doc_id stringlengths 1 5 | doc_title stringlengths 2 371 | doc_lang stringclasses 15 values | doc_type stringclasses 19 values | doc_desc_list listlengths 1 4 | ddc stringclasses 71 values | doc_subject_list listlengths 0 52 | bll_match_id listlengths 0 57 | bll_match_literals listlengths 0 57 | bll_superclasses listlengths 0 52 | bll_superclass_literals listlengths 0 52 | bll_top_node listlengths 0 57 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14131 | Stadtberndeutsch - Sprachschichten einst und jetzt | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Die Mundart, die in der Stadt Bern gesprochen wird, ist eine ganz besondere, und viele Berner sind sich dessen auch schon seit langem bewusst. In der Stadt Bern wird nämlich nicht nur Berndeutsch gesprochen, sondern es gibt einige unterschiedliche Berner Mundarten: Patrizierberndeutsch, Burgerberndeutsch oder Stadtberndeutsch, Mattenberndeutsch sowie das Mattenenglische. Mit dieser Aufzählung, die Bernern keineswegs fremd ist, wird die Differenzierung unterschiedlicher sozialer Varietäten ausgedrückt. Stadtberndeutsch zeigt also schon lange verschiedene Sprachschichten, wie man sie in dieser Ausprägung in der Schweiz nur in wenigen Städten findet. Zu diesen genuinen Stadtberner Varianten kommt noch das Berndeutsche der Zuzüger hinzu, die sich zum Teil sprachlich assimiliert haben, die zum Teil einzelne Elemente und Eigenarten ihrer ursprünglichen Mundarten beibehalten oder sogar die Mundart ihrer früheren Heimat bewahrt haben."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Mundart"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133072878",
"bllo:bll-133102203"
] | [
[
"Allophone",
"Varianten"
],
[
"Man",
"Mann"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14132 | Strukturierung von Variation und Sprachwandel in einer dialektologischen Labilitätszone | deu | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Der Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz (SDS) hat mit vielen Karten deutlich gemacht, dass die Kleinstadt Aarau in der Labilitätszone der größeren Schweizer Dialektlandschaften des Berndeutschen und des Zürichdeutschen liegt. R. Hotzenköcherle (1984, 79) hat dies in seinem ersten umfassenden Überblick zum SDS deutlich gemacht: \"Die Sprachgeographie des Aargaus ist weitgehend – aber nicht ausschließlich – bestimmt durch seine Lage zwischen der nordwestbzw. westschweizerdeutschen und der nordost- bzw. ostschweizerdeutschen Sprachlandschaft: In der Spannung zwischen diesen beiden Schwerpunkten … erscheint das Gebiet dieses jungen schweizerischen Kantons als eine einzige breite Zone verschiedener abgesetzter West/Ost- Gegensätze, hin- und herwogender Einflussströmungen und hochgradiger Labilität.\" Diese Labilität lässt vermuten, dass sich sprachlich viel ändert, wenn sich das Gleichgewicht verschiebt. Seit 1798 hat sich viel geändert: Nachdem Aarau gut 350 Jahre unter Berner Herrschaft war, wurde es Hauptstadt des neu gegründeten Kantons Aargau und für fünf Monate sogar zur Hauptstadt der Helvetik, der neuen Republik von Napoleons Gnaden. Nach der Abhängigkeit von Bern folgte somit eine Epoche der Unabhängigkeit und Ausrichtung auf die neue Rolle als Kantonshauptstadt und Industriestandort. Hauptstadt des Kantons Aargau ist Aarau immer noch, und auch ein regionales Verwaltungs-, Handels- und Dienstleistungszentrum, es gerät aber langsam immer mehr in den Sog der Metropole Zürich. Mit dem Ausbau der Verkehrswege steigt Zürichs Einfluss kontinuierlich. 1990 pendeln 17 % aller Aarauer ArbeitnehmerInnen in Richtung Osten, während nur 7 % westlich von Aarau arbeiten. 58% arbeiten in Aarau selbst. Diese wirtschaftliche Neuorientierung lässt vermuten, dass sich der Aarauer Dialekt stärker dem Zürcher Dialekt annähert."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Sprachgeographie"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133089762",
"bllo:bll-133071308",
"bllo:TensenessFeature"
] | [
[
"War",
"Krieg"
],
[
"Linguistic geography",
"Sprachgeographie"
],
[
"Tenseness feature",
"Spannung"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
14133 | Variation und Einstellung in einer dialektologischen Labilitätszone | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Die Sprachsituation der deutschsprachigen Schweiz, wo die nicht kodifizierten Mundarten den weitaus größten Teil der Sprachrealität darstellen, bieten ein weites Feld für Sprachwandelforschung der gesprochenen Sprache, die nur beschränkt auf eine schriftlich fixierte und tradierte Norm beziehbar ist. Noch immer ist da der Kontakt mit anderen Dialekten eine der wichtigsten extralinguistischen Ursachen für Sprachwandel. Ich möchte einen Einblick geben in die Mundart von Aarau, die sich zwischen zwei größeren und starken Mundarträumen des Zürichdeutschen und Berndeutschen in einer Labilitätszone befindet. Der Wandel der Mundart in ihren verschiedensten sprachlichen Aspekten wird in Beziehung gesetzt zu den 'traditionellen' dialektologischen und soziolinguistischen Faktoren, aber auch zum Dialektkontakt und der Einstellung zu den Nachbardialekten. Ich möchte zeigen, dass Erklärungen für einen eindimensionalen Sprachwandel hinterfragt werden müssen, genau so wie Erklärungen, die von einer simplen positiven oder negativen Einschätzung einer Varietät ausgehen."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Sprachkontakt"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
14134 | Dialect change and attitudes | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Sociolinguistic research has shown that attitudes towards linguistic variants can distinguish different speech communities. The importance of attitudes for an explanation of linguistic change was examined and compared to traditional explanations by sociolinguistic and dialectologic variables. Therefore the dialect of Aarau was investigated, a small town situated between the two cities of Bern (80 km in the west) and Zürich (50 km in the east) in the German speaking part of Switzerland. Bern and Zürich both are centres of a larger dialect region, Aarau lies in the contact zone of these two dialects. Phonetic variables of the idiolect of 55 speakers were compared to historical data and related to their attitudes towards the neighbouring dialects. The findings so far show no significant correlation of attitudes and language change, but further research including morphology will refine the results. The inclusion of attitudes to explain linguistic change can complement the understanding of linguistic change, but it can not explain it."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Soziolinguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-133070158"
] | [
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14135 | Linguistic varieties in Berne - and what speakers say about | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Der Beitrag dokumentiert die linguistische Sonderposition, die Bern in der schweizerdeutschen Sprachlandschaft hinsichtlich der soziolinguistischen Varianz einnimmt. Dabei steht nicht die linguistische Analyse der Stadtberner Soziolekte und deren exakte Abgrenzung voneinander im Vordergrund, sondern die Einstellungen, die die Mundartsprecher den ihnen bekannten Varietäten gegenüber äußern. Das Bild, das sich aus den Tondokumenten ergibt, wird ergänzt durch Anekdoten aus dem Umfeld linguistischer Auseinandersetzung mit dem Berndeutschen. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass die soziolinguistische Trennung nicht mehr so stark ist, wie sie im letzten Jahrhundert beschrieben wurde. Markierte Varietäten der Ober- und der Unterschicht verlieren an Prestige und werden abgebaut.",
"This contribution documents the specific linguistic position of the city of Berne in German speaking Switzerland regarding the sociolinguistic variance. The center of attention is not the linguistic analysis of the different sociolects and their accurate demarcation from each other, but the attitudes, which the dialect speakers express towards the known sociolects. The picture, which results from tone documents, is supplemented by anecdotes emerging from the linguistic research on the Bernese Swiss German. Altogether it shows up that the sociolinguistic separation is no longer as strong, as it was described in the last century. Marked varieties of the upper and of the lower social classes lose prestige and are abandoned."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Soziolinguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070379",
"bllo:Image",
"bllo:bll-133070158"
] | [
[
"Swiss German",
"Schweizerdeutsch"
],
[
"Image",
"Bild"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133070344",
"bll-133070336",
"HighGerman",
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Alemannic",
"Alemannisch"
],
[
"Upper German dialects",
"Oberdeutsche Dialekte"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14152 | Sprachgeographische Aspekte der Morphologie und Verschriftung in schweizerdeutschen Chats | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Wer im Netz deutschsprachige Seiten besucht, erwartet nicht, dass er Mundart findet, sondern die Schriftsprache, Standardsprache. Schließlich ist das die überregionale Sprachform und sie stellt auch in der Schweiz die unmarkierte Variante dar. Doch in diesem Bereich finden sich eine ganze Menge Web-Seiten, deren Gestalter sich der Welt in Mundart kundtun, wie in Tabelle 1 dargestellt. Neben rund 12'100 Seiten aus der Schweiz,1 die sowohl gehabt als auch gewesen als Hinweis auf standard-deutsche Seiten aufweisen, finden sich auch rund 3400, die mit verschiedenen Kombinationen der Schreibvarianten von ghaa und gsy erscheinen. Sie können damit als Seiten in einer schweizerdeutschen Mundart verstanden werden. Der Anteil mundartlicher Seiten auf dem .ch-Domain kann also auf rund 22 % geschätzt werden.",
"The regional chat-rooms in Switzerland show an extremely high portion of dialectal contributions (up to 90%). This non-standardized spontaneous writing of a dialectal language still reflects the geolinguistic distribution described in the linguistic atlas of German speaking Switzerland SDS (1962-1997) based on recordings of the 1940s and 1950s. This paper shows some reflexes of this geolinguistic distribution in four chat-rooms. The graphemic representation of the ending vowel of infinitives clearly confirms the traditional structure. Deviating e-graphemes in chat-rooms of alpine regions can be rated as common Swiss German variants for centralized vowels. On the other hand ä-graphemes in chat-rooms of the Swiss midlands are to be rated as marking of the phonetic deviation from the standard German pronunciation. This variation is not only found in inherited words, but also in neologisms with an almost identical distribution. The SDS illustrates a distribution for the use of t-endings in the 2nd and 3rd singular of sein 'to be'. These t-flexives cannot be found anymore in midland chat-rooms. They appear only in alpine chat-rooms, and there they become morphologized in a new way. The dialectal writing of neologisms confirms the validity of the principles for the Standard German writing."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Soziolinguistik",
"Mundart"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133072959",
"bllo:bll-133070379",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Deviation",
"bllo:Distribution"
] | [
[
"Vowel",
"Vokal"
],
[
"Swiss German",
"Schweizerdeutsch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Deviation",
"Abweichung"
],
[
"Distribution",
"Distribution"
]
] | [
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070344",
"bll-133070336",
"HighGerman",
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Alemannic",
"Alemannisch"
],
[
"Upper German dialects",
"Oberdeutsche Dialekte"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14153 | Aspekte der Stadtsprachenforschung in der Schweiz | deu | doc-type:article | [
"In der Schweizer Dialektologie ist die Sprache der Städte nie in dem Maße aus dem Blick gedrängt worden, wie das innerhalb der deutschen Dialektologie geschehen ist, da die Mundarten in der Schweiz auch in den Städten als Umgangssprache erhalten geblieben sind. Zudem finden sich am Rand der wissenschaftlichen Forschung seit dem Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts eine Vielzahl von Publikationen, welche die städtische Variation, meist in Form von (dialektalen) Sondersprachen, thematisieren. Diese dialektologische Kontinuität zeigt sich bis in heutige Arbeiten zu Stadtsprachen in der Schweiz. Diese enthalten noch immer zu einem Großteil areallinguistische Bezüge, während der Bezug zur Standardsprache oft nur einen relativ kleinen Teil ausmacht. Im Folgenden sollen Aspekte aus Arbeiten mit stadtsprachlichen Bezügen und explizit stadtsprachliche Arbeiten aus verschiedenen Regionen der deutschsprachigen Schweiz präsentiert werden. Einzelne dieser Arbeiten stellen deutliche Meilensteine in der Forschungslandschaft dar, während andere eher exemplarisch für eine Forschungsrichtung genannt werden."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Soziolekt"
] | [
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133071294"
] | [
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Dialectology",
"Dialektologie"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14154 | Sprachsynthese als Methode für die Dialektologie | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Hier soll ein Blick auf eine wissenschaftliche Methode gegeben werden, deren Grundzüge erst erarbeitet werden müssen. Es geht darum, die Sprachsynthese nicht nur für ihren eigentlichen Zweck, Texte vorzulesen, zu verwenden, sondern auch als Instrument für die Dialektologie und generell für die Sprachwissenschaft. Nach einem Blick auf bestehende dialektologische Fragen und Methoden zeige ich Forschungslücken auf und biete Hinweise, wie die Synthese weiterführen kann. Dabei sollen Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt werden, ohne dass schon konkrete Ergebnisse vorliegen. Die erwähnten Tonbeispiele sind herunterzuladen von http://www.unil.ch/imm/docs/LAIP/wav.files/SiebMeth.zip."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Sprachsynthese"
] | [
"bllo:InstrumentRole",
"bllo:bll-133071294"
] | [
[
"Instrument role",
"Instrument"
],
[
"Dialectology",
"Dialektologie"
]
] | [
[
"SemanticRole",
"SemanticFeature",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Semantic role",
"Semantische Rolle"
],
[
"Semantic feature",
"Semantisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14155 | Comparing timing models of two Swiss German dialects | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Research on dialectal varieties was for a long time concentrated on phonetic aspects of language. While there was a lot of work done on segmental aspects, suprasegmentals remained unexploited until the last few years, despite the fact that prosody was remarked as a salient aspect of dialectal variants by linguists and by naive speakers. Actual research on dialectal prosody in the German speaking area often deals with discourse analytic methods, correlating intonations curves with communicative functions (P. Auer et al. 2000, P. Gilles & R. Schrambke 2000, R. Kehrein & S. Rabanus 2001). The project I present here has another focus. It looks at general prosodic aspects, abstracted from actual situations. These global structures are modelled and integrated in a speech synthesis system. Today, mostly intonation is being investigated. However, rhythm, the temporal organisation of speech, is not a core of actual research on prosody. But there is evidence that temporal organisation is one of the main structuring elements of speech (B. Zellner 1998, B. Zellner Keller 2002). Following this approach developed for speech synthesis, I will present the modelling of the timing of two Swiss German dialects (Bernese and Zurich dialect) that are considered quite different on the prosodic level. These models are part of the project on the \"development of basic knowledge for research on Swiss German prosody by means of speech synthesis modelling\" founded by the Swiss National Science Foundation."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Schweizerdeutsch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:bll-133073475",
"bllo:bll-133070379",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133077136"
] | [
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"Aspect",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Swiss German",
