doc_id stringlengths 1 5 | doc_title stringlengths 2 371 | doc_lang stringclasses 15 values | doc_type stringclasses 19 values | doc_desc_list listlengths 1 4 | ddc stringclasses 71 values | doc_subject_list listlengths 0 52 | bll_match_id listlengths 0 57 | bll_match_literals listlengths 0 57 | bll_superclasses listlengths 0 52 | bll_superclass_literals listlengths 0 52 | bll_top_node listlengths 0 57 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1107 | Optimality theory and minimalism : a possible convergence? | eng | doc-type:book | [
"This issue of Linguistics in Potsdam contains a number of papers that grew out of the workshop Descriptive and Empirical Adequacy in Linguistics held in Berlin on December 17-19 December, 2005. One of the goals of this meeting was to bring together scholars working in various frameworks (with emphasis on the Minimalist Program and Optimality Theory) and to discuss matters concerning descriptive and empirical adequacy. Another explicit goal was to discuss the question whether Minimalism and Optimality Theory should be considered incompatible and, hence, competing theories, or whether the two frameworks should rather be considered complementary in certain respects (see http://let.uvt.nl/deal05/call.html for the call for papers). Five of the seven papers in this volume directly grew out of the oral presentations given at the workshop. Although Vieri Samek-Lodovici’s paper was not part of the workshop, it can also be considered a result of the workshop since it pulls together some of his many comments during the discussion time. The paper by Eva Engels and Sten Vikner discusses a phenomenon that received much interest from both minimalist and optimality theoretic syntax in the recent years, Scandinavian object shift. The paper may serve as a practical example for a claim that is repeatedly made in this volume: minimalist and OT analyses, even where they might be competing, can fruitfully inform each other in a constructive manner, leading to a deeper understanding of syntactic phenomena."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:Even",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:bll-13307384X"
] | [
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
1145 | Questionnaire on information structure (OUIS): reference manual | eng | doc-type:book | [
"Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Information Structure 2 Grammatical Correlates of Information Structure 3 Structure of the Questionnaire 4 Experimental Tasks 5 Technicalities 6 Archiving 7 Acknowledgments Chapter 2. General Questions 1 General Information 2 Phonology 3 Morphology and Syntax Chapter 3. Experimental tasks 1 Changes (Given/New in Intransitives and Transitives) 2 Giving (Given/New in Ditransitives) 3 Visibility (Given/New, Animacy and Type/Token Reference) 4 Locations (Given/New in Locative Expressions) 5 Sequences (Given/New/Contrast in Transitives) 6 Dynamic Localization (Given/New in Dynamic Loc. Descriptions) 7 Birthday Party (Weight and Discourse Status) 8 Static Localization (Macro-Planning and Given/New in Locatives) 9 Guiding (Presentational Utterances) 10 Event Cards (All New) 11 Anima (Focus types and Animacy) 12 Contrast (Contrast in pairing events) 13 Animal Game (Broad/Narrow Focus in NP) 14 Properties (Focus on Property and Possessor) 15 Eventives (Thetic and Categorical Utterances) 16 Tell a Story (Contrast in Text) 17 Focus Cards (Selective, Restrictive, Additive, Rejective Focus) 18 Who does What (Answers to Multiple Constituent Questions) 19 Fairy Tale (Topic and Focus in Coherent Discourse) 20 Map Task (Contrastive and Selective Focus in Spontaneous Dialogue) 21 Drama (Contrastive Focus in Argumentation) 22 Events in Places (Spatial, Temporal and Complex Topics) 23 Path Descriptions (Topic Change in Narrative) 24 Groups (Partial Topic) 25 Connections (Bridging Topic) 26 Indirect (Implicational Topic) 27 Surprises (Subject-Topic Interrelation) 28 Doing (Action Given, Action Topic) 29 Influences (Question Priming) Chapter 4. Translation tasks 1 Basic Intonational Properties 2 Focus Translation 3 Topic Translation 4 Quantifiers Chapter 5. Information structure summary survey 1 Preliminaries 2 Syntax 3 Morphology 4 Prosody 5 Summary: Information structure Chapter 6. Performance of Experimental Tasks in the Field 1 Field sessions 2 Field Session Metadata 3 Informants’ Agreement"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern",
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133094030",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:bll-133114155",
"bllo:Text",
"bllo:bll-212775510",
"bllo:bll-275010589",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-133120139",
"bllo:bll-13307384X"
] | [
[
"Weight",
"Gewichtsbezeichnung"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Locative",
"Lokativ"
],
[
"Text",
"Text"
],
[
"Game",
"Spiel"
],
[
"Translation",
"Übersetzen"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Reference",
"Referenz"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"SemanticRelation",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Semantic relation",
"Semantische Relation"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
1186 | Semantic categories and attribute knowledge : an experimental study on the semantic representations of concrete objects | deu | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Die Arbeit untersucht die Annahme einer unterschiedlichen Gewichtung von distinktiven enzyklopädischen, funktionalen und sensorischen Merkmalen innerhalb der Repräsentationen von Objekten der belebten und unbelebten semantischen Domäne. Hierzu wurde ein Reaktionszeitexperiment zur Merkmalsverifikation durchgeführt. Vorab wurden deutsche Normen über das geschätzte Erwerbsalter für 244 Stimuli aus dem Korpus von Snodgrass & Vanderwart (1980) erhoben. Weiterhin wurde eine Datenbank von Merkmalsnormen für 80 konkrete Objektbegriffe erstellt. Insgesamt wurden zwei Reaktionszeitexperimente durchgeführt, die sich lediglich durch die Darbietungsdauer des Konzeptbegriffes unterschieden. Der Konzeptbegriff wurde entweder 1000 ms (lange Darbietung) oder 250 ms (kurze Darbietung) präsentiert, bevor das zu verifizierende semantische Merkmal erschien. Bei langer Präsentationszeit des Objektbegriffes zeigten sich für Objekte der unbelebten Domäne schnellere Reaktionszeiten beim Verifizieren von distinktiven funktionalen Merkmalen als beim Verifizieren von distinktiven enzyklopädischen Merkmalen. Dieser Effekt wurde bei kurzer Darbietungsdauer des Konzeptbegriffes repliziert. Bei kurzer Darbietung konnten für Objekte der unbelebten Domäne zusätzlich kürzere Reaktionszeiten beim Verifizieren distinktiver funktionaler Merkmale als beim Verifizieren distinktiver sensorischer Merkmale beobachtet werden. Für Objekte der belebten Domäne lagen weder nach kurzer noch nach langer Präsentation des Objektbegriffes Unterschiede in den Reaktionszeiten beim Verifizieren der semantischen Merkmale vor. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund aktueller neurolinguistischer Modelle zur Organisation des semantischen Gedächtnisses diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass innerhalb der Objektrepräsentationen belebter Objekte alle drei Merkmalstypen interkorrelieren. Für Objekte der unbelebten Domäne werden starke Interkorrelationen zwischen funktionalen und sensorischen Merkmalen angenommen. Zusätzlich wird davon ausgegangen, dass distinktive funktionale Merkmale innerhalb der Repräsentationen unbelebter Objekte besonders stark gewichtet sind.",
"The study investigates the assumption of a differential weighting of distinctive encyclopaedic, functional and sensory semantic attributes within the concept representations of living and nonliving objects. A speeded feature verification task was conducted. In order to control the stimuli for various aspects, German norms were collected of estimated age of acquistion for 244 stimuli of the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) pictures. In addition, a feature listing study was carried out for 80 concrete living and nonliving concepts. Two reaction time experiments were conducted with different duration times of the presented object name. In Experiment 1 (long duration time), the object name was presented for 1000 ms, whereas in Experiment 2 (short duration time), the object name was presented for 250 ms before the semantic feature appeared. With long duration time, distinctive functional features of nonliving objects were verified faster than distinctive encyclopaedic features. This effect was replicated in Experiment 2 after short presentation of the object names. In addition, in Experiment 2, shorter reaction times were observed for functional features than for sensory features of nonliving objects. For living objects, no differences were observed in verifying the different feature types neither in Experiment 1 nor in Experiment 2. The results are discussed within the framework of different models of semantic memory. The results suggest that within the category of living objects, distinctive encyclopaedic, functional and sensory features are highly intercorrelated. For nonliving objects, it is assumed that distinctive sensory and functional but not encyclopaedic features are highly intercorrelated. In addition, distinctive functional features of nonliving objects seem to be weighted more strongly than distinctive sensory features within the object representations of nonliving objects."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:SemanticFeature",
"bllo:bll-133101037",
"bllo:bll-133111547",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133072851"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Semantic feature",
"Semantisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Concept",
"Konzept"
],
[
"Control",
"Kontrollbeziehung"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
1195 | Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; Working papers of the SFB 632 - Vol. 5 | eng | doc-type:book | [
"In this paper we compare the behaviour of adverbs of frequency (de Swart 1993) like usually with the behaviour of adverbs of quantity like for the most part in sentences that contain plural definites. We show that sentences containing the former type of Q-adverb evidence that Quantificational Variability Effects (Berman 1991) come about as an indirect effect of quantification over situations: in order for quantificational variability readings to arise, these sentences have to obey two newly observed constraints that clearly set them apart from sentences containing corresponding quantificational DPs, and that can plausibly be explained under the assumption that quantification over (the atomic parts of) complex situations is involved. Concerning sentences with the latter type of Q-adverb, on the other hand, such evidence is lacking: with respect to the constraints just mentioned, they behave like sentences that contain corresponding quantificational DPs. We take this as evidence that Q-adverbs like for the most part do not quantify over the atomic parts of sum eventualities in the cases under discussion (as claimed by Nakanishi and Romero (2004)), but rather over the atomic parts of the respective sum individuals."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik",
"Department Psychologie"
] | [
"bllo:Plural",
"bllo:bll-13311497X",
"bllo:bll-133104133"
] | [
[
"Plural",
"Plural"
],
[
"Quantity",
"Mengenbezeichnung"
],
[
"Frequency",
"Häufigkeitsbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"NumberFeature",
"AgreementFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Number feature",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Agreement feature",
"Kongruenz"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
128 | Erwerb der frühen Verbmorphologie im Estnischen | deu | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Die Studie untersucht den Erwerb der frühen Verbmorphologie im Estnischen. Als Datengrundlage der Arbeit dienen Spontansprachaufnahmen von 10 estnischsprachigen Kindern im Alter zwischen 10 und 32 Monaten. Die Studie versucht eine detaillierte Analyse des Erwerbs des estnischsprachigen Verbmorphologie vorzunehmen. Dabei werden die aufeinander folgenden Entwicklungsstadien, ihre ungefähren Altersgrenzen, sowie Erwerbsreihenfolge dargestellt und mit typologisch unterschiedlichen Sprachen verglichen.",
"The thesis 'The acquisition of early verbal morphology in Estonian' examines the development of the early stages of acquisition of Estonian verbal morphology. The study based on recordings of the spontaneous speech production of 10 monolingual Estonian children between the age of 10 and 32 months. More specifically the study focusses on the investigation of aspects of the acquisition of inflectional morphology which can be derived from the language specific morphophonological properties of Estonian and compared with those of typologically different languages like English."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133087042",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:Monolingual",
"bllo:bll-13309460X",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-133077136"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Old age",
"Alter"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Monolingual",
"Einsprachig"
],
[
"Estonian",
"Estnisch"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LingualityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"Monolingual"
],
[
"Finnic",
"bll-133096793",
"bll-13308390X",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Finnic",
"Ostseefinnisch"
],
[
"Finno-Ugric languages",
"Finno-Ugrische Sprachen"
],
[
"Uralic languages",
"Uralische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1294 | Information structure in cross-linguistic corpora : annotation guidelines for phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and information structure | eng | doc-type:book | [
"This volume presents annotation guidelines that have been developed in the context of the SFB 632, a collaborative research center entitled \"Information Structure: the Linguistic Means for Structuring Utterances, Sentences and Texts\". An important result of the SFB 632 are the SFB corpora from more than 20 typologically different languages, which have been annotated according to the guidelines presented here. The ultimate target of the data and its annotations is to support the study of Information Structure. Information Structure involves all levels of grammar and, hence, the present guidelines cover relevant aspects of all these levels: - Phonology - Morphology - Syntax - Semantics - Information Structure These levels are dealt with in individual chapters, containing tagset declarations with obligatory and optional tags, detailed annotation instructions, and illustrative examples. The volume also presents an evaluation of inter-annotator agreement of Syntax and Information Structural annotation."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:StructuralAnnotation",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:Annotation"
] | [
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"More"
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[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Structural annotation",
"Annotation der Textstruktur"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Annotation",
"Annotation"
]
] | [
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"bll-133102556",
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"LanguageRelatedTerm"
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],
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],
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],
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"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
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],
[
"OperationOrMethode",
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]
] | [
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],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
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]
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[
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] |
1329 | Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; Working papers of the SFB 632. - Vol. 8 | eng | doc-type:book | [
"The 8th volume of the working paper series Interdisciplinary Studies on Information Structure (ISIS) of the SFB 632 contains a collection of eight papers contributed by guest authors and SFB-members. The first paper on “Biased Questions” is an invited contribution by Nicholas Asher (CNRS, Laboratoire IRIT) & Brian Reese (University of Texas at Austin). Surveying English tag questions, negative polar questions, and what they term “focus” questions, they investigate the effects of prosody on discourse function and discourse structure and analyze the interaction between prosody and discourse in SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory). Stefan Hinterwimmer (A2) explores the interpretation of singular definites and universally quantified DPs in adverbially quantified English sentences. He suggests that the availability of a co-varying interpretation is more constrained in the case of universally quantified DPs than in the case of singular definites, because different from universally quantified DPs, co-varying definites are inherently focus-marked. The existence of striking similarities between topic/comment structure and bimanual coordination is pointed out and investigated by Manfred Krifka (A2). Showing how principles of bimanual coordination influence the expression of topic/comment structure beyond spoken language, he suggests that bimanual coordination might have been a preadaptation of the development of Information Structure in human communication. Among the different ways of expressing focus in Foodo, an underdescribed African Guang language of the Kwa family, the marked focus constructions are the central topic of the paper by Ines Fiedler (B1 & D2). Exploring the morphosyntactic facilities that Foodo has for focalization, she suggests that the two focus markers N and n have developed out of a homophone conjunction. Focus marking in another scarcely documented African tone language, the Gur language Konkomba, is treated by Anne Schwarz (B1 & D2). Comparing the two alleged focus markers lé and lá of the language, she argues that lé is better interpreted as a syntactic device rather than as a focus marker and shows that this analysis is corroborated by parallels in related languages. The reflexes of Information Structure in four different European languages (French, German, Greek and Hungarian) are compared and validated by Sam Hellmuth & Stavros Skopeteas (D2). The production data was collected with selected materials of the Questionnaire on Information Structure (QUIS) developed at the SFB. The results not only allow for an evaluation of the current elicitation paradigms, but also help to identify potentially fruitful venues of future research. Frank Kügler, Stavros Skopeteas (D2) & Elisabeth Verhoeven (University of Bremen) give an account of the encoding of Information Structure in Yucatec Maya, a Mayan tone language spoken on the Yucatecan peninsula in Mexico. The results of a production experiment lead them to the conclusion that focus is mainly expressed by syntax in this language. Stefanie Jannedy (D3) undertakes an instrumental investigation on the expressions and interpretation of focus in Vietnamese, a language of the Mon-Khmer family contrasting six lexical tones. The data strongly suggests that focus in Vietnamese is exclusively marked by prosody (intonational emphasis expressed via duration, f0 and amplitude) and that different focus conditions can reliably be recovered. This volume offers insights into current work conducted at the SFB 632, comprising empirical and theoretical aspects of Information Structure in a multitude of languages. Several of the papers mine field work data collected during the first phase of the SFB and explore the expression of Information Structure in tone and non-tone languages from various regions of the world."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133099377",
"bllo:bll-133102556",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:Spoken",
"bllo:bll-133105105",
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"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
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"bllo:Human",
"bllo:Greek",
"bllo:bll-133126692",
"bllo:bll-13307594X",
"bllo:bll-133114759",
"bllo:Yucatec",
"bllo:bll-133127702",
"bllo:bll-133070557",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
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"Future",
"Futur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Spoken language",
"Gesprochene Sprache"
],
[
"Instrumental",
"Instrumental"
],
[
"Coordination",
"Parataxe"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Mon-Khmer",
"Mon-Khmer"
],
[
"Communication",
"Kommunikation"
],
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Conjunction",
"Konjunktion"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Human",
"Menschlich"
],
[
"Greek",
"Griechisch"
],
[
"Hungarian",
"Ungarisch"
],
[
"Yucatec",
"Yukatan"
],
[
"Maya",
"Maya"
],
[
"Yucatecan",
"Yukatekisch"
],
[
"Vietnamese",
"Vietnamesisch"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
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"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
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"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
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"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Ambiguously defined concept",
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]
],
[
[
"Interclausal relation",
"Satzverknüpfung"
],
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"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Austroasiatic languages",
"Austroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Humanness feature",
"Menschlichkeit"
],
[
"Semantic feature",
"Semantisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Finno-Ugric languages",
"Finno-Ugrische Sprachen"
],
[
"Uralic languages",
"Uralische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Yucatecan",
"Yukatekisch"
],
[
"Maya",
"Maya"
],
[
"Indigenous languages of North and Central America",
"Indigene Sprachen Nordamerikas und Zentralamerikas"
],
[
"Native American languages",
"Indigene amerikanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Indigenous languages of North and Central America",
"Indigene Sprachen Nordamerikas und Zentralamerikas"
],
[
"Native American languages",
"Indigene amerikanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Maya",
"Maya"
],
[
"Indigenous languages of North and Central America",
"Indigene Sprachen Nordamerikas und Zentralamerikas"
],
[
"Native American languages",
"Indigene amerikanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Mon-Khmer",
"Mon-Khmer"
],
[
"Austroasiatic languages",
"Austroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
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"LanguageRelatedTerm",
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"SemanticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
1348 | High-Speed communication : the dynamics of social acceleration and medial initiated language change exemplified by written based communication | deu | doc-type:masterThesis | [
"Die moderne Kultur- und Sozialgeschichte lässt sich – auf den Ebenen des Transports, der Informationsübertragung und der interpersonellen Kommunikation – als ein sich permanent steigernder Beschleunigungsprozess beschreiben. Insbesondere neuartige Medientechnologien verkürzen die zeitlichen Intervalle der Kommunikation zunehmend. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass sich die dem Geschwindigkeitsimperativ unterliegenden neuen Kommunikationsbedingungen in sprachlichen Innovationen niederschlagen und diese wiederum Indikatoren für Sprachwandel sind. In der jüngsten linguistischen Forschung wird allerdings vielfach die These geäußert, der Sprachgebrauch in den neuen Medien indiziere fundamentale Veränderungen der Schriftlichkeit und führe zu einem sprachlichen Verfall besonderen Ausmaßes. Diese These soll am Beispiel schriftbasierter Alltagskommunikation – vom Telegramm über den Brief und der Internetkommunikation bis hin zur SMS-Kommunikation – in medien-, kultur- und texthistorischen Zusammenhängen überprüft werden. Es geht darum, die kulturhistorischen Modalitäten der Medien- und Beschleunigungsgenese aufzudecken und spezifische mediale und kontextuelle Bedingungen sprachlicher Veränderungen herauszustellen.",
"It is generally considered that the modern history of culture is widely influenced by a permanent process of increasing acceleration. This social trend occurs on different levels, such as public transport, information transport and interpersonal communication. Particularly, new emerging media technologies are abbreviating the temporal intervals of daily communication increasingly. Starting from this premise, it can be assumed that new conditions of communication based on speed imperatives result in special linguistic innovations. In doing so, these innovations clearly reveal the mechanisms of language change. However, in recent linguistic debates, it is frequently asserted that the use of language in new media applications causes fundamental changes of written language and, moreover, results in a language decay of exceeding extent. By pulling together several strands of empirical evidence and conceptual approaches this thesis is to be examined by the example of written-based everyday life communication, i.e. telegram, letter and Internet communication up to SMS communication - within a medial, cultural and text-historical context. The objective of this paper is to investigate the culture-historical modalities of media and acceleration genesis and to point specific medial and contextual conditions out of language change."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-18533539X",
"bllo:bll-197234038",
"bllo:bll-13311564X",
"bllo:bll-13307904X",
"bllo:Letter",
"bllo:bll-341091448",
"bllo:Written",
"bllo:bll-13307904X"
] | [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"Life",
"Leben"
],
[
"Modernity",
"Moderne"
],
[
"Communication",
"Kommunikation"
],
[
"Letter",
"Buchstabe"
],
[
"Culture",
"Kultur"
],
[
"Written language",
"Geschriebene Sprache"
],
[
"Communication",
"Kommunikation"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
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],
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],
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"bll-133073238",
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"GraphemicPhenomenon"
],
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],
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"ModalityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
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[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
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"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
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],
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"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Grapheme",
"Graphem"
],
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"Orthographic entity",
"Orthographische Einheit"
],
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"Graphemic phenomenon",
"Graphemisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
