Fokusmarkierung) wird im Hörexperiment als Methode phoneme monitoring angewandt, wobei die Reaktionszeiten zum Erkennen des fokussierten Worts (welches ein vorher spezifiziertes Phonem enthält) gemessen werden. Im Anschluss an den Hörteil wird in diesen zwei Experimenten außerdem ein Erinnerungstest durchgeführt, bei dem die fokussierten Elemente mit einem Multiple-Choice-Verfahren (4AFC) noch einmal abgefragt werden und die Anzahl der richtigen Antworten gewertet wird. Zu 1.: Prosodische Mittel der Fokusmarkierung Akzentuierung ist ein Mittel, um im Satz wichtige Information hervorzuheben (Bolinger, 1972), was zu einer besseren Wahrnehmung solch akzentuierter Information führt (siehe z.B. van Santen & Olive, 1990; Eefting, 1991). Akzentstruktur scheint jedoch schneller in der L1 als in der L2 verarbeitet zu werden (Akker & Cutler, 2003). Es wird daher angenommen, dass in der L1 eine Fokusmarkierung durch Tonhöheakzent zu besserer Worterkennung eines solchermaßen markierten Wortes führt. Akzentstruktur sollte sich auch in der L2 erschließen, wenn auch in geringerem Maß (L1 > L2). Insgesamt wird ein unterschiedlich starker Fokuseffekt je nach Fokusbedingung erwartet (enger Fokus > weiter Fokus). Die Ergebnisse von Experiment 1 bestätigen, dass Worte in der Muttersprache besser erkannt werden als in der Fremdsprache. Ein unterschiedlicher, als Satzakzent realisierter Fokus hilft allerdings den Probanden weder in der Muttersprache noch in der Fremdssprache, fokussierte Worte schneller zu erkennen. Dies könnte auf ungenügende akustische Unterschiede in der Realisierung der unterschiedlichen Fokuskonditionen in den Sprachaufnahmen zurückzuführen sein. Die Experimente mit synthetisch, durch splicing manipuliertem Sprachmaterial ergeben, dass die umgebende Satzprosodie eher zur Worterkennung beiträgt als die einzelne Akzentmarkierung des Wortes (Cutler, 1976). Für die Salienz der Wortposition im Satz postulierte VanPatten (2004) für fremdsprachliche Wahrnehmung die Reihenfolge von initialer > finaler > medialer Position. Akker und Cutler (2003) erwähnen für L1 und L2 einen Verarbeitungsvorteil von später im Satz auftretenden Worten gegenüber früher Auftretenden. Des weiteren fand Rast (2003) in einer L2-Produktionsstudie einen Vorteil der äußeren Satzpositionen gegenüber der medialen Position. Im vorliegenden Experiment werden die Sätze vor allem wegen der fremdsprachlichen Testbedingung in akzeptabler Länge gehalten, was Aussagen über die Position an den äußeren Satzenden ermöglicht, aber weniger deutliche Effekte für die medial Position erwarten lässt. Wortlänge wurde als Nebenfaktor mit in das Experiment aufgenommen ohne eigenständige Hypothesen dafür zu formulieren. In einer früheren L2 Studie zeigte Wortlänge nur in Abhängigkeit zur Position des Wortes im Satz einen Effekt (Rast, 2003; Rast & Dommergues, 2003). Die Ergebnisse von Experiment 1 zeigen, dass die Länge der Zielworte keine entscheidende Rolle für deren korrekte Erkennung spielt. Die Wortposition im Satz, und hier besonders die finale Position, trägt jedoch entscheidend zur korrekten Worterkennung im Deutschen bei. Ein ähnlicher Trend zeigt sich für die Worterkennung in der Fremdsprache Englisch (siehe Klein, 1984; Slobin, 1985). Das Lokalitätsprinzip von VanPatten (2004) mit dem Verarbeitungsvorteil von initial > final > medial kann nicht bestätigt werden, und die besondere Salienz der finalen Position wird mit Murdock (1962) als recency effect erklärt. Außerdem könnte die finale Position von der Konvention für die Integration neuer Information profitieren: bekannte Information wird vor neuer Information genannt (Haviland & Clark, 1974). Hörer handeln nach dieser üblichen Diskursstruktur und richten ihre Aufmerksamkeit auf Information, die in finaler Position genannt wird. Zu 2.: Syntaktische Mittel der Fokusmarkierung Die Abweichung von kanonischer Satzstruktur lenkt die Aufmerksamkeit auf bestimmte Elemente im Satz, und der Spaltsatz ist in vielen Sprachen eine bekannte Art der Fokussierung (Lambrecht, 2001). Die Oberflächenstruktur eines Satzes beeinflusst seine Verarbeitung (Foss & Lynch, 1969; Langford & Holmes, 1979) und in Experiment 2 stehen zwei Hypothesen gegenüber: Der fokussierende Effekt von Spaltsätzen könnte einen Verarbeitungsvorteil bewirken. Andererseits sind Spaltsätze im Deutschen seltener und weniger gebräuchlich als im Englischen (Ahlemeyer & Kohlhof, 1999; Doherty, 1999; E. Klein, 1988); die syntaktische Komplexität von Spaltsätzen und die Erfahrung der Muttersprache könnten einem Verarbeitungsvorteil in Deutsch L1 und Englisch L2 entgegenwirken. Die Ergebnisse von Experiment 2 zeigen, dass der Spaltsatz ein effektives Mittel der Fokusmarkierung im Deutschen ist. Dies wird auf die geringe strukturelle Markiertheit des Ersatz-Subjekts ‚es’ zurückgeführt, da es an kanonischer, initialer Stelle steht. Die Prominenz dieses Subjekts setzt das nachfolgende Subjekt-Element in Fokus und verleiht ihm Subjekt-Prominenz. Der verarbeitungsfördernde Effekt von Spaltsätzen wird noch erhöht, wenn Oberflächenstruktur (Spaltsatz) und Satzzusammenhang (Kontext) integriert werden. Der Spaltsatz wird jedoch nicht in der Fremdsprache als ein effektives Mittel der Fokusmarkierung genutzt. Englische Muttersprachler nutzen den Fokuseffekt des Spaltsatzes zur schnellen Worterkennung, aber dieses informationsstrukturelle Mittel der L2 wird nicht von Fremdsprachenlernern erkannt und verwertet. Dies wird als Lernerproblem interpretiert: linguistische Strukturen der Muttersprache werden nicht adäquat nach informationsstrukturellen Prinzipien in der Fremdsprache angewandt. Der Spaltsatz trägt weder im Deutschen noch im Englischen zu einer besseren Erinnerungsleistung bei. Das kann zum einen an der starken phonologischen Ähnlichkeit der im Test angebotenen Antwortoptionen liegen (Conrad & Hull, 1964); zum anderen kann es mit der Zeitspanne zusammenhängen, die zwischen Hörexperiment und Erinnerungstest liegen und die die Erinnerung an ein bestimmtes Wort zu sehr erschwert (Birch & Garnsey, 1995; McCoon et.al., 1993). Zu 3.: Lexikalische Mittel der Fokusmarkierung Fokuspartikel sind Exponenten von Fokusstruktur und sie markieren Satzelemente (König, 1991; Paterson et al., 1999). Die untersuchten Fokuspartikel evozieren Kontrast und Alternativmengen zu dem fokussierten Element, was Interpretationen von Kontext bewirkt (Ni et al., 1996; Liversedge et al., 2002). Von daher wird keine schnellere Verarbeitung von fokussierten Worten erwartet. Ihre förderliche Eigenschaft zeigt sich jedoch in der Erinnerungsleistung, da sich dieser Prozess auf andere Erschließungsmechanismen zu stützen scheint: es wird erwartet, dass der bevorzugte Gebrauch von lexikalischen Mitteln zur Fokusmarkierung im Deutschen (König, 1991; Ahlemeyer & Kohlhof, 1999) sich positiv auf die Erinnerung von fokussierten Worten auswirkt. Die Fokuspartikel nur und sogar in Experiment 3 erweisen sich in der Experimentreihe als schwächste Exponenten von Fokusmarkierung: Weder im Deutschen noch in Englischen als Fremdsprache noch in der englischen Kontrollgruppe bewirken diese Fokuspartikel eine schnellere Verarbeitung des fokussierten Elements. Dies erklärt sich durch die Eigenschaft von Fokuspartikeln, eine Menge an Alternativen zu evozieren und dadurch beim Hörer komplexe Diskursmodelle anzuregen, die sowohl das Element in Fokus als auch Alternativen dazu beinhalten (siehe Ni et al., 1996; Liversedge et al., 2002). Verarbeitung und Interpretation der Fokusstruktur benötigen dann einen erhöhten Zeitaufwand. Im Erinnerungstest kommt der Fokuseffekt nur in der fremdsprachlichen Testbedingung zum Tragen: Werden Lerner hinsichtlich mit hinsichtlich ihrer L2-Fertigkeit anspruchsvollen Situationen konfrontiert, wird Fokusstruktur zu einer besseren Repräsentation in der Erinnerung genutzt. Übergreifend zeigt sich aus Experiment 2 und Experiment 3, dass ein zusätzlicher Satzakzent in Sätzen mit syntaktischer oder lexikalischer Fokusmarkierung in muttersprachlichem Deutsch und Englisch genutzt wird, aber in der Fremdsprache nicht gleichermaßen effektiv verarbeitet wird. Ein bedeutender Parameter wie Tonhöheakzent wird in der Fremdsprache scheinbar weniger genutzt, wenn gleichzeitig andere Mittel der Markierung auftreten. Vor allem deutet dieser Effekt jedoch auf eine weitaus differenziertere Wahrnehmung und Interpretation von Tonhöheakzent in der Muttersprache hin. Des weiteren scheint die Reihenfolge, in der die Testsprachen den Probanden angeboten werden (L1-L2,oder L2-L1) von Bedeutung zu sein, da ein Lerneffekt aus der ersten Testsprache die Leistung in der zweiten Testsprache beeinflussen kann. Dies erschwert die Erhebung vergleichbarer Daten für zwei Sprachen von derselben Probandengruppe (siehe Akker & Cutler, 2003). Im Hinblick auf die Auswirkungen von Kontext auf die Wortverarbeitung weisen die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass vorangestellte Fragen dem Fremdsprachenlerner nur bedingt Hilfe bei der zügigen Verarbeitung von z.B. schwierigeren Satzkonstruktionen bieten. Zusätzlicher Kontext scheint außerdem die Erinnerungsleistung zu erschweren, vor allem in der Fremdsprache. Sowohl in der Fremdsprachenforschung als auch in der Fremdsprachendidaktik hat die Einbettung in einen Kontext bei dem Erlernen von Worten eine große Bedeutung (Lawson & Hogben, 1996). Es wird dahingehend argumentiert, dass eine Form von Kontext, die mehr semantische, prosodische oder lexikalische Verbindungen schafft, den zusätzlichen Verarbeitungsaufwand kompensieren müsste. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit weisen darauf hin, dass sich Informationsstruktur eher in der Muttersprache als in der Fremdsprache erschließt. Einzelne informationsstrukturelle Parameter werden jedoch sehr wohl von den Fremdsprachenlernern erfolgreich ausgewertet, was sich in einer schnelleren und nachhaltigeren sprachlichen Verarbeitung äußert. Auf der kognitiven Ebene zeigt die vorliegende Arbeit die vorteilhafte Wirkung auf, wenn Informationsstruktur von Mutter- und Fremdsprache in dynamischem Austausch stehen. Die Ergebnisse bestärken die Annahme, dass ein Verständnis von Informationsstruktur dem Fremdsprachenlerner helfen kann, Form und Bedeutung der Fremdsprache zu erkennen. Informationsstruktur erweist sich als potentiell wertvolle Ressource in der Entwicklung und Stärkung fremdsprachlicher Kompetenz."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
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"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-202330354",
"bllo:bll-133073564"
] | [
[
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"Adjektiv"
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[
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"Spaltsatz"
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[
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"Komplexität"
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[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
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"Komplexität"
],
[
"Vocabulary",
"Wortschatz"
],
[
"Load",
"Ladung"
],
[
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"Gesprochene Sprache"
],
[
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"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"Sentence types",
"Satzarten"
],
[
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"Fokuspartikel"
],
[
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"Kontrollbeziehung"
],
[
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[
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"Arbeit"
],
[
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"Wortlänge"
],
[
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"Kommunikation"
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[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
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"Wortlänge"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
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"More"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
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"Partikelwörterbuch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Concept",
"Konzept"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
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"Initiale"
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[
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[
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[
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"Wissen"
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[
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[
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[
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[
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"Wahrnehmung"
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[
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"Scopus"
],
[
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"Segment"
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[
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"Spaltsatzkonstruktion"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Distribution",
"Distribution"
],
[
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"Partikel"
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[
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"Linguistisches System"
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[
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"Informationsstruktur"
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[
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"Leben"
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[
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"Markiertheit"
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[
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"Nun"
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[
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"Form"
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[
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"Wahrnehmung"
],
[
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"Wort"
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[
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[
"Vocabulary",
"Wortschatz"
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[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Focus particle",
"Fokuspartikel"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Verbal behaviour",
"Sprechen"
],
[
"Comparison",
"Komparation"
]
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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"bll-133073661",
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[
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[
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"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
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"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
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"Konstituente"
],
[
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"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
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"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
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[
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[
[
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[
[
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],
[
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"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
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"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
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"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Particle",
"Partikel"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
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"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
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"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
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[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
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"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Abbreviation",
"Abkürzung"
],
[
"Residual",
"Restkategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic construction",
"Syntaktische Konstruktion"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Grassfields languages",
"Grassfields-Sprachen"
],
[
"Southern Bantoid",
"Süd-Bantoid"
],
[
"Bantoid languages",
"Bantoid-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Particle",
"Partikel"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
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"LexicalPhenomenon",
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"SyntacticPhenomenon",