"Schweizerdeutsch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"AspectFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070344",
"bll-133070336",
"HighGerman",
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Aspect feature",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Alemannic",
"Alemannisch"
],
[
"Upper German dialects",
"Oberdeutsche Dialekte"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14158 | Dialektologie des Schweizerdeutschen : Vorwort des Herausgebers zu Linguistik online 20, 3/04 | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Dialektologie ist in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit der aktuellen Sprache der Mehrheit der SchweizerInnen, denn in der diglossischen Situation der deutschsprachigen Schweiz nimmt die Mundart die Stellung der Alltagssprache ein. Eine Schichtung von Substandardvarietäten zwischen der Hochsprache und den Dialekten, wie sie in Deutschland und in Österreich vorkommt, existiert in der Schweiz kaum. Eine Ausnahme stellt das Dusselns dar, der Subsidiärdialekt der Deutschwalliser (K. Schnidrig 1986), der offenbar auch in Bosco Gurin vorkommt (C. V. J. Russ in diesem Band). Die schweizerische Alltags- oder Umgangssprache deckt sich also weitestgehend mit dem Dialekt. Dieser stellt dabei aber nicht eine Museumsvarietät der NORMs (non-mobile, old, rural men) dar, sondern ist als lebendige Varietät aller sozialen Schichten in kleinen Weilern und in den großen Städten offen für Einflüsse aus Nachbar- und Kultursprachen. Dementsprechend gibt es auch eine situative und soziolinguistische Variation innerhalb der Mundart. Das wird besonders im offenen System des Wortschatzes deutlich, wo Anglizismen genauso Einzug in die Mundart halten wie in die deutsche Standardsprache: Die hard disk existiert im Schweizerdeutschen ebenso wie in der Standardsprache, und die entsprechende deutsche Lehnbildung Festplatte findet sich in mundartlicher Lautung Feschtplatte auch im Schweizerdeutschen. Dagegen sind Morphologie und Lautung relativ stabil. Sie ermöglichen, wie H. Christen (1998) gezeigt hat, immer noch eine genaue geographische Zuordnung der meisten SprecherInnen des Schweizerdeutschen."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Schweizerdeutsch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-133071294"
] | [
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Dialectology",
"Dialektologie"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14159 | Berner und Zürcher Prosodie : Ansätze zu einem Vergleich | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Hier werden vorläufige, zu ergänzende, vielleicht sogar zu widerrufende Ergebnisse präsentiert, die sich aus einem Nationalfonds-Projekt zur Erforschung der schweizerdeutschen Prosodie mittels sprachsynthetischer Modellierung ergeben."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Sprachtypologie",
"Schweizerdeutsch"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
14161 | Das sprachliche Normenverständnis in mundartlichen Chaträumen der Schweiz | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"Wer sich einmal in Deutschschweizer IRC-Chatkanälen herumgesehen hat, hat sofort bemerkt, dass neben der Standardsprache häufig Mundart verwendet wird. Eine Analyse der Varietätenverwendung bietet sich an. Es stellt sich die Frage: was bedeutet sprachliche Norm in einem Kommunikationsraum, in dem die Vorgabe, Deutsch zu schreiben, nur heißt nicht Französisch, Italienisch, Türkisch, Serbisch, Portugiesisch usw. zu schreiben, wo also die Standardsprache nur eine der akzeptierten Varietäten ist? Was bedeutet sprachliche Norm, wo Berndeutsch mit /l/-Vokalisierung neben Walliserdeutsch mit archaischen Volltonvokalen in Nebensilben vorkommt, wo für ein standardsprachliches [a:] ‹a, ah, aa, o, oh› oder ‹oo› stehen kann? Der Frage nach einer deskriptiven Norm wird hier nachgegangen, indem Möglichkeiten der Verschriftung einzelner Aspekte aufgezeigt werden und deren Nutzung in regionalen und überregionalen Chaträumen verglichen werden. Aus dem aktuellen Gebrauch wird dann versucht implizite Normen abzuleiten."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Sprachnorm",
"Chatten <Kommunikation>"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133125157",
"bllo:bll-133070670",
"bllo:bll-133082911",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133070867",
"bllo:bll-133070557"
] | [
[
"Turkish",
"Türkisch"
],
[
"Italian",
"Italienisch"
],
[
"Serbian",
"Serbisch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Portuguese",
"Portugiesisch"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
]
] | [
[
"OghuzTurkic",
"bll-133088499",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133122409",
"SouthSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oghuz Turkic",
"Oghusisch"
],
[
"Turkic",
"Turksprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbokroatisch"
],
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14162 | Die dialektale Verankerung regionaler Chats in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"In regionalen Schweizer Chaträumen stellt die Mundart mit Anteilen um 80% bis 90% die unmarkierte Varietät dar. Chats bieten somit einen Einblick in die individuell geprägte Verschriftung der Schweizer Dialekte, die sich einerseits regional verschieden präsentiert und andererseits fern von Vereinheitlichungstendenzen liegt. Durch diese Normierungsferne lässt sich aus den Chatdaten in groben Zügen eine Sprachgeographie nachzeichnen, wie sie im Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz SDS (1962–1997) festgehalten ist. Hier sollen Reflexe der sprachgeographischen Verteilung in der Verschriftung der flektierten Formen von «haben» nachgezeichnet werden. Neben der grundsätzlichen Bestätigung dieser Struktur zeigen sich in der Analyse auch systematisch Abweichungen, die unter Berücksichtigung der Verschriftungsbarriere Hinweise auf Sprachwandel geben können, die jedoch mit authentischen Daten gesprochener Sprache überprüft werden müssen."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Schweizerdeutsch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133071308"
] | [
[
"Linguistic geography",
"Sprachgeographie"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14165 | Die Modellierung zeitlicher Strukturen im Schweizerdeutschen | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"Die Prosodie der Mundarten wurde schon früh als auffälliges und distinktes Merkmal wahrgenommen und in mehreren Arbeiten zur Grammatik des Schweizerdeutschen mittels Musiknoten festgehalten (u. a. J. Vetsch 1910, E. Wipf 1910, K. Schmid 1915, W. Clauss 1927, A. Weber 1948), wobei schon A. Weber (1948, S. 53) anmerkt, \"dass sich der musikalische Gang der Rede nicht ohne Gewaltsamkeit mit der üblichen Notenschrift darstellen lässt\". Da also eine adäquate Kodierung, eine theoretische Grundlage und die notwendigen phonetischen Instrumente zur Intonationsforschung fehlten, wurden diese ersten Ansätze nicht aus- und weitergeführt. Erst in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts brachte die technische Entwicklung Instrumente zur Messung der Prosodie hervor, die nun durch die Popularisierung der entsprechenden Computerprogramme im Übergang zum 21. Jahrhundert für die linguistische Forschung intensiv und breit genutzt werden können."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Schweizerdeutsch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-366640542",
"bllo:Grammar"
] | [
[
"Nun",
"Nun"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
]
] | [
[
"bll-206064306",
"SouthernBantoid",
"bll-264764609",
"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Grassfields languages",
"Grassfields-Sprachen"
],
[
"Southern Bantoid",
"Süd-Bantoid"
],
[
"Bantoid languages",
"Bantoid-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
14166 | Gibt es eine jugendspezifische Varietätenwahl in Schweizer Chaträumen? | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"Der folgende Text betrachtet die Varietätenverwendung von Schweizer ChatterInnen und rückt dabei altersspezifische Fragen in den Vordergrund. Im Gegensatz zu vielen Versuchen, an die Sprache Jugendlicher heranzugehen, kommt hier ein quantitativer Ansatz zur Anwendung, der die Sprache der jugendlichen ChatterInnen mit der Sprache von ChatterInnen anderer Generationen vergleicht.",
"The present study assumes that the use of the dialect as written language in private communication is a recent phenomenon. According to the apparent-time construct, it is expected that younger generations write more dialect than older generations. This hypothesis is tested by means of a quantitative approach to the ratio of dialects to Standard German in Swiss on-line chat rooms. In every one of the eleven examined channels, which all can be considered as typical flirt channels with different age structures, both varieties are used side by side with a predominance of the dialects. The results reveal that younger chatters use more dialect than the chatters of the middle generation, however, the dialect portion rises again from the middle to the older generation. So the distribution does not point to a language change. In contrary, this is a typical pattern of age differentiation for sociolinguistic variables, that are not undergoing change. While the less prestigious variant, the dialect, is used more frequently by younger chatters, and also by older chatters, the prestige variant, Standard German, is used relatively more frequently by middle-aged chatters. At the same time it becomes clear that the use of the dialect as a written language in the on-line chat rooms is not a phenomenon of youth language."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Soziolinguistik",
"Chatten <Kommunikation>",
"Jugendsprache"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:Written",
"bllo:Text",
"bllo:Distribution",
"bllo:bll-13307904X"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Written language",
"Geschriebene Sprache"
],
[
"Text",
"Text"
],
[
"Distribution",
"Distribution"
],
[
"Communication",
"Kommunikation"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ModalityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14168 | Raumstrukturen im Alemannischen : 15. Arbeitstagung zur alemannischen Dialektologie auf Schloss Hofen, Lochau (Vorarlberg), 19. – 21.9.2005 | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"Die 15. Arbeitstagung zur alemannischen Dialektologie, zu der die Vorarlberger Landesregierung vom 18.–21.Septemer auf Schloss Hofen im vorarlbergischen Lochau bei Bregenz eingeladen hatte, hat wiederum einen Einblick in unterschiedliche aktuelle Forschungsaspekte der Dialektologie im Südwesten des deutschen Sprachgebiets geboten. Im dicht gedrängten Programm mit einer öffentlichen Präsentation des VALTS und des Tonarchivs der Mundarten Vorarlbergs von EUGEN GABRIEL und ARNO RUOF folgen sich an drei Tagen insgesamt 18 Vorträge, 10 Kurzvorträge, 14 Arbeitsberichte und ein dialektologischer Ausflug in den Bregenzer Wald. Im Folgenden werden die Vorträge in der präsentierten Reihenfolge referiert, während die zahlreichen Arbeitsberichte von Sprachatlanten, Wörter- und Namenbüchern sowie Tondokumentationsstellen nur pauschal erwähnt werden, welche einerseits einen Blick in die laufenden großen und größeren Projekte der alemannischen Dialektologie öffnen und andererseits die Finanzknappheit als übergreifendes Element der Dialektologie offenbaren."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Alemannisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-398943648",
"bllo:bll-133071294"
] | [
[
"Forest",
"Wald"
],
[
"Dialectology",
"Dialektologie"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14172 | Regionale Variation in deutschen, österreichischen und Schweizer Chaträumen | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"Wenn Deutsch geschrieben wird, wird im Allgemeinen die standardsprachliche Form gewählt. King: nei nei nöd eso Häx ..... verschtasch mi wieder falsch :-( *sniff (bluewin.ch, #flirt60plus, 1.10.2004) Elle: HeinEr: öhm jez versteh ich gar nix mehr (Antenne Bayern #flirten40, 16.9.2005) Big: Mu auch niemand verstehen (IRCnet, #mannheim,9.2.2003) Tezo: verstehe (IRCnet, #linux, 7.1.2003) In Büchern, Zeitungen, Zeitschriften und auch im Internet ist die deutsche Standardsprache Standard. Sie ist die für die Schriftlichkeit normierte Varietät, die überregional verständlich sein soll. Diese Standardsprache ist zwar überall ähnlich, aber nicht gleich. So zeigen sich Besonderheiten im Lexikon, in der Wortbildung und vereinzelt in der Grammatik, welche in einer Region üblich sind, in der anderen jedoch nicht, oder die da eine andere Bedeutung tragen. Diese Besonderheiten sind aber nicht an einem Ort einfach falsch, sondern sie stellen regionale Ausprägungen des Standards dar (vgl. dazu das Variantenwörterbuch; Ammon u. a. 2004). ..."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Chatten <Kommunikation>",
"Sprachnorm"
] | [
"bllo:bll-18533539X",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133113639",
"bllo:bll-133074846"
] | [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
],
[
"Word formation",
"Wortbildung"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
] |
14174 | Die Sprachen der Städte | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"Die frühen Sprachkarten, für die Georg Wenker Ende des 19. Jh. in über 40.000 Schulorten des deutschen Reiches schriftliche Übersetzungen in die Mundart gesammelt hatte, dokumentieren die Sonderstellung vieler Städte im sprachlichen Raum. Zum Beispiel zeigen Berlin und die nähere Umgebung sprachliche Formen, die sonst erst weiter südlich oder in der Schriftsprache gelten."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Stadtmundart",
"ddc:430"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133119890"
] | [
[
"Spatial terms",
"Raum"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14181 | Varietätenwahl und Code-Switching in Deutschschweizer Chatkanälen : quantitative und qualitative Analysen | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"In der deutschsprachigen Schweiz stehen sich gesprochene Mundarten und geschriebene Standardsprache gegenüber. Außer in formellen Situationen wird Mundart gesprochen, und bis vor kurzem wurde nur selten Mundart geschrieben, sondern die hochdeutsche Schriftsprache. Die Chat-Kommunikation zeigt einerseits durch die nicht-zeitversetzte quasi-direkte Kommunikation wesentliche Züge von Mündlichkeit, die zusammen mit der Informalität im Chat den Mundartgebrauch fördert. Andererseits ist das Medium immer noch die Schrift, welche die Domäne der Standardsprache darstellt. Mundart und Standardsprache stehen sich also in Chaträumen in direkter Konkurrenz gegenüber. Der folgende Beitrag analysiert quantitativ und qualitativ das Neben- und Miteinander der beiden Varietäten in Schweizer Chaträumen und untersucht das Vorkommen und die Bedingungen von Code-Alternation und Code-Switches."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Chatten <Kommunikation>"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307434X",
"bllo:WritingSystem",
"bllo:bll-13307904X"
] | [
[
"Middle voice",
"Medium"
],
[
"Writing system",
"Schrift"
],
[
"Communication",
"Kommunikation"
]
] | [
[
"VoiceFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Voice feature",
"Genus verbi"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14182 | Quantitative approaches to linguistic variation in IRC : implications for qualitative research | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Qualitative analysis of code choice, code switching, and language style in Internet Relay Chat (IRC) can shed light on functional-pragmatic aspects of the use of different linguistic varieties. However, in a qualitative analysis, the status of varieties within a channel or for a single chatter can only be guessed at. Moreover, qualitative research on linguistic variation in IRC often fails to generalize its findings due to a restricted database or a restricted view of a database. This article introduces an approach that allows for embedding of qualitative research within a quantitative research design. The quantitative method presented here enables general statements to be made about the use of varieties or the usage of certain chatters in a chat channel. The approach is exemplified with data from Swiss IRC channels, in which Swiss German dialects and standard German are used side by side. A large corpus is analyzed for static and dynamic aspects of dialect share. It is argued that this quantitative approach can provide a background for qualitative analysis and facilitate the selection process of relevant data required for qualitative analysis."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Chatten <Kommunikation>",