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"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1361 | German court room shows as communicative genres : a conversation analytical investigation of “Richter Alexander Hold”, „Richterin Barbara Salesch“ and „Das Strafgericht“ | deu | doc-type:masterThesis | [
"In Gerichtsshows wie „Richter Alexander Hold“, „Richterin Barbara Salesch“ und „Das Strafgericht“ agieren Laiendarsteller semi-spontan als Teilnehmer einer fiktiven Gerichtsverhandlung. Hier wird also eine kommunikative Gattung aus der öffentlichen Kommunikation – die Gerichtsverhandlung – als Folie für eine Unterhaltungssendung genutzt. In dieser Arbeit wird die Gerichtsshow mithilfe des Konzeptes der kommunikativen Gattung beschrieben. Die Darstellung findet auf den verschiedenen Ebenen der kommunikativen Gattung \"Binnenebene\", \"situative Realisierungsebene\" und \"Außenstruktur\" statt. Außerdem wird dem Modell der kommunikativen Gattung als weitere Ebene die \"mediale Außenstruktur\" hinzugefügt, um die Beschreibbarkeit des Mediengesprächs \"Gerichtsshow\" zu verbessern. Die Analyse der Gerichtsshow zeigt, dass hier durch die Beteiligten eine Kontextualisierung als Gerichtsverhandlung aufgebaut wird. Die Teilnehmer müssen jedoch zugleich Aufgaben bewältigen, die denen einer Unterhaltungssendung entsprechen. Eine zentrale Aufgabe der Beteiligten ist daher das ständige Aushandeln zwischen der Produktion der Kontextualisierung als Gerichtsverhandlung einerseits und der Erfüllung der Anforderungen einer Unterhaltungssendung andererseits. In diesem Aushandlungsprozess entsteht eine gerichtsshowspezifische Darstellung von Kommunikation vor Gericht, die in dieser Arbeit mithilfe von rechtssoziologischen Konzepten wie dem der \"Verfahrensgerechtigkeit\" in ihrer Bedeutung im Diskurs um Recht und Gerechtigkeit eingeordnet wird. Die Analyse findet anhand von transkribierten Ausschnitten aus den Sendungen „Richter Alexander Hold“, „Richterin Barbara Salesch“ und „Das Strafgericht“ statt.",
"In German court room shows like “Richter Alexander Hold”, “Richterin Barbara Salesch“ and “Das Strafgericht“, amateur actors perform semi-spontaneous as participants of a fictional trial. The present thesis analyzes court room shows as communicative genres, using the concept of “Kommunikative Gattungen” as introduced by Beger/Luckmann (1988) and Günthner (1995). The analysis shows that court room shows' participants use court-specific contextualization cues to contextualize their interaction as a trial. At the same time, they have to fulfil tasks which are typical of shows and especially talk shows. Participants thus have to negotiate between producing a court-contextualization on the one hand and managing talk show tasks on the other hand. This negotiation produces a representation of court room communication that is typical of court room shows."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307904X",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133101037",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-13307904X"
] | [
[
"Communication",
"Kommunikation"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Concept",
"Konzept"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Communication",
"Kommunikation"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
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],
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],
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"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1430 | The notions of information structure | eng | doc-type:book | [
"Contents: Introduction (The Editors) Basic Notions of Information Structure (Manfred Krifka) Notions of Focus Anaphoricity (Mats Rooth) Topic and Focus: Two Structural Positions Associated with Logical Functions in the Left Periphery of the Hungarian Sentence (Katalin É. Kiss) Direct and Indirect Aboutness Topics (Cornelia Endriss & Stefan Hinterwimmer) Information Structure as Information-based Partition (Satoshi Tomioka) Focus Presuppositions (Dorit Abush) Contrastive Focus, Givenness and the Unmarked Status of “Discourse-new”(Elisabeth O. Selkirk) Contrastive Focus (Malte Zimmermann) The Fallacy of Invariant Phonological Correlates of Information Structural Notions (Caroline Féry) Notions and Subnotions of Information Structure (Carlos Gussenhoven) The Restricted Access of Information Structure to Syntax – A Minority Report (Gisbert Fanselow) Focus and Tone (Katharina Hartmann)"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133126692",
"bllo:AccessTypeFeature",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-13307384X"
] | [
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Hungarian",
"Ungarisch"
],
[
"Access",
"Zugriff"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
]
] | [
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133096793",
"bll-13308390X",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Finno-Ugric languages",
"Finno-Ugrische Sprachen"
],
[
"Uralic languages",
"Uralische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
1433 | Phonology limited | deu | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Phonology Limited is a study of the areas of phonology where the application of optimality theory (OT) has previously been problematic. Evidence from a wide variety of phenomena in a wide variety of languages is presented to show that interactions involving more than just faithfulness and markedness are best analyzed as involving language-specific morphological constraints rather than universal phonological constraints. OT has proved to be a highly insightful and successful theory of linguistics in general and phonology in particular, focusing as it does on surface forms and treating the relationship between inputs and outputs as a form of conflict resolution. Yet there have also been a number of serious problems with the approach that have led some detractors to argue that OT has failed as a theory of generative grammar. The most serious of these problems is opacity, defined as a state of affairs where the grammatical output of a given input appears to violate more constraints than an ungrammatical competitor. It is argued that these problems disappear once language-specific morphological constraints are allowed to play a significant role in analysis. Specifically, a number of processes of Tiberian Hebrew traditionally considered opaque are reexamined and shown to be straightforwardly transparent, but crucially involving morphological constraints on form, such as a constraint requiring certain morphological forms to end with a syllabic trochee, or a constraint requiring paradigm uniformity with regard to the occurrence of fricative allophones of stop phonemes. Language-specific morphological constraints are also shown to play a role in allomorphy, where a lexeme is associated with more than one input; the constraint hierarchy then decides which input is grammatical in which context. For example, [ɨ]/[ə] and [u]/[ə] alternation found in some lexemes but not in others in Welsh is attributed to the presence of two inputs for the lexemes with the alternation. A novel analysis of the initial consonant mutations of the modern Celtic languages argues that mutated forms are separately listed inputs chosen in appropriate contexts by constraints on morphology and syntax, rather than being outputs that are phonologically unfaithful to their unmutated inputs. Finally, static irregularities and lexical exceptions are examined and shown to be attributable to language-specific morphological constraints. In American English, the distribution of tense and lax vowels is predictable in several contexts; however, in some contexts, the distributions of tense [ɔ] vs. lax [a] and of tense [æ] vs. lax [æ] are not as expected. It is shown that clusters of output-output faithfulness constraints create a pattern to which words are attracted, which however violates general phonological considerations. New words that enter the language first obey the general phonological considerations before being attracted into the language-specific exceptional pattern."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133076873",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133112608",
"bllo:Constraint",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
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"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:Lax",
"bllo:Allomorphy",
"bllo:bll-133073017",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:Universal",
"bllo:bll-217289088",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-133109836",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:Tense",
"bllo:bll-133084698",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133081907",
"bllo:Distribution",
"bllo:bll-133070514",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133105334",
"bllo:bll-133098664",
"bllo:Markedness",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:Lexeme",
"bllo:bll-133127532"
] | [
[
"Alternation",
"Alternation"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Welsh",
"Kymrisch"
],
[
"Constraint",
"Constraint"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Opacity",
"Opazität"
],
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Lax",
"Ungespannt"
],
[
"Allomorphy",
"Allomorphie"
],
[
"Consonant",
"Konsonant"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Universal",
"Universalie"
],
[
"Initial",
"Initiale"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Tense",
"Gespannt"
],
[
"State",
"Zustandsbezeichnung"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Trochee",
"Trochäus"
],
[
"Distribution",
"Distribution"
],
[
"American English",
"Amerikanisches Englisch"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Hebrew",
"Hebräisch"
],
[
"Fricative",
"Frikativa"
],
[
"Markedness",
"Markiertheit"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Lexeme",
"Lexem"
],
[
"Stop",
"Verschlusslaut"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
],
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"TensenessFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
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"MorphologicalRelation",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
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"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
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"Abbreviation",
"Residual",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
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"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"TensenessFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Foot",
"MetricalCategory",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070409",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133102599",
"CentralSemitic",
"WestSemitic",
"bll-133122344",
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133117154",
"MannerFeature",
"ConsonantTypeFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133117154",
"MannerFeature",
"ConsonantTypeFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Tenseness feature",
"Spannung"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphological relation",
"Morphologische Relation"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Abbreviation",
"Abkürzung"
],
[
"Residual",
"Restkategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Tenseness feature",
"Spannung"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Foot",
"Fuß"
],
[
"Metrical category",
"Metrische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Canaanite",
"Kanaanäisch"
],
[
"Central Semitic",
"Zentralsemitisch"
],
[
"West Semitic",
"Westsemitisch"
],
[
"Semitic languages",
"Semitische Sprachen"
],
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Obstruent",
"Obstruent"
],
[
"Manner feature",
"Artikulationsmodus"
],
[
"Consonant type feature",
"Konsonantenart"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Obstruent",
"Obstruent"
],
[
"Manner feature",
"Artikulationsmodus"
],
[
"Consonant type feature",
"Konsonantenart"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
1502 | Der Einstieg in die Grammatik : Spracherwerb während des ersten Lebensjahres | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Die jüngere Forschung zum Spracherwerb hat gezeigt, dass sich schon in den ersten Äußerungen von Kindern bestimmte Strukturmerkmale der Sprache, die die Kinder lernen, zeigen, d.h., es gibt Bereiche, in denen im normalen Erwerb praktisch keine Fehler zu beobachten sind. Dies lässt den Schluss zu, dass die Kinder entsprechendes Wissen über die Zielsprache bereits erwerben, bevor sie entsprechende Äußerungen produzieren. Diese frühen Erwerbsschritte können in erster Linie über die Untersuchung der Sprachwahrnehmung untersucht werden. Solche Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass Kinder schon sehr früh gerade für prosodische Eigenschaften der Sprache sensitiv sind und dass sie diese Sensitivität unter anderem für die Erkennung von Wortgrenzen einsetzen. Die frühen Fähigkeiten zur Sprachwahrnehmung und -verarbeitung stehen offenbar in einem direkten Zusammenhang zur späteren lexikalischen und syntaktischen Entwicklung."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:bll-133071235"
] | [
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"Language acquisition",
"Spracherwerb"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
1503 | Functional elements in infants’ speech processing : the role of determiners in the syntactic categorization of lexical elements | eng | doc-type:article | [
"How do children determine the syntactic category of novel words? In this article we present the results of 2 experiments that investigated whether German children between 12 and 16 months of age can use distributional knowledge that determiners precede nouns and subject pronouns precede verbs to syntactically categorize adjacent novel words. Evidence from the head-turn preference paradigm shows that, although 12- to 13-month-olds cannot do this, 14- to 16-month-olds are able to use a determiner to categorize a following novel word as a noun. In contrast, no categorization effect was found for a novel word following a subject pronoun. To understand this difference we analyzed adult child-directed speech. This analysis showed that there are in fact stronger co-occurrence relations between determiners and nouns than between subject pronouns and verbs. Thus, in German determiners may be more reliable cues to the syntactic category of an adjacent novel word than are subject pronouns. We propose that the capacity to syntactically categorize novel words, demonstrated here for the first time in children this young, mediates between the recognition of the specific morphosyntactic frame in which a novel word appears and the word-to-world mapping that is needed to build up a semantic representation for the novel word."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern",
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:Noun",
"bllo:bll-133089118",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:SyntacticCategory",
"bllo:bll-133119394"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"Noun",
"Nomen"
],
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Pronoun",
"Pronomen"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
1504 | The recognition of discontinuous verbal dependencies by German 19-month-olds : evidence for lexical and structural influences on children’s early processing capacities | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Recent work has shown that English-learning 18-month-olds can detect the relationship between discontinuous morphemes such as is and -ing in Grandma is always running (Gomez, 2002; Santelmann & Jusczyk, 1998) but only at a maximum of 3 intervening syllables. In this article we examine the tracking of discontinuous dependencies in children acquiring German. Due to freer word order, German allows for greater distances between dependent elements and a greater syntactic variety of the intervening elements than English does. The aim of this study was to investigate whether factors other than distance may influence the child’s capacity to recognize discontinuous elements. Our findings provide evidence that children’s recognition capacities are affected not only by distance but also by their ability to linguistically analyze the material intervening between the dependent elements. We speculate that this result supports the existence of processing mechanisms that reduce a discontinuous relation to a local one based on subcategorization relations."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern",
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:bll-133124738",
"bllo:bll-133077136"
] | [
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Subcategorization",
"Subkategorisierung"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1505 | Word processing at 19 months and its relation to language performance at 30 months : a retrospective analysis of data from German learning children | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Recent research has shown that the early lexical representations children establish in their second year of life already seem to be phonologically detailed enough to allow differentiation from very similar forms. In contrast to these findings children with specific language impairment show problems in discriminating phonologically similar word forms up to school age. In our study we investigated the question whether there would be differences in the processing of phonological details in normally developing and in children with low language performance in the second year of life. This was done by a retrospective study in which in the processing of phonological details was tested by a preferential looking experiment when the children were 19 months old. At the age of 30 months children were tested with a standardized German test of language comprehension and production (SETK2). The preferential looking data at 19 months revealed an opposite reaction pattern for the two groups: while the children scoring normally in the SETK2 increase their fixations of a pictured object only when it was named with the correct word, children with later low language performance did so only when presented with a phonologically slightly deviant mispronunciation. We suggest that this pattern does not point to a specific deficit in processing phonological information in these children but might be related to an instability of early phonological representations, and/or a generalized problem of information processing as compared to typically developing children."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern",
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-197234038",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:Word"
] | [
[
"Life",
"Leben"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1506 | The effect of phonotactic constraints in German-speaking children with delayed phonological acquisition : evidence from production of word-initial consonant clusters | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In this study the effect of phonotactic constraints concerning word-initial consonant clusters in children with delayed phonological acquisition was explored. Twelve German-speaking children took part (mean age 5;1). The spontaneous speech of all children was characterized by the regular appearance of the error patterns fronting, e.g., Kuh (cow) → /tu:/, or stopping, e.g., Schaf (sheep) → /ta:f/, which were inappropriate for their chronological age. The children were asked to produce words (picture naming task, word repetition task) with initial consonant clusters, in which the application of the error patterns would violate phonotactic sequence constraints. For instance, if fronting would apply in /kl-/, e.g., Kleid (dress), it would be realized as the phontactically illegal consonant cluster /tl-/. The results indicate that phonotactic constraints affect word production in children with delayed phonological developments. Surprisingly, we found that children with fronting produced the critical consonants correctly significantly more often in word-initial consonant clusters than in words in which they appeared as singleton onsets. In addition, the results provide evidence for a similar developmental trajectory of acquisition in children with typical development and in children with delayed phonological acquisition. Keywords: Children with delayed phonological acquisition, phonotactic constraints, word-initial consonant clusters, fronting, stopping."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-313464634",
"bllo:bll-133073017",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133092887",
"bllo:bll-340657677",
"bllo:bll-217289088"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Appearance",
"Aussehen"
],
[
"Consonant",
"Konsonant"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Affect",
"Affekt"
],
[
"Error",
"Irrtum"
],
[
"Initial",
"Initiale"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Abbreviation",
"Residual",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Abbreviation",
"Abkürzung"
],
[
"Residual",
"Restkategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
151 | L'enseignement et l'apprentissage intégrés de langues vivantes par l'hypermédia dans les établissements de l'enseignement supérieur | fra | doc-type:article | [
"On peut qualifier les hyperlivres de matériaux d'enseignement et d'apprentissage innovants bâtis sur une structuration électronique des éléments du savoir. En lieu et place du texte écrit est créée une base de données, dans laquelle le texte, les schémas et le son sont organisés de façon numérique. C'est dans ce lien entre des données habituellement dissociées que réside la plus-value de qualité apportée par le média. L'hyperlivre dont il est question ici prépare les étudiants à la langue de spécialité juridique, ce qui leur permet d'aborder sans trop de difficultés les séminaires de leur cursus intégré de droit français et de droit allemand. De plus, il permet des compléments en auto-formation et en approfondissement des notions abordées dans une discipline qui n'est pas toujours facile d'accès pour les apprenants."
] | ddc:440 | [
"Zentrum für Sprachen und Schlüsselkompetenzen (Zessko)"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
1518 | Prjatkowanja | mul | doc-type:book | [
"Toś te knigły su pocesćenje nestora dolnoserbskego duchownstwa Herberta Nowaka k jogo 90. narodninam. Woni wopśimjeju starše a nowe serbske prijatkowanja a su rownocasnje pomnik skoro wotzabyteje klasiskeje dolnoserbskeje cerkwineje rĕcy. Daś Bog ten Knĕz wam wobraźijo spodobne cytanje.",
"Das vorliegende Buch wurde anlässlich des 90. Geburtstages des niedersorbischen Pfarrers Herbert Nowak herausgegeben. Es beinhaltet ältere und neue Predigten sowie Hörfunkandachten in sorbischer/wendischer Sprache und setzt damit sowohl Herbert Nowak - als Geistlichem und Gelehrten - als auch der klassischen niedersorbischen Kirchensprache ein Denkmal. Möge es die Leser darin befleißigen, den Reichtum unserer Muttersprache zu erkennen und zu genießen."
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Slavistik"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
1532 | How to read an "unknown" language : the acquisition of an interlingual reading competence in the Romance languages | deu | doc-type:masterThesis | [
"Plurilinguismus oder „English only“? Als politische Institution, in der es nur sprachliche und kulturelle Minderheiten gibt und geben wird, folgt die Europäische Union einer plurilinguistischen Orientierung, womit ein erheblicher Bedarf an Sprach- und Kulturkenntnissen (und deren Erwerb) verbunden ist. Grosso modo umfasst die EU drei große indoeuropäische Sprachfamilien: die romanische, slawische und germanische. Innerhalb jeder dieser Sprachgruppen gibt es etymologisch bedingte Gemeinsamkeiten, die v.a. die Phonologie, Morphologie, Lexik und Syntax betreffen. Die Kenntnis dieser synchron erkennbaren gemeinsamen Elemente bzw. ihrer einzelsprachlich äquivalenten Varianten ermöglicht transferhaftes Lernen im Sinne der Interkomprehension in Sprachfamilien. Grundlage der romanischen Interkomprehension ist das „Vulgärlatein“, dessen Spezifik v.a. gegenüber den heutigen Sprachen der Romania herausgestellt wird. Den lerntheoretischen Hintergrund der Interkomprehension bilden die Interlanguage-Hypothese, die Annahme mentaler Netzwerke sowie die verschiedenen Verarbeitungsstadien des interkomprehensiven Spracherwerbs: Spontangrammatik, Mehrsprachenspeicher und didaktischer Monitor. Zudem wird die Rolle mutter- und fremdsprachlicher Transferbasen sowie die der einzelnen Transferdomänen (Form, Inhalt, Funktion, Pragmatik, Didaktik) erläutert. Schwerpunkte der vorliegenden Arbeit bilden die Motivation und die einzelnen Verarbeitungsstadien beim interkomprehensiven Lesen, wobei dem sprachlichen Vorwissen der Lesenden besondere Bedeutung zukommt. Der vorgeschlagene Leitfaden für das erschließende Lesen umfasst drei Gesamtlektüren und berücksichtigt dabei sowohl sprachsystematische als auch textlinguistische Kriterien. Zur Illustration dient ein aktueller Text in Nissart, der auch verschiedenen Probanden vorgelegt wurde. Die Analyse ergab, dass ein globales Textverständnis durch die Kenntnis einer romanischen Sprache spontan gegeben ist, dieses Globalverständnis im Einzelnen jedoch deutlich differieren kann. Am Ende der Arbeit werden mit der Darstellung der strukturellen Besonderheiten des Rumänischen die Grenzen interkomprehensiven Leseverständnisses gezeigt, aber auch der erleichterte Einstieg in die Sprachproduktion dargelegt.",
"Plurilinguism or “English only”? As a political institution consisting of linguistic and cultural minorities only, the European Union prefers plurilinguism creating a significant need for specific cultural and language knowledge (and acquisition). The EU is divided into three big Indoeuropean language families: the Romance, the Slavic and the German. Within each of them there are etymological based equivalences concerning e.g. phonological, morphological, lexical and syntactic characteristics. Knowing these synchronic discernible elements and their specific equivalences enables language acquisition by transfer-based learning. The basis of Romance intercomprehension is “Vulgarlatin”, whose characteristics are compared to those of the modern romance languages. The theoretical background of intercomprehension is formed by the Interlanguage-Hypothesis, concepts of mental networks and several processes of intercomprehensive language-acquisition: spontaneous grammar, multilingual memory and didactic monitor. The role of transfer-bases (mother-tongue and foreign language(s)) and of each one of the transfer-domains (form, content, function, pragmatic, didactic) is explained. The focus in this paper is on motivation and the specific steps of the intercomprehensive reading process, whereby special emphasis is placed on the reader´s previous knowledge. The suggested guide to “reading by intellectual guessing” encompasses three readings and takes into consideration not only criteria of the language-system, but also those of textual linguistics. To illustrate the whole process, a contemporary text in Nissart is analysed. This text also was analysed by several test-persons. Result: By knowing one romance language a spontaneous global comprehension of another one is possible, but there can be significant differences in the details of this global comprehension. The paper concludes by using the structural characteristics of Romanian to illustrate the limits of spontaneous intercomprehensive reading comprehension on the one hand, but the facilitation of language production on the other."