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"LexicalPhenomenon",
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"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
""
] |
3088 | Mehrsprachigkeit in der frühen Kindheit | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Inhalt: - 1. Mythos Mehrsprachigkeit - 2. „Ein Kopf – ein Chor“: Sprachmischung bei bilingualen Sprechern - 3. Doppelter Erstspracherwerb (2L1) - 4. Früher L2-Erwerb - 5. Quellen im Text - 6. Literaturempfehlungen von Prof. Dr. Rosemarie Tracy"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Text",
"bllo:bll-133114937"
] | [
[
"Text",
"Text"
],
[
"Plurilingualism",
"Mehrsprachigkeit"
]
] | [
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
3089 | Zwei Sprachen = Zwei Systeme? | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Inhalt: 1. Einführung 1.1 Methoden zur Untersuchung sprachlicher Fähigkeiten 1.2 Die Anfänge der Erforschung von Mehrsprachigkeit 2. Funktionelle Bildgebung 2.1 Einfluss des Erwerbsalters 2.2 Einfluss der Sprachkompetenz 3. Elektrophysiologische Daten 3.1 Einfluss des Erwerbsalters 3.2 Einfluss der Sprachkompetenz 4. Neurokognitive Modelle 4.1 Lexikalisch-semantische Modelle 4.2 Lexikalisch-Grammatikalisches Modell 4.3 Implizit-Explizites Modell 5. Schlussfolgerung 6. Literatur"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133114937"
] | [
[
"Plurilingualism",
"Mehrsprachigkeit"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
3090 | Zur Förderung und Therapie der Sprache bei Mehrsprachigkeit | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Inhalt: 1. Einführung 2. Sprachförderung von mehrsprachigen Kindern 2.1 Sprachfördermaßnahmen 2.2 Qualitätskriterien bei einer Sprachförderung 3. Sprachdiagnostik 3.1 Sprachtherapie mehrsprachiger Kinder 3.2 Differentialdiagnostik 4. Zusammenfassung 5. Literatur"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
3091 | Die Entwicklung des Prosodischen Wortes im Deutschen | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Inhalt: 1. Einleitung 2. Hintergrund 2.1 Die prosodische Organisation des Deutschen 2.2 Implikationen für den Erwerb der Wortprosodie im Deutschen 3. Methode 3.1 Datenerhebung 3.2 Empirische Analyse 4. Ergebnisse: Die Entwicklung des Prosodischen Wortes im Deutschen 5. Analyse der empirischen Daten 5.1 Grundannahmen 5.2 Analyse der Entwicklungsstufen 6. Zusammenfassung und Diskussion 7. Literatur"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
3092 | Zum Einfluss von Lesestrategien auf Effekte der kognitiven Kontrolle | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Inhalt: 1. Einleitung 1.1 Blickbewegungen beim Lesen 1.2 Kognitive Kontrolle und verteilte Verarbeitung 2. Fragestellungen und Hypothesen 3. Methoden 3.1 Probanden 3.2 Material 3.3 Durchführung und Auswertung 4. Ergebnisse 4.1 Unterschiede in Effekten der Wortvorhersagbarkeit 4.2 Unterschiede in Effekten der Wortfrequenz 5. Diskussion 6. Literatur"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133124533"
] | [
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
3094 | Therapie bei tracheotomierten Patienten mit schwerer Dysphagie | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Inhalt: 1. Einleitung 2. Fragestellungen 3. Methoden 3.1 Methodisches Vorgehen: Interdisziplinäre Trachealkanülenentwöhnung und Dekanülierungsentscheidung im Basler Ansatz 3.2 Methodisches Vorgehen: Probanden und Messverfahren 4. Ergebnisse 4.1 Effektivität und Effizienz des multidisziplinären Ansatzes: Dekanülierungs- und Komplikationsraten und Therapiedauer bis zur Dekanülierung 4.2 Einfluss der Dekanülierung auf den Rehabilitationsverlauf funktioneller Fähigkeiten: Vergleich der funktionellen Selbständigkeit vor vs. nach der Dekanülierung 4.3 Entwicklung der Schluckfunktion und oralen Nahrungsaufnahme nach der Dekanülierung 5. Diskussion 6. Fazit 7. Literatur 8. Danksagung"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
3448 | Zum Verstehen figurativer Sprache : elektrophysiologische Studien zur Verarbeitung von Ironie | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Diese Dissertation untersucht das Verstehen figurativer Sprache, im Besonderen die zeitliche Verarbeitung von verbaler Ironie. In sechs Experimenten wurde mittels ereignis-korrelierter Potentiale (EKP) die Gehirnaktivität beim Verstehen ironischer Äußerungen im Vergleich zu entsprechenden nicht-ironischen Äußerungen gemessen und analysiert. Darüberhinaus wurde der Einfluss verschiedener sprachbegleitender Hinweisreize, z.B. von Prosodie oder der Verwendung von Satzzeichen, sowie außersprachlicher Hinweisreize, wie bspw. pragmatischen Wissens, auf das Ironieverstehen untersucht. Auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse werden verschiedene psycholinguistische Modelle figurativer Sprachverarbeitung, d.h. 'standard pragmatic model', 'graded salience hypothesis', sowie 'direct access view', diskutiert.",
"This dissertation investigates the comprehension of figurative language, in particular the temporal processing of verbal irony. In six experiments using event-related potentials(ERP) brain activity during the comprehension of ironic utterances in relation to equivalent non-ironic utterances was measured and analyzed. Moreover, the impact of various language-accompanying cues, e.g., prosody or the use of punctuation marks, as well as non-verbal cues such as pragmatic knowledge has been examined with respect to the processing of irony. On the basis of these findings different models on figurative language comprehension, i.e., the 'standard pragmatic model', the 'graded salience hypothesis', and the 'direct access view', are discussed."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern",
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:bll-133108805",
"bllo:bll-133108805",
"bllo:bll-133073319",
"bllo:AccessTypeFeature"
] | [
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"Irony",
"Ironie"
],
[
"Irony",
"Ironie"
],
[
"Punctuation",
"Zeichensetzung"
],
[
"Access",
"Zugriff"
]
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"bll-133073661",
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[
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[
[
"Graphemic phenomenon",
"Graphemisches Phänomen"
]
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[
""
]
]
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"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"",
"GraphemicPhenomenon",
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] |
3502 | Sprachwandel und Entwicklungstendenzen als Themen im Deutschunterricht | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Der Sammelband beinhaltet 10 Beiträge zu den Themen „Sprachwandel“ und „Entwicklungstendenzen“ aus sprachdidaktischer Sicht. Es werden Anregungen gegeben zur Behandlung der Themen im Unterricht speziell in der Sekundarstufe II. Die Autoren sind Linguisten oder Didaktiker für das Fach Deutsch. Dem Band liegt ein weites Verständnis von Sprachwandel zugrunde. Behandelt werden Erscheinungen des Wandels aus den Bereichen Wortschatz, Orthografie, Grammatik, Text, Diskurs und Varietäten. Alle Beiträge enthalten kurze theoretische und begriffliche Hintergründe zum jeweiligen Thema und einen Materialteil mit im Unterricht nutzbaren Texten, Beispielen und Aufgaben.",
"The present volume is a collection of 10 papers dealing with the subject of language change in German from a language teaching perspective. The contributions come from linguists and experienced professionals involved in teacher education and offer a rich variety of stimulating ideas and practical suggestions for the language classroom. The underlying concept of language change is a broad one, ranging from lexis, grammar and orthography to text, discourse and varieties. All contributions give a brief overview of the theoretical background followed by sections containing teaching materials for classroom use (i.e. texts, examples, exercises)."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133071669",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-13307367X",
"bllo:bll-133101037",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:Text"
] | [
[
"Language teaching",
"Sprachunterricht"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Vocabulary",
"Wortschatz"
],
[
"Concept",
"Konzept"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Text",
"Text"
]
] | [
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"ResearchTopic",
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],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
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"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
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"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
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"SyntacticPhenomenon"
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"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
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"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
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"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
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[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
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"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
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"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
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"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
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"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
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"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
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[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
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[
""
]
]
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"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
3511 | On natural and probabilisic effects during acquisition of morphophonemic alternations | eng | doc-type:masterThesis | [
"The acquisition of phonological alternations consists of many aspects as discussions in the relevant literature show. There are contrary findings about the role of naturalness. A natural process is grounded in phonetics; they are easy to learn, even in second language acquisition when adults have to learn certain processes that do not occur in their native language. There is also evidence that unnatural – arbitrary – rules can be learned. Current work on the acquisition of morphophonemic alternations suggests that their probability of occurrence is a crucial factor in acquisition. I have conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of naturalness as well as of probability of occurrence with 80 adult native speakers of German. It uses the Artificial Grammar paradigm: Two artificial languages were constructed, each with a particular alternation. In one language the alternation is natural (vowel harmony); in the other language the alternation is arbitrary (a vowel alternation depends on the sonorancy of the first consonant of the stem). The participants were divided in two groups, one group listened to the natural alternation and the other group listened to the unnatural alternation. Each group was divided into two subgroups. One subgroup then was presented with material in which the alternation occurred frequently and the other subgroup was presented with material in which the alternation occurred infrequently. After this exposure phase every participant was asked to produce new words during the test phase. Knowledge about the language-specific alternation pattern was needed to produce the forms correctly as the phonological contexts demanded certain alternants. The group performances have been compared with respect to the effects of naturalness and probability of occurrence. The natural rule was learned more easily than the unnatural one. Frequently presented rules were not learned more easily than the ones that were presented less frequently. Moreover, participants did not learn the unnatural rule at all, whether this rule was presented frequently or infrequently did not matter. There was a tendency that the natural rule was learned more easily if presented frequently than if presented infrequently, but it was not significant due to variability across participants.",
"Suffixe, die an Wortstämme angehängt werden, tragen grammatische Informationen. Bei Verben wird dabei die Person, Numerus, Tempus, Modus und Genus Verbi angezeigt, bei Nomen Kasus, Numerus und Genus. Durch phonologische Kontexte bedingt kann eine solche morphologische Markierung ihre Gestalt ändern und unterschiedliche Oberflächenformen annehmen. Die dabei entstandenen Allomorphe werden durch regelbasierte Prozesse von dem zugrunde liegenden Morphem abgeleitet. Es zeigt sich, dass der Erwerb morphophonemischer Alternationen ein aufwendiger und schwieriger Lernprozess ist. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich nun mit Faktoren, die den Erwerb der Alternationen positiv beeinflussen können. Zum einen wird der Faktor Natürlichkeit, zum anderen der Faktor Auftretenshäufigkeit diskutiert. Trotz einiger widersprüchlicher Evidenzen bezüglich des ersten Faktors hat sich in der neueren Forschung herausgestellt, dass ein natürlicher Prozess leichter zu lernen ist als ein unnatürlicher. Oft konnte ein Vorteil der natürlichen gegenüber den unnatürlichen Prozessen festgestellt werden. Allerdings zeigt sich dieser Umstand nicht immer – dann wiederum zeigt sich kein Vorteil gegenüber einem der beiden Prozesse. Die Ursachen dafür sind in der Methode oder der Herangehensweise zu suchen. Mache Methode scheint nicht sensitiv genug zu sein, den Vorteil aufzudecken, und manche Studien gehen unterschiedlich an die generelle Frage heran, was denn überhaupt ein natürlicher Prozess ist. Unter Berücksichtigung der einschlägigen Literatur habe ich Charakteristika eines typisch natürlichen Prozesses herausgearbeitet und damit die definitorische Grundlage für die empirische Untersuchung derselben bestimmt. Die Auftretenshäufigkeit eines Prozesses scheint auch ein entscheidender Faktor für den Erwerbsprozess zu sein. Dabei wird der Prozess leichter gelernt, der frequent im Input vorliegt, wohingegen ein Prozess schwieriger zu lernen ist, je weniger häufig er vorkommt. In verschiedenen Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass die bloße Verteilung eines Musters in Wörtern bzw. im Lexikon schon ausreichen kann, zugrunde liegende Repräsentationen zu formen. Dabei ist immer das frequentere Muster das zuverlässigere. Anhand einer experimentellen Studie habe ich beide Faktoren direkt miteinander verglichen. Es wurde die Lernbarkeit einer natürlichen künstlichen Sprache mit der einer unnatürlichen künstlichen Sprache verglichen. Die Sprachen unterschieden sich lediglich in der Regel, nach der eines von zwei Pluralmorphemen ausgewählt werden musste, wobei die natürliche Sprache nach Vokalharmonie alternierte und die unnatürliche Sprache nach einer arbiträren Regel. In zwei Hauptgruppen wurde 80 erwachsenen Deutschen entweder die eine oder die andere Sprache präsentiert. In jeder Gruppe wurde die Hälfte der Probanden häufig (zu 50%) mit der Alternation konfrontiert, die andere Hälfte infrequent (zu 25%). Nach der Familiarisierungsphase ohne expliziten Lernauftrag war die Aufgabe aller Probanden, von neuen Wörtern der Sprache(n) den Plural zu bilden. Die Analyse der Reaktionen ergab einen Effekt der Natürlichkeit, aber keinen der Auftretenshäufigkeit: Die natürliche Sprache war deutlich besser zu lernen als die unnatürliche. Die Auftretenshäufigkeit in beiden Sprachen führte zu keinem signifikanten Unterschied. Kein einziger von den 40 Probanden, die die unnatürliche Regel präsentiert bekamen, hat die Regel für die entsprechende Alternation gelernt. Es zeigt sich jedoch eine Tendenz bei den Probanden, die die natürliche Sprache erlernen sollten: Diejenigen scheinen einen Vorteil zu haben, die häufiger die Alternation während der Familiarisierungsphase hören. Aber auch unter den Probanden, die mit der natürlichen Sprache konfrontiert wurden, zeigten einige gar keinen Lernerfolg, weshalb ich vermute, dass wegen der großen Varianz in den Daten die Auftretenshäufigkeit als einflussreicher Faktor empirisch nicht belegt werden konnte. Zusammenfassend konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass das Lernen der Alternationen sehr stark von einem bias für Natürlichkeit beeinflusst wird. Allein mit der distributionellen Analyse der verschiedenen Pluralendungen hätte der Vorteil für die Alternation der natürlichen Sprache nicht erklärt werden können."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133076873",
"bllo:bll-133127788",
"bllo:bll-133072959",
"bllo:bll-133089762",