"ddc:430"
] | [
"bllo:bll-18533539X",
"bllo:bll-133080692",
"bllo:bll-133070379",
"bllo:bll-133092771",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:Corpus"
] | [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"Light",
"Licht"
],
[
"Swiss German",
"Schweizerdeutsch"
],
[
"Embedding",
"Embedding"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070344",
"bll-133070336",
"HighGerman",
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Alemannic",
"Alemannisch"
],
[
"Upper German dialects",
"Oberdeutsche Dialekte"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
14183 | Sprachwandel und Sprachgeographie : der Einfluss der Stadt Bern auf die Region | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"Bern, bis ins 18. Jh. Zentrum der regionalen Großmacht, heute mit nicht ganz 130.000 Einwohnern die viertgrößte Stadt der Schweiz und seit 1848 die Hauptstadt der Schweiz. Auf Grund dieser Ausgangslage würde man erwarten, dass Bern wie andere Städte eine sprachliche Strahlungskraft in die unmittelbare Umgebung aufweist. Entgegen der allgemeinen Vorstellung zeigt sich jedoch in den Karten des Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz (SDS) kaum eine der für die Umgebung von Städten typischen sprachgeographische Verbreitungsbilder. So finden sich viele Isoglossen in unmittelbarer Nähe der Stadt Bern: trichter-, keil- oder gar kreisförmige Bündelungen von Isoglossen, die auf eine sprachliche Wirkung der Stadt hindeuten würde, lassen sich kaum nachweisen."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Schweizerdeutsch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133102203"
] | [
[
"Man",
"Mann"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14184 | Code choice and code-switching in Swiss-German internet relay chat rooms | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In the German-speaking regions of Switzerland, dialect is spoken by all social groups in most communicative situations, Standard German being used only when prescribed. Swiss dialects rarely appeared in written form before the 1980s, apart from the genre of dialect literature. Due to the growing acceptance of informal writing styles in many European languages, dialect is increasingly employed for written personal communication, in particular in computer-mediated communication (CMC). In Swiss Internet Relay Chat (IRC) rooms, varieties of German are used side by side as all chatters have a command of both standard and dialectal varieties. Depending on the channel, the proportion of dialectal contributions can be as high as 90 percent. The choice of a particular variety depends on both individual preference and on the predominant variety used within a specific thread. In this paper I take a quantitative approach to language variation in IRC and demonstrate how such an approach can help embed qualitative research on code-switching in CMC."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Chatten <Kommunikation>"
] | [
"bllo:bll-18533539X",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-13307904X",
"bllo:bll-133070158"
] | [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Communication",
"Kommunikation"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14185 | (Un)markedness of trills : the case of Slavic r-palatalisation | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper evaluates trills [r] and their palatalized counterparts [rj] from the point of view of markedness. It is argued that [r]s are unmarked sounds in comparison to [rj]s which follows from the examination of the following parameters: (a) frequency of occurrence, (b) articulatory and aerodynamic characteristics, (c) perceptual features, (d) emergence in the process of language acquisition, (e) stability from a diachronic point of view, (f) phonotactic distribution, and (g) implications. Several markedness aspects of [r]s and [rj] are analyzed on the basis of Slavic languages which offer excellent material for the evaluation of trills. Their phonetic characteristics incorporated into phonetically grounded constraints are employed for a phonological OT-analysis of r-palatalization in two selected languages: Polish and Czech."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Slawische Sprachen",
"Palatalisierung"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-133122794",
"bllo:Markedness",
"bllo:bll-133118894",
"bllo:bll-133071235",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:Distribution",
"bllo:bll-133126447",
"bllo:bll-133104133",
"bllo:bll-133073564"
] | [
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Markedness",
"Markiertheit"
],
[
"Polish",
"Polnisch"
],
[
"Language acquisition",
"Spracherwerb"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Distribution",
"Distribution"
],
[
"Czech",
"Tschechisch"
],
[
"Frequency",
"Häufigkeitsbezeichnung"
],
[
"Comparison",
"Komparation"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
""
] |
14186 | On the avoidance of voiced sibilant affricates | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In this paper it is argued that several typologically unrelated languages share the tendency to avoid voiced sibilant affricates. This tendency is explained by appealing to the phonetic properties of the sounds, and in particular to their aerodynamic characteristics. On the basis of experimental evidence it is shown that conflicting air pressure requirements for maintaining voicing and frication are responsible for the avoidance of voiced affricates. In particular, the air pressure released from the stop phase of the affricate is too high to maintain voicing which in consequence leads to a devoicing of the frication part."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Zischlaut",
"Affrikata"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133122492",
"bllo:Voiced",
"bllo:bll-133127532",
"bllo:bll-13307613X"
] | [
[
"Sibilant",
"Sibilant"
],
[
"Voiced",
"Stimmhaft"
],
[
"Stop",
"Verschlusslaut"
],
[
"Affricate",
"Affrikata"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133117154",
"MannerFeature",
"ConsonantTypeFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"VoicingFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133117154",
"MannerFeature",
"ConsonantTypeFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133117154",
"MannerFeature",
"ConsonantTypeFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Obstruent",
"Obstruent"
],
[
"Manner feature",
"Artikulationsmodus"
],
[
"Consonant type feature",
"Konsonantenart"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Voicing feature",
"Stimmhaftigkeit"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Obstruent",
"Obstruent"
],
[
"Manner feature",
"Artikulationsmodus"
],
[
"Consonant type feature",
"Konsonantenart"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Obstruent",
"Obstruent"
],
[
"Manner feature",
"Artikulationsmodus"
],
[
"Consonant type feature",
"Konsonantenart"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
14187 | Phonetic and phonological aspects of Slavic sibilant fricatives | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In this article I reanalyze sibilant inventories of Slavic languages by taking into consideration acoustic, perceptive and phonological evidence. The main goal of this study is to show that perception is an important factor which determines the shape of sibilant inventories. The improvement of perceptual contrast essentially contributes to creating new sibilant inventories by (i) changing the place of articulation of the existing phonemes (ii) merging sibilants that are perceptually very close or (iii) deleting them. It has also been shown that the symbol š traditionally used in Slavic linguistics corresponds to two sounds in the IPA systemsystem: it stands for a postalveolar sibilant (ʃ) in some Slavic languages, as e.g. Bulgarian, Czech, Slovak, some Serbian and Croatian dialects, whereas in others like Polish, Russian, Lower Sorbian it functions as a retroflex (s). This discrepancy is motivated by the fact that ʃ is not optimal in terms of maintaining sufficient perceptual contrast to other sibilants such as s and ç. If ʃ occurs together with s and sj there is a considerable perceptual distance between them but if it occurs with ç in an inventory, the distance is much smaller. Therefore, the strategy most languages follow is the change from a postalveolar to a retroflex sibilant."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Zischlaut",
"Slawische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133122883",
"bllo:bll-133122964",
"bllo:bll-133122492",
"bllo:bll-31572529X",
"bllo:bll-133122794",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:bll-133082911",
"bllo:bll-133120694",
"bllo:bll-133118894",
"bllo:LowerSorbian",
"bllo:bll-133083039",
"bllo:bll-133126447",
"bllo:bll-315461179",
"bllo:bll-133121011",
"bllo:bll-133083667"
] | [
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Slovak",
"Slowakisch"
],
[
"Sorbian",
"Sorbisch"
],
[
"Sibilant",
"Sibilant"
],
[
"Perception",
"Wahrnehmung"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Serbian",
"Serbisch"
],
[
"Retroflex",
"Retroflex"
],
[
"Polish",
"Polnisch"
],
[
"Lower Sorbian",
"Niedersorbisch"
],
[
"Croatian",
"Kroatisch"
],
[
"Czech",
"Tschechisch"
],
[
"Symbol",
"Symbol"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russisch"
],
[
"Bulgarian",
"Bulgarisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133117154",
"MannerFeature",
"ConsonantTypeFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133122409",
"SouthSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133111784",
"PlaceFeature",
"ConsonantTypeFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133122964",
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133122409",
"SouthSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GraphemicPhenomenon"
],
[
"EastSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SouthSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Obstruent",
"Obstruent"
],
[
"Manner feature",
"Artikulationsmodus"
],
[
"Consonant type feature",
"Konsonantenart"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbokroatisch"
],
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Coronal",
"Koronal"
],
[
"Place feature",
"Artikulationsstelle"
],
[
"Consonant type feature",
"Konsonantenart"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Sorbian",
"Sorbisch"
],
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbokroatisch"
],
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Graphemic phenomenon",
"Graphemisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"East Slavic",
"Ostslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"GraphemicPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14188 | The evolution of sibilants in Polish and Russian | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In this paper we provide an account of the historical development of Polish and Russian sibilants. The arguments provided here are of theoretical interest because they show that (i) certain allophonic rules are driven by the need to keep contrasts perceptually distinct, (ii) (unconditioned) sound changes result from needs of perceptual distinctiveness, and (iii) perceptual distinctiveness can be extended to a dass of consonants, i.e. the sibilants. The analysis is cast within Dispersion Theory by providing phonetic and typological data supporting the perceptual distinctiveness claims we make."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Zischlaut",
"Slawische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133118894",
"bllo:bll-133121011"
] | [
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Polish",
"Polnisch"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russisch"
]
] | [
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"EastSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"East Slavic",
"Ostslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14195 | Fünf linguistische Schnittstellen | deu | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Eine Einführung in eine Reihe von linguistischen Phänomenen von Phonetik bis Pragmatik, einige theoretische Ansätze zur Beschreibung/für diese Phänomene, mit einem Blick auf Phänomene und Ansätze, die für kognitive Linguisten und Neurologen interessant sind. Der Begriff \"Schnittstelle\" ist in der Linguistik ein technischer Terminus, der beschreibt, wie verschiedene Typen von Phänomenen miteinander in einer Beziehung stehen, aber der Terminus soll auch beschreiben, wie linguistische und außerlinguistische Phänomene ineinandergreifen."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133072576",
"bllo:bll-133101010"
] | [
[
"Phonetics",
"Phonetik"
],
[
"Notion",
"Begriff"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14196 | Kasus-Synkretismus im Deutschen in typologischer Perspektive : Vortrag am Fachbereich Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Konstanz, 26. April 1999 | deu | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Unter “Kasussynkretismus” versteht man den Wegfall von morphologischen Unterscheidungen im Kasussystem einer Sprache. Hier will ich über den Synkretismus sprechen, der im Deutschen im Femininum stattgefunden hat. Im Gegensatz zum Maskulinum, aber ebenso wie im Neutrum, unterscheidet das Deutsche systematisch nicht zwischen der Nominativform und der Akkusativform."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Kasussynkretismus"
] | [
"bllo:bll-202330354",
"bllo:bll-133102203"
] | [
[
"Verbal behaviour",
"Sprechen"
],
[
"Man",
"Mann"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14199 | Fokus, Topik, syntaktische Struktur und semantische Interpretation | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Es ist aus mindestens zwei Gründen interessant, sich mit Phänomenen der Fokussierung und Topikalisierung zu beschäftigen: zum einen um der Fokussierung und Topikalisierung selbst willen, zum anderen aber auch, um aus den Beobachtungen hierzu Erkenntnisse für andere Bereiche der Grammatik zu gewinnen. In diesem Aufsatz geht es mir vor allem um dieses zweite Ziel."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Topikalisierung",
"Fokussierung"
] | [
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133126072"
] | [
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Topicalization",
"Topikalisierung"
]
] | [
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073149",
"bll-133073122",
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"bll-133126080",
"WordOrderPhenomenon",
"SyntacticConstruction",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Sentence intonation",
"Satzintonation"
],
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Topicalization",
"Topikalisierung"
],
[
"Word order phenomenon",
"Wortstellungsphänomen"
],
[
"Syntactic construction",
"Syntaktische Konstruktion"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
14201 | Nominal reference, temporal constitution and quantification in event semantics | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"It is by now a weIl-known topic in semantics that there are striking similarities between the meanings of nominal and verbal expressions, insofar as the mass:count distinction in the nominal domain is reflected in the atelic:telic distinction in the verbal domain (cf. Leisi 1953, Taylor 1977, Bach 1986, to cite just a few authors). However, these supposed similarities have not be made explicit in formal representations."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Semantik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307448X"
] | [
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14202 | Nominalreferenz, Zeitkonstitution, Aspekt, Aktionsart : eine semantische Erklärung ihrer Interaktion | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In der vorliegenden Arbeit berichte ich über den Erklärungsansatz, den ich im Rahmen einer modelltheoretischen Semantik zur Beschreibung dieses Phänomens entwickelt habe. Ich konzentriere mich hierbei auf die zugrundeliegende Motivation und die intuitive Charakterisierung dieser Theorie. Leser, die an den Einzelheiten der Durchführung und an weiteren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Theorie interessiert sind, seien auf Krifka (1987, 1989) verwiesen: ein forschungshistorischer Abriß zu alternativen Theorien findet sich in Krifka (1986)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Semantik"