] | ddc:440 | [
"Institut für Romanistik"
] | [
"bllo:Motivation",
"bllo:bll-133070549",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:bll-133072878",
"bllo:bll-133071235",
"bllo:bll-133070905",
"bllo:bll-449009319",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133128091",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:Multilingual",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:Text"
] | [
[
"Motivation",
"Motiviertheit"
],
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"Allophone",
"Varianten"
],
[
"Language acquisition",
"Spracherwerb"
],
[
"Romanian",
"Rumänisch"
],
[
"Niçard",
"Nissart"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Vulgar Latin",
"Vulgärlatein"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Multilingual",
"Mehrsprachig"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Text",
"Text"
]
] | [
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133077098",
"bll-133070972",
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133113035",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LingualityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Provençal",
"Provençalisch"
],
[
"Occitan",
"Okzitanisch"
],
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Latin",
"Latein"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
1537 | Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; Working papers of the SFB 632. - Vol. 10 | eng | doc-type:book | [
"The 10th volume of the working paper series contains two papers contributed by SFB-members. The first paper “Single prosodic phrase sentences” by Caroline Féry (A1) and Heiner Drenhaus (C6, University of Potsdam) investigates the prosody of Wide Focus Partial Fronting in a series of production and perception experiments. The second paper “Focus Asymmetries in Bura” by Katharina Hartmann, Peggy Jacob (B2, Humboldt University Berlin) and Malte Zimmermann (A5, University of Potsdam) explores the strategies of marking focus in Bura (Chadic)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-31572529X",
"bllo:Phrase"
] | [
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Perception",
"Wahrnehmung"
],
[
"Phrase",
"Phrase"
]
] | [
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
154 | Die im Französischunterricht an Deutschsprachige zu vermittelnden Kategorien der Verbalflexion | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht eine sprachwissenschaftlich verantwortete Beschreibung der im Französischunterricht auf der Sekundarstufe I zu unterrichtenden grammatischen Kategorien der Verbalflexion. Aufgrund der Mängel in verbreiteten Lehrwerken erscheint es dringend notwendig, nachvollziehbare Empfehlungen zu den Tempora und Modi vorzulegen. Mein Vorschlag richtet sich in erster Linie an Lehrplan- und Lehrwerkautoren.",
"The following article focusses on the categories of verbal inflection to be included in future courses of French as a second compulsory foreign language. One could assume that the problem of selecting the tenses, modalities and infinite forms to be taught had been resolved for a long period of time. However, a comparison of several curricula from the old and new Bundesländer yield surprising results: There is no absolute correspondence between any two curricula. While one of the curricula prescribes too much, important elements are missing from others. Neglects in curricula can bear consequences on the contents of textbooks of French. In principle, curricula set the selection criteria which every textbook must fulfil before being condoned by the school authorities to be used in class. There seems to be an urgent need for a linguistically accurate description of the grammatical categories of verbal inflection that are to be taught on Sekundarstufe I level. This suggestion is directed at the authors of curricula and textbooks."
] | ddc:440 | [
"Zentrum für Sprachen und Schlüsselkompetenzen (Zessko)"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133099377",
"bllo:bll-133073386",
"bllo:bll-133070557",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133073564"
] | [
[
"Future",
"Futur"
],
[
"Inflection",
"Flexion"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Comparison",
"Komparation"
]
] | [
[
"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
""
] |
1540 | The importance of markers for concordance for phrase segmentation : studies with infants and adults | deu | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle von Konkordanzmarkierungen innerhalb einer Phrase für die Segmentierung eines fremden Sprachstroms. Das Merkmal der Konkordanz tritt auf, wenn alle Bestandteile einer Phrase gleichermaßen durch eine identische Markierung gekennzeichnet sind (z. B. los muchachos ricosSpanisch = die reichen Männer). Da diese wiederkehrenden Markierungen zumeist aus Affixen bestehen, kann Konkordanz als ein Sonderfall der Flexionsmorphologie betrachtet werden. Es wurde untersucht, ob die formale Korrespondenz zwischen den Bestandteilen konkordanter Phrasen als Hinweis auf die Grenzen der linguistisch relevanten Einheit Phrase im Spracherwerb fungieren kann. Zusätzlich wird auf das Zusammenspiel einzelner Hinweisreize untereinander eingegangen. Mit Kindern im Alter von zehn Monaten wurden vier Experimente mit dem Headturn Preference Paradigma (Jusczyk & Aslin, 1995) durchgeführt. Es wurde zunächst bei deutschen und englischen Kleinkindern untersucht, ob sie sensibel für gleich bleibende Suffixe innerhalb einer Phrase sind und diese für die Segmentierung nutzen können. Außerdem wurde das Zusammenspiel der Hinweise Konkordanz und Prosodie bei der Auffindung von Phrasengrenzen betrachtet. Es zeigte sich, dass deutsche Kinder in besonderer Weise auf konkordante Markierungen reagieren. Neben einer Sensitivität für Konkordanzmarkierungen zeigte das Ergebnis der deutschen Kinder auch, dass sie Flexionssuffixe im Deutschen bereits im Sprachstrom bemerken können. Ein solches Ergebnismuster ließ sich bei den Englisch lernenden Kindern nicht beobachten. Verschiedene Erklärungsmöglichkeiten für diesen Unterschied werden erläutert. Insgesamt weisen die Daten aus den Kindersprachexperimenten darauf hin, dass bereits im Alter von zehn Monaten bei Kindern eine Sensibilität für wiederholt in ähnlicher / gleicher Form auftretende sprachliche Elemente innerhalb der Domäne der Phrase vorhanden ist. Außerdem lassen die Resultate darauf schließen, dass Konkordanzmarkierungen bereits früh zur Segmentierung von kontinuierlicher Sprache verwendet werden. Diese Leistung steht in Zusammenhang mit der Beachtung von statistischen Regularitäten im Sprachstrom. Untersuchungen dazu zeigen, dass m. H. statistischer Lernmechanismen wiederkehrende Elemente im Sprachstrom erkannt werden können (Bonatti, Peña, Nespor, & Mehler, 2005; Newport & Aslin, 2004; Saffran, 2001; Saffran, Aslin & Newport, 1996). Anscheinend ist das Auftreten identischer Segmente innerhalb einer relativ kleinen Domäne im Sprachstrom für Lerner ein hervorstechendes Merkmal, das dazu beiträgt, diese Domäne aus dem Signal hervorzuheben und somit die Segmentierung des Sprachstroms in kleinere Anteile zu unterstützen. Neben den Untersuchungen mit den Kleinkindern wurden zusätzlich drei Reaktionszeitexperimente mit deutschen und englischen Erwachsenen zur Rolle von Konkordanzmarkierungen bei der Verarbeitung der Fremdsprachen Spanisch, Suaheli und (für die englischen Probanden) Deutsch durchgeführt. Das erste Experiment befasste sich mit der Stimulussprache Spanisch, in der es bei Konkordanz zum mehrfachen Auftreten von identischen Suffixen mit Vollvokalen kommt. Dabei war zu beobachten, dass deutsche und englische Muttersprachler die zu erinnernden Phrasen besser in einem kontinuierlichen spanischen Sprachstrom wieder erkannten, wenn die kritischen Phrasen konkordant waren, als wenn sie nicht konkordant waren. Das zweite Experiment verwendete die Stimulussprache Suaheli (konkordante vs. nicht konkordante Präfixe). Dabei zeigte sich ein solches Muster ausschließlich bei den englischen Muttersprachlern. Das dritte Experiment untersuchte englische Muttersprachler mit deutschem Stimulusmaterial, wobei Konkordanz durch Suffixe markiert wird, die aus einer Schwa-Silbe bestehen. Hier ergab sich kein Hinweis für eine Nutzung konkordanter Markierungen bei der Erkennung von Phrasen. Als Grund dafür wird die reduzierte Vokalqualität angenommen, die Schwa-Silben u.U. schwerer wahrnehmbar macht als Vollvokalsilben (z.B. Widera & Portele, 1999; Goméz Lacabex, García Lecumberri, & Cooke, 2005). Es werden weitere Erklärungshypothesen bzgl. der Ergebnisunterschiede bei deutschen und englischen Muttersprachlern beschrieben, die auch auf den Unterschied zwischen der Verarbeitung von konkordanten Suffixen vs. Präfixen eingehen. Zusätzlich erfolgt eine Diskussion der Ergebnisse vor dem Hintergrund von Annahmen über Arten von (nicht-)sprachlichen Ähnlichkeiten und ihren Einfluss auf die Wahrnehmung von ähnlichen Elementen. Die vorliegenden Daten stützen die Annahme von Morgan (1986), dass der Input für einen Sprachlerner bereits zahlreiche Hinweise über die Struktur der jeweiligen Sprache enthält. Sowohl Kleinkinder als auch erwachsene Sprachlerner scheinen für einen beachtlichen Teil dieser Hinweisreize sensibel zu sein. Die bislang kaum beachteten konkordante Markierungen innerhalb von Phrasen scheinen zumindest einen Teil dieser Hinweisreize auszumachen.",
"This thesis investigates the role of concordant markings in a phrase for the segmentation of a foreign speech stream. The feature concordance appears, when all elements of a syntactic phrase carry the same marker (e.g. los muchachos ricosSpanish = the rich men). These recurring markers are mostly affixes which means that they can be viewed as a special case in inflectional morphology. It was investigated whether the formal correspondance between the elements of concordant phrases might function as a cue to phrase boundaries in language acquisition. Four experiments were done with infants at the age of 10 months using the Headturn Preference Paradigm (Jusczyk & Aslin, 1995). At first it was investigated with German- and English-learning infants whether they are sensitive to recurring suffixes in a phrase and whether they are able to use these elements for phrase segmentation. Furthermore, the interplay between the cues concordance and prosody for the location of phrase boundaries was investigated. It was shown that German-learning infants where sensitive to concordant markings and that they notice inflectional suffixes in the speech stream. Such a result was not observed with the English-learning infants. Various possibilities to explain this difference between German- and English-learning infants are proposed. The results from the experiments with infants show that already 10-months old infants are sensitive to linguistic elements which recur in the domain of the phrase in similar or identical form. Furthermore, the results suggest that concordant markers are used for segmentation of the continuous speech stream from early on. This capacity is closely related with the attention for statistical regularities in the speech stream. Concerning this it was shown that supported by statistical learning mechanisms recurring elements in the speech stream or certain patterns of co-occurrence can be tracked (Bonatti, Peña, Nespor, & Mehler, 2005; Newport & Aslin, 2004; Saffran, 2001; Saffran, Aslin & Newport, 1996). Consequently, it seems that the occurrence of identical segments in a relatively small domain in the speech stream is a salient feature for learners which points out this domain from the signal and therfore supports the segmentation of the speech stream into smaller units. Besides the experiments with infants also three reaction time experiments with German and English adults where carried out. These experiments were concerned with the role of concordant markings for the processing of the foreign languages Spanish, Swahili and (for English participants) German. The first experment used Spanish as the stimulus language. In Spanish concordant phrases each element carries an identical suffix containing a full vowel. For German and English participants it was observed that they recognized a critical phrase form a continuous speech stream significantly better when this phrase was concordant than when it was non-concordant. In the second experiment with adults Swahili stimuli were used where concordant vs. non-concordant prefixes occur. Now, for English but not for German participants an advantage for the recognition of concordant phrases was observed. In the third experiment English participants were tested with German stimuli where concordance is marked by suffixes containing a Schwa-vowel (reduced vowel). The results of this experiments were not significant, suggesting no use of German concordant markings for the recognition of phrases by native English speakers. One reason that might be proposed to explain this result is the reduced vowel appearing in German concordant suffixes which might make them less perceptually salient than syllables containing a full vowel (e.g. Widera & Portele, 1999; Goméz Lacabex, García Lecumberri, & Cooke, 2005). More possiblities to explain the differences in the results between the German and the English participants are given. Furthermore, there is a discussion of the results against the backround of assumptions about kinds of (non-)linguistic similarities and their influence of the perception of similar elements. Altogether the experimental results of this thesis support the assumption of Morgan (1986) that the linguistic input for a learner already contains various cues about the structure of the target language. Infants as well as adults seem to be sensitve for a considerable amount of these cues. Concordant markings in the domain of a phrase seem to be one of these cues."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133089762",
"bllo:bll-133072959",
"bllo:Phrase",
"bllo:Segmentation",
"bllo:bll-133071235",
"bllo:bll-13307353X",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:Segmentation",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-13307076X",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-133087042",
"bllo:bll-31572529X",
"bllo:bll-133124665",
"bllo:bll-133071235",
"bllo:bll-13307076X",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-31572529X",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133124665"
] | [
[
"War",
"Krieg"
],
[
"Vowel",
"Vokal"
],
[
"Phrase",
"Phrase"
],
[
"Segmentation",
"Segmentierung"
],
[
"Language acquisition",
"Spracherwerb"
],
[
"Suffix",
"Suffix"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Segmentation",
"Segmentierung"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Spanish",
"Spanisch"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Old age",
"Alter"
],
[
"Perception",
"Wahrnehmung"
],
[
"Swahili",
"Suaheli"
],
[
"Language acquisition",
"Spracherwerb"
],
[
"Spanish",
"Spanisch"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Perception",
"Wahrnehmung"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Swahili",
"Suaheli"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073513",
"bll-133073378",
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ZoneG",
"bll-133080188",
"SouthernBantoid",
"bll-264764609",
"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ZoneG",
"bll-133080188",
"SouthernBantoid",
"bll-264764609",
"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Affix",
"Affix"
],
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Zone G",
"Zone G"
],
[
"Bantu languages",
"Bantusprachen"
],
[
"Southern Bantoid",
"Süd-Bantoid"
],
[
"Bantoid languages",
"Bantoid-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Zone G",
"Zone G"
],
[
"Bantu languages",
"Bantusprachen"
],
[
"Southern Bantoid",
"Süd-Bantoid"
],
[
"Bantoid languages",
"Bantoid-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
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"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
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"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
156 | Die Verbalflexion in Lehrplänen und Lehrwerken für den Französischunterricht an Deutschsprachige | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Der Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse einer Forschungsarbeit zur Verbalflexion in Lehrplänen und Lehrwerken für den Französischunterricht an allgemeinbildenden Gymnasien der Bundesrepublik Deutschland zusammen. Im Mittelpunkt steht ein Problem, das bereits in der frühesten fächerübergreifenden Methodik des modernen Fremdsprachenunterrichts aufgeworfen wurde. (Seidelmann, Christian Friedrich: Tractatus philosophico-philologicus de methodo recte tractandi linguas exoticas speciatim gallicam, italicam et anglicam (1724). Faksimiliert, übersetzt und herausgegeben von Franz Josef Zapp und Konrad Schröder, Augsburg 1984.) Seidelmann hat schon vor mehr als 250 Jahren darauf hingewiesen, daß für den Fremdsprachenunterricht ungeeignete Grammatiken zur Verfügung stehen. Sie weisen einerseits Lücken auf und enthalten andererseits unnötigen Ballast: 'Ne quisquam sibi persuadeat, Grammaticas, maximam partem hodiernas, esse compendia, in quibus Linguarum fundamenta sive prima principio contineantur .... ' ('Niemand darf der Meinung sein, daß die Grammatiken, und erst recht die derzeitigen, Zusammenfassungen sind, die die Grundlagen oder die wichtigsten Elemente der Sprachen enthalten.') Seidelmann 1724; zitiert nach der zweisprachigen Ausgabe von Zapp und Schröder, Augsburg 1984, S. 81. Vor bald 100 Jahren betonte Viëtor im Zusammenhang mit der Diskussion um die 'Überbürdung' der Schüler die Notwendigkeit, die Verbalflexion gewissermaßen 'auszumisten'. Wie meine Arbeit u.a. zeigt, reichen ganze 42 Verbparadigmen aus, um das Lernziel der kommunikativen Kompetenz zu realisieren. Das heißt, man kann auf über die Hälfte der bis zu 90 Verbalparadigmen, die in Lehrwerken für den Französischunterricht vermittelt werden, verzichten. Die 42 Konjugationsmuster können als Teil eines nach kohärenten Prinzipien konstituierten und in diesem Sinne genormten sprachlichen Grundstocks für unterschiedliche Lehrgangstypen betrachtet werden. Dieser Grundstock läßt sich schulartübergreifend und adressatenunabhängig, d.h. in Lehrmaterialien für allgemeinbildende und berufsbildende Schulen, verwenden. Außerdem wird noch ein Vorschlag für die Progression der Lehrinhalte der Verbalflexion über vier bzw. zweieinhalb Schuljahre unterbreitet."
] | ddc:440 | [
"Zentrum für Sprachen und Schlüsselkompetenzen (Zessko)"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133072487",
"bllo:bll-133102203"
] | [
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Foreign language teaching",
"Fremdsprachenunterricht"
],
[
"Man",
"Mann"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
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[
"ResearchTopic",
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],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
157 | Proposition d'un classement des verbes français destinée aux futurs programmes et manuels de français langue étrangère | fra | doc-type:article | [
"In dem Beitrag wird eine didaktisch verwendbare Klassifikation der französischen Verben vorgeschlagen. Den Anlaß für mein Vorhaben bildete ein Vergleich der 'Übersichten über die unregelmäßigen Verben' bzw. ' Sonstigen Verben' in den Grammatischen Beiheften verschiedener im Unterricht an allgemeinbildenden Gymnasien der Bundesrepublik Deutschland gebrauchter Lehrwerke. Es wird empfohlen, auf die bisherige Einteilung in 'regelmäßige' und 'unregelmäßige' Verben zu verzichten. Nach meiner Definition bilden Verben mit identischen oder weitgehend identischen orthographischen Flexionsmerkmalen eine Verbklasse. Der didaktische Nutzen der neuen Klassifikation läßt sich durch einen Vergleich mit der bisher in den Grammatischen Beiheften üblichen Einteilung belegen: 1) Die Lehrinhalte der Verbalflexion lassen sich reduzieren, wenn Verben mit identischen bzw. weitgehend identischen Flexionsmerkmalen einer Klasse zugeschlagen werden, 2) Meine Untersuchung hat ergeben, dass die Schüler nicht immer unterstützt werden, Neues mit bereits Bekanntem zu verknüpfen und einen Zusammenhang zwischen Verben mit identischen Flexionsmerkmalen herzustellen. Von jeter wird nicht immer auf das bereits eingeführte Verb appeler verwiesen. Auch die Gemeinsamkeiten der Verben der Klassen atteindre, sentir und offrir werden im lektionsbegleitenden Teil bestimmter Grammatischer Beihefte dem Schüler nicht einsichtig gemacht und damit nicht als Lernhilfe genutzt. 3) Verben mit identischen Endungen im Infinitiv, aber ansonsten überwiegend unterschiedlichen Flexionsmerkmalen, sollten verschiedenen Klassen zugeschlagen werden, um irrtümliche Verallgemeinerungen zu vermeiden. Für Verben der Klassen élever und considérer wird vereinzelt im Gegensatz zu meiner Empfehlung nur eine Klasse angesetzt. Die Verben der Klasse employer und envoyer werden nicht immer deutlich genug von den Verben auf -AYER abgegrenzt. Vielleicht werden die Autoren neuer Lehrwerke die Möglichkeit nützen, mit Hilfe der vorgeschlagenen Klassifikation die Lehrinhalte der Verbalflexion zu verringern, den Lernprozeß abzukürzen sowie das Behalten der Verbformen zu unterstützen."
