text
stringlengths 1
2.31M
| meta
dict |
|---|---|
The communications industry is rapidly changing to adjust to emerging technologies and ever increasing customer demand. This customer demand for new applications and increased performance of existing applications is driving communications network and system providers to employ networks and systems having greater speed and capacity (e.g., greater bandwidth). In trying to achieve these goals, a common approach taken by many communications providers is to use packet switching technology. Increasingly, public and private communications networks are being built and expanded using various packet technologies, such as Internet Protocol (IP). Note, nothing described or referenced in this document is admitted as prior art to this application unless explicitly so stated.
Multicast Routing protocols like Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) and Bi-directional PIM achieve multicast forwarding by building a shared distribution tree rooted at Rendezvous Point (RP). In each of the routers (or switches), a single (*, G) entry is used to forward traffic down the shared tree. In Bi-directional, the same entry is used for forwarding traffic upstream towards the Rendezvous point, as well. In such shared tree based forwarding models, source-control is one of the biggest problems. Because traffic forwarding is achieved using a (*, G) entry, any unwanted malicious host can send multicast traffic at very high rates. This at least results in a waste of valuable network bandwidth, and lends itself to denial of service (DOS) attacks (e.g., attacks on a network by flooding it with useless traffic designed to consume the network resources).
In PIM-SM, data traffic from a source is encapsulated within a register message by the first hop router and sent via unicast packets to the Rendezvous Point (RP). Depending on the IP address of the source, the RP can decide to either forward the traffic down the shared tree or ignore the traffic. In either case, the RP sends back a register-stop message instructing the first hop router to stop sending register messages. Thus, traffic from an invalid source is encapsulated and forwarded by a first hop router (consuming its resources), and it is not dropped until it reaches the RP (consuming network and RP resources, and providing an opportunity DOS attacks). In Bi-directional PIM, these problems are even more aggravated by the fact that a common (*, G) forwarding entry is used to forward traffic in both directions (i.e., upstream towards the RP, and downstream away from the RP and towards the receivers). Although there is no protection is available to protect against malicious or unwanted sources, there is protection from unwanted receivers joining a multicast group through admission-control mechanisms that are available.
One approach to limit the problem is to use security Access Control Lists (ACLs) manually maintained by an administrator to limit the hosts which can send multicast traffic, such as by denying all but an explicit list of hosts. Clearly such a solution is not scalable.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Welcome to DBSTalk
Welcome to DBSTalk. Our community covers all aspects of video delivery solutions including: Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS), Cable Television, and Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). We also have forums to discuss popular television programs, home theater equipment, and internet streaming service providers. Members of our community include experts who can help you solve technical problems, industry professionals, company representatives, and novices who are here to learn.
Like most online communities you must register to view or post in our community. Sign-up is a free and simple process that requires minimal information. Be a part of our community by signing in or creating an account. The Digital Bit Stream starts here!
I like the show but it is too slow paced to be one of my favorite serialized shows. I watch this show when my DVR is clear of shows like Breaking Bad, Walking Dead, Justified, Sons of Anarchy, Fringe, Falling skies, etc. This is more of a time filler show like Rookie Blue, Breakout kings, etc.
Season 1 is a wrap, the wife and I are watching and enjoying this one togather. I also started the Longmire books, author Craig Johnson is in fact a former Montana Sheriff. Absarouka County is fictional, but there is an Absarouka mountain range in the NW corner of the state. However the terrain seen in the series is more like the counties along the Southern border of Montana. Johnson wrote book #1 in 2005 and has published once per year since then, with book #8 in 2012.
I have finished the first three books. The A&E scripts are original, save for the Season 1 finale which is a plot from book #1.
Season 1 is a wrap, the wife and I are watching and enjoying this one togather. I also started the Longmire books, author Craig Johnson is in fact a former Montana Sheriff. Absarouka County is fictional, but there is an Absarouka mountain range in the NW corner of the state. However the terrain seen in the series is more like the counties along the Southern border of Montana. Johnson wrote book #1 in 2005 and has published once per year since then, with book #8 in 2012.
I have finished the first three books. The A&E scripts are original, save for the Season 1 finale which is a plot from book #1.
I'm about half way through the 5th book. I'm really looking forward to next season. Although I will say the season finale was not one of the better episodes, in my opinion. Some good spots but not that good overall.
However the terrain seen in the series is more like the counties along the Southern border of Montana.
After enjoying a long stretch of success with The Closer, the prime-prime drama that kept him and partner John Coveny gainfully employed for the better part of seven years, writer-producer Hunt Baldwin is eager to impress audiences with his latest cable-TV project: Longmire, the modern-day western set to kick off a 10-episode run June 3 on the A&E Network.
But he and Coveny are walking into this new territory with their eyes wide open, acutely aware that their latest show will be subjected to close scrutiny by the most demanding critics imaginable: The many faithful fans of the Craig Johnson mystery novels that are the producers’ source material.
“That’s something we take seriously,” Baldwin said while calling from a location near Santa Fe that is doubling for the Wyoming setting of Johnson’s books. “We want to make sure they’re happy.
Yeah, Santa Fe actually makes sense. I kept wondering why it seemed like the Grand Tetons were never visible in any direction, because you can see them from parts of three states.
Certainly the books have more detail about the crimes, plus more detail about the politics, both tribal and county. Longmire has a love life but keeps hooking up with the wrong woman, and getting hurt. In many ways these books are a contemporary police procedural, kinda like a Western version of Robert B.Parker's Jesse Stone. The sparse prose is similar in style, and not at all like the historical Westerns that Parker wrote (Appaloosa and Monte Walsh).
For my money, the very best subplot that keeps popping up in the books is the recurrent one of the Indian spirits. In times of great physical stress and sometimes in dreams, Longmire actually sees and is aided by the ghosts of the famous Lakota warriors and Dog Soldiers. He will not even discuss this with Henry, knowing that if word gets around, he will never win re-election. In this aspect of Native American spirituality, the Longmire novels resemble those of Tony Hillerman. However, it would be very difficult to do this topic justice in a weekly TV series, whereas Johnson crafts each book over 12 months.
In the books, Vic the female Deputy is a fiery black-haired Italian going through a divorce in Wyoming, after she moved from Philidelphia to Wyoming with her new husband, giving up her job as a beat cop for 5+ years. Then he moved on to another job in Alaska, and she refused to go. I had doubts about Katee Sackoff in the role, but she's actually very good. I also had doubts about Lou Diamond Phillips as Henry Standing Bear, because in the books, Henry is a very large powerfull man and Phillips is slight. But Phillips is now a good actor, and portrays Henry well.
One early ep I was watching looked like it was shot in The Plaza. Anyone know? Camera angles looked like they were chosen to not reveal location- same when they're out driving- Mtn ranges in b/g, but hardly ever roadside views.
When I saw the preview for the show I did set it to record. I am glad I did, I watched the first couple of episodes then my wife wanted to start watching it so we started from the first one, and really glad we did. Great show and look forward to season 2.
Now that season 3 of Longmire has wrapped, there is uncertainty as to whether A&E will order a rth season due to declining viewership. Cast member Lou Diamond Phillips (Henry) is urging viewers to tweet @A&E vefore September to urge them to continue the series. Ratings for the third season:
Now that season 3 of Longmire has wrapped, there is uncertainty as to whether A&E will order a rth season due to declining viewership. Cast member Lou Diamond Phillips (Henry) is urging viewers to tweet @A&E vefore September to urge them to continue the series. Ratings for the third season:http://tvseriesfinal...e-ratings-32855
I am sure that the three and a half million who watch this show would preferred another reality show. In an era of five hundred or more channels I would hope that they will find a home for it.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Lucernaris performed in Cardiff next week with BBC National Orchestra of Wales
Since my trumpet concerto Lucernaris contains live electronics I usually go to the performances and runs it myself. Now it is time to work with the BBC National Orchestra of Wales in Cardiff. Really looking forward to it!
Here is a photo from last performance with BBC Philharmonic with Håkan Hardenberger & John Storgårds:
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
232 Va. 150 (1986)
348 S.E.2d 275
EDDIE DUANE ENDICOTT, AN INFANT, ETC.
v.
LORENE G. RICH AND THE GILLETTE COMPANY
Record No. 830823
Supreme Court of Virginia
September 5, 1986
George Mason, III; William T. King (Mason, Williams & Mason, on brief), for appellant.
Robert W. Wooldridge, Jr. (Grady C. Frank, Jr.; Boothe, Prichard & Dudley, on brief), for appellees.
Present: All the Justices
Rulings that, as a matter of law, the defendant in a personal injury case was not negligent and that the plaintiff was contributorially negligent were in error, and the judgment of the trial court is reversed.
Defendant was driving on a two lane state road when she saw two boys on bicycles riding along her side of the road. She took her foot off the accelerator and attempted to go around the boys by going partially into the opposite lane. Both boys swerved in front of defendant's car in an effort to reach the other side of the road. The thirteen-year-old plaintiff was struck and seriously injured. A negligence action followed. At the conclusion of plaintiff's case, the trial court struck the plaintiff's evidence and ruled as a matter of law that the defendant was not negligent and that the plaintiff was contributorially negligent. This appeal by plaintiff follows.
1. The evidence here raised a jury question as to whether defendant kept a proper lookout or took advantage of what a proper lookout would have disclosed.
2. There was evidence from which the trier of fact could conclude that defendant did not increase her vigilance and did not act upon the assumption that the boys might not operate their bicycles in a careful manner, despite her duty to approach the boys with care appropriate to the circumstances.
3. There was evidence from which the trier of fact could conclude that the defendant did not have her car properly under control when she attempted to pass the two boys.
4. Since there was clearly enough evidence to submit to the trier of fact on the question of defendant's negligence, the trial court erred in ruling as a matter of law that the defendant was not negligent.
5. In order to establish that plaintiff was contributorially negligent, defendant had to meet two independent burdens of proof because the defendant was only thirteen years of age and was presumed incapable of negligence.
6. In order to rebut the presumption that plaintiff was incapable of negligence, defendant was required to establish that in light of plaintiff's age, intelligence, and experience, he was capable of understanding and appreciating the nature of the danger and peril associated with his conduct.
7. There is no proof that plaintiff was capable of understanding that the choice he made to avoid the accident was a dangerous choice.
8. The trial court erred in ruling as a matter of law that plaintiff was contributorially negligent.
Appeal from a judgment of the Circuit Court of King George County. Hon. Richard H. C. Taylor, judge presiding.
THOMAS
THOMAS, I., delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is an appeal of a negligence action in which the trial court struck the plaintiff's evidence at the conclusion of plaintiff's case. Eddie Duane Endicott, a thirteen-year-old boy who was riding a bicycle on State Route 205 in King George County, was involved in a collision with a car driven by Lorene G. Rich. Endicott sued Rich through his mother and next friend. At the conclusion of plaintiff's case, the trial court ruled as a matter of law that Rich was not negligent and that Endicott was contributorially negligent.
On appeal, Endicott contends that both rulings were in error; we agree. Therefore, we will reverse the judgment of the trial court.
The evidence and all reasonable inferences arising therefrom must be viewed in the light most favorable to Endicott. The accident occurred on May 18, 1980. Endicott and his twelve-year-old friend Rodney Staples were together at Staples' house when the two boys asked permission from Staples' parents to ride their bicycles to the store to get something to drink. The boys received permission to make their trip and were cautioned to be careful.
Once on Route 205, the boys rode, for the most part, on the right hand edge of the paved road between the outside painted strip and the edge of the paved portion of the road. However, just prior to the collision, Endicott was telling Staples about a fish he had caught which broke his fishing pole. As Endicott related the story, he slowed his pace and Staples came up beside him. As a result, immediately before the collision, the boys were riding side by side with Endicott on the inside and Staples on the outside; both boys were on the paved surface. Prior to the accident, no cars had passed Endicott from the rear and Endicott was unaware that Rich's car was approaching from behind.
Rich saw Endicott and Staples when the boys were about one-half mile in front of her. She recognized that she was looking at two boys riding bicycles on her side of the road yet she could not determine whether they were riding towards her or away from her. Indeed, she testified that until the collision she was not sure in which direction the boys were riding. Rich could see that the boys were talking to each other because, according to Rich, their heads were together as they rode. However, as she approached the boys from the rear, she did not sound her horn. She simply took her foot off the gas pedal which, in her words, caused her car to slow down "automatically."
Next, she attempted to pass the boys by crossing the center line and going partially into the opposite lane. As Rich attempted to pass, Endicott looked up, saw the car and attempted to get to a position of safety by riding as quickly as he could towards the opposite side of the highway. Rich struck the back wheel of Endicott's bicycle in Endicott's lane. At the time of the collision, Rich's car was more in Endicott's lane than in the opposite lane.
Endicott contends that reasonable men could differ as to whether Rich breached any one of several duties owed Endicott as Rich approached the two boys from the rear. According to Endicott, Rich failed to maintain a proper lookout or to take advantage of what a proper lookout would have disclosed; failed to increase her vigilance and to act upon the assumption that the two boys might not operate their bicycles in a careful manner; and failed to keep her vehicle under control and to operate it at a speed governed by the circumstances.
In our view, the evidence raises a jury question as to whether Rich kept a proper lookout or took advantage of what a proper lookout would have disclosed. See Neal v. Spencer, 181 Va. 668, 26 S.E.2d 70 (1943). Though the boys were in Rich's view for one-half mile as she approached them and though she could see that they were boys and that they were talking, she never determined that their backs were to her and that Endicott was unaware of her approach. The direction in which the boys were riding should have been important to Rich. If they were riding towards her she might have expected them to see her. However, if their backs were to her she should have known that there was a chance they were unaware of her presence. Additionally, had the case gone to the jury, the jury might have believed that if Rich could have observed that the riders were two boys and that they were engaged in conversation, then she should have observed that they were unaware of her presence.
We are of the further opinion that there was evidence from which the trier of fact could have concluded that Rich did not increase her vigilance and did not act upon the assumption that the boys might not operate their bicycles in a careful manner. In Coward v. Taylor, Adm'r, 197 Va. 188, 89 S.E.2d 40 (1955), we wrote as follows about the duty that rests upon a motorist who sees a child in the road:
Where the driver of a motor vehicle sees, or should see, a child in or near a street or highway he must exercise that degree of care not to injure it that a person of ordinary prudence would exercise under similar circumstances, taking into consideration what is common knowledge -- that the actions of children are erratic and unpredictable and that a child may act thoughtlessly and upon childish impulses. Boyd v. Brown, 192 Va. 702, 66 S.E. (2d) 559; Williams v. Blue Bird Cab Co., 189 Va. 402, 52 S.E. (2d) 868; Clark v. Hodges, 185 Va. 431, 39 S.E. (2d) 252.
While the driver of a motor vehicle is not an insurer of the safety of children he may encounter upon the streets and highways, his duty toward them is not measured by the standards applicable to adults. Since children are presumed to lack the knowledge and experience to know the essential danger or to estimate correctly the probable consequences of their acts in a given situation, the duty of reasonable care required of the driver of a motor vehicle toward them is commensurate with the danger and probability of injury under the circumstances. 197 Va. at 191, 89 S.E.2d at 42 (emphasis added). In this case, Rich knew she was driving towards two boys on bicycles who were engaged in conversation. She should have known that they might be unaware of her approach and that they might either move from their position of relative safety at the edge of the road or be startled to be overtaken by a fast moving car.Despite what she observed, Rich did not apply her brakes; she simply took her foot off the accelerator. Moreover, she did nothing, such as sounding her horn, to warn the boys of her approach. Rich had the duty to approach the boys with care appropriate to the circumstances. In Edgerton v. Norfolk Sou. Bus Corp., 187 Va. 642, 655, 47 S.E.2d 409, 416 (1948) (quoting Morris v. Peyton, 148 Va. 812, 822, 139 S.E. 500, 503 (1927)), a case in which a twelve-year-old boy was struck and killed by a bus, we said that "'[t]he law recognizes the fact that children act upon childish instincts and impulses and requires those charged with the duty of care and caution toward them to calculate upon this and take precaution accordingly.'" There was ample evidence from which the trier of fact could have concluded that Rich failed to meet the duty imposed on her under the circumstances. *
* Endicott has raised a separate issue concerning a duty on Rich to sound her horn. Endicott argues that this duty either arises by operation of statute or through the application of common law principles. We need not resolve that specific issue to dispose of this appeal because we are of the view that whether Rich should have warned the boys of her approach either by sounding her horn or some other method is subsumed in the larger question whether she failed to increase her vigilance and to act upon the assumption that the boys might not be careful.
We are also convinced that there was evidence from which the trier of fact could have concluded that Rich did not have her car properly under control when she attempted to pass the two boys. In Ball v. Witten, 155 Va. 40, 154 S.E. 547 (1930), we discussed the question of maintaining control over an automobile where children are present. In Ball, the defendant encountered a group of children walking in the road. Defendant sounded his horn, applied his brakes, and reduced his speed to between fifteen and eighteen miles per hour. Children ran to both sides of the road so that defendant had to drive between them in order to pass. As he did this, one child darted in front of his car and was killed. Defendant received a jury verdict in his favor. We reversed. We wrote as follows on the issue of the defendant's duty to control his vehicle:
Under the surroundings then existing, if the defendant desired to pass between the children when the space between them was thirteen to fifteen feet, his obvious duty was, on approaching them, to bring his automobile under complete control and to exercise the care the danger of the situation demanded. Knowing, a sufficient interval in advance, that the children were of immature minds and could not take care of themselves; that they would likely commit some irresponsible act and that they were in a perilous position, he should have proceeded with his automobile under such control that if necessary to avoid injury, he could have brought it to a stop. If stopping was the only effectual means he had at his disposal to avoid the injury, then he should have exercised that means. Id. at 47, 154 S.E. at 549 (emphasis added). Similarly, in Transit Company v. Brickhouse, Adm'r, 200 Va. 844, 108 S.E.2d 385 (1959) (reversed and remanded on other grounds), where a thirteen-year-old boy on a bicycle was struck and killed by a bus, we said the following:
[I]t was proper to submit to the jury the question of whether or not the bus driver in the exercise of reasonable care should have seen the boy so riding in front of him in time to have brought his bus under such control as to be able to slow down or stop if necessary to guard against the uncertain movements of a young boy on a bicycle. Id. at 847, 108 S.E.2d at 387 (emphasis added) (citations omitted).
In the instant case, Rich attempted to pass two boys on bicycles who had their backs to her and who were obviously engaged in conversation. She was driving at 50 miles per hour. At such a speed there was little she could do if one of the boys darted in front of her car. There was sufficient evidence to permit the trier of fact to conclude that Rich did not have her car under control.
There was clearly enough evidence in the case to submit it to the trier of fact on the question of Rich's negligence. We hold, therefore, that the trial court erred in ruling as a matter of law that Rich was not negligent.
We turn now to the question whether the evidence developed in Endicott's case established that he was contributorially negligent as a matter of law. The evidence on this issue was that at the time of the collision, Endicott was three months shy of turning fourteen; he was an experienced bicyclist having ridden a bicycle since he was four years old; he knew it was dangerous to ride a bicycle on Route 205; he had been warned by his parents on a prior occasion to be careful on Route 205; he was warned to be careful by Staple's father just before the boys left for the store; he knew that being careful meant riding on the edge of the road; and he knew that riding a bicycle on the hard-surface portion of Route 205 was dangerous.
In order to establish that Endicott was contributorially negligent, Rich had to meet two independent burdens of proof. This is so because, at the time of the collision, Endicott was only thirteen years old and was presumed incapable of negligence. See Grant v. Mays, 204 Va. 41, 129 S.E.2d 10 (1963). Consequently, Rich first had to rebut the presumption that Endicott was incapable of negligence. Only then would Rich be in a position to attempt to meet her next burden of proving that Endicott's conduct at the time of the collision amounted to contributory negligence. Despite this double-barreled burden resting upon Rich and despite the fact that the only evidence before the Court was adduced in Endicott's case, the trial court concluded as a matter of law that Endicott was contributorially negligent. In our opinion, this was error.
In order to rebut the presumption that Endicott was incapable of negligence, Rich was required to establish that in light of Endicott's age, intelligence, and experience, Endicott was capable of understanding and appreciating the nature of the danger and the peril associated with his conduct. See Norfolk & Portsmouth Railroad v. Barker, 221 Va. 924, 275 S.E.2d 613 (1981). Rich relies heavily on Barker in arguing that Endicott was contributorially negligent as a matter of law. Barker involved a ten-year-old boy who was injured while attempting to jump onto a moving train. The evidence was that the child had been jumping on trains for several years and that he knew jumping on trains was dangerous.
Barker is inapposite to the present case. There, the conduct that resulted in the injury was attempting to jump on a train. There, the child admitted knowing that the very conduct which led to the injury was dangerous. Here, however, Rich appears to argue that because Endicott had been warned and admitted knowing that it was dangerous to ride a bicycle along Route 205 he was contributorially negligent as a matter of law. When analyzed closely, it is plain that Rich's argument is without merit.
The conduct which Rich says contributed to this accident was not that of riding on Route 205. Rich stated that had the boys ridden along the edge of the road there would not have been an accident. Indeed, according to Rich, even if Endicott had remained where he was on the paved portion of the road, at the time she attempted to pass, the accident would not have happened. The conduct Rich complains of is that Endicott "swerved in front of" her car. Rich said he attempted to cross to the other side of the road to avoid the collision. In order to prove Endicott's capacity, Rich was required to prove that in light of his age, intelligence, and experience, Endicott was capable of understanding and appreciating that it was dangerous for him to attempt to avoid a collision with a car approaching from his rear by riding his bicycle to the other side of the road. There is no proof in Endicott's case that he was capable of understanding that the choice he made to avoid the accident was a dangerous choice. On the contrary, the choice Endicott made goes far to show why the presumption exists. He made a childish decision to go to the opposite side of the road instead of to the side closer to him. Interestingly, his twelve-year-old companion made the same decision.
We hold that the trial court erred in ruling as a matter of law that Endicott was contributorially negligent. Therefore, we will reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand the case for retrial.
Reversed and remanded.
Reversed and remanded.$89:#GGG#
POFF
POFF, J., dissenting.
I dissent. Applying the rules and rationale in Norfolk & Portsmouth Railroad v. Barker, 221 Va. 924, 275 S.E.2d 613 (1981), I would affirm the trial court's holding that Endicott was guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
What TE alliance will be first to strike?
Just a prediction of what alliance you believe will strike first in TE? Who will lay out the first declaration of war?
Obviously don't be a fool and give away valuable information that might endanger your alliance, PM me that info to me instead. Much fewer people will see it. XD
Any rivalry or grudges from last round that might pop back up?
I just got back to CN over a month ago and I am relearning TE politics so I have no opinion on this subject.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Risk of recurrence after treatment of early breast cancer with skin-sparing mastectomy.
Skin-sparing mastectomy, combined with immediate breast reconstruction, has become increasingly popular. However, there are no published long-term data to support its oncologic safety. Our purpose was to evaluate the long-term oncologic risk of skin-sparing mastectomy. The records of all patients who had undergone treatment of T1 or T2 breast cancer by mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction, and who were followed for at least 5 years or developed recurrence of disease before that time were reviewed. Local and distant recurrence rates observed in patients treated by skin-sparing mastectomy were compared with those in patients treated by conventional, non-skin-sparing mastectomy. A total of 104 patients were treated with skin-sparing mastectomies. In that group, 6.7% developed local recurrences, 12.5% developed distant metastases, 88.5% remained free of disease, and 7.7% died of their disease. Among the 27 patients who did not have skin-sparing mastectomies. 7.4% had local recurrences, 25.9% had distant metastases, 74.1% remained free of disease, and 18.5% died of disease. These recurrence rates are similar to those reported elsewhere after treatment with conventional mastectomy and without reconstruction. Our findings suggest that skin-sparing mastectomy does not significantly increase the risk of local or systemic disease recurrence in patients with early breast cancer.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Q:
Красиво и эффективно проанализировать массив
Моя задача в принципе решена, но мне не нравится каким способом.
Есть массив длины > 0 (пусть там будут разные числа int для простоты, не сортированы). Метод должен вернуть true, если в массиве присутствуют только 2 группы чисел и размеры этих групп равны либо отличаются на 1. Примеры, возвращающие true: [3,3,5,5] - 2 группы: 3 и 5 - все по 2шт; или [8,8,8,8,2,2,2] - 2 группы: 8-4шт и 2-3шт.
Пример для false: [1,2,3,1,3] - больше чем 2 группы чисел
Без стримов! Остальное можно - стандартные средства джавы.
Пока решение мое такое:
public boolean satisfiedBy(int[] mainCards) {
Map<Integer, Integer> rankFrequencies = new TreeMap<>();
for (int rank : mainCards) {
Integer count = rankFrequencies.get(rank);
if (count == null)
count = 0;
rankFrequencies.put(rank, count + 1);
// check if there is no more than 2 groups
if (rankFrequencies.size() > 2)
return false;
}
if (rankFrequencies.size() != 2)
return false;
// check if two groups's sizes differs no more than by 1
Object[] entries = rankFrequencies.entrySet().toArray();
if (Math.abs(((Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>) entries[0]).getValue() - ((Entry<Integer, Integer>) entries[1]).getValue()) > 1)
return false;
return true;
}
Не нравится Object[] entries = rankFrequencies.entrySet().toArray();
и его приведение к нужному типу:
if (Math.abs(((Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>) entries[0]).getValue() - ((Entry<Integer, Integer>) entries[1]).getValue()) > 1)
A:
Мне кажется, что наиболее производительный способ выглядит так:
обозначим за array[0] первый элемент массива
находим любой элемент x, не равный array[0]
проверяем, что каждый элемент массива равен либо x, либо array[0]
считаем число вхождений элементов x и array[0]
проверяем, что они различаются не более чем на один
Вариант с одним проходом по массиву (проверка на Ideone):
public static boolean satisfiedBy(int[] array) {
Integer anotherValue = null;
int numberOccurrencesOfFirstElement = 0;
for (int value : array) {
if (value == array[0]) {
++numberOccurrencesOfFirstElement;
} else if (anotherValue != null && anotherValue != value) {
return false;
} else {
anotherValue = value;
}
}
return anotherValue != null && Math.abs(array.length - numberOccurrencesOfFirstElement * 2) <= 1;
}
Чуть более читаемый вариант с двумя проходами по массиву (проверка на Ideone):
public static boolean satisfiedBy(int[] array) {
int element0 = array[0];
Integer element1 = null;
for (int value : array)
if (value != element0)
element1 = value;
if (element1 == null)
return false;
int count0 = 0;
int count1 = 0;
for (int value : array) {
count0 += value == element0 ? 1 : 0;
count1 += value == element1 ? 1 : 0;
}
return count0 + count1 == array.length && Math.abs(count0 - count1) <= 1;
}
A:
Давно с джавой не работал, потому эдакий java-псевдокод
Map<Int, Int> out = new HashMap<>();
for (int value : array) {
out.put(value, out.get(value) == null ? 1 : out.get(value) + 1);
if( out.size() > 2 ) return false;
}
return Math.abs((out.get(out.keySet.toArray[0]) - out.get(out.keySet.toArray[1]))) < 2;
UPD Сначала написал ответ, а потом внимательно вопрос прочитал. :) Как видите, решение практически полностью совпадает, за исключением некоторых нюансов. Решил не удалять, потому как вдруг чем-то да поможет код улучшить
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
This past weekend, Victoria Highlanders FC hosted Portland Timbers U-23 at Centennial Stadium. It was wet and dreary throughout the match, with the 1st eight rows of the covered bleachers drenched in rain while roughly 100 guests watched the match play out. With fans having given up on Highlander’s promise to make jerseys available for purchase online this season, those in attendance continued to hope for a reason to remain optimistic about the team’s chances for the remainder of the Premier Development League season.
With a couple new signings going into the match, it was widely hoped that the team’s winless streak would come to an end. Highlanders were quickly on the defensive as Timbers U-23 immediately took control of the match. Portland consistently challenged for the ball, and was able to complete passes regularly. Victoria, in contrast, seemed content to let Portland take command, presumably hoping to have breakthroughs on the counterattack and benefit from errors. In the 25th minute, that’s how scoring opened up. A good cross from Andrew Ofosu was intercepted in the box by Portland’s defense, but the attempted clearance went directly to Owen Pearce who sailed it right past the keeper, Jordan Farr. Despite a vast difference in possession, Highlanders led, 1-0, at half-time.
As the second half kicked off, Portland was swiftly on the offensive. The Highlanders found their 4-4-2 formation soundly bypassed as Francesco Amorosino opened up the scoring for Portland in the 47th with a header past Simon Norgrove. It only took a few more minutes for the formation to disappear as the team seemed to have a lot of trouble putting guys across the pitch and clumped toward the defense. They did seem to have 1 or 2 players taking some time in the midfield, so if I had to label the formation, it would be a pretty ineffectual 6-2-2, which is still an improvement from the 8-0-2 that failed them in their previous match. With Portland continuing to dominate the possession, it is pretty amazing that the visitors only managed 6 shots over the course of the match.
As Victoria tried to hold out for the draw, Portland continued their offensive. In the 87th minute, several attempts by Portland would be stopped by Highlander’s 6-man defensive unit, before an unlucky bounce found William Spurr in the clear. Spurr spun the ball toward the net and bounced it off the post and in to give Portland the game-winning-goal. Victoria would have a couple chances as the game wound down, but they were unable to finish.
Highlanders have a double-header against TSS FC Rovers on June 23rd & 25th, kicking off the Juan de Fuca Plate competition. With Highlanders ranked above last-place Rovers due to goal-differential, it is entirely possible that the Plate may be making its way back across the Salish Sea to the mainland. It will definitely be a scrappy match between the two sides, and both the Lake Side Buoys & Swanguardians will be in attendance to cheer & jeer.
Like what you read? Become a Patron.
Shawn Gray Shawn Gray, father of two, has had a varied background, reflecting a life dedicated to learning and exploration. Having spent time living in 7 distinct cities of various sizes and character, Shawn adapts to his location and always aims to make the best of any situation. While in Ottawa, Shawn fell in love with Ottawa Fury FC, which led to him writing soccer-related articles for Northern Starting Eleven. A brief relocation to Victoria, British Columbia, gave him the opportunity to cheer on Victoria Highlanders FC. He stepped in to acquire NSXI in October 2016 and recruited additional authors from across the country to write about the soccer teams they love. Recently, Shawn returned to Greater Sudbury, Ontario. Employed as an Administrative Assistant, he continues to own & edit articles on the NSXI Network while cheering on his favourite teams from afar.
Share with a Friend Facebook
Twitter
Reddit
LinkedIn
WhatsApp
Telegram
Email
Like this: Like Loading...
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
This website uses cookies. We use technologies, such as cookies, to customise content and advertising, to provide social media features and to analyse traffic to the site (including the use of ad blockers). By continuing to use our website you consent to our Privacy and Cookie Policy. Read more
Nolan Goes Interstellar
Jonah writing Spielberg's sci-fi
Steven Spielberg has selected a screenwriter for his next foray into sci-fi, Interstellar, and it’s Jonathan Nolan, or Jonah, as he prefers to be called. Yes, that’s Chris’ brother, the guy who wrote the short story that became Memento, went on to co-adapt Christopher Priest’s The Prestige, and has recently wrapped up his part on the script for The Dark Knight.
Interstellar’s plot revolves around the concept of wormholes and the subsequent time travel that might be possible if one were to travel through them. It’s all informed by scientific theory, according to physicist and relativity expert Kip S. Thorne, who held a workshop at Caltech University that Spielberg decided to toddle along to.
It sounds like an idea ripe enough with enough scientific speculation to make it the next ‘serious’ sci-fi, coming hot on the heels of Danny Boyle’s Sunshine. Well, maybe not so hot – Spielberg’s schedule is pretty crowded at the moment, what with Indy 4 well on the front burner, and his intention to make his biopic of Lincoln after that. Still, it’ll give Nolan plenty of time to get his head around the concept, and he’s got The Chicago Fire to finish yet.
There’s no announcement of a shooting or release date, but given the speed with which Spielberg has been known to work, Interstellar could launch around mid 2009. We’ll keep you updated.
Incidentally Jonah, if you're reading this and would like your picture to accompany your representation in news stories, please feel free to send one along.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Early commitment to the eosinophil lineage by cultured human peripheral blood CD34+ cells: messenger RNA analysis.
Early hematopoietic progenitors expressing the CD34+ phenotype can be harvested from the peripheral blood of normal individuals. We have optimized the liquid culture of human CD34+ peripheral blood progenitors (PBPs) to achieve differentiation into a population of cells consisting almost entirely of eosinophil progenitors and maturing eosinophils. Growth of CD34+ PBPs for 28 days in the presence of the combination of IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-5 resulted in an almost 250-fold increase in cell number, yielding a population that contained 83% maturing eosinophils. The residual population consisted of basophils and mast cells (3% by acidic toluidine blue staining, 15.2% by flow cytometric assay for binding to high-affinity IgE receptor) and immature cells. This provides an opportunity to examine the kinetics of the acquisition of specialized mature eosinophil characteristics during eosinophil differentiation. Several host-defense and bioactive proteins are found almost exclusively in eosinophil granules. In addition, stimulated eosinophils, like neutrophils, produce copious amounts of toxic oxygen radicals. We used our culture system and the sensitive technique of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to analyze the kinetics of production of messenger RNA transcripts encoding several eosinophil proteins, including five eosinophil granule proteins and four subunit peptides of the superoxide-generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in small numbers of differentiating eosinophils from peripheral blood CD34+ cells. Freshly isolated CD34+ PBPs contained transcripts for the ubiquitously present housekeeping protein phosphoglucokinase but contained no eosinophil granule protein transcripts and barely detectable amounts of some oxidase protein transcripts. On day 3 of culture, no cells recognizable by histochemical staining as eosinophils could be detected, but transcripts for all five eosinophil granule proteins were present. These transcripts increased several fold during the entire culture period. Similar kinetics were seen for all but one of the NADPH oxidase protein transcripts. However, transcripts for the p67phox NADPH oxidase protein were not detected until day 7, and functional oxidase activity did not appear until day 12. From that point, oxidase activity increased dramatically over the culture period. These studies demonstrate that commitment of CD34+ PBPs to the eosinophil lineage occurs very early, by day 3, but that further events in differentiation must take place before the appearance of histologically staining eosinophil granules and acquisition of functional oxidase capacity.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Refine Search
...someone in the luxury SUV opened fire on a Maserati driven by an aspiring rapper.Kenneth Cherry's great aunt, PatriciaSims, of Oakland, Calif., told The Associated Press that Cherry's parents were flying to Las Vegas to claim their...
...loyalty, motivation and determination are truly inspiring. So again, thank you for displaying African-Americans in a positive light. We appreciate the media when coverage of us is fair, and we appreciate you for this story. PatriciaSims
...covers seven counties in Northeast Georgia - Clarke, Barrow, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Madison and Oglethorpe, said PatriciaSims, the program's regional coordinator. Beginning its third year this month, the group so far has made 115 mentor...
...Davis released four albums and leaves behind more than an album's worth of unreleased material. Davis' mother, PatriciaSims, was with Davis when he died from complications of bronchitis and asthma. He leaves behind three children, ages...
...respective mentees over the course of at least 12 months. Some mentors often decide to continue from year to year, said PatriciaSims, assistant director of Friends for Life. The pairs choose what activities they want to take part in. Some mentors...
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Welcome to Weird Science DC Comics, the DC Comics site for the common man and woman. We're not high falutin, just a bunch of dummies who love comics just like you...we just spend an insane amount of time working on this site for no pay. I told you...dummies! So, sit a spell and read our Reviews, News and Articles and if you are really brave, listen to the Weird Science DC Comics Podcast. We triple dog dare you!
Wednesday, August 26, 2015
The Flash #43 Review
Too Fast for Love
I have been very vocal about the Venditti/Jensen/Booth run on The Flash. In a nutshell, I love it. Sure, every story has it's ups and downs, but I have enjoyed almost every moment from Reverse Flash, Wally West and the Savage Lands of the Speed Force up to the current Professor Zoom arc. Speaking of that, I will admit that I was never a big Professor Zoom fan and if you are like me, have no fear. Why? Because this arc also features his Barry Allen hate club that I like to think of as the "New Rogues". They were introduced in the Flash Annual last month and I can't wait to see them go toe-to-toe with The Flash. Well, the wait is over because it all starts this month. Was it as good as I was hoping? Let's find out...
The issue starts with Zoom and his pupils in the middle of a pep talk. It's pretty much a reminder that they are indeed in Central City, but also of Zoom's modus operandi...he not only wants to kill Flash, but tear down the icon as well. We've heard it before, but it keeps bringing up the question...what did Barry do to piss Thawne off so much? Flashpoint perhaps?
We then catch up with my favorite character in this arc, Henry Allen. Barry's Father is still on the run with his ragtag group (minus Girder) since escaping from Iron Heights and now they face another obstacle...Barry Allen. It's not the typical father-son reunion, but it was still good to see...at first. They go back and forth about the positives and negatives of going back to prison and they seem to agree to disagree until Barry mentions meeting Zoom and then Henry goes nuts. He warns Barry to stay far away from this mysterious speedster, but you know sons and their hard-headed ways.
This part of the issue was my least favorite only because it fell a little flat for me. Barry and Henry haven't had any personal time in years and instead of taking advantage of it (though Barry does get in an overdue hug), they argue. It really felt forced and made the great bits with Henry before this come off as just setup for what comes later.
Before that, we drop in on Wally and Iris West. I mentioned before that Wally seemed to be packed away for future use, but the future is now. I'm so glad because I like Wally and this month we see he is doing pretty well. He's found a hobby to keep him out of trouble and it looks like an added bonus is Barry and Iris getting closer to being a couple. It's in the very, very early stages, but Barry shows her a badass side she never saw before. If I know the ladies (I don't), they eat that sort of thing up.
I mentioned that the Barry-Henry meeting didn't live up to expectations, but the Flash-Henry meeting was awesome. He stages a hostage situation to get the Flash to come to him and then drops the bombshell that we all knew but wanted to hear out loud...Eobard Thawne killed his Wife and is now after his son. He begs Flash to protect Barry for him and the whole scene was just awesome. The best thing is, it gets better. The issue ends with Barry meeting Block, Roscoe and the Folding Man. It is immediately obvious that the Flash is way over his head and in deep water. Deep Water!