] | [
"bllo:Motivation",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:bll-133072835"
] | [
[
"Motivation",
"Motiviertheit"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
]
] | [
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
""
] |
14208 | Semântica e pragmática: duas formas de descrever e explicar os fenomenos da significação | por | doc-type:article | [
"The boundaries between Semantics and Pragmatics still deserve to be investigated, since they remain unclear for many linguists, and since the word \"pragmatics\" has quite often been used among Brazilian linguists in an unscientific, rhetorical way, to enhance the importance of some approaches to meaning and interpretation. This paper claims that a theoretically sound boundary can be drawn between semantical and pragmatical approaches if we look at the way they deliver interpretations. Semantic interpretations are typically the result of some kind of calculus, whereas pragmatic interpretations are typically the result of some working out where no calculus intervenes, rather a highly specific solution is sought in order to integrate some unexpected fact into a coherent story. Thus defined, Semantics and Pragmatics can be referred to as deduction and abduction, respectively. In the light of the distinction just described, I revisit some of the phenomena that were pointed out in the last decades as best examples of the pragmatic functioning of natural language. I argue that presupposition, deixis and speech acts, highly predictable from lexicon and grammar, are semantical in nature; on dle contrary, implicature, since it depends on abductive thinking and it is not predictable from linguistic form, is described as a pragmatic phenomenon par excellence."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:bll-133080692",
"bllo:bll-133079031",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133113639",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133071049"
] | [
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Light",
"Licht"
],
[
"Thinking",
"Denken"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Brazilian",
"Brasilianisch"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
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"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133070867",
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Portuguese",
"Portugiesisch"
],
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14227 | Linguistics and ethnogenesis of the Slavs : the ancient Slavs as evidenced by etymology and onomastics | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The present paper is devoted to the old and always vexing problem of the linguistical ethnogenesis of the Slavs. The theme of the fate of the Indo-Europeans ancestors of the Slavic people is by its very nature broad and complex, too broad actually for a short essay. That is the reason why we have resigned ourselves to a detailed regular treatment, while presenting only some of the more interesting results and observations based mostly on new etymological studies of words and proper names. The major purpose is to combine linguistic and ethnic history and to proceed to its (fragmentary) reconstruction. Accordingly, our purpose is as simple as it can be for such a wide scope topic: to reconstruct the form, meaning and origin of the Old Slavic lexicon and to extract, if possible, more information about the history of the Slavic people from these linguistic data. The work of reconstructing the Common Slavic lexicon is being carried out in Moscow and Cracow, as far as the major new etymological dictionaries are concerned. A considerably larger number of scholars are concerned with these problems in Russia than in other countries. A reliable reconstruction of words and meanings is the key to any reconstruction of the culture. Why did the Slavs replace the IE name of the 'harrow' by a new word? How did the Ancient Slavs get a term for the process of 'paying'? What are we to think about the case of 'the Slavs and the sea'? How did a word for 'ship' appear among the Slavs? We now know how to answer these and many other questions (we shall revert later to the case of the sea), but the motivation of many other words remains as obscure as before. Others have fallen into oblivion and survive at best on the onomastic level - hence, our keen interest for onomastics and such new works as the Dictionary of Ukrainian waternames [2] that expand our knowledge of the Old Slavic common lexicon and provide new insights into onomastics proper, e.g. the Slavic toponymic 'superdialect,' the existence of genuine Slavic waternames (i.e. those without appellative stage, e.g. *morica and its continuations in different areas of Slavic hydronymy). It is not possible to determine the earliest area the Slavs occupied or, at least, their original homeland without studying etymology and onomastics. How can this question be solved? There are straightforward ways to do it (e.g. by marking off an area with many or only purely Slavic placenames and waternames), but there must also be subtler, more accurate ways. What happened to the lexicon and the onomastics of an ancient people at the time of migration? Did it name only what it saw and knew itself? Our studies show that \"a people's vocabulary transcends its actual experience\" [3, p. XLVII] ; thus, it preserves not only its own fossilized experience, but a foreign \"hearsay\" experience as well. The Slavic written tradition begins at a relatively late date - from the IXth century. But any Slavic word or name, although unwritten, can be a record, a memento reflected at some time in another language. Thus, the personal name of a king of the Antae - rex Boz. (in Jordanes [Vlth century] usually interpreted as Bozi 'God's), reflects an early Slavic vozi or vozi, Russian dial. voz (a calque of rex = voh), learned vozd?'chief, leader', already palatalized in the IVth century (the time of the described events and of the person named) - practically an up-to-date form!"
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:Motivation",
"bllo:bll-13307367X",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:PersonFeature",
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133126595",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:Reconstruction",
"bllo:Dictionary",
"bllo:bll-133073599",
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:bll-133121895",
"bllo:bll-341091448",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-13307370X",
"bllo:bll-133113639",
"bllo:bll-133121011"
] | [
[
"Motivation",
"Motiviertheit"
],
[
"Vocabulary",
"Wortschatz"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Person feature",
"Person"
],
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Ukrainian",
"Ukrainisch"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Reconstruction",
"Rekonstruktion"
],
[
"Dictionary",
"Wörterbuch"
],
[
"Etymology",
"Wortgeschichte"
],
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"Scope",
"Scopus"
],
[
"Culture",
"Kultur"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Onomastics",
"Onomastik"
],
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russisch"
]
] | [
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"AgreementFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"EastSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
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"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
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"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
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"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
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"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
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],
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"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
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"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"EastSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Agreement feature",
"Kongruenz"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"East Slavic",
"Ostslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"East Slavic",
"Ostslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14325 | Zum Status perlokutiver Akte in verschiedene sprachwissenschaftlichen Theorien | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"John L. Austins postum 1962 erschienene Vorlesungsreihe „How to do things with Words“ steht in der Wittgensteinschen Tradition der „Philosophie der normalen Sprache“ und gehört zu den meist zitierten sprachwissenschaftlichen Texten. Die von Austin verwendeten Termini wurden vielfach modifiziert in unterschiedliche Theorien eingebracht. Kritisch ist insbesondere die Verwendung des Terminus \"Perlokution\", weil sich die Theorien bezüglich der Integration des Hörers und seiner Leistung signifikant unterscheiden. Dies soll im Folgenden skizziert werden."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Austin, John L. / How to do things with words",
"Perlokutiver Akt",
"Lokutiver Akt",
"Illokutiver Akt",
"Bedeutung",
"Sprechakt"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
14326 | Berechnung und Darstellung der Streuung spezifischer sprachlicher Muster | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Die sprachlichen Beispiele [...] sind dem Korpus „Institutionelle Konfliktgespräche“ des Instituts für deutsche Sprache in Mannheim entnommen. Es sind vorgerichtliche Schlichtungen in Nachbarschaftsstreitigkeiten aus dem kurpfälzischen Raum. Die Gespräche liegen dort in einer Transkription vor, die nicht nur deshalb unzureichend ist, weil Nonstandardmuster weitgehend in Standard wiedergegeben werden. Wir haben zwei der Gespräche völlig neu transkribiert. Beide Gespräche werden von demselben Schlichter geführt. Sie sind je etwa 45 Minuten lang, im ersten Gespräch, gekennzeichnet als „Die Mopeds“, verwendet der Schlichter nach IPA-Transkription ca. 12.000 Laute, im zweiten, gekennzeichnet als „Alte Sau“, ca. 14.000. Im folgenden werden die ersten 2.000 Laut aus den Äußerungen des Schlichters analysiert. Zum Vergleich haben wir einen in einer traditionellen Dialekterhebung aufgenommenen, überwiegend monologischen Text analysiert: einen ebenfalls 2000 Laute umfassenden Ausschnitt aus der Aufname einer jungen Mutterstadter Sprecherin aus den 50er Jahren, ediert von Karch. Die Frage der Standarddefinition, des Vergleichsmaßstabes und der Wahl der Einheiten soll hier nicht diskutiert werden: Wir gehen aus von Lauten, wie sie sich mit den Zeichen des IPA darstellen lassen. Als Kodifikation des Standards wurde, um einen vorläufig praktikablen Maßstab zu haben, das Duden-Aussprachewörterbuch zu Grunde gelegt. Dort für ein Morphem nicht verzeichnete Laute wurden Unberücksichtigt blieb die Unterscheidung zwischen stimmhaften und nicht stimmhaften Konsonanten. Stotternde, verzögernde, lachende [..] etc. wurden bisher weder ausgeblendet, noch zu Nonstandard gerechnet. Einer vorgängigen Skalierung und Gewichtung sprachlicher Merkmale bedarf es nicht. Es genügt eine erste Dichotomisierung und alle weiteren Differenzierungen können im Anschluss daran durchgespielt werden."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Streitgespräch",
"Deutsch",
"Pfalz",
"Dialekt",
"Varianzanalyse",
"Sprechakt"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073378",
"bllo:bll-133119890",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:Text",
"bllo:bll-133073297"
] | [
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Spatial terms",
"Raum"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Text",
"Text"
],
[
"Transcription",
"Transkription"
]
] | [
[
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"WritingSystem",
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Writing system",
"Schrift"
],
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14327 | Grammatikalisierungen in verschiedenen Diskurstraditionen | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"Eine Reihe von nicht in Kodifikationen des Standards aufgenommenen sprachlichen Mustern wird im Blick auf ihre Karrieren in verschiedenen mündlichen und schriftlichen Texten in einer Flut von Veröffentlichungen thematisiert, meist in der Hoffnung hier grammatische Entwicklungen und die Basis für eine Orientierung der Grammatikschreibung an der Pragmatik zu entdecken. Im Folgenden soll Sprache nicht „konzeptuell schriftlich“ gedacht und „sozusagen literal idealisiert“ werden. Es soll argumentiert werden für eine einheitliche, mit Sprachgeschichte, ontogenetischem Spracherwerb und Variantenbildung verträgliche Erklärung nicht-standardisierter sprachlicher Muster im Rahmen einer Grammatikalisierungstheorie."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Deutsch",
"Grammatikalisation",
"Syntax",
"Morphologie",
"Historische Sprachwissenschaft",
"Spracherwerb"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133071235",
"bllo:bll-133071367"
] | [
[
"Language acquisition",
"Spracherwerb"
],
[
"History of language",
"Sprachgeschichte"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14328 | Syntaktische Minimalformen: Grammatikalisierungen in einer medialen Nische | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Elektronische Kommunikation in Chat-Räumen ist geprägt durch minimalisierte Syntax und Morphologie. Im Folgenden wird skizziert, dass hier zu findende Formen, einschließlich der Formen, die Bezüge zu dialektalen Mustern haben, im Rahmen einer Grammatikalisierungstheorie beschrieben werden können."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Syntax",
"Morphologie",
"Grammatikalisation",
"Chatten <Kommunikation>",
"Dialektologie",
"Deutsch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-13307904X",
"bllo:bll-133073351"
] | [
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Communication",
"Kommunikation"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14354 | Variantenwahl und Lernmotivation | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"Sprachwahl und Sprachwahrnehmung sind im Deutschen unabdingbar geprägt durch das Wissen von einer Standardsprache. Dieses Wissen basiert für die meisten Sprecher auf der Erfahrung, dass in der Schule manche sprachliche Formen als korrekt, andere als falsch bewertet werden, außerdem auf der Tatsache, dass es Fixierungen der Regeln des Standards in Lexika und Grammatiken gibt. Wissen und Anerkennung dieses Standards sind unabhängig davon, dass keine dieser Kodifikationen unumstritten ist, dass viele Sprecher die Regeln nicht genau kennen und dass als Vorbilder anerkannte Personen (Nachrichtensprecher, Journalisten bestimmter Zeitschriften, Lehrer, Literaten u.a.) keineswegs einheitliche Regeln verfolgen. Der Standard ist fest assoziiert mit der Erfahrung einer legitimen Regelhaftigkeit, also mit Ordnung. Verwendung von Nonstandard wird mit Bezug auf diese Ordnung und von ihr unterschieden wahrgenommen. Diese relationale Sicht der Dinge ist sowohl subjektiv als auch intersubjektiv."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Deutsch",
"Lernmotivation",
"Standardsprache"
] | [
"bllo:bll-197692737"
] | [
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14355 | Wortgeschichten: Driften im semantischen Raum | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"Die Driften der Wörter in öffentlichen Räumen sind vielfältig. Neue Wortentwicklungen belegen unterschiedliche Interessen, \"chillen\" und \"dissen\" andere als das in der konservativen Züricher Zeitung zuerst erschienene \"share-holder-value\". Im Folgenden soll eine sinnbezoge Verallgemeinerung unternommen werden, die die Handlungen der Akteure mit der strukturellen Ebene verbindet. Die Veränderungen in den Verwendungen sollen zu strukturellen sozialen und sprachlichen Rahmenbedingungen in Bezug gesetzt werden. Wie werden Neuerungen und Änderungen der Anwendungsbedingungen von Wörtern vor dem Hintergrund des Wissens um die traditionelle Standardsprache und deren soziale Funktion wahrgenommen? Welche Funktionen haben Neologismen in Abgrenzung zu diesem Standard?"