] | ddc:440 | [
"Zentrum für Sprachen und Schlüsselkompetenzen (Zessko)"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13308552X",
"bllo:bll-133127125"
] | [
[
"Infinitive",
"Infinitiv"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133107426",
"NonfiniteVerb",
"bll-133127125",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Infinitive",
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],
[
"Nonfinite verb",
"Infinite Verbform"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
158 | Anna Seghers (1900 - 1983) | deu | doc-type:Other | [
"\"Deutsche, Jüdin, Kommunistin, Schriftstellerin, Frau, Mutter - so viele Identitäten, so dicht besetzt ihr Leben, so eindeutig ihr Werk. Am 19. November 2000 wurde sie 100 Jahre alt - Anna Seghers. Die Universität Potsdam hat der großen deutschen Schriftstellerin und engagierten Kommunistin, die mit ihren Exilromanen \"Das siebte Kreuz\" (1942) und \"Transit\" (1944) Weltruhm erlangte, eine Website gewidmet, die in ihrer präzisen und konzentrierten Darstellung Seghers Werk treffend widerspiegelt. Neben Links zur Biographie und eine Auswahlbiographie der Primär- und Sekundärliteratur findet der Leser Querverweise auf Archiv, Stiftung, Gedenkstätte und Gesellschaft der Literatin ...\" Quelle: Literatur online : mit den 700 wichtigsten Adressen zum Thema / Hrsg.: Jörg Krichbaum ... - Köln : Arcum, Vectrum, 2000. - 215 S. (deutsche-internetadressen.de ; Bd. 22). - ISBN: 3-930912-92-9"
] | ddc:430 | [
"Institut für Germanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133101762",
"bllo:bll-197234038"
] | [
[
"Woman",
"Frau"
],
[
"Life",
"Leben"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
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] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
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"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1719 | Spektrum Patholinguistik = Schwerpunktthema: der Erwerb von Lexikon und Semantik: Meilensteine, Störungen und Therapie ; Tagungsband zum 1. Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik, 24. November 2007 | deu | doc-type:PeriodicalPart | [
"Der vorliegende Tagungsband enthält alle Beiträge des 1. Herbsttreffens Patholinguistik, das am 24.11.2007 an der Universität Potsdam stattgefunden hat. Sowohl die drei Hauptvorträge zum Thema „Der Erwerb von Lexikon und Semantik – Meilensteine, Störungen und Therapie“ als auch die Kurzvorträge promovierter Patholinguisten sind ausführlich dokumentiert. Außerdem enthält der Tagungsband die Abstracts der präsentierten Poster.",
"These proceedings contain the contributions presented at the “1st Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik” that took place on November 24, 2007 at the University of Potsdam. Three main lectures focused on \"The acquisition of lexicon and semantics - milestones, impairments, and intervention\". In addition, the proceedings contain short presentations on patholinguistic research and the abstracts of the presented posters."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik",
"Verband für Patholinguistik e. V. (vpl)"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:bll-133113639",
"bllo:bll-133113639"
] | [
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
],
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
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] |
1720 | Modelle des kindlichen Wortschatzerwerbs | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Auszug: Lange Zeit hat die Spracherwerbsforschung den Erwerb des syntaktischen Wissens in den Mittelpunkt gestellt, da Syntax als humanspezifisch angesehen und somit als der zentrale Bereich von Sprache verstanden wurde. Auch ein aktueller Aufsatz von Hauser, Chomsky & Fitch (2002) setzt die Sprachfähigkeit im engeren Sinne („language faculty narrow“) mit dem in der Syntax gegebenen Rekursionsmechanismus gleich. Syntax, so die Autoren weiter, konnte bislang noch keinem subhumanen Primaten beigebracht werden, wohingegen ein Erwerb von Wörtern bereits belegt wurde. So lernte beispielsweise der Bonobo Kanzi knapp 600 Begriffe (Savage-Rumbaughh & Lewin 1994). Lässt sich daraus ableiten, dass Wörter im Rahmen der menschlichen Sprachfähigkeit weniger wichtig sind als das syntaktische Wissen? Sind Wörter letztendlich nur „Zierrat“ an einem rein syntaktischen Sprachgebäude? [...]"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133087697"
] | [
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1721 | Frühe lexikalische Verzögerung als Indikator für SSES? | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Auszug: Seit langem ist bekannt, dass Kinder mit Sprachentwicklungsstörungen meist schon in einem frühen Stadium ihrer Sprachentwicklung auffallen: die ersten Wörter werden verspätet produziert, der Wortschatz wächst langsamer an, der Vokabularspurt setzt verzögert ein oder bleibt aus, so dass das produktive Vokabular mit zwei Jahren weniger als 50 Wörter umfasst. Außerdem treten keine Wortkombinationen auf. Obwohl bei nahezu jeder Sprachentwicklungs-störung retrospektiv derartige frühe Anzeichen auszumachen sind, mündet andererseits nicht jede frühe Verzögerung in eine anhaltende Störung. Diese Beobachtung hat Anlass zu einer regen Forschungstätigkeit gegeben. Im Zentrum steht die Frage, anhand welcher Kriterien sich der weitere Entwicklungsverlauf eines sprachlich verzögerten Kindes prognostizieren lässt. Der Forschungsstand zu diesem Bereich wurde an anderer Stelle bereits ausführlich beschrieben (z. B. in Kauschke 2000, 2003, 2006a). In diesem Beitrag möchte ich die Entwicklungswege dieser Population anhand aktueller Studien skizzieren, die Problematik der Prädiktion ansprechen und eine Studie über Sprachentwicklungsverläufe im dritten Lebensjahr vorstellen, in der ungestörte Kinder und sprachlich verzögerte längsschnittlich beobachtet wurden. Es folgen Überlegungen zur Therapienotwendigkeit und Therapiekonzeption, die durch die Darstellung eines exemplarischen Therapieverlaufs bei einem Einzelfall illustriert werden. [...]"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307367X"
] | [
[
"Vocabulary",
"Wortschatz"
]
] | [
[
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1722 | Diagnostik semantisch-lexikalischer Fähigkeiten im Grundschulalter mit dem WWT 6-10 | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Auszug: Etwa zwei Drittel aller Ausgaben der Krankenkassen für das Heilmittel Sprachtherapie betreffen ein Klientel in der Altersgruppe der 0- bis 15-jährigen (GVK-HIS Bundesrepublik 2007). Spracherwerbsstörungen stellen das häufigste Entwicklungsrisiko bei Kindern dar. Ca. 18% der einzuschulenden Kinder weisen einen Förderbedarf im Entwicklungsbereich Sprache auf (Tollkühn 2001) und ca. 18% der 6-jährigen Jungen erhalten nach dem Heilmittelbericht 2006 Sprachtherapieverordnungen (Schröder & Waltersbacher 2006). Die überwiegende Mehrheit erhält diese Verordnung aufgrund der Zuweisung des Indikationsschlüssels „Störungen der Sprache vor Abschluss der Sprachentwicklung“. Darunter fallen v.a. Kinder mit einer primären Spracherwerbsstörung, für deren Art und Ausmaß keine Hörstörung, keine Intelligenzbeeinträchtigung, keine neurologische Schädigung oder soziale Deprivation verantwortlich gemacht werden kann. Für diese besondere Entwicklungssituation wird die Diagnose „Spezifische Spracherwerbsstörung (SSES)“ vergeben (Grimm 2003; Dannenbauer 2002). [...]"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
1723 | Semantik | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Auszug: In diesem Beitrag werden „von der Theorie zur Therapie“ aktuelle theoretische Annahmen über die Organisation semantischer Repräsentationen sowie der gegenwärtige Stand der Forschungsliteratur zur Behandlung semantischer Störungen vorgestellt. Zunächst gebe ich einen Einblick in die Fragestellungen meiner Dissertation, in der mit zwei Reaktionszeitexperimenten insbesondere die Frage überprüft wurde, ob für Konzepte aus biologischen semantischen Kategorien andere Organisationsprinzipien angenommen werden müssen als für Konzepte aus künstlichen, von Menschenhand geschaffenen semantischen Kategorien. Anschließend wird ein Einblick in die gegenwärtige Literatur zur Therapie semantischer Störungen und den zu erwartenden Generalisierungseffekten auf in der Therapie nicht behandelte Items gegeben. [...]"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133072835"
] | [
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
]
] | [] | [] | [
""
] |
1724 | Die Verarbeitung von Nominalkomposita bei Aphasie | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Auszug: In der psycho- und neurolinguistischen Morphologieforschung wird die Frage behandelt, wie polymorphematische Wörter, d. h. Wörter, die aus mehr als einem Morphem bestehen (z. B. Apfel-baum; Be-mal-ung, mal-e), im mentalen Lexikon repräsentiert sind und wie sie verarbeitet werden. Spielt die interne morphologische Wortstruktur dabei überhaupt eine Rolle oder sind solche Wörter ganzheitlich repräsentiert? Die beiden großen konkurrierenden Theorien zur Verarbeitung polymorphematischer Wörter sind die Dekompositionshypothese und die Auflistungshypothese. Nach der Dekompositionshypothese werden morphologisch komplexe Wörter bei der rezeptiven Worterkennung in ihre Einzelteile aufgespalten (dekomponiert), beim expressiven Wortabruf müssen die zugrunde liegenden Morpheme einzeln vom Lexikon abgerufen und zu einer Vollform zusammengesetzt (komponiert) werden (z. B. Taft & Forster 1976). Im Unterschied dazu besagt die Auflistungshypothese, dass komplexe Wörter als Vollformen im Lexikon repräsentiert sind und abgerufen werden (Butterworth 1983). Wortbildungsregeln kommen nach der Dekompositionshypothese also grundsätzlich zum Einsatz, während nach der Auflistungshypothese morphologische Prozesse nur bei der Verarbeitung von unbekannten Vollformen oder bei der Bildung neuer Vollformen ablaufen. [...]"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133113639",
"bllo:bll-133073378",
"bllo:bll-133073378"
] | [
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
],
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
]
] | [
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
] |
1725 | Phonematische Neologismen beim Nachsprechen | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Auszug: Bei der Beschreibung und Analyse von zentralen Störungen des Nachsprechens stehen - wie bei der Beschreibung und Analyse von Sprachproduktionsstörungen allgemein - Abweichungen auf der lautlichen Ebene zumeist im Vordergrund. In der schwersten Form solcher Störungen können dabei nur noch phonematische Neologismen produziert werden. Doch auch die Definition phonematischer Neologismen als „Wörter, die in der Standardsprache aus lautlichen Gründen … nicht vorkommen“ (Huber et al. 1983) bzw. „Lautkette, … die als solche kein Wort der betreffenden Sprache ist“ (Tesak 2006) beschränkt sich auf segmentale Abweichungen. Prosodische Abweichungen hingegen - insbesondere Abweichungen bei der Wortbetonung - sowie mögliche Wechselwirkungen zwischen segmentalen und prosodischen Eigenschaften von Stimulus und Reaktion werden kaum diskutiert. [...]"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-195090896"
] | [
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
]
] | [
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1726 | Die neuronale Verarbeitung von Nomen und Verben | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Auszug: Wie arbeitet unser Gehirn? Was sind die Grundlagen der Kognition? Wie funktioniert unser Sprachsystem? Das ist nur ein kleiner Teil der Probleme, mit denen sich Kognitionsforscher und Neurowissenschaftler auf der ganzen Welt auseinandersetzen. Die Frage nach den neurofunktionellen Grundlagen der Sprachverarbeitung hat dabei zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Obwohl jedes gesunde Kind problemlos und auch unter schwierigen Bedingungen Sprache erwerben und verwenden kann, sind die zugrunde liegenden kognitiven und neurofunktionellen Mechanismen hierfür noch weitgehend ungeklärt. Immer häufiger werden neurolinguistische Fragestellungen mit funktionell-bildgebenden und anderen modernen Verfahren der Hirnforschung untersucht. Ein wesentliches Ziel dieser Forschungsbemühungen ist es, herauszufinden, wie Bedeutungen und Wörter in unserem Gehirn gespeichert sind. Ein besonderes Interesse wird gegenwärtig dem Problem der neuronalen Verarbeitung von Nomen und Verben entgegengebracht. Aktuelle Fragestellungen sind dabei, welche neuroanatomischen Korrelate der Verarbeitung von Nomen und Verben unterliegen und ob es Faktoren gibt, die die Verarbeitung beeinflussen. Zur Beantwortung dieser und weiterer Fragestellungen wurden im Rahmen meines Forschungsprojektes1 funktionelle Magnetresonanzdaten zum Benennen von Nomen und Verben bereitgestellt. Die wichtigsten Methoden und Ergebnisse sollen im Folgenden kurz dargelegt werden. [...]"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:Noun",
"bllo:bll-133083756"
] | [
[
"Noun",
"Nomen"
],
[
"Cognition",
"Kognition"
]
] | [
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1727 | EKP-Befunde subkortikaler Syntaxverarbeitung | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Auszug: Aphasien sind variable Sprachstörungen, die auf umschriebene Hirnläsionen zurückführbar sind und die Produktion und Verständnis separat oder kombiniert betreffen (Weniger 2003). Hierbei wird das klinische Syndrom oft mit der Lokalisation der morphologischen Gehirndefekte (z. B. durch Hirn-infarkte oder -blutungen oder Tumoren) korreliert. Sprachkompetenz gilt in erster Linie als eine Leistung des Kortex, jedoch wurden v. a. im Zuge sich verbessernder bildgebender Verfahren aphasische Syndrome auch nach Läsionen subkortikaler Hirnregionen, insbesondere der Basalganglien und des Thalamus nachgewiesen (Wallesch & Papagno 1988; Friston et al. 1993; Nadeau & Crosson 1997; Zoppelt & Daum 2003; DeWitte et al. 2006; Wahl in Druck). Diese Strukturen liegen in der Tiefe des Gehirns und kommunizieren über weit gefächerte Faserverbindungen mit dem Kortex. In erster Linie werden den Basalganglien senso-motorische Kontrollfunktionen zugewiesen (Alexander et al. 1986). Diverse Erkrankungen, die durch Störungen physiologischer Bewegungsabläufe gekennzeichnet sind (z. B. Morbus Parkinson, Chorea Huntington), werden auf Funktionsdefekte dieser Strukturen zurückgeführt. Hierbei wurde der Thalamus häufig als Relais-Station des Informationsaustauschs zwischen anatomisch entfernten Arealen des Nervensystems aufgefasst. Basalganglien und Thalamus jedoch können darüber hinausgehende Funktionen, z. B. zur Bereitstellung, Aufrechterhaltung und Auslenkung von Aufmerksamkeit bei der Bearbeitung kognitiver Aufgaben, zugesprochen werden (Cavedini et al. 2006; Piguet et al. 2006; Klostermann et al. 2006; Marzinzik et al. 2008). [...]"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
1728 | Sammelband zur sorbischen/wendischen Kultur und Identität | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Die „Potsdamer Beiträge zur Sorabistik – Podstupimske pśinoski k Sorabistice“ sind ein Sammelband mit verschiedenen Aufsätzen zur Thematik sorbische/wendische Identität und Kultur. Die Schrift ist dazu in drei Themenbereiche unterteilt, einen Tagungsbericht von einem internationalen Kolloquium, das im November 2007 an der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität in Cottbus veranstaltet wurde und den Titel „Sind die sorbische/wendische Sprache und Identität noch zu retten“ trug. Darüber hinaus sind im Heft drei Referate des Kolloquiums abgedruckt. Im weiteren finden sich im Heft zwei Aufsätze zur sorbischen/wendischen Musikgeschichte und zwei Artikel zur sorbischen/wendischen Kirchengeschichte. Diesen Artikeln ist eine umfangreiche Statistik der evangelischen Gottesdienste in niedersorbischer Sprache beigefügt, die vorrangig nach der politischen Wende 1989 in der Niederlausitz gehalten wurden.",
"The „Potsdamer Beiträge zur Sorabistik – Podstupimske pśinoski k Sorabistice“ is a collection of papers on the topic of Sorbian culture and identity. For this purpose, the volume is thematically divided into three areas: Proceedings of an international colloquium, held in November 2007 at Brandenburg University of Technology in Cottbus with the title “Is it possible to save the Lower Sorbian language and identity?”. Secondly the book contains two papers about Sorbian history of music and, thirdly, two essays covering Sorbian history of church. To these essays comprehensive statistics added about protestant services held in Lower Sorbian language after the political change in 1989 in the Lower Sorbian area."