This issue did a good job of taking care of loose ends so that we can go full in with Professor Zoom and his New Rogues (I'm sticking with it) versus the Flash. It's exciting to hear that Thawne is Nora's killer, but I can't get rid of that awful feeling that it doesn't matter for Henry. I wish that we got more than just the New Rogues as bookends in this issue, but the ending was great and I can't wait to see how Barry gets out of his current jam. Then he'll have to face Zoom and the entire team and that just sounds great. Scary, but great.
I can't say enough about this art team. Brett Booth is one of my favorite artists so maybe I'm biased, but I don't care. I love his pencils and panel layout and even in a book with more talk and less action, he still kicks ass. The others manage to kick mucho butt cheeks as well. Norm Rapmund's inks and Andrew Dalhouse's (with Wendy Broome this issue) colors are the perfect accent to Booth's art. This is the most vibrant looking book that DC puts out nowadays.
Bits and Pieces:
While I wanted more of the New Rogues, this month's issue of The Flash lines everything up and gets it all ready for the big battle. If it is anywhere near as cool as the initial fight, Barry is in big trouble and I can't wait to see it all go down.
Comics Podcast Network
We Be Geeks Network
Batman Podcast Network
Recent Comments
Rant & Rave Line
Want to be on the Podcast? Have a Rant and/or a Rave? Don't like Eric's Jerk off Voice? I guess that's a rant...call the Rant and Rave Line at (641) 715-3900 and enter extension 452328 to leave a message for the podcast. Don't forget about that pound sign!!!
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Biomass to liquid
Biomass to liquid (BtL or BMtL) is a multi-step process of producing synthetic hydrocarbon fuels made from biomass via a thermochemical route. Such a fuel has been called grassoline.
Main processes
According to a study done by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Department of Energy, the United States can produce at least 1.3 billion tons of cellulosic biomass each year without decreasing the amount of biomass needed for our food, animal feed, or exports.
Fischer–Tropsch process
The Fischer–Tropsch process is used to produce synfuels from gasified biomass. Carbonaceous material is gasified and the gas is processed to make purified syngas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen). The Fischer–Tropsch polymerizes syngas into diesel-range hydrocarbons. While biodiesel and bio-ethanol production so far only use parts of a plant, i.e. oil, sugar, starch or cellulose, BtL production can gasify and utilize the entire plant.
Flash pyrolysis
Flash pyrolysis—producing bio-oil (pyrolysis oil), char and gas at temperatures between 350–550 °C and residence times < 1 second (also called anhydrous pyrolysis).
Catalytic fast pyrolysis
Catalytic fast pyrolysis is a fast process in which the cellulose is broken down to a liquid biofuel. In this approach the cellulose is heated to 500 degrees Celsius in less than one second in a chamber to break apart the oxygen molecules. The catalyst forms chemical reactions that remove oxygen bonds and form carbon rings. After the reaction takes place gasoline is formed along with water, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.
AFEX treatment
The Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) pre-treat process, hot concentrated 15 M ammonia is used to break down sugar molecules, cellulose and hemicellulose significantly more efficiently than enzymes. After, the rapid pressure release cools and ends the treatment. The result is minor biomass degradation with high yields. The process was patented by Bruce Dale, Michigan State University professor. AFEX is generally done in one step, making it more efficient than other processes.
AFEX Process Conditions
Pressure: 20–30 atm
Temperature: 70–140 C
Residence time: 5–10 minutes
Ammonia: biomass loading: 0.3 – 2.0 to 1 w/w
Water: biomass content: 0.2 – 2.5 to 1 w/w
Catalytic depolymerization
Catalytic depolymerization is the use of heat and catalysts to separate usable diesel fuel from hydrocarbon wastes.
Regional Biomass Processing Center
Regional Biomass Processing Center is a conceptual place where the AFEX treated biomass can go to biorefineries, farms and forests, and animal feeders. This will improve the value of cellulosic biomass for animals and biofuel production. This will reduce the density of the biomass for easier transport, simplify contract issues, and increase the land use for biofuels
The process uses the whole plant to improve the carbon dioxide balance and increase yield.
Potential energy grasses
Plant material is cheaper than oil on both energy and mass basis and certain plant material have potential to be energy grasses.
Switchgrass
Switchgrass is a bunch grass native to North America that grow naturally under warm weather with wide adaptation capability and easy germination, allowing the switchgrass to grow quicker; however, it has a low relative yield compared to other energy crops
Sorghum
Sorghum are cultivated in warmer climates, mostly in the tropical regions. Sorghum has the potential to be an energy grass because it requires low water usage and can make a large yield. Sorghum, however, has an annual cultivation and is difficult to establish to an area and requires a lot of input from fertilizers and pesticides.
Miscanthus
Miscanthus are native to the tropical regions of Africa and Southern Asia. Miscanthus can grow up to 3.5 meters and has been trialed as a biofuel since the 1980s. The benefits of using miscanthus is it can live more than two years and requires low input eliminating the need for extra irrigation, fertilizer and pesticides. The problems with miscanthus arise from the time it takes to establish to an area.
Grassoline
Grassoline is a term coined in 1991 by Matthew Scoggins, a graduate student of Bruce Dale, to capture the idea of taking plant material and converting it into oil.
Cost of change
The cost for petroleum to change to grassoline would depend on how fast the use of grassoline grows. Change will also be needed in automobiles to be compatible with grassoline. UC Berkeley's Somerville (professor of alternative energy) estimates that a large investment over $325 billion will be needed to build biofactories that can produce the 65 billion gallons of biofuel needed to meet 2030 national goals.
See also
Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels
Bioenergy
Biofuel
Bioliquids
Biomass
Biomass gasification
Biomass heating systems
Bioproduct
Biorefinery
Coal to liquid
DMF fuel
Gas to liquid
Gasification
NExBTL—despite the name BtL, the feedstock is plant oil, not whole plants.
Non-food crops
Renewable energy
Sustainable energy
Synthetic fuel
Thermal depolymerization
Vegetable oil refining
Wood fuel
References
External links
EUROBIOREF : European Multilevel Integrated Biorefinery Design for Sustainable Biomass Processing
SWAFEA : Sustainable Way for Alternative Fuels and Energy for Aviation
"Synthetic Diesel May Play a Significant Role as Renewable Fuel in Germany" at USDA FAS website
Enzymatic Hydrolysis at DOE EERE website
NSF article on the work of Huber and others towards plant based fuel
Category:Biomass
Category:Synthetic fuel technologies
Category:Fuel production
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Q:
Extract Text between two strings (Command Line)
I'm trying to extract song names from a json file from the Spotify API. The word "name" occurs for both artists and songs, and I'm trying to extract song names.
I tried using grep, but I'm not sure how to look for patterns of strings before and after the desired text (the song name). In this case, the song name is after "name", but before "popularity". In the case of artists' names, the name is after "name" and before "type".
How would I extract the text between the two words?
{
"tracks" : [ {
"album" : {
"album_type" : "album",
"artists" : [ {
"external_urls" : {
"spotify" : "https://open.spotify.com/artist/13ubrt8QOOCPljQ2FL1Kca"
},
"href" : "https://api.spotify.com/v1/artists/13ubrt8QOOCPljQ2FL1Kca",
"id" : "13ubrt8QOOCPljQ2FL1Kca",
"name" : "A$AP Rocky",
"type" : "artist",
"uri" : "spotify:artist:13ubrt8QOOCPljQ2FL1Kca"
} ],
"available_markets" : [ "AD", "AR", "AT", "AU", "BE", "BG", "BO", "BR", "CA", "CH", "CL", "CO", "CR", "CY", "CZ", "DE", "DK", "DO", "EC", "EE", "ES", "FI", "FR", "GB", "GR", "GT", "HK", "HN", "HU", "ID", "IE", "IS", "IT", "JP", "LI", "LT", "LU", "LV", "MC", "MT", "MX", "MY", "NI", "NL", "NO", "NZ", "PA", "PE", "PH", "PL", "PT", "PY", "SE", "SG", "SK", "SV", "TH", "TR", "TW", "US", "UY" ],
"external_urls" : {
"spotify" : "https://open.spotify.com/album/1E1eyI5uGllppJZCxNoF9w"
},
"href" : "https://api.spotify.com/v1/albums/1E1eyI5uGllppJZCxNoF9w",
"id" : "1E1eyI5uGllppJZCxNoF9w",
"images" : [ {
"height" : 640,
"url" : "https://i.scdn.co/image/b0dad68115b71ec6c81240eac982da7d14676e6d",
"width" : 640
}, {
"height" : 300,
"url" : "https://i.scdn.co/image/342fd8bf9219b2369394bc6adf57a69b3fecc0f7",
"width" : 300
}, {
"height" : 64,
"url" : "https://i.scdn.co/image/79d71b48c2fd180c7506a2db2e13ed0a7c8107a2",
"width" : 64
} ],
"name" : "LONG.LIVE.A$AP (Deluxe Version)",
"type" : "album",
"uri" : "spotify:album:1E1eyI5uGllppJZCxNoF9w"
},
"artists" : [ {
"external_urls" : {
"spotify" : "https://open.spotify.com/artist/13ubrt8QOOCPljQ2FL1Kca"
},
"href" : "https://api.spotify.com/v1/artists/13ubrt8QOOCPljQ2FL1Kca",
"id" : "13ubrt8QOOCPljQ2FL1Kca",
"name" : "A$AP Rocky",
"type" : "artist",
"uri" : "spotify:artist:13ubrt8QOOCPljQ2FL1Kca"
}, {
"external_urls" : {
"spotify" : "https://open.spotify.com/artist/3TVXtAsR1Inumwj472S9r4"
},
"href" : "https://api.spotify.com/v1/artists/3TVXtAsR1Inumwj472S9r4",
"id" : "3TVXtAsR1Inumwj472S9r4",
"name" : "Drake",
"type" : "artist",
"uri" : "spotify:artist:3TVXtAsR1Inumwj472S9r4"
}, {
"external_urls" : {
"spotify" : "https://open.spotify.com/artist/17lzZA2AlOHwCwFALHttmp"
},
"href" : "https://api.spotify.com/v1/artists/17lzZA2AlOHwCwFALHttmp",
"id" : "17lzZA2AlOHwCwFALHttmp",
"name" : "2 Chainz",
"type" : "artist",
"uri" : "spotify:artist:17lzZA2AlOHwCwFALHttmp"
}, {
"external_urls" : {
"spotify" : "https://open.spotify.com/artist/2YZyLoL8N0Wb9xBt1NhZWg"
},
"href" : "https://api.spotify.com/v1/artists/2YZyLoL8N0Wb9xBt1NhZWg",
"id" : "2YZyLoL8N0Wb9xBt1NhZWg",
"name" : "Kendrick Lamar",
"type" : "artist",
"uri" : "spotify:artist:2YZyLoL8N0Wb9xBt1NhZWg"
} ],
"available_markets" : [ "AD", "AR", "AT", "AU", "BE", "BG", "BO", "BR", "CA", "CH", "CL", "CO", "CR", "CY", "CZ", "DE", "DK", "DO", "EC", "EE", "ES", "FI", "FR", "GB", "GR", "GT", "HK", "HN", "HU", "ID", "IE", "IS", "IT", "JP", "LI", "LT", "LU", "LV", "MC", "MT", "MX", "MY", "NI", "NL", "NO", "NZ", "PA", "PE", "PH", "PL", "PT", "PY", "SE", "SG", "SK", "SV", "TH", "TR", "TW", "US", "UY" ],
"disc_number" : 1,
"duration_ms" : 233786,
"explicit" : true,
"external_ids" : {
"isrc" : "USRC11201220"
},
"external_urls" : {
"spotify" : "https://open.spotify.com/track/4XoP1AkbOurU9CeZ2rMEz2"
},
"href" : "https://api.spotify.com/v1/tracks/4XoP1AkbOurU9CeZ2rMEz2",
"id" : "4XoP1AkbOurU9CeZ2rMEz2",
"name" : "F**kin' Problems",
"popularity" : 80,
"preview_url" : "https://p.scdn.co/mp3-preview/1649b7c26c8bcfa8b252601cf428844cec9a8446?cid=8897482848704f2a8f8d7c79726a70d4",
"track_number" : 7,
"type" : "track",
"uri" : "spotify:track:4XoP1AkbOurU9CeZ2rMEz2"
}, {
A:
I guess with a little research you can find lots of solutions to your problem.
For instance if you always have the type of structure you quoted
grep name filename | cut -c15- | rev | cut -c 3- | rev
would work. You can probably find more neat and robust solutions but in your case this works.
EDIT
Given you new file you can use
grep name filename | rev | cut -c 3- | cut -f1 -d'"' | rev
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Prospective associations of vitamin D status with β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glycemia: the impact of parathyroid hormone status.
Previous studies have yielded conflicting findings on the relationship between low vitamin D (25-OH-D) and impaired glucose homeostasis. In this context, we hypothesized that combined assessment of 25-OH-D with its regulator parathyroid hormone (PTH) may be required for optimal evaluation of the impact of vitamin D status on glucose metabolism. Thus, we evaluated the prospective associations of 25-OH-D and PTH at 3 months postpartum with β-cell function (Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 [ISSI-2]), insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), and glycemia at 12 months postpartum in 494 women undergoing serial metabolic characterization. Notably, 32% of those with prediabetes/diabetes mellitus at 12 months postpartum had both vitamin D deficiency and PTH in the highest tertile at 3 months postpartum. On multiple-adjusted linear regression analyses, vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency with PTH in the highest tertile at 3 months independently predicted poorer β-cell function (P = 0.03) and insulin sensitivity (P = 0.01) and increased fasting (P = 0.03) and 2-h glucose (P = 0.002) at 12 months postpartum. In contrast, vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency with lower PTH did not predict these outcomes. In conclusion, only vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency with increased PTH is an independent predictor of β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and glycemia, highlighting the need for consideration of the PTH/25-OH-D axis when studying the impact of vitamin D status on glucose homeostasis.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
A critical response of the innate immune system to microbial infection is the ingestion, destruction and clearance of pathogens by activated phagocytic cells. Within their phagosomal compartments, macrophages generate an environment that is hostile to microbes via the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, the elaboration of proteases, acidification of the phagosomal lumen and the export of iron.1,2 Unlike iron, copper (Cu) is not essential for many pathogens, although it is an essential trace element for mammals. In fact, Cu has been used for over a century as a microbiocidal agent for the elimination of human and plant pathogens.3 Moreover, Cu is critical for normal innate immune cell function and Cu deficiency in mammals renders the host susceptible to microbial pathogens. It is well documented that Cu levels rise dramatically in the serum of mammals during infection/inflammation and Cu accumulates at sites of inflammation, underscoring a specialized role for Cu in innate immunity.4,5 Consistent with a microbiocidal role for Cu in macrophages, phagosomal Cu concentrations rise dramatically in activated macrophages in parallel with increased expression of the Ctrl plasma membrane Cu importer and the Atp7A Cu pump on the phagosomal membrane.6, 7 Moreover, studies in both prokaryotic and fungal pathogens demonstrate the requirement for the Cu homeostasis machinery in resistance to macrophage killing.7, 8 Together, these studies provide compelling evidence for a critical role of Cu in microbiocidal activity of the host, which is countered by the Cu homeostasis machinery of invading bacterial and fungal pathogens.
Biocidal properties of Cu have been documented since ancient Egyptians used it for water and wound sterilization in 2400 B.C.9 The Bordeaux mixture of copper sulfate and lime has been used since 1880 as a fungicide for grapes and other plants,3 while metallic Cu surfaces, which likely release Cu ions upon bacterial contact, may reduce contamination in hospitals.10-12 Metallic Cu, Cu salts, and Cu compounds continue to be used to control bacterial, fungal, and algal growth in agricultural and healthcare settings where microbes exist in the environment.3 The environment of pathogenic microbes, however, is ultimately the infected host, and while Cu and its complexes have been used for so long as environmental antimicrobials, no approach to date has been effective at using Cu to fight infection in a mammalian host. A challenge in this area is to discover ways to deliver or reallocate Cu selectively to the site of infection or inflammation.4
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Compare this with the response to the disaster in the Arab states, where the US is so routinely reviled. Some of the poorest among them, such as Jordan and Lebanon, have sent assistance, as have the United Arab Emirates and Qatar. But Saudi Arabia, one of the world's wealthiest nations, has managed to send just a letter of condolence. As for Syria, which never misses an opportunity to denounce the iniquities of the Great Satan, it appears to have sent nothing at all.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Our life is full of aspirations and struggles. We strive hard to set a balance between our goals and our fitness because without being healthy and fit, one can’t go long in achieving their dreams. Yoga can be a best fitness regime. Apart from being a set of physical exercises and postures; it also offers a spiritual connect of body and soul. It helps you achieve mental fitness and health both thus we can concentrate much on our work efficiently and as a result can lead a healthier as well as happier life. Yoga without yoga mats is implausible and we are committed to bring you with best in class yoga mats. We manufacture and design vivid range of mats to cater the needs of diverse customer base including men, women, kids and old age people.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
/*
* Copyright (c) 2013 The WebM project authors. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
* that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
* tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
* in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
* be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
*/
#ifndef VP9_ENCODER_VP9_AQ_360_H_
#define VP9_ENCODER_VP9_AQ_360_H_
#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encoder.h"
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
unsigned int vp9_360aq_segment_id(int mi_row, int mi_rows);
void vp9_360aq_frame_setup(VP9_COMP *cpi);
#ifdef __cplusplus
} // extern "C"
#endif
#endif // VP9_ENCODER_VP9_AQ_VARIANCE_H_
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec005}
============
Pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT), collectively referred as venous thromboembolism (VTE), are a leading causes of death and disability worldwide, affecting 10 millions of individuals annually \[[@pone.0214134.ref001]\]. PE is also the third cause of mortality from cardiovascular disease, after stroke and coronary artery disease \[[@pone.0214134.ref002]\]. In patients with acute VTE, anticoagulant therapy markedly decreases the risk of recurrence, at the cost of an increased incidence of bleeding. This risk is varying according to the presence of underlying risk factors and thus, should obviously be balanced with the increased risk of recurrence once anticoagulant therapy is discontinued. While time-limited therapy is recommended for patients with a provoked episode of VTE, extended therapy (no scheduled stop date) is recommended after a second episode of unprovoked VTE \[[@pone.0214134.ref003]\]. In contrast, recent guidelines recommend a tailored anticoagulation duration according to the risk of bleeding for patients with an intermediate risk of recurrence, such as after a first episode of unprovoked VTE for which the 5-year risk of recurrence is up to 30% without anticoagulation \[[@pone.0214134.ref004], [@pone.0214134.ref005]\].
Until recently, the main option for long-term anticoagulant therapy was vitamin-K antagonists (VKA) with a standard-adjusted dose (targeting an international normalized ratio (INR) between 2 and 3) \[[@pone.0214134.ref006]\]. In order to decrease the risk of treatment-related bleeding, studies evaluated a lower-intensity of anticoagulant therapy with VKA (INR between 1.5 and 2), but with disappointing results both in terms of efficacy and safety \[[@pone.0214134.ref007], [@pone.0214134.ref008]\]. Other studies confirmed that aspirin (ASA) in secondary prevention of VTE may be safer, but was associated with an increased risk of recurrence \[[@pone.0214134.ref009], [@pone.0214134.ref010]\]. More recently, the development of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) deeply modified the landscape of anticoagulant therapy for VTE. These compounds were shown to be non-inferior in preventing recurrent VTE, with potential improvement in safety compared to standard-dose VKA during the initial phase of anticoagulation \[[@pone.0214134.ref011]--[@pone.0214134.ref013]\]. Their pharmacological properties also allow fixed dosages without the need for biological monitoring. Similar to VKA, reduced dosages of apixaban and rivaroxaban were recently evaluated in the extended treatment of VTE with the aim of further improving their risk/benefit ratio \[[@pone.0214134.ref013], [@pone.0214134.ref014]\].
Unfortunately, there are limited direct comparisons between treatments, and many regimens were not evaluated using the same comparator. For example, low-dose apixaban was compared to placebo \[[@pone.0214134.ref013]\], whereas low-dose rivaroxaban was compared to ASA \[[@pone.0214134.ref014]\]. The absence of direct comparisons between the various treatment regimens thus limits the clinicians' capability to appropriately weight the risk/benefit ratio of the diverse treatments for extended anticoagulation following an acute VTE, especially for patients at intermediate risk of recurrence. We thus aimed to compare strategies based on anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs in a network meta-analysis of trials evaluating extended anticoagulant therapy for VTE.
Methods {#sec006}
=======
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the methodological guidelines for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials from «Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions» \[[@pone.0214134.ref015]\]. No ethics approval was needed.
Study objectives {#sec007}
----------------
The primary efficacy and safety objectives of the study were to compare the effects of VKA, DOAC (apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban) and antiplatelet drugs for the secondary prevention of VTE on the rate of symptomatic recurrent VTE and major bleeding (MB), respectively. Secondary objectives were to assess their effects on the net clinical benefit, a composite endpoint defined as recurrent VTE or MB, as well as on fatal VTE and fatal MB.
Data sources and searches {#sec008}
-------------------------
We updated the systematic review of Castellucci et al. \[[@pone.0214134.ref016]\], searching Pubmed and EMBASE using a modified search strategy up to September 30^th^ 2018 *(see online supplement)* using a filter for randomized controlled trials. Publications from potentially relevant journals were also searched by hand. There were no restrictions on language.
Outcomes measures {#sec009}
-----------------
The primary efficacy and safety outcome measures were recurrent VTE and MB episodes, respectively. Recurrent VTE was defined as an objectively confirmed occurrence of new DVT on ultrasound imaging, on venography or on the impedance plethysmography test, as well as a new PE suggested by a new high probability on ventilation/perfusion scanning, or a new filling defect on computed tomography or pulmonary angiography. A MB episode was defined according to International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis definition \[[@pone.0214134.ref017]\] and included fatal bleeding, bleeding in a critical area or organ, bleeding causing a fall in hemoglobin level of 20g/L or more, or leading to transfusion of two or more units of whole blood red cells. Secondary outcome measures included the net clinical benefit, as well as fatal recurrent VTE and MB episodes, defined as recurrent VTE or MB leading to death.
Study selection, quality assessment and data extraction {#sec010}
-------------------------------------------------------
Studies were independently selected and data were extracted by two reviewers (V.M. and S.J.) using a standardized data abstraction form. Studies were included in the systematic review if they met inclusion criteria defined a priori: 1) prospective enrolment of consecutive patients previously treated for a minimum of three months with anticoagulant treatment for an objectively confirmed, symptomatic DVT or PE; 2) patients randomized to receive an antiplatelet drug, a VKA or a DOAC versus placebo or observation; 3) report one of the outcomes of interest of the present systematic review. Studies recruiting patients with asymptomatic VTE were excluded. Studies' methodological quality was assessed using the risk of bias assessment tool from the Cochrane Handbook for randomized trials \[[@pone.0214134.ref018]\]. The reviewers assigned a low, high or unknown risk of bias for each category. A study was considered to have a high risk of bias or an unknown risk of bias if at least one category was with a high risk or an unknown risk of bias, respectively. Primary analyses were made on all retrieved studies. The two reviewers independently extracted information from all studies retained in the meta-analysis, including 1) the study design, 2) patient characteristics, 3) mean treatment effect on VTE and MB. Two by two tables were constructed based on treatment received and available data for the primary and secondary outcomes. Only outcomes occurring during the time period that patients were receiving study drugs, placebo, or observation were included in the analysis. Disagreements were resolved by consensus.
Statistical analysis {#sec011}
--------------------
Frequentist network meta-analysis and direct pairwise meta-analysis were conducted for all outcomes to compute relative risk (RR) and their 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Network meta-analysis combine direct (pairwise) and indirect comparisons for the same outcome, allowing estimation of the relative effectiveness among all interventions and rank ordering of the interventions. For a given comparison (e.g. VKA versus placebo), direct evidence is provided by trials that compare these drugs directly. Indirect evidence for VKA versus placebo can be provided by synthetizing studies that compared VKA versus aspirin and placebo versus aspirin. Network meta-analysis combines both direct and indirect evidence across a network of studies into a single effect size for a given medical condition. This method is similar to electrical network, where variance corresponds to resistance, treatment to voltage, and weighted treatment effects to current flows \[[@pone.0214134.ref019]\]. We assessed available studies and patient characteristics to ensure similarity and to investigate the potential effect of heterogeneity on effect estimates. Placebo and observation were combined within the evidence network \[[@pone.0214134.ref016]\]. We used adjusted continuity corrections of 0.5 to studies with no event \[[@pone.0214134.ref020]\]. Comparisons with zero events in each study arms were not considered in network meta-analysis. I^2^ statistic was used to assess between study heterogeneity and was considered high at I^2^\>50%. Fixed-effect model was used in regard to negligible or moderate heterogeneity (i.e. I^2^ \<50% for all outcomes, range 0--24%). We then calculated the probability that each drug had the most efficacious regimen by the p-score, which can be considered as a frequentist analogue of the surface under the cumulative ranking curve for Bayesian approach \[[@pone.0214134.ref021]\].
We systematically tested the presence of significant interaction between the estimate of treatment effects derived from direct and indirect meta-analysis. A sensitivity analysis was planned a priori, adding drugs are not commercialized for the treatment of VTE (ximelagatran, idraparinux and sulodexide) from the evidence network. The pooled prevalence of events and its 95%CI was estimated using the arcsine transformation. All analyses were performed using R (netmeta package version 0.9--5 for treatment comparison, meta package version 4.8--2 for pooled prevalence, R Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).
Results {#sec012}
=======
Study selection and characteristics of included randomized controlled trials {#sec013}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The primary reviewers included 18 independent trials that contributed to 17 separate publications \[[@pone.0214134.ref007]--[@pone.0214134.ref009], [@pone.0214134.ref011]--[@pone.0214134.ref014], [@pone.0214134.ref022]--[@pone.0214134.ref031]\], representing 18,221 patients (median sample size of 678). The reasons for excluding studies appear in **[Fig 1](#pone.0214134.g001){ref-type="fig"}**. Patients and study characteristics are shown in **[Table 1](#pone.0214134.t001){ref-type="table"}**. Number of events for each main outcome are reported in **[S1 Table](#pone.0214134.s003){ref-type="supplementary-material"}**. Ten studies recruited patients with unprovoked VTE only \[[@pone.0214134.ref007]--[@pone.0214134.ref009], [@pone.0214134.ref022], [@pone.0214134.ref023], [@pone.0214134.ref025]--[@pone.0214134.ref027], [@pone.0214134.ref030], [@pone.0214134.ref031]\], whereas the proportion of unprovoked VTE was 64±4% (range 41--92%) and unknown in seven \[[@pone.0214134.ref011]--[@pone.0214134.ref014], [@pone.0214134.ref024], [@pone.0214134.ref029]\] and in one \[[@pone.0214134.ref028]\] study, respectively. Acute PE represented 33±31% (range 0 to 100%) of index events. Underlying cancers were unusual. Trials assessed the effects of VKA (n = 8) \[[@pone.0214134.ref007], [@pone.0214134.ref008], [@pone.0214134.ref022]--[@pone.0214134.ref027]\], DOAC (n = 6) \[[@pone.0214134.ref011]--[@pone.0214134.ref014], [@pone.0214134.ref028]\], ASA (n = 2) \[[@pone.0214134.ref009], [@pone.0214134.ref030]\], idraparinux (n = 1) \[[@pone.0214134.ref029]\] and sulodexide (n = 1) \[[@pone.0214134.ref031]\] against standard treatments (VKA or ASA) or placebo/observation (**[Fig 2](#pone.0214134.g002){ref-type="fig"}**). The mean follow-up duration was 24±11 months. Overall, included trials were generally at low risk of bias (**[S2 Table](#pone.0214134.s004){ref-type="supplementary-material"}**). Although independent, blinded outcome assessments were described for all trials, lack of blinding was noted for four trials of them \[[@pone.0214134.ref023], [@pone.0214134.ref024], [@pone.0214134.ref026], [@pone.0214134.ref027]\], whereas allocation concealment also was not reported in one study \[[@pone.0214134.ref026]\].
{#pone.0214134.g001}
{#pone.0214134.g002}
10.1371/journal.pone.0214134.t001
###### Baseline characteristics and results of included trials.
{#pone.0214134.t001g}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Study (Patients) Design Initial therapy before randomization Interventions groups Number of patients Mean treatment duration (months) [^a^](#t001fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} Mean follow-up (months) [^a^](#t001fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} Mean age (years) Men (%) PE as index event (%) Unprovoked VTE (%) Cancer at randomization\
(%)
----------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------- -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kearon 1999\[[@pone.0214134.ref022]\]\ Double blind, randomized UH or LMWH, followed by VKA for 3 months Placebo 83 24[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"}^,^ [^c^](#t001fn003){ref-type="table-fn"} 9 58 53 27 100 0[^d^](#t001fn004){ref-type="table-fn"}
(all VTE)
VKA\ 79 24[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"}^,^ [^c^](#t001fn003){ref-type="table-fn"} 12 59 68 24 100 0[^d^](#t001fn004){ref-type="table-fn"}
(INR 2.0--3.0)
Agnelli 2001\[[@pone.0214134.ref023]\]\ Open label, randomized UH or LMWH, followed by VKA for 3 months Observation 133 9 37 68 61 0 100 0[^e^](#t001fn005){ref-type="table-fn"}
(DVT only)
VKA\ 134 9 38 67 55 0 100 0[^e^](#t001fn005){ref-type="table-fn"}
(INR 2.0--3.0)
Agnelli 2003\[[@pone.0214134.ref024]\]\ Open label, randomized VKA for 3 months Observation 161 3 vs 9[^f^](#t001fn006){ref-type="table-fn"} 33 61 42 100 57 0[^e^](#t001fn005){ref-type="table-fn"}
(PE only)
VKA\ 165 3 vs 9[^f^](#t001fn006){ref-type="table-fn"} 35 63 39 100 56 0[^e^](#t001fn005){ref-type="table-fn"}
(INR 2.0--3.0)
Couturaud 2015\[[@pone.0214134.ref025]\]\ Double blind, randomized VKA for 6 months Placebo 187 18 23[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"} 57 55 100 100 3.2[^h^](#t001fn008){ref-type="table-fn"}
(PE only)
VKA\ 184 18 23[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"} 59 42 100 100 4.3[^h^](#t001fn008){ref-type="table-fn"}
(INR 2.0--3.0)
Eischer 2009\[[@pone.0214134.ref026]\]\ Open label, randomized UH or LMWH, followed by VKA for 6 months Observation 17 24 37[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"}^,^ [^j^](#t001fn010){ref-type="table-fn"} 54 35 35 100 0[^e^](#t001fn005){ref-type="table-fn"}
(all VTE)[^i^](#t001fn009){ref-type="table-fn"}
VKA\ 17 24 37[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"}^,^ [^j^](#t001fn010){ref-type="table-fn"} 53 29 47 100 0[^e^](#t001fn005){ref-type="table-fn"}
(INR 2.0--3.0)
Palareti 2006\[[@pone.0214134.ref027]\]\ Open label, randomized VKA Observation 122[^l^](#t001fn012){ref-type="table-fn"} 18 17 68 42 39 100 0[^e^](#t001fn005){ref-type="table-fn"}
(all VTE)[^k^](#t001fn011){ref-type="table-fn"}
VKA\ 105[^l^](#t001fn012){ref-type="table-fn"} 18 17 70 53 35 100 0[^e^](#t001fn005){ref-type="table-fn"}
(INR 2.0--3.0)
Kearon 2003\[[@pone.0214134.ref007]\] (all VTE) Double blind, randomized VKA for 3 months VKA\ 369 26 29 57 53 38 100 0[^m^](#t001fn013){ref-type="table-fn"}
(INR 2.0--3.0)
VKA\ 369 25 29 57 57 32 100 0[^m^](#t001fn013){ref-type="table-fn"}
(INR 1.5--1.9)
Ridker 2003\[[@pone.0214134.ref008]\] (all VTE) Double blind, randomized VKA for 3 months Placebo 253 25[^n^](#t001fn014){ref-type="table-fn"} 25 53[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"}^,^ [^o^](#t001fn015){ref-type="table-fn"} 53 NR 100 NR[^p^](#t001fn016){ref-type="table-fn"}
VKA\ 255 25[^n^](#t001fn014){ref-type="table-fn"} 25 53[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"}^,^ [^o^](#t001fn015){ref-type="table-fn"} 53 NR 100 NR[^p^](#t001fn016){ref-type="table-fn"}
(INR 1.5--2.0)
Schulman 2003\[[@pone.0214134.ref028]\]\ Double blind, randomized Anticoagulant therapy for 6 months Placebo 616[^q^](#t001fn017){ref-type="table-fn"} 17 19[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 58 51 36 NR 5
(all VTE)
Ximelagatran 24mg BID 617[^q^](#t001fn017){ref-type="table-fn"} 17 19[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 56 54 33 NR 6
Schulman 2013\[[@pone.0214134.ref011]\] (all VTE) Double blind, randomized Approved anticoagulant or dabigatran[^r^](#t001fn018){ref-type="table-fn"} for 6--18 months Placebo 668[^s^](#t001fn019){ref-type="table-fn"} 6 18[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 56 55 32 84[^t^](#t001fn020){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.3[^u^](#t001fn021){ref-type="table-fn"}^,^ [^v^](#t001fn022){ref-type="table-fn"}
Dabigatran 150mg BID 685[^s^](#t001fn019){ref-type="table-fn"} 6 18[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 56 56 34 79[^t^](#t001fn020){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.1[^u^](#t001fn021){ref-type="table-fn"}^,^[^v^](#t001fn022){ref-type="table-fn"}
Schulman 2013\[[@pone.0214134.ref011]\] (all VTE) Double blind, randomized Approved anticoagulant or dabigatran[^r^](#t001fn018){ref-type="table-fn"} for 3--12 months VKA\ 1431[^w^](#t001fn023){ref-type="table-fn"} 18[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"}^,^ [^x^](#t001fn024){ref-type="table-fn"} 36[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 54 61 35 70 4.1
(INR 2.0--3.0)
Dabigatran 150mg BID 1435[^w^](#t001fn023){ref-type="table-fn"} 18[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"}^,^ [^x^](#t001fn024){ref-type="table-fn"} 36[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 55 61 34 71 4.2
Einstein Investigators 2010\[[@pone.0214134.ref012]\] (all VTE) Double blind, randomized VKA or rivaroxaban[^y^](#t001fn025){ref-type="table-fn"} for 6--12 months Placebo 595[^z^](#t001fn026){ref-type="table-fn"} 6 or 12\ 7 or 13[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 58 57 40 74 4.4
Rivaroxaban 20mg DIE 602[^z^](#t001fn026){ref-type="table-fn"} 6 or 12 7 or 13[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 58 59 36 73 4.7
Weitz 2017\[[@pone.0214134.ref014]\] (all VTE) Double blind, randomized VKA, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban or edoxaban for 6--12 months ASA 100mg DIE 1139[^aa^](#t001fn027){ref-type="table-fn"} 12[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"} 13[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 59 57 48 41 3.3
Rivaroxaban 10 mg DIE 1136[^aa^](#t001fn027){ref-type="table-fn"} 12[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"} 13[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 59 55 50 43 2.4
Rivaroxaban 20 mg DIE 1121[^aa^](#t001fn027){ref-type="table-fn"} 12[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"} 13[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 58 54 48 40 2.3
Agnelli 2013\[[@pone.0214134.ref013]\] (all VTE) Double blind, randomized VKA, apixaban, enoxaparin or warfarin[^ab^](#t001fn028){ref-type="table-fn"}\ Placebo 829[^ac^](#t001fn029){ref-type="table-fn"} 12 13[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 57 57 34 91 2.2
for 6--12 months
Apixaban 5mg BID 815[^ac^](#t001fn029){ref-type="table-fn"} 12 13[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 56 58 35 91 1.1
Apixaban 2.5mg BID 842[^ac^](#t001fn029){ref-type="table-fn"} 12 13[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 57 58 35 93 1.8
Van Gogh 2007\[[@pone.0214134.ref029]\]\ Double blind, randomized VKA or idraparinux[^ad^](#t001fn030){ref-type="table-fn"} for 6 months Placebo 621[^ae^](#t001fn031){ref-type="table-fn"} 6 9 to 12[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"}^,^ [^af^](#t001fn032){ref-type="table-fn"} 60 53 49 60 10.8
(all VTE)
Idraparinux 2.5mg s/c once weekly 594[^ae^](#t001fn031){ref-type="table-fn"} 6 9 to 12[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"}^,^ [^af^](#t001fn032){ref-type="table-fn"} 60 53 48 61 8.9
Becattini 2012\[[@pone.0214134.ref030]\] (all VTE) Double blind, randomized VKA for 6--18 months Placebo 198[^ag^](#t001fn033){ref-type="table-fn"} 24[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"} 24[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"} 62 62 34 100 NR[^e^](#t001fn005){ref-type="table-fn"}
ASA 100mg DIE 205[^ag^](#t001fn033){ref-type="table-fn"} 24[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"} 25[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"} 62 66 41 100 NR[^e^](#t001fn005){ref-type="table-fn"}
Brighton 2012\[[@pone.0214134.ref009]\] (all VTE) Double blind, randomized Heparin followed by VKA (or an effective alternative anticoagulant) for 1.5--24 months Placebo 411 27[^ah^](#t001fn034){ref-type="table-fn"} 37[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"} 54 54 43 100[^ai^](#t001fn035){ref-type="table-fn"} 2[^aj^](#t001fn036){ref-type="table-fn"}
ASA 100mg DIE 411 27[^ah^](#t001fn034){ref-type="table-fn"} 37[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"} 55 55 41 100[^ai^](#t001fn035){ref-type="table-fn"} 2[^aj^](#t001fn036){ref-type="table-fn"}
Andreozzi 2015\[[@pone.0214134.ref031]\] (all VTE) Double blind, randomized VKA for 3--12 months Placebo 309[^ak^](#t001fn037){ref-type="table-fn"} 24[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"} 24[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 56 50 8 100 NR[^al^](#t001fn038){ref-type="table-fn"}
Sulodexide 500 lipasemic units BID 308[^ak^](#t001fn037){ref-type="table-fn"} 24[^g^](#t001fn007){ref-type="table-fn"} 24[^b^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 56 57 8 100 NR[^al^](#t001fn038){ref-type="table-fn"}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
^a^Rounded up to the nearest unit
^b^Intended
^c^Actual mean duration: 10 months
^d^Excluded if cancer in the last five years
^e^Excluded if known cancer
^f^3 months for transient risk factor vs 9 months for idiopathic index event
^g^Median
^h^Previous cancer which resolved 2 years before randomization
^i^With FVIII levels \>230 IU/dL
^j^Mean follow-up: 37 months, but the extracted data was up to 24 months to uniform the data
^k^Abnormal d-dimer level 1 month after discontinuation of anticoagulation (received at least 3 months of VKA as initial treatment)
^l^103 in observation group and 120 in VKA group were included in the intention-to-treat analyses
^m^Excluded if active cancer within the last 2 years
^n^6.5 months was the median
^o^Inclusion criteria included to be 30 years old and up
^p^Excluded if history of metastatic cancer
^q^5 patients in each group were excluded from the intention-to-treat analyses because no data were available for them after randomization
^r^from RE-COVER or RE-COVER II
^s^662 in placebo group and 681 in dabigatran group were included in the modified intention-to-treat analyses
^t^Previous cancer excluded (6 in each group), 2 in placebo group and 1 in dabigatran group had active cancer and were included which violated the protocol
^u^Protocol violation
^v^5.6 in placebo group and 6.5 in dabigatran group had previous cancer
^w^1426 in VKA group and 1430 in dabigatran group were included in the modified intention-to treat analyses
^x^Extension of the planned treatment, resulting in a treatment period of 6 to 36 months
^y^VKA (from EINSTEIN studies or routine care) or rivaroxaban (from EINSTEIN studies)
^z^594 in placebo group and 602 in rivaroxaban group were included in the modified intention-to-treat analyses
^aa^1131 in ASA group, 1127 in rivaroxaban 10mg group and 1107 rivaroxaban 20mg group were included in the intention-to-treat analyses, because patients who were randomized were excluded from the intention-to-treat analyses if they didn't take any study medication
^ab^From AMPLIFY trial
^ac^829 in placebo group, 815 in apixaban 5 mg group and 842 in apixaban 2,5mg group were included in the intention-to-treat analyses
^ad^VKA (in previous Van Gogh studies or outside the studies) or idraparinux (in Van Gogh studies)
^ae^621 in placebo group and 594 in idraparinux group were included in the efficacy analyses and 616 in placebo group and 594 in idraparinux group were included in the safety analyses
^af^Data extracted during the 6 months treatment; ASA: aspirin
^ag^197 in placebo group and 205 in ASA group were included in the modified intention-to-treat analyses because they had received at least one done of the study drug
^ah^Intended treatment period: 2 to 4 years
^ai^One of the inclusion criteria of the study was to have a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism, but 5% had a previous provoked venous thromboembolic event and 2% had an active cancer
^aj^The authors said that there was 2% of active cancers but didn't precise how many was in each group, so the numbers were extrapolated
^ak^308 in placebo group and 307 in sulodexide group were included in the efficacy analyses
^al^Excluded if solid neoplasm.