"bllo:bll-133072991",
"bllo:VoiceFeature",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:PersonFeature",
"bllo:NumberFeature",
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:GenderFeature",
"bllo:bll-133072576",
"bllo:MoodFeature",
"bllo:bll-133071456",
"bllo:bll-133073017",
"bllo:TenseFeature",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:CaseFeature",
"bllo:bll-133120244",
"bllo:bll-133113639",
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:Noun",
"bllo:bll-133071235",
"bllo:Plural",
"bllo:bll-366640542",
"bllo:bll-133073378",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-133127788",
"bllo:Even",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-13308275X",
"bllo:bll-133120244",
"bllo:bll-133077136"
] | [
[
"Alternation",
"Alternation"
],
[
"Vowel harmony",
"Vokalharmonie"
],
[
"Vowel",
"Vokal"
],
[
"War",
"Krieg"
],
[
"Vowel alternation",
"Vokalwechsel"
],
[
"Voice feature",
"Genus verbi"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Person feature",
"Person"
],
[
"Number feature",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Gender feature",
"Genus"
],
[
"Phonetics",
"Phonetik"
],
[
"Mood feature",
"Modus"
],
[
"Artificial languages",
"Plansprachen"
],
[
"Consonant",
"Konsonant"
],
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Rule",
"Regel"
],
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
],
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"Noun",
"Nomen"
],
[
"Language acquisition",
"Spracherwerb"
],
[
"Plural",
"Plural"
],
[
"Nun",
"Nun"
],
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Vowel harmony",
"Vokalharmonie"
],
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Second language acquisition",
"Zweitspracherwerb"
],
[
"Rule",
"Regel"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133072991",
"bll-133074889",
"PhonologicalProcess",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"bll-133078280"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074889",
"PhonologicalProcess",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"AgreementFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"AgreementFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"AgreementFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LinguisticRule",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"NumberFeature",
"AgreementFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-206064306",
"SouthernBantoid",
"bll-264764609",
"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
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"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133072991",
"bll-133074889",
"PhonologicalProcess",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"bll-133078280"
],
[
"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LinguisticRule",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Vowel alternation",
"Vokalwechsel"
],
[
"Phoneme alternation",
"Phonemwechsel"
],
[
"Phonological process",
"Phonologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Assimilation",
"Assimilation"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phoneme alternation",
"Phonemwechsel"
],
[
"Phonological process",
"Phonologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Agreement feature",
"Kongruenz"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Agreement feature",
"Kongruenz"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Agreement feature",
"Kongruenz"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Linguistic rule",
"Linguistische Regel"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Number feature",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Agreement feature",
"Kongruenz"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Grassfields languages",
"Grassfields-Sprachen"
],
[
"Southern Bantoid",
"Süd-Bantoid"
],
[
"Bantoid languages",
"Bantoid-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Vowel alternation",
"Vokalwechsel"
],
[
"Phoneme alternation",
"Phonemwechsel"
],
[
"Phonological process",
"Phonologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Assimilation",
"Assimilation"
]
],
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Linguistic rule",
"Linguistische Regel"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
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"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
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"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
360 | Tricky accusative : age-related differences in comprehension of sentences with different syntactical structure | deu | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"In dieser Arbeit wird in mehreren Experimenten untersucht, wie gut junge und alte Erwachsene Sätze mit unterschiedlich komplexer syntaktischer Struktur verstehen können. Zentrales Thema dabei sind die Schwierigkeiten, die ältere Erwachsene mit der Objekt-vor-Subjekt-Wortstellung haben. Untersucht wird, inwiefern diese beobachteten Altersunterschiede durch eine reduzierte verbale Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität der älteren Erwachsenen erklärt werden können. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, ob die Defizite ein generelles verbales Arbeitsgedächtnis betreffen oder ob es ein eigenes Verarbeitungs-system für syntaktische Informationen gibt, dessen Kapazität mit dem Alter abnimmt. Es wurde versucht, die postulierte reduzierte Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität der älteren Erwachsenen an jungen Erwachsenen zu simulieren, indem deren Arbeitsgedächtniska-pazität durch eine Zusatzaufgabe künstlich eingeschränkt wurde. Weiterhin wurden die Altersunterschiede bei syntaktisch komplexen zentraleingebetteten Relativsätzen mit denen bei syntaktisch einfacheren koordinierten Hauptsätzen verglichen. Um die Studienteilnehmer mit den seltenen objektinitialen Strukturen zu konfrontieren und ihre Erfahrung mit solchen Sätzen zu verändern, wurden schließlich sowohl junge als auch alte Erwachsene mit Sätzen mit Objekt-vor-Subjekt-Wortstellung trainiert.",
"In this paper several experiments about age differences in comprehension of sentences with different syntactical structure are reported. The main focus is on the difficulties old adults experience when a sentence starts with an object. Can the age differences be explained by differences in working memory capacity? Have old adults less working memory capacity, or does there exist a separate working memory for syntactic information which declines with age? In an age simulation, young adults working memory capacity was reduced by an additional digit load. Age differences in comprehension of syntactical complex sentences were compared with age differences in sentences with less complex syntactical structure. To change their experience with the rare object initial word order participants were trained with object initial sentences."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Gerontologie",
"Psycholinguistik",
"Arbeitsgedächtnis",
"Department Psychologie"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133087042",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133090361",
"bllo:Digit",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-217289088",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133077136"
] | [
[
"Old age",
"Alter"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Load",
"Ladung"
],
[
"Digit",
"Zahlzeichen"
],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Initial",
"Initiale"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Abbreviation",
"Residual",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Abbreviation",
"Abkürzung"
],
[
"Residual",
"Restkategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
3625 | The multimodal display of sympathy in storytellings | deu | doc-type:masterThesis | [
"In dieser konversationsanalytisch-interaktionslinguistischen Arbeit werden verbale, para-verbale und nonverbale Ressourcen zur Darstellung des Affekts Mitleid im Rahmen der sozialen Aktivität Erzählung untersucht. Grundlage der Analyse sind Video- und Audiodaten deutscher Gespräche. Es wird einerseits aufgezeigt, welche Ressourcen von Erzählerinnen eingesetzt werden, um affektive Reaktionen relevant zu machen (z.B. Blickverhalten, Augenbrauenbewegungen, rhetorische Mittel), andererseits wird beschrieben, welche spezifischen Ressourcen zur Darstellung von Mitleid eingesetzt werden (z.B. Interjektionen mit spezifischen Tonhöhenverläufen, „arme/r/s + S“-Konstruktionen, Handbewegungen). Es wird zudem demonstriert, dass es sich bei der Darstellung von Mitleid um ein interaktiv hergestelltes, soziales Phänomen handelt. Anhand des metakommunikativen Wissens der Sprecher, das sprachlich relevant gemacht wird und somit für die Analyse zugänglich ist, kann eine grundlegende soziale Regel zur Darstellung von Mitleid herausgearbeitet werden: Voraussetzung für Mitleid bzw. seine Darstellung ist eine spezifische Qualität der sozialen Beziehung zu der ‚consequential figure‘ (Maynard 1997). Nur wenn diese vorhanden ist bzw. interaktiv hergestellt wird, kann eine Mitleidsdarstellung in einer Erzählung über problematische Themen relevant gemacht werden und der lokalen Herstellung von sozialer Nähe zwischen den Gesprächsteilnehmern dienen.",
"The thesis explores the verbal, para-verbal and nonverbal resources which speakers deploy in everyday conversation to display sympathy in the course of the social activity storytelling. The analysis draws upon Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics and is based on video and audio data of German talk-in-interaction. It will be shown which resources can be used by storytellers to make affective reactions relevant (e.g. gaze, eye brow movements, rhetorical devices) and which resources are deployed by recipients to display sympathy (e.g. interjections with specific pitch contours, ‘poor+N’-constructions, hand gestures). It will also be demonstrated how participants manage the transition from problematic phases of storytelling to subsequent talk, e.g. by contextualizing it as more humorous. Furthermore, participants provide access to their meta-communicative knowledge of when and how to display sympathy appropriately by making it linguistically relevant in the interaction. Thus, from these observations, it is possible to assume certain feeling and/or display rules for this specific kind of emotive involvement. The overall findings of this study are that a) it seems that a specific quality of the relationship to the ‘consequential figure’ (Maynard 1997) is a prerequisite for displaying sympathy, and b) social closeness may be created locally within the interaction through the affect display."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133092887",
"bllo:bll-133120244",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:AccessTypeFeature",
"bllo:Audio",
"bllo:Video"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Affect",
"Affekt"
],
[
"Rule",
"Regel"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Access",
"Zugriff"
],
[
"Audio",
"Audio"
],
[
"Video",
"Video"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LinguisticRule",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Linguistic rule",
"Linguistische Regel"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
3636 | Lesestrategien und Blickbewegungen : wie Lesestrategien Effekte der verteilten Verarbeitung und der okulomotorischen Kontrolle modulieren | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Throughout its empirical research history eye movement research has always been aware of the differences in reading behavior induced by individual differences and task demands. This work introduces a novel comprehensive concept of reading strategy, comprising individual differences in reading style and reading skill as well as reader goals. In a series of sentence reading experiments recording eye movements, the influence of reading strategies on reader- and word-level effects assuming distributed processing has been investigated. Results provide evidence for strategic, top-down influences on eye movement control that extend our understanding of eye guidance in reading.",
"Seit Beginn der Blickbewegungsforschung beim Lesen ist man sich über Unterschiede im Blickverhalten bewusst, die im Zusammenhang mit individuellen Unterschieden oder Aufgabenanforderungen stehen. Unter dem Begriff ‚Lesestrategie’ wurden diese Unterschiede hauptsächlich für diagnostische Zwecke verwendet. Diese Studie verwendet eine neue, umfassende Definition von Lesestrategie und berücksichtigt sowohl individuelle Unterschiede in Lesestil und Lesevermögen als auch Ziel und Intention des Lesers. In einer Reihe von Satzleseexperimenten, bei denen die Blickbewegungen aufgezeichnet wurden, wurde der Einfluss von Lesestrategien auf Effekte der Leser-und Wortebene untersucht, wobei eine verteilte Verarbeitung beim Lesen angenommen wird. Die Ergebnisse liefern Evidenzen für strategische, top-down Einflüsse auf die Blickbewegungen und leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag für das bessere Verständnis der Blickbewegungskontrolle beim Lesen."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften"
] | [
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133101010",
"bllo:bll-133101037",
"bllo:bll-133111547",
"bllo:bll-133102203",
"bllo:bll-133116018",
"bllo:bll-133077136"
] | [
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Notion",
"Begriff"
],
[
"Concept",
"Konzept"
],
[
"Control",
"Kontrollbeziehung"
],
[
"Man",
"Mann"
],
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
]
] | [
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
3676 | Kiezdeutsch as a test case for the interaction between grammar and information structure | eng | doc-type:book | [
"This paper deals with Kiezdeutsch, a way of speaking that emerged among adolescents in multiethnic urban neighbourhoods of Germany. We show that, in Kiezdeutsch, we find evidence for both grammatical reduction and new developments in the domain of information structure, and hypothesise that this points to a systematic interaction between grammar and information structure, between weakened grammatical constraints and a more liberal realisation of information-structural preferences. We show that Kiezdeutsch can serve as an interesting test case for such an interaction, that this youth language is a multiethnolect, that is, a new variety that is spoken by speakers from a multitude of ethnic backgrounds, including German, and forms a dynamic linguistic system of its own, thus allowing for systematic developments on grammatical levels and their interfaces with extragrammatical domains."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Sonderforschungsbereich 632 - Informationsstruktur"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:LinguisticSystem"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
3749 | Die sanfte Offensive : Untersuchungen zur Verwendung politischer Euphemismen in britischen und amerikanischen Printmedien bei der Berichterstattung über den Golfkrieg im Spannungsfeld zwischen Verwendung und Mißbrauch der Sprache | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Inhalt: 1. Vorbemerkungen 2. Zu einigen philosophischen und theoretisch-linguistischen Grundlagen einer kommunikativ orientierten Betrachtung der Sprache 3. Sprache und menschliche Gesellschaft 4. Der Euphemismus 5. Euphemismen im Golfkrieg - Zur Analyse der Untersuchungsergebnisse 6. Zusammenfassung und Schlußfolgerungen 7. Perspektiven der kommunikativen Sprachforschung bezüglich 215der Untersuchung des politischen Euphemismus - Forschungsausblick und Schlußbemerkungen"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
3905 | The Celtic Englishes IV : the interface between english and the celtic languages ; proceedings of the fourth International Colloquium on the "Celtic Englishes" held at the University of Potsdam in Golm (Germany) from 22 - 26 September 2004 | eng | doc-type:book | [
"What is \"Celtic\"and what is universal in the \"Celtic Englishes\"? This was the central concern of the fourth and final Colloquium of studies on language contact between English and the Celtic languages at the University of Potsdam in September 2004. The contributions to this volume discuss the \"Celtic\" peculiarities of Standard English in England and in Ireland (North and South). They also examine the perceived \"Celticity\" of personal names in the \"Celtic\" countries (Ireland, Wales, Cornwall, Brittany). Moreover, they put emphasis on specific grammatical features such as the expression of perfectivity, relativity, intensification and the typological shift of verbal word formation from syntheticity to analycity as well as the emergence of universal contact trends shared by Celtic, African and Indian Englishes. Thus, the choice of contributors and the scope of their articles makes Celtic Englishes IV an invaluable handbook for scholarly work in the field of the English - Celtic relations."