] | ddc:430 | [
"Deutsches Sprachgebiet",
"Neologismus",
"Standardsprache",
"Substandardsprache",
"Zeitung",
"Chatten <Kommunikation>"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
14356 | Sprachliche Innovationen als Ready-made : zur Soziologie und Semantik sprachlicher Varianten | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"Im vorliegenden Artikel geht es um sprachliche Elemente, die in einer Sprache bereits vorhanden sind, als Nonstandard gelten bzw. nicht in anerkannter verbindlicher Weise standardisiert sind und nun in verändertem Gebrauch differenzierend genutzt werden. Der neue Gebrauch hat ein oder mehrere initiale Ereignisse, die – systemorientiert formuliert – an einer oder mehreren Stellen eines Sprachraums auftreten und in einer evolutionären Drift häufiger werden oder verschwinden, bzw. – handlungsorientiert formuliert – von unterschiedlichen Sprechern übernommen, mit neuen Semantiken versehen werden oder unbeachtet bleiben."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Deutsch",
"Chatten <Kommunikation>",
"Ready-made",
"Soziolinguistik",
"Substandardsprache",
"Sprachwandel"
] | [
"bllo:bll-366640542",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:bll-217289088"
] | [
[
"Nun",
"Nun"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Initial",
"Initiale"
]
] | [
[
"bll-206064306",
"SouthernBantoid",
"bll-264764609",
"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Abbreviation",
"Residual",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Grassfields languages",
"Grassfields-Sprachen"
],
[
"Southern Bantoid",
"Süd-Bantoid"
],
[
"Bantoid languages",
"Bantoid-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Abbreviation",
"Abkürzung"
],
[
"Residual",
"Restkategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
14357 | Free relative constructions in OT syntax | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"This paper is part of a research project on OT Syntax and the typology of the free relative (FR) construction. It concentrates on the details of an OT analysis and some of its consequences for OT syntax. I will not present a general discussion of the phenomenon and the many controversial issues it is famous for in generative syntax."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Deutsch",
"Englisch",
"Satzanalyse",
"Syntax",
"Kontrastive Linguistik",
"Isländisch",
"Optimalitätstheorie",
"Kongress",
"Potsdam <2002>"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133097463"
] | [
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Free relative",
"Freier Relativsatz"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133074072",
"bll-133074056",
"FiniteClause",
"Clause",
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Relative clause",
"Relativsatz"
],
[
"Subordinate clause",
"Nebensatz"
],
[
"Finite clause",
"Finiter Teilsatz"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
14358 | Counting markedness : a corpus investigation on German free relative constructions | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper reports the results of a corpus investigation on case conflicts in German argument free relative constructions. We investigate how corpus frequencies reflect the relative markedness of free relative and correlative constructions, the relative markedness of different case conflict configurations, and the relative markedness of different conflict resolution strategies. Section 1 introduces the conception of markedness as used in Optimality Theory. Section 2 introduces the facts about German free relative clauses, and section 3 presents the results of the corpus study. By and large, markedness and frequency go hand in hand. However, configurations at the highest end of the markedness scale rarely show up in corpus data, and for the configuration at the lowest end we found an unexpected outcome: the more marked structure is preferred."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Deutsch",
"Optimalitätstheorie",
"Syntax",
"Satzanalyse",
"Relativsatz",
"Experiment",
"Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133097463",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Markedness",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:bll-133104133"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Free relative",
"Freier Relativsatz"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Markedness",
"Markiertheit"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Frequency",
"Häufigkeitsbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133074072",
"bll-133074056",
"FiniteClause",
"Clause",
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Relative clause",
"Relativsatz"
],
[
"Subordinate clause",
"Nebensatz"
],
[
"Finite clause",
"Finiter Teilsatz"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14359 | Dialectal variation in German 3-verb clusters : looking for the best analysis | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"German dialects vary in which of the possible orders of the verbs in a 3-verb cluster they allow. In a still ongoing empirical investigation that I am undertaking together with Tanja Schmid, University of Stuttgart (Schmid and Vogel (2004)) we already found that each of the six logically possible permutations of the 3-verb cluster in (1) can be found in German dialects."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Deutsch",
"Syntax",
"Dialektologie",
"Verb",
"Optimalitätstheorie",
"Wortstellung",
"Aufsatzsammlung"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070158"
] | [
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14360 | The resolution of case conflicts : a pilot study | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper reports the results of a pilot study on the resolution of case conflicts in German free relative constructions. Section 1 gives a brief introduction into the phenomenon, section 2 presents the experiment and its results, section 3 ends the paper with a brief more general discussion."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Deutsch",
"Relativsatz",
"Syntax",
"Satzanalyse",
"Kasus",
"Experiment",
"Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133097463",
"bllo:bll-133070158"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Free relative",
"Freier Relativsatz"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074072",
"bll-133074056",
"FiniteClause",
"Clause",
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Relative clause",
"Relativsatz"
],
[
"Subordinate clause",
"Nebensatz"
],
[
"Finite clause",
"Finiter Teilsatz"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14361 | Dialectal variation in german 3-verb clusters : a surface-oriented optimality theoretic account | eng | doc-type:article | [
"We present data from an empirical investigation on the dialectal variation in the syntax of German 3-verb clusters, consisting of a temporal auxiliary, a modal verb, and a predicative verb. The ordering possibilities vary greatly among the dialects. Some of the orders that we found occur only under particular stress assignments. We assume that these orders fulfil an information structural purpose and that the reordering processes are changes only in the linear order of the elements which is represented exclusively at the surface syntactic level, PF (Phonetic Form). Our Optimality theoretic account offers a multifactorial perspective on the phenomenon."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Deutsch",
"Syntax",
"Dialektologie",
"Verb",
"Optimalitätstheorie",
"Phonologie"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133127125",
"bllo:bll-133073165",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133115593",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133079244"
] | [
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Stress",
"Tonstärke"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Modal verb",
"Modalverb"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Auxiliary",
"Auxiliarverb"
]
] | [
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133079244",
"bll-133127125",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133127125",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Auxiliary",
"Auxiliarverb"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
14399 | Weak function word shift | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"The fact that object shift only affects weak pronouns in mainland Scandinavian is seen as an instance of a more general observation that can be made in all Germanic languages: weak function words tend to avoid the edges of larger prosodic domains. This generalisation has been formulated within Optimality Theory in terms of alignment constraints on prosodic structure by Selkirk (1996) in explaining thedistribution of prosodically strong and weak forms of English functionwords, especially modal verbs, prepositions and pronouns. But a purely phonological account fails to integrate the syntactic licensing conditions for object shift in an appropriate way. The standard semantico-syntactic accounts of object shift, onthe other hand, fail to explain why it is only weak pronouns that undergo object shift. This paper develops an Optimality theoretic model of the syntax-phonology interface which is based on the interaction of syntactic and prosodic factors. The account can successfully be applied to further related phenomena in English and German."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Optimalitätstheorie",
"Syntax",
"Semantik",
"Phonologie",
"Prosodie",
"Kontrastive Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133113728",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:bll-133070166"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Licensing",
"Lizenzierung"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14400 | Remarks on the architecture of OT syntax grammars | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"This paper argues for a particular architecture of OT syntax. This architecture hasthree core features: i) it is bidirectional, the usual production-oriented optimisation (called ‘first optimisation’ here) is accompanied by a second step that checks the recoverability of an underlying form; ii) this underlying form already contains a full-fledged syntactic specification; iii) especially the procedure checking for recoverability makes crucial use of semantic and pragmatic factors. The first section motivates the basic architecture. The second section shows with two examples, how contextual factors are integrated. The third section examines its implications for learning theory, and the fourth section concludes with a broader discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed model."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Optimalitätstheorie",
"Syntax",
"Semantik",
"Pragmatik",
"Lerntheorie"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:bll-195090896"
] | [
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14401 | Correspondence in OT syntax and minimal link effects | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"The aim of this paper is the exploration of an optimality theoretic architecture for syntax that is guided by the concept of \"correspondence\": syntax is understood as the mechanism of \"translating\" underlying representations into a surface form. In minimalism, this surface form is called \"Phonological Form\" (PF). Both semantic and abstract syntactic information are reflected by the surface form. The empirical domain where this architecture is tested are minimal link effects, especially in the case of \"wh\"-movement. The OT constraints require the surface form to reflect the underlying semantic and syntactic representations as maximally as possible. The means by which underlying relations and properties are encoded are precedence, adjacency, surface morphology and prosodic structure. Information that is not encoded in one of these ways remains unexpressed, and gets lost unless it is recoverable via the context. Different kinds of information are often expressed by the same means. The resulting conflicts are resolved by the relative ranking of the relevant correspondence constraints."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Optimalitätstheorie",
"Syntax",
"Semantik",
"Prosodie",
"Phonologie",
"Verb",
"Aufsatzsammlung"
] | [
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133101037",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-13307384X"
] | [
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Concept",
"Konzept"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14402 | Degraded acceptability and markedness in syntax, and the stochastic interpretation of optimality theory | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"The argument that I tried to elaborate on in this paper is that the conceptual problem behind the traditional competence/performance distinction does not go away, even if we abandon its original Chomskyan formulation. It returns as the question about the relation between the model of the grammar and the results of empirical investigations – the question of empirical verification The theoretical concept of markedness is argued to be an ideal correlate of gradience. Optimality Theory, being based on markedness, is a promising framework for the task of bridging the gap between model and empirical world. However, this task not only requires a model of grammar, but also a theory of the methods that are chosen in empirical investigations and how their results are interpreted, and a theory of how to derive predictions for these particular empirical investigations from the model. Stochastic Optimality Theory is one possible formulation of a proposal that derives empirical predictions from an OT model. However, I hope to have shown that it is not enough to take frequency distributions and relative acceptabilities at face value, and simply construe some Stochastic OT model that fits the facts. These facts first of all need to be interpreted, and those factors that the grammar has to account for must be sorted out from those about which grammar should have nothing to say. This task, to my mind, is more complicated than the picture that a simplistic application of (not only) Stochastic OT might draw."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Optimalitätstheorie",
"Syntax",
"Stochastik",
"Relativsatz",
"Grammatikalität",
"Chomsky",
"Noam"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:Markedness",
"bllo:bll-133101037",
"bllo:Even",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133104133"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Markedness",
"Markiertheit"
],
[
"Concept",
"Konzept"
],
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Frequency",
"Häufigkeitsbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14592 | Of productive germs and the immortal soul : Friedrich Schlegel’s writings on language and early biological theory | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Friedrich Schlegel's lasting contribution to linguistics is usually seen in the impact that his book \"Über die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier\" from 1808 left on comparative linguistics and on the study of Sanskrit. Schlegel was one of the first European scholars to have studied Sanskrit extensively and he made a number of translations of Sanskrit literature into German which make up one third of \"Über die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier\". Schlegel's book is widely regarded as a founding document both of comparative linguistics and of indology, a fact which is quite remarkable in light of the development of Schlegel's thought after this text. His interest in Indian studies ceased more or less directly with the publication of this work, while his thoughts on language became more and more suffused by transcendental philosophy."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Schlegel, Friedrich von"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133080692",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133121348",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:Text"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Light",
"Licht"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Sanskrit",
"Sanskrit"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Text",
"Text"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133095444",
"Indo-Iranian",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-Arian languages",
"Indoarische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-Iranian languages",
"Indoiranische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
14597 | Sprache und Identität im Kontext der Migration schlesischer Aussiedler nach Deutschland | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Im Zeitalter der Globalisierung ist die Migration zu einem Ereignis geworden, das immer mehr Menschen betrifft. So machen sich einige auf der Suche nach besseren Lebensbedingungen und aus Gründen der Selbstverwirklichung freiwillig auf den Weg in ein neues Land, während andere durch Krieg oder Armut zum Verlassen ihrer Heimat gezwungen werden. Im Zielland treffen die Migranten notwendigerweise auf andere Menschen, mit denen sie sich austauschen, mit denen sie kommunizieren müssen – möglichst im Medium der Sprache. In den meisten Fällen ist die Sprache des Ziellandes jedoch eine andere als die des Herkunftslandes, so dass eine längerfristige Migration häufig, allerdings in ganz unterschiedlichem Ausmaße, zur Mehrsprachigkeit der Migranten führt."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Mehrsprachigkeit",
"Identität",
"Migration",
"Schlesisch <Polnisch>"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133089762",
"bllo:bll-133114937",
"bllo:bll-13307434X"
] | [
[
"War",
"Krieg"
],
[
"Plurilingualism",
"Mehrsprachigkeit"
],
[
"Middle voice",
"Medium"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"VoiceFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Voice feature",
"Genus verbi"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
14631 | An outline of Proto-Indo-European | eng | doc-type:report | [
"Indo-European is a branch of Indo-Uralic which was radically transformed under the influence of a North Caucasian substratum when its speakers moved from the area north of the Caspian Sea to the area north of the Black Sea (cf. Kortlandt 2007b). As a result, Indo-European developed a minimal vowel system combined with a very large consonant inventory including glottalized stops, also grammatical gender and adjectival agreement, an ergative construction which was lost again but has left its traces in the grammatical system, especially in the nominal inflection, a construction with a dative subject which was partly preserved in the historical languages and is reflected in the verbal morphology and syntax, where it gave rise to new categories, and a heterogeneous lexicon. The Indo-Uralic elements of Indo-European include pronouns, case endings, verbal endings, participles and derivational suffixes. In the following I shall give an overview of the grammar of Proto-Indo-European as it may have been spoken around 4000 BC in the eastern Ukraine, shortly after the ancestors of the Anatolians left for the Balkans (for more recent developments I refer to Beekes 1995)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Indogermanisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133073386",
"bllo:bll-133072959",
"bllo:bll-133093824",
"bllo:bll-133073416",
"bllo:bll-133073017",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133127826",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133113639",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133087964"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Inflection",
"Flexion"
],
[
"Vowel",
"Vokal"
],
[
"Ergative",
"Ergativ"
],
[
"Gender",
"Genus"
],
[
"Consonant",
"Konsonant"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Vowel system",