BID: twice daily; DIE: once daily; INR: international normalized ratio; LMWH: low molecular weight heparin; NR: not reported; PE: pulmonary embolism; VKA: vitamin K antagonist; VTE: venous thromboembolism; UH: unfractionated heparin.
Recurrent venous thromboembolic events {#sec014}
--------------------------------------
The analysis of VTE recurrence encompassed 17 trials (17,895 patients) that contributed to 16 publications \[[@pone.0214134.ref007]--[@pone.0214134.ref009], [@pone.0214134.ref011]--[@pone.0214134.ref014], [@pone.0214134.ref022], [@pone.0214134.ref023], [@pone.0214134.ref025]--[@pone.0214134.ref031]\], allowing 21 comparisons. The rate of recurrent VTE was 2.8% (95%CI 1.9--3.9%, I^2^ = 91%) and 11.2% (95%CI 8.6--14.2%, I^2^ = 89%) in patients with and without active anticoagulation, respectively (overall rate of 5.4%, 95%CI 5.4--7.1%, I^2^ = 95%). The estimates of the treatment-effect derived from the direct and indirect meta-analysis were not different. Overall, all treatments reduced the risk of recurrence compared to placebo or observation (**[Fig 3A](#pone.0214134.g003){ref-type="fig"}**). In multiple pairwise comparisons (**[Table 2](#pone.0214134.t002){ref-type="table"}**), however, VKA and DOAC were more effective than ASA and standard-dose VKA was more effective than low-dose VKA. Standard- and low-dose DOAC also tended to be more effective than low-dose VKA, whereas their efficacy was globally comparable to standard-dose VKA. Sensitivity analysis including unmarketed drugs **(**idraparinux, sulodexide and ximelagatran) yielded similar results **([S3 Table](#pone.0214134.s005){ref-type="supplementary-material"}).** Frequentist network meta-analyses suggested that standard-dose VKA was associated with the highest probability of being the best treatment for VTE reduction (82%) (**[Table 3](#pone.0214134.t003){ref-type="table"})**. Data providing estimates for unmarketed drugs are detailed in **[S4 Table](#pone.0214134.s006){ref-type="supplementary-material"}**.
{#pone.0214134.g003}
10.1371/journal.pone.0214134.t002
###### Relative risk (95% confidence interval) from network meta-analysis for recurrent thromboembolism events and major bleeding for all pairwise comparisons.
{#pone.0214134.t002g}
------------------ ------------------ -------------------- -------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
**Placebo or**\ 0.61\ **3.13**\ **3.23**\ 1.71\ 0.50\ 0.25\ 1.29\ 1.77\
**observation** (0.11--3.31) **(1.37--7.16)** **(1.16--8.99)** (0.61--4.75) (0.09--2.72) (0.03--2.27) (0.17--9.78) (0.27--11.44)
**0.71**\ **ASA** 5.16\ 5.32\ 2.81\ 0.82\ 0.42\ 2.13\ 2.92\
**(0.55--0.91)** (0.78--34.04) (0.73--38.56) (0.39--20.39) (0.07--9.06) (0.03--6.68) (0.53--8.53) (0.81--10.59)
**0.16**\ **0.22**\ **VKA**\ 1.03\ 0.55\ 0.16\ **0.08**\ 0.41\ 0.57\
**(0.10--0.26)** **(0.13--0.39)** **(INR 2.0--3.0)** (0.44--2.39) (0.28--1.05) (0.02--1.05) **(0.01--0.84)** (0.05--3.68) (0.07--4.35)
**0.39**\ **0.55**\ **2.47**\ **VKA**\ 0.53\ 0.15\ **0.08**\ 0.40\ 0.55\
**(0.23--0.65)** **(0.31--0.97)** **(1.34--4.55)** **(INR 1.5--2.0)** (0.18--1.52) (0.02--1.12) **(0.01--0.88)** (0.04--3.87) (0.07--4.61)
**0.18**\ **0.26**\ 1.16\ 0.47\ **Dabigatran**\ 0.29\ 0.15\ 0.76\ 1.04\
**(0.09--0.35)** **(0.13--0.52)** (0.68--1.99) (0.22--1.02) **150 mg BID** (0.04--2.12) (0.01--1.67) (0.08--7.31) (0.12--8.71)
**0.19**\ **0.27**\ 1.22\ 0.49\ 1.03\ **Apixaban**\ 0.51\ 2.58\ 3.54\
**(0.11--0.34)** **(0.15--0.50)** (0.57--2.60) (0.23--1.06) (0.43--2.49) **2.5 mg BID** (0.05--5.60) (0.18--36.21) (0.28--44.05)
**0.20**\ **0.28**\ 1.24\ 0.50\ 1.05\ 1.02\ **Apixaban**\ 5.08\ 6.97\
**(0.11--0.34)** **(0.15--0.51)** (0.58--2.64) (0.23--1.08) (0.43--2.54) (0.49--2.12) **5 mg BID** (0.26--100.17) (0.39--123.63)
**0.18**\ **0.25**\ 1.15\ 0.47\ 0.97\ 0.94\ 0.93\ **Rivaroxaban**\ 1.37\
**(0.09--0.35)** **(0.14--0.46)** (0.51--2.60) (0.20--1.06) (0.38--2.47) (0.40--2.21) (0.39--2.18) **10 mg daily** (0.42--4.43)
**0.22**\ **0.32**\ 1.42\ 0.58\ 1.20\ 1.17\ 1.15\ 1.24\ **Rivaroxaban**\
**(0.14--0.36)** **(0.20--0.49)** (0.72--2.83) (0.29--1.16) (0.53--2.75) (0.56--2.43) (0.55--2.39) (0.63--2.44) **20 mg daily**
------------------ ------------------ -------------------- -------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Relative risks for recurrent venous thromboembolism are below the diagonal line (row defining the experimental group, column defining the placebo/observation group), whereas relative risks for major bleeding are above the diagonal line (row defining placebo/observation group, column defining the experimental group). Significant results are represented in bold/light grey. Data for non-commercialized drugs (idraparinux, sulodexide, and ximelagatran) are provided in [S3 Table](#pone.0214134.s005){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. ASA: aspirin; BID: twice daily; VKA: vitamin K antagonist.
10.1371/journal.pone.0214134.t003
###### Probability of being the best treatment according to the p-score computing using frequentist network meta-analysis.
{#pone.0214134.t003g}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Treatment Recurrence\ Major\ Net clinical\ Fatal recurrent VTE and MB
of VTE bleeding benefit
---------------------------------- ------------- ---------- --------------- ----------------------------
Placebo/observation 0% 77% 2% 34%
ASA 100 mg DIE 13% 75% 18% 15%
Low-dose VKA (INR 1.5--2.0) 27% 22% 30% 74%
Standard-dose VKA (INR 2.0--3.0) **82%** 22% 54% 51%
Dabigatran 150mg BID 69% 45% 73% 72%
Apixaban 2.5 mg BID 67% **79%** **81%** 70%
Apixaban 5 mg BID 66% **89%** **84%** 59%
Rivaroxaban 10 mg DIE 71% 52% 76% 66%
Rivaroxaban 20 mg DIE 55% 41% 61% 25%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note that in the absence of confidence intervals, these estimates should be interpreted with great caution. Data for non-commercialized drugs (idraparinux, sulodexide, and ximelagatran) are provided in [S4 Table](#pone.0214134.s006){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. ASA: aspirin; BID: twice daily; DIE: once daily; MB: major bleeding; VKA: vitamin K antagonist; VTE: venous thromboembolism.
Risk of major bleeding {#sec015}
----------------------
The analysis of MB also included 17 trials (17,604 patients) that contributed to 16 separate publications \[[@pone.0214134.ref007]--[@pone.0214134.ref009], [@pone.0214134.ref011]--[@pone.0214134.ref014], [@pone.0214134.ref022]--[@pone.0214134.ref030]\], allowing 21 comparisons. One study was excluded from the analysis in the absence of MB in both study arms \[[@pone.0214134.ref031]\]. The overall rate of MB was 0.8% (95%CI 0.5--1.2%, I^2^ = 78%) and 0.3% (95%CI 0.1--0.6%, I^2^ = 68%) in patients with and without active anticoagulation, respectively (overall rate 0.6%; 95%CI 0.4--0.9%, I^2^ = 77%). Overall, low- and standard-dose VKA and idraparinux significantly increased the risk of MB compared to placebo or observation (**[Fig 3B](#pone.0214134.g003){ref-type="fig"}**). DOAC tended to be associated with a decreased risk of MB compared to VKA (**[Table 2](#pone.0214134.t002){ref-type="table"}**). This was statistically significant for apixaban 5mg only. Apixaban 5 mg (89%) and 2.5 mg (79%) were associated with the highest probability of being the best treatments in terms of MB risk (**[Table 3](#pone.0214134.t003){ref-type="table"}**).
Net clinical benefit and risk of fatal outcomes {#sec016}
-----------------------------------------------
The analysis of net clinical benefit included 17,895 patients from 17 independent trials that contributed to 16 separate publications \[[@pone.0214134.ref007]--[@pone.0214134.ref009], [@pone.0214134.ref011]--[@pone.0214134.ref014], [@pone.0214134.ref022], [@pone.0214134.ref023], [@pone.0214134.ref025]--[@pone.0214134.ref031]\], allowing 21 comparisons. All therapies were associated with significant net clinical benefit compared to placebo, except for idraparinux (**[Fig 4A](#pone.0214134.g004){ref-type="fig"}**). However, results from the network meta-analysis showed that standard-dose VKA and DOAC were associated with significantly higher net clinical benefit than ASA and low-dose VKA (**[Table 4](#pone.0214134.t004){ref-type="table"}**, see **[S5 Table](#pone.0214134.s007){ref-type="supplementary-material"}** for estimates of unmarketed drugs). Apixaban 5mg (84%) and 2.5mg (81%) were also associated with the highest probability of being the best treatments for the net clinical benefit (**[Table 3](#pone.0214134.t003){ref-type="table"}**). Conversely, none of the treatment was associated with a reduction in fatal outcome due to recurrent VTE or MB (**[Fig 4B](#pone.0214134.g004){ref-type="fig"}**) within the 13 trials (16,569 patients) \[[@pone.0214134.ref007]--[@pone.0214134.ref009], [@pone.0214134.ref011]--[@pone.0214134.ref014], [@pone.0214134.ref022]--[@pone.0214134.ref024], [@pone.0214134.ref028], [@pone.0214134.ref029]\], allowing 17 comparisons. In multiple pairwise comparisons, only apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily compared to ASA was associated with reduced fatal events (**[Table 4](#pone.0214134.t004){ref-type="table"}**). This analysis was limited by the overall low mortality due to fatal VTE (0.18%; 95%CI 0.10--0.29%) and MB (0.02%; 95%CI 0.00--0.04%).
{#pone.0214134.g004}
10.1371/journal.pone.0214134.t004
###### Relative risk (95% confidence interval) from network meta-analysis for net clinical benefit and fatal recurrent venous thromboembolism and major bleeding for all pairwise comparisons.
{#pone.0214134.t004g}
------------------ ------------------ -------------------- -------------------- ----------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------ ------------------
**Placebo or**\ 2.30\ 0.57\ 0.22\ 0.25\ 0.29\ 0.44\ 0.28\ 1.65\
**observation** (0.68--7.78) (0.13--2.51) (0.03--1.70) (0.03--1.99) (0.06--1.37) (0.11--1.68) (0.01--6.46) (0.31--8.85)
**0.69**\ **ASA** 0.25\ 0.09\ 0.11\ **0.12**\ 0.19\ 0.12\ 0.72\
**(0.54--0.87)** (0.04--1.69) (0.01--1.03) (0.01--1.20) **(0.02--0.91)** (0.03--1.17) (0.01--2.30) (0.18--2.80)
**0.30**\ **0.44**\ **VKA**\ 0.38\ 0.43\ 0.50\ 0.77\ 0.49\ 2.92\
**(0.21--0.44)** **(0.29--0.69)** **(INR 2.0--3.0)** (0.05--2.68) (0.06--3.09) (0.06--4.37) (0.10--5.72) (0.02--15.89) (0.31--27.43)
**0.51**\ 0.74\ **1.62**\ **VKA**\ 1.14\ 1.33\ 2.02\ 1.29\ 7.68\
**(0.33--0.78)** (0.45--1.21) **(1.01--2.58)** **(INR 1.5--2.0)** (0.08--16.06) (0.10--17.76) (0.17--23.88) (0.03--55.60) (0.54-109-94)
**0.24**\ **0.35**\ 0.79\ **0.48**\ **Dabigatran**\ 1.17\ 1.78\ 1.13\ 6.75\
**(0.15--0.40)** **(0.20--0.61)** (0.53--1.17) **(0.27--0.85)** **150 mg BID** (0.09--15.94) (0.15--21.45) (0.03--49.56) (0.46--98.58)
**0.21**\ **0.30**\ 0.65\ **0.41**\ 0.86\ **Apixaban**\ 1.53\ 0.97\ 5.79\
**(0.12--0.35)** **(0.17--0.54)** (0.34--1.26) **(0.21--0.81)** (0.42--1.77) **2.5 mg BID** (0.26--9.11) (0.03--32.68) (0.58--57.51)
**0.20**\ **0.29**\ 0.62\ **0.39**\ 0.82\ 0.95\ **Apixaban**\ 0.64\ 3.79\
**(0.11--0.34)** **(0.16--0.52)** (0.32--1.21) **(0.20--0.78)** (0.39--1.71) (0.47--1.92) **5 mg BID** (0.02--19.53) (0.44--32.64)
**0.23**\ **0.34**\ 0.73\ **0.46**\ 0.96\ 1.12\ 1.17\ **Rivaroxaban**\ 5.97\
**(0.13--0.41)** **(0.20--0.57)** (0.37--1.44) **(0.23--0.93)** (0.45--2.03) (0.51--2.42) (0.53--2.56) **10 mg daily** (0.31--113.79)
**0.29**\ **0.43**\ 0.92\ 0.58\ 1.22\ 1.42\ 1.49\ 1.27\ **Rivaroxaban**\
**(0.20--0.45)** **(0.29--0.64)** (0.52--1.63) (0.32--1.06) (0.64--2.32) (0.73--2.78) (0.75--2.95) (0.71--2.27) **20 mg daily**
------------------ ------------------ -------------------- -------------------- ----------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------ ------------------
Relative risks for net clinical benefit are below the diagonal line (row defining the experimental group, column defining the placebo/observation group), whereas relative risks for fatal outcomes due to recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding are above the diagonal line (row defining placebo/observation group, column defining the experimental group). Significant results are presented in bold/light grey. Data for non-commercialized drugs (idraparinux, sulodexide, and ximelagatran) are provided in [S5 Table](#pone.0214134.s007){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. ASA: ASPIRIN; BID: TWICE DAILY; VKA: VITAMIN K ANTAGONIST.
Discussion {#sec017}
==========
The present network meta-analysis confirmed that extended anticoagulation significantly reduced the rate of recurrent VTE following an acute DVT or PE. This effect was mostly apparent for standard-dose VKA and DOAC, which were associated with a ≈80% and ≈75% relative risk reduction compared to placebo and aspirin, respectively. Consistently, individual pairwise comparisons confirmed that VKA and DOAC were more effective than ASA, whereas standard-dose VKA prevented more effectively recurrent VTE than low-dose VKA. DOAC also tended to be more effective than low-dose VKA. On the other hand, DOAC tended to be associated with a lower risk of MB. Consequently, standard-dose VKA and DOAC were associated with the highest net clinical benefit in the secondary prevention of VTE. Conversely, low-dose apixaban and rivaroxaban were not associated with differences in VTE recurrence, MB or net clinical benefit compared to full-dose DOAC.
Following the initial three months of anticoagulation for acute VTE, both physicians and patients face the important question of whether long-term anticoagulation should be maintained to prevent recurrent VTE. With the exception of patients with cancer and antiphospholipid syndrome, the risk for recurrent VTE after discontinuation of anticoagulation is mostly related to the characteristics of the index event, the recurrence rate averaging 2.5% and 4.5% per year after provoked and unprovoked VTE, respectively \[[@pone.0214134.ref024], [@pone.0214134.ref032]\]. This risk appears to be more important during the first year after anticoagulant discontinuation or in patients with recurrent episodes. Therefore, treatment for longer than 3 months is generally not recommended following a VTE provoked by a major transient risk factor, whereas indefinite anticoagulation is recommended for patients with recurrent events \[[@pone.0214134.ref004], [@pone.0214134.ref005]\]. However, the assessment of the risk of recurrence in patients with a first episode of unprovoked VTE is more complex. The risk of PE recurrence after a first unprovoked PE reaches 20% at 5 years \[[@pone.0214134.ref025], [@pone.0214134.ref033]\], with age and presence of antiphospholipid syndrome being associated with an increased risk of recurrence \[[@pone.0214134.ref034]\]. As a result, the American College of Chest Physician (ACCP) and European guidelines suggest that extended (no scheduled stop date) oral anticoagulation should be preconized \[[@pone.0214134.ref004]\] or considered \[[@pone.0214134.ref005]\] for patients with a first episode of unprovoked PE and low-to-moderate \[[@pone.0214134.ref004]\] or low \[[@pone.0214134.ref005]\] bleeding risk. Interestingly, while the ACCP guidelines suggests the use of DOAC over standard-adjusted dose VKA for extended treatment of VTE \[[@pone.0214134.ref004]\], the European guidelines rather suggest DOAC as an alternative option to VKA only \[[@pone.0214134.ref005]\]. This European recommendation is likely based on the fact that the risk of bleeding with DOAC, and particularly intracranial bleeding, was less than with VKA therapy in the acute management of VTE \[[@pone.0214134.ref035], [@pone.0214134.ref036]\] and atrial fibrillation \[[@pone.0214134.ref037], [@pone.0214134.ref038]\]. It is noteworthy, however, that limited direct or indirect comparisons were made between VKA and DOAC in the extended phase of anticoagulation for VTE.
In this regard, the present results add to the current literature by providing more specific estimates of VTE recurrence and MB with the diverse treatment strategies for the long-term management of VTE. Intriguingly, the present meta-analysis did not provide evidence of differences in efficacy and bleeding during extended anticoagulation between treatments, either as drug class (i.e. standard-dose VKA versus DOAC), dosage (standard- versus low-dose DOAC) or as individual agents, except for ASA that was associated with an increased risk of recurrence. These results differ from previous phase 3 trials comparing DOAC to low molecular weight heparins/VKA for the acute management of VTE that reported a decreased risk of bleeding associated with edoxaban, rivaroxaban and apixaban \[[@pone.0214134.ref039]--[@pone.0214134.ref042]\]. Whether a difference in patient characteristics may explain this discrepancy remains unknown. Indeed, while the absolute rates of MB in the included trials were similar to trials exploring acute treatment of VTE, the exclusion of patients with previous bleeding or recurrence in the acute phase of treatment may have led to a selection bias toward patients at lower risk of bleeding or recurrence. In addition, individual phase 3 trials that reported a reduction in bleeding risk with apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban generally included more than 4,000 patients and used a composite of MB and non-major clinically relevant bleeding \[[@pone.0214134.ref012], [@pone.0214134.ref013], [@pone.0214134.ref043]\], increasing the absolute number of events. The current meta-analysis may thus have lacked sufficient power to detect a potential difference in MB, reflected by the large confidence intervals of the estimates. However, the clinical relevance of non-major clinically relevant bleeding is still under debate \[[@pone.0214134.ref044]\].
More recently, the net clinical benefit of anticoagulation therapy, a composite endpoint defined as recurrent VTE or MB, was proposed as an attempt to fully capture the overall effects of anticoagulation in the secondary prevention of VTE \[[@pone.0214134.ref045]\]. The net clinical benefit is considered as a global appraisal of treatment effects, helping clinicians and patients weighting the advantages and the harms of therapy and personalizing the choice of treatment in a shared-decision process. Consistent with previous findings, the analysis of the net clinical benefit in our meta-analysis favored the use of DOAC or standard-adjusted dose VKA over ASA, low-dose VKA or observation alone (except for standard-dose rivaroxaban compared to low-dose VKA). Similarly, the frequentist network meta-analysis methods suggested that apixaban (2.5 and 5mg), and to a lesser extent dabigatran 150mg and rivaroxaban 10mg, were associated with the highest probability of being the best treatments in terms of net clinical benefit. It is noteworthy, however, that these results should be interpreted with great caution given that such analyses preclude the appropriate calculation of the confidence intervals of these probability estimates. In addition, despite the fact that VKA and DOAC were associated with a trend for reduced mortality, none of the antithrombotic drugs were associated with a reduction in fatal events, with the possible exception of apixaban versus ASA. It remains unknown if this result reflects a similar efficacy in preventing mortality or a lack of power due to the low number of recurrent fatal PE and fatal bleeding.
Contrary to two previous network meta-analyses \[[@pone.0214134.ref016], [@pone.0214134.ref046]\], the current study did not observe any significant difference in MB between VKA and the diverse DOAC. This discrepancy is likely related to the precision gained by the inclusion of 3 recent trials testing rivaroxaban 10 and 20 mg, standard dose VKA, and sulodexide \[[@pone.0214134.ref014], [@pone.0214134.ref025], [@pone.0214134.ref031]\]. Indeed, in the studies of Castelluci et al. and Sterne et al. \[[@pone.0214134.ref016], [@pone.0214134.ref046]\], the higher risk of MB with rivaroxaban was mainly derived from one trial \[[@pone.0214134.ref012]\] in which no MB occurred in the placebo arm whereas 4 (0.7%) occurred in the rivaroxaban one, yielding to statistically significant although uncertain increased risk of MB. Conversely, the effects of the diverse treatments on VTE recurrence were similar in both meta-analysis. Thus, with the inclusion of additional trials, as well as the description of the net clinical benefit of the diverse therapeutic strategies, the present meta-analysis likely provides a more precise estimate of the specific treatment effects of antithrombotic drugs for extended treatment of VTE.
Taken together, the present meta-analysis supports current guidelines suggesting that standard-dose VKA (INR 2 to 3) and DOAC are appropriate treatment strategies to prevent VTE recurrence. While apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban have a better safety profile over VKA for the acute management \[[@pone.0214134.ref039]--[@pone.0214134.ref042]\], DOAC were only associated with trends for reduced MB and their net clinical benefit were similar during extended anticoagulation compared to VKA. Pharmacoeconomic studies also suggested that apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban were cost-effective alternatives to VKA for extended anticoagulation following acute VTE in Canada, United Kingdom, and United States of America \[[@pone.0214134.ref047]--[@pone.0214134.ref051]\], although these studies were funded by pharmaceutical companies. Ultimately, the choice of treatment for extended anticoagulation thus likely relies on patients' preference and individual risk factors for adverse events with VKA and DOAC. Although considered as more convenient, DOAC are also associated with variable pharmacodynamic in case of specific medical conditions and drug-drug interactions \[[@pone.0214134.ref052]\]. In some situations, their efficacy and safety is still unknown \[[@pone.0214134.ref053]\]. Hence, our results may be reassuring for some patients well equilibrated under VKA for extended therapy.
Conversely, the place of ASA appears to be limited, being associated with a lower reduction of recurrent VTE compared to VKA or DOAC without a significant reduction in MB. ASA should thus be reserved to the minority of patients refusing to take or not tolerating any form of anticoagulants. It is noteworthy, however, that in the absence of direct effects on mortality, extended anticoagulation aims to mitigating the risk of non-fatal complications such as recurrent VTE, or post-thrombotic syndrome \[[@pone.0214134.ref011]\]. Unfortunately, the effects of anticoagulation on these outcomes were not reported in the trials. The decision on extended anticoagulation should therefore be based on the periodical re-assessment of risk/benefit ratio in a shared decision-making process, as currently recommended.
Limitations of the study {#sec018}
------------------------
There are several limitations to this study that should be considered. Firstly, the magnitude of treatment effect may be affected by the design of the included trials. Overall, the risk of bias was considered low, although length of follow-up that varied widely from one study to the other. However, this variation did not modify the treatment effect of VTE prevention using a Bayesian approach \[[@pone.0214134.ref016]\]. Secondly, characteristics of patients, such as index events (PE versus DVT), patient's age, body mass index and comorbidities may modify the treatment effect of anticoagulation. In absence of patient level data, their influences cannot be explored. Thirdly, non-major clinically relevant bleeding were not taken into account and data about other relevant outcomes (myocardial infarction, stroke) were sparse or unavailable in the majority of trials, precluding specific analyses. Fourthly, patients recruited in most trials were not naïve to VKA. Patients at risk of bleeding could have been excluded, as the incidence of MB is highest in the initial months of treatment. Similarly, patients with a low time in therapeutic range were generally excluded, favouring the benefit of VKA. The design of randomized trials studying the extended anticoagulation may thus have overestimated the treatment effects of VKA \[[@pone.0214134.ref011]\]. Fifthly, the confidence intervals generated by the present meta-analysis were large despite the power gain related to network meta-analysis. It may be explained by the fact that the estimates were based on only one trial for several drugs. Thus, the absence of difference between treatment effects did not imply their equivalence. This pitfall was partially related to the low rate of events, especially for fatal events. Finally, most of the comparisons were only indirect and subject to artefacts caused by study designs, patient populations and other co-variables. These results should therefore be interpreted with extreme caution in the absence of head-to-head clinical trials. Network meta-analysis requires studies to be sufficiently similar in terms of treatment effect modifiers in order to verify the transitivity assumption to pool their results \[[@pone.0214134.ref054]\]. However, the frequentist approach and the relatively small number of included trials did not permit performing analysis according to covariables and to explore the transitivity assumption such as trial duration or patient characteristics. In the Bayesian meta-analysis of Castellucci et al.\[[@pone.0214134.ref016]\], durations of trials were explored by metaregression. The authors did not conclude a relation between duration of the trials and the treatment effect.
Conclusion {#sec019}
==========
In conclusion, standard dose VKA and DOAC shared similar effects on VTE recurrence and MB, whereas ASA and low-dose VKA were associated with the worst risk/benefit ratio. While DOAC were associated with a trend for reduced risk of MB compared to VKA, this effect remained non-significant during extended anticoagulant therapy. Conversely, low-dose apixaban and rivaroxaban were also associated with a similar risk of MB compared to standard-dose, as previously documented for low-dose VKA.
Supporting information {#sec020}
======================
######
(DOC)
######
Click here for additional data file.
###### Data sources and searches.
Medline and embase search strategies.
(DOCX)
######
Click here for additional data file.
###### Number of events for each main outcome reported by 17 randomized trials for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolic events.
(DOCX)
######
Click here for additional data file.
###### Study Quality.
(DOCX)
######
Click here for additional data file.
###### Sensitivity analysis describing the relative risk (95% confidence interval) from network meta-analysis for recurrent thromboembolism events and major bleeding for all pairwise comparisons including marketed and unmarketed (idraparinux, sulodexide, ximelagatran) drugs.
(DOCX)
######
Click here for additional data file.
###### Probability of being the best treatment according to the p-score computing using frequentist network meta-analysis for marketed and unmarketed drugs.
(DOCX)
######
Click here for additional data file.
###### Relative risk (95% confidence interval) from network meta-analysis for net clinical benefit and fatal recurrent venous thromboembolism and major bleeding for all pairwise comparisons for marketed and unmarketed drugs.
(DOCX)
######
Click here for additional data file.
###### Data allowing the calculation of estimates in network meta-analysis (format for netmeta package).
(XLSX)
######
Click here for additional data file.
[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
}
|
Tagged Questions
The Middle East typically refers to the region stretching from the northern part of eastern Africa all the way to Pakistan. The region is centered around the Arabian peninsula with the Persian Gulf being the critical component of the region.
I remember reading in a magazine that the biblical apostle James visited Ireland 400 years before Saint Patrick.
Is it true that he went on a mission to Northern Ireland? Forgive me if I overlooked ...
The Nabatean people who founded Petra are described as a pre-Islamic Arab people. Centrally located on the spice trade routes, they achieved fabulous wealth and settled in the city of Petra.
A recent ...
Why is it that all Saudi Arabian rulers and prices both of the present and past generations apparently wear the same style of chin beards? (Yes, they wear the same styles of headdresses as well.) Is ...
During Roman times North-Western Africa had a thriving Christian community, giving birth to Saint Augustine and a long lasting heresy. This is similar to many Christian communities of the time, from ...
Baldwin IV was crowned King of Jerusalem, from 1174 until his death in 1186 at the ripe old age of 24. As a child, his tutor, William of Tyre, discovered he had leprosy.
Understanding that he was the ...
One cannot help but notice that the current shelling of Israel by Hamas has started in the month of Ramadan. So did the war of 1973 and a few other troubles. Is this just a coincidence, or is there ...
The word Khorasan finds mention in many ancient texts pointing to a place in Middle east to Afghanistan . The question is what were the boundaries of the historical Khorasan which parts of the middle ...
The main language in the Middle East is Arabic, however English and French considered as a secondary language.
Especially in Algeria, Morocco and Lebanon (there are other countries..) people still use ...
Genetically speaking, who are the pre-Islamic Arab tribes who lived in Yemen and Arabia in many centuries B.C. closest to? Where did the first Arab settlers in Yemen come from? I know that Arabs claim ...
Presumably the Arab goal in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war was to defeat Israel. Total victory would probably mean the total control of the whole Mandatory Palestine, which at this point already contained ...
Most countries land borders are somewhat rounded, and it's easy to guess why - it's eazy to defend a rounded shape, and it's hard to defend "bulges" because it can be easily surrounded and occupied.
...
The Arab Revolt against the Ottomans is portrayed as being primarily a Hejazi phenomenon but I have read (briefly) that Asir, a territory between Hejaz and Yemen revolted first and the Sherif of Mecca ...
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia staunchly follow Wahhabism, a very conservative and strict brand of Islamism that probably is the major factor of Saudi's strict policy and harsh implementation of Sharia. ...
Constantinopole was the focal point for the Fourth Crusade. The Christians lost and Constantinopole went to the Ottoman Empire. Then, the European Christians became stronger and went about colonizing ...
Based on historic trade and migration routes between the Mediterranean and Persia, India, and China, are the populations in Lebanon, Iraq, and Syria more heterogeneous than that of their neighbors? ...
Before Islam and its prohibition of pork, was it a commonly eaten food? Or was it already prohibited by other religions/cultures? Or was it a kind of uncommon food, which was then prohibited? We also ...
The Arab-Israeli War in 1973, besides the Jewish Holiday, also took place during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, during which practicing Muslims observe mandatory daytime fasting. Did this affect ...
The expansion of the Islamic rule during early Islamic era was quite impressive. Before 629, Muhammad's rule was limited to one city Medina. 15 years later, at the end of Umar's rule, the Caliphate ...
While investigating on Albania, I kept finding peoples I never heard of before. Notwithstanding my vast ignorance, this was systematic to the point that I started investigating. Take a look at this ...
We all know the role of Egypt as a British protectorate at the time in WWII and the many battles fought in there. My question is, what is the role of the other British and French possessions in the ...
What was Palestine before, if not a country? Could you give me some history on this?
Also, the recent recognition of Palestine as a country in the UN could have far reaching implications. Are there ...
The Khazars where a people who built an empire centred North of the Caucasus Range, between the 7th and 11th centuries. They are not at all mainstream (at least in Europe), even though, defeating the ...
Where can I find information about the period 2000 BCE - 1300 BCE in the Levant with focus on Caanites and (possibly) proto-Hebrews?
Period from the very beginning of the tribal organization of what ...
Isn't islam reason the undevelopment in the middle east?
if so
Why middle eastern people still wants islam!!?
Isn't it possible Middle East without Islam ?
What western country should to do, to turn ...
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
In the case, particularly, of a chronograph mechanism, it is known that exerting too great a force on a control member, such as a push-button, can act too violently upon the functions associated therewith. Thus, for example, it can happen that, on a crown or push-button used for operating a chronograph, the violence of the force transmitted to the chronograph mechanism damages it, which may mean that parts have to be changed.
To avoid such problems, it is known to protect push-buttons or crowns by using shoulders to border them or even using a fixed or removable frame, which completely or partially surrounds them. This prevents a shock from accidentally moving the push-buttons or crowns so as to protect the mechanism. However, the timepiece case then becomes complex and much more cumbersome. Incidentally, it may also become unattractive, which is contrary to the desired effect for mid range or top range timepieces.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
// Copyright 2020 New Relic Corporation. All rights reserved.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
package nrlambda
import (
"net/http"
"net/url"
"strings"
"github.com/aws/aws-lambda-go/events"
newrelic "github.com/newrelic/go-agent"
)
func getEventSourceARN(event interface{}) string {
switch v := event.(type) {
case events.KinesisFirehoseEvent:
return v.DeliveryStreamArn
case events.KinesisEvent:
if len(v.Records) > 0 {
return v.Records[0].EventSourceArn
}
case events.CodeCommitEvent:
if len(v.Records) > 0 {
return v.Records[0].EventSourceARN
}
case events.DynamoDBEvent:
if len(v.Records) > 0 {
return v.Records[0].EventSourceArn
}
case events.SQSEvent:
if len(v.Records) > 0 {
return v.Records[0].EventSourceARN
}
case events.S3Event:
if len(v.Records) > 0 {
return v.Records[0].S3.Bucket.Arn
}
case events.SNSEvent:
if len(v.Records) > 0 {
return v.Records[0].EventSubscriptionArn
}
}
return ""
}
type webRequest struct {
header http.Header
method string
u *url.URL
transport newrelic.TransportType
}
func (r webRequest) Header() http.Header { return r.header }
func (r webRequest) URL() *url.URL { return r.u }
func (r webRequest) Method() string { return r.method }
func (r webRequest) Transport() newrelic.TransportType { return r.transport }
func eventWebRequest(event interface{}) newrelic.WebRequest {
var path string
var request webRequest
var headers map[string]string
switch r := event.(type) {
case events.APIGatewayProxyRequest:
request.method = r.HTTPMethod
path = r.Path
headers = r.Headers
case events.ALBTargetGroupRequest:
// https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/application/lambda-functions.html#receive-event-from-load-balancer
request.method = r.HTTPMethod
path = r.Path
headers = r.Headers
default:
return nil
}
request.header = make(http.Header, len(headers))
for k, v := range headers {
request.header.Set(k, v)
}
var host string
if port := request.header.Get("X-Forwarded-Port"); port != "" {
host = ":" + port
}
request.u = &url.URL{
Path: path,
Host: host,
}
proto := strings.ToLower(request.header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto"))
switch proto {
case "https":
request.transport = newrelic.TransportHTTPS
case "http":
request.transport = newrelic.TransportHTTP
default:
request.transport = newrelic.TransportUnknown
}
return request
}
func eventResponse(event interface{}) *response {
var code int
var headers map[string]string
switch r := event.(type) {
case events.APIGatewayProxyResponse:
code = r.StatusCode
headers = r.Headers
case events.ALBTargetGroupResponse:
code = r.StatusCode
headers = r.Headers
default:
return nil
}
hdr := make(http.Header, len(headers))
for k, v := range headers {
hdr.Add(k, v)
}
return &response{
code: code,
header: hdr,
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Saskatchewan Highway 668
Highway 668 is a highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 365 near Watrous until it becomes Highway 396. Highway 668 is about 34 km (21 mi.) long.