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:EnglishInEngland",
"bllo:bll-133074846",
"bllo:bll-133121895",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:Universal",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133109836",
"bllo:bll-133072851"
] | [
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"English in England",
"Englisch in England"
],
[
"Word formation",
"Wortbildung"
],
[
"Scope",
"Scopus"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Universal",
"Universalie"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070441",
"bll-133070409",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"British English",
"Britisches Englisch"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
3906 | "Bringin’ the Dunkey Down from the Carn :" | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Introduction 2. Cornish and Cornu-English 3. Language in Cornwall 1549-2004: From Prayer Book to Eden Project 4. Dialect and Dissent 5. Cornu-English in the Cabinet: Some Preserved Specimens 6. The New Cornu-English"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133111768"
] | [
[
"Cornish",
"Kornisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
3907 | Anthroponyms as markers of ‘celticity’ in Brittany, Cornwall and Wales | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Objectives 2. Sociohistorical Background 2.1. The Cornish 2.2. The Welsh 2.3. The Bretons 3. Characteristics of the Brythonic Naming System 3.1. Type 1 Names: Patronymic Lineage 3.2. Type 2 Names: Geographic Origin or Place of Residence 3.3. Type 3 Names: Occupational Activities (Generally Linked to Peasantry) 3.4. Type 4 Names: Physical Characteristics, Moral Flaws 3.5. Type 5 Names: Epithets Relating to Character, Titles of Nobility, etc. 3.6. Epithets Containing References to Victory, War, Warriors, Weapons 3.7. Epithets Containing References to Courage, Strength, Impetuousness and War-like Animals 3.8. Epithets Containing References to Honorific Titles, Noble Lineage, Social Status and Aristocratic Values 4. Summary"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133089762",
"bllo:bll-133111768",
"bllo:bll-133112608",
"bllo:bll-133128121",
"bllo:bll-133088766",
"bllo:bll-133091740"
] | [
[
"War",
"Krieg"
],
[
"Cornish",
"Kornisch"
],
[
"Welsh",
"Kymrisch"
],
[
"Weapons",
"Waffenbezeichnungen"
],
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Moral",
"Moral"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
3908 | What’s in an irish name? | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Introduction: The Irish Patronymic System Prior to 1600 2. Anglicisation Pressure 3. Anglicisation: 1600-1900 3.1. Phonetic Approximation 3.2. Simplification 3.3. Translation 3.4. Mistranslation 3.5. Equivalence with Existing English Surname 3.6. Multiplicity of Anglicised Forms 3.7. Anglicisation of Prefixes 4. The Call to De-Anglicise 5. Current Personal Naming Patterns in Ireland 5.1. Current Modern Irish 6. Traditional Naming: “X (Son/Daughter) of Y (Son/Daughter) of Z” 7. Nicknames 8. Conclusion"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-275010589",
"bllo:bll-133070409"
] | [
[
"Translation",
"Übersetzen"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
3909 | Irish standard English | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Introduction 2. ICE-Ireland and the Irish Language 3. Grammatical Features 3.1. Perfective Aspect 3.2. Reflexive Pronouns 3.3. Inversion and Embedded Clauses 4. Conclusion"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073475",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:PerfectiveAspect",
"bllo:bll-133108767"
] | [
[
"Aspect",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Perfective aspect",
"Perfektiver Aspekt"
],
[
"Inversion",
"Inversion"
]
] | [
[
"AspectFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"AspectFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WordOrderPhenomenon",
"SyntacticConstruction",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Aspect feature",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Aspect feature",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Word order phenomenon",
"Wortstellungsphänomen"
],
[
"Syntactic construction",
"Syntaktische Konstruktion"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
3910 | Remarks on standardisation in irish English, Irish and Welsh | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Introduction 2. Standardisation and Celticity 3. Standardisation in Irish and Other Celtic Languages 4. Borrowing and Code-Switching 5. Conclusion"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133109836"
] | [
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
3911 | Be after v-ing on the past grammaticalisation path | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Perfect to Preterite? 2. A Past Grammaticalisation Path for Be after V-ing 2.1. Perfect Grams and Sources 2.2. Perfect Distinctions and Perfect-Preterite Evolution 3. Semantic History of Past-Time Be After V-ing 3.1. Perfect Uses, 1670-1800 3.2. Perfect Uses, 1801-2000 4. Temporal Adverbials and Uses of Be After V-ing, 1701-2000 4.1. Hodiernal Uses 4.2. Preterite Uses 4.3. How Far Is It after Coming? 5. Conclusion"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
3912 | On the ‘after perfect’ in Irish and Hiberno-English | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Introduction 2. Early Examples of the AFP in Hiberno-English 3. Assessments of the Evidence 4. Attempts to Explain the Early HE Construction 5. Distribution and Function of the AFP in EMI and HE 5.1. The AFP with the Future Tense in Irish 5.2. The AFP with the Secondary Future or Conditional 5.3. The AFP with the Subjunctive 5.5. Functions of the AFP in Early Modern Irish and HE 6. The Restriction of the AFP to the Recent Perfect 7. Conclusions"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133099377",
"bllo:bll-133111202",
"bllo:Tense",
"bllo:Distribution",
"bllo:bll-133087336"
] | [
[
"Future",
"Futur"
],
[
"Subjunctive",
"Konjunktiv"
],
[
"Tense",
"Gespannt"
],
[
"Distribution",
"Distribution"
],
[
"Conditional",
"Konditional"
]
] | [
[
"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MoodFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"TensenessFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"MoodFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Mood feature",
"Modus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tenseness feature",
"Spannung"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Mood feature",
"Modus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
3917 | How to put up with cur suas le rud and the bidirectionality of contact | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Preverbal Composition in Old Irish and Old English 2. The Shape of the Modern Irish Verbal Lexeme 3. Particle Verbs in Irish and English 3.1. Definitions: Phrasal Verb or Prepositional Verb? 3.2. Examples 3.3. Obvious Similarities 3.4. Irish English Peculiarities 4. The Abolition of Verbal Composition in Irish and English – Parallels and Differences in Historical Syntax 5. Conclusions"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133127125",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:Composition",
"bllo:Lexeme",
"bllo:OldIrish",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133117987",
"bllo:bll-133070433"
] | [
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Composition",
"Komposition"
],
[
"Lexeme",
"Lexem"
],
[
"Old Irish",
"Altirisch"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Particle",
"Partikel"
],
[
"Old English",
"Altenglisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133074846",
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-341642606",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"HistoricalFormOfEnglish",
"bll-133070409",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Word formation",
"Wortbildung"
],
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Goidelic languages",
"Goidelische Sprachen"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Historical form of English",
"Sprachstufe des Englischen"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
3918 | Celtic influence on English relative clauses? | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. The Problem 2. Preusler 3. Molyneux 4. Discussion 4.1. Preusler on Contact Clauses 4.2. Preusler on Prepositional Relatives 4.3. Preusler on Genitival Relative Clauses 4.4. Molyneux 5. Conclusions"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
3920 | Irish presence in colonial Cameroon and its linguistic legacy | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Survey of Foreign Influences on English in Cameroon 1.1. Early Foreign Influences in the Formation of English in Cameroon 1.2. Later Influences 2. Irish Linguistic Legacy 2.1. Language Policy 2.2. Structural Aspects of English"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070409"
] | [
[
"English",
"Englisch"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
3921 | Contact, shift and language change | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Introduction 2. English in South Africa 2.1. Transmission of English 2.2. The Language Shift 3. Features of South African Indian English 3.1. Discussion of Features 4. Further Shift-induced Varieties 4.1. Aboriginal English 4.2. Hebridean English 5. Conclusion"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-313956472",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133121232",
"bllo:bll-133075230",
"bllo:bll-133072851"
] | [
[
"South African Indian English",
"South African Indian English"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"English in South Africa",
"Englisch in Südafrika"
],
[
"Aboriginal English",
"Aboriginal English"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133121232",
"bll-133070506",
"bll-133070409",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070506",
"bll-133070409",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070484",
"bll-133070409",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"English in South Africa",
"Englisch in Südafrika"
],
[
"English in Africa",
"Englisch in Afrika"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"English in Africa",
"Englisch in Afrika"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"English in Australia",
"Englisch in Australien"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
3922 | Reflexivity and intensification in Irish English and other new Englishes | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Celtic Syntax in English and the European Sprachbund 2. Unpredictable Self-forms across Varieties of English 2.2. The Development of himself 2.3. Itself in Irish and Indian English 3. Concluding Remarks"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133070409"
] | [
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
3923 | Independent Developments in the Genesis of Irish English | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Introduction 2. Retention versus Transfer 3. The Universalist Approach: Basic Concepts 4. Empirical Basis 5. Two Case Studies 5.1. Medial Object Perfects 5.2. Nominative Subject Pronouns in Non-finite Clauses 6. Summary and Conclusion"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133117049",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-13311712X"
] | [
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Nominative",
"Nominativ"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
3924 | On the areal pattern of ‘brittonicity’ in English and its implications | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Introduction 2. Getting to the Seen from the Unseen 2.1. The Theory of the Zones 2.2. Brief Comments on Mechanism 3. The Areal Evidence: Shared Features and Their Dialectal Provenance 4. Explaining the Evidence Seen 4.1. Why It Is Not Due to Mere Misleading Coincidence 4.2. Why It Is Not Due to French Influence 4.3. Why It Is Not Due to Norse Influence 4.4. Why It Is Not Due to English Influence over Brittonic 4.5. Why It Is Due to Brittonic Influence 5. Conclusion 5.1. The Areal Pattern and Its Explanation 5.2. Substrate versus Superstrate 5.3. Some Final Arguments, and Good Questions 6. Addenda"
] | ddc:420 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133070557"
] | [
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
3944 | How far have the Insular Celtic languages (and the English language) been analyticised? | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Der gemeinsame Wandel der inselkeltischen Sprachen wie auch des Englischen vom vorwiegend synthetischen Typus zum vorwiegend analytischen Typus läßt sich vermutlich auf einen ca. 1500 Jahre dauernden intensiven Sprachenkontakt zwischen diesen Sprachen zurückführen. Heute ist das Englische die analytischste Sprache der Britischen Inseln und Irlands, gefolgt vom Walisischen, Bretonischen und Irischen. Letzteres ist von den genannten Sprachen noch am weitesten morphologisch komplex.",
"I discuss the joint shift of the Insular Celtic languages and of the English language from, typologically speaking, predominantly synthetic languages c. 1500 years ago to predominantly analytical languages today. The demise of the inflectional morphology is most advanced in Present Day English. Welsh follows suit. Then come Breton and Irish. Intensive linguistic interaction across the boundaries of the Germanic and the Insular Celtic languages are proposed to have been instrumental for this type of linguistic convergence."
