UnsolvedMath

license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
  - question-answering
  - text-generation
language:
  - en
tags:
  - mathematics
  - unsolved-problems
  - math
  - research
  - latex
size_categories:
  - 1K<n<10K
pretty_name: UnsolvedMath

🌐 Browse UnsolvedMath online

✅ Paper: Open Mathematical Problems as an AI Reasoning Benchmark

UnsolvedMath Dataset

A comprehensive curated collection of 2,084 open mathematics problems across all domains and difficulty levels, including the largest collection of Erdős problems available in machine-readable format. Available for browsing at unsolvedmath.com.

Paper: "Open Mathematical Problems as an AI Reasoning Benchmark"

Dataset Description

UnsolvedMath is a comprehensive dataset of unsolved and historically significant mathematical problems, organized by domain, difficulty level, and problem set. This dataset aggregates problems from prestigious collections including:

Millennium Prize Problems
Hilbert's 23 Problems
Smale's 18 Problems for the 21st Century
DARPA's 23 Mathematical Challenges
Ben Green's 100 Open Problems
Erdős Problems
Kourovka Notebook New Problems
Kirby's Problems in Low-Dimensional Topology
OpenGarden / Open Problem Garden

Dataset Summary

Total Problems: 2084
Erdős Problems: 632 problems with citations and references
Version: 1.1.0
Categories: 17 mathematical domains
Difficulty Levels: 5 (L1: Tractable → L5: Millennium Prize)
Problem Sets: 12 curated collections
Format: JSON
License: CC BY 4.0

New in v1.1.0

This release adds three large source collections:

OpenGarden / Open Problem Garden: 422 problems
Kirby's Problems in Low-Dimensional Topology: 366 problems
Kourovka Notebook New Problems: 150 problems

Supported Tasks

Mathematical research and exploration
Mathematical question answering
LaTeX/mathematical notation processing
Problem classification and organization
Educational content generation

Dataset Structure

Data Files

The dataset consists of multiple JSON files:

problems.json - Main dataset containing all problems
categories.json - Mathematical domain classifications
difficulty_levels.json - 5-tier difficulty system
sets.json - Problem set metadata (Millennium Prize, Hilbert's 23, etc.)
dataset.json - Combined file with all data
statistics.json - Dataset statistics

Data Fields

Problems

Each problem contains:

id (int): Unique identifier
title (string): Problem title
statement (string): Complete problem statement with LaTeX notation
background (string, optional): Historical context and background
category (object): Mathematical domain
- id, name, display_name, description, slug
difficulty (object): Difficulty classification
- id, level, name, description, color_class
status (string): "open", "solved", or "partially_solved"
source_url (string, optional): Reference URL
sets (array, optional): Associated problem sets
tags (array, optional): Additional tags
year_proposed (int, optional): Year the problem was first posed
solved_year (int, optional): Year solved (if applicable)
solved_by (string, optional): Solver's name
prize_amount (int, optional): Prize money (USD)
created_at (string): Timestamp

Difficulty Levels

L1: Tractable: Problems that may be within reach with current techniques. Reserved for future additions.
L2: Intermediate: Challenging problems requiring solid mathematical background. Reserved for future additions.
L3: Advanced: Difficult problems requiring specialized knowledge and sophisticated techniques.
L4: Expert: Very challenging problems at the frontier of mathematical research.
L5: Millennium Prize: Millennium Prize Problems and problems of equivalent difficulty.

Dataset Statistics

Problems by Difficulty

L1: Tractable: 916
L3: Advanced: 496
L2: Intermediate: 316
L4: Expert: 220
L5: Millennium Prize: 136

Problems by Status

Open: 2075
Solved: 9
Partially Solved: 0

Usage

Loading the Dataset

from datasets import load_dataset

# Load the full dataset
dataset = load_dataset("ulamai/UnsolvedMath", data_files="dataset.json")

# Or load individual files
problems = load_dataset("ulamai/UnsolvedMath", data_files="problems.json")
categories = load_dataset("ulamai/UnsolvedMath", data_files="categories.json")

Example: Filtering by Difficulty

import json

with open('problems.json', 'r') as f:
    problems = json.load(f)

# Get all Millennium Prize problems (L5)
millennium_problems = [
    p for p in problems
    if p.get('difficulty', {}).get('level') == 5
]

print(f"Found {len(millennium_problems)} Millennium Prize problems")

Example: LaTeX Rendering

# Problems contain LaTeX notation in the statement field
problem = problems[0]
print(problem['statement'])

# Use a LaTeX renderer like matplotlib or sympy to display
from sympy import latex, sympify
# ... render LaTeX content

Data Collection and Curation

This dataset was curated from:

Official Millennium Prize Problems documentation
Historical mathematical problem collections
Published research papers and mathematical surveys
Reputable mathematical organizations (Clay Mathematics Institute, AMS, etc.)

All problems include:

Accurate mathematical statements with LaTeX notation
Historical context and background
Proper attribution and source references
Classification by domain and difficulty

Ethical Considerations

Academic Integrity: This dataset is for research and educational purposes
Attribution: All problems are properly attributed to their original sources
Open Problems: Status accuracy maintained to the best of our knowledge as of the dataset creation date
Updates: Some problems may be solved after dataset publication

Limitations

The dataset represents a curated selection, not an exhaustive list of all unsolved problems
Problem difficulty is subjective and based on expert consensus
LaTeX notation may require preprocessing for some applications
Status (open/solved) should be verified for time-sensitive applications

Citation

If you use this dataset in your research, please cite:

@misc{unsolvedmath2026,
  title={UnsolvedMath: A Curated Collection of Open Mathematics Problems},
  author={UnsolvedMath Contributors},
  year={2026},
  howpublished={\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/ulamai/UnsolvedMath}},
}

Additional Information

Dataset Curators

UnsolvedMath project contributors

Licensing Information

This dataset is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

You are free to:

Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially

Under the following terms:

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit and indicate if changes were made

Contact

For questions, issues, or contributions:

Website: unsolvedmath.com
Dataset: huggingface.co/datasets/ulamai/UnsolvedMath

Generated: 2026-05-13T14:59:38.597Z Version: 1.1.0