Highway 668 also intersects Highway 761.
668
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
In the course of an investigation on the synthesis of optically active eremophilane sesquiterpenoids from sabinene, A. van der Gen et al. [Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 90, 1034 (1971)]synthesized a compound to which they attributed the structure of trans-10,10-dimethyl-tricyclo[7.1.1.0.sup.2,7 ]undec-2-en-4-one. No indication as to the properties of this ketone was however given by the cited authors, nor any suggestion was formulated by them concerning its possible use as perfume or flavour ingredient. We have now found that cis-10,10-dimethyl-tricyclo[7.1.1.0.sup.2,7 ]undec-2-en-4-one possesses useful organoleptic properties and consequently it can advantageously be used in the perfume and flavour industry.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Developers – here is the best WHY to quit your 9–5 job - millisecond
https://medium.com/swlh/developers-here-is-the-most-convincing-reason-for-quitting-your-9-5-job-111801b7bd8
======
millisecond
I've been thinking a lot about the compression in salaries lately. More from
the stance that if senior developer salaries are incrementally higher than
junior that it seems like building an all-senior team would have business
value. Maybe that's all obviated by the new tech/learning, but in my
experience seniors greatly outperform juniors when you're dealing with hard
problems.
Not sure about the "oh it's so easy to start your thing, just do it" part of
the article though.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "HackerNews"
}
|
Q:
How do I access Assembly Attributes in a Universal Windows App?
I'm trying to get the values from some of my assembly's attributes, for example the various version attributes plus some custom attributes.
When I try to access Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly() it's gone! System.Reflection.Assembly seems to have only one method, Load().
So how do I access my attribute values?
A:
The only way I know in WinRT to retrieve the assembly is through the GetTypeInfo extension method. It's defined in the namespace System.Reflection:
using System.Reflection;
...
foreach (var attribute in this.GetType().GetTypeInfo().Assembly.CustomAttributes)
{
Debug.WriteLine(attribute);
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Spinal cord injury refers to damage to the spine that results in the complete or partial loss of sensory and/or motor function and affects the quality of life of injured patients. Nerve regeneration and restoration play crucial roles in improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients after spinal cord injury (Kobbe et al., 2009; Ok et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2014). However, the best method to achieve a physiological recovery of the structure and function of the damaged nerves remains a challenging problem in the field of neurosurgery (Pallini et al., 2005; Meletis et al., 2008; Kobbe et al., 2009; Ok et al., 2012; Batchelor et al., 2013). Recently, stem cell therapy has shown considerable therapeutic potential for treating spinal cord injury. Schwann cells (SCs) are important support cells that surround the nerve cells and play a key role in neuronal regeneration. SCs can secrete various neurotrophic factors, promote neuronal survival and differentiation, and support and guide various nervous processes. The transplantation of SCs was found to promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury, suggesting a new approach to the treatment of spinal cord injury (Nout et al., 2012). When the central nervous system is insulted, the gene expression and protein content of the Nogo protein are significantly increased, with expression of the Nogo receptor (NgR) increased accordingly, ultimately leading to growth cone collapse and inhibition of neurite extension (Xu et al., 2011; Yan et al., 2011; Antonic et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2013; Bazley et al., 2014). NgR gene silencing using transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) can be used to block the inhibitory effect of the Nogo protein, thereby promoting neurite growth after nerve cell differentiation. Recently, mild hypothermia (33--35°C) therapy has been suggested as a potential therapeutic regimen for brain and spinal cord injuries (Ok et al., 2012). Growing evidence from clinical studies has shown that mild hypothermia effectively reduces the secondary damage to the brain and spinal cord and protects the central nerve from the tissue damage (Batchelor et al., 2013). In the present study, we transplanted a cell-scaffold complex consisting of a poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold seeded with NgR-silenced neural stem cells (NSCs) and SCs into an injured spinal cord in rats to determine the effects of mild hypothermia combined with the NgR-silenced cell scaffolds for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
Materials and Methods {#sec1-2}
=====================
Animals {#sec2-1}
-------
Ninety-six healthy, adult, female Wistar rats, weighing 250--300 g, were acquired from the Laboratory Animals Room, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China (certification No. SCXK (Jing) 2006-0008). The animals were housed at a room temperature of 18--26°C and relative humidity of 40--70%. The protocol used in this study was approved by the Scientific Review Committee and the Institutional Review Board of Tianjin Medical University in China. The rats were randomly divided into four groups, each containing 24 rats: the simple PLGA scaffold group, the NSCs + SCs + PLGA group, the NgR-silenced cells (NSCs + SCs) + PLGA group, and the mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells (NSCs + SCs) + PLGA group.
Cell culture and NgR silencing {#sec2-2}
------------------------------
The NSCs and SCs (provided by the First Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China) were separated, purified, identified, and amplified (Papastefanaki et al., 2007). Next, the obtained cells were transfected with siRNA to silence NgR gene expression (Wang et al., 2010). The expression levels of NgR before and after transfection were determined with reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to verify the efficacy of NgR gene silencing. The total RNA was extracted from cells in each group using the TRIzol method (Takara, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China), and the RNA content was assessed by UV spectrophotometry (Shanghai Haishen Medical Electronic Machine Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). A volume of 5 μL of total RNA was synthesized into cDNA using the M-MLV reverse transcriptase, and then the 5 μL of reverse transcription product was amplified by PCR with an NgR upstream primer sequence of 5′-CTG CTG GCA TGG GTG TTA TGG-3′ and downstream primer sequence of 5′-TCT GGC TGG AGG CTG GGA T-3′. The product size was 151 bp. The PCR reaction included 35 cycles of denaturation at 94°C for 1 minute, annealing at 61°C for 45 seconds, and extension at 72°C for 1 minute, with a final extension at 72°C for 7 minutes. Each PCR reaction was replicated three times. The PCR products were separated by electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel, and the size and brightness of the amplification products were observed with a UV transmission reflectometer (Shanghai Haishen Medical Electronic Machine Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). The amplification bands were analyzed using a gel analysis system, and the gene expression level was calculated as the average optical density value of each band. The ratio of the optical density of each amplification band to the optical density of the β-actin band was used as the relative mRNA expression level of the amplified products.
Preparation of the cell-scaffold complex {#sec2-3}
----------------------------------------
PLGA (85:15) (Ji'nan New-technology Company, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, China) was modified by treatment with ammonia plasma, and then the block PLGA was cut into 2.5 mm × 1.5 mm × 1.0 mm specimens, vacuum dried, and sterilized by ethylene oxide fumigation. For the simple PLGA scaffold group, 10 μL of L-DMEM medium (Gibco BRL, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) was pipetted onto the PLGA scaffolds. For the NSCs + SCs + PLGA group, 10 μL of NSCs and SCs at a density of 2 × 10^10^ cells/L were seeded onto the PLGA scaffolds. For the NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group and mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA groups, 10 μL of the NgR-silenced NSCs and SCs at a density of 2 × 10^10^ cells/L were seeded onto the PLGA scaffolds. All cells were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO~2~ in a humidified incubator. After 4 days of culture, the cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were assessed. The adherent cells were used for the transplantation.
Establishment of the acute spinal cord injury animal model and mild hypothermia intervention {#sec2-4}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wistar rats in each group were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 2.5% ketamine (20 mg/kg) and secured in the prone position. To harvest the T~9~ spinous process, a 2--3 cm-long midline incision was made along the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the back, stripping and retracting the paraspinal muscles. The T~8~ and T~9~ spinous processes and lamina were exposed and clamped with a laminectomy forceps to expose and cut the dura mater. The right side of the spinal cord was hemi-resected. Next, hindlimb paralysis after the injury was verified using previously published criteria (Pearse et al., 2007). Finally, the wound was sutured closed. In the NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group and the NSCs + SCs + PLGA group, the injured spinal tissue was exposed 6 hours after injury and transplanted with the corresponding cell-PLGA complexes. In the simple PLGA scaffold group, the injured spinal tissue was exposed 6 hours after injury and transplanted with the PLGA/DMEM culture medium. The incisions were then sutured closed. All rats were treated with daily abdominal massages, twice artificial urinations, and paraplegia care after transplantation. The rectal temperature in the rats was continuously monitored using HP-V26 temperature measuring instruments (HP-V26, HP, Palo Alto, CA, USA). In the mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group, the rats were placed on a cold blanket to maintain their rectal temperatures at 34 ± 0.5°C for 6 hours after cell transplantation.
Evaluation of lower limb motor function {#sec2-5}
---------------------------------------
All rats were assessed using an inclined plate test and to determine the modified Tarlov score for lower extremity motor function before injury and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after injury. For the inclined plate tests, the rats were placed in a modified Rivilin inclined plate, with the heads to the right. The angle of the incline was gradually increased from the horizontal position (0°), and the maximum angle at which the rats could remain on the plate for 5 seconds without falling was recorded. The final results were obtained by averaging the maximum angle from three measurements (Xiao et al., 2012). The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale was used to evaluate motor function (Pallini et al., 2005; Meletis et al., 2008). The rats in each group were graded by blinded observers at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after injury, the motor function was assessed six times with the BBB scale, and the mean score at each time point was calculated.
Hematoxylin-eosin and immunofluorescence staining {#sec2-6}
-------------------------------------------------
Six rats in each group were randomly selected at 4 weeks after injury and euthanized under anesthesia. The injured T~9~ spinal tissue was harvested and prepared for histological assessment of the degree of recovery. The spinal tissues were fixed in 40 g/L paraformaldehyde, frozen, and cut into 5-μm-thick sections for hematoxylin-eosin and immunofluorescence staining. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and then immersed in acid followed by ammonia. The sections were then washed with running water, immersed in distilled water, dehydrated through a graded alcohol series, stained with eosin, and then observed under a light microscope. Other sections were stained with PKH-26 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) to detect the presence and distribution of NSCs after transplantation. The number of PKH-26-positive cells in each section was calculated from ten random fields of view at high magnification (200×) (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), and averaged for each group.
Transmission electron microscope observation {#sec2-7}
--------------------------------------------
Two rats in each group were randomly selected at 8 weeks after surgery and perfused with 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Sections of the injured spinal tissue were further fixed with glutaraldehyde overnight. Two 1 mm spinal segments were harvested from the proximal and distal ends of the left hemisphere. The obtained segments were fixed with osmium tetroxide at 4°C for 2 hours, rinsed, dehydrated with a gradient of acetone, stained with uranyl acetate at 4°C for 4 hours, embedded in 618 epoxy, and observed under a transmission electron microscope (Shanghai Yanyou Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China).
Electrophysiology detection {#sec2-8}
---------------------------
Six rats in each group were randomly selected at 8 weeks after surgery, and their somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials were detected using the KEYPOINT 4 method (Meletis et al., 2008). The rats were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 10% chloral hydrate and placed on a horizontal plane. Stimulating electrodes (Shanghai Yanyou Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) were placed on the hindlimbs, while recording electrodes were used to monitor the hindlimb cortical sensory area (Hiraizumi et al., 1996), which is at the intersection between the coronal suture and the sagittal suture healing line. A reference electrode was placed 0.5 cm posterior to the recording electrodes. A direct-current square-wave electrical stimulation was applied to the rat hindlimb at 5--15 mA current, 0.2 ms width, and 3 Hz frequency, which was superimposed 50--60 times. The somatosensory evoked potential latency and amplitude were recorded to determine the nerve electrophysiological recovery. For the motor evoked potentials test, the rats were first anesthetized, and then stimulating electrodes were inserted into the cerebral motor cortex 2 mm anterior to the coronal suture and 2 mm lateral to the sagittal suture. A stimulus with an intensity of 40 mA, pulse width of 0.1 ms, and stimulation frequency of 1 Hz was superimposed 300--500 times at a scanning speed of 5 ms/div and sensitivity of 5 μV/div. The motor evoked potentials latency and amplitude were observed and recorded.
Statistical analysis {#sec2-9}
--------------------
The statistical analysis was performed by the second author using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). The data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls tests were performed. *P*-values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Results {#sec1-3}
=======
NgR expression in the NgR-silenced NSCs and SCs *via* siRNA transfection {#sec2-10}
------------------------------------------------------------------------
RT-PCR detection showed that, after the NgR gene was silenced by siRNA transfection for 48 hours, the expression of the NgR gene in both NSCs and SCs was significantly down-regulated compared with the corresponding control groups (*P* \< 0.05; **[Figure 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}**).
{#F1}
NSCs and SCs seeded in the cell-scaffold complexes {#sec2-11}
--------------------------------------------------
After 4 days of cell culture, a large number of NSCs and SCs had adhered to the PLGA scaffold, as observed by fluorescence microscopy. The cells grew along the PLGA scaffold, and only a very small number of randomly arranged cells were found outside of the complexes. Compared with the non-transfected group, more cells were adhered and growing after NgR gene silencing (**[Figure 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}**).
{#F2}
Mild hypothermia combined with transplantation of the NgR-silenced cell scaffold improved hindlimb motor function in rats after spinal cord injury {#sec2-12}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The inclined plate test angle and modified BBB scores of rats in the NSCs + SCs + PLGA group, NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group, and mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group were significantly higher than those in the simple PLGA scaffold group (*P* \< 0.05 or *P* \< 0.01). The motor function of rats in the NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group and mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group was better than that in the NSCs + SCs + PLGA group (*P* \< 0.05; **[Figure 3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}**).
{#F3}
Mild hypothermia combined with transplantation of the NgR-silenced cell scaffolds improved the nerve electrophysiological function in rats after spinal cord injury {#sec2-13}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials waveforms disappeared completely in each group after the spinal cord injury. At 8 weeks after transplantation, the lag phase of the somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials was shortened and the amplitude was increased in the NSCs + SCs + PLGA group, NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group, and mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group (*P* \< 0.05 or *P* \< 0.01) compared with the simple PLGA scaffold group. Furthermore, the NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group and mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group had shorter lag phases and higher amplitudes of somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials than the NSCs + SCs + PLGA group (*P* \< 0.05). The lag phase and amplitude of the somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials were not different between the NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group and the mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group (*P* \> 0.05; **[Figure 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}**).
{#F4}
Mild hypothermia combined with transplantation of the NgR-silenced cell scaffolds improved the pathological changes found in rats after spinal cord injury {#sec2-14}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spinal cord tissue rupture was visible by hematoxylin-eosin staining in the simple PLGA scaffold group, as well as scar connection, structural disorder, and apparent porosis. In the NSCs + SCs + PLGA group and NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group, normal nerve cell-like morphological changes were observed, along with tissue porosis. Standard nerve cell-like morphological changes were also found in the mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group, but the porosis was absent (**[Figure 5](#F5){ref-type="fig"}**).
{#F5}
Immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of PKH-26-positive cells (surviving cells) in the spinal cord sections was highest in the mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group, next highest in the NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group, lower in the NSCs + SCs + PLGA group, and lowest in the simple PLGA scaffold group (*P* \< 0.05; **[Figure 5](#F5){ref-type="fig"}**).
Under transmission electron microscopy, glial scars were found in the simple PLGA scaffold group, and macrophages had phagocytized the degenerated and necrotic myelinated nerve fibers. In the mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group, a large number of myelinated nerve fibers and non-myelinated nerve fibers, as well as many axons, were found. In addition, the sheath myelin was intact in the regenerated axons. In the NSCs + SCs + PLGA group and NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group, the number of myelinated nerve fibers and non-myelinated nerve fibers was higher than in the simple PLGA scaffold group, but lower than in the mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group (**[Figure 5](#F5){ref-type="fig"}**).
Discussion {#sec1-4}
==========
Injured spinal cord nerve cannot regenerate or repair, which is a major problem in the medical field. The accumulating evidence has highlighted the changes in the microenvironment after spinal cord injury and the effects of mild hypothermia, as well as nerve cell scaffolds, for the repair of spinal cord injury and nerve cell regeneration (Teng et al., 2002; Du et al., 2014; Peterson and Anderson, 2014).
Transplanted NSCs can differentiate into astrocytes because of a lack of external induction factors, leading to the formation of a large number of glial scars and a reduction in the number of differentiated neurons. In addition, axon growth within the neurons is difficult to control (Ban et al., 2009; Peterson and Anderson, 2014). Therefore, biological scaffolds that better mimic the normal microenvironment have been developed applied in scientific research (Teng et al., 2002; Saberi et al., 2008; Ban et al., 2009; Chi et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012; Batchelor et al., 2013). In the present study, we used PLGA, a tissue engineering scaffold, for nerve repair. The PLGA copolymers provide the three-dimensional environment that is required for the growth of nerve cells, thereby promoting nerve regeneration. In addition, the cell axons are able to closely adhere to the PLGA scaffold. The ideal tissue engineering scaffold material should be easily inoculated with *in vitro* cultured and expanded SCs to facilitate the formation of a peripheral nerve bridging graft with NSCs (Saberi et al., 2008; Chi et al., 2010; Peng et al., 2010), which can then migrate from the graft towards the damaged area, and be able to guide the differentiation of NSCs (Ban et al., 2009; Xu et al., 2011; Karimi-Abdolrezaee and Eftekharpour, 2012; Akbary and Arora, 2014).
Several previous studies (Ban et al., 2009; Antonic et al., 2013; Batchelor et al., 2013) have reported that the important aspects of the microenvironment after spinal cord injury include the nerve cells and their genes, proteins, mitochondria, and expression of cytokines, and changes in the local environment are accompanied by changes in the regeneration capacity of injured nerve axons. Treatment with mild hypothermia was reported to effectively reduce secondary nerve damage and prevent severe brain trauma and spinal cord injury (Young, 2002; Pallini et al., 2005; Dididze et al., 2013; Hou et al., 2013; Zaminy et al., 2013; Zhang and He, 2014), protect the mitochondrial function of nerve cells, enhance the expression of nerve cell nutrition factors, and improve the microcirculation in the areas of spinal cord damage. By altering the microenvironment of the spinal nerve cells, mild hypothermia promotes the survival, division, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of nerve cells; accelerates the recovery of spinal cord conduction function; and prolongs the proliferation and survival of NSCs and SCs. Additionally, hypothermia contributes to vascular proliferation, increases the microcirculation to the spinal nerve tissue, and increase the long-term survival of transplanted cells (Young, 2002; Pallini et al., 2005; Lepore et al., 2006; Saberi et al., 2008; Ok et al., 2012; Hou et al., 2013; Zhang and He, 2014).
In the present study, we transplanted cell-scaffold complexes into the spinal cord of rats and treatment them with mild hypothermia to determine the effects of the treatment on spinal cord injury. The results of this study showed that transplantation of gene-modified cell-scaffold complexes and treatment with mild hypothermia significantly improved the repair of spinal cord injury compared with treatment with a simple cell-scaffold complex, both in terms of the histology and nerve functions. The hematoxylin-eosin staining of the spinal cord sections showed normal nerve cell-like morphological changes in the mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group, and the cavity created by the injury was absent. In addition, the tissue restoration overall was better than in the simple PLGA scaffold group, the NSCs + SCs + PLGA group, and the NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group. The immunofluorescence staining of the spinal cord tissue showed that the number of PKH-26-positive cells was higher in the mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group than that in the simple PLGA scaffold group, NSCs + SCs + PLGA group, and NgR -silenced cells + PLGA group. This result suggests that the transplanted cells survived better in the mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group. By transmission electron microscopy, a large number of myelinated nerve fibers and non-myelinated nerve fibers were found in the mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group, and the number of axons was significantly higher than that in the simple PLGA scaffold group, NSCs + SCs + PLGA group, and NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group. This result indicates that the transplanted cells were able to repair the spinal nerve fibers in the mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group. The BBB scores and inclined plate test angle results showed that the rats in the mild hypothermia + NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group performed better than the animals in the simple PLGA scaffold group, NSCs + SCs + PLGA group, and NgR-silenced cells + PLGA group at 4 weeks after injury, with significant differences among the groups. The somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials in the mild hypothermia group showed the most significant recovery at 8 weeks after injury, and the increase in amplitude was more apparent than that in the other groups. The differences between groups were statistically significant. Together, these results suggest that mild hypothermia facilitates the development of electrical signal conduction time from the hindlimbs to the scalp, and that conduction pathway was smoother and better recovered.
In conclusion, mild hypothermia treatment prior to transplantation of scaffolds seeded with NgR gene-silenced cells can prolong the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of transplanted neural stem cells at the site of injury, reduce glial scar formation, and promote the recovery of neurological function in rats after spinal cord injury, thereby contributing to the processes of restoration and regeneration following spinal cord injury.
***Funding:** This study was supported by a grant from the Application Basis and Front Technology Projects of Tianjin (Science and Technology Foundation of Tianjin), No. 12JCYBJC18000*.
***Conflicts of interest:** None declared*.
Copyedited by McCarty W, Norman C, Yu J, Yang Y, Li CH, Song LP, Zhao M
[^1]: **Author contributions:** *Wang D, Sun WW and Liang JH were responsible for the study design, implementing data analysis and writing the manuscript. Zhang JJ revised the manuscript. Zhang JJ and Liu SH were responsible for statistical analysis. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript*.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
}
|
Order Your Tyres Online Today
Order your cheap car tyres in Armley online with M&C Autocare and browse through thousands of full range tyres from budget to premium brands as well as specialist tyres. You can order your tyres online using our live interactive booking system 24/7 and they will arrive to us in time for your chosen fitting date, for perfectly fitted tyres choose us in Armley.
Being the only thing separating your car from the road, good quality tyres are essential for the overall performance and safety of your vehicle. Whilst all new tyres sold in the UK are required to conform to a series of minimum standards, we believe that a premium tyre offers the best performance, durability and safety.
Budget tyres are developed with a strict price point in mind, this is reflected in the quality of materials used in their construction to the technologies employed during their development. By contrast, a premium tyre will be developed with the intention of creating the best tyre possible, using superior materials and the latest technologies. The results often speak for themselves with premium tyres being harder wearing and better performing.
It is essential that the tyres on your vehicle are all maintained to the proper standard. If you are stopped and your tyres have insufficient tread you could face a fine and points on your licence. Not only this, but tyres with minimal tread do not produce the same grip or traction and can be incredibly unsafe to drive on posing a serious risk to yourself, your passengers and other road users.
Tread Depth - The 20p Test
Fortunately, keeping track of the condition of your tyres can be done at home with nothing more than a 20p piece. We have provided the following diagram to illustrate a simple test that you can conduct.
If you have any further questions regarding which tyres to order you can contact your local experts in Armley on 07555 629555 or Contact us using our contact form.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Nii Ntreh is interested in academic philosophy with specific attention to moral, social and political topics. Having taught philosophy at the University of Cape Coast for a while, Nii finds in new media, a more potent way to reach many with his passion of breaking down complexities.
Nigeria’s Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) has announced that it had busted a school for hopeful cybercriminals in the state of Akwa Ibom.
Taking to its Twitter account, the EFCC said the arrests and closing down of the building that housed the “Yahoo School” were made possible thanks to the Commission’s operatives in Abuja.
The arrested men allegedly used the building solely for the training of youngsters in various aspects of cyber criminality.
EFCC Arrests Operators, Trainees of Yahoo Academy in Akwa Ibom
Operatives of the EFCC, Uyo Zonal Office in a joint operation with some of the Commission's operatives from Abuja, in the early hours of Thursday, November 28, 2019, stormed a building described as 'YAHOO ACADEMY'… pic.twitter.com/F8ysW47ffh — EFCC Nigeria (@officialEFCC) December 1, 2019
During the raid on Essien Essien Street, Ikot Ibiok village in Eket Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, 23 suspects including the operators and trainees were arrested.
The suspects were between the ages of 19 and 35. They have confessed that they were undergoing training in various aspects of cyber criminality such as scams on romance, online trading scams, identity theft among others.
Last month, Nigerian authorities began investigations into a convicted fraudster who allegedly managed to run one of the country’s most successful internet fraud scams, but from behind bars.
Hope Olusegun Aroke, aka H-Money, is said to have coordinated schemes by a “network of accomplices” from the Kirikiri Maximum Security Prisons in Lagos.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Vazha Lortkipanidze
Vazha Lortkipanidze (; born November 29, 1949) is a Georgian politician, former State Minister of Georgia and Ambassador of Georgia to Russia, member of the Parliament of Georgia.
Early years
Lortkipanidze was born on November 29, 1949 in Tbilisi, Georgia. In 1973, he graduated from Mathematics Department of Tbilisi State University and Moscow Academy of Sciences with bachelor's and then doctoral degrees.
In 1983-1986, he was second and then first secretary of Central Committee of Georgian Komsomol during Eduard Shevardnadze's tenure as the First Secretary of Georgian SSR. In 1986-1988, he was the First Secretary of Mtatsminda Regional Committee of Communist Party of Georgia and then worked as the head of department in the CC of Communist Party of Georgia and in 1989-1990 as Deputy Chairman of Cabinet of Ministers of Georgia.
Political career
When Zviad Gamsakhurdia took over with independence of Georgia, Lortkipanidze left government work finding a job at Tbilisi Research Institute, but with Shevardnadze's return to power in January 1992, he was immediately appointed Chief of Staff of Presidential Administration of Georgia, a post he held until January 17, 1995. From 1995 through 1998, he was the Ambassador of Georgia to Russia. His additional duties were representing the Georgian side in the Russian-mediated negotiations with Abkhazia. He had good relations with high-ranking officials in the Russian government but at home he was considered pro-Russian by the opposition parties. Lortkipanidze was appointed State Minister of Georgia on July 31, 1998 shortly after Nikoloz Lekishvili resigned from the post on July 26 due to criticism on economic policies. Lortkipanidze left the post on May 11, 2000 and was replaced by Giorgi Arsenishvili. He was elected the leader of Christian-Democratic Union of Georgia in November 2002.
Considered a close ally to Shevardnadze, he was appointed the head of the campaign for pro-presidential block Alliance for New Georgia in the Georgian presidential election campaign.
He has a PhD in Economics and is currently a professor at Tbilisi State University. He married Irine Khomeriki in 1983 and they have two children: Nino (1984) and
Ana (1993).
References
Category:Diplomats of Georgia (country)
Category:Government ministers of Georgia (country)
Category:1949 births
Category:Living people
Category:Ambassadors of Georgia (country) to Russia
Category:Members of the Parliament of Georgia
Category:People from Tbilisi
Category:Tbilisi State University alumni
Category:20th-century politicians from Georgia (country)
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
You don't have to look 85 years into the future to see what a sinking world looks like—you only need to look as far as Miami.
Climate scientists have been warning the world about sea level rise for years, pleading with governments to cut back on carbon lest all our coastal cities go the way of Venice. In 2014, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released its fifth Assessment Report, predicting that oceans would rise more than 3 feet by 2100. Those projections make for some alarming visions of the future—cities water-logged, monuments submerged, islands created.
But the flooding is already happening in Florida. At the University of Miami's Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Brian McNoldy and other researchers have been accumulating sea level data from Virginia Key (a small island just south of Miami Beach) since 1996. Over those nineteen years, sea levels around the Miami coast have already gone up 3.7 inches. In a post updated yesterday, McNoldy highlights three big problems that follow from those numbers—and they should worry all of us.
Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science/University of Miami
First: Sea level rise is accelerating—perhaps faster than the IPCC has projected. When McNoldy tracked the average daily high water mark, when flooding events are most likely to occur, he saw it increase over time—but he also saw the rate of that increase go up. The last five years saw an average increase of 1.27 inches of water per year. If that rate holds steady for the next 50 years (and if McNoldy is right, it will only get worse), high tide levels in Miami would go up over five feet.
Second: Predictions about day-to-day tide levels are less accurate than ever, threatening the city's ability to plan for weather events. Tidal predictions are made through what’s called “astronomical factors”—essentially the moon’s orbit around the earth. But these don’t take into account factors like weather or sea level rise—so as climate change exacerbates sea level rise, tidal predictions will be more and more unreliable. While water levels in May 1996 typically were close to predicted values, McNoldy observed that the same values in May 2014 were consistently higher than predicted. That kind of discrepancy can’t be caused by weather alone.
Map of the Miami area, where colors indicate the depth to the water table. A lot of area is covered by 0-4 feet, including all of Miami Beach. Keren Bolter, Florida Atlantic University
Third: Besides creating higher risks of flooding, sea level rise is creating an unexpected danger: saltwater intrusion into aquifers used to extract freshwater. Almost 90 percent of south Florida’s drinking water is supplied by porous limestone aquifers. As sea levels rise, the saltwater exerts more pressure on the fresh water in the aquifer, and fresh water is pushed off further from the coast. Already, some cities have shut down wells because of saltwater contamination.
Based on what scientists can glean from sea level data from the past 20,000 years, McNoldy estimates that the world could still have up to 100 feet of sea level rise to go. He believes even if humans were to slow down or stop the man-made factors contributing to climate change, “we’re already pretty well committed to significant sea level rise. We would be more prudent to consider how to adapt to those conditions.”
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Q:
adding static time interval panel in Grafana Prometheus
I am trying to add a static panel to show total number of request for the current year in grafana prometheus
I am using sum(http_server_requests_seconds_count{}) for the current interval selection in grafana
Is any way i can do that for current year
A:
Use increase(http_server_requests_seconds_count[1y]). But it's not going to be fast. Or easy on Prometheus. Also, make sure you're using it as instant query (the Instant switch below the query textarea) or it's going to be even worse.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Targeting apoptosis via chemical design: inhibition of bid-induced cell death by small organic molecules.
Bid is a key member of the Bcl-2 family proteins involved in the control of the apoptotic cascade in cells, leading to cell death. Uncontrolled cell death is associated with several human pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic injuries. Therefore, Bid represents a potential yet unexplored and challenging target for strategies aimed at the development of therapeutic agents. Here we show that a multidisciplinary NMR-based approach that we named SAR by ILOEs (structure activity relationships by interligand nuclear Overhauser effect) allowed us to rationally design a series of 4-phenylsulfanyl-phenylamine derivatives that are capable of occupying a deep hydrophobic crevice on the surface of Bid. These compounds represent the first antiapoptotic small molecules targeting a Bcl-2 protein as shown by their ability to inhibit tBid-induced SMAC release, caspase-3 activation, and cell death.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Microscopic derivation of coarse-grained, energy-conserving generalized Langevin dynamics.
Properly simulating nonequilibrium phenomena such as thermal transport and shock wave propagation in complex condensed matter systems require the conservation of system's internal energy. This precludes the application of the coarse-grained (CG) generalized Langevin equation (GLE) dynamics due to the presence of dissipative interactions. Attempts to address this issue have been pursued both phenomenologically and from entropy-based first principles for dissipative particle dynamics (DPD, a Markovian variant of the CG GLE dynamics) by introducing an energy conserving extension of DPD (DPD-E). We present here a rigorous microscopic derivation of two energy conserving variants of the CG GLE dynamics by extending the CG equations of motion to include the GLE for certain internal energy observables of the microscopic system. We consider two choices of such observables: the total internal energy and a set of internal energies of the CG particles. The derivation is performed using the Mori-Zwanzig projection operator method in the Heisenberg picture for time evolution of thermodynamic expectations and the recently introduced interpretation of the Zwanzig projection operator [S. Izvekov, J. Chem. Phys. 146(12), 124109 (2017)] which allows an exact calculation of the memory and projected terms. We begin with equilibrium conditions and show that the GLE dynamics for the internal energy observables is purely dissipative. Our extension of the GLE dynamics to quasiequilibrium conditions (necessary to observe heat transport) is based on the generalized canonical ensemble approach and transport equation using the nonequilibrium statistical operator (NSO) method. We derive closed microscopic expressions for conductive heat transfer coefficients in the limit of neglecting dissipation in heat transfer and in the lowest order of deviation from equilibrium. After employing the Markov approximation, we compare the equations of motion to the published DPD-E equations. Our equations contain additional energy transfer terms not reported in the previous works. Additionally, we show that, despite neglecting dissipative processes in heat transport, the heat transfer coefficients and random force are related in a way reminiscent of the fluctuation-dissipation relation. The formalism presented here is sufficiently general for the rigorous formulation of the GLE dynamics for arbitrary microscopic phase space observables as well as sampling different microscopic ensembles in CG simulations.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
トヨタ自動車は11月22日、子会社でハウスメーカーの手がけるトヨタホームが同業のミサワホームを連結子会社化すると発表した。人口減少を見据え、リフォームなど既存住宅を対象とした「ストックビジネス」の強化や高齢者向け住宅など新領域への進出には単独での対応は難しく、従来以上に両社の連携を強化する必要があると判断した。
ミサワホームのWebサイトより
トヨタホームはミサワホーム株式の27.84％を保有する筆頭株主だが、11月28日から実施する株式公開買い付け（TOB）と、来年3月末までの払い込みで実施する第三者割当増資を引き受け、計約200億円で51％を取得、ミサワホームを連結子会社化する。ミサワホームは東証1部・名証1部上場を維持する見通し。
トヨタホームはトヨタの住宅事業部門を独立する形で2004年に設立。トヨタ自動車がミサワホームと2005年に資本提携し、トヨタホームとミサワホームは資材の共同調達や土地の共同購入・分譲などで共同事業を進めてきた経緯がある。
ミサワホームは社名、ブランドなどは従来通り維持する一方、技術・商品開発や資材調達などはシステム統合や相互活用で効率化する。
2016年3月期の連結売上高は、トヨタホームが1671億円、ミサワホームが3993億円。
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Heroin: 29 charged in Rockland drug ring
NEW CITY – Nearly 30 people tied to an oxycodone and heroin trafficking ring have been charged with selling the drugs across Rockland, including at the Palisades Center and its parking lots, the Shops at Nanuet, and local motels, officials said Wednesday.
The alleged leader, Victor "Tonchi" Esteban, also operated at times out of his home at the Mount Ivy Trailer Park in Pomona, Rockland and federal prosecutors said during a news conference at the District Attorney's Office.
Esteban is accused of organizing the distribution ring and buying heroin from an alleged dealer in the Bronx
A total of 17 people - including nine from Rockland - face federal drug conspiracy charges while another 12 face state a felony charge of fourth-degree conspiracy. So far. authorities said, 12 people have been arrested on the federal drug conspiracy charges and 10 on the state charge.
Rockland District Attorney Thomas Zugibe said the 29 people included street gang members and people with criminal records.
The Rockland Drug Task Force initiated the case, dubbed "Operation True Blue," and played a prominent role in the undercover investigation, which included street buys and surveillance of cell phones and social media accounts.
"Dealers in this operation are alleged to have sunk to a new low, selling prescription drugs and heroin at popular locations where parents drop off their kids to see a movie, attend a birthday party or spend time ice skating with friends," Zugibe said.
Zugibe and U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara detailed the investigation at a news conference Wednesday. They were joined by the Drug Enforcement Administration special agent Chris Roberts, Rockland Drug Task Force Director Christopher Goldrick, County Executive Ed Day and local police officials.
The ring members obtained large quantities of oxycodone, a highly addictive prescription drug, through forged and fraudulent prescriptions passed at pharmacies across the state, authorities said. Some members posed as doctors who called the pharmacies as part of the fraud.
Federal agents searched the Harlem apartment of Jushawn Stevens on Oct. 6. The agents found a printer set up to print prescriptions on official New York State prescription paper and more than 30 fraudulent prescriptions for oxycodone.
Undercover officers made numerous buys from the suspects from early 2014 until March. Those arrested are accused of selling more than 50,000 oxycodone tablets, with an estimated value topping more than $1 million, Zugibe said.
Dealers sold oxycodone inside and around the Palisades Center and, to a lesser degree, in and around the Shops of Nanuet. They also sold heroin and other drugs in rented motel rooms along the Route 59 strip.
Clarkstown Police Chief Michael Sullivan and Zugibe both noted that despite the mall connection to the case, few violent crimes occur at either shopping center.
The 17 people who face federal charges each face two counts: conspiracy to sell oxycodone and conspiracy to sell heroin.
Investigators said Esteban bought heroin in the Bronx from Juan Agramonte and sold bundles - called "buns" or "bunnies" - to local dealers. They used the code words "food" and "dog food" for heroin, selling the drug for about $70 a gram.
The ring members reportedly coordinated with each other via social media, text messages and cell phone calls. At one point, one of the accused conspirators allegedly said "he had 'clientele' for the heroin, stating that 'everybody in Monsey is using that' and 'if I have food my brother, I am gonna take over here in Monsey."'
The alleged dealers also identified themselves on Twitter as "Too Much Cash," or "TMC," the indictment says. One alleged dealer, Andrew Flores, tweeted in June, "Shout out my TMC bros we taking over the streets."
Those with local addresses indicted on the federal charges are: Esteban, 27, whose addresses are listed as the Bronx, Middletown and Pomona; Miguel Cabrera, 25, of Haverstraw; Romello Deloatch, 20, of Spring Valley; Flores, 26, of New City; Rolando Garcia, 20, of Garnerville; Elom Kaledzi, 31, of New City; Christian Minyana, 21 of Garnerville; Pedro Perez, 36, of Garnerville and the Bronx; Jimmy Rodriguez, 22, of Spring Valley; and Thomas, 20, of Pomona.
Also charged federally were Juan Agramonte, 49, of the Bronx; Edwin Ceballos, 27, of New York City; Roharil Cruz, 27, of New York City; Wesley Jackson, 27, of Newburgh; Brandon Morillo, 22, of New York City; Ramon Morillo, 29, of New York City; and Stevens, 29, of New York City.
Those facing state charges whose names have been released include Meaghan White, 35, of Valley Cottage, who is serving 10 years probation after being convicted of felony third-degree rape charge for having sex with a 16-year-old boy at the Leakes & Watts residential center for troubled youths in Yonkers, where she was a teacher.
Others whose names have been released are Donald Bibbins, 29, of West Haverstraw; Ruth Mendez, 27, of Haverstraw; William Kremmer, 50, of Pomona; Andres Perkins, 29, of New City; Frank Mancuso, 29, of Thiells; Joseph and April Mongelli, both 33, of Pomona; and Juan Vazquez, 34, of Garnerville.
Twitter: @lohudlegal
Read the indictment:
https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1693273-drug-trafficking-indictment.html
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Conceptual style and life satisfaction following spinal cord injury.