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133082792",
"bllo:bll-133112608",
"bllo:InsularCeltic",
"bllo:bll-133105105",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-133109836",
"bllo:bll-133070166"
] | [
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Breton",
"Bretonisch"
],
[
"Welsh",
"Kymrisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Instrumental",
"Instrumental"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"AmbiguouslyDefinedConcept"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Ambiguously defined concept",
"Mehrdeutig definiertes Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"AmbiguouslyDefinedConcept",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
39485 | The use of the present perfect in Spanish and German | deu | doc-type:bachelorThesis | [
"In dieser Bachelorarbeit werden die Bedeutung und die Gebrauchsweisen des Vergangenheitstempus Perfekt in der deutschen und spanischen Sprache kontrastiv untersucht. Aufgrund des Zusammenwirkens der funktional-semantischen Kategorien Temporalität, Aspektualität und Modalität wird der Perfektgebrauch hinsichtlich dieser Kategorien analysiert. Es wird angenommen, dass sich das Perfekt im Spanischen und Deutschen nicht nur in Bezug auf seine temporalen und aspektuellen Werte, sondern auch hinsichtlich seiner modal-evidentiellen Werte und Ausdrucksweisen unterscheidet. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die spezifischen temporalen und aspektuellen Bedeutungen dieses Vergangenheitstempus in der jeweiligen Sprache herauszustellen, kontrastiv zu betrachten und zu zeigen, inwiefern Perfektformen als Evidentialitätsmarker fungieren können. Der modal-evidentiellen Bedeutung des Perfekts kommt in dieser Arbeit eine zentrale Rolle zu, da insbesondere hinsichtlich der deutschen Perfekt-Konstruktionen noch wenige Forschungsansätze vorliegen. Die modalen und evidentiellen Bedeutungen des Perfekts werden in beiden Sprachen in der Schriftsprache unter Einbezug der Erkenntnisse der RAE (2009), Wachtmeister-Bermúdez (2005) und Diewald (2011) diskutiert und anhand von Beispielen aus spanischen und deutschen Pressetexten des CREA sowie der Zeit Online und Süddeutsche Zeitung belegt. Als Ergebnis dieser Untersuchung lässt sich feststellen, dass das Perfekt in beiden Sprachen als Evidentialitätsmarker dienen und verschiedene Arten von Evidenz markieren kann. Die Relevanz der kontrastiven Betrachtung kommt in zwei signifikanten Forschungsbereichen zum Tragen: zum Einen bei der Übersetzung, da die temporalen, aspektuellen und modal-evidentiellen Werte des Perfekts in der jeweiligen Sprache beachtet werden müssen und zum Anderen in der Fremdsprachendidaktik, da das Perfekt verschiedene Stellenwerte in den einzelnen Verbalsystemen einnimmt.",
"In this bachelor’s thesis, the significance and the uses of the present perfect tense in German and Spanish are comparatively examined. Due to the interaction of the functional-semantic categories temporality, aspectuality, and modality, the use of the present perfect is analyzed with respect to these categories. It is assumed that the present perfect in Spanish and German does not only differ in terms of its temporal and aspectual values, but also regarding its modal-evidential values and forms of expression. This contribution aims at highlighting the specific temporal and aspectual meanings of the present perfect tense in the respective language by comparatively analyzing them and showing to what extent the present perfect forms may function as evidential markers. The modal-evidential meaning of the present perfect plays an important role, particularly with respect to the present perfect forms in German, since there has been little research in this field. In both languages, the modal and evidential meanings of the present perfect are discussed in the written language by including the results found by RAE (2009), Wachtmeister-Bermúdez (2005), and Diewald (2011) and analyzing examples of Spanish and German press releases from CREA, Zeit Online, and Süddeutsche Zeitung. As a result of this analysis, it can be said that the present perfect may serve as an evidential marker in both languages and mark different types of evidence. The relevance of the contrastive approach is particularly pronounced in two important research areas: firstly, in the translation process as the temporal, aspectual, and modal-evidential values of the present perfect must be taken into account in the respective language, and, secondly, in foreign language didactics as the present perfect takes up different positions in the individual verbal systems."
] | ddc:415 | [
"ddc:430",
"ddc:460",
"Institut für Romanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133118169",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133115542",
"bllo:ModalityFeature",
"bllo:bll-275010589",
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"bllo:Written",
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] | [
[
"Present perfect",
"Perfekt"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Modality",
"Modalität"
],
[
"Modality feature",
"Modalität"
],
[
"Translation",
"Übersetzen"
],
[
"Present perfect",
"Perfekt"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Spanish",
"Spanisch"
],
[
"Written language",
"Geschriebene Sprache"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Tense",
"Gespannt"
]
] | [
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"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
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"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
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"TenseFeature",
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],
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"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"TensenessFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
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[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
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],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tenseness feature",
"Spannung"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
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"",
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"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
39516 | Spracherwerbsforschung und Schulbücher | eng | doc-type:masterThesis | [
"Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Grammatikvermittlung im Englischunterricht. Im Rahmen dessen wird ein Schulbuch (English G 21 A2) daraufhin untersucht ob es kompatibel mit aktuellen Theorien zum Zweitspracherwerb ist. \r\nZu Beginn der Arbeit werden historische und aktuelle Auffassungen zur Grammatikvermittlung zusammengefasst und im Anschluss der aktuelle Rahmenlehrplan auf seine Aussagen hinsichtlich der zu vermittelnden Grammatik im Fremdsprachenunterricht untersucht. Hierbei wird deutlich dass der Rahmenlehrplan des Landes Brandenburg wenige Vorgaben bezüglich der grammatischen Phänomene, die behandelt werden sollen, gibt. Dies erklärt unter anderem den hohen Stellenwert, den Lehrbücher im Fremdsprachenunterricht haben. Sie dienen den Lehrenden als Materialquelle und gleichzeitig als Richtlinie dafür, welche Themen wie und in welcher Reihenfolge unterrichtet werden können. \r\nEs folgt eine Übersicht über kognitive Theorien des Zweitspracherwerbs und des Sprachunterrichts, u.a. Krashens Monitorhypothese, R. Ellis‘ Weak Interface Modell oder Pienemanns Processability Theory. Auf der Basis dieser Theorien werden Kriterien für die Gestaltung von Schulbüchern, die einen möglichst aktuellen Erkenntnissen folgenden Grammatikunterricht unterstützen herausgearbeitet. Dazu gehören das Anbieten von viel zielsprachlichem Input, Bereitstellung von Übungen (practice) und bewusstmachenden Aktivitäten (consciousness-raising activities), das Beachten der Erwerbssequenz und das Bereitstellen eines diagnostischen Instruments sodass die Schülerinnen und Schüler herausfinden können, wo sie im Fremdsprachenerwerb stehen und woran sie noch arbeiten müssen. Auch das Anbieten vieler Gelegenheiten zur (individuellen) Wiederholung wird als sehr wichtig herausgestellt. All diese Vorgaben stehen natürlich unter dem Vorbehalt dass Schulbücher den Unterricht nur in begrenztem Maße beeinflussen können und die endgültigen Entscheidungen von den Lehrenden in der Situation getroffen werden. \r\nFür den Analyseteil wird eine kommunikative Absicht, die in der Regel im Englischunterricht der Sekundarstufe 1 behandelt wird, herausgegriffen. Es handelt sich dabei um die Fähigkeit, über die Zukunft zu sprechen. Dazu werden zunächst die Möglichkeiten im Englischen über die Zukunft zu sprechen beschrieben und in der didaktischen Analyse für die Vermittlung im Unterricht reduziert. Nach einer Beschreibung des betrachteten Schulbuchs und der Behandlung dieses Themas in diesem Buch wird dies mit den ausgearbeiteten Kriterien verglichen. Hierbei stellt sich heraus, dass das Buch in vielen Punkten durchaus mit aktuellen Zweitspracherwerbstheorien kompatibel ist (z.B. bezüglich des Einarbeitens von Erklärungen zu grammatikalischen Strukturen) in anderen jedoch noch Raum für Verbesserungen besteht (z.B. bezüglich der Fülle des Inputs und der Anzahl an bewusstmachenden Aktivitäten).",
"This paper deals with the teaching of grammar in the English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom. In this context, a course book (English G 21 A2) is examined in regard to whether it is compatible with current theories about second language acquisition (SLA). \r\nAt the beginning of this paper, views on grammar teaching from the past and the present are summarized and this is followed by an analysis of the current curriculum concerning its guidelines for grammar teaching in the foreign language classroom. This analysis concludes that the curriculum of Brandenburg hardly gives any recommendations regarding the question of which grammatical phenomena should to be taught. This explains, at least partly, the important position course books take in the foreign language classroom. Teachers use them as a source of material as well has a guideline for which topics can be taught and in which order. \r\nThe following part gives an overview of cognitive models of SLA and foreign language teaching, among others Krashen’s Monitor Hypothesis, R. Ellis’ Weak Interface Model and Pienemann’s Processability Theory. On the basis of these models criteria for the ideal design of a course book, which would support grammar teaching according to current findings, are developed. Among those criteria are the offering of a lot of input in the target language, provision of practice activities and consciousness-raising activities, taking into consideration the sequence of acquisition and the provision of a diagnostic tool which enables the students to find out in which areas of the target language they need to improve. Furthermore, the inclusion of opportunities for (individual) revision is regarded as essential. All of those criteria are of course given under the reservation that the influence of course books on the happenings in the classroom is restricted as the final decisions are made by the teacher in the teaching situation. \r\nIn the analysis, one communicative intention which is usually a topic in the English lessons between the third and sixth year of learning is focused on. This communicative intention is talking about the future. First, the possibilities to express futurity in the English language are analysed and reduced for the use in teaching. The chosen course book is then described and analysed and the way the book deals with the topic of talking about the future is compared to the criteria which where specified earlier in the paper. This comparison showed that the book is compatible with SLA theories in many ways (e.g. concerning the explanations of grammatical structures) but that there is still room for improvement (e.g. concerning the amount of input and the number of consciousness-raising activities)."
] | ddc:410 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133099377",
"bllo:bll-133071669",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133119890",
"bllo:bll-133072487",
"bllo:bll-133072487",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-133071235",
"bllo:bll-13308275X",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133120244",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-202330354",
"bllo:bll-13308275X",
"bllo:bll-133073564"
] | [
[
"Future",
"Futur"
],
[
"Language teaching",
"Sprachunterricht"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Spatial terms",
"Raum"
],
[
"Foreign language teaching",
"Fremdsprachenunterricht"
],
[
"Foreign language teaching",
"Fremdsprachenunterricht"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Language acquisition",
"Spracherwerb"
],
[
"Second language acquisition",
"Zweitspracherwerb"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Rule",
"Regel"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Verbal behaviour",
"Sprechen"
],
[
"Second language acquisition",
"Zweitspracherwerb"
],
[
"Comparison",
"Komparation"
]
] | [
[
"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
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],
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"ResearchTopic",
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],
[
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],
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],
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"LanguageDescription",
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"LanguageResourceInformation"
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"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
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],
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"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
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"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
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"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
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[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
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"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Linguistic rule",
"Linguistische Regel"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
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"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
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] |
39595 | Untersuchung der Sensitivität von Kleinkindern für phonologische Details mit Hilfe von Eye-Tracking und Pupillometrie | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Infants' lexical processing is modulated by featural manipulations made to words, suggesting that early lexical representations are sufficiently specified to establish a match with the corresponding label. However, the precise degree of detail in early words requires further investigation due to equivocal findings. We studied this question by assessing children’s sensitivity to the degree of featural manipulation (Chapters 2 and 3), and sensitivity to the featural makeup of homorganic and heterorganic consonant clusters (Chapter 4). Gradient sensitivity on the one hand and sensitivity to homorganicity on the other hand would suggest that lexical processing makes use of sub-phonemic information, which in turn would indicate that early words contain sub-phonemic detail. The studies presented in this thesis assess children’s sensitivity to sub-phonemic detail using minimally demanding online paradigms suitable for infants: single-picture pupillometry and intermodal preferential looking. Such paradigms have the potential to uncover lexical knowledge that may be masked otherwise due to cognitive limitations. The study reported in Chapter 2 obtained a differential response in pupil dilation to the degree of featural manipulation, a result consistent with gradient sensitivity. The study reported in Chapter 3 obtained a differential response in proportion of looking time and pupil dilation to the degree of featural manipulation, a result again consistent with gradient sensitivity. The study reported in Chapter 4 obtained a differential response to the manipulation of homorganic and heterorganic consonant clusters, a result consistent with sensitivity to homorganicity. These results suggest that infants' lexical representations are not only specific, but also detailed to the extent that they contain sub-phonemic information.",
"Die lexikalische Verarbeitung bei Kleinkindern kann durch die Manipulation von phonologischen Merkmalen moduliert werden. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass frühe lexikalische Repräsentationen hinreichend spezifiziert sind, um einen Abgleich mit einem gehörten Wort herzustellen. Aufgrund von nicht einheitlichen Befunden ist jedoch weitere Forschung notwendig, um zu bestimmen, wie detailliert erste Wörter repräsentiert werden. Dieser Frage wurde nachgegangen, indem die Sensitivität der Kinder gegenüber dem Grad der Merkmalmanipulation (Kapitel 2 und 3) und gegenüber homorganischen und heterorganischen Konsonantenclustern (Kapitel 4) untersucht wurde. Eine gradiente Sensitivität gegenüber der Manipulation phonologischer Merkmale und eine Sensitivität gegenüber der Homorganizität deuten darauf hin, dass Gradientenempfindlichkeit auf der einen Seite und die Empfindlichkeit gegenüber der für die lexikalische Verarbeitung subphonemische Informationen relevant sind, was wiederum darauf schließen lässt, dass lexikalische Repräsentationen subphonemische Details enthalten. Die Studien, die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt werden, untersuchen die Sensitivität von 30 Monate alten Kindern für subphonemische Details mit Online-Paradigmen, die für Kleinkinder geeignet sind: Einzelbild-Pupillometrie und \"intermodal preferential looking\". Diese Paradigmen haben das Potenzial, lexikalisches Wissen aufzudecken, das sonst aufgrund kognitiver Beanspruchungen verdeckt bleibt. Die in Kapitel 2 berichtete Studie zeigt eine differenzielle Reaktion in der Pupillendilatation in Verbindung mit dem Grad der Merkmalsmanipulation, ein Ergebnis, das die Sensitivität gegenüber der Gradienz der phonologischen Distanz nahelegt. Die Studie in Kapitel 3 zeigt eine differenzielle Reaktion sowohl in der Pupillendilatation auch in den Blickzeiten in Abhängigkeit vom Grad der phonologischen Merkmalmanipulation, ein Ergebnis das das der Studie 2 unterstützt. Die in Kapitel 4 berichtete Studie zeigt Unterschiede in der Pupillendilation nur in Reaktion auf eine phonologische Manipulation der homorganischen nicht aber der heterorganischen Konsonantencluster. Dieses Ergebnis stützt die Annahme, einer frühen Sensitivität gegenüber Homorganizität. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die lexikalischen Repräsentationen von Kleinkindern nicht nur spezifisch, sondern auch detailliert sind, da sie subphonemische Informationen enthalten."