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Slavistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133122964",
"bllo:bll-341091448",
"bllo:bll-398943486",
"bllo:bll-341091448",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:LowerSorbian",
"bllo:WritingSystem",
"bllo:bll-133101827"
] | [
[
"Sorbian",
"Sorbisch"
],
[
"Culture",
"Kultur"
],
[
"Church",
"Kirche"
],
[
"Culture",
"Kultur"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Lower Sorbian",
"Niedersorbisch"
],
[
"Writing system",
"Schrift"
],
[
"Music",
"Musik"
]
] | [
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133122964",
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Sorbian",
"Sorbisch"
],
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1729 | Lexical constraints in German children with Williams syndrome | deu | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Studie zum mentalen Lexikon bei Kindern mit Williams-Beuren-Syndrom (WBS) präsentiert. Das Lexikon junger WBS-Kinder entwickelt sich verzögert (Mervis & Robinson, 2000). Trotzdem gilt das Lexikon jugendlicher WBS-Probanden im Vergleich zu Probanden mit anderen Syndromen als elaboriert (Wang et al. 1995). Dies könnte auf sich spät entwickelnde Sprachfähigkeiten hindeuten. Es wird vermutet, dass ab 11 Jahren Veränderungen stattfinden, durch die das typische Profil des WBS erst entsteht (Rossen et al. 1996). Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, sich der Aufholphase zu nähern, indem die lexikalischen Fähigkeiten vor dem kritischen Alter untersucht werden. Dazu werden zwei lexical constraints untersucht, die Markman (1989) für den ungestörten Lexikonerwerb postuliert. Whole object constraint (WOC): Das Kind nimmt an, dass sich ein unfamiliäres Wort auf ein ganzes Objekt bezieht. Mutual exclusivity constraint (MEC): Das Kind nimmt eine beidseitig exklusive Beziehung zwischen Wortform und Referenten an. Zum WBS gibt es eine einzige Studie zu den constraints (Stevens & Karmiloff-Smith 1997). Die WBS-Probanden sind zu alt (7;5 bis 31;5), um Aussagen über die Sprachfähigkeiten in der Zeit des Spurts machen zu können. Markman postuliert die constraints als Teil des universalen Wissens von Kindern. Dementsprechend ist die Hypothese, dass die constraints auch bei WBS-Kindern aktiv sind und in experimentellen Situationen zur Anwendung kommen. Zentral für die Hypothese ist die Untersuchung von Vorschulalkindern. Es werden 5 WBS-Kinder (3;2-7;0) und 98 chronologisch gematchte Kontrollkinder im WOC bzw. 97 im MEC untersucht. Es wird jeweils ein Versuch zum WOC (n=9) und zum MEC (n=12) durchgeführt. Beim WOC-Versuch wählen WBS-Kinder und Kontrollkinder am häufigsten das Zielitem. Die WBS-Kinder wählen häufig das Teilablenkerbild. Im Einzelfallvergleich sind 4 der 5 WBS-Kinder im Vergleich zu ihrer Kontrollgruppe auffällig. Im MEC-Versuch zeigen die ungestörten Kinder signifikant häufiger auf das Bild mit dem phonologischen Ablenker als die WBS-Kinder. In der Einzelfallanalyse liegen 4 von 5 WBS-Kindern bei der Auswahl des Zielitems oberhalb des Mittelwertes ihrer Kontrollgruppe. Insgesamt ergeben sich durch das Verhalten der WBS-Kinder in den Versuchen eher Hinweise auf defizitäre perzeptuelle Einflüsse auf die Anwendung der lexikalischen constraints als auf ihr Fehlen. Als Ursache für das Verhalten der WBS-Kinder wird die Detailpräferenzhypothese postuliert. Majerus et al.s (2003)Hypothese wird um die visuelle Verarbeitung erweitert. Diese findet lokal statt und kann nur bedingt Gattungsbegriffe aufbauen. Den überspezifizierten Wortformen stehen Teilrepräsentationen gegenüber. Die entstehenden semantischen Repräsentationen sind an konkreten Erfahrungen orientiert und verbleiben auf einer überspezifizierten Form. Mit der Hypothese der generellen Detailpräferenz wird zum ersten Mal eine einheitliche Wurzel für das Verhalten von WBS-Kindern im Vorschulalter in verschiedenen psychologischen Fakultäten aufgestellt. Majerus, S., Van der Linden, M., Mulder, L., Meulemans, T., & Peters, F. (2003). Verbal short-term memory reflects the sublexical organization of the phonological language network: evidence from an incidental phonotactic learning paradigm. Journal of Memory and Language, 51, 297-306. Markman, E. (1989). Categorization and naming in children. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Mervis, C. B. & Robinson, B. F. (2000). Expressive vocabulary ability of toddlers with Williams syndrome or Down syndrome: a comparison. Developmental Neuropsychology, 17, 11-126. Rossen, M., Klima, E., Bellugi, U., Bihrle, A., & Jones, W. (1996). Interaction between language and cognition: evidence from Williams syndrome. In J. H. Beitchman, N. Cohen, M. Konstantareas, & R. Tannock (Eds.), Language, learning and behavior disorders: developmental, biological, and clinical perspectives. (367-392). New York: Cambridge University Press. Stevens, T. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1997). Word learning in a special population: do individuals with Williams syndrome obey lexical constraints? Journal of Child Language, 24, 737-765. Wang, P. P., Doherty, S., Rourke, S. B., & Bellugi, U. (1995). Unique profile of visuo-perceptual skills in a genetic syndrome. Brain and Cognition, 29, 54-65.",
"This thesis presents a study on two lexical constraints in german children with Williams syndrome (WS). The lexicon ist known to be delayed in WS, however in adults the lexicon is said to be elaborated (Wang et al. 1995). This might be a hint for late developing language compenteces. Rossen et al. (1996) see a performance growth in fluency in WS children older than 11 years. The aim of the current study is to examine the lexical learning mechanisms in WS children in kindergarden age. Five WS children are matched to 97 normal children on chronological age. Two experiments (whole object constraint, mutual exclusivity constraints) are designed, following the argumentations of Markman (1989). The results show that both lexical constraints are active in WS children but act on different inputinformations than in other children. In the discussion, the detail preference hypothesis is drawn, which postulates for the first time a unique perceptual deficit which influences language acquisition without also implying a primary language disorder. Markman, E. (1989). Categorization and naming in children. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Wang, P. P., Doherty, S., Rourke, S. B., & Bellugi, U. (1995). Unique profile of visuo-perceptual skills in a genetic syndrome. Brain and Cognition, 29, 54-65."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-13307367X",
"bllo:Constraint",
"bllo:bll-133079678",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:bll-133074323",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133113639",
"bllo:bll-133087042",
"bllo:Image",
"bllo:bll-133071235",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133113639",
"bllo:bll-133083756",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133073564"
] | [
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Vocabulary",
"Wortschatz"
],
[
"Constraint",
"Constraint"
],
[
"Root",
"Wurzel"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"Active voice",
"Aktiv"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
],
[
"Old age",
"Alter"
],
[
"Image",
"Bild"
],
[
"Language acquisition",
"Spracherwerb"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
],
[
"Cognition",
"Kognition"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Comparison",
"Komparation"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073378",
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"VoiceFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Voice feature",
"Genus verbi"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
""
] |
1739 | Macc, Cailín and Céile – an Altaic element in Celtic? | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Extract: [...]In Celtic languages (both Continental and Insular) we can find words with uncertain etymology which presumably represent loanwords from other language-families. One can see the traces of the pre-Indo-European substratum of Central and Western Europe, “an original non-Celtic/non-Germanic North West block” according to Kuhn (1961). But we may suppose that this conclusion is not sufficiently justified. This problem can have many different solutions, and we may never be in a position to resolve it definitively.[...]"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133109836",
"bllo:bll-133073599"
] | [
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Etymology",
"Wortgeschichte"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
1740 | Celtic and Afro-Asiatic | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Extract: [...]It is not remarkable that structural similarities between the Insular Celtic and some Afro-Asiatic1 languages continue to exert a fascination on many people. Research into any language may be enlightening with regard to the understanding of all languages, and languages that show similar features are particularly likely to provide useful information. It is remarkable that the structural similarities between Insular Celtic and Afro-Asiatic languages continue to be interpreted as diagnostic of some sort of special relationship between them; some sort of affinity or mutual affiliation that goes beyond the fact that they are two groups of human languages. This paper investigates again the fallacious nature of the arguments for the Afro-Asiatic/Insular Celtic contact theory (henceforth AA/IC contact theory). It takes its point of departure from Gensler (1993). That work is as yet unpublished, but has had considerable resonance. Such statements as the following indicate the importance that has been attached to the work: “After the studies of Morris-Jones, Pokorny, Wagner2 and Gensler it seems impossible to deny the special links between Insular Celtic and Afro-Asiatic” (Jongeling 2000:64). And the ideas in question have been propagated in the popular scientific press,3 with the usual corollary that it is these ideas that are perceived by the interested but non-specialist public as being at the cutting edge of sound new research, when in fact they may simply be recycled ideas of a discredited theory. For these reasons it is appropriate to subject Gensler’s unpublished work to detailed critique.4 In particular, with regard to the twenty features of affinity between Insular Celtic and Afro-Asiatic which Gensler investigated, it will be shown (yet again, in some cases): [...]"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:Human",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133074870",
"bllo:InsularCeltic",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133072851"
] | [
[
"Human",
"Menschlich"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
]
] | [
[
"HumannessFeature",
"SemanticFeature",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Humanness feature",
"Menschlichkeit"
],
[
"Semantic feature",
"Semantisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
1741 | Effects of Language Contact on Roman and Gaulish Personal Names | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Extract: [...]The Roman conquest of what was to become the province of Gallia Narbonensis in the second and then of the whole of Transalpine Gaul in the first century B.C. led to the incorporation into the Roman empire of a large part of the territory in which Gaulish was then spoken.1 In consequence, the vernacular rapidly lost its footing at least in public life and was soon replaced by Latin, the language of the new masters, which enjoyed higher prestige (cf. e.g. Meid 1980: 7-8). On the other hand, Gaulish continued to be written for some three centuries and was probably used in speech even longer, especially in rural areas. We must therefore posit a prolonged period of bilingualism. The effects of this situation on the Latin spoken in the provinces of Gaul seem to have been rather limited. A number of lexical items, mostly from the field of everyday life, and some phonetic characteristics are the sole testimonies of a Gaulish substratum in the variety of Latin that was later to develop into the Romance dialects of France (cf. Meid 1980: 38, fn. 77). [...]"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070549",
"bllo:bll-197234038",
"bllo:bll-133107515",
"bllo:bll-133113035",
"bllo:Even",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133071219",
"bllo:bll-133099466"
] | [
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Life",
"Leben"
],
[
"Incorporation",
"Inkorporation"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latein"
],
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Bilingualism",
"Bilingualismus"
],
[
"Gaulish",
"Gallisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Composition",
"bll-133074846",
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ContinentalCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Composition",
"Komposition"
],
[
"Word formation",
"Wortbildung"
],
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Continental Celtic",
"Kontinentalkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
1742 | Insular Celtic as a language area | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Contents: The Sociolinguistic Conditions favourable to spread of Structural Features Contact-induced Changes in Insular Celtic Phonological Changes The Lenition of Voiceless Stops Raising / i-Affection Lowering / a-Affection Apocope Syncope Morphological The Loss of Case Inflection of Personal Pronouns The Creation of the Equative Degree The Creation of the Imperfect Tense The Creation of the Conditional Mood Morphosyntactic and Syntactic The Creation of Preposed Definite Articles"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133113302",
"bllo:bll-133077683",
"bllo:bll-133106543",
"bllo:bll-133073386",
"bllo:bll-398942803",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133073467",
"bllo:bll-133090078",
"bllo:InsularCeltic",
"bllo:Voiceless",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:Tense",
"bllo:bll-133087336"
] | [
[
"Lenition",
"Lenierung"
],
[
"Apocope",
"Apokope"
],
[
"Equative",
"Äquativ"
],
[
"Inflection",
"Flexion"
],
[
"Creation",
"Schöpfung"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Mood",
"Modus"
],
[
"Raising",
"Raising"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Voiceless",
"Stimmlos"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Tense",
"Gespannt"
],
[
"Conditional",
"Konditional"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073041",
"bll-133074889",
"PhonologicalProcess",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074846",
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"Elision",
"PhonologicalProcess",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"DegreeFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MoodFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133116018",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"VoicingFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"TensenessFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MoodFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Consonant alternation",
"Konsonantenwechsel"
],
[
"Phoneme alternation",
"Phonemwechsel"
],
[
"Phonological process",
"Phonologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Word formation",
"Wortbildung"
],
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Elision",
"Elision"
],
[
"Phonological process",
"Phonologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Degree feature",
"Komparation"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Mood feature",
"Modus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Voicing feature",
"Stimmhaftigkeit"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tenseness feature",
"Spannung"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Mood feature",
"Modus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
1743 | What language was spoken in Ireland before Irish? | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Extract: That the Celtic languages were of the Indo-European family was first recognised by Rasmus Christian Rask (*1787), a young Danish linguist, in 1818. However, the fact that he wrote in Danish meant that his discovery was not noted by the linguistic establishment until long after his untimely death in 1832. The same conclusion was arrived at independently of Rask and, apparently, of each other, by Adolphe Pictet (1836) and Franz Bopp (1837). This agreement between the foremost scholars made possible the completion of the picture of the spread of the Indo-European languages in the extreme west of the European continent. However, in the Middle Ages the speakers of Irish had no awareness of any special relationship between Irish and the other Celtic languages, and a scholar as linguistically competent as Cormac mac Cuillennáin (†908), or whoever compiled Sanas Chormaic, treated Welsh on the same basis as Greek, Latin, and the lingua northmannorum in the elucidation of the meaning and history of Irish words. [...]"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133088405",
"bllo:bll-13308731X",
"bllo:bll-133113035",
"bllo:Greek",
"bllo:bll-133112608",
"bllo:bll-133095894",
"bllo:bll-133109836"
] | [
[
"Death",
"Tod"
],
[
"Danish",
"Dänisch"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latein"
],
[
"Greek",
"Griechisch"
],
[
"Welsh",
"Kymrisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"NorthGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"North Germanic",
"Nordgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
1744 | Prepositional possessive constructions in Celtic Languages and Celtic Englishes | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Extract: [...] One of the often noted characteristic features of the Celtic languages is the absence of a singular verbal form with the meaning ‘to have’.1 The principal way of expressing possession is through periphrastic constructions with prepositions (such as Irish ag, Scottish Gaelic aig ‘at’; Welsh gan, Breton gant ‘at, with’) and appropriate forms of the substantive verb. Pronominal prepositions, another distinctive feature of the Celtic languages, consist of a preposition and a suffixed pronoun, or rather a pronominal personal ending. This construction may be analyzed as an instance of category fusion. Thus, the Irish and Welsh equivalents of English ‘I have money’ are Tá airgead agam or Mae arian gen i, respectively, both literally meaning ‘is money at-me/with-me’. This note discusses pronominal possessive constructions in Celtic languages (and some comparable examples from Celtic Englishes) and provides some background information on pronominal prepositions and comments on historical developments of these forms. It also discusses some terminological issues involved in labelling the construction in question. [...]"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133127125",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133082792",
"bllo:bll-133119092",
"bllo:bll-467296863",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-341642843",
"bllo:bll-133112608",
"bllo:Possession",
"bllo:bll-474052087",
"bllo:bll-13308812X",
"bllo:bll-133109836",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:bll-133119394"
] | [
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Breton",
"Bretonisch"
],
[
"Preposition",
"Präposition"
],
[
"Gen",
"Gen"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Scottish Gaelic",
"Schottisches Gälisch"
],
[
"Welsh",
"Kymrisch"
],
[
"Possession",
"Possession"
],
[
"Gan",
"Gan"
],
[
"Money",
"Geld"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Pronoun",
"Pronomen"
]
] | [
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Adposition",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Gbe",
"bll-133095932",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-341642606",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SemanticRelation",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133085325",
"bll-133122719",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Adposition",
"Adposition"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Gbe",
"Gbe"
],
[
"Kwa languages",
"Kwa-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Goidelic languages",
"Goidelische Sprachen"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Semantic relation",
"Semantische Relation"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Chinese",
"Chinesisch"
],
[
"Sino-Tibetan languages",
"Sinotibetische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
1745 | Language shift, Diglossia and dialectal variation in Western Brittany : the case of Southern Cornouaille | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Extract: [...]In the first part of this paper I trace the language shift from Breton to French within the historical, social and ideological framework in which it occurred. I then argue that 19th and 20th-century attempts by scholars and militants to rehabilitate the Breton language led to the creation of a unified standard (peurunvan).2 The consequence has been the rise of a three-way diglossic rapport between the speakers of French, the new Breton standard3 and those of the traditional Breton vernaculars. Taking the varieties of southern Cornouaille (Finistère) between Quimper and Quimperlé as a point of comparison,4 I focus on a number of phonological, morphological, syntactical and lexical features which, though far from exhausttive, are not generally taken into account in the new standard language. These details provide a general idea of how varieties of Breton function at the micro-dialectological level, as well as ways in which they can differ from the standard and other spoken varieties. The paper concludes with observations regarding the necessity to consider languages, language varieties and their speakers within relevant social contexts.[...]"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133082792",
"bllo:Trace",
"bllo:bll-133070557",
"bllo:bll-398942803",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133072851"
] | [
[
"Breton",
"Bretonisch"
],
[
"Trace",
"Trace"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Creation",
"Schöpfung"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"NullElement",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Null element",
"Null-Element"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
1746 | “Mozeying on down ...” : the Cornish Language in North America | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Content: Cornish Scat Abroad The Next Parish after Land’s End: Early Explorations William Gwavas and that 1710 Letter Yee-Har!!: Miners and Cowboys Some Language Cowboys: Nancarrow, Bottrell and Weekes Cornish Language in Twenty-First-Century North America"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:Letter",
"bllo:bll-133111768"
] | [
[
"Letter",
"Buchstabe"
],
[
"Cornish",
"Kornisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073238",
"OrthographicEntity",
"GraphemicPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Grapheme",
"Graphem"
],
[
"Orthographic entity",
"Orthographische Einheit"
],
[
"Graphemic phenomenon",
"Graphemisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"GraphemicPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
1747 | The growth of Irish (L1) : English (L2) Literary Code-mixing, 1600-1900: contexts, genres and realisations | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Extract: [...]Intriguing as they undoubtedly are, the early sixteenth-century lists of books in the Earl of Kildare’s library may well have inadvertently helped to lull scholars into visualising a rather idealised picture of language balance in multilingual late medieval Ireland. The lists reflect a society in which the four languages, Irish, English, Latin and French, vied as scholarly media and where the outcome in the Earl’s library was a four-way photo-finish. The number of volumes in each of the languages was recorded as follows: Latin, 34; French, 35; English, 22; Irish, 20 (Mac Niocaill 1992: 312-314). But of course the multilingual contact situation in Ireland had always been quite dynamic, both at vernacular and at scholarly levels, following the Anglo-Norman invasion of 1169. Although French continued to be employed in official documents into the second half of the 15th century, it had already ceded its vernacular role to English in the towns of the colonists prior to the drawing up of the Statutes of Kilkenny in 1366. These Statutes, composed in Norman-French, the primary language of English law at the time, provide an earlier snapshot of the language situation within the areas under English jurisdiction, as they sought to compel the colonists to desist from adopting Irish as a community vernacular. Ironically, no mention is made of Norman-French in the Statutes themselves. It is clear that what was at issue was a contest for supremacy between Irish and English as the principal vernacular among the colonists.[...]"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133070557",
"bllo:bll-133113035",
"bllo:bll-13307742X",
"bllo:Multilingual",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133073408"
] | [
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latein"
],
[
"Anglo-Norman",
"Anglonormannisch"
],
[
"Multilingual",
"Mehrsprachig"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133117073",
"FrenchDialect",
"bll-133070557",
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LingualityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Norman",
"Normannisch"
],
[
"French dialects",
"Französische Dialekte"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
""
] |
1748 | Syntax and prosody in language contact and shift | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Extract: [...]It is true that scholars concentrate on a certain linguistic level in order to reach the greatest depth in their research. But this general stance should not lead to a complete neglect of other levels. When considering a multi-level phenomenon such as language contact and shift, concentration on a single linguistic level can have the unintended and unfortunate consequence of missing linguistically significant generalisations. This is especially true of the main division of linguistic research into a phonological and a grammatical camp, where syntacticians miss phonological generalisations and phonologists syntactic ones. In the present paper the interrelationship of syntax and prosody is investigated with a view to explaining how and why certain transfer structures from Irish became established in Irish English. In this context, the consideration of prosody can be helpful in explaining the precise form of transfer structures in the target variety, here vernacular Irish English. The data for the investigation will consider well-known features of this variety, such as unbound reflexives, non-standard comparatives and tag questions. Furthermore, the paper points out that, taking prosodic patterns into account, can help in extrapolating from individual transfer to the community- wide establishment of transfer structures. In sum, prosody is an essential element in any holistic account of language contact and shift.[...]"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:bll-133070409"
] | [
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
1749 | Of picts and penguins – Celtic Languages in the New Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Extract: [...]The New English Dictionary, later to become the Oxford English Dictionary, was first published between 1884 and 1928. To add new material, two supplements were issued after this, the first in 1933, and another, more extensive one between 1972 and 1986. In 1989, the Oxford English Dictionary, second edition (OED2) was published, which integrated the material from the original dictionary and the supplements into a single alphabetical sequence. However, virtually all material contained in this edition still remained in the form in which it was originally published. This is the edition most commonly used today, as it forms the basis of the Oxford English Dictionary Online and is also still being sold in print and on CD-ROM. In 1991, a new project started to revise the entire dictionary and bring its entries up to date, both in terms of English usage and in terms of associated scholarship, such as encyclopaedic information and etymologies. The scope was also widened, placing a greater emphasis on English spoken outside Britain. The revision of the dictionary began with the letter M, and the first updated entries were published online in March 2000 (OED3). Quarterly publication of further material has extended the range of revised entries as far as PROTEOSE n. (June 2007). New words from all parts of the alphabet have been published alongside the regular revision.[...]"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-133121895",
"bllo:Letter",
"bllo:Dictionary"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Scope",
"Scopus"
],
[
"Letter",
"Buchstabe"
],
[
"Dictionary",
"Wörterbuch"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
],
[
"bll-133073238",
"OrthographicEntity",
"GraphemicPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Grapheme",
"Graphem"
],
[
"Orthographic entity",
"Orthographische Einheit"
],
[
"Graphemic phenomenon",
"Graphemisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept",
"GraphemicPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
1750 | Late Modern Irish and the Dynamics of Language Change and Language Death | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Contents: Definition of Late Modern Irish Lexical and Syntactic Equivalence The Official Languages Act and the Translation Industry Dynamics of Language Change and Language Death Lack of Exposure and Critical Mass"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133088405",
"bllo:bll-275010589"
] | [
[
"Death",
"Tod"
],
[
"Translation",
"Übersetzen"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1751 | Assessing Celticity in a corpus of Irish Standard English | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Conventional wisdom since the earliest studies of Irish English has attributed much of what is distinctive about this variety to the influence of the Irish language. From the early philologists (Joyce 1910, van Hamel 1912) through the classic works of Henry (1957, 1958) and Bliss (1979) down to present-day linguistic orientations (e.g. Corrigan 2000 a, Filppula 1999, Fiess 2000, Hickey 2000, Todd 1999, and others), the question of Irish-language influence may be disputed on points of detail, but remains a central focus for most studies in the field. It is not our intention to argue with this consensus, nor to examine specific points of grammar in detail, but, rather, to suggest an approach to this question which (a) takes for its empirical base a sample of the standard language, rather than dialectal material or the sample sentences so beloved of many papers on the subject, and (b) understands Celticity not just in terms of the formal transfer of grammatical features, but as an indexical feature of language use, i.e. one in which English in Ireland is used in such a way as to point to the Irish language as a linguistic and cultural reference point. In this sense, our understanding of Celticity is not entirely grammatical, but relies as well on Pierce’s notion of indexicality (see Greenlee 1973), by which semiotic signs ‘point to’ other signs. Our focus in assessing Celticity, then, derives in the first instance from an examination of the International Corpus of English (ICE). We have recently completed the publication of the Irish component of ICE (ICE-Ireland), a machinereadable corpus of over 1 million words of speech and writing gathered from a range of contexts determined by the protocols of the global International Corpus of English project. The international nature of this corpus project makes for ready comparisons with other varieties of English, and in this paper we will focus on comparisons with the British corpus, ICE-GB. For references on ICE generally, see Greenbaum 1996; for ICE-GB, see especially Nelson, Wallis and Aarts 2002; and for ICE-Ireland, see papers such as Kirk, Kallen, Lowry & Rooney (2003), Kirk & Kallen (2005), and Kallen & Kirk (2007). Our first approach will be to look for signs of overt Celticity in those grammatical features of Irish English which have been put forward as evidence of Celtic transfer (or of the reinforcement between Celtic and non-Celtic historical sources); our second approach will be to look at non-grammatical ways in which texts in ICEIreland become indexical of Celticity by less structural means such as loanwords, code-switching, and covert reference using ‘standard’ English in ways that are specific to Irish usage. We argue that, at least within the standard language as we have observed it, Celticity is at once less obvious than a reading of the dialectal literature might suggest and, at the same time, more pervasive than a purely grammatical approach would imply."