"Vokalsystem"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Dative",
"Dativ"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"AmbiguouslyDefinedConcept"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133118436",
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Ambiguously defined concept",
"Mehrdeutig definiertes Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological system",
"Phonemsystem"
],
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"AmbiguouslyDefinedConcept",
"",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
14632 | On the history of the genitive plural in Slavic, Baltic, Germanic, and Indo-European | eng | doc-type:article | [
"A correct interpretation of the genitive plural forms in Slavic and related languages requires a detailed chronological analysis of the material. At every stage of development we have to reckon with both phonetically regular and analogical forms. Analogy operates quite often along the same lines in different periods. Explaining an analogic change amounts to indicating a model, a motivation, and a stage of development for its effectuation. If one of these cannot be indicated, we must look for a phonetic explanation."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Slawische Sprachen",
"Deklination"
] | [
"bllo:Motivation",
"bllo:Analogy",
"bllo:bll-133100448",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:Plural"
] | [
[
"Motivation",
"Motiviertheit"
],
[
"Analogy",
"Analogie"
],
[
"Genitive",
"Genitiv"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Plural",
"Plural"
]
] | [
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"NumberFeature",
"AgreementFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Number feature",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Agreement feature",
"Kongruenz"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
14633 | Temporal gradation and temporal limitation | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In his magnum opus (Syntax and Semantics, Leiden 1978, henceforth: S&S) C.L. Ebeling makes a distinction between temporal gradation (pp 301-308 and 337-339) and temporal limitation (pp 311-315). In the case of temporal gradation “p , q”, the meaning “q” specifies the time during which the referent carries the mean-ing “p”."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Syntax"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133073424"
] | [
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
] |
14634 | Proto-Indo-European verbal syntax | eng | doc-type:article | [
"It is argued that the PIE thematic flexion can be compared with the objective conjugation of the Uralic languages. The thematic vowel referred to an object in the absolutive (asigmatic nominative) case."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Syntax"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073386",
"bllo:bll-133072959",
"bllo:bll-13308390X",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:bll-133075451",
"bllo:Conjugation",
"bllo:bll-133117049"
] | [
[
"Inflection",
"Flexion"
],
[
"Vowel",
"Vokal"
],
[
"Uralic languages",
"Uralische Sprachen"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"Absolutive",
"Absolutiv"
],
[
"Conjugation",
"Konjugation"
],
[
"Nominative",
"Nominativ"
]
] | [
[
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073386",
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Inflection",
"Flexion"
],
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
14635 | Early dialectal diversity in South Slavic I | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The large majority of the isoglosses which can be established in the South Slavic dialectal area date from the time of the disintegration of Common Slavic and from more recent periods (e.g., Ivi´c 1958: 25ff). The isoglosses have often shifted in the course of the centuries, so that their original position cannot always be determined. In this study I shall concentrate upon the dialectal differences which originated before the 10th century. At that time, Slavic was still a largely uniform language, though it was certainly not completely homogeneous."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Slawische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:SouthSlavic"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14636 | From Proto-Indo-European to Slavic | eng | doc-type:article | [
"A correct evaluation of the Slavic evidence for the reconstruction of the Indo- European proto-language requires an extensive knowledge of a considerable body of data. While the segmental features of the Slavic material are generally of corroborative value only, the prosodic evidence is crucial for the reconstruction of PIE. phonology. Due to the complicated nature of Slavic historical accentology, this has come to be realized quite recently.1 As a result, much of the earlier literature has become obsolete to the extent that it is based upon an interpretation which does not take the multifarious accentual developments into account. I shall give one example."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Slawische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:Reconstruction",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:bll-133091562"
] | [
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Reconstruction",
"Rekonstruktion"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Body",
"Körper"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14637 | A parasitological view of non-constructible sets | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The genetic code, the primary manifestation of life, and, on the other hand, language, the universal endowment of humanity and its momentous leap from genetics to civilization, are the two fundamental stores of information transmissible from the ancestry to the progeny, the molecular succession, which ensures the transfer of hereditary messages from the cells of one generation to the next generation, and the verbal legacy as a necessary prerequisite of cultural tradition. Divergent terminologies direct attention to different pattemings; and finding a logically convincing test, acceptable all around, that can determine whether one such system of terms is superior to its rivals, is often impossible. Yet the slow processes of evolution presumably apply to human societies and their symbolic systems as much as to human bodies, so that when logic cannot decide, survival eventually will."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Sprachtheorie",
"Sprachlogik"
] | [
"bllo:Human",
"bllo:Universal",
"bllo:bll-197234038"
] | [
[
"Human",
"Menschlich"
],
[
"Universal",
"Universalie"
],
[
"Life",
"Leben"
]
] | [
[
"HumannessFeature",
"SemanticFeature",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Humanness feature",
"Menschlichkeit"
],
[
"Semantic feature",
"Semantisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14638 | Das Spannungsfeld von Hochsprache und Dialekt im arabischen Raum | deu | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"In der arabischen Welt herrscht eine sehr alte und stabile Situation der Diglossie, d.h. des funktional geregelten Nebeneinanders von zwei historischen Entwicklungsstufen der gleichen Sprache. Das Moderne Hocharabisch ist eine konservierte Form des Klassischen Arabisch. Es genießt hohes Ansehen und dient als Schriftsprache, wird aber nicht muttersprachlich erworben, sondern durch Unterricht erlernt. Im mündlichen und informellen Bereich werden die jeweiligen Dialekte verwendet; sie sind die natürliche Muttersprache der Bevölkerung, genießen jedoch keinerlei Ansehen. Da die Hochsprache in ihrer äußeren Form nicht verändert werden darf, aber auch die Dialekte sich nicht zu modernen geschriebenen Volkssprachen entwickeln dürfen, scheint die Diglossiesituation für alle Zeit festgeschrieben. Dadurch ist das Überleben der Dialekte gesichert, obgleich sie sich untereinander stärker annähern. Die Geringschätzung der Dialekte in der arabischen Welt bedingt auch eine Ablehnung der Dialektologie. Deshalb war die arabische Dialektologie immer eine Domäne westlicher Forscher, doch nun deutet sich auch im Westen ihr Niedergang an."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Standardsprache",
"Dialekt",
"Arabisch",
"ddc:490"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-13311564X",
"bllo:bll-133071294",
"bllo:bll-133089762",
"bllo:bll-366640542",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133077780"
] | [
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Modernity",
"Moderne"
],
[
"Dialectology",
"Dialektologie"
],
[
"War",
"Krieg"
],
[
"Nun",
"Nun"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Arabic",
"Arabisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-206064306",
"SouthernBantoid",
"bll-264764609",
"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"CentralSemitic",
"WestSemitic",
"bll-133122344",
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Grassfields languages",
"Grassfields-Sprachen"
],
[
"Southern Bantoid",
"Süd-Bantoid"
],
[
"Bantoid languages",
"Bantoid-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Central Semitic",
"Zentralsemitisch"
],
[
"West Semitic",
"Westsemitisch"
],
[
"Semitic languages",
"Semitische Sprachen"
],
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14639 | Arabic dialects in Turkey — towards a comparative typology | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In a workshop devoted to Turkish dialects it is my pleasure to present a short survey of the dialectology of a language which is also spoken on the territory of Turkey and offers considerable dialect variation, namely Arabic."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Dialekt",
"Arabisch",
"Türkei"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133125157",
"bllo:bll-133071294",
"bllo:bll-133077780"
] | [
[
"Turkish",
"Türkisch"
],
[
"Dialectology",
"Dialektologie"
],
[
"Arabic",
"Arabisch"
]
] | [
[
"OghuzTurkic",
"bll-133088499",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"CentralSemitic",
"WestSemitic",
"bll-133122344",
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oghuz Turkic",
"Oghusisch"
],
[
"Turkic",
"Turksprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Central Semitic",
"Zentralsemitisch"
],
[
"West Semitic",
"Westsemitisch"
],
[
"Semitic languages",
"Semitische Sprachen"
],
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14640 | Old Aramaic and Neo-Aramaic : some reflections on language history | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Aramaic is not among the oldest Semitic languages in a strictly chronological sense, but among those languages which are still spoken today, it has the longest continuous written tradition. The existing written documents span a period of three millennia and thus enable us to study language history in a long-term perspective. It is very important, in this respect, that the latest stage of development of Aramaic, Neo-Aramaic, still exists in a multitude of spoken varieties which can be studied in vivo. We can thus describe the phonetics and phonology of the modern varieties with more precision than is possible for the older language stages, which in turn enables us to draw conclusions on diachronic sound change. Likewise, we can study morphology and syntax not only from recorded texts, but we also have recourse to native speakers in order to clarify doubtful points. Thus the latest stage of Aramaic casts a strong light back into the past. It is therefore most unfortunate that many Aramaicists and Syrologists show so little interest in this living heritage."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Aramäisch",
"Semitische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133077810",
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133072576",
"bllo:bll-133080692",
"bllo:bll-133122344",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-367348403"
] | [
[
"Aramaic",
"Aramäisch"
],
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Phonetics",
"Phonetik"
],
[
"Light",
"Licht"
],
[
"Semitic languages",
"Semitische Sprachen"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Neo-Aramaic",
"Neuaramäisch"
]
] | [
[
"CentralSemitic",
"WestSemitic",
"bll-133122344",
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133077810",
"CentralSemitic",
"WestSemitic",
"bll-133122344",
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Central Semitic",
"Zentralsemitisch"
],
[
"West Semitic",
"Westsemitisch"
],
[
"Semitic languages",
"Semitische Sprachen"
],
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Aramaic",
"Aramäisch"
],
[
"Central Semitic",
"Zentralsemitisch"
],
[
"West Semitic",
"Westsemitisch"
],
[
"Semitic languages",
"Semitische Sprachen"
],
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14724 | Semiotactics as a Van Wijngaarden grammar | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"1. There are two classes of theories of Universal Grammar: (1) Formalist theories, such as the widespread varieties of generative grammar. These theories start from the assumption that certain strings of linguistic forms are grammatical while other strings are ungrammatical. A grammar of this type produces grammatical strings and does not produce ungrammatical ones. All theories of this class fail in the same respect: they do not account for the meaning of the strings. (2) Semiotactic theories, which describe the meaning of a string in terms of the meanings of its constituent forms and their interrelations. The only elaborate formalized theory of this class presently available is the one advanced by C.L. Ebeling (Syntax and Semantics, Leiden: Brill, 1978). I shall discuss some of its mathematical properties here."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Grammatiktheorie"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:Universal",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-13307384X"
] | [
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Universal",
"Universalie"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14726 | Polabian accentuation | eng | doc-type:report | [
"From a synchronic point of view, the accentuation of Late Polabian has been clarified by Trubetzkoy (1929) and Olesch (1973, 1974). The stress fell on the last full vowel of a word form, which was found either in the final or in the penulti-mate syllable. In the latter instance, the final syllable contained a reduced vowel. This rule was challenged by Kurylowicz (1955), who maintained that the stress was fixed on the initial syllable of the word. The latter theory has the advantage of accounting for the absence of reduced vowels in initial syllables."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Polabisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133072959",
"bllo:bll-133073068",
"bllo:bll-133120244",
"bllo:bll-133073165",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-217289088",
"bllo:bll-133118797"
] | [
[
"Vowel",
"Vokal"
],
[
"Syllable",
"Silbe"
],
[
"Rule",
"Regel"
],
[
"Stress",
"Tonstärke"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Initial",
"Initiale"
],
[
"Polabian",
"Polabisch"
]
] | [
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LinguisticRule",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Abbreviation",
"Residual",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Linguistic rule",
"Linguistische Regel"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Abbreviation",
"Abkürzung"
],
[
"Residual",
"Restkategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14727 | The accentuation of neuter nouns in Slovene and West Bulgarian | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The Slovene neo-circumflex is our major source of information for the reconstruction of Proto-Slavic long vowels in posttonic syllables (cf. Kortlandt 1976)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Slowenisch",
"Bulgarisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133122891",
"bllo:Reconstruction"
] | [
[
"Slovene",
"Slowenisch"
],
[
"Reconstruction",
"Rekonstruktion"
]
] | [
[
"SouthSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14728 | The Germanic weak preterit | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The main difficulty with the Germanic weak preterit is that one cannot endeavor an explanation of its origin without taking into account almost every aspect of the historical phonology and morphology of the Germanic languages. In the following I intend to show how a number of problems receive a natural explanation in a unified treatment on the basis of earlier studies. The theory presented here is not revolutionary, but aims at integrating earlier findings into a coherent whole. There is no reason to give a detailed account of the scholarly literature, which is easily accessible (cf. Tops 1974, Bammesberger 1986)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Konjugation"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133073475",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-133070166"
] | [
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Aspect",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
]
] | [
[
"AspectFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Aspect feature",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14729 | The spread of the Indo-Europeans | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The publication of Mallory’s book (1989) has rendered much of what I had to say in the present contribution superfluous. The author presents a carefully argued and very well written account of a balanced view on almost every aspect of the problem. Against this background, I shall limit myself to a few points which have not received sufficient attention in the discussion. ..."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Indogermanisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073475"
] | [
[
"Aspect",
"Aspekt"
]
] | [
[
"AspectFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Aspect feature",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
] |
14730 | On the meaning of the Japanese passive | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In her discussion of the Japanese adversative passive, Anna Wierzbicka writes (1988: 260): “The problem is extremely interesting and important both for intrinsic reasons and because of its wider methodological implications. It can be formulated like this: if one form can be used in a number of different ways, are we entitled to postulate for it a number of different meanings or should we rather search for one semantic common denominator (regarded as the MEANING of the form in question) and attribute the variety of uses to the interaction between this meaning and the linguistic or extralinguistic context?” Though it “may seem obvious” that the second stand is “methodologically preferable” (261), she takes the first position and concludes that “the Japanese passive has to be recognized as multiply ambiguous” (286). In the following I intend to show that this view is both wrong and fruitful."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Japanisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133109070",
"bllo:bll-133078418",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133073408"
] | [
[
"Japanese",
"Japanisch"
],
[
"Attribute",
"Attribut"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
]
] | [
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"Japanisch-Ryukyu"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
""
] |
14731 | The origin of the Japanese and Korean accent systems | eng | doc-type:article | [