] | ddc:410 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133073017",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
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"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:Word"
] | [
[
"Knowledge",
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[
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"Zeit"
],
[
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],
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
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]
] | [
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[
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],
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]
],
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[
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],
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"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
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]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
39688 | Effekte eingebauter Pronomen auf Relativsatzverarbeitung | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Difficulties with object relative clauses (ORC), as compared to subject relative clauses (SR), are widely attested across different languages, both in adults and in children. This SR-ORC asymmetry is reduced, or even eliminated, when the embedded constituent in the ORC is a pronoun, rather than a lexical noun phrase. The studies included in this thesis were designed to explore under what circumstances the pronoun facilitation occurs; whether all pronouns have the same effect; whether SRs are also affected by embedded pronouns; whether children perform like adults on such structures; and whether performance is related to cognitive abilities such as memory or grammatical knowledge. Several theoretical approaches that explain the pronoun facilitation in relative clauses are evaluated. The experimental data have been collected in three languages–German, Italian and Hebrew–stemming from both children and adults.\r\nIn the German study (Chapter 2), ORCs with embedded 1st- or 3rd-person pronouns are compared to ORCs with an embedded lexical noun phrase. Eye-movement data from 5-year-old children show that the 1st-person pronoun facilitates processing, but not the 3rd-person pronoun. Moreover, children’s performance is modulated by additive effects of their memory and grammatical skills. In the Italian study (Chapter 3), the 1st-person pronoun advantage over the 3rd-person pronoun is tested in ORCs and SRs that display a similar word order. Eye-movement data from 5-year-olds and adult controls and reading times data from adults are pitted against the outcome of a corpus analysis, showing that the 1st-/3rd-person pronoun asymmetry emerges in the two relative clause types to an equal extent. In the Hebrew study (Chapter 4), the goal is to test the effect of a special kind of pronoun–a non-referential arbitrary subject pronoun–on ORC comprehension, in the light of potential confounds in previous studies that used this pronoun. Data from a referent-identification task with 4- to 5-year-olds indicate that, when the experimental material is controlled, the non-referential pronoun does not necessarily facilitate ORC comprehension. Importantly, however, children have even more difficulties when the embedded constituent is a referential pronoun. The non-referentiality / referentiality asymmetry is emphasized by the relation between children’s performance on the experimental task and their memory skills.\r\nTogether, the data presented in this thesis indicate that sentence processing is not only driven by structural (or syntactic) factors, but also by discourse-related ones, like pronouns’ referential properties or their discourse accessibility mechanism, which is defined as the level of ease or difficulty with which referents of pronouns are identified and retrieved from the discourse model. Although independent in essence, these structural and discourse factors can in some cases interact in a way that affects sentence processing. Moreover, both types of factors appear to be strongly related to memory. The data also support the idea that, from early on, children are sensitive to the same factors that affect adults’ sentence processing, and that the processing strategies of both populations are qualitatively similar.\r\nIn sum, this thesis suggests that a comprehensive theory of human sentence processing needs to account for effects that are due to both structural and discourse-related factors, which operate as a function of memory capacity.",
"Zahlreiche Studien haben gefunden, dass sowohl Erwachsene als auch Kinder über Sprachen hinweg größere Schwierigkeiten mit Objektrelativsätzen (ORS) als mit Subjektrelativsätzen (SRS) haben. Diese SRS-ORS-Asymmetrie wird reduziert oder sogar ausgelöscht, wenn das eingebaute Subjekt im ORS keine lexikalische Nominalphrase, sondern ein Pronomen ist. Die Experimente in dieser Dissertation erforschen unter welchen Umständen die Begünstigung des Pronomens geschieht; ob alle Pronomen denselben Effekt haben; ob SRS ebenso von eingebauten Pronomen beeinflusst werden; ob Erwachsene und Kinder in Bezug auf diese Strukturen eine ähnlich Leistung zeigen; und ob die Leistung von Versuchspersonen eine Verbindung mit kognitiven Fähigkeiten hat, wie zum Beispiel mit dem Arbeitsgedächtnis oder mit grammatikalischer Kenntnis. Verschiedene theoretische Rahmen, die die Pronomenvereinfachung in Relativsätzen erklären, werden evaluiert. Die Daten wurden in drei Sprachen–Deutsch, Italienisch und Hebräisch–mit Kindern und Erwachsenen erhoben.\r\nIn der Studie auf Deutsch (Kapitel 2) werden ORS mit einem eingebauten Pronomen der ersten oder der dritten Person mit ORS verglichen, die eine eingebaute lexikalische Nominalphrase haben. Blickbewegungsdaten von 5-jährigen Kindern zeigen, dass das Pronomen der ersten Person die Satzverarbeitung vereinfacht, nicht jedoch das Pronomen der dritten Person. Die Performance von Kindern wird durch zusätzliche Effekte wie Gedächtnis und grammatikalische Fähigkeiten beeinflusst. In der Studie auf Italienisch (Kapitel 3) wird der Vereinfachungsvorteil des Pronomens der ersten Person, im Vergleich mit dem der dritten Person, in ORS und SRS, die eine ähnliche Wortstellung haben, untersucht. Blickbewegungsdaten von 5-jährigen Kindern und von einer Kontrollgruppe von Erwachsenen sowie Lesezeiten von Erwachsenen, werden mit dem Ergebnis einer Korpusanalyse verglichen. Sie zeigen denselben asymmetrischen Effekt der zwei Pronomen in beiden Relativsatztypen. In der Studie auf Hebräisch (Kapitel 4) war das Ziel, den Effekt eines besonderen Pronomens, nämlich eines nicht-referentiellen beliebigen Subjektspronomens, auf das Verständnis von ORS zu untersuchen, anhand methodischer Problematiken in vergangenen Studien, die dieses Pronomen verwendet haben. Daten von 4- und 5-jährigen Kindern, die eine Referentenerkennungsaufgabe gemacht haben, zeigen, dass mit kontrolliertem Versuchsmaterial das nicht-referentielle Pronomen nicht unbedingt das Verständnis von ORS erleichtert. Jedoch hatten die Kinder aber noch mehr Schwierigkeiten, wenn das eingebaute Pronomen ein referentielles Pronomen war. Die Asymmetrie zwischen nicht-referentiellen und referentiellen Pronomen wird durch die Verbindung zwischen der Performance in der experimentellen Aufgabe und den Gedächtnisfähigkeiten der Kinder hervorgehoben.\r\nIn ihrer Gesamtheit zeigen die in dieser Arbeit präsentierten Daten, dass Sprachverarbeitung nicht nur durch strukturelle (oder syntaktische) Faktoren beeinträchtigt wird, sondern auch durch Diskurs-gebundene Faktoren, wie die referentiellen Eigenschaften von Pronomen oder den Mechanismus von Diskurszugänglichkeit (discourse accessibility). Diese wird definiert als das Leichtigkeits- oder Schwierigkeitslevel mit dem Referenten von Pronomen im Diskursmodell erkannt und abgerufen werden. Diese strukturellen und diskursgebundenen Faktoren, obwohl sie im Wesentlichen unabhängig voneinander sind, können in manchen Fällen aufeinander einwirken und zusammen die Sprachverarbeitung beeinträchtigen. Darüber hinaus scheinen beide Faktoren eine Verbindung mit dem Gedächtnis zu haben. Die Daten unterstützen auch die Idee, dass Kinder von früh an auf dieselben Faktoren empfindlich reagieren, die die Sprachverarbeitung von Erwachsenen bestimmen und dass die Sprachverarbeitungsstrategien von beiden Altersgruppen qualitativ ähnlich sind.\r\nZusammengefasst weist diese Dissertation darauf hin, dass eine umfassende Theorie der menschlichen Sprachverarbeitung in der Lage sein sollte, Effekte zu erklären, die sowohl durch Satzstruktur als auch durch Diskurs bedingt werden und die in Abhängigkeit von Gedächtnisfähigkeit funktionieren."
] | ddc:410 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133089762",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:Phrase",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133119394",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:PersonFeature",
"bllo:NounPhrase",
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:NounPhrase",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133105334",
"bllo:Human",
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"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-133105334",
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"bllo:Word",
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"bllo:Even",
"bllo:bll-133092887",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133077136"
] | [
[
"War",
"Krieg"
],
[
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"Theorie"
],
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"Phrase"
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],
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],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
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],
[
"Noun phrase",
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],
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Noun phrase",
"Nominalphrase"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Hebrew",
"Hebräisch"
],
[
"Human",
"Menschlich"
],
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"Noun",
"Nomen"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Italian",
"Italienisch"
],
[
"Light",
"Licht"
],
[
"Relative clause",
"Relativsatz"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Pronoun",
"Pronomen"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Hebrew",
"Hebräisch"
],
[
"Italian",
"Italienisch"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Affect",
"Affekt"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
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"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
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],
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"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
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[
"bll-133073661",
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[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Agreement feature",
"Kongruenz"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phrase",
"Phrase"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Phrase",
"Phrase"
],
[
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],
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"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
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"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Canaanite",
"Kanaanäisch"
],
[
"Central Semitic",
"Zentralsemitisch"
],
[
"West Semitic",
"Westsemitisch"
],
[
"Semitic languages",
"Semitische Sprachen"
],
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Humanness feature",
"Menschlichkeit"
],
[
"Semantic feature",
"Semantisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Subordinate clause",
"Nebensatz"
],
[
"Finite clause",
"Finiter Teilsatz"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
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"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Canaanite",
"Kanaanäisch"
],
[
"Central Semitic",
"Zentralsemitisch"
],
[
"West Semitic",
"Westsemitisch"
],
[
"Semitic languages",
"Semitische Sprachen"
],
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
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"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
39701 | Spektrum Patholinguistik Band 10. Schwerpunktthema: Panorama Patholinguistik: Sprachwissenschaft trifft Sprachtherapie | deu | doc-type:PeriodicalPart | [
"Das 10. Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik mit dem Schwerpunktthema »Panorama Patholinguistik: Sprachwissenschaft trifft Sprachtherapie« fand am 19.11.2016 in Potsdam statt. Das Herbsttreffen wird seit 2007 jährlich vom Verband für Patholinguistik e.V. (vpl) durchgeführt. Der vorliegende Tagungsband beinhaltet die vier Hauptvorträge zum Schwerpunktthema sowie Beiträge zu den Kurzvorträgen »Patholinguistik im Fokus« und der Posterpräsentationen zu weiteren Themen aus der sprachtherapeutischen Forschung und Praxis.",
"The Tenth Autumn Meeting Patholinguistics (Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik) with its main topic »Panorama Patholinguistics: Linguistics meets speech/language therapy« took place in Potsdam on November 19 2016. This annual meeting has been organised since 2007 by the Association for Patholinguistics (Verband für Patholinguistik e.V./vpl). The present proceedings contain the four keynote talks on the main topic as well as contributions from the short talks in the section »Patholinguistics in Focus« and from the poster session covering a broad range of areas in speech/language therapy research and practice."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Verband für Patholinguistik e. V. (vpl)"
] | [
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
39748 | A cognitive-constructionist approach to Spanish creo Ø and creo yo ‘[I] think’ | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The present study approaches the Spanish postposed constructions creo Ø and creo yo ‘[p], [I] think’ from a cognitive-constructionist perspective. It is argued that both constructions are to be distinguished from one another because creo Ø has a subjective function, while in creo yo, it is the intersubjective dimension that is particularly prominent. The present investigation takes both a qualitative and a quantitative perspective. With regard to the latter, the problem of quantitative representativity is addressed. The discussion posed the question of how empirical research can feed back into theory, more precisely, into the framework of Cognitive Construction Grammar. The data to be analyzed here are retrieved from the corpora Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual and Corpus del Español."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Romanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-13307076X"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Spanish",
"Spanisch"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
39775 | Contributions of linguistic typology to psycholinguistics | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This article first outlines different ways of how psycholinguists have dealt with linguistic diversity and illustrates these approaches with three familiar cases from research on language processing, language acquisition, and language disorders. The second part focuses on the role of morphology and morphological variability across languages for psycholinguistic research. The specific phenomena to be examined are to do with stem-formation morphology and inflectional classes; they illustrate how experimental research that is informed by linguistic typology can lead to new insights."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-133071235",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Language acquisition",
"Spracherwerb"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
39801 | Theresa Biberauer a. George Walkden (eds.): Syntax over Time: Lexical, Morphological, and Information – Structural Interactions / [reviewed by] Julia Bacskai‐Atkari | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Rezensiertes Werk\r\nTheresa Biberauer u. George Walkden (Hgg.): Syntax over Time: Lexical, Morphological, and Information – Structural Interactions - Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015, 418 S."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:800",
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133087697"
] | [
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
39804 | Krolla, Nadine, A Test to Narrate. Studies on Interpretation and contextualization of Charles's Literature 'Morant and Galie' / [reviewed by] Silke Winst | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Rezensiertes Werk:\r\nKrolla, Nadine: Erzählen in der Bewährungsprobe. Studien zur Interpretation und Kontextualisierung der Karlsdichtung ›Morant und Galie‹ - Berlin, Schmidt, 2012, 256 S. - (Philologische Studien und Quellen, 239)"
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:800",
"ddc:830",
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
3982 | Domownja/Heimat : sorbische/wendische Perspektiven auf die Lausitz | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Die „Potsdamer Beiträge zur Sorabistik – Podstupimske psinoski k Sorabistice“ Nr. 9 sind wiederum ein Sammelband mit verschiedenen Aufsätzen. Die Thematik ist in diesem Band „Domownja/Heimat. Sorbische/wendische Perspektiven auf die Lausitz“. Die Schrift ist in drei Themenbereiche unterteilt, einen Tagungsbericht von einem internationalen Kolloquium, das im Februar 2009 an der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität in Cottbus (BTU) veranstaltet wurde und o.g. Titel trug. Darüber hinaus sind im Heft vier Referate eines zweiten Kolloquiums zu Ehren des niedersorbischen Pfarrers Kito Pank (1808-1895) abgedruckt. Im weiteren finden sich in der Ausgabe unter der Rubrik: Neues aus dem sorbischen/wendischen Leben zwei Aufsätze zu einer Schrifttumsausstellung des Wendischen Museums in Cottbus, ein Umfrageresultat zur Wahrnehmung der Sorben/Wenden in der Stadt Cottbus und ein umfassender Artikel zum sorbischen/wendischen Siedlungsgebiet im Rahmen der Minderheitenpolitik in Brandenburg."