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133101010",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-13307045X",
"bllo:bll-133120139",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:bll-133070530"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Notion",
"Begriff"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"English in Ireland",
"Englisch in Irland"
],
[
"Reference",
"Referenz"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Other varieties of English",
"Sonstige Formen des Englischen"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070409",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SemanticRelation",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070409",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Semantic relation",
"Semantische Relation"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
1752 | On the ‘Celticity’ of Irish Newspapers : a research report | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Extract: [...]Of all the print-media newspapers are the most commonly used. They are not literature in the sense of belles letters, but they should not be underestimated in their political, social and personal importance. No other printed product is as closely linked with everyday life as the newspapers. The day begins under their influence, and their contents mirror the events of the day with varying accuracy. Newspapers are strongly reader-oriented. They want to inform, but they also want to instil opinions. Specific choices of information shape the content level. Specific choices of language are resorted to in order to spread opinions and viewpoints. Language creates solidarity between the producers and the consumers of newspapers and thereby supports ideologies by specifically targeted linguistic means. Other strategies are employed for the same purpose, too. Visual aspects are of great importance, such as the typographical layout, the use of pictures, drawings, colours, fonts, etc.[...]"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-197234038"
] | [
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Life",
"Leben"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1753 | Language contact, change of language status : ‘Celtic’ national languages in the British Isles and Ireland | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Contents: Conceptual Clarifications Contact Situations – a Brief Outline Under Scrutiny I: Cornwall, Isle of Man and Scotland Under scrutiny II: Wales Under Scrutiny III: Ireland – a Lengthy Discourse"
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133102203"
] | [
[
"Man",
"Mann"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1754 | Prosodic focus in Vietnamese | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper reports on pilot work on the expression of Information Structure in Vietnamese and argues that Focus in Vietnamese is exclusively expressed prosodically: there are no specific focus markers, and the language uses phonology to express intonational emphasis in similar ways to languages like English or German. The exploratory data indicates that (i) focus is prosodically expressed while word order remains constant, (ii) listeners show good recoverability of the intended focus structure, and (iii) that there is a trading relationship between several phonetic parameters (duration, f0, amplitude) involved to signal prosodic (acoustic) emphasis."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133127702",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133077136"
] | [
[
"Vietnamese",
"Vietnamesisch"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133115739",
"bll-133095495",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Mon-Khmer",
"Mon-Khmer"
],
[
"Austroasiatic languages",
"Austroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1755 | Encoding information structure in Yucatec Maya | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The aim of this paper is to outline the means for encoding information structure in Yucatec Maya. Yucatec Maya is a tone language, displaying a three-fold opposition in the tonal realization of syllables. From the morpho-syntactic point of view, the grammar of Yucatec Maya contains morphological (topic affixes, morphological marking of out-of-focus predicates) and syntactic (designated positions) means to uniquely specify syntactic constructions for their information structure. After a descriptive overview of these phenomena, we present experimental evidence which reveals the impact of the nonavailability of prosodic alternatives on the choice of syntactic constructions in language production."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307594X",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Opposition",
"bllo:bll-133114759"
] | [
[
"Yucatec",
"Yukatan"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Opposition",
"Opposition"
],
[
"Maya",
"Maya"
]
] | [
[
"Yucatec",
"bll-133114759",
"bll-133075117",
"bll-133107264",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133075117",
"bll-133107264",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Yucatecan",
"Yukatekisch"
],
[
"Maya",
"Maya"
],
[
"Indigenous languages of North and Central America",
"Indigene Sprachen Nordamerikas und Zentralamerikas"
],
[
"Native American languages",
"Indigene amerikanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Indigenous languages of North and Central America",
"Indigene Sprachen Nordamerikas und Zentralamerikas"
],
[
"Native American languages",
"Indigene amerikanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
1756 | Information structure in linguistic theory and in speech production : validation of a Cross-Linguistic data set | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The aim of this paper is to validate a dataset collected by means of production experiments which are part of the Questionnaire on Information Structure. The experiments generate a range of information structure contexts that have been observed in the literature to induce specific constructions. This paper compares the speech production results from a subset of these experiments with specific claims about the reflexes of information structure in four different languages. The results allow us to evaluate and in most cases validate the efficacy of our elicitation paradigms, to identify potentially fruitful avenues of future research, and to highlight issues involved in interpreting speech production data of this kind."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133099377",
"bllo:bll-133126064"
] | [
[
"Future",
"Futur"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
]
] | [
[
"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
""
] |
1757 | The particles lé and lá in the grammar of Konkomba | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The paper investigates focus marking devices in the scarcely documented North-Ghanaian Gur language Konkomba. The two particles lé and lá occur under specific focus conditions and are therefore regarded as focus markers in the sparse literature. Comparing the distribution and obligatoriness of both alleged focus markers however, I show that one of the particles, lé, is better analyzed as a connective particle, i.e. as a syntactic rather than as a genuine pragmatic marker, and that comparable syntactic focus marking strategies for sentence-initial constituents are also known from related languages."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133102556",
"bllo:bll-133111253",
"bllo:bll-133101517",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:Distribution",
"bllo:bll-133117987"
] | [
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Connective",
"Konnektor"
],
[
"Particles",
"Partikelwörterbuch"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Distribution",
"Distribution"
],
[
"Particle",
"Partikel"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"DictionaryTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
1758 | Focus expressions in Foodo | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper aims at presenting different ways of expressing focus in Foodo, a Guang language. We can differentiate between marked and unmarked focus strategies. The marked focus expressions are first syntactically characterized: the focused constituent is in sentence-initial position and is second always marked obligatorily by a focus marker, which is nɩ for non-subjects and N for subjects. Complementary to these structures, Foodo knows an elliptic form consisting of the focused constituent and a predication marker gɛ́. It will be shown that the two focus markers can be analyzed as having developed out of the homophone conjunction nɩ and that the constraints on the use of the focus markers can be best explained by this fact."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133111199",
"bllo:bll-133075281",
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Conjunction",
"Konjunktion"
],
[
"Predication",
"Prädikation"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
1759 | Functional similarities between bimanual coordination and topic/comment structure | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Human manual action exhibits a differential use of a non-dominant (typically, left) and a dominant (typically, right) hand. Human communication exhibits a pervasive structuring of utterances into topic and comment. I will point out striking similarities between the coordination of hands in bimanual actions, and the structuring of utterances in topics and comments. I will also show how principles of bimanual coordination influence the expression of topic/comment structure in sign languages and in gestures accompanying spoken language, and suggest that bimanual coordination might have been a preadaptation of the development of information structure in human communication."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Human",
"bllo:SignLanguage",
"bllo:Spoken",
"bllo:bll-133074161",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-13307904X"
] | [
[
"Human",
"Menschlich"
],
[
"Sign languages",
"Gebärdensprachen"
],
[
"Spoken language",
"Gesprochene Sprache"
],
[
"Coordination",
"Parataxe"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Communication",
"Kommunikation"
]
] | [
[
"HumannessFeature",
"SemanticFeature",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ModalityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"InterclausalRelation",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Humanness feature",
"Menschlichkeit"
],
[
"Semantic feature",
"Semantisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Interclausal relation",
"Satzverknüpfung"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1760 | The interpretation of Universally Quantified DPs and singular definites in adverbially quantified sentences | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper deals with the conditions under which singular definites, on the one hand, and universally quantified DPs, on the other hand, receive interpretations according to which the sets denoted by the NP-complements of the respective determiner vary with the situations quantified over by a Q-adverb. I show that in both cases such interpretations depend on the availability of situation predicates that are compatible with the presuppositions associated with the respective determiner, as co-variation in both cases comes about via the binding of a covert situation variable that is contained within the NP-complement of the respective determiner. Secondly, I offer an account for the observation that the availability of a co-varying interpretation is more constrained in the case of universally quantified DPs than in the case of singular definites, as far as word order is concerned. This is shown to follow from the fact that co-varying definites in contrast to universally quantified DPs are inherently focus-marked."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133089118",
"bllo:Word"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1761 | Intonation and discourse | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper surveys a range of constructions in which prosody affects discourse function and discourse structure.We discuss English tag questions, negative polar questions, and what we call “focus” questions. We postulate that these question types are complex speech acts and outline an analysis in Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT) to account for the interactions between prosody and discourse."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
1762 | Focus asymmetries in Bura | eng | doc-type:article | [
"(Chadic), which exhibits a number of asymmetries: Grammatical focus marking is obligatory only with focused subjects, where focus is marked by the particle án following the subject. Focused subjects remain in situ and the complement of án is a regular VP. With nonsubject foci, án appears in a cleft-structure between the fronted focus constituent and a relative clause. We present a semantically unified analysis of focus marking in Bura that treats the particle as a focusmarking copula in T that takes a property-denoting expression (the background) and an individual-denoting expression (the focus) as arguments. The article also investigates the realization of predicate and polarity focus, which are almost never marked. The upshot of the discussion is that Bura shares many characteristic traits of focus marking with other Chadic languages, but it crucially differs in exhibiting a structural difference in the marking of focus on subjects and non-subject constituents."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:bll-13308681X",
"bllo:bll-133074072",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:bll-13311905X",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-18231796X",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:Clause",
"bllo:bll-133117987"
] | [
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Copula",
"Kopula"
],
[
"Relative clause",
"Relativsatz"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Predicate",
"Prädikat"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Chadic languages",
"Tschadische Sprachen"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Particle",
"Partikel"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133079244",
"bll-133127125",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074056",
"FiniteClause",
"Clause",
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Auxiliary",
"Auxiliarverb"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Subordinate clause",
"Nebensatz"
],
[
"Finite clause",
"Finiter Teilsatz"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
1763 | Single prosodic phrase sentences | eng | doc-type:article | [
"A series of production and perception experiments investigating the prosody and well-formedness of special sentences, called Wide Focus Partial Fronting (WFPF), which consist of only one prosodic phrase and a unique initial accented argument, are reported on here. The results help us to decide between different models of German prosody. The absence of pitch height difference on the accent of the sentence speaks in favor of a relative model of prosody, in which accents are scaled relative to each other, and against models in which pitch accents are scaled in an absolute way. The results also speak for a model in which syntax, but not information structure, influences the prosodic phrasing. Finally, perception experiments show that the prosodic structure of sentences with a marked word order needs to be presented for grammaticality judgments. Presentation of written material only is not enough, and falsifies the results."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:Phrase",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-31572529X",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-217289088",
"bllo:bll-13307384X"
] | [
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Phrase",
"Phrase"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Perception",
"Wahrnehmung"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Initial",
"Initiale"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
]
] | [
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Abbreviation",
"Residual",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Abbreviation",
"Abkürzung"
],
[
"Residual",
"Restkategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
1765 | Quantificational Variability Effects with plural definites | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In this paper we compare the behaviour of adverbs of frequency (de Swart 1993) like usually with the behaviour of adverbs of quantity like for the most part in sentences that contain plural definites. We show that sentences containing the former type of Q-adverb evidence that Quantificational Variability Effects (Berman 1991) come about as an indirect effect of quantification over situations: in order for quantificational variability readings to arise, these sentences have to obey two newly observed constraints that clearly set them apart from sentences containing corresponding quantificational DPs, and that can plausibly be explained under the assumption that quantification over (the atomic parts of) complex situations is involved. Concerning sentences with the latter type of Q-adverb, on the other hand, such evidence is lacking: with respect to the constraints just mentioned, they behave like sentences that contain corresponding quantificational DPs. We take this as evidence that Q-adverbs like for the most part do not quantify over the atomic parts of sum eventualities in the cases under discussion (as claimed by Nakanishi and Romero (2004)), but rather over the atomic parts of the respective sum individuals."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Plural",
"bllo:bll-13311497X",
"bllo:bll-133104133"
] | [
[
"Plural",
"Plural"
],
[
"Quantity",
"Mengenbezeichnung"
],
[
"Frequency",
"Häufigkeitsbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"NumberFeature",
"AgreementFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Number feature",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Agreement feature",
"Kongruenz"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1766 | Morphological focus marking in Gùrùntùm (West Chadic) | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The paper presents an in-depth study of focus marking in Gùrùntùm, a West Chadic language spoken in Bauchi Province of Northern Nigeria. Focus in Gùrùntùm is marked morphologically by means of a focus marker a, which typically precedes the focus constituent. Even though the morphological focus-marking system of Gùrùntùm allows for a lot of fine-grained distinctions in information structure (IS) in principle, the language is not entirely free of focus ambiguities that arise as the result of conflicting IS- and syntactic requirements that govern the placement of focus markers. We show that morphological focus marking with a applies across different types of focus, such as newinformation, contrastive, selective and corrective focus, and that a does not have a second function as a perfectivity marker, as is assumed in the literature. In contrast, we show at the end of the paper that a can also function as a foregrounding device at the level of discourse structure."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:bll-133103145",
"bllo:Even",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:WestChadic"
] | [
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Bauchi",
"Baushi"
],
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"West Chadic",
"Westtschadisch"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-277101239",
"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-18231796X",
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Kainji languages",
"Kainji-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Chadic languages",
"Tschadische Sprachen"
],
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
1767 | A discourse-based approach to verb placement in early West-Germanic | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The paper presents a novel approach to explaining word order variation in the early Germanic languages. Initial observations about verb placement as a device marking types of rhetorical relations made on data from Old High German (cf. Hinterhölzl & Petrova 2005) are now reconsidered on a larger scale and compared with evidence from other early Germanic languages. The paper claims that the identification of information-structural domains in a sentence is best achieved by taking into account the interaction between the pragmatic features of discourse referents and properties of discourse organization."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133127125",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:HighGerman",
"bllo:bll-133070174",
"bllo:bll-217289088",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:bll-133070166"
] | [
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"Old High German",
"Althochdeutsch"
],
[
"Initial",
"Initiale"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
]
] | [
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"HistoricalFormOfHighGerman",
"HighGerman",
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Abbreviation",
"Residual",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Historical form of High German",
"Sprachstufe des Hochdeutschen"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Abbreviation",
"Abkürzung"
],
[
"Residual",
"Restkategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
1768 | The recognition of the prosodic focus position in German-learning infants from 4 to 14 months | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The aim of the present study was to elucidate in a study with 4-, 6-, 8-, and 14-month-old German-learning children, when and how they may acquire the regularities which underlie Focus-to-Stress Alignment (FSA) in the target language, that is, how prosody is associated with specific communicative functions. Our findings suggest, that 14-month-olds have already found out that German allows for variable focus positions, after having gone through a development which goes from a predominantly prosodically driven processing of the input to a processing where prosody interacts more and more with the growing lexical and syntactic knowledge of the child."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:bll-133070158"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
1769 | An analysis of pitch and duration in material used to test L2 processing of words | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The material reported on in this paper is part of a set of experiments in which the role of Information Structure on L2 processing of words is tested. Pitch and duration of 4 sets of experimental material in German and English are measured and analyzed in this paper. The well-known finding that accent boosts duration and pitch is confirmed. Syntactic and lexical means of marking focus, however, do not give the duration and the pitch of a word an extra boost."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
1770 | On 'nicht...sondern...' (contrastive 'not...but...') | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This article presents an analysis of German nicht...sondern... (contrastive not...but...) which departs from the commonly held view that this construction should be explained by appeal to its alleged corrective function. It will be demonstrated that in nicht A sondern B (not A but B), A and B just behave like stand-alone unmarked answers to a common question Q, and that this property of sondern is presuppositional in character. It is shown that from this general observation many interesting properties of nicht...sondern... follow, among them distributional differences between German 'sondern' and German 'aber' (contrastive but, concessive but), intonational requirements and exhaustivity effects. sondern's presupposition is furthermore argued to be the result of the conventionalization of conversational implicatures."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
1771 | Basic notions of information structure | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This article takes stock of the basic notions of Information Structure (IS). It first provides a general characterization of IS — following Chafe (1976) — within a communicative model of Common Ground(CG), which distinguishes between CG content and CG management. IS is concerned with those features of language that concern the local CG. Second, this paper defines and discusses the notions of Focus (as indicating alternatives) and its various uses, Givenness (as indicating that a denotation is already present in the CG), and Topic (as specifying what a statement is about). It also proposes a new notion, Delimitation, which comprises contrastive topics and frame setters, and indicates that the current conversational move does not entirely satisfy the local communicative needs. It also points out that rhetorical structuring partly belongs to IS."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Sonderforschungsbereich 632 - Informationsstruktur",
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:bll-133101010",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133072851"
] | [
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Notion",
"Begriff"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
1773 | Notions of focus anaphoricity | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This article reviews some of the theoretical notions and empirical phenomena which figure in current formal-semantic theories of focus. It also develops the connection between “alternative semantics” and “givenness” accounts of focus interpretation."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
1774 | Topic and focus | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The paper explicates the notions of topic, contrastive topic, and focus as used in the analysis of Hungarian. Based on distributional criteria, topic and focus are claimed to represent distinct structural positions in the left periphery of the Hungarian sentence, associated with logical rather than discourse functions. The topic is interpreted as the logical subject of predication. The focus is analyzed as a derived main predicate, specifying the referential content of the set denoted by the backgrounded post-focus section of the sentence. The exhaustivity associated with the focus and the existential presupposition associated with the background are shown to be properties following from their specificational predication relation."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133075281",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133126692",
"bllo:bll-13311905X",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Predication",
"Prädikation"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Hungarian",
"Ungarisch"
],
[
"Predicate",
"Prädikat"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133096793",
"bll-13308390X",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Finno-Ugric languages",
"Finno-Ugrische Sprachen"
],
[
"Uralic languages",
"Uralische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
1775 | Direct and indirect aboutness topics | eng | doc-type:article | [
"We propose a definition of aboutness topicality that not only encompasses individual denoting DPs, but also indefinites. We concentrate on the interpretative effects of marking indefinites as topics: they either receive widest scope in their clause, or they are interpreted in the restrictor of an overt or covert Q-adverb. We show that in the first case they are direct aboutness topics insofar as they are the subject of a predication expressed by the comment, while in the second case they are indirect aboutness topics: they define the subject of a higher-order predication – namely the set of situations that the respective Q-adverb quantifies over."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133075281",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133121895",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:Clause"
] | [
[
"Predication",
"Prädikation"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Scope",
"Scopus"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
1776 | Information Structure as information-based partition | eng | doc-type:article | [
"While the Information Structure (IS) is most naturally interpreted as 'structure of information', some may argue that it is structure of something else, and others may object to the use of the word 'structure'. This paper focuses on the question of whether the informational component can have structural properties such that it can be called 'structure'. The preliminary conclusion is that, although there are some vague indications of structurehood in it, it is perhaps better understood to be a representation that encodes a finite set of information-based partitions, rather than structure."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:Word"
] | [
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1777 | Focus presuppositions | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper reviews notions related to focus and presupposition and addresses the hypothesis that focus triggers an existential presupposition. Presupposition projection behavior in certain examples appears to favor a presuppositional analysis of focus. It is argued that these examples are open to a different analysis using givenness theory. Overall, the analysis favors a weak semantics for focus not including an existential presupposition."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
1778 | Contrastive focus, givenness and the unmarked status of “Discourse-New” | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"New evidence is provided for a grammatical principle that singles out contrastive focus (Rooth 1996; Truckenbrodt 1995) and distinguishes it from discourse-new “informational” focus. Since the prosody of discourse-given constituents may also be distinguished from discourse-new, a three-way distinction in representation is motivated. It is assumed that an F-feature marks just contrastive focus (Jackendoff 1972, Rooth 1992), and that a G-feature marks discoursegiven constituents (Féry and Samek-Lodovici 2006), while discoursenew is unmarked. A crucial argument for G-marking comes from second occurrence focus (SOF) prosody, which arguably derives from a syntactic representation where SOF is both F-marked and G-marked. This analysis relies on a new G-Marking Condition specifying that a contrastive focus may be G-marked only if the focus semantic value of its scope is discourse-given, i.e. only if the contrast itself is given."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:SyntacticRepresentation",
"bllo:bll-133121895",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Syntactic representation",
"Syntaktische Repräsentation"
],
[
"Scope",
"Scopus"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
1779 | Contrastive focus | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The article puts forward a discourse-pragmatic approach to the notoriously evasive phenomena of contrastivity and emphasis. It is argued that occurrences of focus that are treated in terms of ‘contrastive focus’, ‘kontrast’ (Vallduví & Vilkuna 1998) or ‘identificational focus’ (É. Kiss 1998) in the literature should not be analyzed in familiar semantic terms like introduction of alternatives or exhaustivity. Rather, an adequate analysis must take into account discourse-pragmatic notions like hearer expectation or discourse expectability of the focused content in a given discourse situation. The less expected a given content is judged to be for the hearer, relative to the Common Ground, the more likely a speaker is to mark this content by means of special grammatical devices, giving rise to emphasis."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
1780 | Information structural notions and the fallacy of invariant correlates | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In a first step, definitions of the irreducible information structural categories are given, and in a second step, it is shown that there are no invariant phonological or otherwise grammatical correlates of these categories. In other words, the phonology, syntax or morphology are unable to define information structure. It is a common mistake that information structural categories are expressed by invariant grammatical correlates, be they syntactic, morphological or phonological. It is rather the case that grammatical cues help speaker and hearer to sort out which element carries which information structural role, and only in this sense are the grammatical correlates of information structure important. Languages display variation as to the role of grammar in enhancing categories of information structure, and this variation reflects the variation found in the ‘normal’ syntax and phonology of languages."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-13307384X"
] | [
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
]
] | [
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
1781 | Notions and subnotions in information structure | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Three dimensions can be distinguished in a cross-linguistic account of information structure. First, there is the definition of the focus constituent, the part of the linguistic expression which is subject to some focus meaning. Second and third, there are the focus meanings and the array of structural devices that encode them. In a given language, the expression of focus is facilitated as well as constrained by the grammar within which the focus devices operate. The prevalence of focus ambiguity, the structural inability to make focus distinctions, will thus vary across languages, and within a language, across focus meanings."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:Ambiguity",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Ambiguity",
"Ambiguität"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
1782 | The restricted access of information structure to syntax | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper sketches the view that syntax does not directly interact with information structure. Therefore, syntactic data are of little help when one wants to narrow down the interpretation of terms such as “focus”, “topic”, etc."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
1783 | Focus and Tone | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Tone is a distinctive feature of the lexemes in tone languages. The information-structural category focus is usually marked by syntactic and morphological means in these languages, but sometimes also by intonation strategies. In intonation languages, focus is marked by pitch movements, which are also perceived as tone. The present article discusses prosodic focus marking in these two language types."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
1832 | Le Vieux-Gallois | fra | doc-type:book | [
"Alexander I. Falilejevs Edition altwalisischer/altkymrischer Texte bietet eine erstmalige Zu-sammenstellung sämtlicher erhaltener Textzeugnisse dieser inselkeltischen Sprache. Sie datieren in die Zeit vor dem Jahr 1000 n.Chr. zurück. Jeder Text ist mit einem Glossar und einem ausführlichen linguistischen Kommentar versehen. Dieser Kommentar sowie die Einleitung liefern einen kompletten Überblick über den gegenwärtigen Wissensstand auf dem Gebiet des Altwalisischen. Der systematische Teil des Buches ordnet die linguistischen Formen (Phono-logie, Morphologie, Syntax) zu einem Abriß der altwalisischen Grammatik. Yves Le Berres Übersetzung der russischen Vorlage (Древневаллийский язык (Drevnevalliskiy yazyk), Moskau 2002) ins Französische ermöglicht der Forschung erstmalig einen Zugang zum Alt-walisischen in einer westeuropäischen Sprache. Das Altwalisische ist nicht nur für das Verständnis der anderen älteren inselkeltischen Spra-chen wichtig (Irisch, Bretonisch und Kornisch), sondern auch für die Entstehungsgeschichte des Englischen. Das Altwalisische war die erste Kontaktsprache der Sprecher des sich heraus-bildenden mittelalterlichen Englischen.",
"This book offers, for the first time, a complete collection of the textual documents known so far in the Old Welsh language. Dr. Alexander I. Falileyev’s edition of these documents is ac-companied by a running linguistic commentary as well as a glossary. The grammatical section of the book orders all the linguistic evidence found in these texts in a systematic form. Both, the textual evidence and the linguistic analysis allow a complete picture of the present state of the research on the Old Welsh language. Dr. Falileyev’s book originally appeared in Moscow in 2002 (Древневаллийский язык (Drevnevalliskiy yazyk)). It was updated by the author in 2007 and translated by Prof. Yves Le Berre (Brest) into French, so as to make this important work accessible to scholars not versed in the Russian language. The Old Welsh language is not only important for a wider understanding of the evidence of the other medieval Insular Celtic languages (Irish, Breton and Cornish), but also for the his-tory of English, as Old Welsh was the first language that speakers of nascent English were in contact with."