"S.R. Ramsey writes (1979: 162): \"The patterning of tone marks in Old Kyoto texts divides the vocabulary into virtually the same classes as those arrived at by comparing the accent distinctions found in the modern dialects. This means that the Old Kyoto dialect had a pitch system similar to that of proto-Japanese. The standard language of the Heian period may not actually be the ancestor of all the dialects of Japan, but at least as far as the accent system is concerned, it is close enough to the proto system to be used as a working model. The significance of this fact is important: It means that each of the dialects included in the comparison has as much to tell, at least potentially, as any other dialect about Old Kyoto accent.\""
] | ddc:400 | [
"Japanisch",
"Koreanisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307367X",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:bll-133073564"
] | [
[
"Vocabulary",
"Wortschatz"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"Comparison",
"Komparation"
]
] | [
[
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
""
] |
14732 | The Proto-Germanic pluperfect | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The Germanic perfect presents (Präteritopräsentien) form a past tense by adding the endings of the weak preterit to the stem of the past participle, e.g. Go. wissa ‘knew’. This is a recent formation (cf. Kortlandt 1989). We may therefore ask ourselves if we can reconstruct the earlier formation which was ousted by the weak preterit. We may also try to recover the motivation for the replacement."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Indogermanische Sprachen",
"Plusquamperfekt"
] | [
"bllo:Motivation",
"bllo:bll-133107167",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:Participle",
"bllo:Tense",
"bllo:bll-133070166"
] | [
[
"Motivation",
"Motiviertheit"
],
[
"Past tense",
"Präteritum"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Participle",
"Partizip"
],
[
"Tense",
"Gespannt"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
]
] | [
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"NonfiniteVerb",
"bll-133127125",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"TensenessFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Nonfinite verb",
"Infinite Verbform"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tenseness feature",
"Spannung"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14733 | General linguistics and Indo-European reconstruction | eng | doc-type:article | [
"There is good reason to be ambivalent about the usefulness of general considerations in linguistic reconstruction. As a heuristic device, a theoretical framework can certainly be helpful, but the negative potential of aprioristic considerations must not be underestimated. E.g., there is a whole range of phenomena which receive a natural explanation when we assume that glottalization is ancient in Germanic. The methodological question is: why have scholars been reluctant to identify the vestjysk stød with the English glottalization as a historical reality which may have been inherited from the proto-language? The role of general linguistics is to provide an idea of what can be expected in linguistic development, not by theoretical reasoning but by inspection of what actually happens."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Historische Sprachwissenschaft"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:TheoreticalFramework",
"bllo:Reconstruction",
"bllo:GeneralLinguistics",
"bllo:bll-133070166"
] | [
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Reconstruction",
"Rekonstruktion"
],
[
"General Linguistics",
"Allgemeine Linguistik"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"AcademicDiscipline"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Academic discipline",
"Fachgebiet"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"AcademicDiscipline",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14734 | The development of the Prussian language in the 16th century | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Eduard Hermann writes (1916: 147): \"Darüber, daß Wills Übersetzung des Enchiridions ein ganz schauderhaftes Preußisch ist, herrscht eine Stimme. Nur darüber sind die Meinungen geteilt, ob Will ein Stümper war und nichts vom Preußischen verstand oder ob das Preußische seiner Zeit dermaßen entartet war, daß Kasus und Formen fast beliebig miteinander wechseln konnten.\" This is a splendid formulation of the problem. Hermann’s article should be compulsory reading for students of historical syntax. In search of a solution to this problem, I have applied the following procedure. First I have put together the minor catechisms with those parts of the Enchiridion which translate the same German text. Words which are missing in any of the three versions have been italicized. The result is shown below."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Preußisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133089762",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:CaseFeature",
"bllo:Text",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:Voice"
] | [
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"War",
"Krieg"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Text",
"Text"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Voice",
"Stimme"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ModalityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
14735 | Are Mongolian and Tungus genetically related? | eng | doc-type:article | [
"It is no secret that Gerhard Doerfer has argued strongly against a genetic relationship between the Mongolic and Tungusic languages. Ten years ago he presented a detailed analysis of the Mongolo-Tungusic vocabulary (1985). In the following I intend to show that his material allows of a quite different conclusion."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Mongolisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13307367X",
"bllo:bll-133124533"
] | [
[
"Vocabulary",
"Wortschatz"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
14736 | Syntax and semantics in the history of Chinese | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The philosophy of language comes in three varieties. 1. The functionalist’s view: linguistic forms are instruments used to convey meaningful elements. This is the basis of European structuralism. 2. The formalist’s view: linguistic forms are abstract structures which can be filled with meaningful elements. This is the basis of generative grammar. 3. The parasitologist’s view: linguistic forms are vehicles for the reproduction of meaningful elements. This is the view which I advocated twelve years ago in a Festschrift (1985)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Chinesisch",
"Semantik"
] | [
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-13307109X"
] | [
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Philosophy of language",
"Sprachphilosophie"
]
] | [
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14737 | Japanese aru, iru, oru 'to be' : [oru ist bin aru] | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Among the Japanese expressions for 'to be', the verbs aru (unmarked), iru (animate subject) and oru (humble variant of iru) are of special interest (cf. Martin 1975: 194f. for a descriptive account). We may look for cognates of these verbs in the (other) Altaic languages."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Japanisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133109070",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:Animate",
"bllo:bll-133076806"
] | [
[
"Japanese",
"Japanisch"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Animate",
"Belebt"
],
[
"Altaic languages",
"Altaische Sprachen"
]
] | [
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"AnimacyFeature",
"SemanticFeature",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProposedLanguageFamily",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"Japanisch-Ryukyu"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Animacy feature",
"Belebtheit"
],
[
"Semantic feature",
"Semantisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Proposed language family",
"Hypothetische Sprachfamilie"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14738 | Accent and ablaut in the Vedic verb | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Most scholars nowadays reconstruct a static root present with an alternation between lengthened grade in the active singular and full grade in the active plural and in the middle. I am unhappy about this traditional methodology of loosely postulating long vowels for the proto-language. What we need is a powerful theory which explains why clear instances of original lengthened grade are so very few and restrains our reconstructions accordingly. Such a theory has been available for over a hundred years now: it was put forward by Wackernagel in his Old Indic grammar (1896: 66-68). The crucial element of his theory which is relevant in the present context is that he assumed lengthening in monosyllabic word forms, such as the 2nd and 3rd sg. active forms of the sigmatic aorist injunctive."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Vedisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133076873",
"bllo:bll-133077616",
"bllo:bll-133100995",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133079678",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:Plural"
] | [
[
"Alternation",
"Alternation"
],
[
"Aorist",
"Aorist"
],
[
"Injunctive",
"Injunktiv"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Root",
"Wurzel"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Plural",
"Plural"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MoodFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073378",
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"NumberFeature",
"AgreementFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Mood feature",
"Modus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Number feature",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Agreement feature",
"Kongruenz"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
14740 | On Russenorsk | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The concept of mixed language has recently gained some popularity, to my mind for no good reason. It is unclear how a mixed language can be distinguished from the product of extensive borrowing or relexification. I therefore think that the concept only serves to provoke muddled thinking about linguistic contact and language change. Note e.g. that Munske adduces German as an example \"because the author is a professor of German linguistics and because the phenomenon of language mixing can be explained better in relation to a language on which a large amount of research has been done than, for example, in relation to pidgin and creole languages\" (1986: 81)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Russennorwegisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133101037",
"bllo:bll-133079031",
"bllo:MixedLanguage",
"bllo:bll-133070158"
] | [
[
"Concept",
"Konzept"
],
[
"Thinking",
"Denken"
],
[
"Mixed language",
"Mischsprache"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14741 | The origin of the Goths | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Witold Ma´nczak has argued that Gothic is closer to Upper German than to Middle German, closer to High German than to Low German, closer to German than to Scandinavian, closer to Danish than to Swedish, and that the original homeland of the Goths must therefore be located in the southernmost part of the Germanic territories, not in Scandinavia (1982, 1984, 1987a, 1987b, 1992). I think that his argument is correct and that it is time to abandon Iordanes’ classic view that the Goths came from Scandinavia. We must therefore reconsider the grounds for adopting the latter position and the reasons why it always has remained popular."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Indogermanische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-13308731X",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:HighGerman",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133102912",
"bllo:LowGerman",
"bllo:bll-133070166",
"bllo:bll-133121836"
] | [
[
"Danish",
"Dänisch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Gothic",
"Gotisch"
],
[
"Low German",
"Niederdeutsch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Swedish",
"Schwedisch"
]
] | [
[
"NorthGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"EastGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"NorthGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"North Germanic",
"Nordgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"East Germanic",
"Ostgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"North Germanic",
"Nordgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14744 | The Indo-Uralic verb | eng | doc-type:report | [
"C.C. Uhlenbeck made a distinction between two components of Proto-Indo-European, which he called A and B (1935a: 133ff.). The first component comprises pronouns, verbal roots, and derivational suffixes, and may be compared with Uralic, whereas the second component contains isolated words, such as numerals and most underived nouns, which have a different source. The wide attestation of the Indo-European numerals must be attributed to the development of trade resulting from the increased mobility which was the primary cause of the Indo-European expansions. Numerals do not belong to the basic vocabulary of a neolithic culture, as is clear from their absence in Proto-Uralic (cf. also Collinder 1965: 112) and from the spread of Chinese numerals throughout East Asia. Though Uhlenbeck objects to the term “substratum” for his B complex, I think that it is a perfectly appropriate denomination."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Uralische Sprachen",
"Indogermanische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133080250",
"bllo:bll-13307367X",
"bllo:bll-341091448",
"bllo:bll-133085325"
] | [
[
"Basic vocabulary",
"Basiswortschatz"
],
[
"Vocabulary",
"Wortschatz"
],
[
"Culture",
"Kultur"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinesisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-13307367X",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133122719",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Vocabulary",
"Wortschatz"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Sino-Tibetan languages",
"Sinotibetische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14745 | Nivkh as a Uralo-Siberian language | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In his magnificent book on the language relations across Bering Strait (1998), Michael Fortescue does not consider Nivkh (Gilyak) to be a Uralo-Siberian language. Elsewhere I have argued that the Indo-European verbal system can be understood in terms of its Indo-Uralic origins (2001). All of these languages belong to Joseph Greenberg’s Eurasiatic macro-family (2000). In the following I intend to reconsider the grammatical evidence for including Nivkh into the Uralo-Siberian language family. The Indo-Uralic evidence is of particular importance because it guarantees a time depth which cannot otherwise be attained."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Niwchisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133127354",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133101819"
] | [
[
"Verbal system",
"Verbalsystem"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Gilyak",
"Giljakisch"
]
] | [
[
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133095452",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Paleoasiatic languages",
"Paläoasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14750 | The origin and nature of the linguistic parasite | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"1. The functionalist’s view: linguistic forms are instruments used to convey meaningful elements. This is the basis of European structuralism. 2. The formalist’s view: linguistic forms are abstract structures which can be filled with meaningful elements. This is the basis of generative grammar. 3. The parasitologist’s view: linguistic forms are vehicles for the reproduction of meaningful elements. This is the view which I advocated twenty years ago in the Festschrift for Werner Winter’s 60th birthday (1985). Here I intend to discuss the evolutionary origin and the physiological nature of the linguistic parasite. My theory of language is wholly consistent with Gerald Edelman’s theory of neuronal group selection."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Evolutionstheorie"
] | [
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-13307112X"
] | [
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Theory of language",
"Sprachtheorie"
]
] | [
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14751 | Bad theory, wrong conclusions: M. Halle on Slavic accentuation | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Twenty years ago (1983), I severely criticized Halle and Kiparsky’s review (1981) of Garde’s history of Slavic accentuation (1976). I concluded that Halle and Ki-parsky’s theoretical framework “rests upon an unwarranted limitation of the available evidence, obscures the chronological perspective, and yields results which are partly not new and partly incorrect. It is harmful because it does not give the facts their proper due and thereby blocks the road to empirical study, giving a free hand to unrestrained speculation” (1983: 40). As Halle has recently returned to the subject (2001), it may be interesting to see if there has been some progress in his thinking over the last two decades. In the following I shall try to avoid repeating what I have said in my earlier discussion."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Phonologie",
"ddc:410"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133079031",
"bllo:TheoreticalFramework"
] | [
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Thinking",
"Denken"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14754 | Early dialectal diversity in South Slavic II | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Twenty years ago I discussed the oldest isoglosses in the South Slavic linguistic area (1982). Subscribing to Van Wijk’s view that the bundle of isoglosses which separates Bulgarian from Serbo-Croatian was the result of an early split in South Slavic and that the transitional dialects originated from a later mixture of Serbian and Bulgarian dialects when the contact between the two languages had been restored (1927), I argued that the shared innovations of Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian must be dated to a period when the dialects were still spoken in the original Trans-Carpathian homeland of the Slavs. I concluded that there is no evidence for common innovations of South Slavic which were posterior to the end of what I have called the Late Middle Slavic period, which I dated to the 4th through 6th centuries AD. At that time, the major dialect divisions of Slavic were already established."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Slawische Sprachen",
"ddc:490"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133122409",
"bllo:bll-133082911",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:SouthSlavic",
"bllo:bll-133083667"
] | [
[
"Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbokroatisch"
],
[
"Serbian",
"Serbisch"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
],
[
"Bulgarian",
"Bulgarisch"
]
] | [
[
"SouthSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133122409",
"SouthSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SouthSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbokroatisch"
],