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Slavistik"
] | [
"bllo:WritingSystem",
"bllo:bll-31572529X",
"bllo:bll-197234038",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"Writing system",
"Schrift"
],
[
"Perception",
"Wahrnehmung"
],
[
"Life",
"Leben"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
39856 | Does Dutch a-scrambling involve movement? | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The present study focuses on A-scrambling in Dutch, a local word-order alternation that typically signals the discourse-anaphoric status of the scrambled constituent. We use cross-modal priming to investigate whether an A-scrambled direct object gives rise to antecedent reactivation effects in the position where a movement theory would postulate a trace. Our results indicate that this is not the case, thereby providing support for a base-generation analysis of A-scrambling in Dutch."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133076873",
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:Trace",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:bll-133116018",
"bllo:bll-133116948"
] | [
[
"Alternation",
"Alternation"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Trace",
"Trace"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Dutch",
"Niederländisch"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"NullElement",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Null element",
"Null-Element"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
39858 | On the Causative/Anti-Causative Alternation as Principle of Affix Ordering in the Light of the Mirror Principle, the Lexical Integrity Principle and the Distributed Morphology | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This contribution is organized as follows: in section 1, I propose a formulation of the Mirror Principle (MP) based on syntactic features; the examples will be taken from Causatives and Anti-Causatives that are derived by affixes (in Russian, Czech, Polish, German, English as compared to Japanese and Chichewa) by head-to-head movement. In section 2, I review some basic facts in support of a syntactic approach to Merge of Causatives and Anti-Causatives, proposing that theta roles are also syntactic Features that merge functional affixes with their stems in a well-defined way. I first try to give some external evidence in showing that Causatives and Anti-Causatives obey a principle of thematic hierarchy early postulated in generative literature by Jackendoff (1972; 43), and later reformulated in terms of argument-structure-ordering principle by Grimshaw (1990:chapter 2). Crucial for my paper is the working hypothesis that every syntactic theory which tries to capture the data not only descriptively but also explanatively should descend from three levels of syntactic representation: a-structure where the relation between predicate and its arguments (and adjuncts) takes place, thematic structure where the theta-roles are assigned to their arguments, and event structure, which decides about the aspectual distribution and division of events."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:800",
"Institut für Slavistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133109070",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:SyntacticRepresentation",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133085279",
"bllo:bll-13311905X",
"bllo:SyntacticTheory",
"bllo:bll-133118894",
"bllo:bll-133116018",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:Distribution",
"bllo:bll-133126447",
"bllo:bll-133121011"
] | [
[
"Japanese",
"Japanisch"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Syntactic representation",
"Syntaktische Repräsentation"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Chichewa",
"Chichewa"
],
[
"Predicate",
"Prädikat"
],
[
"Syntactic theory",
"Syntaktische Theorie"
],
[
"Polish",
"Polnisch"
],
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Distribution",
"Distribution"
],
[
"Czech",
"Tschechisch"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russisch"
]
] | [
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ZoneN",
"bll-133080188",
"SouthernBantoid",
"bll-264764609",
"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"EastSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"Japanisch-Ryukyu"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Zone N",
"Zone N"
],
[
"Bantu languages",
"Bantusprachen"
],
[
"Southern Bantoid",
"Süd-Bantoid"
],
[
"Bantoid languages",
"Bantoid-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"East Slavic",
"Ostslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
39891 | Sprachkontrolle bei Mehrsprachigen | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"For several decades, researchers have tried to explain how speakers of more than one language (multilinguals) manage to keep their languages separate and to switch from one language to the other depending on the context. This ability of multilingual speakers to use the intended language, while avoiding interference from the other language(s) has recently been termed “language control”. \r\nA multitude of studies showed that when bilinguals process one language, the other language is also activated and might compete for selection. According to the most influential model of language control developed over the last two decades, competition from the non-intended language is solved via inhibition. In particular, the Inhibitory Control (IC) model proposed by Green (1998) puts forward that the amount of inhibition applied to the non-relevant language depends on its dominance, in that the stronger the language the greater the strength of inhibition applied to it. Within this account, the cost required to reactivate a previously inhibited language depends on the amount of inhibition previously exerted on it, that is, reactivation costs are greater for a stronger compared to a weaker language. In a nutshell, according to the IC model, language control is determined by language dominance. \r\nThe goal of the present dissertation is to investigate the extent to which language control in multilinguals is affected by language dominance and whether and how other factors might influence this process. Three main factors are considered in this work: (i) the time speakers have to prepare for a certain language or PREPARATION TIME, (ii) the type of languages involved in the interactional context or LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY, and (iii) the PROCESSING MODALITY, that is, whether the way languages are controlled differs between reception and production. \r\nThe results obtained in the four manuscripts, either published or in revision, indicate that language dominance alone does not suffice to explain language switching patterns. In particular, the present thesis shows that language control is profoundly affected by each of the three variables described above. More generally, the findings obtained in the present dissertation indicate that language control in multilingual speakers is a much more dynamic system than previously believed and is not exclusively determined by language dominance, as predicted by the IC model (Green, 1998).",
"Viele Jahrzehnte lang haben Forscher versucht zu erklären, wie es Menschen, die mehr als eine Sprache sprechen (Mehrsprachige), gelingt, Sprachen zu unterscheiden und je nach Kontext zwischen den Sprachen zu wechseln. Diese Fähigkeit von Mehrsprachigen die geplante Sprache zu benutzen und die Interferenzen mit den anderen Sprachen zu vermeiden wird als „Sprachkontrolle“ bezeichnet. \r\nEine Vielzahl von Studien haben gezeigt, dass wenn ein Zweisprachiger eine Sprache verarbeitet, wird die andere Sprache auch aktiviert, sodass sie Teil der Sprachplanung werden könnte. Nach dem beeinflussendesten Modell über Sprachkontrolle, entwickelt in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten, ist Konkurrenz von der nicht beteiligten Sprache durch Inhibition dieser Sprache abgeschafft. Insbesondere schlägt das von Green (1998) aufgestellte Inhibitory Control (IC) Modell vor, dass die Inhibitionsmenge, die benötigt wird, um eine nicht beteiligte Sprache zu unterdrücken, von der Sprachdominanz abhängig ist, beziehungsweise je stärker die Sprache desto mehr Inhibition wird benötigt, um diese Sprache zu inhibieren. Innerhalb dieser Darstellung, sind die Reaktivierungskosten einer unterdrückten Sprache von der Inhibitionsmenge in dieser Sprache abhängig, das heißt, die Reaktivierungskosten sind größer für die stärkere als für die schwächere Sprache. Zusammengefasst nach dem IC Modell ist die Sprachkontrolle durch Sprachdominanz geregelt. \r\nDas Ziel dieser Dissertation ist zu untersuchen, inwiefern Sprachkontrolle bei Mehrsprachigen durch Sprachdominanz geregelt ist und ob und wie andere Faktoren diesen Prozess beeinflussen. Drei Hauptfaktoren sind in dieser Arbeit untersucht: (i) die Zeit über die Sprecher verfügen, um sich für eine bestimmte Sprache vorzubereiten oder VORBEREITUNGSZEIT, (ii) die Typologie der involvierten Sprachen oder SPRACHTYPOLOGIE und (iii) die VERARBEITUNGSMODALITÄT, das heißt, ob Sprachverarbeitung in Produktion und Erkennung anders oder gleich ist. \r\nDie Ergebnisse aus den vier Manuskripten, entweder veröffentlicht oder in Revision, zeigen, dass Sprachdominanz allein nicht die Sprachwechselergebnisse erklären kann. Insbesondere weist diese Doktorarbeit darauf hin, dass Sprachkontrolle stark von den drei obengenannten Faktoren beeinflusst ist. Im Allgemeinen zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation, dass Sprachkontrolle bei Mehrsprachigen ein bedeutend dynamischeres System ist als vorher gedacht, und sie ist nicht ausschließlich durch Sprachdominanz geregelt, wie das IC Modell (Green, 1998) vorschlägt."
] | ddc:410 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133115542",
"bllo:bll-133071324",
"bllo:Interference",
"bllo:Multilingual",
"bllo:bll-133111547",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-202330354",
"bllo:bll-133071324"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Modality",
"Modalität"
],
[
"Language typology",
"Sprachtypologie"
],
[
"Interference",
"Interferenz"
],
[
"Multilingual",
"Mehrsprachig"
],
[
"Control",
"Kontrollbeziehung"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Verbal behaviour",
"Sprechen"
],
[
"Language typology",
"Sprachtypologie"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LingualityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
39916 | The Status of Syntactic Variations in Linguistic Contact Situations | deu | doc-type:article | [
"The article presents first results of a pilot study on the syntactic changes in Polish as a language contact in Germany. On the base of the experimental data tests the study examines the syntactic changes in Polish of two diaspora-generations: the so called forgetters and the incomplete learners. The article focuses on the questions: how the situation of languages in contact influences the syntactic changes in the heritage language (Polish) and which status have those syntactic transferences. Other linguistic and sociolinguistic factors, capable to cause the language change in the situation of language contact, are also discussed in the article."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:800",
"ddc:940",
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133118894",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"Polish",
"Polnisch"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
39917 | Timing of German onset and word boundary clusters | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Previous studies suggest that there are special timing relations in syllable onsets. The consonants are assumed to be timed, on the one hand, with the vocalic nucleus and, on the other hand, with each other. These competing timing relations result in the C-center effect. However, the C-center effect has not consistently been found in languages with complex onsets. Moreover, it has occasionally been found in languages disallowing complex onsets. The present study investigates onset timing in German while discussing alternative explanations (not related to bonding) for the timing patterns observed. Six German speakers were recorded via Electromagnetic Articulography. The corpus contained items with four clusters (/sk/, /kv/, /gl/, and /pl/). The clusters occur in word-initial position, word-medial position, and across a word boundary preceding different vowels. The results suggest that segmental properties (i.e., oral-laryngeal coordination, coarticulatory resistance) determine the observed timing patterns, and specifically the absence or presence of the C-center effect."