The major purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between conceptual style and life satisfaction following a physical loss. It was predicted that conceptual abstractness is positively associated with life satisfaction. Fifty-four men between the ages of 18 and 41 who were paraplegic or quadriplegic, because of a spinal cord injury that occurred at least 18 months prior to the interview, were asked to complete questionnaires designed to measure their conceptual styles and their satisfaction with various aspects of their lives. The data suggest that: the respondents were generally satisfied with life; dissatisfaction was frequently greatest in family and other intimate relationships; and physical trauma may trigger changes in conceptual style in the direction of greater complexity and abstractness. The predicted positive association between conceptual abstractness and life satisfaction was supported in several instances by the data.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Q:
I'm stuck in an endless loading screen. Is this normal?
I have a Nintendo DS with a DSOne Flash Card with EOS installed on it.
Before the software update, it works completely fine.
Just recently, I've managed to find an software update. However, after the update - It seems to be stuck in an endless loading screen.
There's several things that were suggested to do to find the problem, such as using the troubleshooter (holding LT and RT while the DS is starting), but it is to avail.
In case, here's the results:
Test Flash
flash id ok!
flash ok!
Test sd card
sd ok! no find test file.
Test Psram
psram ok!
Now SuperCard DS Version:
English Ver1.01
Test finished.
Is there something else that I'm missing? Am I using the wrong EOS version for my card? Is there any other update steps I missed?
A:
I would suggest you do make sure you are using the right version for your card and that you removed the previous files required on the SD card so that only the new files are there, otherwise version conflicts may occur. You didn't specify your update method and as I recall this card had two options: one to simply rewrite files on the SD card, and another using a special update adapter.
I would suggest also trying to download and update the files from a different computer or internet connection if you have occasional issues with your ISP as many people do these days it is possible your download was actually corrupted but not in a way that your computer detected.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Attophysics
Attophysics also known as attoscience is a branch of physics wherein attosecond (10−18 s) duration pulses of electrons or photons are used to probe dynamic processes in matter with unprecedented time resolution. The majority of attoscience employs pump–probe methods.
One of the primary goals of attosecond science is to provide more insights into the dynamics of electrons in molecules.
Today, attophysicists mostly study molecular phenomena, such as how a particular protein breaks down under X-ray bombardment.
See also
Paul Corkum
Ferenc Krausz
Femtochemistry
Femtotechnology
Harmonic Generation
Anne L'Huillier
Ultrashort pulse
References
Stopping Time: What can you do in a billionth of a billionth of a second?
Category:Particle physics
Category:Articles containing video clips
Category:Time-resolved spectroscopy
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Why is there so much talk lately about getting rid of Confederate flags? Because while some in the South see it as a symbol of their heritage, others believe it’s a symbol of slavery, oppression, and treason. The flags belong in a museum, not outside a government institution.
American Family Radio’s Bryan Fischer thinks the controversy is much simpler than that. Some people just find the flag offensive and they want it taken down. If that’s the case, he says, he wants rainbow flags to come down as well.
“If we are going to ban the Confederate flag because it is divisive, how about we ban the LGBT flag at school?” he said. “If we are going to ban the Confederate flag at school because it creates division, because it arouses division, because it is offensive to people, because it so violates their most deeply held values about human sexuality, I propose that everywhere —
everywhere — where the Confederate flag is banned, that we propose that along with it, at the same time, that the LGBT rainbow flag be banned at exactly the same time for exactly the same reasons.” “It is offensive, it is contrary to our most deeply held values, it divides people, it does not bring them together,” Fischer asserted. “It’s time to have the LGBT flag banned right alongside the Confederate flag. If we’re going to ban one, I submit we need to ban the other.”
He’s missing the point (as usual).
The rainbow flag represents diversity and inclusion. LGBTQ people never owned other human beings. They want to be included in the melting pot of America, not separate themselves from it. They want their rights to be respected; they’re not trying to take them away from anyone else (no matter what Fischer argues about bakeries, florists, and Kim Davis).
There’s a substantive difference in their symbols.
Also, how many schools are flying a rainbow flag?! That’s not a thing that happens.
But leave it to Fischer to take a topic — any topic — and link it to homosexuality. For Christians like him, all roads lead to sodomy.
(via Right Wing Watch)
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
254 B.R. 368 (2000)
In re Crystal G. FRANK, Debtor.
Crystal G. Frank, Plaintiff,
v.
Gulf States Finance Company, Defendant.
Bankruptcy No. 99-35130-H2-13. Adversary No. 99-3710.
United States Bankruptcy Court, S.D. Texas, Houston Division.
September 8, 2000.
*369 Johnie J. Patterson, High Point, NC, for Debtor.
William T. Green III, Houston, TX, for Gulf States.
FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
WESLEY W. STEEN, Bankruptcy Judge.
In this adversary proceeding, Crystal Frank, (the "Debtor"), seeks a judgment for damages (including punitive damages) from Gulf States Finance Company ("Gulf States") for alleged wrongful repossession and sale of her automobile subsequent to dismissal of the bankruptcy case but prior to reinstatement of the case. After trial on the merits, the Court concludes that the repossession and the sale do not violate § 362 of the Bankruptcy Code because the dismissal of a bankruptcy case is effective immediately and terminates the automatic stay upon entry of the order by the clerk. However, Gulf States' action violates state law and constitutes a breach of contract. Therefore, an award of damages is appropriate. However, the court *370 declines to award punitive damages because the Debtor is chargeable with substantial misconduct and because the Court is not convinced that the Debtor has made a reasonable effort to mitigate damages.
JURISDICTION
This is an adversary proceeding, a civil proceeding, arising in a case under title 11 and arising under title 11 of the United States Code. The United States District Court has jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b). By Order dated August 9, 1984, under authority granted by 28 U.S.C. § 157(a), the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas referred all such proceedings to the bankruptcy judges for the district. This is a core proceeding as defined by 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(C), (G), and (O). The bankruptcy judge may hear and may determine core proceedings, 28 U.S.C. 157(b)(1). Neither party contests jurisdiction over the subject matter and both consent to entry of a final order by the bankruptcy judge.[1]
FACTS[2]
On March, 17.1999,[3] the Debtor purchased a 1994 Mitsubishi Galant from Charlie Thomas Ford for $7,148.08 (cash price, not including finance charges). The Debtor made a $2,000 down payment and the balance of the purchase price was financed by Gulf States. The Debtor signed a Motor Vehicle Retail Installment Contract[4] which granted Gulf States a security interest in the vehicle, including the usual rights to repossess and to sell the vehicle according to Texas law if the Debtor failed to fulfill her obligations under the contract. The contract required Gulf States to give the Debtor notice of the time and place of a public sale.[5]
About two months later, on May 26, the Debtor filed her chapter 13 petition that initiated this case. When the case was filed, the Court entered a routine Initial Order[6] that required the Debtor, among other things, to file all delinquent tax returns not later than July 26,[7] with a copy of each delinquent return to be provided to IRS Special Procedures (at an address specified in the order) to facilitate quick determination of priority tax claims to be paid under the plan. The order also required the Debtor to provide the chapter 13 trustee with copies of all tax returns filed while the case was pending.
On September 17, 1999, the chapter 13 trustee filed a motion to dismiss the Debtor's bankruptcy case alleging, among other *371 things, that the Debtor had not filed her 1998 income tax return and therefore the trustee could not determine whether the plan met the statutory requirement to provide for payment of all priority tax claims. The Debtor's response, filed September 20, admitted the trustee's allegations.[8]
On October 26, the Court conducted a "chapter 13 panel" at which numerous chapter 13 cases were called for hearing on confirmation, dismissal, etc. According to the minute entry from that date, the chapter 13 trustee reported that the Debtor had still not filed her 1998 return. The case was dismissed by order signed on that date and entered on October 29.
Ten days later, November 8, Gulf States repossessed the vehicle.[9]
The next day, November 9, the Debtor filed an emergency motion to reconsider the dismissal and to reinstate the case. The Debtor asserted that the Court should reconsider the dismissal and should reinstate the case because the Debtor had finally filed her 1998 tax return, but had (by mistake) not complied with the Initial Order requirement to send a copy of the delinquent return to the chapter 13 trustee or to the IRS Special Procedures division. It is not clear when the Debtor filed the 1998 return. Presumably it was filed some time between September 20 and November 9.[10]
On November 10, Debtor's counsel personally notified Gulf States' counsel that a motion to reinstate had been filed.[11] On November 17 Gulf States' counsel was notified that the Court had set an emergency hearing on the motion. The hearing was set for November 23.[12] Neither in these telephone conversations nor by any other means did Gulf States inform Debtor's counsel of the intended imminent sale of the vehicle or of the time or place of the sale.[13]
Gulf States did deposit into the U.S. Mails a written notice of repossession and right of redemption but, as more fully set forth below, the Court concludes that the notice is insufficient to satisfy statutory and contractual requirements. Whether or not the language of the notice was sufficient. Debtor testified that she never received it. Debtor's testimony is corroborated by other evidence, as discussed more fully below, and the Court finds that the Debtor never received the notice because it was not properly addressed.
On November 18, Gulf States sold the vehicle at auction for $1,854.75.[14]
Gulf States did not file any response to the Debtor's motion to reinstate the case and Gulf States did not appear at the hearing to oppose reinstatement or to seek any limitation on the relief sought by the Debtor. In particular, but without limitation, the Court finds that Gulf States was aware of the emergency hearing on reinstatement and that Gulf States did not ask the Court to deny the relief or to limit the relief to avoid prejudice to Gulf States' actions during the period that the dismissal was in effect. It was clear from the tone of Gulf States' presentation at trial that Gulf States rests entirely on its legal analysis (i) that it had no duty to give actual notice of repossession and sale to the Debtor, and (ii) that vacating the order of dismissal would have no effect on transactions *372 occurring prior to vacating the order of dismissal.
At the hearing on November 23, there was no objection to the Debtor's motion to vacate the order of dismissal. The Court granted the motion and signed an order that provides: "ORDERED that the Order of Dismissal entered October 29, 1999, is vacated . . . "[15]
ADDITIONAL FINDINGS OF FACT COMBINED WITH CONCLUSIONS OF LAW AND ANALYSIS
Neither of the parties to this dispute comes across as especially deserving protection in a court of equity.
The Debtor filed a chapter 13 bankruptcy case only two months after purchasing the vehicle that is in dispute here. Although she purchased the vehicle for $7,148 (and financed $6,072 of that amount), Debtor asserted that the vehicle was only worth $4,300 and Debtor's plan only proposed to repay that amount.[16] On the other hand, as discussed more fully below, either through gross negligence or willful misconduct, Gulf States addressed the repossession notice to the Debtor at an incorrect address and never did give the Debtor any notice that Gulf States would sell the vehicle at a public auction. Finally, notwithstanding the fact that the vehicle had been purchased by the Debtor only eight months earlier for $7,148. Gulf States asserts that the auction sale for $1,854.75 was a commercially reasonable transaction.
Continuing to assess the equities of the case, the Court concludes that the Debtor is clearly at fault for dismissal of this case, which dismissal resulted in this dispute. Despite the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code establishing deadlines for filing tax returns, and despite a court order (served three different ways on the Debtor and her counsel), the Debtor failed to file her 1998 federal income tax return until October or shortly thereafter at least six months late under the Internal Revenue Code and at least four months late based on the Court's Initial Order. In addition, when she finally did file her tax return, she did not comply with the requirements of the Initial Order to serve copies on IRS Special Procedures or on the chapter 13 trustee. The Debtor did not timely file a pleading indicating that the return had been filed and did not appear at the October 26 hearing to inform the Court that the return had been filed. In essence, the ultimate cause of this dispute was Debtor's failing to comply with the specific procedures established by the Court to avoid inefficient case administration.
On the other hand, Gulf States rushed to repossession and to sale without regard for the requirement to send notice to the correct address, without clearly indicating in the notice how and when the collateral would be sold, and without disclosing the imminent sale despite being engaged in direct conversations with Debtor's counsel. After consideration of all of the facts and circumstances, the Court is convinced that Gulf States intentionally violated the contract and the law so that it could sell the vehicle prior to the hearing on reinstatement of the case.
The Debtor is also at fault in causing the events at issue in this case because the Debtor did nothing to reinstate her case between October 26 (when the case was dismissed) and November 8 (when her car was repossessed). Only after the car was repossessed did she file an emergency motion to reinstate and inform the Court, for the first time, that she had finally filed her tax return.
Therefore, while the Court ultimately finds that Gulf States is responsible for damages caused by its breach of contract *373 and law, the Court will not award punitive damages and will not award the full amount of damages requested for loss of wages.
SPECIFIC ALLEGATIONS, AND FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
Whether notice of repossession and sale were adequate:
First, there is the matter of the address to which the notice of repossession was sent. In the stipulated facts, the parties agreed that a Notice of Repossession and right to Redeem ("Notice") was sent to
Frank, Crystal
3418 Summer Tree Drive
Houston, TX 77241[17]It is clear that this notice was never received by Debtor or by her counsel. Debtor had moved to another address shortly before the repossession of the vehicle.
Gulf States argues that it fulfilled all of the contractual and statutory requirements by sending this notice, regardless of whether the address was correct. Gulf States argues that Debtor specified her address in the Retail Installment Contract and that the Debtor had a duty under the contract to inform Gulf States of any change in her address. This argument is ludicrous. First, the address that Gulf States used is not the address given in the contract. Although it is not clear where Gulf States obtained the address to which the notice was sent, it is clear that the contract was not the source. Therefore, Debtor's failure to update the address is not the source of the error. But even more important, the Debtor did give Gulf States a correct mailing address when she filed her bankruptcy case. In fact, Gulf States addressed mail to her at this address during the course of the case.[18] Yet, when Gulf States sent a notice of repossession, it did not use the correct address that the Debtor provided. Second, the vehicle was repossessed from the Debtor's new address. If Gulf States could find the Debtor to repossess the vehicle, it seems that they could find her address to send her a notice of repossession and sale.
In addition, regardless of what address was put on the notice, it is beyond cavil that the notice does not comply with the contract or with the law. The contract requires notice of the time and place of public sale. The notice contains no such information. The notice required by the contract and by state law is not difficult to give. Gulf States presented no evidence concerning why it did not give proper notice.
The combination of these factors is more than sufficient to convince the Court that Gulf States intentionally failed to give proper notice so that the sale would take place before the hearing on reinstatement of the case. The Court also reaches this conclusion because Gulf States' counsel failed to disclose the proposed sale when *374 personally notified by Debtor's counsel that he had filed a motion to reinstate the bankruptcy case. Gulf States thus avoided a motion by the Debtor for a more expedited hearing. Gulf States does not deny these charges when made by the Debtor. Gulf States rested on its interpretation of the law as not requiring more effective disclosure and not requiring any disclosure whatsoever to Debtor's counsel.
Whether there was a violation of the Bankruptcy Code § 362 stay:
The Debtor argues that the repossession of the vehicle technically violated the automatic stay. Debtor's counsel, in his Response to Motion for Summary Judgment, argues as follows. Bankruptcy Code § 541 included the vehicle as property of the estate. Bankruptcy Code § 362(c)(1) provides that the automatic stay continues, with respect to property of the estate, until the property ceases to be property of the estate. Under FRBP 9001(7), the order dismissing the case was a "judgment." FRBP 9014 and 7062 provide that Rule 62 of the FRCP applies to judgments entered in contested matters. FRCP 62 provides that no action may be taken in enforcement of a judgment for 10 days following its entry. The order dismissing the case was entered October 29, 1999. Repossession occurred November 8, 1999, exactly 10 calendar days later. Therefore, the order dismissing the case was not yet final and repossession was premature.
The authority is almost unanimously to the contrary. An order dismissing a case is not subject to the limitations of FRBP 7062. It is effective immediately upon entry and the stay terminates immediately. Fish Market Nominee Corp. v. Pelofsky, 72 F.3d 4 (1st Cir.1995); In re de Jesus Saez, 721 F.2d 848 (1st Cir.1983), In re Weston, 101 B.R. 202 (Bankr.E.D.Cal. 1989), aff'd, 123 B.R. 466, 1991 WL 7112 (9th Cir. BAP 1991), aff'd, 967 F.2d 596, 1992 WL 151867 (9th Cir.1992), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 1051, 113 S.Ct. 973, 122 L.Ed.2d 128, (1993); In re Doherty, 229 B.R. 461 (Bankr.E.D.Wash.1999); See also In re Lashley, 825 F.2d 362 (11th Cir. 1987), cert. den. 484 U.S. 1075, 108 S.Ct. 1051, 98 L.Ed.2d 1013, reh'g denied 485 U.S. 1016, 108 S.Ct. 1493, 99 L.Ed.2d 720; In re Thomas, 194 B.R. 641 (Bankr.D.Ariz. 1995). Therefore, Debtor's first argument is rejected.[19]
Second, Debtor argues that even if the preceding reasons were not sufficient, the order of dismissal was vacated. Debtor argues that when the order of dismissal was vacated, all of its consequences (including termination of the automatic stay) were terminated. Therefore, Debtor argues the stay remained in effect because the vehicle remained as property of the estate.
The Court also rejects this argument. Once the stay has terminated, it is not reimposed by reinstating a case, at least not with respect to foreclosure sales that have occurred prior to the reinstatement. See the cases cited above as authority for the proposition that the stay terminates immediately upon dismissal. See also In re Nagel, 245 B.R. 657 (D.Ariz.1999).
There are cases, such as In re Nail, 195 B.R. 922 (Bankr.N.D.Ala.1996) which hold that an order reinstating a case also reinstates the automatic stay with respect to creditor conduct that occurs subsequent to the reinstatement. The Court specifically declines to consider that issue here, and holds merely that even if a case is reinstated, the automatic stay is not retroactively reinstated with respect to creditor conduct that occurred between the dismissal and the reinstatement.
To be complete, it should be apparent that even if the Court were to conclude that Gulf States violated the automatic stay, the Court would not consider these circumstances to be appropriate for the award of punitive damages because the *375 Debtor's own conduct so substantially contributed to the damages.[20]
TEXAS BUSINESS AND COMMERCE CODE
Texas Business and Commerce Code § 9.504(c) requires a secured party to send to the debtor "reasonable notification of the time and place of any public sale." Texas Business and Commerce Code § 9 .507(a) provides that a sale violative of § 9.504 entitles the debtor "to recover from the secured party any loss caused by a failure to comply with the provisions of this subchapter." As noted above, (i) the notice sent by Gulf States was sent to an "old" address, (ii) the Debtor never received the notice because the Debtor had moved to a new address prior to the date that Gulf States sent the notice, (iii) Gulf States did not use the address provided by the Debtor in the contract, (iv) the Debtor gave Gulf States a correct address when the case was filed and Gulf States used the correct address in prior correspondence with the Debtor in the case, but Gulf States ignored the correct address to give the notice of repossession, (v) Gulf States was able to find Debtor's correct address to repossess the car, but apparently was unable to find the correct address to give the notice, and (vi) in conversations with Debtor's counsel, Gulf States intentionally withheld notice that the sale would take place prior to a hearing in this court on reinstatement of the case. Finally, the notice that was actually sent was only a notice of repossession, not a notice of sale, and does not specify the time and place of the public sale.
Even if the Court were incorrect in concluding that Gulf States intentionally failed to give proper notice of the sale of the collateral, it seems exceptionally clear that Gulf States did not comply with the contractual or the statutory requirement to send to the Debtor reasonable notification of the time and place of the public sale.
Amount of Damages
The Debtor testified that she lost her job because she lost her car. She also testified that she has been unable to find a job since November, 1999. The Debtor did not testify concerning what kind of work she does, nor did she testify concerning what efforts she has made to find new work. The Debtor testified that she is unable to find work unless she has a car; but that testimony is simply self-serving, unsubstantiated, and not credible. While it might be true that the Debtor lost a few months work, it is not credible that she has been unable to find work for almost a year because she does not have a car.
Debtor testified that when she was employed she "took home" $1,200 to $1,300 per month. The Court will allow damages equal to 3 months lost income: $3,750. The Court sees insufficient evidence to conclude that the Debtor could not obtain new employment after 3 months. In addition, the Court will disallow any claim in this case asserted by Gulf States.[21] Finally, the Court will allow attorney's fees in the amount of $ 7,213.35.[22]
NOTES
[1] Joint Pretrial Statement paragraph 2.
[2] The findings of fact include judicial notice of the prior hearings and pleadings in this case.
[3] All dates below, unless otherwise indicated, are in calendar year 1999. Therefore the year will not be repeated.
[4] Gulf States Exhibit 1.
[5] See Gulf States Exhibit 1 and the Admissions of Fact in the Joint Pretrial Statement. Hereafter, the Admissions of Fact in the Joint Pretrial Statement will be referred to as "Stipulated Fact ". The Motor Vehicle Retail Installment Contract states, in enumerating the repossession rights: "In the event of repossession of the described vehicle, Seller (Holder) will give Buyer reasonable notice of the time and place of any public sale thereof or of the date after which any private sale may be held or any other intended disposition thereof is to be made."
[6] Docket # 4. The Initial Order states: "One of the most frequent problems (resulting in delays, additional expense and waste of judicial resources) in chapter 13 cases is the failure to file tax returns timely." The order then goes on (i) to require the filing of delinquent returns within 60 days (with a copy to be provided to IRS Special Procedures at an address specified in the order to facilitate determination of delinquent taxes), and (ii) to require that the Debtor file all post-bankruptcy returns timely at the usual address for filing such returns. A copy of the Initial Order was handed to the person filing the bankruptcy petition, a copy was mailed to Debtor's counsel, and a copy was mailed to the Debtor. See Docket # 4.
[7] I.e. within 60 days after the bankruptcy case was filed.
[8] Docket # 11. The Debtor had earlier (August 27, 1999) filed an affidavit docket # 8 stating that she was not required to file tax returns for 1996 or 1997. The Debtor did not deny that she was required to file a return for 1998 and did not, at that time, file the return.
[9] Stipulated Fact (G).
[10] Debtor's answer to the Trustee's motion admits that the return had not been filed as of October 20. The November 9 emergency motion states that the return had been filed.
[11] Stipulated Fact (J).
[12] Stipulated Fact (L).
[13] Stipulated Face (N).
[14] Stipulated Fact (M).
[15] Docket # 20.
[16] A $2,000 decline in value over 60 days is questionable under the principles established in Associates Commercial Corp. v. Rash, 520 U.S. 953, 117 S.Ct. 1879, 138 L.Ed.2d 148 (1997).
[17] At trial, it became apparent that Debtor never had any connection with that address. Then Gulf States' counsel argued that he had made a mistake and that the notice was actually sent to
Frank, Crystal
8418 Summer Tree Drive
Houston, TX 77241. [Emphasis Supplied.]
The Court has looked carefully at Exhibit 2. Although it is possible, as counsel argues, that it is simply a bad copy, the Court is not convinced. The second "8" in the address is clear. Based on the evidence introduced at trial, the Court believes that the notice was not addressed properly, or if it was, the address was so difficult to make out that it is probable that it was not delivered to the right address. The illegible address is attributable to Gulf States. At any rate, as indicated above, the Court definitively finds that Gulf States recklessly or willfully ignored Debtor's correct address and that neither the Debtor nor her counsel received the notice.
[18] Debtor's testimony. See also docket # 6 in this case, Gulf States' counsel's notice of appearance and request for notices. Gulf States' counsel served that notice on Debtor at her proper post office address.
[19] See also 10 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 7062.02 (rev. 15th ed. 1999).
[20] Bankruptcy Code § 362(h) provides that an individual injured by a willful violation of the automatic stay may recover punitive damages "in appropriate circumstances." The Court does not consider this to be "appropriate circumstances."
[21] Bankruptcy Code § 502(j).
[22] Fees accrued pre-trial of $6,763.35 and $450 allowed for 2 hours at trial.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
There’s a beauty in the transition of a transgender child that is a transformation to life. Last week I wrote about health care and my son’s one year anniversary on T injections. For almost two years I have gotten to see the beauty of it in not only my son, but in other children. I’m taking a break from the issues to talk about beauty that parents of trans kids get to see that others don’t.
We’re lucky to live in Chicago. Once a month we go to a group connected with Lurie Children’s Hospital in Chicago. They have one of the world’s leading gender clinics. There is a program that parents and teens go to. It starts off as a pizza party. The teens, parents, and boyfriends and girlfriends of single parents all gather over pizza and catch up. Then the kids go in one room and the adults go to another. What goes on in those programmed meetings are something I will write about another day. What I want to focus on is the beauty of seeing the kids month after month.
You see new parents and kids come to their first program. An uncertain parent who doesn’t know “all the right words” and a teen who has recently come out looking nervous surrounded by new kids. Within a few months the parent is speaking “the lingo” right along with the rest of us and the kid is alive with bright smiles talking with all the other kids there like they have known each other all their lives.
Here is the point and there is no way to describe the experience when your heart swells every month. Month after month I have seen the transformation of transition happen. You see these young people grow into themselves more and more. Their clothing style adapts, the testosterone or estrogen treatments take affect. The voice training comes into it’s own. The validation and support has them change right before your eyes. It happens so fast and along with the transition is so much beauty.
With my son I have gotten to hear his lovely voice deepen. I have taught him to shave. His body has changed. There is the fashion and the hair and the swagger come into play. You see this in a lot of the young men. With the young ladies you see the voice soften, the body change, the hair and fashion develop. The same is true for the young ones who live beyond the binary. Beyond that, there is something else. Something that is more than the smiles and the changes that are visible. It is the becoming.
They are not becoming the young men and women and non binary, they always were. They are becoming themselves and unlike the rest of us, they are aware of it. It is more than gender, it is not about passing, it is about becoming. The becoming is the beauty that shines a little brighter every month.
This becoming is beauty. The becoming is living poetry and jazz. When you see the becoming you are moved beyond explanation. As the hearts of the becoming swell, so does yours. The smiles beam light into the room and your heart. The laughter fills your ears and is music. They.Are.Beautiful.
I live for the becoming. The beauty of transformation is in the becoming.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
And then there was Aunt Edith’s delivery service for close friends and family. Every year, we looked forward to a package of sweet sticky pecan rolls, and two kinds of kuchen, one made with little purple plums and another with apples and honey.
A kuchen (German for cake) is easy to love and not too difficult to produce. More coffeecake than dessert, the simplest kuchen involves a quickly made batter topped with sliced fruit of some sort, sprinkled with sugar and baked. Some versions use a yeasted sweet dough.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Making remote working secure, resilient and reliable (UK) - bdfh42
https://www.innovateuk.org/competition-display-page/-/asset_publisher/RqEt2AKmEBhi/content/making-remote-working-secure-resilient-and-reliable?p_p_auth=DS6E30vo&utm_source=http%3a%2f%2fengage.innovateuk.org%2ftechnologystrategyboardlz%2f&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Making+remote+working+secure%2c+resilient+and+reliable+C1&utm_term=Funding%c2%a0Available+-+Making+remote+working+secure%2c+resilient+and+reliable&utm_content=110504&gator_td=Levqfc3Qfs2%2fKfoJEIotibbqJiDXJG%2bfWjY8mJyeQP0fzgz%2bPXWT9aURBiMaOi%2fIP%2flE8nfRIU4jQqK4f5UplxA2oe28aOr1Xgb6J44tEHQJ4hWclCCN0v5kBJ2l6dHPfVdVT0mqHoySLPtBL0LbujSyfcTq0zmmPSZ4jxE1VtYBsQ%2fGKDFAAXTUYbeZKgaYpE%2b1i%2fSN2TAQyvNraMdaAh3Ahh3rq8wWHl775yEQ21o%3d
======
bdfh42
An interesting arena for a start-up with 60% funding ready and waiting.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "HackerNews"
}
|
London: WhatsApp users have reportedly discovered a flaw in the messaging service, as a result of which, even those who have apparently left this world, appear `active` in the virtual world.
The apparent flaw was discovered when a subscriber noticed a friend`s account appeared active, two years after he died.
It was later revealed that the confusion arose because the mobile phone operator had reassigned the late person`s number to someone else.
As WhatsApp users are identified only through their phone number, instead of any user name, the incidence has highlighted a security gap which could lead to people sending messages to wrong recipients.
A WhatsApp employee has advised that in order to avoid such confusion, one must delete the old mobile phone number from their address book.
Meanwhile, an online security expert Graham Cluley said that it is clearly distressing for the friends and family of someone who has passed away to suddenly see them apparently `alive and active` on WhatsApp adding that it would be better if the app required password or email address for user registration.
WhatsApp was founded in 2009, and now boasts of more than 350million users worldwide which is 120million more than Twitter, however, it has been distressed by security concerns, the report added.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
[A European discussion about stem cells for therapeutic use].
Stem cells as a source material for growing cellular transplants to repair dysfunctional organs appear to be a new challenge for medical science. Though stem cells are also present in foetal and adult organs, embryonic stem cells from the pre-implantation embryo in particular have the potency to proliferate easily in vitro and the capacity to differentiate into all the body's organ-specific cells. Therefore, these are the ideal cells for developing new cell transplantation therapies for diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes mellitus and heart failure. The use of spare in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos or pre-implantation embryos specially created to harvest human embryonic stem cells is, however, controversial and an ethical problem. In a European discussion platform organised by the European Commission Research Directorate-General, the status quo of the progress was presented and subsequently commented upon and discussed in terms of medical-ethical, social, industrial and patient interests. The expectations of this new medical technology were high, but clinical trials seem only acceptable once the in vitro differentiation of stem cells can be adequately controlled and once it is known how in vitro prepared stem cells behave after implantation. The ethical justification of the use of in vitro pre-implantation embryos remains controversial. The prevailing view is that the interests of severely ill patients for whom no adequate therapy exists, surmounts the interest of protection of a human in vitro pre-implantation embryo, regardless of whether it was the result of IVF or of transplantation of a somatic cell nucleus of the patient in an enucleated donor egg cell (therapeutic cloning).
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<string name="hello">Hello World, Click Me!</string>
<string name="app_name">Playground.Forms.Droid</string>
</resources>
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build go1.13
// Package ed25519 implements the Ed25519 signature algorithm. See
// https://ed25519.cr.yp.to/.
//
// These functions are also compatible with the “Ed25519” function defined in
// RFC 8032. However, unlike RFC 8032's formulation, this package's private key
// representation includes a public key suffix to make multiple signing
// operations with the same key more efficient. This package refers to the RFC
// 8032 private key as the “seed”.
//
// Beginning with Go 1.13, the functionality of this package was moved to the
// standard library as crypto/ed25519. This package only acts as a compatibility
// wrapper.
package ed25519
import (
"crypto/ed25519"
"io"
)
const (
// PublicKeySize is the size, in bytes, of public keys as used in this package.
PublicKeySize = 32
// PrivateKeySize is the size, in bytes, of private keys as used in this package.
PrivateKeySize = 64
// SignatureSize is the size, in bytes, of signatures generated and verified by this package.
SignatureSize = 64
// SeedSize is the size, in bytes, of private key seeds. These are the private key representations used by RFC 8032.
SeedSize = 32
)
// PublicKey is the type of Ed25519 public keys.
//
// This type is an alias for crypto/ed25519's PublicKey type.
// See the crypto/ed25519 package for the methods on this type.
type PublicKey = ed25519.PublicKey
// PrivateKey is the type of Ed25519 private keys. It implements crypto.Signer.
//
// This type is an alias for crypto/ed25519's PrivateKey type.
// See the crypto/ed25519 package for the methods on this type.
type PrivateKey = ed25519.PrivateKey
// GenerateKey generates a public/private key pair using entropy from rand.
// If rand is nil, crypto/rand.Reader will be used.
func GenerateKey(rand io.Reader) (PublicKey, PrivateKey, error) {
return ed25519.GenerateKey(rand)
}
// NewKeyFromSeed calculates a private key from a seed. It will panic if
// len(seed) is not SeedSize. This function is provided for interoperability
// with RFC 8032. RFC 8032's private keys correspond to seeds in this
// package.
func NewKeyFromSeed(seed []byte) PrivateKey {
return ed25519.NewKeyFromSeed(seed)
}
// Sign signs the message with privateKey and returns a signature. It will
// panic if len(privateKey) is not PrivateKeySize.
func Sign(privateKey PrivateKey, message []byte) []byte {
return ed25519.Sign(privateKey, message)
}
// Verify reports whether sig is a valid signature of message by publicKey. It
// will panic if len(publicKey) is not PublicKeySize.
func Verify(publicKey PublicKey, message, sig []byte) bool {
return ed25519.Verify(publicKey, message, sig)
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Berna: Feel like a leader
By Football Italia staff
Juventus winger Federico Bernardeschi says he is now ‘a man and a complete player’ and that he feels like a leader.
Bernardeschi has enjoyed a breakthrough campaign with Juve, particularly catching the eye during their comeback victory over Atletico Madrid in the Champions League last 16.
“Juve make you grow, but only if you’re able to receive the messages they send you,” he told Gazzetta dello Sport.
“Now I’m a man and a complete player, but I’m not stopping here. At the age of 16 I didn’t grow physically, my teammates were men and I was still a boy.
“It was the most difficult phase of my career, but it was there I learned that every day you suffer to reach a small objective.
“However, when you succeed, you must enjoy it before raising the bar again. A leader must be intelligent, conscious, mentally strong and set an example every day.
“This season I’ve made a leap in quality, of which I’m very proud. They’re processes of life, moments of growth and maturation: it’s there when you really change.”
Cristiano Ronaldo became the 25-year-old’s teammate last summer, and he was full of praise for the No 7.
“Cristiano gave something extra to everyone he’s come into contact with: a champion in the dressing room also brings their history and what they’ve won.
“Even just by seeing him train, you learn things to put in your locker. I prefer to play against him in practice because it’s easier together: as an opponent, instead, you challenge yourself.
“Ronaldo can cast a shadow or be a stimulus: I took the second route, silently trying to grab everything I saw. I’m happy with the good relationship we have.”
Bianconeri boss Max Allegri is known for his hands-on approach, so what does his fellow Tuscan make of it?
“He bosses everyone around and makes a mess...
“I know I have to do better mentally and I know he does it because he values me a lot and thinks I can give more.
“I like it when he talks to me in training: sometimes he jokes with me in Livorno dialect.
“Us Tuscans understand each other, but we talk constructively in private.”
Watch Serie A live in the UK on Premier Sports for just £9.99 per month including live LaLiga, Eredivisie, Scottish Cup Football and more. Visit: https://www.premiersports.com/subscribenow
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Oil wells and natural gas are generally drilled into the earth and the underground oil or gas deposits are forced to the surface along the well bore by the underground pressure, or, pumped up using one or more pumps (often in a series). The well-bore is drilled from an oil-rig on the surface of earth using a rotating drilling bit. When the rotating drilling bit is driven into the earth, it cuts through layers of soil and rocks using a continuous flow of compressed drilling fluid (also known as “drilling mud”) supplied through a conduit, which can be coiled tubing or a drill string (composed of a contiguous series of pipes).
During drilling, hollow metallic tubes (also known as “casings”) are inserted within the drilled bore to prevent the walls of bore from collapsing. In a deep enough bore, multiple hollow casings are installed vertically one above the other by screwing ends of adjacent sections with each other, thus forming a “bore casing.” For reliable installation of bore casings (and for proper functioning of equipment set-up within it), the well-bore should be kept clean by efficiently removing mud, rock debris and dirt generated during drilling, and it should also be periodically cleaned to maintain reliable functioning of the in-well equipment.
Various tools and methods have been proposed for cleaning of an oil well-bore. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,686,102 and 8,151,908 (both incorporated by reference) disclose well-bore cleaning devices which use jets of pressurized fluid ejecting from one end of a tool to dislodge mud, dirt or rock debris in an oil well-bore. While drilling the oil well-bore, these tools are not very efficient in removing mud/dirt stuck on inner walls of the bore casing at positions already passed by the end of the tool from which jets of pressurized fluid are ejected. So in order to clean such portions, the tools may be required to pass multiple times up and down the oil well-bore. Hence, there's need for an improved cleaning device which more efficiently and effectively cleans the base and internal walls of a well-bore without multiple passes up and down being required.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
268 P.3d 943 (2012)
STATE
v.
GANTT.
No. 86504-3.
Supreme Court of Washington, Department II.
January 5, 2012.
Disposition of Petition for Review Denied.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
The Namibian Dolphin Project is a research, conservation and education initiative. We collect data on the abundance, distribution and habitat use whales, dolphins and turtles in Namibia. The project is being run by Simon Elwen Tess Gridley and Ruth Leeney. The NDP is working with Oceans Research and is funded by a series of small grants from the Rufford Small Grants Foundation, the British Ecological Society, the Nedbank Go Green Fund, The Mohamed Bin Zayed Fund and NACOMA.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
42 F.3d 1400
NOTICE: Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3 provides that dispositions other than opinions or orders designated for publication are not precedential and should not be cited except when relevant under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, or collateral estoppel.Jacqueline JENKINS, Plaintiff-Appellant,v.STATE FARM INSURANCE COS., Defendant-Appellee.
No. 93-16134.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Argued and Submitted Nov. 14, 1994.Decided Dec. 2, 1994.
Before: CHOY, FARRIS and BRUNETTI, Circuit Judges.
1
MEMORANDUM*
2
Appellant Jacqueline Jenkins ("Jenkins") challenges the district court's grant of summary judgment on her handicap discrimination claim under the California Fair Employment and Housing Act ("CFEHA"), Cal. Gov't Code Sec. 12900 et seq. Further, Jenkins appeals several interlocutory orders, including (1) the district court's dismissal of her claim for breach of an implied-in-fact contract not to terminate except for good cause; (2) the district court's subsequent denial of a motion for leave to amend the complaint; and (3) the district court's grant of State Farm's motion to strike Jenkins' request for punitive damages under CFEHA. Having jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1291, we affirm the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of State Farm.
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
3
Jacqueline Jenkins worked for State Farm from February, 1972 until May 31, 1990 when she was terminated from her position as a claims specialist. In September, 1989, Jenkins injured her right shoulder in an auto accident. As a result of the accident, she could not fully bend her right arm behind her back, and she was in pain. She was treated with physical therapy initially and underwent right shoulder arthroscopic surgery on February 12, 1990.
4
Following the accident, Jenkins took 200 days of paid sick leave to which she was entitled under State Farm's "paid sick leave" policy. Under the policy, an employee who takes more than ten consecutive days of paid sick leave is required to provide a medical release by her doctor in order to return to work. The medical release must indicate any restrictions to the employee's physical activities while at work. Further, an employee may be required to complete an examination by State Farm's medical department. An employee will be discharged effective the last day of the granted leave if she fails the physical examination.