] | ddc:490 | [
"Institut für Romanistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133089762",
"bllo:bll-133112608",
"bllo:Glossary",
"bllo:Glossary",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133111768",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:InsularCeltic",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133109836",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133111768",
"bllo:bll-133084698",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133082792",
"bllo:bll-133082792",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133070557",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:Text",
"bllo:bll-133121011"
] | [
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"War",
"Krieg"
],
[
"Welsh",
"Kymrisch"
],
[
"Glossary",
"Glossar"
],
[
"Glossary",
"Glossar"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Cornish",
"Kornisch"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Cornish",
"Kornisch"
],
[
"State",
"Zustandsbezeichnung"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Breton",
"Bretonisch"
],
[
"Breton",
"Bretonisch"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Text",
"Text"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"DictionaryTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"DictionaryTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133088766",
"InsularCeltic",
"bll-133109836",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"EastSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Brythonic",
"Britannisch"
],
[
"Insular Celtic",
"Inselkeltisch"
],
[
"Celtic languages",
"Keltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"East Slavic",
"Ostslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
1833 | Die Verarbeitung von negativen Imperativen im Bulgarischen : Evidenz aus Spracherwerb und Sprachstörung | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"The incremental nature of sentence processing raises questions about the way the information of incoming functional elements is accessed and subsequently employed in building the syntactic structure which sustains interpretation processes. The present work approaches these questions by investigating the negative particle ne used for sentential negation in Bulgarian and its impact on the overt realisation and the interpretation of imperative inflexion, bound aspectual morphemes and clitic pronouns in child, adult and aphasic language. In contrast to other Slavic languages, Bulgarian negative imperatives (NI) are grammatical only with imperfective verbs. We argue that NI are instantiations of overt aspectual coercion induced by the presence of negation as a temporally sensitive sentential operator. The scope relation between imperative mood, negation, and aspect yields the configuration of the imperfective present which in Bulgarian has to be overtly expressed and prompts the imperfective marking of the predicate. The regular and transparent application of the imperfectivising mechanism relates to the organisation of the TAM categories in Bulgarian which not only promotes the representation of fine perspective shifts but also provides for their distinct morphological expression. Using an elicitation task with NI, we investigated the way 3- and 4-year-old children represent negation in deontic contexts as reflected in their use of aspectually appropriate predicates. Our findings suggest that children are sensitive to the imperfectivity requirement in NI from early on. The imperfectivisation strategies reveal some differences from the target morphological realisation. The relatively low production of target imperfectivised prefixed verbs cannot be explained with morphological processing deficits, but rather indicates that up to the age of five children experience difficulties to apply a progressive view point to accomplishments. Two self-paced reading studies present evidence that neurologically unimpaired Bulgarian speakers profit from the syntactic and prosodic properties of negation during online sentence comprehension. The imperfectivity requirement negation imposes on the predicate speeds up lexical access to imperfective verbs. Similarly, clitic pronouns are more accessible after negation due to the phono-syntactic properties of clitic clusters. As the experimental stimuli do not provide external discourse referents, personal pronouns are parsed as object agreement markers. Without subsequent resolution, personal pronouns appear to be less resource demanding than reflexive clitics. This finding is indicative of the syntax-driven co-reference establishment processes triggered through the lexical specification of reflexive clitics. The results obtained from Bulgarian Broca's aphasics show that they exhibit processing patterns similar to those of the control group. Notwithstanding their slow processing speed, the agrammatic group showed no impairment of negation as reflected by their sensitivity to the aspectual requirements of NI, and to the prosodic constraints on clitic placement. The aphasics were able to parse the structural dependency between mood, negation and aspect as functional categories and to represent it morphologically. The prolonged reaction times (RT) elicited by prefixed verbs indicate increasing processing costs due to the semantic integration of prefixes as perfectivity markers into an overall imperfective construal. This inference is supported by the slower RT to reflexive clitics, which undergo a structurally triggered resolution. Evaluated against cross-linguistic findings, the obtained result strongly suggests that aphasic performance with pronouns depends on the interpretation efforts associated with co-reference establishment and varies due to availability of discourse referents. The investigation of normal and agrammatic processing of Bulgarian NI presents support for the hypothesis that the comprehension deficits in Broca's aphasia result from a slowed-down implementation of syntactic operations. The protracted structure building consumes processing resources and causes temporal mismatches with other processes sustaining sentence comprehension. The investigation of the way Bulgarian children and aphasic speakers process NI reveals that both groups are highly sensitive to the imperfective constraint on the aspectual construal imposed by the presence of negation. The imperfective interpretation requires access to morphologically complex verb forms which contain aspectual morphemes with conflicting semantic information – perfective prefixes and imperfective suffixes. Across modalities, both populations exhibit difficulties in processing prefixed imperfectivised verbs which as predicates of negative imperative sentences reflect the inner perspective the speaker and the addressee need to take towards a potentially bounded situation description.",
"Die schnelle und automatische Natur der Satzverarbeitung wirft Fragen nach der inkrementellen Integration von funktionalen Elementen auf. Wie erfolgt der Zugriff auf die strukturellen, semantischen und prosodischen Informationen der funktionalen Elemente? Wie werden diese Informationen beim Aufbau der syntaktischen Struktur so verknüpft, dass eine wohlgeformte semantische Repräsentation entsteht? Die vorliegende Dissertation widmet sich diesen Fragen durch die Untersuchung der Verarbeitungsmuster von bulgarischen negativen Imperativen (NI) in der Sprache von Kindern, Erwachsenen und Broca-Aphasikern. Die Effekte der Negationspartikel ne auf die Realisierung und die Interpretation von Imperativ- und Aspektmorphologie sowie von klitischen Pronomen werden in Produktions- und online Satzverständnistests untersucht. Im Unterschied zu anderen slawischen Sprachen sind synthetische NI im Bulgarischen mit perfektiven Verben ungrammatisch. Diese Besonderheit wird zunächst durch die aspektuelle Interpretation von NI und die sprachspezifische Organisation des TAM-Systems begründet. Die Aspektrestriktion resultiert aus dem Aspektzwang, den die Negation als temporal sensitiver Operator auslöst. Die Skopusrelation zwischen imperativem Modus, Negation und Aspekt ergibt die temporale Konfiguration von imperfektivem Präsens, die im Bulgarischen morphologisch durch die Imperfektivierung des Prädikats markiert werden muss. Der Wechsel in der aspektuellen Perspektive wird durch einen produktiven und transparenten Imperfektivierungsmechanismus gewährleistet. Der Erwerb von Negation in deontischen Kontexten wurde anhand der Produktion von imperfektiven Prädikaten in einem Elizitationsexperiment mit 3- und 4-jährigen Kindern untersucht. Die Ergebnisse belegen eine frühe Sensitivität für die aspektuelle Wohlgeformtheit der NI. Die Imperfektivierungsstragien zeigen jedoch Abweichungen von der zielsprachlichen morphologischen Realisierung. Die relativ niedrige Produktion von imperfektivierten präfigierten Verben kann nicht durch Defizite in der Morphologieverarbeitung erklärt werden. Die Fehleranalyse verdeutlicht die Schwierigkeiten der Kinder eine Innenperspektive zu potenziell gebundenen Ereignissen einzunehmen, die der zielsprachlichen Interpretation entspräche. Die syntaktischen und prosodischen Effekte der Negation auf die inkrementelle Verarbeitung von Imperativen bei erwachsenen bulgarischen Muttersprachlern wurde in zwei online Leseexperimenten (self-paced reading) untersucht. Die Reaktionszeiten (RT) zeigen, dass die Negation den lexikalischen Zugriff auf imperfektive Verben beschleunigt. In NI wird der Verarbeitungsaufwand für klitische Pronomen auch deutlich reduziert, da die proklitische Negation mit den pronominalen Enklitika eine phono-syntaktisch strikt geordnete Sequenz bildet. Da der experimentelle Kontext keine externen Diskursreferenten bereitstellt, werden klitische Personalpronomen als Objektkongruenzmarker verarbeitet. Dementsprechend elizitieren sie kürzere RT als die reflexiven Klitika, die eine syntaktisch motivierte Resolution auslösen. Abgesehen von der deutlich verlangsamten Geschwindigkeit, weisen die RT der untersuchten Broca-Aphasikern ein mit dem der Kontrollgruppe vergleichbares Muster auf. Die Agrammatiker profitieren vom Aspektzwang sowie von den phono-syntaktischen Restriktionen der klitischen Gruppe in NI. Dieses Ergebnis wird als Evidenz interpretiert, dass keine qualitative Beeinträchtigung in der Verarbeitung der funktionalen Eigenschaften der Negation vorliegt. Die Aphasiker sind in der Lage die strukturell bedingte Interaktion zwischen Modus, Negation und Aspekt zu parsen und morphologisch abzubilden, weisen jedoch längere RT für präfigierte Verben auf, was auf einen erhöhten Interpretationsaufwand hindeutet. Die längeren RT der reflexiven Klitika sprechen auch dafür, dass die Performanz der Broca-Aphasikern eher durch den Resolutionsprozess und durch die Verfügbarkeit von Diskursreferenten bedingt wird. Die Lesezeit-Experimente liefern Evidenz für die Hypothese, dass Verständnisdefizite bei Broca-Aphasie von einer langsamen Implementierung syntaktischer Operationen resultieren. Die Limitierung von Verarbeitungsressourcen verzögert den Strukturaufbau und verursacht zeitliche Diskrepanzen zwischen Prozessen, die die semantische Repräsentation bedingen. Die Untersuchungen zur Verarbeitung von NI bei bulgarischen Kindern und Broca-Aphasikern belegen die hohe Sensitivität beider Gruppen für den Aspektzwang in prohibitiven NI. Die imperfektive Interpretation erfordert Zugang zu morphologisch komplexen Verben mit semantisch widersprüchlichen aspektuellen Affixen – perfektiven Präfixen und imperfektiven Suffixen. Beide Gruppen haben Schwierigkeiten präfigierte imperfektivierte Verben zu verarbeiten. Als Prädikate in NI reflektieren solche komplexe Verben die innere Perspektive, die Sprecher und Hörer in der Repräsentation eines potenziell gebundenen Ereignisses einzunehmen haben."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133127125",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133073475",
"bllo:bll-133119394",
"bllo:bll-133122794",
"bllo:bll-133111547",
"bllo:Constraint",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:MoodFeature",
"bllo:bll-133085813",
"bllo:bll-133085813",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:AccessTypeFeature",
"bllo:bll-133099369",
"bllo:Negation",
"bllo:AspectFeature",
"bllo:bll-133121895",
"bllo:bll-13311905X",
"bllo:bll-133119106",
"bllo:bll-133118258",
"bllo:bll-133117987",
"bllo:bll-133073467",
"bllo:bll-133107299",
"bllo:AccessTypeFeature",
"bllo:bll-133107159",
"bllo:bll-202330354",
"bllo:bll-133083667"
] | [
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Aspect",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Pronoun",
"Pronomen"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Control",
"Kontrollbeziehung"
],
[
"Constraint",
"Constraint"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Mood feature",
"Modus"
],
[
"Clitics",
"Klitika"
],
[
"Clitics",
"Klitika"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"Access",
"Zugriff"
],
[
"Object agreement",
"Objektkongruenz"
],
[
"Negation",
"Negation"
],
[
"Aspect feature",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Scope",
"Scopus"
],
[
"Predicate",
"Prädikat"
],
[
"Present tense",
"Präsens"
],
[
"Personal pronoun",
"Personalpronomen"
],
[
"Particle",
"Partikel"
],
[
"Mood",
"Modus"
],
[
"Indicative",
"Indikativ"
],
[
"Access",
"Zugriff"
],
[
"Imperative",
"Imperativ"
],
[
"Verbal behaviour",
"Sprechen"
],
[
"Bulgarian",
"Bulgarisch"
]
] | [
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"AspectFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073378",
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073378",
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"AgreementRelation",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133119394",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MoodFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MoodFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"MoodFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SouthSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Aspect feature",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Agreement relation",
"Kongruenzrelation"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pronoun",
"Pronomen"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Mood feature",
"Modus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Mood feature",
"Modus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Mood feature",
"Modus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
187 | Die Behandlung von Wortabrufstörungen bei Aphasie : eine methodenvergleichende Studie zum Bildbenennen | deu | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"In einer multiplen Einzelfallstudie mit zehn aphasischen Patienten wurde die Wirksamkeit eines semantischen und eines phonologischen Therapieansatzes zur Behandlung von Wortabrufstörungen verglichen. Detaillierte Einzelfalluntersuchungen ermöglichten die Diagnose der zugrundeliegenden funktionalen Störungen bei jedem Patienten. Auf diese Weise konnten die erzielten Therapieeffekte auf die individuellen kognitiv-neurolinguistischen Störungsmuster bezogen werden. Im Vordergrund der Therapie stand in beiden Ansätzen das mündliche Benennen von Objektabbildungen mit unterschiedlichen Arten von Hilfen. Während in der semantischen Therapie Teilaspekte des semantischen Zielkonzepts als Benennhilfen eingesetzt wurden, handelte es sich bei den phonologischen Hilfen um Teilinformationen der Zielwortform. Bei der Erhebung von spezifischen Therapieeffekten wurde zwischen itemspezifischen und itemübergreifenden Verbesserungen sowie kurz- und langfristigen Effekten auf die mündlichen Benennleistungen unterschieden. Dabei wurden neben den quantitativen Verbesserungen (% korrekt) auch die qualitativen Effekte (Fehlertypen) der beiden Ansätze berücksichtigt, und es wurden Transfereffekte in die Spontansprache der Patienten untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden auch die Soforteffekte der verschiedenen Benennhilfen in den Therapiesitzungen erhoben. Im Methodenvergleich zeigte sich, dass die phonologische Therapiephase kurzfristig bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten signifikante Verbesserungen beim Bildbenennen bewirkte, diese Effekte haben sich jedoch überwiegend als nicht stabil erwiesen. Im Gegensatz dazu erwies sich die semantische Therapiephase auch als langfristig effektiv. Im Unterschied dazu erwiesen sich die phonologischen Benennhilfen bei fast allen Patienten als unmittelbar effektiver als die semantischen Benennhilfen. Somit waren die Soforteffekte der Hilfetypen in den Therapiesitzungen kein sicherer Indikator für die Dauer der Gesamteffekte einer Therapiephase. Außerdem zeigte sich nicht bei allen Patienten ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen der Art ihrer zugrundeliegenden funktionalen Störung und den erzielten Therapieeffekten. Einerseits profitierten Patienten mit erhaltenen semantischen Verarbeitungsleistungen von der semantischen Therapie, andererseits zeigten sich signifikante phonologische Therapieeffekte bei Patienten mit zentral-semantischen Störungen. Die Wirkmechanismen der beiden Therapieansätze werden unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher kognitiv-neurolinguistischer Theorien zum mündlichen Wortabrufprozess beim Bildbenennen interpretiert.",
"This study compared semantic and phonological treatments of word retrieval in ten aphasic patients using a multiple single case paradigm. The patients' single word processing was investigated before therapy, so that specific treatment effects could be interpreted with regard to underlying functional deficit(s) in each patient. In both treatments, the main task was spoken picture naming with different types of cues. In the semantic treatment, different aspects of the semantic target concept were used as a cue in picture naming, in the phonological treatment, different types of word-form specific information were provided as a cue. Treatment effects were assessed in terms of both short- and long-lasting effects on spoken picture naming accuracy in each patient. Both quantitative (proportion of correct responses) and qualitative (error types) improvements were evaluated. Furthermore, generalisation to untreated pictures (control items) and related tasks and transfer effects into spontaneous speech were examined. In addition, the immediate effects of the different types of prompts in the phonological and semantic treatment sessions were analysed. Regarding the stability of effects, different outcomes were found for semantic versus phonological treatments. The phonological treatment phase produced only short-lasting effects in most of the patients. In contrast, the semantic treatment phase produced more stable effects in some participants. With regard to the immediate effects of the different types of cues in the treatment sessions, it turned out that the phonological cues produced stronger effects than the semantic cues in most of the participants. Nevertheless, the effects of the semantic treatment phase were more stable than the phonological treatment effects. Specific effects of the phonological and the semantic treatment were not directly linked to the underlying functional disorder in each patient. Patients with preserved and with impaired semantic processing of concrete nouns could profit from both methods. The underlying mechanisms of effectiveness of the two treatment methods are interpreted in the framework of different cognitive-neuropsychological theories of spoken picture naming."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133101037",
"bllo:bll-133111547",
"bllo:bll-340657677"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Concept",
"Konzept"
],
[
"Control",
"Kontrollbeziehung"
],
[
"Error",
"Irrtum"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
1968 | Vorbehalte gegenüber der Leidenschaft | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Enthaltener Parallelsachtitel des Werkes: Réserves sur la Passion; Marguerite Duras et la métaphorisation du monde. Enthält zusätzlich den Beitrag: Diskussion im Anschluss an den Eröffnungsvortrag am 20. April 2005 im Filmmuseum Potsdam, sowie dessen Parallelsachtitel: Discussion consécutive à la conférence inaugurale du 20 avril 2005, au « Filmmuseum Potsdam » (Musée du cinéma de Potsdam)"
] | ddc:440 | [
"Institut für Romanistik"
] | [
"bllo:Monde"
] | [
[
"Monde",
"Monde"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133091767",
"bll-133075125",
"bll-133107264",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tupi",
"Tupi"
],
[
"Indigenous languages of South America",
"Indigene Sprachen Südamerikas"
],
[
"Native American languages",
"Indigene amerikanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
2029 | Phonology and intonation | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The encoding standards for phonology and intonation are designed to facilitate consistent annotation of the phonological and intonational aspects of information structure, in languages across a range of prosodic types. The guidelines are designed with the aim that a nonspecialist in phonology can both implement and interpret the resulting annotation."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Annotation"
] | [
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Annotation",
"Annotation"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"OperationOrMethode",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
2032 | Introduction [ISIS (2007) 07: Information structure in Cross-Linguistic Corpora] | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The annotation guidelines introduced in this chapter present an attempt to create a unique infrastructure for the encoding of data from very different languages. The ultimate target of these annotations is to allow for data retrieval for the study of information structure, and since information structure interacts with all levels of grammar, the present guidelines cover all levels of grammar too. After introducing the guidelines, the current chapter also presents an evaluation by means of measurements of the inter-annotator agreement."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Annotation"
] | [
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Annotation",
"Annotation"
]
] | [
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"OperationOrMethode",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
2033 | Morphology | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The guidelines for morphological annotation contain the layers that are necessary for understanding the structure of the words in the object language: morphological segmentation, glossing, and annotation of part-of-speech."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Segmentation",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:Annotation"
] | [
[
"Segmentation",
"Segmentierung"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"Annotation",
"Annotation"
]
] | [
[
"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"OperationOrMethode",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
2034 | Syntax | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The guidelines for syntactic annotation contain the layers that are especially relevant for queries related to the interaction of information structure with syntax. The layers of this level are constituent structure, grammatical functions, and semantic roles."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:SyntacticAnnotation",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:Annotation"
] | [
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic annotation",
"Syntaktische Annotation"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Annotation",
"Annotation"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"AnnotationTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"OperationOrMethode",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
2035 | Semantics | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The guidelines for semantics comprise a number of layers related to quantificational structures as well as some crucial semantic properties of NPs with respect to information structure: definiteness, countability, and animacy."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133126064"
] | [
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
""
] |
2036 | Information structure | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The guidelines for Information Structure include instructions for the annotation of Information Status (or ‘givenness’), Topic, and Focus, building upon a basic syntactic annotation of nominal phrases and sentences. A procedure for the annotation of these features is proposed."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:SyntacticAnnotation",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:Annotation"
] | [
[
"Syntactic annotation",
"Syntaktische Annotation"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Annotation",
"Annotation"
]
] | [
[
"AnnotationTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"OperationOrMethode",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
2122 | EVEN, ALSO and ONLY in Vietnamese | deu | doc-type:book | [