] | ddc:410 | [
"Philosophische Fakultät"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073068",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133087956",
"bllo:bll-133074161",
"bllo:Corpus"
] | [
[
"Syllable",
"Silbe"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Word boundary",
"Wortgrenze"
],
[
"Coordination",
"Parataxe"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
]
] | [
[
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"BoundaryPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"InterclausalRelation",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Boundary phenomenon",
"Boundary phenomenon"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Interclausal relation",
"Satzverknüpfung"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
39919 | Variability in English vowels is comparable in articulation and acoustics | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The nature of the links between speech production and perception has been the subject of longstanding debate. The present study investigated the articulatory parameter of tongue height and the acoustic F1–F0 difference for the phonological distinction of vowel height in American English front vowels. Multiple repetitions of /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ/ in [(h)Vd] sequences were recorded in seven adult speakers. Articulatory (ultrasound) and acoustic data were collected simultaneously to provide a direct comparison of variability in vowel production in both domains. Results showed idiosyncratic patterns of articulation for contrasting the three front vowel pairs /i-ɪ/, /e-ɛ/, and /ɛ-æ/ across subjects, with the degree of variability in vowel articulation comparable to that observed in the acoustics for all seven participants. However, contrary to what was expected, some speakers showed reversals for tongue height for /ɪ/-/e/ that were also reflected in acoustics, with F1 higher for /ɪ/ than for /e/. The data suggest the phonological distinction of height is conveyed via speaker-specific articulatory-acoustic patterns that do not strictly match features descriptions. However, the acoustic signal is faithful to the articulatory configuration that generated it, carrying the crucial information for perceptual contrast."
] | ddc:410 | [
"Philosophische Fakultät"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070514",
"bllo:bll-133072959",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-31572529X",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:bll-133073564"
] | [
[
"American English",
"Amerikanisches Englisch"
],
[
"Vowel",
"Vokal"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Perception",
"Wahrnehmung"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Comparison",
"Komparation"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133070409",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
""
] |
3992 | Prosody in conversational questions | eng | doc-type:article | [
"My analysis of question-word questions in conversational question-answer sequences results in the decomposition of the conversational question into three systems of constitutive cues, which signal and contextualize the particular activity type in conversational interaction: (1) syntactic structure, (2) semantic relation to prior turn, and (3) prosody. These components are used and combined by interlocutors to distinguish between different activity types which (4) sequentially implicate different types of answers by the recipient in the next turn. Prosody is only one cooccurring cue, but in some cases it is the only distinctive one. It is shown that prosody, and in particular intonation, cannot be determined or even systematically related to syntactic sentence structure type or other sentence-grammatical principles, as most former and current theories of intonation postulate. Instead, prosody is an independent, autonomous signalling system, which is used as a contextualization device for the constitution of interactively relevant activity types in conversation."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:SemanticRelation",
"bllo:Even",
"bllo:Sentence"
] | [
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Semantic relation",
"Semantische Relation"
],
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
3993 | Reparaturen und lokale Verstehensprobleme oder : zur Binnenstruktur von Reparatursequenzen | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Sequences from natural conversations, which are in ethnomethodological conversational analysis analyzed as \"other-initiated self-repair\", are here described as sequences in which participants manifest and treat local problems of understanding. This approach, which takes participants' perspectives into account, shows that these sequences have a detailed internal structure: - Participants use different types of problem manifestation to signal different types of problems of understanding; syntactic and prosodic cues are used as type-differentiating devices in problem manifestation; for different types of problems different assumptions with respect to the degree of reciprocity can be reconstructed as underlying problem manifestation and problem treatment. - There is a relation of conditional relevance holding between specific types of problem manifestation and specific types of problem treatment. - Problem types are ordered in relation to each other in terms of preference structures. Thus, an analysis which takes participants' perspectives into account and which looks more closely at linguistic signalling cues allows to differentiate between various types of internal structures within so-called repair sequences."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133120031",
"bllo:bll-133072355",
"bllo:bll-133087336"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Reciprocity",
"Reziprozität"
],
[
"Conversational analysis",
"Diskursanalyse"
],
[
"Conditional",
"Konditional"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SemanticRelation",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"MoodFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Semantic relation",
"Semantische Relation"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Mood feature",
"Modus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
3994 | Levels of style-shifting : exemplified in the interaction strategies of a moderator in a listener participation programme | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper investigates speech styles and style-shifting in the speech of the moderator of a German radio participation programme. Style-shifting is shown to affect several distinct linguistic levels: phonetic, morphophonemic, syntactic, and lexical. The functions of style-shifting are related both to the discourse context and the broader institutional context. Relying on listeners' co-occurrence expectations with respect to language use in contexts and exploiting listeners' evaluations of processes of speech convergence and divergence, the moderator uses stereotypic markers at different style levels in locally strategic functions in discourse. On the one hand, thematic development is controlled by reinforcing obligations on the addressee. On the other hand, global social reciprocity patterns are constituted and secured. Patterns of reciprocity vary with different types of addressees. The conversational analysis of language variation shows that variation is not only a quantitative correlate of regional, social and contextual parameters as predominantly conceived of in sociolinguistics. Language variation is furthermore used as a means to signal social and interactive meaning in conversations."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133120031",
"bllo:bll-133071243",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133092887",
"bllo:bll-133072355"
] | [
[
"Reciprocity",
"Reziprozität"
],
[
"Sociolinguistics",
"Soziolinguistik"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Affect",
"Affekt"
],
[
"Conversational analysis",
"Diskursanalyse"
]
] | [
[
"SemanticRelation",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Semantic relation",
"Semantische Relation"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
3999 | Fremdkorrekturen als Manifestationsformen von Verständigungsproblemen | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Inhalt: 1. Einleitung 2. Das Problembehandlungsschema und die Analysekategorien 3. Korrekturtypen 3.1. Unmarkierte Ersetzung eines Bezugselements der voraufgegangenen Äußerung 3.2. Markierte Ersetzung eines Einzelelements der voraufgegangenen Äußerung 3.3. Markierte Ersetzung einer gesamten Bezugsäußerung 4. Präferenzstrukturen 5. Gemeinsamkeitsunterstellungen bei Selbst- und Fremdzuschreibungen von Verstehens- und Verständigungsproblemen"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
4 | Kompetenzniveaus für das Lernen und Lehren von Fremdsprachen | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die Frage, wie sich der Allgemeine Europäische Referenzrahmen mit sechs Stufen und die vier Kompetenzniveaus des UNIcert-Systems aufeinander beziehen lassen. Der Beitrag möchte als ein Angebot an die zuständigen Institutionen des Europarats aufgefaßt werden, den Allgemeinen Europäischen Referenzrahmen unter Einbeziehung des hochschulspezifischen Fremdsprachenunterrichts weiterzuentwickeln. Es müssen Überlegungen zu Beschreibungsparametern, die eine angemessene Progression unter Vermeidung großer Sprünge gewährleisten, angestellt werden. Durch die Einbeziehung von UNIcert könnte die internationale Vergleichbarkeit von Fremdsprachenausbildung und -zertifizierung auch auf dem Hochschulsektor vorangetrieben werden. Für UNIcert würde dies einen wichtigen Schritt von der Transparenz und Kohärenz im nationalen Rahmen zu einer größeren Konvergenz des universitären Sprachenlernens auf europäischer Ebene bedeuten."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Zentrum für Sprachen und Schlüsselkompetenzen (Zessko)"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
4000 | Institutionelle Kommunikation : Stilwechsel als Mittel strategischer Interaktion | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Inhalt: 1 Einleitung 2 Zum Sprechstil Umgangssprache als Bezugsstil 3 Gesprächssteuerung: thematische Steuerung von Sachverhaltsdarstellungen 3.1 Gesprächssteuerung gegenüber Hörern 3.2 Gesprächssteuerung gegenüber Experten 4 Stilwechsel 4.1 Stilwechsel gegenüber Hörern 4.2 Stilwechsel gegenüber Experten 5 Pragmatische Konsequenzen"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
40009 | Region – Sprache – Literatur | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Mit dem neuen Rahmenlehrplan für die Länder Brandenburg und Berlin wird der Kompetenzentwicklung der Schülerinnen und Schüler unter den Bedingungen lebensweltlicher Erfahrungen ein besonderer Stellenwert beigemessen. Der Sammelband enthält Beiträge, in denen den Lehrerinnen und Lehrern vielfältige Unterrichtsmaterialien und didaktische Anregungen für einen praxisnahen, entdeckenden Unterricht in der Primar- und Sekundarstufe für den Deutschunterricht vorgestellt werden. Diese reichen von theoretischen Grundlagen, über einzelne Unterrichtssequenzen und Projekte bis zur Darstellung einer Lernspirale für die Jahrgangsstufen 1 bis 10. Vielfältige, auch multimediale Zugänge bis zum spielerischen Umgang mit der Sprache zeigen, dass Sprache kein „trockener“ Lerngegenstand sein muss. Die Beiträge geben darüber hinaus Einblicke in die fachlichen Hintergründe, die helfen sollen, den Zugang zu den einzelnen Gegenständen zu erleichtern. Das thematische Zentrum „Region“ bildet den Ausgangspunkt für die Einbeziehung des Niederdeutschen, Sorbischen, Berlinischen, Kiezdeutschen sowie der Dialekte. Dabei werden sowohl literarische als auch Sachtexte berücksichtigt."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
4001 | Intonation as a contextualization device : case studies on the role of prosody, especially intonation, in contextualizing story telling in conversation | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Content: 1. Introduction 2. Premisses and descriptive categories 3. A first example 4. A second example 4.1. The internal structure of the story 4.2. The embedding of the story into the surrounding conversation 4.3. Some other relations within the sequence 5. Conclusions"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133092771"
] | [
[
"Embedding",
"Embedding"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
4002 | Intonation and the structuring of a discourse | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Inhalt: 1. Überblick 2. Beschreibungskategorien für Intonation 3. Transkriptionskonventionen 4. Intonationsverläufe 5. Kontextbeschreibung 6. Semantische Diskursentwicklung 7. Zur Wechselwirkung von Intonation und Diskursverlauf",
"The intonation of a stretch of German dialogue, taken from a listener participation programme about housing problems, is investigated in respect of its function in discourse development. A selection of formal properties of intonation is described; these include pitch accents, understood as pulse-like variations in pitch, and the properties of sequences of such accents. In particular the iterative character of accentuation and the cumulation of accent patterns with similar properties is show to configure both turn-taking processes and the semantic development of the dialogue. These relations are interpreted as having strategic value for the role of the moderator."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:bll-133108929",
"bllo:bll-133070158"
] | [
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"Iterative",
"Iterativ"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"AspectFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Aspect feature",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
4003 | Konstitution und Veränderung von Sprechstilen als Kontextualisierungsverfahren : die Rolle von Sprachvariation und Prosodie | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Inhalt: 1. Einleitung 2. Grundlegende Annahmen 3. Das Beispielmaterial 4. Analyse 4.1 Beschreibungskategorien 4.2 Analyse der interaktiven Herstellung und Funktion von Sprechstilveränderungen im Gesprächsverlauf 5. Zusammenfassung und Fazit"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
4005 | Phonologie der Intonation : Probleme bisheriger Modelle und Konsequenzen einer neuen interpretativ-phonologischen Analyse | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es zu zeigen, daß und weshalb Intonationsmodelle, die die Prämissen des traditionellen systemisch-tonetischen Ansatzes teilen, ungeeignet sind für die Analyse natürlicher Sprachverwendung in konversationeller Interaktion. Insbesondere die Grundeinheit der 'Tpngruppe'/'Toneinheit'/'Intonationsphrase' wie auch die Analyse des 'Tonmusters' bzw. der letzten Tonhöhenbewegung der Einheit im Hinblick auf die Unterscheidung und Differenzierung von Satzarten bzw. Satzmodi sind auf die Analyse kontextfreier Sätze zugeschnitten und kaum auf die Verhältnisse der Sprachverwendung in natürlicher konversationeller Interaktion übertragbar. Eine alternative Analyse der Intonation als interaktiv relevantes Signalisierungssystem ermöglicht bessere und plausiblere Beschreibungen. Nleine alternative Konzeption basiert auf der empirischen Analyse eines Korpus natürlicher Daten aus informellen Alltagsgesprächen. Das Ergebnis dieser Analyse ist, daß Intonation als unabhängiges, autonomes Signalisierungssystem aufgefaßt werden muß. Für die derzeit üblichen Ansätze der phonologischen Intonationsforschung ergibt sich die Forderung nach noch stärkerer als bisher angenommener Modularisierung: Zwar steht die Wahl der Akzentstelle in systematischer Beziehung zu grammatischen Prinzipien und muß mit Bezug auf die Grammatik analysiert werden, aber die Wahl der Tonhöhenbewegung kann nicht mit Bezug auf die Grammatik erklärt werden: die letzte Tonhöhenbewegung unterscheidet nicht grammatisch relevante Satzarten/Satzmodi, sondern interaktiv relevante Aktivitätstypen in der konversationeilen Interaktion, die auch je unterschiedliehe sequentielle Implikationen für die konditioneil relevante Antwort haben."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-13307398X"
] | [
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Sentence types",
"Satzarten"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
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