5
On April 27, 1990, State Farm sent Jenkins a letter advising her that her sick leave would expire on May 25, 1990 at 2 p.m. The letter further advised that if she did not return to work by that date, she would be terminated. On May 17, 1990, Jenkins provided State Farm with a note from her doctor, Dr. Steven Isono, releasing her to return to work with limited conditions. In the note, Dr. Isono advised against heavy, repetitive lifting greater than five pounds and suggested an adjustment in the work place (desk, chair, etc.) for Jenkins' comfort.
6
Pursuant to State Farm's policies, the Medical Director for State Farm's Northern California Regional Office, Dr. Walter Mills, examined Jenkins on May 22, 1990. Dr. Mills concluded that further clarification from Dr. Isono was necessary in order to determine Jenkins' ability to return to work full time. Jenkins then contacted Dr. Isono, who agreed to provide information regarding her condition over the telephone. Dr. Mills attempted to contact Dr. Isono on May 23, 1990 without success.
7
Upon learning that Dr. Isono would be in surgery and unavailable on May 24 and 25, Jenkins contacted State Farm to request an extension of her leave allowance. State Farm contends that it extended Jenkins' medical leave until May 30, 1990 in order to allow the two doctors to confer. Jenkins disputes State Farm's contention, stating that State Farm told her that her medical leave would be extended until the information was obtained from her doctor.
8
In the meantime, on May 22, 1990, Jenkins obtained approval for vacation from May 28 through June 1, 1990. On May 24, 1990, Jenkins spoke with Steve Sosa in State Farm's Personnel Department. According to Jenkins, Sosa informed her that she would be placed on medical leave without pay until Dr. Isono provided the necessary medical information. On May 25, 1990, Jenkins requested that she be placed on vacation rather than on leave without pay. Jenkins did not ascertain whether she was on "vacation" or "medical leave without pay" status before she left for her vacation on May 26, 1990.
9
Dr. Mills made two more attempts to contact Dr. Isono on May 24 and 29, but failed to reach him. Likewise, Dr. Isono's attempts to contact Dr. Mills on May 29 and 31 were unsuccessful. Jenkins was terminated on May 30, 1990. After termination, Jenkins unsuccessfully pursued State Farm's appeal process in order to recover her job. In April, 1991, Jenkins obtained employment elsewhere doing similar type of office work that she performed for State Farm.
10
Jenkins filed this action in the Superior Court of Contra Costa County on May 22, 1991. State Farm removed the case to federal court on the basis of diversity jurisdiction on June 28, 1991. Jenkins' original complaint included claims for handicap discrimination under CFEHA, common law wrongful termination in violation of public policy, breach of an implied-in-fact employment contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and intentional and negligent infliction of emotional distress.
11
On August 23, 1991, the district court dismissed all claims with leave to amend. Jenkins filed her first amended complaint on September 9, 1991. On November 9, 1991, the district court dismissed without prejudice Jenkins' claims for breach of contract, breach of covenant, and wrongful termination in violation of public policy. The court held that Jenkins had stated a claim under CFEHA, but struck Jenkins' request for punitive damages under CFEHA. On September 21, 1992, the court denied Jenkins' motion to file a third amended complaint on the grounds of futility and undue delay. On May 7, 1993, the district court granted State Farm's motion for summary judgment on the CFEHA claim. Jenkins filed an appeal to this court on June 11, 1993.
II. DISCUSSION
12
Jenkins' first contention of error is that summary judgment was improper because the cause of her termination was State Farm's perception of her as a handicapped individual rather than the expiration of her sick leave.
13
We review de novo the district court's grant of summary judgment. Williams v. Caterpillar, Inc., 944 F.2d 658, 661 (9th Cir.1991), citing, Tzung v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co., 873 F.2d 1338, 1339 (9th Cir.1989). Under Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c), summary judgment is appropriate if the pleadings and supporting materials "show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law." Jenkins must demonstrate that there are genuine factual issues that properly can be resolved only by a finder of fact because the issues may reasonably be resolved in favor of either party. See Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 250 (1986).
14
We conclude that Jenkins is not a handicapped individual under CFEHA. CFEHA prohibits employment discrimination based on "physical handicap." Cal. Gov't Code Sec. 12940(a) (West 1992 & Supp.1994). In order to establish a claim for physical handicap discrimination, Jenkins must first assert that she is a handicapped individual. She must then put forth evidence that State Farm terminated her because of her status as a handicapped individual. Cal.Code Regs. tit. 2, Sec. 7293.7 (1994).
15
"Handicapped individual" is defined as any individual who "(1) [h]as a physical handicap which substantially limits one or more major life activities; ... or (3) [i]s regarded as having such a physical handicap." Cal.Code Regs. tit. 2, Sec. 7293.6(i) (1994) (emphasis added). Jenkins' claim is a "regarded as" case.
16
An individual is regarded as having a physical handicap if she is treated by an employer as having a physical handicap that substantially limits major life activities, despite the fact that she either (1) does not have a physical handicap (that substantially limits major life activities), Cal.Code Regs. tit. 2, Sec. 7293.6(h)(3) (1994); or (2) has a physical handicap, but the handicap does not substantially limit one or more major life activities, Cal.Code Regs. tit. 2, Sec. 7293.6(h)(1) (1994). "Major life activities" are defined as "[f]unctions such as caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working." Cal.Code Regs. tit. 2, Sec. 7293.6(f) (1994). Thus, Jenkins would be a "handicapped individual" under CFEHA if State Farm perceived her to be incapable of working, even though she was actually able to perform her duties.
17
The undisputed facts establish that State Farm did not regard Jenkins as a handicapped individual. In fact, State Farm's actions indicated its intent to allow Jenkins to return to work. Before State Farm approved Jenkins' return to work, however, it attempted to ascertain her ability to perform her essential duties without endangering her health or safety. State Farm's treatment of Jenkins did not deviate from established company procedures and was consistent with State Farm's contention that it did not regard Jenkins as a handicapped individual.
18
First, State Farm referred Jenkins to its own medical doctor to determine her ability to return to work safely. Such a referral is routine and is outlined in the company medical manual. Second, State Farm's reliance on its doctor's decision, which required further clarification from Jenkins' doctor before approving the medical release, did not constitute discriminatory conduct. See Fuqua v. Unisys Corp., 716 F.Supp. 1201, 1206-07 (D.Minn.1989). It was solely Dr. Mills' decision to require medical clarification, and his decision was based on medical reasons. Finally, Dr. Mills' request for a conference with Dr. Isono to determine whether Jenkins was ready to return to work was well within company procedures for an employee who is on sick leave due to a temporary injury.
19
State Farm was diligent in its effort to ascertain Jenkins' ability to return to work. As State Farm's representative, Dr. Mills made three (unsuccessful) attempts to contact Dr. Isono. State Farm had granted Jenkins 200 days of sick leave and extended Jenkins' sick leave for five additional days in order to grant her more time to submit clarification of her ability to return to work. Even after termination, State Farm provided Jenkins with an opportunity to appeal, in which Jenkins again failed to provide the necessary clarification. At no time did State Farm give an indication that it considered Jenkins to have an impairment which foreclosed the type of employment involved.
20
On appeal, Jenkins has not presented any specific facts to support her contention that State Farm regarded her as a handicapped individual who was unable to perform her job as a claims specialist. Rather than presenting facts to support her contention of wrongful termination, Jenkins circularly argues that State Farm must have considered her to have a physical handicap because State Farm terminated her. "A motion for summary judgment cannot be defeated by mere conclusory allegations unsupported by factual data." Angel v. Seattle-First Nat'l Bank, 653 F.2d 1293, 1299 (9th Cir.1981). Jenkins has failed to demonstrate a prima facie case of discrimination, and thus, summary judgment was properly granted.
21
In light of Jenkins' failure to demonstrate that State Farm had discriminated against her on the basis of her perceived handicapped status, the district court did not abuse its discretion in striking Jenkins request for punitive damages.
22
We need not address the issue of whether the district court erred in its dismissal of Jenkins' claim for breach of an implied-in-fact contract and in its subsequent denial of a leave to file a third amended complaint. Even assuming arguendo that there was an implied-in-fact employment contract, Jenkins was terminated for good cause and therefore cannot prove that State Farm breached the contract.
III. CONCLUSION
23
We affirm the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of State Farm.
24
AFFIRMED.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
Mattoon, IL - Geraldine Faye Perry Shannon died peacefully at her home on Thursday, October 29th, 2015. She had survived almost two years after being diagnosed with breast cancer. She was an inspiration to all who met her during this time and... View Obituary & Service Information
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
The endocrine pancreas consists primarily of islet cells that synthesize and secrete the peptide hormone glucagon, insulin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. Insulin gene expression is restricted to pancreatic islet β-cells of the mammalian pancreas through control mechanisms mediated in part by specific transcription factors. In other cells the insulin, other pancreatic hormones and specific peptidases genes are trancriptionally silent. The homeodomain protein PDX-1 (Pancreatic and Duodenal Homeobox gene-1, also known as IDX-1, IPF-1, STF-1 or IUF-1) plays a central role in regulating pancreatic islet development and function. PDX-1 is either directly or indirectly involved in islet-cell-specific expression of various genes such as for example insulin, glucagon somatostatin, proinsulin convertase 1/3 (PC 1/3), GLUT-2 and glucokinase. Additionally, PDX-1 mediates insulin gene transcription in response to glucose.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Selective estrogen receptor modulators and postmenopausal women's health.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators represent an alternative approach to the use of estrogen replacement therapy or hormone replacement therapy for decreasing postmenopausal bone loss, as well as for reducing the incidence of serious cardiovascular disease in this population. Of particular interest is raloxifene, a benzothiophene compound, which binds with high affinity to the estrogen receptor and produces effects similar to estrogen on the skeleton and cardiovascular system but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist in the uterus and the breast. The pharmacologic profile of raloxifene, a discussion of a possible mechanism of action, and the potential role of this drug in women's postmenopausal health are the subjects of this review.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Senior Preview: Omar Sowe, Harrison
Harrison star Omar Sowe was named NJIC Player of the Year and earned All-State Second Team honors last season. (Reena Rose Sibayan | The Jersey Journal)
By Jason Bernstein | For The Jersey Journal
Last year, Omar Sowe had one of the greatest individual seasons in Harrison’sstoried soccer history. But the star midfielder doesn’t think fondly upon the records he set, the individual honors he received or even the 20 wins the Blue Tide had.
Instead, his thoughts always drift back to the season’s low point: a 3-0 loss to Dover in the NJSIAA North 2, Group 2 final. It was the only game where Sowe was held without a point.
Dover went on to win the Group 2 state championship. Instead of that state title – which is an expectation rather than a goal in Harrison – Sowe was left with disappointment and plenty of motivation.
“There’s not a day that goes by where I don’t think about it. Ever since that day, it’s just been on my mind,” Sowe said. “It’s always there with me. No matter where I go or what I do, it always comes to me, especially losing that badly in that type of game.
“It outweighs all of the (individual accomplishments). Sometimes I forget how many goals I even scored or how many games I played in, just because of that one game. I feel like all the hard work and everything I’ve done didn’t mean anything, going out like that, especially losing 3-0 like that. It out-ruled everything.”
Sowe might choose to under-emphasize the accomplishments from the first 22 games, but it certainly doesn’t erase them.
Last year, Sowe started the season at center back before moving up to midfield after the first few games. There, the 6-foot-1, 176-pound Sowe’s combination of strength, speed and the ability to shoot with either foot made him virtually unstoppable.
He tied the Harrison record for goals in a season with 37. His 31 assists were the most in school history. The performance earned him both North Jersey Interscholastic Conference Player of the Year and Second Team All-State honors by NJ.com.
Sowe has made it a priority to be a better leader for a veteran Blue Tide squad, which returns nine starters, but he admits did not communicate well as a team.
When it comes to leadership, Sowe has looked at the example set by older brother Modou, who was as a senior captain named The Star-Ledger Boys Soccer State Player of the Year in 2013 and currently plays at Rowan.
“For me, I understand. I got everything I am today because of my older brother,” Omar said. “I got the chance to watch him play, watch how he stepped up to help lead his team.
“I know it means a lot to me and my whole family that (my younger brother) Mustapha and I are playing together. Stepping up is not just about scoring goals.”
The Sowe family was born in Gambia, but Omar and Mustapha (a rising sophomore), learned what soccer meant in Harrison as they grew up. They were ball boys when Modou’s teams reached the state final and won a Hudson County title, as well as the year after he graduated when the Blue Tide won their record 25th state championship in 2014.
It’s why Omar, who as a sophomore scored the decisive goal in PKs to give the Blue Tide their 37th sectional crown, knows what it would mean to bring another state title home to Harrison.
“I used to go to all of the state games and whenever they lost, it hit me too. I don’t know why, but I’d start crying. I understood how much it means to them,” Sowe said. “This year, I feel like if I don’t win it, it’s not a good way to go out. I don’t think that’s an option.
“I’d take every individual award and trade it for a state championship. It means a lot to bring it back to Harrison. (The thought of) just walking around and saying ‘look, we won the state championship,’ would be like wow. That would be an awesome feeling, that would be the greatest achievement of my high school career.”
This entry was posted on July 4, 2018, 8:54 am and is filed under Uncategorized.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
Many time series in the same table: how to generate JSON string in correct format
I have simple time series stored in a Postgres database, that I can load into a Pandas dataframe.
date number system_id
1 33.1 1
2 24.2 1
3 14.1 1
4 15.5 1
[...] 1113 1
1 4513 2
2 53.4 2
3 24.8 2
4 13.12 2
[...] 3333 2
The wanted result is a JSON string that I can feed to my JavaScript charting, that looks like this:
[
[1, number in date 1(of system_id 1), number in date 1(of system_id 2), number in date 1(of system_id 3), ...],
[2, number 2(of system_id 1), number 2(of system_id 2), number 2(of system_id 3), ...],
[3, number 3(of system_id 1), number 3(of system_id 2), number 3(of system_id 3), ...],
[4, number 4(of system_id 1), number 4(of system_id 2), number 4(of system_id 3), ...],
[...]
]
I can pull the above table directly in SQL
SELECT * FROM MyTable
Or I can pass it to pandas.DataFrame() in Python using Django-ORM.
Wether I obtain the desired result with the ORM, with Pandas or directly in SQL is the same, it just needs to be the fastest possible, which is what made me start to search for a solution in SQL.
However, I don't see how. What I need is to GROUP BY date and then create a different column for each different system_id: is this even possible or advisable?
GROUP BY date asks me to provide an aggregation function (sum, avg...) for the number column. Is there an aggregation function that performs what I'm trying to do?
A:
You can achieve that with string_agg on Postgres or GROUP_CONCAT on MySQL.
The output would be something like
| date | numbers |
|------|---------------|
| 1 | 33.1,4513,... |
| 2 | 24.2,53.4,... |
| 3 | 14.1,24.8,... |
And the query
SELECT date, STRING_AGG(number) numbers
FROM MyTable
GROUP BY date
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Precision Interface Engineering of an Atomic Layer in Bulk Bi2Te3 Alloys for High Thermoelectric Performance.
Grafting nanotechnology on thermoelectric materials leads to significant advances in their performance. Creation of structural defects including nano-inclusion and interfaces via nanostructuring achieves higher thermoelectric efficiencies. However, it is still challenging to optimize the nanostructure via conventional fabrication techniques. The thermal instability of nanostructures remains an issue in the reproducibility of fabrication processes and long-term stability during operation. This work presents a versatile strategy to create numerous interfaces in a thermoelectric material via an atomic-layer deposition (ALD) technique. An extremely thin ZnO layer was conformally formed via ALD over the Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 powders, and numerous heterogeneous interfaces were generated from the formation of Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3-ZnO core-shell structures even after high-temperature sintering. The incorporation of ALD-grown ZnO into the Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 matrix blocks phonon propagation and also provides tunability in electronic carrier density via impurity doping at the heterogeneous grain boundaries. The exquisite control in the ALD cycles provides a high thermoelectric performance of zT = 1.50 ± 0.15 (at 329-360 K). Specifically, ALD is an industry compatible technique that allows uniform and conformal coating over large quantities of powders. The study is promising in terms of the mass production of nanostructured thermoelectric materials with considerable improvements in performance via an industry compatible and reproducible route.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
An illustration (left) depicts the technique known as “photo-induced force microscopy,” and the images at right show how closely the experimental and theoretical findings match in a recent investigation of the technique at Rice University. Illustration by Chloe Doiron/Rice University. Reprinted with permission from Nano Letters 2016, Articles ASAP, DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04245. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society.
In a new paper in the American Chemical Society journal Nano Letters, Thomann and colleagues, including postdoctoral fellow Thejaswi Tumkur and graduate student Xiao Yang, combine experiment and theory to test a new technique called “photo-induced force microscopy,” which probes the optical properties of nanomaterials by measuring the physical force imparted by light.
Thomann’s primary research centers on using nanoparticles and sunlight to reduce the carbon footprint of power plants. The work crosses boundaries of chemistry, optics, electrical engineering, energy and the environment, but a major focus is photocatalysis, a class of processes in which light interacts with high-tech materials to drive chemical reactions.
“Many experiments nowadays are done under high vacuum, but I want to run the reactor in my lab under more realistic conditions — normal temperature, normal pressure, in the presence of water — that will apply to capturing sunlight for photocatalysis,” said Thomann, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering, of materials science and nanoengineering and of chemistry at Rice.
Isabell Thomann
Thomann has been working to develop new tools for measuring nanomaterials since arriving at Rice in 2012. She and her team are developing an ultrafast laser spectroscopy system that can read the optical signatures of short-lived chemical processes that are relevant to artificial photosynthesis.
“In a chemical reaction, there are reactants, which are the chemical inputs, and there are products, which are the outputs,” Thomann said. “Almost all reactions driven by light involve multiple steps where light is converted to quantum particulates such as electrons or phonons that need to be transported to surfaces to drive chemical reactions. It is very helpful to know exactly what these are, when they are made and in what quantity, particularly if you are optimizing a process for industrial use.”
Thomann’s group designs light-activated nanoparticles that can capture energy from sunlight and use it to initiate chemical reactions. The nanocatalysts, which can be tiny rods or discs of metal or other materials, interact with light due in part to their shapes and how closely they are spaced together. Thomann said that while engineers make every effort to produce uniform particles, small imperfections still exist and can have significant consequences on performance.
These images show the measured optical forces for an array of plasmonic gold disc pairs known as dimers that were probed by an atomic force microscopy tip. The map reveals slight differences caused by minute imperfections in the dimers. Image courtesy of the Thomann Group/Rice University. Reprinted with permission from Nano Letters 2016, Articles ASAP, DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04245. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society.
“Photocatalysts are often heterogeneous, which means they are not all exactly alike, and we need better tools for examining them with high spatial resolution in order to see these small differences,” she said. “We also need to follow the reaction processes with high temporal resolution, and we want to do all of this with much better spatial resolution than can be achieved with a normal optical microscope.”
In the photon-induced force microscopy experiments, Thomann’s team used a tiny tip from an atomic force microscope (AFM) to enhance the spatial resolution of measurements taken from gold nanorods and nanodiscs on glass surfaces. The rods and discs, which are smaller than the wavelength of light used to measure them, would normally be blurry in an optical microscope due to a physical property called the diffraction limit. To better resolve the nanoparticles, and the electromagnetic interactions between them, Thomann’s group shines light at the particles and uses an AFM tip to probe how these nanoparticles act as optical nanoantennas and concentrate the light.
“If we were trying to measure the reflected light, it would be very difficult because there are only a few scattered photons against a very busy background where light is bouncing all over the place, especially if these measurements were carried out in a liquid environment,” Thomann said. “But we are instead measuring the force exerted on the AFM tip, the slight pull on the tip when the optical nanoantennas are illuminated by light. It turns out that measuring the force is a much more sensitive technique than trying to collect the few photons scattered off the tip.”
Xiao Yang
Thomann said the study provides theoretical understanding of how photo-induced force microscopy works and lays the groundwork for future studies of more complex photocatalyst materials her team hopes to create in the future. She credited her group’s improved understanding of the force-measuring technique to months of hard work by co-author Xiao Yang, a Rice graduate student in the group of theoretical physicist and study co-author Peter Nordlander.
Yang said the most difficult part of coming up with an explanation of the team’s experimental results was creating a solvable computational model that accurately described the real-world physics. For example, including the entire tip in the model made the mathematics impractical.
“I did try, at first, but it turned out it was impossible,” Yang said. “It would have taken an infinite time to reach convergence of the simulations.”
Yang eventually hit upon an idea — including just a portion of the tip in the model — that made the calculations both feasible and accurate. Thomann said this was just one example of Yang’s tenacity in finding a workable solution.
Thejaswi Tumkur
“He is exactly the kind of graduate student we want: knowledgeable, hard-working and unwilling to quit in the face of adversity,” she said.
Tumkur is a member of the Thomann research group and a J. Evans Attwell-Welch Postdoctoral Fellow at Rice’s Smalley-Curl Institute. Additional co-authors include Benjamin Cerjan and Smalley-Curl Institute Director Naomi Halas, Rice’s Stanley C. Moore Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, professor of chemistry, of bioengineering, of physics and astronomy, and of materials science and nanoengineering. The research was supported by the Welch Foundation, the National Science Foundation and the Smalley-Curl Institute’s J. Evans Attwell-Welch Postdoctoral Fellowship Program.
-30-
IMAGES are available for download at:
http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/12/1213-FORCE-graphic-lg-1bd4j7f.jpgCAPTION: An illustration (left) depicts the technique known as “photo-induced force microscopy,” and the images at right show how closely the experimental and theoretical findings match in a recent investigation of the technique at Rice University. Illustration by Chloe Doiron/Rice University. Reprinted with permission from Nano Letters 2016, Articles ASAP, DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04245. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society.
http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/12/1213-FORCE-img-lg-2i7nlng.jpgCAPTION: These images show the measured optical forces for an array of plasmonic gold disc pairs known as dimers that were probed by an atomic force microscopy tip. The map reveals slight differences caused by minute imperfections in the dimers. Image courtesy of the Thomann Group/Rice University. Reprinted with permission from Nano Letters 2016, Articles ASAP, DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04245. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society.
Located on a 300-acre forested campus in Houston, Rice University is consistently ranked among the nation’s top 20 universities by U.S. News & World Report. Rice has highly respected schools of Architecture, Business, Continuing Studies, Engineering, Humanities, Music, Natural Sciences and Social Sciences and is home to the Baker Institute for Public Policy. With 3,910 undergraduates and 2,809 graduate students, Rice’s undergraduate student-to-faculty ratio is 6-to-1. Its residential college system builds close-knit communities and lifelong friendships, just one reason why Rice is ranked No. 1 for happiest students and for lots of race/class interaction by the Princeton Review. Rice is also rated as a best value among private universities by Kiplinger’s Personal Finance. To read “What they’re saying about Rice,” go to http://tinyurl.com/RiceUniversityoverview.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
The current role of microsurgery for posterior circulation aneurysms: a selective approach in the endovascular era.
During the past decade, management of posterior circulation aneurysms has shifted away from microsurgery. Currently, microsurgical clipping is considered a primary, competitive alternative to endovascular coiling, or more commonly, a secondary alternative when endovascular therapy is unfavorable. We present a large, multidisciplinary team experience with posterior circulation aneurysms in an institution that continues to use microsurgery as a primary treatment modality for selected aneurysms. During a 9-year period, 217 patients with 228 posterior circulation aneurysms were treated microsurgically; they included 106 basilar bifurcation, 27 posterior cerebral artery, 23 superior cerebellar artery, eight anteroinferior cerebellar artery, five basilar trunk, 47 posteroinferior cerebellar artery, and 12 vertebral artery aneurysms. Overall, 81% of patients presented with hemorrhage, and 33% of the aneurysms were large or giant in size. Direct clipping was performed in 75% of cases, and the overall rate of angiographic aneurysm obliteration was 98.1%. Sixteen patients (7.4%) died after surgery, 25 patients (11.5%) experienced transient neurological deterioration, and 17 patients (7.8%) experienced permanent neurological deterioration. At late follow-up (mean duration, 13.6 mo), 144 patients had good outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale scores of 5 or 4, 66%), and 184 patients (85%) either improved or were unchanged relative to their preoperative baseline. Overall, mean Glasgow Outcome Scale scores improved from 3.60 to 3.97. Despite increasing reliance on endovascular therapy with posterior circulation aneurysms, there is a role for microsurgical therapy. Microsurgery remains a competitive, primary therapy for superior cerebellar artery, P1 posterior cerebral artery, distal anteroinferior cerebellar artery, and posteroinferior cerebellar artery aneurysms. Microsurgery has become a secondary therapy for P2 posterior cerebral artery, basilar trunk, proximal anteroinferior cerebellar artery, vertebrobasilar junction, and vertebral artery aneurysms when endovascular therapy is unfavorable. The preferred therapy for basilar bifurcation aneurysms remains unclear. Collaborative, multidisciplinary teams are strengthened and results are improved by offering competitive treatment alternatives for patients to consider and select. Rather than abandoning the posterior circulation prematurely, aneurysm surgeons should maintain technical proficiency with these lesions.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Examination of disease severity in systemic vasculitis from the novel perspective of damage using the vasculitis damage index (VDI).
Assessment of disease severity in systemic vasculitis encompasses mortality, which is now uncommon, and morbidity, which is increasing in significance. Morbidity includes permanent scars or damage, an evolving concept offering a novel perspective which may be particularly valuable in chronic disease. We have developed a method for assessing damage in systemic vasculitis, but the relationship between damage and disease severity was unknown. Therefore, we examined whether the number of items of damage or the pattern of damage varied with the severity of systemic vasculitis. We established the characteristics of severe disease by examining fatal vasculitis as an example of the most severe disease possible. We then showed that more damage occurred in fatal vasculitis, more systems were damaged, and critical damage akin to organ failure was more common in fatal than non-fatal vasculitis. These observations were reproduced in specific diagnostic groups, namely classical Wegener's granulomatosis and systemic rheumatoid vasculitis. Thus, severe disease was characterized by many items of damage, multisystem damage and critical damage. This pattern of damage was also seen in a subgroup of patients with non-fatal vasculitis, who also have severe disease.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Namespaces are a way to group related code and to avoid name clashes and are generally present in all but the most trivial code base.
The syntax is as follows:
```csharp
namespace MyNameSpace
{
public class MyClass {}
public class OtherClass {}
}
```
Types enclosed in namespaces are referred to outside the scope of the namespace by prefixing the type name with the dot syntax. Alternatively, and more usually, you can place a `using` directive at the top of the file (or within a namespace) and type can be used without the prefix. Within the same namespace there is no need to qualify type names.
```csharp
namespace MySpace
{
public class MyClass {}
public class Foo
{
public void Bar()
{
var baz = new MyClass();
}
}
}
public class Qux
{
public void Box()
{
var nux = new MySpace.MyClass();
}
}
namespace OtherSpace
{
using MySpace;
public class Tix
{
public void Jeg()
{
var lor = new MyClass();
}
}
}
```
You can alias a namespace with the syntax `using MyAlias = MySpace;` and then use the alias anywhere that the namespace could be used.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Tony Hale
Anthony Hale (born September 30, 1970) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for his role in the Fox comedy series Arrested Development as the neurotic Buster Bluth. He also voiced Forky in the 2019 animated comedy Toy Story 4. Hale played Gary Walsh on the HBO comedy Veep from 2012 until its conclusion in 2019, for which he won the 2013 and 2015 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series. Hale also voices Archibald in the DreamWorks show, Archibald's Next Big Thing.
Early life
Hale was born in West Point, New York. His mother, Rita (née Garnett), worked as a staff assistant to State Representative Kathy Ashe, and his father, Mike Hale, taught nuclear and atomic physics and served in the military. Hale grew up in Tallahassee, Florida, where he attended the Young Actors Theatre and participated in numerous theatrical and musical productions. He graduated from Leon High School in 1988. He graduated from Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama, where he became a member of Sigma Chi fraternity, with a journalism degree in 1992. He completed graduate studies in 1995 from the School of Communication and the Arts of Regent University in Virginia. After graduating, he lived in New York City for nearly ten years. While in New York, Hale helped found The Haven, an artistically minded community of Christians that meets weekly. He also studied acting at The Barrow Group, as well as the William Esper Studio in the Professional Actor Training Program.
Career
Hale first obtained his Screen Actors Guild card when he appeared in a commercial for MCI Inc., though it never aired. He made minor guest appearances in TV shows such as Dawson's Creek, The Sopranos, and Sex and the City. He is often recognized for his role in the famous Volkswagen television commercial aired in 1999, in which he danced to the song "Mr. Roboto", which was later spoofed on the Fox sitcom Arrested Development. From 2003 to 2006, and returning to the role in 2013, Hale found success in television when he was cast as Buster Bluth, the hapless, neurotic son with "mother issues" on Arrested Development. Hale also appeared in a season ten episode of MADtv in a parody of COPS, where two British robbers try to stop a domestic dispute among the royal family.
In March 2006, Hale was cast in a co-starring role as the video store owner Simon in the NBC sitcom Andy Barker P.I., starring Andy Richter and co-created by Conan O'Brien. He appeared in minor roles in Stranger Than Fiction and Because I Said So. He was the voice of Furlough in The Tale of Despereaux, an animated children's film released in 2008. Hale had a recurring role as Emmett on Chuck, beginning in October 2008 and ending in January 2010. His departure made room for his starring role on the NBC web series Ctrl, which premiered on July 13, 2009. He appeared in a cameo in the second episode of the first season of Showtime's dramedy United States of Tara, as English teacher Oral Gershenoff. He joined the cast of Numbers in 2009, in the recurring role of Professor Russell Lazlo.
In 2012, Hale starred in the drama comedy Not That Funny. He also guest-starred on NBC's long-running show Law & Order: SVU as Rick Simms, a teacher who gets fired from his job after being accused of inappropriate behavior with a student.
In 2012, Hale was cast in the HBO comedy Veep as Gary Walsh, the personal assistant to Vice President-turned-President Selina Meyer (portrayed by Julia Louis-Dreyfus). On September 22, 2013, Hale won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his work in the show's second season. This was his first major award. He earned his second nomination in 2014, but lost the award to Ty Burrell. However, Hale won his second Primetime Emmy Award with his third nomination in 2015, in the same ceremony where Veep won its first Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series.
In 2017, Hale hosted the 9th Annual Shorty Awards at the PlayStation Theater in New York City. The next year, Hale began portraying Jerome Squalor on the second season of the Netflix comedy drama series A Series of Unfortunate Events.
Personal life
Hale married Emmy Award-winning makeup artist Martel Thompson on May 24, 2003.
Filmography
Film
Television
Music videos
Awards and nominations
Primetime Emmy Awards
Screen Actors Guild Awards
Critics' Choice Television Awards
References
External links
Tony Hale at Rotten Tomatoes
Tony Hale at TV.com
Interviews
2006 Video Interview at About.com
Interview with Tony Hale at burnsidewriters.com
Category:1970 births
Category:20th-century American male actors
Category:21st-century American male actors
Category:American male film actors
Category:American male television actors
Category:American male voice actors
Category:Living people
Category:Male actors from New York (state)
Category:Male actors from Tallahassee, Florida
Category:Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
Category:People from West Point, New York
Category:Regent University alumni
Category:Samford University alumni
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Role of total mesorectal excision and of circumferential resection margin in local recurrence and survival of patients with rectal carcinoma.
Rectal cancer is a common disease with poor prognosis because of local recurrence and metastases. Local recurrence arises mainly as a result of incomplete surgical resection. Evaluation of completeness of the mesorectum provides significant information about prognosis. Total mesorectal excision (TME) has become the surgical treatment of choice for rectal cancer because adopting the principles of TME achieves very low local recurrence rates. The adoption of the TME principles along with the estimation of the circumferential resection margin on the non-peritonealized surface of the resected rectal specimen are the most important predictors of local recurrence.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Galatine (ガラティン,Garatin?) is an item that appears Sonic and the Black Knight. It is one of the unlockable weapons in the game that can only be equipped to and wielded by Sir Gawain. They are Gawain's signature weapons and one of the sacred swords from the world of Camelot. They can be dual-wielded in battle and are praised for their absolute sharpness. It is the second sword that Sonic collects in the Adventure Mode of the game.
Contents
Description
Appearance
Despite being regarded as swords, Galatine resembles more a pair of twin broadaxes. They each have a single silver edge with two spikes, which are attached to the side of a brown curve surface with light brown swirl patterns. The heads of Galatine themselves are attached to the hafts with metal staple which are connected to the brown upper part of the grips, which are white and have pointy golden sword pummels.
History
In Sonic and the Black Knight Galatine had been in the possession of Sir Gawain for an unprecedented amount of time. It is possible, though, that Galatine might have originally been a part of the legendary sword Excalibur, but was then divided into Galatine and the other Sacred Swords when Excalibur's light was lost.
In the end, Sonic managed to best Gawain in battle, and Gawain tried to commit suicide by using one of Galatine's swords to slice his throat as he had failed his duty to King Arthur. Sonic, however, stopped Gawain's suicide attempt by taking Galatine, and then left with both blades of Gawain.
Sonic later used Galatine in conjunction with Arondight, Laevatein and Caliburn to neutralize the immortality granted by the Scabbard of Excalibur's during his final battle with King Arthur and succeeded, thus allowing Sonic to finally defeat the evil king.
When Merlina betrayed Sonic and tried to take control over the kingdom, Sonic gave Galatine back to Gawain, who used it to help the others set up a barrier to contain Merlina's power, though the barrier proved to be too weak. During Sonic's final battle with the Dark Queen, Galatine was used along with Arondight and Laevatein to help Sonic and Caliburn transform into Excalibur Sonic and Excalibur.
Real world background
Much like the other Sacred Swords, despite Galatine being regarded as the name of Sir Gawain's sword in modern times, it was never given any real name in any surviving piece of the original Arthurian fiction. In the 15th century, Sir Thomas Malory's work, Le Morte d'Arthur named Gawain's swords as Galatine.[3] The Winchester manuscript of Malory was given a longer version of the Roman war which contained another mention of the sword in that version of the text called "Galantine".
Other tales of Gawain, however, either do not mention any name for Gawain’s sword or instead gives Gawain the sword Caliburn/Escalibor, which Malory calls "Excalibur". One would assume that Arthur has lent him the sword, more-or-less permanently, as Gawain is still a young fighter while Arthur is mostly a staid ruler and Gawain is generally thought to be Arthur’s greatest knight, as well as Arthur’s nephew. Indeed in the work commonly called the "Vulgate Merlin" we are explicitly told that Arthur bestowed Caliburn/Excalibur on Gawain.
Trivia
Galatine are sometimes referred to as the Sword(s) of the Sun, as Gawain is the Knight of the Sun.
Strangely, Sonic is only shown taking one Galatine when beating Sir Gawain, yet he has both swords when he places the swords around King Arthur during their final battle.
There were only four Sacred Swords however, there would technically be five Sacred Swords because the off handed version of Galatine would make it the fifth Sacred Sword.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
John Mara and Steve Tisch both sat down last night tonight and FIRED Ben McAdoo and Jerry Reese but let’s be real, they are both still gutless cowards.
The Giants are a mess. They are a literal dumpster fire. Everything about the team sucks. Enough already and just part ways with the failed coach and the incompetent general manager.
The Giants just lost 51-17 to the Rams a few weeks back and lost to a winless 49ers team. This is a complete humiliation. Giants fans are embarrassed and the players don’t even care enough to give a real effort on the field.
No player in the locker respects McAdoo. Could not be more obvious with Janoris Jenkins and DRC both being suspended at points during the year.
The offense has only regressed since McAdoo started as the offensive coordinator and then became head coach.
Yet. McAdoo still keeps chirping along that the team looks great in practice. Update coach: WHO THE HELL CARES WHAT YOU DO AT PRACTICE WHEN YOUR 2-10 AND JUST LOST BY 34 AT HOME A FEW WEEKS BACK! A clown cares and that’s exactly what McAdoo is.
Not everything is McAdoo’s fault..,. Jerry Reese has failed to address the linebacker position and offensive line for years. The last good Giants linebacker was Antonio Pierce. Seriously, every other linebacker since has been a cast off signed a minimum contract or a draft pick picked in rounds 4-7. It’s really ridiculous how a GM continues to neglect positions of need year after year.
No Giants fan should have to deal with this pathetic nonsense anymore.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Kia’s push into the luxury car segment looks like a success with the all-new K900. It’s a beautiful vehicle. I love the headlamps and the front grille, and the interior is also very impressive. Kia has been introducing great designs in recent years and now they have a worthy entry to compete with luxury brands.
Hyundai Genesis
The Genesis has been a huge success for Hynudai, and now it’s been completely redesigned for the 2015 model year. The fluid design language that we’ve seen from Hyundai is changed a bit here, as we see harder and more dramatic edges. But the changes aren’t so dramatic that it doesn’t look like a Genesis. It’s a beautiful sedan and should help to continue Hyundai’s winning streak.
Hyundai Zombie Survival Machines
“Walking Dead” fans will love these vehicles, as Hyundai has three on display at the show. Also, the Chicago Auto Show and Word of Mouth Marketing Association (WOMMA) presented Hyundai with the second annual “Driving Engagement” award for most innovative social media campaign of 2013 for their social media campaign titled “The Walking Dead Chop Shop.”
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
Evaluating JAXB
I have a couple of questions about JAXB:
What options are there for parsing? Can I implement / plugin my own parser easily?
What about validity? Suppose I have a relaxed parser that is somewhat relaxed regarding the schema. Can I still create an (invalid) object-structure?
Does JAXB provide special means to do e.g. validation on the objects? I'd like to parse to an "invalid" object structure, have some algorithm repair it, then validate (in Java).
Does JAXB provide other means to do fancy things on the objects (e.g. visitor pattern).
What about the memory footprint? Is the object representation (disregarding the parsing) feasible for XML files of 10-100MB?
Good tutorials covering this kind of questions are appreciated, Google revealed only coarse overviews.
A:
Below are my answers to your questions:
What options are there for parsing? Can I implement / plugin my own
parser easily?
JAXB (JSR-222) implementations can unmarshal from many different input types: InputStream, InputSource',Node,XMLStreamReader,XMLEventReader,File,Source`. If your XML representation matches any of these then you're all set.