"The article analyzes the system of focus-sensitive particles and, to a lesser extent, clefts in Vietnamese. EVEN/ALSO/ONLY foci are discussed across syntactic categories, and Vietnamese is found to organize its system of focus-sensitive particles along three dimensions of classification: (i) EVEN vs. ALSO vs. ONLY; (ii) particles c-commanding foci vs. particles c-commanding backgrounds; (iii) adverbial focus-sensitive particles vs. particles c-commanding argument foci only. Towards the end of the paper, free-choice constructions and additional sentence-final particles conveying ONLY and ALSO semantics are briefly discussed. The peculiar Vietnamese system reflects core properties of the analogous empirical domain in Chinese, a known source of borrowings into Vietnamese over the millennia."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:bll-133127702",
"bllo:bll-133101517",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:Even",
"bllo:bll-133085325"
] | [
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Vietnamese",
"Vietnamesisch"
],
[
"Particles",
"Partikelwörterbuch"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinesisch"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133115739",
"bll-133095495",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"DictionaryTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133122719",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Mon-Khmer",
"Mon-Khmer"
],
[
"Austroasiatic languages",
"Austroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Sino-Tibetan languages",
"Sinotibetische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
219 | Adverbstellung : ein optimalitätstheoretischer Ansatz | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Adverb positioning is guided by syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic considerations and is subject to cross-linguistic as well as language-specific variation. The goal of the thesis is to identify the factors that determine adverb placement in general (Part I) as well as in constructions in which the adverb's sister constituent is deprived of its phonetic material by movement or ellipsis (gap constructions, Part II) and to provide an Optimality Theoretic approach to the contrasts in the effects of these factors on the distribution of adverbs in English, French, and German. In Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993), grammaticality is defined as optimal satisfaction of a hierarchy of violable constraints: for a given input, a set of output candidates are produced out of which that candidate is selected as grammatical output which optimally satisfies the constraint hierarchy. Since grammaticality crucially relies on the hierarchic relations of the constraints, cross-linguistic variation can be traced back to differences in the language-specific constraint rankings. Part I shows how diverse phenomena of adverb placement can be captured by corresponding constraints and their relative rankings: - contrasts in the linearization of adverbs and verbs/auxiliaries in English and French - verb placement in German and the filling of the prefield position - placement of focus-sensitive adverbs - fronting of topical arguments and adverbs Part II extends the analysis to a particular phenomenon of adverb positioning: the avoidance of adverb attachment to a phonetically empty constituent (gap). English and French are similar in that the acceptability of pre-gap adverb placement depends on the type of adverb, its scope, and the syntactic construction (English: wh-movement vs. topicalization / VP Fronting / VP Ellipsis, inverted vs. non-inverted clauses; French: CLLD vs. Cleft, simple vs. periphrastic tense). Yet, the two languages differ in which strategies a specific type of adverb may pursue to escape placement in front of a certain type of gap. In contrast to English and French, placement of an adverb in front of a gap never gives rise to ungrammaticality in German. Rather, word ordering has to obey the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic principles discussed in Part I; whether or not it results in adverb attachment to a phonetically empty constituent seems to be irrelevant: though constraints are active in every language, the emergence of a visible effect of their requirements in a given language depends on their relative ranking. The complex interaction of the diverse factors as well as their divergent effects on adverb placement in the various languages are accounted for by the universal constraints and their language-specific hierarchic relations in the OT framework.",
"Die Positionierung von Adverbien wird von syntaktischen, semantischen und pragmatischen Erwägungen geleitet; sie unterliegt der zwischen-sprachlichen als auch der einzel-sprachlichen Variation. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, diejenigen Faktoren zu identifizieren, die ausschlaggebend sind für die Platzierung von Adverbien im allgemeinen (Teil I) sowie in speziellen Konstruktionen, in denen die Schwesterkonstituente eines Adverbs aufgrund von Bewegung oder Ellipse kein phonetisches Material enthält (Gap-Konstruktionen, Teil II). Des weiteren sollen die unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen dieser Faktoren in den distributionalen Mustern des Englischen, Französischen und Deutschen in einem optimalitätstheoretischen Rahmen erklärt werden. In der Optimalitätstheorie (Prince & Smolensky 1993) ist Grammatikalität als optimale Erfüllung einer Hierarchie von verletzbaren Constraints definiert: Für einen gegebenen Input wird eine Menge von Outputkandidaten bereitgestellt, aus der derjenige Kandidat als grammatischer Output gewählt wird, der die Constrainthierarchie am besten erfüllt. Da die hierarchischen Relationen der Constraints für die Ermittlung des grammatischen Outputs entscheidend sind, kann zwischen-sprachliche Variation auf Diskrepanzen in den einzel-sprachlichen Constrainthierarchien zurückgeführt werden. Der erste Teil der Arbeit zeigt, wie diverse Phänomene der Adverbstellung mit entsprechenden Constraints und ihren Anordnungen erfasst werden können: - Kontraste in der Linearisierung von Adverbien und Verben/Auxiliaren im Englischen und Französischen - Verbplatzierung im Deutschen und Vorfeldbesetzung - Platzierung von fokus-sensitiven Adverbien - Voranstellung von topikalen Argumenten und Adverbien Der zweite Teil der Arbeit spezialisiert sich auf ein bestimmtes Phänomen der Adverbpositionierung: das Meiden der Adverb-Adjunktion an eine phonetisch leere Konstituente (Gap). Englisch und Französisch ähneln sich insofern, als die Akzeptabilität der Adverbpositionierung vor einem Gap beeinflusst wird vom Typ des Adverbs, seinem Skopus und der syntaktischen Konstruktion (Englisch: wh-Bewegung vs. Topikalisierung / VP Voranstellung / VP Ellipse, invertierte vs. nicht-invertierte Sätze; Französisch: CLLD vs. Cleft, einfache vs. periphrastische Tempusformen). Die beiden Sprachen unterscheiden sich jedoch darin, ob - und falls ja - welche Strategie ein bestimmter Typ von Adverb verfolgen kann, um der Stellung vor einem speziellen Gap zu entkommen. Im Gegensatz zum Englischen und Französischen führt die Stellung eines Adverbs vor einem Gap im Deutschen nie zu Ungrammatikalität. Vielmehr hat die Adverbpositionierung den in Teil I diskutierten syntaktischen, semantischen und pragmatischen Prinzipien zu gehorchen; ob dies in der Adjunktion eines Adverbs an eine phonetisch leere Konstituente resultiert, scheint dabei irrelevant: Obwohl Constraints in jeder Sprache aktiv sind, hängt es von ihrer relativen Anordnung zueinander ab, ob sie einen sichtbaren Effekt in einer gegebenen Sprache hinterlassen. Die komplexe Interaktion der diversen Faktoren sowie deren divergierende Ausprägung auf die Adverbplatzierung in den unterschiedlichen Sprachen können in der Optimalitätstheorie auf die universalen Constraints und deren einzel-sprachliche Anordnung zurückgeführt werden."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Adverb",
"Syntax",
"Lesart",
"Variation",
"Informationsstruktur",
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:Linearization",
"bllo:bll-133127125",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:Adverb",
"bllo:Constraint",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:SyntacticConstruction",
"bllo:bll-133116018",
"bllo:bll-133073955",
"bllo:bll-133073955",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133074323",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Universal",
"bllo:bll-133126072",
"bllo:Tense",
"bllo:Adjunction",
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:bll-133121895",
"bllo:bll-133128474",
"bllo:Distribution",
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:bll-133070557",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:bll-133126072",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:Linearization",
"bllo:bll-133070557"
] | [
[
"Linearization",
"Linearisierung"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Adverb",
"Adverb"
],
[
"Constraint",
"Constraint"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Syntactic construction",
"Syntaktische Konstruktion"
],
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Ellipsis",
"Ellipse"
],
[
"Ellipsis",
"Ellipse"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Active voice",
"Aktiv"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Universal",
"Universalie"
],
[
"Topicalization",
"Topikalisierung"
],
[
"Tense",
"Gespannt"
],
[
"Adjunction",
"Adjunktion"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Scope",
"Scopus"
],
[
"Wh-movement",
"Wh-movement"
],
[
"Distribution",
"Distribution"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Topicalization",
"Topikalisierung"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Linearization",
"Linearisierung"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"NullElement",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"NullElement",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"VoiceFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073149",
"bll-133073122",
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"bll-133126080",
"WordOrderPhenomenon",
"SyntacticConstruction",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"TensenessFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticConstruction",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
],
[
"bll-133116018",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073149",
"bll-133073122",
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"bll-133126080",
"WordOrderPhenomenon",
"SyntacticConstruction",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Null element",
"Null-Element"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Null element",
"Null-Element"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Voice feature",
"Genus verbi"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Sentence intonation",
"Satzintonation"
],
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Topicalization",
"Topikalisierung"
],
[
"Word order phenomenon",
"Wortstellungsphänomen"
],
[
"Syntactic construction",
"Syntaktische Konstruktion"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tenseness feature",
"Spannung"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic construction",
"Syntaktische Konstruktion"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Sentence intonation",
"Satzintonation"
],
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Topicalization",
"Topikalisierung"
],
[
"Word order phenomenon",
"Wortstellungsphänomen"
],
[
"Syntactic construction",
"Syntaktische Konstruktion"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
2260 | Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Prosody, Syntax, and Information Structure (WPSI 2) | eng | doc-type:book | [
"This volume contains the proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Prosody, Syntax, and Information Structure (WPSI2), held at University of Potsdam on March 18, 2005. WPSI 2 was aimed to discuss issues on the interaction of prosody, syntax, and information structure, from interdisciplinary points of view. The contributors (Haruo Kubozono, Shinichiro Ishihara, Yoshihisa Kitagawa, and Satoshi Tomioka) have been recently working on relevant issues, especially looking at the phenomena related to the intonation of focus and (wh-)questions in Japanese."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:bll-133109070",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-13307384X"
] | [
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Japanese",
"Japanisch"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"Japanisch-Ryukyu"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
2261 | Focus and intonation in Japanese | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper discusses how focus changes prosodic structure in Tokyo Japanese. It is generally believed that focus blocks the intonational process of downstep and causes a pitch reset. This paper presents experimental evidence against this traditional view by looking at the prosodic behavior of Wh words, which receive focus lexically in Japanese as in other languages. It is demonstrated, specifically, that the focused Wh element does not block downstep although it receives a much higher pitch than its preceding element. This suggests that presence of lexical focus does not trigger pitch reset in Japanese."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern",
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133109070",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Japanese",
"Japanisch"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"Japanisch-Ryukyu"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
2262 | When we fail to question in Japanese | eng | doc-type:article | [
"When we pay close attention to the prosody of Wh-questions in Japanese, we discover many novel and interesting empirical puzzles that would require us to devise a much finer syntactic component of grammar. This paper addresses the issues that pose some problems to such an elaborated grammar, and offers solutions, making an appeal to the information structure and sentence processing involved in the interpretation of interrogative and focus constructions."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern",
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133109070",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Japanese",
"Japanisch"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"Japanisch-Ryukyu"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
2263 | Intonation of sentences with an NPI | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper presents the results of a production experiment on the intonation of sentences containing a negative polarity item (NPI) in Tokyo Japanese. The results show that NPI sentences exhibit a focus intonation: the F₀-peak of the word to which an NPI is attached is raised, while the pitch contour after the NPI-attached word is compressed until the negation. This intonation pattern is parallel to that of wh-question, in which the F₀ of the wh-phrase is raised while the post-wh-contour is compressed until the question particle."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:bll-133109070",
"bllo:Negation",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133128482",
"bllo:bll-133117987"
] | [
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Japanese",
"Japanisch"
],
[
"Negation",
"Negation"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Wh-question",
"Ergänzungsfrage"
],
[
"Particle",
"Partikel"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074005",
"bll-13307398X",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"Japanisch-Ryukyu"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Interrogative sentence",
"Fragesatz"
],
[
"Sentence types",
"Satzarten"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
2264 | Intervention effects in focus | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The most recent trend in the studies of LF intervention effects makes crucial reference to focusing effects on the interveners, and this paper critically examines the representative analyses of the focus-based approach. While each analysis has its own merits and shortcomings, I argue that a pragmatic analysis that does not make appeal to syntactic configurations is better equipped to deal with many of the complex and delicate facts surrounding intervention effects."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern",
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133120139"
] | [
[
"Reference",
"Referenz"
]
] | [
[
"SemanticRelation",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Semantic relation",
"Semantische Relation"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SemanticPhenomenon"
] |
2451 | Treating tracheotomized patients with severe dysphagia : an explorative evaluation of a multidisciplinary treatment protocol | deu | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"In der neurologischen Rehabilitation werden in zunehmendem Maße tracheotomierte Patienten mit schweren Dysphagien behandelt. Daher sollte den hierzu bisher entwickelten Interventionsverfahren eine evidenzbasierte Grundlage gegeben werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein multidisziplinärer Behandlungsansatz zur Trachealkanülenentwöhung und Dekanülierung vorgestellt, der auf der Grundlage der relevanten Forschungsliteratur und klinischen Beobachtungen entwickelt wurde. Des Weiteren wird erstmals eine systematische Evaluation eines multidisziplinären Trachealkanülenmangements vorgenommen und es werden explorative Daten zum Rehabilitationsverlauf dargestellt. In einem retrospektiven Vergleich wurden hierzu die Dekanülierungs- und Komplikationsraten sowie die Dauer der Trachealkanülenentwöhnung zweier Patientengruppen gegenübergestellt, die vor bzw. nach Einführung des beschriebenen multidisziplinären Trachealkanülenmanagements im REHAB Basel, Schweiz, behandelt wurden. Der rehabilitative Verlauf der multidisziplinär behandelten Gruppe wurde mittels der Messinstrumente FIM (Functional Independence Measure) und EFA (Early Functional Abilities) untersucht. Der Vergleich der Dekanülierungs- und Komplikationsraten ergab eine vergleichbare Effektivität der beiden Behandlungsansätze. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich eine signifikante Verkürzung der Kanülenentwöhnungsphase bei Anwendung des multidisziplinären Vorgehens, so dass dieses als effizenter zu beurteilen ist. Die Verlaufsanalyse der multidisziplinär behandelten Patienten ergab erst nach der Dekanülierung einen signifikanten Zuwachs der funktionellen Selbständigkeit in Alltagsaktivitäten. Bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten konnte ein vollständiger oraler Kostaufbau nach der Dekanülierung erreicht werden.",
"In neurological rehabilitation there is a growing need for information about treatment of tracheotomized dysphagic individuals and treatment methods have to be evaluated objectively. This dissertation presents a multidisciplinary approach for the treatment of tracheotomized dysphagic patients that was developed based on research findings and clinical experiences. Furthermore it presents a first approach to a systematic evaluation of a multidisciplinary treatment protocol and explorative data about the rehabilitative progress in this patient group. In a retrospective analysis mean cannulation times and the success rate of decannulation from patients were compared before and after introduction of the multidisciplinary procedure in a rehabilitation centre, REHAB Basel, Switzerland. Furthermore, the rehabilitation progress was analyzed by means of the assessment tools ‘Functional Independence Measure (FIM)’ and ‘Early Functional Abilities (EFA)’. Decannulation rates and success of decannulation were comparable in both groups of patients. With regard to mean cannulation times, however, a significant reduction was found in the group who underwent multidisciplinary treatment. This indicates a higher efficiency of the multidisciplinary approach, whereas, with regard to effectiveness, the two approaches seem to be comparable. After decannulation the patients of the multidisciplinary group showed clear functional improvements in performing activities of daily living. Most of these patients were able to return to full oral nutrition after decannulation. The multidisciplinary approach was found to be more efficient than the former intradisciplinary protocol as it led to a safe but faster decannulation of tracheotomized dysphagic patients. The explorative data concerning rehabilitation progress in these patients supports the importance of the development of evidence-based treatment protocols that lead to a fast and safe decannulation. This can be considered the basis for further significant improvement of the functional independence of the tracheotomized dysphagic patient."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Department Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098915",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133098893"
] | [
[
"Tools",
"Werkzeuge"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Mossi",
"More"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
2519 | Applications of diamonded double negation | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Nested complementation plays an important role in expressing counter- i.e. star-free and first-order definable languages and their hierarchies. In addition, methods that compile phonological rules into finite-state networks use double-nested complementation or “double negation”. This paper reviews how the double-nested complementation extends to a relatively new operation, generalized restriction (GR), coined by the author (Yli-Jyrä and Koskenniemi 2004). This operation encapsulates a double-nested complementation and elimination of a concatenation marker, diamond, whose finite occurrences align concatenations in the arguments of the operation. The paper demonstrates that the GR operation has an interesting potential in expressing regular languages, various kinds of grammars, bimorphisms and relations. This motivates a further study of optimized implementation of the operator."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:Negation",
"bllo:bll-133091171"
] | [
[
"Negation",
"Negation"
],
[
"Double negation",
"Doppelte Verneinung"
]
] | [
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticDoubling",
"SyntacticConstruction",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic doubling",
"Syntaktische Verdopplung"
],
[
"Syntactic construction",
"Syntaktische Konstruktion"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
2520 | Asymmetric term alignment with selective contiguity constraints by multi-tape automata | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"This article describes a HMM-based word-alignment method that can selectively enforce a contiguity constraint. This method has a direct application in the extraction of a bilingual terminological lexicon from a parallel corpus, but can also be used as a preliminary step for the extraction of phrase pairs in a Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation system. Contiguous source words composing terms are aligned to contiguous target language words. The HMM is transformed into a Weighted Finite State Transducer (WFST) and contiguity constraints are enforced by specific multi-tape WFSTs. The proposed method is especially suited when basic linguistic resources (morphological analyzer, part-of-speech taggers and term extractors) are available for the source language only."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:Bilingual",
"bllo:ParallelCorpus",
"bllo:Phrase",
"bllo:bll-275010589",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:bll-133084698",
"bllo:Constraint",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:bll-133113639"
] | [
[
"Bilingual",
"Zweisprachig"
],
[
"Parallel corpus",
"Paralleles Korpus"
],
[
"Phrase",
"Phrase"
],
[
"Translation",
"Übersetzen"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"State",
"Zustandsbezeichnung"
],
[
"Constraint",
"Constraint"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
]
] | [
[
"LingualityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"CorpusTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
2521 | Finite-state compilation of feature structures for two-level morphology | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"This paper describes a two-level formalism where feature structures are used in contextual rules. Whereas usual two-level grammars describe rational sets over symbol pairs, this new formalism uses tree structured regular expressions. They allow an explicit and precise definition of the scope of feature structures. A given surface form may be described using several feature structures. Feature unification is expressed in contextual rules using variables, like in a unification grammar. Grammars are compiled in finite state multi-tape transducers."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Extern"
] | [
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133121895",
"bllo:bll-133084698",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-315461179"
] | [
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Scope",
"Scopus"
],
[
"State",
"Zustandsbezeichnung"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Symbol",
"Symbol"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"GraphemicPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Graphemic phenomenon",
"Graphemisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"GraphemicPhenomenon"
] |
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