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14762 | Glottalization, preaspiration and gemination in English and Scandinavian | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Docherty et alii have \"noted that several sociolinguistic accounts have shown a sharp distinction between the social trajectories for glottal replacement as opposed to glottal reinforcement, which have normally been treated by phonologists as aspects of 'the same thing'. It may therefore not always be appropriate to treat the two phenomena as manifestations of a single process or as points on a single continuum (presumably along which speakers move through time). From the speaker’s point of view (as manifested by different patterns of speaker behaviour) they appear as independent phenomena\" (1997: 307)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Gemination"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133100081"
] | [
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Glottal",
"Glottal"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133112985",
"PlaceFeature",
"ConsonantTypeFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Laryngeal",
"Laryngal"
],
[
"Place feature",
"Artikulationsstelle"
],
[
"Consonant type feature",
"Konsonantenart"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
14766 | Indo-Uralic consonant gradation | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Koivulehto and Vennemann have recently (1996) revived Posti’s theory (1953) which attributed Finnic consonant gradation to Germanic influence, in particular to the influence of Verner’s law. This theory disregards the major differences between Finnic and Saami gradation (cf. Sammallahti 1998: 3) and ignores the similar gradation in Nganasan and Selkup (cf. Kallio 2000: 92)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Uralische Sprachen",
"Indogermanische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133098850",
"bllo:bll-133073017",
"bllo:bll-133078728",
"bllo:Finnic",
"bllo:bll-133070166"
] | [
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Nganasan",
"Tawgyisch"
],
[
"Consonant",
"Konsonant"
],
[
"Selkup",
"Selkupisch"
],
[
"Finnic",
"Ostseefinnisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-313603138",
"bll-13308390X",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-313603138",
"bll-13308390X",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133096793",
"bll-13308390X",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Samoyedic",
"Samojedisch"
],
[
"Uralic languages",
"Uralische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Samoyedic",
"Samojedisch"
],
[
"Uralic languages",
"Uralische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Finno-Ugric languages",
"Finno-Ugrische Sprachen"
],
[
"Uralic languages",
"Uralische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14801 | The linguistic position of the Prussian second catechism | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Elsewhere I have argued that the three Old Prussian catechisms reflect consecutive stages in the development of a moribund language (1998a, 1998b, 2001a). After first eliminating the orthographical differences between the three versions of parallel texts while maintaining the distinction between linguistic variants and then assigning separate phonemic interpretations to the three versions on the basis of the historical evidence I listed the following phonological differences between the three catechisms."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Preußisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098737"
] | [
[
"Old Prussian",
"Altpreussisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133080072",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Baltic languages",
"Baltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14802 | Indo-Uralic and Altaic | eng | doc-type:report | [
"Elsewhere I have argued that the Indo-European verbal system can be understood in terms of its Indo-Uralic origins because the reconstructed Indo-European endings can be derived from combinations of Indo-Uralic morphemes by a series of well-motivated phonetic and analogic developments (2002). Moreover, I have claimed (2004b) that the Proto-Uralic consonant gradation accounts for the peculiar correlations between Indo-European root structure and accentuation discovered by Lubotsky (1988)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Uralische Sprachen",
"Altaisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133127354",
"bllo:bll-133079678",
"bllo:bll-133073017"
] | [
[
"Verbal system",
"Verbalsystem"
],
[
"Root",
"Wurzel"
],
[
"Consonant",
"Konsonant"
]
] | [
[
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073378",
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
14803 | Balto-Slavic accentuation : some news travels slowly | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Since 1973 I have been advocating the view that the Balto-Slavic acute tone was in fact glottalic and has been preserved unchanged in originally stressed and unstressed syllables in Žemaitian and Latvian, respectively (e.g. 1975, 1977, 1985, 1998). Jay Jasanoff has now (2004) adopted the gist of my view, but with-out mentioning my name. It may therefore be useful to sketch the background of our differences and to point out the remaining discrepancies."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Baltoslawische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133113507"
] | [
[
"Latvian",
"Lettisch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133080072",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Baltic languages",
"Baltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
14804 | From Serbo-Croatian to Indo-European | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The history of Slavic accentuation is complex. As a result, the significance of the Slavic accentual evidence is not immediately obvious to the average Indo-Europeanist. In this contribution I intend to render the material more easily accessible to the non-specialist. I shall focus on the Serbo-Croatian dialectal area, where the Proto-Slavic accentual system is better preserved than elsewhere. The main point of reference will be the neo-Štokavian system which was codified in the 19th century as a basis for the standard languages."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Indogermanische Sprachen",
"Kroatisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133122409",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133120139"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbokroatisch"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Reference",
"Referenz"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SouthSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"SemanticRelation",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Semantic relation",
"Semantische Relation"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
] |
14805 | Hittite ammuk 'me' | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In the Indo-European department of Leiden University, Alwin Kloekhorst has initiated a discussion on Hittite ammuk ‘me’. The central question is: where did the geminate come from? This has led me to reconsider the origin of the Indo-European personal pronouns against the background of my reconstruction of Indo-Uralic (2002: 221-225). For the historical data I may refer to Schmidt (1978)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Uralische Sprachen",
"Indogermanische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133105970",
"bllo:Reconstruction"
] | [
[
"Hittite",
"Hethitisch"
],
[
"Reconstruction",
"Rekonstruktion"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133077357",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Anatolian",
"Anatolisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14806 | Holger Pedersen's "Études lituaniennes" revisited | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Holger Pedersen’s \"Études lituaniennes\" reflects the issues under discussion at the time of its publication (1933). Its five unequal chapters deal with the following topics: I. The Lithuanian future and its Indo-European origins: the sigmatic formation, the 3rd person zero ending, the short root vowels e and a, the shortening and metatony in the 3rd person, and the future participle. II. The accentuation of nouns in Lithuanian: accentual mobility in the Indo- European consonant stems and its absence in the o-stems, the origins of accentual mobility in Lithuanian nominal paradigms, the accentuation of separate case forms, and accentual peculiarities of the adjective. III. The acute tone of the root in consonant stems. IV. The past active participle. V. Secondary vocalic alternations: new vowel length and new acute tone."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Baltische Sprachen",
"Litauisch",
"Pedersen, Holger"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133099377",
"bllo:bll-133072959",
"bllo:Adjective",
"bllo:bll-133079678",
"bllo:bll-133113914",
"bllo:Participle",
"bllo:bll-133073017",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133072975",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:PersonFeature"
] | [
[
"Future",
"Futur"
],
[
"Vowel",
"Vokal"
],
[
"Adjective",
"Adjektiv"
],
[
"Root",
"Wurzel"
],
[
"Lithuanian",
"Litauisch"
],
[
"Participle",
"Partizip"
],
[
"Consonant",
"Konsonant"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Vowel length",
"Vokallänge"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Person feature",
"Person"
]
] | [
[
"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073378",
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133080072",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"NonfiniteVerb",
"bll-133127125",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LengthFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"AgreementFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Baltic languages",
"Baltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Nonfinite verb",
"Infinite Verbform"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Length feature",
"Quantität"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Agreement feature",
"Kongruenz"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
14807 | Miscellaneous remarks on Balto-Slavic accentuation | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The highly successful conference on Balto-Slavic accentology organized by Mate Kapovic and Ranko Matasovic has given much food for thought. It has clarified the extent of fundamental disagreements as well as established areas of common interest where the evidence seems to be ambiguous. In the following I shall comment upon some of the papers presented at the conference which are directly relevant to my own research."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Baltoslawische Sprachen"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
14808 | Noises and nuisances in Balto-Slavic and Indo-European linguistics | eng | doc-type:article | [
"It is gratifying to see that Jay Jasanoff has now (2004) adopted my theory that \"the Balto-Slavic acute was a kind of stød or broken tone\" (p. 172), which I have been advocating since 1973. Unfortunately, his acceptance of my view is not based on an evaluation of the comparative evidence (for which see Kortlandt 1985a) but on his desire to derive Balto-Slavic “acute” and \"circumflex\" syllables from the \"bimoric\" and \"trimoric\" long vowels which he assumes for Proto-Germanic as the reflexes of the Indo-European \"acute\" and \"circumflex\" tones of the neogrammarians. Since the original \"circumflex\" was limited to Indo-European VHV-sequences, Jasanoff proposes a whole series of additional lengthenings yielding \"hyperlong\" vowels in Germanic, Baltic and Slavic, which still do not suffice to eliminate the counter-evidence (cf. Kortlandt 2004b: 14). The reason for this failure is his unwillingness to recognize that lengthened grade vowels are circumflex in Balto-Slavic (cf. Kortlandt 1997a)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Baltische Sprachen",
"Indogermanische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133070166",
"bllo:bll-133072835"
] | [
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
""
] |
14809 | Lithuanian tekéti and related formations | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Erdvilas Jakulis’ thorough, detailed and comprehensive study (2004) is an important contribution to our reconstruction of the Balto-Slavic verbal system. The following remarks are intended to complement his findings from a Slavic perspective. Jakulis demonstrates that the type of Lith. tekèti, teka ‘flow’ is largely of East Baltic provenance. He finds it difficult to identify the same type in Old Prussian."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Litauisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133127354",
"bllo:bll-133098737",
"bllo:Reconstruction"
] | [
[
"Verbal system",
"Verbalsystem"
],
[
"Old Prussian",
"Altpreussisch"
],
[
"Reconstruction",
"Rekonstruktion"
]
] | [
[
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133080072",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Baltic languages",
"Baltische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
14810 | On the relative chronology of Slavic accentual developments | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Last year Georg Holzer proposed a relative chronology of accentual developments in Slavic (2005). Here I shall compare his chronology with the one I put forward earlier (1975, 1989a, 2003) and discuss the differences. For the sake of convenience, I first reproduce the relevant parts of my chronology, omitting asterisks before pre-historic Slavic forms. 1. Proto-Indo-European. 2. Dialectal Indo-European. 3. Early Balto-Slavic. During this period the characteristic lateral mobility of Balto-Slavic accent patterns came into existence. 4. Late Balto-Slavic. During this period the Balto-Slavic accent patterns obtained their final shape."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Baltische Sprachen",
"Indogermanische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133113051"
] | [
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Lateral",
"Lateral"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133122948",
"MannerFeature",
"ConsonantTypeFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"bll-133113884"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Sonorant",
"Sonorant"
],
[
"Manner feature",
"Artikulationsmodus"
],
[
"Consonant type feature",
"Konsonantenart"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Liquid",
"Liquida"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
14811 | Balto-Slavic accentual mobility | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Thomas Olander’s dissertation (2006) offers a useful introduction to the history of Balto-Slavic accentuation supported by an impressive command of the scholarly literature."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Baltoslawische Sprachen"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
14812 | Accent retraction and tonogenesis | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Like its predecessor in Zagreb, the conference on Balto-Slavic accentology in Copenhagen was a great success. The enthusiasm of the organizers Adam Hyllested and Thomas Olander proved highly effective in stimulating discussion among the participants. While in Zagreb most papers dealt with Slavic data, in Copenhagen the emphasis was on Balto-Slavic problems."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Slawische Sprachen",
"Baltische Sprachen"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
14813 | Gothic gen.pl. -e | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Don Ringe has recently published an article on the Gothic gen. pl. ending -e (2006) which is as peculiar for the author’s self-confidence as it is illustrative of the lack of knowledge in some quarters of the Indo-Europeanist scholarly community."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Gotisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133102912",
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"Gothic",
"Gotisch"
],
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"EastGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"East Germanic",
"Ostgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
14814 | Hittite hi-verbs and the Indo-European perfect | eng | doc-type:report | [
"In an earlier study (1983) I argued that unlike aorists and athematic presents, Indo-European perfects and thematic presents originally had a dative subject, as in German mir träumt ‘me dreams’ for ich träume ‘I dream’, e.g. Greek oida ‘I know’ < ‘it is known to me’, édomai ‘I will eat’ < ‘it is eatable to me’. On the basis of Oettinger’s epoch-making book (1979), I proposed that the Hittite hi-flexion originated from a merger of the perfect, where *-i was added to 3rd sg. *-e in order to supply a new present, with the thematic flexion of causatives and iteratives, where the final *-e of 3rd sg. *-eie was dropped before the loss of intervocalic *-i- (1983: 315)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Hethitisch",
"Indogermanische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133073386",
"bllo:bll-133105970",
"bllo:Greek",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-133087964"
] | [
[
"Inflection",
"Flexion"
],
[
"Hittite",
"Hethitisch"
],
[
"Greek",
"Griechisch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Dative",
"Dativ"
]
] | [
[
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133077357",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Anatolian",
"Anatolisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
14815 | Winter's law again | eng | doc-type:report | [
"Since I discussed the scholarly literature on Winter’s law twenty years ago (1988), several important articles on the subject have appeared (Young 1990, Campanile 1994, Matasovic 1995, Derksen 2002, Dybo 2002, Patri 2005, Derksen 2007). As the law evidently continues to be controversial, it is important to look into the nature of the evidence and counter-evidence which is adduced. It appears that doubts about Winter’s law are largely the result of four types of misunderstanding."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Slawische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133124703"
] | [
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
14816 | C. C. Uhlenbeck on Indo-European, Uralic and Caucasian | eng | doc-type:report | [
"In his early years, C. C. Uhlenbeck was particularly interested in the problem of the Indo-European homeland (1895, 1897). He rejected Herman Hirt’s theory (1892) that the words for ‘birch’, ‘willow’, ‘spruce’, ‘oak’, ‘beech’ and ‘eel’ point to Lithuania and its immediate surroundings and returned to Otto Schrader’s view (1883, 1890) that the original homeland must rather be sought in southern Russia and may have included some of the later Germanic and Iranian territories. It is clear that the Mediterranean region and the area around the North Sea can safely be excluded because the arrival of the Indo-Europeans was comparatively recent here, as it was in Iran and the Indian subcontinent. It is difficult to be more specific within the limits of central and eastern Europe and central Asia. Uhlenbeck was impressed by the lexical correspondences between Indo-European and Semitic which had been adduced in favor of an eastern homeland but pointed out that borrowings from Semitic may have reached the Indo-Europeans through an intermediary. He agrees that the Indo-European words for trees and animals point to a moderate climate but questions the possibility of a more specific localization as well as the concept of homeland itself."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Uhlenbeck",
"Christianus C.",
"Indogermanische Sprachen",
"Uralische Sprachen"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133101037",
"bllo:bll-133070166",
"bllo:bll-133072835"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Concept",
"Konzept"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
""
] |
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