What about validity? Suppose I have a relaxed parser that is somewhat
relaxed regarding the schema. Can I still create an (invalid)
object-structure?
JAXB implementations requires that the XML be well formed, but does not require it be valid against an XML schema. It is designed to handle a wide range of documents. If you want to ensure "validity" then you can set an XML schema (see JAXB and Marshal/Unmarshal Schema Validation).
Does JAXB provide special means to do e.g. validation on the objects?
I'd like to parse to an "invalid" object structure, have some
algorithm repair it, then validate (in Java).
You can use the javax.xml.validation APIs to do validation on an object model. For a full example see:
http://blog.bdoughan.com/2010/11/validate-jaxb-object-model-with-xml.html
Does JAXB provide other means to do fancy things on the objects (e.g.
visitor pattern).
JAXB models are POJOs so you can design them as you wish. You may be interested in the following classes:
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/javax/xml/bind/Marshaller.Listener.html
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/javax/xml/bind/Unmarshaller.Listener.html
What about the memory footprint? Is the object representation
(disregarding the parsing) feasible for XML files of 10-100MB?
Yes JAXB can be used to process documents of that size. If you are concerned about size, you can use an XMLStreamReader to parse the XML file and then unmarshal objects from the XMLStreamReader in chunks.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Crossing-the-bridge noodles
Crossing-the-bridge noodles is a rice noodle soup from Yunnan province, China. It is one of the most well-known dishes in Yunnan cuisine.
Description
Crossing-the-bridge noodles has over 100-year history and it was listed as an intangible cultural heritage of Kunming city in 2008 to promote Yunnan food culture. The dish is served with a large bowl of boiling hot broth and the soup ingredients. The soup is made with chicken, pork bone and seasoning, such as Chinese star anise and ginger. Also, using a layer of chicken fat to insulate the soup and therefore keep it warm for longer. These ingredients are separated. The soup ingredients are served on a cutting board or plate and include raw vegetables and lightly cooked meats. Common ingredients include thin slices of turkey, chunks of chicken, chicken skin, strips of bean curd sheets, chives, sprouts and rice noodles. Once added into the broth, it cooks quickly with a layer of melted chicken fat and oil glistening on top. The soup takes a few minutes to cook, and it is then spooned out into small bowls. Jim Thurman of LA Weekly writes that "with the rice noodles and fresh chicken, it's reminiscent of an extremely subtle version of Vietnamese pho ga [chicken pho]. Which shouldn't surprise anyone, as Yunnan shares a border with Vietnam."
Claims of name origin
One story that has gained traction begins with a scholar who was studying hard for his imperial exams on a small island. His wife, who would bring him food, found that by the time she had crossed the bridge to the island the soup would be cold and the noodles were soggy. She then decided to load a large earthen pot with boiling broth with a layer of oil on top that would act as insulation and keep the broth warm. The noodles and other ingredients were kept in separate container, and when she arrived, she mixed the two containers together for a warm soup.
Another claim regarding the origin of the name comes from the way the ingredients are transferred between containers. The process is similar to crossing a bridge between bowls, and hence it is called "crossing-the-bridge" noodles.
There are reportedly many other variations on the origin of the name.
Varieties
The main ingredient of the noodles is rice. Rice vermicelli production differs in different regions. In Kunming, Yunnan, there are two varieties: "dry paste" or "sour paste". The production process differs depending on individual preferences and tastes. "Sour paste", as the name suggests, tastes a little sour, but is characterized by a relatively thick and soft rice noodle. The "dry paste" does not have the sourness of the sour paste, and the noodle is relatively thin and more rigid. Older people in Kunming think the "sour paste" noodles are more authentic. Most people in Yunnan think the Kunming noodle does not satisfy their taste buds, and generally believe Mengzi County and Jianshui County makes better noodles.
Now, as people's tastes change, all kinds of noodle varieties are flooding onto the market. Kunming people now do not necessarily pick a "dry paste" or "sour paste." At present, people prefer the more efficient, slippery "water-washed rice noodle" and "purple rice noodle", one that is mixed with purple rice.
Status
The development of Crossing the Bridge Noodles has changed people's eating habits over the years, especially breakfasts. Generally in street markets, the hot fresh rice noodle is put into a bowl of boiling water for about half a minute and then colored sauce is added to the bowl. This is known as the "hat" of the sauce. Crossing the Bridge Noodles served in markets in the morning are usually completed in one minute.
There are a few franchised restaurants which serve more intricate or elaborate Crossing the Bridge Noodle dishes. Normally Crossing the Bridge Noodles are ordered in a set. A set of bridge noodle will cost 10 to 50 Yuan. Ordering the Crossing the Bridge Noodles with more ingredients will command higher prices.
Ingredients
The general ingredients of guoqiao mixian include:
raw quail eggs,
turkey slices,
chicken slices, and
colored vegetables.
Crossing-the-bridge noodles are generally served first with a bowl of boiling hot soup. The attendants will then be on the other side of the bowl and put the ingredients into the bowl, generally in order from raw to cooked: meat first, then quail eggs, and then vegetables. Finally, they perform the noodle "crossing" with chopsticks and the dish is ready to be consumed. The amount of oil, chili, vinegar, and soy sauce one puts in the bowl varies according to personal taste.
See also
List of Chinese soups
List of noodle dishes
List of snack foods
List of soups
Mixian (noodle)
References
Category:Yunnan cuisine
Category:Chinese noodle dishes
Category:Chinese rice dishes
Category:Chinese soups
Category:Noodle soups
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Screening and evaluation of potential volunteers for a phase III trial in Thailand of a candidate preventive HIV vaccine (RV148).
Screening for the community-based, phase III, prime-boost HIV vaccine trial conducted in Thailand (also referred to as "RV144") began in September 2003 and concluded in December 2005 in Rayong and Chon Buri provinces. During this period 26,676 persons were consented and screened for vaccine trial eligibility in a separate protocol ("RV148") at 47 screening sites, of which 26,548 were tested for HIV, and 16,402 were ultimately enrolled in RV144 and received at least one vaccination or corresponding placebo injection. Fifty-eight percent of those enrolled in RV148 were men and roughly half of the men and women were married. A slight majority was born in the provinces in which the study was conducted. The median age was 23 (IQR 20-26) and most had achieved a level of education that was higher than grade 9, which is compulsory for Thai citizens. The prevalence of confirmed HIV infection was 1.6%; among persons who did not return for confirmatory testing, it was 2.0%. Eighty-three percent were infected with CRF01_AE strains (formerly subtype E) as determined by serological typing. The estimated incidence of HIV infection using a capture EIA assay was 0.19 per 100 person-years. Female sex, older age, single marital status, and lower educational attainment were associated with HIV infection. Persons who reported working in the fishing or sex-work industries were more frequently infected (2.4% and 4.1%, respectively), but accounted for a small percent of the tested population in RV148 (0.7% and 0.6%, respectively), reflecting the overall low-risk of HIV in this study. Those screened for eligibility but did not participate in the vaccine trial were not substantially different from enrolled vaccine trial subjects.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
package org.klesun.deep_assoc_completion.structures.psalm;
import java.util.List;
public class TFunc implements IType
{
final public List<Param> params;
final public IType returnType;
public TFunc(List<Param> params, IType returnType)
{
this.params = params;
this.returnType = returnType;
}
public static class Param
{
final IType type;
final Boolean isOptional;
final Boolean isSpread;
public Param(IType type, Boolean isOptional, Boolean isSpread) {
this.type = type;
this.isOptional = isOptional;
this.isSpread = isSpread;
}
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Request a call
By submitting this enquiry, you confirm you have had the opportunity to read and understand our Privacy Policy.
1Tick here to opt in to receive updates on our products and services, exciting new offers and latest career tips. Please note your details will not be shared with third parties and you can opt-out at any time.
Email this page to a friend
Your Name (required)
Friend's Name (required)
Your Email (required)
Friend's Email (required)
Your Message
By submitting this enquiry, you confirm you have had the opportunity to read and understand our Privacy Policy.
1Tick here to opt in to receive updates on our products and services, exciting new offers and latest career tips. Please note your details will not be shared with third parties and you can opt-out at any time.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
(CNN) The police departments of Philadelphia and St. Louis are taking action following allegations that officers posted hateful or racist content on social media. In Philadelphia, 72 officers were taken off the streets and placed on administrative duty, and in St. Louis, 22 officers have been barred from bringing their cases to the Circuit Attorney's Office.
The social media posts were compiled by The Plain View Project, which describes itself as a "database of public Facebook posts and comments made by current and former police officers from several jurisdictions across the United States."
St. Louis Circuit Attorney Kimberly M. Gardner put the 22 officers on her office's exclusion list this week, her office said in a news release.
"When a police officer's integrity is compromised in this manner, it compromises the entire criminal justice system and our overall ability to pursue justice," Gardner said in the release. "After careful examination of the underlying bias contained in those social media posts, we have concluded that this bias would likely influence an officer's ability to perform his or her duties in an unbiased manner."
The office is currently not prosecuting cases where these officers serve as primary witnesses. Circuit attorney spokeswoman Susan C. Ryan said she does not know how many cases that affects.
Read More
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Rye bran diet increases epithelial cell apoptosis and decreases epithelial cell volume in TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate) tumors.
A rye bran diet has been suggested to retard prostate cancer growth and increase tumor cell apoptosis in animal models and in men with prostate cancer. Transgenic mice designed to develop prostate cancer (transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate, TRAMP) were therefore treated with a rye bran diet. TRAMP mice were fed a rye bran (n = 13) or a control diet (n = 15) from 4 to 24 wk of age. Tumor histology, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were accessed using stereological and immunohistochemical techniques. In the dorsolateral prostate lobe in TRAMP mice, epithelial cell apoptosis was increased by 31%, and the volume fraction of epithelial cells was reduced by 20% (P < 0.05) in the rye bran-treated group compared with the control diet group. There were, however, no significant changes detected in lobe weights or tumor grade. In conclusion, a rye bran diet increases epithelial apoptosis and reduces the epithelial cell fraction in TRAMP tumors.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
A look at the Middle East
Israel Attacks Aid Convoy, Part VI
The firsttwo parts of this growing series on the Israeli attack on the aid convoy heading to Gaza try to sort through the mess of reports to find some facts; part 3 contains some updates from around the world; part 4looks at some of the reactions in the global press; and part 5 looks at official reactions from around the world, including the subdued American statement and the Israeli justification. Part 6 reviews the statements made by various peace organizations while part 7 reviews yet more reaction from the press. Part 8 compares the video footage released by Israel and the Flotilla organizers.
[tweetmeme] Peace Now called the events a ‘new low point in the way it chose to contend with its domestic and external policy dissidents.’ Though the organization called the activists Hamas supporters, the organization blamed Israeli society (explicitly defending the soldiers and the decision makers in the IDF) saying “It is not the soldiers’ fault, nor the commanders’ nor the heads of the IDF’s. Israeli society as a whole is responsible for the grim results of the IDF takeover of the protest ships. The radicalization of Israeli society is yielding its fruit. The message to the soldiers and police is crystallizing. When Arabs are involved in an activity, the hand on the trigger is light. Determination boards the ship while sensitivity stays in the water.” The organization continues to say that Israel is justifying “its brutal and violent image” and that the ‘patriotic’ ‘silent majority’ must push Israel to change course:
Without a loud voice of protest by a patriotic Israeli public calling on its leaders to change course, we will all find ourselves in a morally and politically decadent country, slowly sinking into the depths.
Americans for Peace Now – a sister organization – joined in the call blaming the radicalization of Israeli society. ANP underscores how the events of today only prove how untenable and ‘increasingly indefensible’ the Israeli blockade of Gaza is. The organization continued to condemn the rhetoric that Israel has been using to prepare for and defend its attack on the Flotilla: “Such language [‘economic terrorism’ – describing the Palestinian boycott of settlement goods; ‘cultural terrorism’ – describing the boycott of Israel by various musicians; and ‘violent propaganda’ – describing the Flotilla] cheapens the debate and undermines Israel’s legitimate position when it acts in genuine self-defense. It also makes almost inevitable the kind of tragedy that is unfolding today.” Like its sister organization, APN strongly urged the moderates in the world to speak out and called for Israel to shift away from radicalization:
Americans for Peace Now (APN) is deeply dismayed at the tragic results of Israel’s interception of the international Gaza aid flotilla today and calls on Israel to thoroughly investigate the operation and to reassess its policy toward the Gaza Strip.
The American Jewish Committee, on the other hand, applauded the efforts of the IDF saying that the force used kept the body count down (the AJC has a website called the ‘Z-Word‘ and does not represent the group’s official statements). The group calls the aid workers (saying “the, ahem, aid workers”) ‘bent on martyrdom’ and questions all the negative press that Israel has received from the incident. It does question whether the bad PR that resulted from the events was worth stopping the ship: “Regardless of this, the deaths represent a PR disaster for Israel and it remains to be seen whether it was worth taking the inevitable risks associated with such an operation in order to keep Hamas isolated. And there’s also the question of what approach Israel will take to the next convoy, and the one after that.” AJC obviously takes a more pro-Israeli view in justifying the attacks, though it does have some interesting remarks (h/t to Mondoweiss):
The use of greater force from the start might have led to one or two hotheads getting killed but might well have kept the final body count down to more manageable proportions.
International Criminal Law
NEW POST
All of the sudden Israel became a source of inspiration and a leading factor in American Jewish life. Often it was heralded as the “light unto nations” and various narratives at this time sprang up with great proliferation. Criticism of Israel and its policies within the community and within the world in general was kept hidden to a point that criticism was (and still now) considered anti-Semitic or “self hating.” This newly found love affair produced a plethora of “authoritative” works by prominent American Jews and their sympathizers that were held in high regard. Miraculously these books coincided with key events in the history where Israel was rightly being condemned for massive atrocities in the occupied territories and foreign countries such as Lebanon.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Cognitive-behavioural intervention for depression after stroke: five single case studies on effects and feasibility.
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether or not a cognitive-behavioural intervention for depression after stroke has an effect and is feasible. A single-subject quasi experimental design (SSED) was used with an AB design and follow-up. The participants were five first episode stroke patients attending outpatient rehabilitation in a rehabilitation centre in The Netherlands. Mood and quality of life were measured on four occasions over four weeks (baseline phase A). During the eight week intervention phase (B) a visual analogue measure of mood was administered three times a week. Immediately after the intervention, and one and three months later, the baseline measures were repeated. The intervention (phase B) was based on cognitive-behavioural principles: recognising negative thoughts and challenging them, learning principles of relaxation, and planning of pleasurable activities. Following intervention three patients reported they had improved, three patients reported a minor improvement in quality of life, and four patients reported a more positive mood. Three months later three patients reported fewer depressive symptoms. Both patients and therapist were positive about the intervention and three months later, in daily life, all patients still applied the strategies. It was concluded that despite some ambiguous results, it seems that the cognitive-behavioural intervention has an effect on patients' mood. The intervention was rated as feasible by both patients and therapists.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Authentication and the Have I Been Pwned API - mhaehnel
https://www.troyhunt.com/authentication-and-the-have-i-been-pwned-api/
======
MattConfluence
Frankly, USD3.50/month for API access is still an incredible bargain for a
service of this quality. Normal users can still use the webpage form to look
themselves up for free, API users pay a nominal fee that should cover the cost
of the resources they consume.
The only concern I can think of is that this opens the gate to raising the fee
in the future to profit from it, considering that Troy is "selling out" soon
[1] and will not be in control of the service for ever. HIBP is the kind of
service I think ought to be provided by a non-profit entity. But Troy's record
is good, so I have faith that he will do his best to pick a good new home for
HIBP.
[1] [https://www.troyhunt.com/project-svalbard-the-future-of-
have...](https://www.troyhunt.com/project-svalbard-the-future-of-have-i-been-
pwned/)
|
{
"pile_set_name": "HackerNews"
}
|
1. Field
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an ultrasound probe for generating images of the inside of a subject using ultrasonic waves.
2. Description of the Related Art
An ultrasound diagnostic system includes a noninvasive apparatus that irradiates an ultrasound signal to a body surface at a target organ in the body and obtains cross-sectional images of, for example, soft tissue and blood flow.
Compared to other imaging diagnostic systems such as X-ray diagnostic systems, computed tomography (CT) scanners, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems and diagnostic systems for nuclear medicine, the ultrasound diagnostic system may have a compact size and low price, display images in real time, and provide a high level of safety by eliminating exposure to radiation. For at least these reasons, an ultrasound diagnostic system has been widely used for diagnosis in, for example, cardiac medicine, abdominal imaging, urology, obstetrics and gynecology.
The ultrasound diagnostic system includes an ultrasound probe which transmits an ultrasound signal to a subject and receives an ultrasound echo signal reflected from the subject to obtain an ultrasound image of the subject.
The ultrasound probe includes a piezoelectric layer of piezoelectric materials which convert electric signals into sound signals (e.g., acoustic), and vice versa, through vibration of the piezoelectric materials, a matching layer to reduce a difference in acoustic impedance between the piezoelectric layer and the subject to allow ultrasonic waves transmitted from the piezoelectric layer to be transferred to the subject as much as possible, and a lens to focus the ultrasonic waves traveling from the front of the piezoelectric layer on a specific point, and a backing layer to block the ultrasonic waves from traveling in an opposite direction from the rear of the piezoelectric layer to prevent image distortion.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Notice how she sort of mumbled “colored,” was it because she realized what she was saying as she said it? If so, why didn’t she just immediately apologize for her brain lapse like any self respecting mean girl would?
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Followers
Stalker
Blog Network
Credits
Friday, February 1, 2013
We consider our home as the safest place to stay in. But how would you react if you found out that your home is not actually safe for you and your family? The main reason is the locks are not working well. The thoughts of having malfunctioned locks will surely give you uneasy nights or even at day time when you’re all alone at home.
As we all know burglars are all out there, waiting for the perfect timing to attack their victims. So how would you feel safe when you actually know that burglars may come in anytime of the day?
Having a good quality locks at home will give you an assurance that you and your family are safe from housebreakers or criminals. If you’re living around Canada fret no more as you can get high quality locks at Locksmith calgary SW. This company offer supreme and high quality locksmith services for residential and commercial establishments. One reason why you would choice Quick Locks that that they have 24/7 emergency service, meaning you can call them anytime if you have problem with your locks. This is something that you can’t find in other company.
A quality product is really a must have in our homes and in any other places. A burglar was already attack our house not once but twice and I hope that would be the last time. Our house now is safe because we bought a quality door locks.
Contact Info
Nuffang Ads
About Me
A mother who aims to be the perfect mother to her son. A mother who puts her own happiness to the bottom instead put her son's happiness on top. A mother who have her fair share of ups and down. A mother who continuesly learn in her journey through motherhood. Another single mother in the blogosphere..
Blog Meme I Join
A Member Of
Disclosure Policy
This blog is a collaborative blog written by a group of individuals. This blog accepts forms of cash advertising, sponsorship, paid insertions or other forms of compensation. The compensation received may influence the advertising content, topics or posts made in this blog. That content, advertising space or post may not always be identified as paid or sponsored content. The owner(s) of this blog is compensated to provide opinion on products, services, websites and various other topics. Even though the owner(s) of this blog receives compensation for our posts or advertisements, we always give our honest opinions, findings, beliefs, or experiences on those topics or products. The views and opinions expressed on this blog are purely the bloggers' own. Any product claim, statistic, quote or other representation about a product or service should be verified with the manufacturer, provider or party in question.
This blog does not contain any content which might present a conflict of interest.
One size fits all rabbit costume
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Nuyeh
Nuyeh (, also Romanized as Nūyeh; also known as Noveyeh and Nowbeh) is a village in Tujerdi Rural District, Sarchehan District, Bavanat County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 657, in 153 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Bavanat County
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
24 Cal.App.2d 177 (1937)
THE PEOPLE, Respondent,
v.
VIRGIL TRANTHAM, Appellant.
Crim. No. 507.
California Court of Appeals. Fourth Appellate District.
December 22, 1937.
Morris B. Chain and Abram M. Marks for Appellant.
U.S. Webb, Attorney-General, and R. S. McLaughlin, Deputy Attorney-General, for Respondent.
Marks, J.
By the first count of an information defendant was charged with the violation of section 500 of the Vehicle Code (negligent homicide), and in a second count with violation of section 501 of the same code (driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor and causing bodily injury to another). He was acquitted of the first offense charged and convicted of the second.
He presents three grounds for a reversal of the judgment: (1) that the evidence is insufficient to support the verdict and judgment; (2) that the acquittal of the first charge is *179 in effect an acquittal of the second; and, (3) exclusion of evidence proffered by him.
At about 6 o'clock on the afternoon of June 20, 1937, defendant was driving his automobile west on Fresno Avenue in Kern County. It came into contact with a motorcycle being driven east on Fresno Avenue by James Massey and caused injuries to Massey which resulted in his death. Counsel for appellant admits that the evidence of intoxication was so sufficient that it cannot be challenged here.
[1] The act forbidden by law, and committed by defendant while driving his automobile when intoxicated, which supports the conviction, is driving on his left-hand side of the road just before the accident.
The automobile and motorcycle came into a head-on collision on defendant's right-hand side of the road. It is the theory of the people that defendant was driving on his left side of the road; that to avoid the collision, Massey, who was riding on his own right-hand side of the road, swerved to the left; that at the same time defendant swerved to his right; that these maneuvers brought the two vehicles into collision on the north, or defendant's right-hand side of the road.
The following evidence supports this theory: "Q. Now, some time shortly after you arrived at the place where the car and motorcycle were, did you make any examination of the road surface, of the road near that car? A. Yes, sir. Q. And what, if anything, did you find? A. Well, I found skid marks on the road where someone had thrown on the brakes and rolled the wheels and skidded from the left hand side of the road over to the right. Q. How close did those skid marks come to the defendant's car? A. Within about six feet. Q. And about how long would you say these skid marks were from the place they began to the place they ended? A. I judge from where the car was standing to where the skid marks started about 23 or 24 feet. ... Q. If you know, Mr. Simms, had any other cars passed and traveled over that portion of the road from the time you arrived at the collision until you saw those marks on the road? A. You mean cars passing the scenes of the accident? Q. Yes, pass over that place where you saw the skid marks? A. No, all cars stopped when they got up there and seen there had been a wreck, stopped the closest place they could stop." *180
In addition to the foregoing testimony the witness made a diagram of the roadway at the scene of the accident on which he showed skid marks starting well over on the south side of the roadway and veering sharply northerly onto its north side and to the place where the vehicles came into contact.
This evidence supports the implied finding of the jury that defendant, while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, drove his motor vehicle in a manner forbidden by law which act proximately caused bodily injury to Massey (sec. 501, Vehicle Code) for section 525 of the same code requires a vehicle to be driven on its right-hand side of the road except under conditions not in evidence here.
[2] Defendant urges that the same act of negligence on his part was involved in both of the crimes charged and that an acquittal of the negligent homicide charge of necessity must have been an acquittal of the driving while intoxicated charge.
In the recent case of People v. Coltrin, 5 Cal.2d 649 [55 PaCal.2d 1161], this question was considered by the Supreme Court, which said:
"The constitutional provision referred to relates to a second jeopardy for the same offense. Section 654 of the Penal Code does not apply to statutes which do not make an act or omission punishable in different ways but which name different acts and different offenses, and punish each act separately. (People v. Mehra, 73 Cal.App. 162 [238 P. 802].) If the act involved in one charge is necessarily involved in the other and is merely incidental to that charge but one offense is committed and it cannot be carved into two offenses in order to inflict a double punishment. (People v. Mazzola, 99 Cal.App. 682 [279 P. 211].) But where the two offenses are entirely separate and distinct and the one is not necessarily included in the other, a prosecution for the one is no bar to a prosecution for the other even though the same testimony may be applicable to both. (In re O'Connor, 80 Cal.App. 647 [252 P. 730].) In that case, the court said: 'While a single act may be an offense against two statutes, and thus constitute two crimes, if each statute requires proof of a fact additional to those involved in the other an acquittal or conviction of either does not result in the defendant having been in jeopardy for the other.' In People v. Kerrick, 144 Cal. 46 [77 P. 711], the court said: 'to be "necessarily included" in the offense charged, the lesser offense must *181 not only be part of the greater in fact, but it must be embraced within the legal definition of the greater as a part thereof. "To entitle a defendant to the plea of autrefois convict of acquit, it is necessary that the offense charged be the same in law and fact." (People v. Helbing, 61 Cal. 620.)' In People v. Day, 199 Cal. 78 [248 P. 250], the court said: 'It may be conceded that if the two counts stated precisely the same offense that an acquittal upon one count would operate as an acquittal upon the other count. ... It is not the great similarity in most of the facts constituting separate offenses but the presence of a fact necessary in one offense and absent in another that determines whether offenses are separate.'"
When we apply these rules to the facts of the instant case the contention of defendant cannot be sustained. In order to support the conviction under the second count it is necessary that it be established that defendant was operating his car while under the influence of intoxicating liquor. No such proof is required to support a conviction of negligent homicide. Therefore, there is here "a fact necessary in one offense and absent in another that determines" that the offenses are separate.
[3] Defendant attempted to prove that Massey was intoxicated several hours before the accident. The evidence was excluded and defendant assigns this ruling as error. This contention cannot be sustained. The evidence was too remote in point of time. There was no causal connection offered to be shown between the accident and Massey's intoxication, if he was intoxicated. One intoxicated motorist may not with impunity run down and kill another intoxicated motorist.
Defendant relies on a short quotation from People v. Hurley, 13 Cal.App.2d 208, at 218 [56 PaCal.2d 978], to support this argument that evidence of the intoxication of Massey should have been admitted under the theory that this intoxication was the proximate cause of the accident. The trouble with this position is that he failed to offer or to show any connection between Massey's intoxication and the accident. Without some connection between the two the evidence was properly excluded.
The judgment and order appealed from are affirmed.
Barnard, P. J., and Jennings, J., concurred.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in chick embryonic fast muscle: developmental changes and effects of DFP treatment.
Multiple molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from embryonic chick pectoral muscle were examined by sucrose density sedimentation. Embryonic muscle in ovo possessed three molecular forms with apparent sedimentation coefficient of 7S, 11S, and 20S. The proportion of the 20S form increased 4-fold between days 11 and 18 in ovo and there was a decrease in the proportion of the 7S and 11S forms. Cultured embryonic muscle contained only 7S and 11S AChE despite the presence of the 20S form in the tissue from which the cultures were derived. Brief treatment with diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) completely inhibited the enzyme activity; the newly synthesized AChE first appeared as a 7S form. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the peak fractions from the sucrose gradients revealed that the 7S AChE was composed of two electrophoretic forms and gave evidence that the 20S AChE was too large to enter the running gel. The results are consistent with the ideas that the distribution of AChE molecular forms is regulated during embryonic development and that AChE is first synthesized as a low molecular weight form following inhibition with organophosphate compounds.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Posted
by
timothy
on Saturday December 29, 2012 @12:22PM
from the c'mon-the-place-is-called-death-valley dept.
Hugh Pickens writes "Adam Nagourney reports that after a yearlong investigation a team of climate scientists announced that it is throwing out a reading of 136.4 degrees claimed by the city of Al Aziziyah, Libya on Sept. 13, 1922 making the 134-degree reading registered on July 10, 1913, at Greenland Ranch in Death Valley the official world record as the hottest place on earth. 'It's about time for science, but I think we all knew it was coming,' says Randy Banis. 'You don't underestimate Death Valley. Most of us enthusiasts are proud that the extremes that we have known about at Death Valley are indeed the most harsh on earth.' The final report by 13 climatologists appointed by the World Meteorological Organization, the climate agency of the United Nations, found five reasons to disqualify the Libya claim, including questionable instruments, an inexperienced observer who made the reading, and the fact that the reading was anomalous for that region and in the context of other temperatures reported in Libya that day. 'The more we looked at it, the more obvious it appeared to be an error,' says Christopher C. Burt, a meteorologist with Weather Underground who started the debate in a blog post in 2010."
You're right, I'm not a scientist, and as such I know how much land an ox can plow in a day! How could the rest of the world be so silly? The only reason that the metric system hasn't been implemented in the US is laziness masquerading as self-entitlement "How dare you take this away from me! This is our history!" Hell, I'm a well educated person, and I had to google ox to find out exactly what one is in relation to a cow. (Trained for farm work apparently, often a castrated male)
Liter sized beers? I don't know what part of Europe you're from, but most beers come in 33 cl cans or bottles. Some brews come in 50 cl (.5 l) bottles. In eastern Europe.5 l beers from the tap are more common. Western Europe has glasses of beer varying from 20 to 33 cl from the tap. In some places you can order a meter of beer, which is just a plank of a meter length with 10 to 15 beers (depending on the size of the beers) in holes.
I'm not saying this makes sense to -me- I was saying this is what you have to overcome. People created the imperial system after things they could visualize. Over time the system became a part of the culture. At that point its almost impossible to change, in order to hack culture, you have to overload and redefine the symbols and the rituals of that culture. This has been the chief problem with the Metric system, its hard for the common man to know if 1 Kg of a substance for $10 is a better deal that 1
When you change systems you dont find a way for people to handle the transition, there isn't one. Systems change all the time, people get a bit confused, then they learn. A little metric confusion over the whole country for a decade is actually not that much more serious than the current 'different from everyone else' confusion that is a constant problem.
We are mostly water. As to "Fahrenheit is a scale based what is hot an cold to humans", what the $#@$% are you talking about?Try reading http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FahrenheitIt goes over what how and why Fahrenheit set his temperature scale the way he did, and you know what, the human feelings had nothing to do with it, though the temperature of human blood was used for part of it. I find that kind of creepy, but a lot of people were obsessed about that kind of stuff in the early 1700s.
So again, Fahrenheit isn't based on what a human might think is hot or cold, it's based on some arbitrary points and scaling by it's creator. For that matter, so is the Celsius scale, but in a lesser extent because it based the whole thing on a consistent set of arbitrary stuff. (The Freezing and boiling of water broken into 100 degrees.)
Yeah, it's a bit odd here. Temperature in Celsius and distance in miles. People's height in feet & inches and weight in stones & pounds.
It's even odder in a supermarket where we use both imperial and metric. You can buy cheese at the deli in either unit.
Thank goodness we ditched the old coinage for a metric system. Mind you, it'd be more hip to say we used LSD as a currency:-)
Most of this dual measurement in shops (including the change from gallons to litres at the petrol pumps) came about as part of 'closer European ties' back in the 90s, IIRC. There were certain things the government wouldn't budge on, such as changing road signs to miles, and getting rid of the good old British pint glass.
In our supermarkets (Canada) you will see a sign below some fruit with the $/kg price below it. The next type of fruit will have $/lb. I shit you not! Don't even get me started on mixing fruits (on the same damn shelf) with some having a $/lb label and some having a $/unit (with lb underneith) layout out in such a way that they look almost like a $/lb label.
I'm in the UK and I tend to think in terms of celsius for low temperatures and fahrenheit for high temperatures - i.e, if it's close to or below 0 it's cold (thinking in celsius), and if it's in the 80s or 90s it's hot. I think it's the appeal of zero for freezing, coupled with the still common use of fahrenheit in the media to report hot weather.
Maybe people on SlashDot will finally learn that scientific notation and the metric system make it easier to not make stupid mistakes while communicating measurements. Really, "136.4 degrees" ? Come on, put some scale with that, n00b.
Maybe people on SlashDot will finally learn that scientific notation and the metric system make it easier to not make stupid mistakes while communicating measurements. Really, "136.4 degrees" ? Come on, put some scale with that, n00b.
Even if they had specified degrees fahrenheit, it would still be wrong, since the original measurement didn't have that level of precision. It's the same mistake that has everyone thinking that normal body temperature is exactly 98.6 degrees F.
If it were 136.4 Kelvins it would NOT be anything like the hottest temperature recorded on Earth, in the great outdoors, we, humans, would consider it bitterly fucking cold. So unless you're not a human, or you're a moron, you're just splitting hairs. Ditto on the question of whether it's Celsius/Centigrade or Fahrenheit. If the outdoor temperature hits 136.4 or even 134 degrees C, referring to the ambient atmospheric temperature, without counting anywhere or any occasion whe
What for? It's already completely obvious that the units are degrees Fahrenheit, even to people from outside of the United States, such as myself. 136.4 degrees Celsius is 36.4 degrees above the boiling point of water; it's unlikely that good record keeping would have been done in such a climate:P
You're foolish if you think the human body's temperature is exactly 37C. In fact it varies according to your circadian rhythm and any activity you may or may not be doing. Anything between 36 and 37.5 is completely normal, and physicians only start to talk about "fever" past 38C.
I recently had a promotion where I offered cash for bugs just like the one you've pointed out. Do you have Paypal, and I'll send some to you ($15 for that one). If you find more, I'll happily pay more.
I have over a thousand 'litmus' test sums, but I can't test every single possibility for obvious reasons.
Dont want your money, but I also noticed that Pascal() errors out extremely early due to it using a naive factorial method where the intermediate products overflow double precision. See the wikipedia article on Pascals Triangle in the section titled "Calculating an individual row or diagonal by itself (Gray's Theory)"
I called the factorial method naive because the multiple recursions used to calculate the multiple factorials is also more expensive than the single recursion necessary, ie.. it has no redeem
Would calculating very large numbers in Pascal's triangle be useful for you or others at least? If so, I might get that in for the next version too (currently it's just: row! / (index! * (row-index)! ).
If you won't accept any reward money, then at least email me, and I'll send you a link for the full version. If you wish of course - not sure if it's gone up in your estimation since 'crappy';)
I was in Ali Al Salem, Kuwait in June of 2010 and the thermostats showed it was 138. Maybe it was because it was a Air Base and had a lot of planes? Anyway, the lack of humidity there meant the heat wasn't that bad. I've felt absolutely horrible in the Southern USA when the temperature was only in the 90s. There it was in the 130s and it was hot but not unbearably so. I guess the lack of humidity meant that your sweat actually worked better?
You're right, of course - but what if the only shade you can find is your own shadow? How does that affect something like trying to record the temperature? I guess we could just say "hotter than hell" and leave it at that.
There's a standard for measuring temperature so you don't have one thermometer in full sun on a backboard made of copper painted black and another under a waterfall (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevenson_screen).Near where I am there is a local government park that had the trees and grass replaced with dark coloured paving, and the local newspaper found that the temperature of a thermometer placed on that paving was at around those Death Valley temperatures while the official figure measured at the airport
I worked roofing for awhile, here and there. Take any metal tool, be it a framing square, a hammer, a screwdriver, and lay it on the hot asphalt shingled roof for just a few minutes. The actual temp may only be high seventies, but on a clear sunshiny day, picking that metal tool up after ten minutes can blister your hands. (Of course, I use degrees F, that would be high 20's for you?) I wasn't scientific about it, but a lighter colored roof didn't seem to cook those tools quite so quickly. Color was a
Oddly enough the colour that absorbs close to the maximum of solar radiation after it gets through the atmosphere is very close to terracotta tile red. Oxidised copper isn't far off, then there's black, which is slightly less because it re-radiates more without absorbing any extra. Asphalt is a very good insulator so keeps the heat, but if it came in a reddish brown it would get even hotter.
As another poster pointed out, the temperature must be in the shade, and that matters.
To demonstrate just how much a little environmental change can adjust heat though, and hence why the standard must be that the temperature is taken in shade, even here in the UK, in my greenhouse with no fans running for better airflow, my thermometer has recorded 56.5C (133F) even with the vents open. A simple glass structure with windows open can trap drastically more heat relative to the outside temperature in the shade
I had a friend in college who came from central Africa... to our school in central Texas. He really could not handle the heat that I took in stride. He expressed exactly the same misunderstanding that your family had, but the opposite polarity.
Well, of course elevation has everything to do with temperature. Proximity to the seacoast is the other big determinant.
Quito, Ecuador is within 25 km of the equator, but is at an elevation of 2850 m. For each of the twelve months of the year, independently, the average high varies between 18 and 19 C, and the average low, 9 and 11.
Puerto Bolivar, Ecuador is at an elevation of only 27 m, and the corresponding highs are 27-32 and the lows are 20-22. It is right on the coast, which serves to moderate the temp
Promotional leaflets that still boast of Death Valley as being merely the hottest place in the United States are being rewritten, and resort owners say they are girding for a crush of heat-seeking visitors come next summer. There is even talk of having an official 100-year celebration of the record-setting measurement next July.
“It’s about time for science, but I think we all knew it was coming,” said Randy Banis, the editor of DeathValley.com, an online newsletter promoting the valley. “You don’t underestimate Death Valley. Most of us enthusiasts are proud that the extremes that we have known about at Death Valley are indeed the most harsh on earth.”
I wonder where those measurements (of temperature) were taken. Were they "official temperatures" -- e.g. taken in the shade? Temperatures sampled using a different methodology (e.g. out in the sun, on a tarmac, etc, etc) can certainly exceed the official temperatures, and temperature records.
Not, as the misleading title suggests, the hottest place, just the hottest properly recorded single temperature readingbig emphasis on single temperature reading - one reading a day/week/year does not make.
Properly recording temperature isn't simple or intuitive - it's also kind of hard to do in some parts of the world because it's so damn hot.
The hottest place on the planet most years is in the Danakil Desert, which not surprisingly is a bit of a ghost town. Death Valley is about 86 metres below sea level,
BS. Missed that? Bullshit. In Canada most climate data is based on extrapolations on 30-35 year windows because there is no other data, because it doesn't exist. Any other data that existed was based on sites that weren't even close, or were from 400+KM away. Most of our weather network didn't even exist until 1977, and only cities, military bases and outposts did weather recording. Or landlocked ships.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
writing an xml file that contains a euro symbol (€) in Python using xml.etree
I am trying to use xml.etree to read and write xml files containing a € symbol.
My simplified code looks like this:
optionsdirectory = os.getcwd()
optionsfile = os.path.join(optionsdirectory, "conf")
optionstree = ET.parse(optionsfile)
options = optionstree.getroot()
for option in options:
if option.tag == "currency":
option.text = "€"
optionstree.write(optionsfile, encoding="UTF-8")
I get the following error when it is run:
File "C:\curr.py", line 8
optionstree.write(optionsfile, encoding="UTF-8")
File "C:\Python27\lib\xml\etree\ElementTree.py", line 815, in write
serialize(write, self._root, encoding, qnames, namespaces)
File "C:\Python27\lib\xml\etree\ElementTree.py", line 934, in _serialize_xml
_serialize_xml(write, e, encoding, qnames, None)
File "C:\Python27\lib\xml\etree\ElementTree.py", line 932, in _serialize_xml
write(_escape_cdata(text, encoding))
File "C:\Python27\lib\xml\etree\ElementTree.py", line 1068, in _escape_cdata
return text.encode(encoding, "xmlcharrefreplace")
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0x80 in position 2114: ordinal not in range(128)
Is there a way to write a € symbol to an xml file using xml.etree?
A:
You need to use a unicode literal. It'll be easier to use a unicode escape instead of the character:
option.text = u"\u20AC" # Euro sign
What happens when you do not use a unicode literal but a byte (string) literal instead, is that Python tries to decode the value to a unicode literal using the default encoding, which is ASCII. This results in the UnicodeDecodeError you saw.
If you really do want to use the unescaped character, make sure you specify the encoding of your source file at the top:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
and make sure your editor uses UTF-8 to save the file. You'd still have to use a unicode literal though:
option.text = u"€"
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Q:
What's the preferred way to substring in D language?
I have googled but just no luck.
I want to chop the first character of a string like this:
string s = "hello, world";
string t = cast(string) s[1..$]; // OK
string u = s[1..$]; // ERROR, can't cast char[] to string.
Well, I may miss something. cast(string) make the code more unreadable.
Is there any easier way to get the substring (without cast)?
A:
You shouldn't have to cast there at all, these are all strings.
If s is a char[], you might be able to force it to be string by specifying it (like you did in the example), or use to!string(s) to convert it. to!string is found in the module std.conv.
After you have everything of consistent types, when doing substrings, slicing is good, like you are doing there, but you might want to be a little careful if there's non-ascii characters in it. string[1 .. $] chops off the first byte, but a character might be multiple bytes.
If you import std.utf;, you'll have a function called stride available which can check for multi byte characters.
string t = s[s.stride() .. $]; // chops off the first character*, even if it is multi-byte
Note that I'm saying "character" here but technically, that's not always true either. Unicode strings can get very complicated. std.uni.normalize is a function that can help this, but it still isn't perfect, slicing off one character depends on your specific task.
Generally, though, I'd say get the index with other functions, then slice it. So if you want to substring world, do:
import std.string;
auto index = s.indexOf("world");
if(index == -1) throw new Exception("substring 'world' not found");
auto world = s[index .. $]; // gets the substring starting from world to the end of string
Functions like indexOf can handle the complications of multi-byte characters for you.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Chagas disease in Latin American pregnant immigrants: experience in a non-endemic country.
Chagas disease is a systemic chronic parasitic infection by Trypanosoma cruzi endemic in Latin America. Migration of women of childbearing age from Latin America to developed countries may spread the disease to non-endemic areas through vertical transmission. Prospective study of seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection in immigrant Latin American pregnant women during a 5-year period (from 2006 to 2010) in Spain. Seven out of 545 participants were seropositive for T. cruzi [prevalence 1.28%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06-2.56]. Four (57%) were from Bolivia and three (43.%) from Paraguay. The seroprevalence in pregnant women from Bolivia was 10.26% (95% CI 4.06-23.58) and in participants from Paraguay was 6.52% (95% CI 2.24-17.5). No congenital transmission occurred. Seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection in Latin American pregnant women coming from Bolivia and Paraguay is high. Those women should be screened for T. cruzi to control mother-to-child transmission in non-endemic areas.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Jin Jeong
Jeong Yeon-jin (; born 2 February 1990), better known as Jin Jeong, is a South Korean professional golfer.
Jeong was born in Busan and moved to Melbourne, Australia in 2006. He has enjoyed a highly successful amateur career. In 2010 he had two spells as the number one ranked amateur golfer on the back of four wins including The Amateur Championship, the first Asian to win that championship, and finishing as low amateur in a tie for 14th place in The Open Championship.
Jeong turned professional in April 2011. In December 2011, he finished 16th in the PGA Tour of Australasia qualifying school, winning a place on tour for 2012.
In 2012, Jeong played in all three stages of the European Tour qualifying school, obtaining a place in some Challenge Tour events for 2013. In early October 2013, he competed in the first stage of the qualifying schools for the European Tour (successfully) and the Web.com Tour (unsuccessfully).
Jeong won his first championship as a professional on 20 October 2013, winning the ISPS Handa Perth International on the European Tour in a playoff over Ross Fisher. He was one of three players who had earned a place in that tournament from his position in the PGA Tour of Australasia's Tier 2 Money List for 2012, finishing 55th in the 2012 Order of Merit. This win gave him an exemption on the European Tour until the end of 2015.
Amateur wins
2008 Port Phillip Amateur, Victorian Junior Masters
2010 The Amateur Championship, Riversdale Cup, Boroondara Cup
Professional wins (2)
European Tour wins (1)
1Co-sanctioned by the PGA Tour of Australasia
European Tour playoff record (1–0)
Other wins (1)
2010 Tasmanian Open (as an amateur)
Results in major championships
LA = Low amateur
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Summary
Starts – 3
Wins – 0
2nd place finishes – 0
3rd place finishes – 0
Top 3 finishes – 0
Top 5 finishes – 0
Top 10 finishes – 0
Top 25 finishes – 1
Missed cuts – 2
Most consecutive cuts made – 1
Longest streak of top-10s – 0
References
External links
Jin Jeong at the Sportyard website
Category:South Korean male golfers
Category:PGA Tour of Australasia golfers
Category:European Tour golfers
Category:Sportspeople from Melbourne
Category:Sportspeople from Busan
Category:1990 births
Category:Living people
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Q:
NSData(contentsOfFile: "someexistingfile") returns nil in Playground
Is there a good reason that above returns nil in Playground? When run in AppDelegate the statements returns the file contents, but in Playground it's nil. Is it just another silly bug from Apple? Or just me not finding the docu which states that this is not allowed?
A:
It turned out that Playground was simply unwilling. Booo, Apple. I used the command
rm -rf "$(getconf DARWIN_USER_CACHE_DIR)/org.llvm.clang/ModuleCache"
to get it going once again. A receipt I learned somewhere else on SO. This also cures a lot of other unwillingnesses of XCode.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Những điều cần lưu ý khi nói chuyện với người tâm thần phân liệt
Người mắc bệnh tâm thần phân liệt có thể nghe thấy những tiếng nói ảo, có những cảm xúc rối loạn, đôi khi nói những câu khó hiểu hoặc vô nghĩa. Sau đây là những gì bạn có thể làm để nói chuyện tốt hơn với người mắc chứng tâm thần phân liệt.
Nói chuyện chậm rãi, nhưng không ra vẻ hạ cố. Bạn đừng quên rằng người bệnh có thể nghe thấy những tiếng ồn hoặc giọng nói khác như âm thanh nền khi bạn đang nói, và điều đó khiến họ khó hiểu bạn đang nói gì. Vì vậy quan trọng là bạn phải nói rõ ràng, điềm tĩnh và khẽ khàng, vì thần kinh của người tâm thần phân liệt có thể mệt mỏi khi nghe thấy nhiều tiếng nói.
• Những tiếng nói đó có thể đang chỉ trích người bệnh trong khi bạn đang nói.
Lưu ý về những ảo giác. Cứ năm người tâm thần phân liệt thì có bốn người xuất hiện ảo giác, do đó bạn cần lưu ý rằng người đó có thể đang trải qua ảo giác trong khi bạn đang nói chuyện. Có thể họ cho rằng bạn hoặc người hàng xóm, hoặc một thực thể bên ngoài nào đó như cơ quan tình báo trung ương đang khống chế tư tưởng của họ, cũng có thể họ coi bạn như một sứ giả của Chúa trời hoặc bất cứ thứ gì khác.
• Nhận ra các ảo giác đặc trưng để biết những thông tin nào cần lọc ra trong khi nói chuyện.
• Giữ đầu óc cởi mở. Cần nhớ rằng bạn đang nói chuyện với người có thể đang nghĩ mình là người nổi tiếng, là người có quyền lực hoặc vượt lên trên mọi lý lẽ thông thường.
• Cố gắng đồng tình với họ khi nói chuyện, nhưng không chiều theo họ một cách thái quá hoặc tâng bốc họ bằng nhiều lời ca ngợi.
Không bao giờ nói chuyện như thể họ không có mặt ở đó. Bạn đừng bao giờ gạt họ ra ngoài, ngay cả khi họ đang trải qua ảo giác hoặc ảo tưởng. Thông thường họ vẫn có thể nhận thức được điều gì đang xảy ra và bị tổn thương khi thấy bạn nói chuyện như thể họ không hiện diện.
• Nếu muốn nói chuyện với người khác về người tâm thần phân liệt, bạn cần nói theo cách nào đó không khiến họ khó chịu khi nghe thấy, hoặc nói riêng vào lúc khác.
Hỏi những người quen biết người tâm thần phân liệt. Bạn có thể học được cách nói chuyện với người bệnh sao cho phù hợp nhất qua việc hỏi thăm bạn bè và gia đình hoặc người chăm sóc của họ (nếu có thể). Bạn có thể hỏi một số câu như:
• Họ có tiền sử gây hấn nào không?
• Họ có từng bị bắt giữ không?
• Có những ảo giác hoặc ảo tưởng nào đặc biệt mà tôi cần lưu ý?
• Có những phương cách đặc biệt nào tôi nên làm theo trong những tình huống liên quan đến người đó?
Có kế hoạch rút lui. Biết khi nào cần rời khỏi phòng nếu cuộc nói chuyện có dấu hiệu không tốt hoặc nếu bạn cảm thấy không an toàn.
• Cố gắng dự tính trước khi nào bạn cần trấn an và nhẹ nhàng thuyết phục người đó bớt giận hoặc thoát khỏi sự hoang tưởng. Bạn có thể làm một số việc để giúp họ bình tĩnh. Ví dụ, nếu họ nghĩ rằng chính phủ đang theo dõi họ, bạn có thể đề nghị che cửa sổ lại để tránh các thiết bị chụp ảnh/theo dõi.
Sẵn sàng chấp nhận những điều lạ thường. Giữ sự điềm tĩnh và không phản ứng. Người mắc chứng tâm thần phân liệt sẽ có hành vi và lời nói khác với người bình thường. Bạn đừng cười, coi thường hoặc chế giễu những lập luận hoặc lý lẽ sai lạc của họ. Gọi cảnh sát nếu bạn thực sự cảm thấy bị đe dọa hoặc rơi vào tình thế nguy hiểm.
• Nếu bạn hình dung được cuộc sống cùng người mắc chứng rối loạn này, bạn sẽ nhận ra tính nghiêm trọng của tình huống và những vấn đề như thế không thể xem nhẹ.
Khuyến khích họ tiếp tục dùng thuốc. Người bệnh tâm thần phân liệt thường muốn bỏ uống thuốc. Tuy nhiên, việc tiếp tục uống thuốc là rất quan trọng. Khi họ đề cập đến việc ngừng uống thuốc, bạn có thể phản ứng như sau:
• Đề nghị hỏi bác sĩ trước khi quyết định một việc quan trọng như vậy.
• Nhắc nhở rằng hiện giờ họ thấy khá hơn là nhờ uống thuốc, nhưng họ phải tiếp tục uống thuốc nếu muốn giữ được trạng thái đó.
Không tiếp sức cho những ảo giác của họ. Nếu người đó bắt đầu nổi cơn hoang tưởng và nói rằng bạn đang có âm mưu chống lại họ, bạn nên tránh nhìn thẳng vào mắt họ, vì điều này có thể khiến sự hoang tưởng của họ tăng thêm.
• Nếu họ nghĩ rằng bạn đang viết điều gì đó về họ, bạn đừng nhắn tin cho ai trong khi họ đang nhìn bạn.
• Nếu họ cho rằng bạn đang có ý định trộm cắp, bạn nên tránh ở lâu trong phòng hoặc ở trong ngôi nhà đó một mình.
Lời khuyên
• Có một nguồn thông tin tuyệt vời là cuốn The Day the Voices Stopped (tạm dịch: Khi những giọng nói im tiếng) của Ken Steele có thể giúp bạn hiểu những gì mà người mắc bệnh tâm thần phân liệt trải qua và những điều tương phản khi họ đã bình phục.
• Đến thăm người đó và nói chuyện với họ như một người bình thường, bất kể họ đang trong trạng thái nào.
• Không có thái độ kẻ cả hoặc dùng những từ ngữ như nói với trẻ con. Một người trưởng thành mắc chứng tâm thần phân liệt vẫn là người trưởng thành.
• Không mặc nhiên cho rằng ai đó sẽ trở nên bạo lực hoặc đe dọa. Hầu hết những người tâm thần phân liệt và những người mắc các chứng bệnh tâm thần khác không bạo lực hơn những người bình thường nói chung.
• Không tỏ ra hoặc có hành động hoảng sợ khi thấy các triệu chứng xuất hiện.
Cảnh báo
• Nếu có gọi cảnh sát, bạn nhớ nói về tình trạng tâm thần của người đó để cảnh sát biết cách xử lý.
• Bệnh tâm thần phân liệt có tỷ lệ tự sát cao so với phần đông dân chúng. Nếu người bệnh nói rằng họ có thể tự tử, bạn cần tìm sự hỗ trợ ngay lập tức bằng cách gọi cảnh sát hoặc đường dây nóng phòng chống tự sát.
• Luôn nhớ giữ an toàn cho bản thân khi người tâm thần phân liệt đang trải qua ảo giác. Bạn đừng quên rằng đây là chứng bệnh bao gồm sự hoang tưởng và ảo giác, và ngay cả khi người bệnh có vẻ hoàn toàn thân thiện, họ cũng có thể đột ngột tấn công.
Trực tiếp tư vấn và điều trị nghiện rượu, nghiện heroin, trầm cảm, lo âu, rối loạn tâm thần nội sinh hoặc do sử dụng rượu, cần sa, cỏ Mỹ, ma túy đá (nghiện đá, ngáo đá), thuốc lắc, ketamin. Tiến sĩ, Bác sĩ Trần thị Hồng Thu, hiện đang công tác tại Bệnh viện Tâm thần ban ngày Mai Hương - Điện thoại, Zalo, Facebook 0988 079 038
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Q:
operate on row-compressed format from igraph_sparsemat_t
Is it possible to build an igraph_sparsemat_t from an already available matrix stored in row-compressed (CSR) format and not set every value with igraph_sparsemat_entry()?
Also can I extract the CSR structure from an igraph_sparsemat_t so that I can use the CSR-matrix with other libraries?
I know that conversion from igraph_sparsemat_t to igraph is possible, but I don't know what I could do from there on.
A:
The igraph documentation mentions that igraph_sparsemat_t is a thin wrapper for the CXSparse library's datatype. The documentation for that library is essentially this book:
Timothy A. Davis: Direct Methods for Sparse Linear Systems
But you don't really need the book to solve this. You can dig a bit in the source and find igraph_sparsemat_t just contains a cs_di_sparse, which is
typedef struct cs_di_sparse /* matrix in compressed-column or triplet form */
{
int nzmax ; /* maximum number of entries */
int m ; /* number of rows */
int n ; /* number of columns */
int *p ; /* column pointers (size n+1) or col indices (size nzmax) */
int *i ; /* row indices, size nzmax */
double *x ; /* numerical values, size nzmax */
int nz ; /* # of entries in triplet matrix, -1 for compressed-col */
} cs_di ;
You can build or read this directly.
The igraph documentation mentions that this may contain either a CSC representation of a triplet matrix. Pay attention to this (see comment on the last entry).
Do look at the memory allocation/deallocation functions in cs.h (cs_di_malloc/cs_di_free/etc.) and use them instead of you standard malloc/free, to ensure that a compatible free is used on memory allocated with a certain malloc.
Note that the MATLAB interface of CSparse (take a look at the sources I linked above) also uses this approach: it manipulates the struct directly.
Finally, do pay attention that igraph interprets this matrix as CSC, not CSR. If you convert to another library's data structure, you might need to transpose. If you do that, you would need to convert to (index, value) pairs anyway.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
A post on Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham ClintonDemocratic groups using Bloomberg money to launch M in Spanish language ads in Florida The Hill's Campaign Report: Presidential polls tighten weeks out from Election Day More than 50 Latino faith leaders endorse Biden MORE’s website meant to showcase how the former secretary of State is like “your abuela” — Spanish for grandmother — is drawing mockery online.
In a post called “7 things Hillary Clinton has in common with your abuela,” the campaign says Clinton is like an ordinary Hispanic grandmother because she “worries about children everywhere,” “reads to you before bedtime” and demands “respeto” — Spanish for respect.
ADVERTISEMENT
“She isn’t afraid to talk about the importance of el respeto (especially when it comes to women),” the post says.
The post concludes with Clinton embracing Hispanic singer Marc Anthony.
The post was pilloried by Twitter users, who said Clinton never had to face the hardships of their own Hispanic grandmothers.
The hashtags #notmyabuela and #nomiabuela shot to the top of the trending list on Twitter.
Screenshots posted on Twitter suggest the Clinton campaign changed the headline on the post, which originally said: “7 ways Hillary Clinton is just like your abuela.”
Before and after #NotMiAbuela. Nice try, @HillaryClinton, but screenshots don't disappear the way your emails do. pic.twitter.com/5NelbSbXwF — Aura Bogado (@aurabogado) December 22, 2015
My grandmother doesn't have a steady income and has no wealth. @HillaryClinton's a multimillionaire. #NotMiAbuela — Aura Bogado (@aurabogado) December 22, 2015
My Abuela came to this country with a 6th grade education and worked in factories for 50 something cents to a Man's dollar #NotMyAbuela — Eliel Cruz (@elielcruz) December 22, 2015
Hillary is #NotMyAbuela but I bet she pays someone like my abuela does her hair. — Mary Sue ⭐ (@MarySueRenfrow) December 22, 2015
Hilary is #NotMiAbuela #NotMyAbuela because I was separated by mine by many miles, and a militarized border pic.twitter.com/3cGk3dkIa7 — Marisol Ramos (@LaMarichola) December 22, 2015
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Q:
What happens if you skip the practice games?
I haven't played any league games yet in StarCraft 2. When I go to the league page, there is a button that suggests something like "test skills". As far as I know it will be 5 games to determine my level and to put me in the most appropriate group (bronze, silver, etc).
But there is also "Skip" button. What will be if I skip those testing? Will I be able to play few games and than go back to tests? Or I will be put into "Bronze" league instead?
A:
I believe this "test skills" option you are referring to is your practice games. You get 50 practice games, and they are optional. These games don't count for anything in your profile. I'm not sure exactly whom they are against (whether other practice league players or regular league players).
Once you run out of your 50 practice games (or skip them), you will not be able to go back.
After the practice games, you will then be put into your placement matches. From this point on, your games record goes into your profile. The placement matches are to determine in what league you will best be placed (Bronze, Silver, etc.). Once your placement matches are over, you will be in one of those leagues. You won't be able to choose to go back to the placement matches again - the matchmaking system will only be matching you up against people it thinks are evenly matched with you.
Personally, I skipped the practice games. I wanted to start playing against people the system thinks are evenly matched with me as soon as possible.
A:
You start out in the practice league. In this league you play unranked matches against other practice league players, on special maps designed to prevent early rushes. Matches in the practice league also take place at a slower game speed.
You can play 50 games in the practice league before you have to move on. You can also choose to leave the practice league early, but if you do so you won't be able to go back. (This is the "Skip" button you mentioned)
Once you leave the practice league, you begin a series of 1v1 placement matches to determine which 1v1 league you will be placed in (Bronze, Silver, Gold, etc.) You can't play any ranked games (1v1, 2v2, etc) until you leave the practice league.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Signature Request
Nature of the Creation: SignatureSize (In Pixels): width X heightWith or Without Animation: YesMain Colors:BluePictures & Links:https://i.servimg.com/u/f49/17/19/90/23/admin210.pngText to Insert : In the lef side write "Founder" in the right side write "Adikz"Font (Provide Download Link): Any fontFont Color:White will be good Link to My Forumotion Forum:Adikz TambayanExtra Comments:Make it Nice
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Mention Cyrano de Bergerac these days and a film fan might remember the French Gerard Depardieu version from 1990. Until it more or less stopped being shown in the late 1970s, most American TV watchers were familiar with this 1950 Stanley Kramer/Carl Foreman stab at the classic story, an ambitious production made on a moderate budget. José Ferrer won the Oscar for his impressive performance as the hammy long-nosed Frenchman who wouldn't shut up. Helped by clever art direction and an excellent score, Cyrano de Bergerac was a big early success for the 'wildcat' independent producer Kramer, whose reward was a multi-picture deal with Harry Cohn at Columbia.
Working from the play by Edmond Rostand, screenwriter Carl Foreman's standard telling even more closely favors the character of the swordsman and poet with the long nose. Cyrano de Bergerac (José Ferrer) loves the beautiful Roxanne (Mala Powers) but discovers that she favors the handsome Christian de Neuvillette (William Prince). He woos her for the younger man, substituting his poetry for Christian's tongue-tied lack of imagination. But war with Spain intervenes to change all of their fates.
Rostand's Cyrano is a fountain of romance and sentimental poetry presented with good will and substantial wit. Foreman retains the stage talk but manages to open the film up just enough to avoid stuffiness. Ferrer's Cyrano fights two major duels in the first reel before the plot settles down to the time honored substitute-lover gambit, the one imitated ad infinitum in other plots and situation comedies. Christian is handsome but an inarticulate oaf when it comes to words. Cyrano's nose scares women and starts swordfights but his poet's tongue could woo a stone statue.
A fine director of actors, Michael Gordon later helmed Pillow Talk, helping to forge a style of romantic comedy that would stay in vogue for twenty years. Considering the limited resources his accomplishment on Cyrano de Bergerac is impressive. The costumes never look shabby and even the battle scenes filmed on an interior sound stage don't look cramped. Gordon keeps us focused on the emotions and the actors, and everything else takes a subordinate position.
Cyrano fights like a hero but suffers like a fool in love, and it's impossible not to empathize with him. We just plain like the guy. The makeup used to create his impossibly long nose is unapologetically theatrical, but certainly effective. The only time it (ahem) sticks out is when Ferrer throws his head back to show those two long nostrils. Seen from below the nose looks like an alien vegetable, growing on the actor's face.
It's José Ferrer's show of course. He holds the screen with the best of them, just as he'd later run away with any movie even when cast in a small part (The Caine Mutiny, for one). At this time Ferrer was something of a wonder on the New York stage, reportedly appearing in two plays at one time. His polished voice and mannerisms refresh the art of stage posing. Even when standing still making flowery talk about sunsets and broken hearts, we buy it. The abundance of comedy in the script is a big help. Cyrano's disgusted reaction after Christian (an okay William Prince) flops with Roxanne is really funny.
Carl Foreman's script dovetails into a coda fifteen years down the road, in which Cyrano makes a poignant death-speech to Roxanne, revealing that it was he who loved her all the time. It's calculated, obvious and yet works extremely well. Audiences loved Cyrano, José was inaugurated as a film star and Stanley Kramer had the hit that helped him weather several flopperoos until his triumph with High Noon and his fight with Carl Foreman.
The supporting cast is adequate but not much more, although the film focuses so closely on Cyrano it would hardly make a difference. Familiar faces like Don Beddoe and Percy Helton add appropriate color. The nun in the final scene is Virginia Christine, later memorable in Invasion of the Body Snatchers and as Mrs. Olsen on the long-running Folger's coffee commercials. One of the prettiest discoveries of the '50s, Mala Powers (The City that Never Sleeps, The Unknown Terror, The Colossus of New York) handles the lines well enough, but doesn't really shine. This is too bad, as Ms. Powers certainly had talent when well directed. She had just done the groundbreaking Outrage for director Ida Lupino, possibly the first American sound feature to focus on the experience of rape from the victim's point of view.
Olive Films' Blu-ray of Cyrano de Bergerac is a major revelation. Like many older United Artists releases, inadequate printing elements for TV versions were all that most of us ever saw on this title. A 2004 Image disc was soft and light, with a low soundtrack. This new HD transfer has a few blemishes but looks fantastic overall. Franz Planer's sharp BW images are rich in contrast and the audio is equally sharp. It looks like a "Museum Screening We Never Saw."
Cyrano de Bergerac can also boast a lively music score by Dimitri Tiomkin, who composed most of Stanley Kramer's early productions, right up to his most acclaimed hit High Noon.
See more exclusive reviews on theSavant Main Page. Reviews on the Savant main site have additional credits information and are often updated and annotated with reader input and graphics. Also, don't forget the
2011 Savant Wish List.
T'was Ever Thus.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Pages
Wednesday, January 13, 2010
Welcome to our happy and humble abode! Feel free to leave your shoes at the door, and make yourself at home!
Oh, and of course the disclaimer! Our house is ALWAYS "under construction" as many would say. And our "To Do" list never shrinks; it's just keeps growing and growing. So please give my hubs a great big sympathy hug the next time you see him, because he is always seen toting around his tool box and tape measure and I always have a project for that "honey do list".
13 years ago was a very exciting time for my husband and I. We were expecting our first child, we had just rushed to the altar and we were building our first home. Oh! And we were youngsters at the ages of 19 and 20. So although our hearts were big, our budget was small. We had never owned a home before, and didn't have the first clue about what all it entailed. We purchased a sweet little lot in a small Midwestern town and never looked back.
Our home started out as a modular ranch, and the walls were delivered while I was in labor with our now oldest son. I remember getting out of the hospital and heading straight to see our new home and feeling more joy than my fingers are able to type out. With shallow pockets, we ended up selecting the most inexpensive "builder grade" finishes throughout the entire home. But none of that mattered. We had one another, we had our baby and we had a blank canvas.
And that is how it all began! My first favorite memory of our new home was laying on the berber carpet in the middle of our big empty living room, looking at Bryan and feeling excited to assemble our very first piece of furniture. I have always loved to read home magazines and pour my heart into my surroundings, so having our own haven to work on has been a dream come true. Everything you are about to see in this tour has been over thirteen years in the making (and all done while also adding two more boys and two furry friends into the family mix). And what makes us most proud, is that we have done majority of the work on our home with our own two hands. Aside from hiring out help for electrical, plumbing and heating, we have planted our yard, built a deck, installed a patio, painted our hearts out, updated bathrooms, installed tile, taken down and re-built walls, laid flooring, swapped out fixtures and DIY'd furniture galore.
It hasn't always been easy. We are essentially self taught, which means we have made many mistakes along the way. But those mistakes have only fueled our fire. Or have made us laugh.
OK, enough chit chat. Let's take a look at the house already! But one last thing. As much as we love our home and I love to organize, our home is NOT always picture perfect. This blog is my place to share our stories and our home highs and lows, and if you click through to the projects you will notice that most of them will show our everyday messes. You can also find my thoughts on perfection in this post here. Before I took these photos of our home, I cleaned and scrubbed and cleaned some more. Inviting the world wide web of strangers to tour your home is far more intimidating than having your neighbor over for coffee or even hosting a cocktail party with 20 of your closest friends.
______________________________
The front of our home boasts a narrow porch, which for the longest time, the kiddos used as a garage for their bikes and scooters. I decided it was time to reclaim the space, so I painted the ceiling, updated some outdoor planters, painted the front door and added some furniture. Now it is the perfect spot for a cup of coffee or to read a magazine while watching the boys play out front.
I really wanted the front of our home to reflect the interior. We consider ourselves fairly fun and youthful, and we try not to take ourselves or our decor too seriously. In fact, we really love color and have made sure to splash it all over our walls and furnishings.
Let's step inside.
I really love before and after pictures, so you get to see a few shots of our home shortly after we moved in. This blog definitely shows us finding our way and our style over the years. The above was a rag wall treatment gone wrong, and a layout that didn't maximize our home's potential. Today it tells a different story.
As I mentioned above, when we initially approved the blueprints to our home we were a little clueless. The entry is the first example of one of our biggest mistakes/regrets. We made some alterations to the building plans and swapped the location of our stairs, which ultimately took away an entryway coat closet. That required us to get creative with our furnishings in order to make the most of a really small space. We added a narrow shoe cabinet as well as a credenza that our boys use as their school cubbies. The goal was to keep everything super simple to access and put away, while concealing daily clutter.
Although our landing is small, the entryway flows into a much bigger space; our living room! Which really is not that big, coming in at approximately 12 feet wide.
Majority of the changes in our living room have been simply cosmetic. We installed a new floating laminate floor a year or two after we moved in. The walls have been painted about five different colors, and the lighter we went, the bigger it felt.
The dining room acts as a bit of a connector of the entryway/living room and the kitchen. And why does everyone in the Midwest have a love affair with oak? I think some oak can actually be quite lovely, but the oak that we put in our home - not so much and waaaay too much. (I was initially outvoted on white cabinets, trim and doors.)
After living with the oak for a few years, I finally convinced my husband that everything would feel much lighter and brighter with the help of a few coats of paint.
We have giant plans for our kitchen, but the paint was a nice temporary fix until that day comes.
Heading back towards the hall now, there are a few bedrooms and our main bathroom.
The first door on the right is our main bathroom. Three little guys share this space each day and it also has to suite our guests. Although, I apparently tried to claim it as mine when we first moved in... sigh... that is a lot of purple.
The bathroom received quite a few mini updates courtesy of paint, but nothing more than that until 2014. After 12 years of full time use, both the vanity and toilet were no longer fully functioning. So we updated the floors, vanity, lighting, mirror, toilet and walls. The room instantly felt bigger, which was no easy task considering it is only a five foot box.
As much as we love our home and have completed quite a bit over the years, there is still a lot of fun to be had. One room I have been working on extremely slowly, is our oldest son's space.
He is growing faster than I like to admit, and suddenly his room needs to be tailored to a teenager! Idon't have the first clue how to design a teenage boy's room, and he really is content with just about anything which means he doesn't provide me with much direction.
So for now I just let him do his thing and the room is nice and livable , it just needs a few finishing touches. Fingers crossed we have those done before he heads off to college!
Our other boy's bedroom is a different story. This one was much easier for us to update and although it has already been a few years since we finished it, we still love it oh-so-much. Decorating for younger kidlets is stree-free - can't go wrong - get to play with colors and patterns - kind of fun!
Although we have one more bedroom on the main level, our younger two boys enjoy sharing a room for now. The majority of the room was DIY'd, and our boys provided us with a lot of their own visions and input. Because we don't store too many toys in the space, we didn't have many storage issues in the main sleeping area. However, when it came to two little guys sharing a single small closet, it required me to get creative with the storage plan.
We divided the closet with an inexpensive bookshelf and paired it with two sets of closet rods on either side. It has been functioning big for the boys (and us!). We also added an additional rail of hooks behind their door to add extra hanging storage.
Across the hall is the guest room, however, it initially started out as the master bedroom when we first moved in.
Another project that I have always adored and now wish wasn't tucked so far away in our home, is our guest room desk nook. That wallpaper gives me giant heart eyes!
The guest room has an attached bath, which once again started falling apart, even before the main bathroom did! Here is a before of the finishes we selected when the home was first built.
We lived with it broken down for awhile, but when we found out we would be hosting a guest, it was time to get it fully functional again. A week long makeover happened with a mad dash to the finish line.
We have finished our lower level twice now, due to an unfortunate flooding that took place a few years back. The second time around we installed a waterproof vinyl laminate flooring and moisture resistant trim. We hope those updates will safeguard us in the future should our sump pump fail during a power outage again.
Before we finished our lower level, our laundry room was originally just framed out and carpeted with scraps from the original living room flooring:
There are some spaces I enjoy making over more than others. Kid's rooms and laundry rooms rank at the top of the list. Home Offices are typically right up there as well.
Being a short gal, I was excited to upgrade to front loading HE machines. I have never once felt regret. We also finished the walls, installed flooring and hung floating shelves (with decorative corbels) to make the most of our vertical space.
The functionality of the room has been evolving over the years, and recently also turned into the room where we store all of our paint supplies. That required some special storage, so we built ourselves a pretty fabulous cabinet.
And do you also see that wall to wall storage to the right? We also built that completely from scratch. Definitely one of our biggest building projects to date, but we gained some pretty fabulous storage as a result. It now acts as a cleaning closet, beach gear storage, a place to sort, dry and fold laundry!
This room has been through change after change after change. I am not sure I will ever get it "right" or feel as though I am finished with it, because I really struggle working in an area of the home that doesn't receive any natural daylight. And I sit in this space A LOT. So I think I am raising the white flag until we can move it someday. I am pretty happy with how far it has come however. And the amount of storage I have is pretty gosh darn incredible.
Another completely untouched room in our home is our family room. We are talking complete blank slate to play with! And I have big plans for this space someday! (Can you hear my evil, scheming laughter?)
This space is by far the happiest of them all. Bold color, a lot of pattern, and endless days filled building legos, playing games and entertaining lots of little pals. Without investing a lot of money in expensive furniture, we have pieced together a few IKEA pieces and Craigslist finds to create storage for a variety of playroom toys, games and crafts.
Our three boys have received Legos as gifts since they were tiny tots. And they also inherited bins of Legos from both mom and dad (yes, I loooooved building Lego houses as a kid as well). They helped devise a storage plan and even sorted them down with me.
I get asked all of the time if we still love the Lego storage and the answer is YES! The key is to be super flexible about it and have a large bin to hold in-progress builds and random pieces. We only tend to re-sort that holding bin every few months.
One last bathroom which located directly off of the playroom and extremely close to the master bedroom.
When we initially built our home, we dug out a large portion of our front yard to fit appropriate sized windows and allow us to create livable space in the basement. Therefore, all of the lighting is in the front of our home, the back half is all under ground. That meant that we had to get a little creative with the layout. Our master bedroom was divided into a bedroom and a dressing room, as by code we were not allowed to add another bedroom without a proper window. Say what? A dressing room?! At first I was frustrated about the loss of a functional bedroom, but now I believe it was a blessing in disguise. It makes me feel so very spoiled and I am so grateful for the space now that it is done.
Someday we may install a dream closet system, but knowing the major expense it would have been we decided to find ways to make the space feel super glamorous and luxurious, on our budget. That meant dividing the space and storing all of our clothing behind closed amoire doors. I love that I don't have to worry how organized Bryan's closet is, because I don't have to look at it.
Once again, a lot of Target and IKEA paired with pretty decorative hardware. Oh! And another stencil that makes a wow statement!
To organize my accessories, I covered a simple cork board with linen and DIY'd some Kate Spade inspired storage boxes. We also added a few Closetmaid towers to hold boots, handbags, accessories and travel sized toiletries.
And the last little corner of our home is where all of our clothes land until put-away laundry day. I mean it is where we run our little hearts out. Once a year. Shucks... I really gotta start using this spot!
Looking back on our 13+ year home adventure, there have been times we have felt frustrated, burnt out, overwhelmed and even have tried to sell a few times... But at the end of the day, there is no where we would rather be and feel like it is just meant to be our little happy spot. It has been so exciting problem solving ways to maximize our 2200 square foot abode, and I have especially loved having y'all along for the ride this past 5 years of blogging.
Hold on to your britches my friends, because we are about to take on one of our biggest DIY adventures yet. The kitchen!
A special "Thank You" goes out to my father-in-law, who is always there to help answer questions and lend a DIY hand. This house wouldn't be the home it is without him.
I couldn't find a comment box so I hit a reply button instead. Anyways OMG your home is BEAUTIFUL! Soo much inspiration! I'm 19 and just got my first apartment and it has so much potential but I'm a full time college student so I'm on a super tight budget. Anyways so I have been having problems choosing a color for my bedroom and the color in your guest bedroom and your master bedroom are perfect! Thank you so much for all the awesome ideas!
Your husband and kids are very lucky to have such a creative wife and mom :D
Thanks so much for taking a moment to share your thoughts Lou, I totally appreciate that!! I am glad you are a visitor to the blog! I took a peak at yours as well, it's fun to meet other individuals with similar passions! And 4 boys must definitely keep you busy!! Props to you for keeping it together with such a big fam! xoxo, Jen
I stumbled across your blog and am IN LOVE! You did such an amazing job on your home, every single room is stunning. I would never guess you were on a budget of any kind! I am beyond impressed. Congratulations on your 3 beautiful boys~ everything looks so perfect!!!
thanks for all the inspiration... I have 2 boys and a busy life... but realized that I can do everything that I had hoped to do... you have inspired me to just do it! thanks! I even decided to convert an empty closet into an office for myself! you can appreciate this... it is pink all over, very girlie, and no boys things are allowed! thanks again!
I actually used a green satin color by Behr, Grape Leaves! It's a great color, I actually also used it in my bathroom and didn't realize that I picked the exact same color twice, so I must have really hearted it! :)
Many thanks again for the flattering comments, you are all making me blush!
When I did our kitchen cabinets, I lightly sanded them, wiped them clean with a damp rag and then used a primer under the paint. If you are using an oil-based paint, an interior oil based primer is recommended. I used Behr Navajo White Satin Enamel, and they turned out amazing!
I followed the same process when I did our bathroom vanity, I used Behr Kitchen & Bath Sateen Lustre Enamel in Volcanic Island. However, I am now seeing some chipping, I believe {although I have never braved it yet} that staining would have been a better option with the three boys sharing the bathroom and the higher traffic. I have not had any issues with chipping in the kitchen to date and it's been over 3 years!
Here is the link that I referred to when I did my project: http://www.doityourself.com/stry/paintkitchencabinets
As far as the boys bedroom, we placed the brown molding about 20 inches below the ceiling line. We actually didn't measure at first, we just eye balled it and marked where we thought it was pleasing to us. Then we used a laser level and blue tape to mark the line around the perimeter of the room. Once we painted above and below the tape, we removed the tape and nailed the trim over the bare tape line. Pretty simple and quick project!
Best wishes in your home updating adventures! And if you do decided to try the trim in the kid's room idea, send over some before and after pics and share the process!! I would heart to see the outcome!
I was searching the internet for ideas for my 2 boys room. I found pictures of your 2 boys room on another site and it was very similar to what I am thinking of doing. I also want to use lots of colors and make it fun and bright. I then found your blog and I really love what you did with your house! We will be moving into a new house soon and I hope to make it look as great as your! I heart organizing as well and again, I love your ideas!
I too found you via YHL and am trying to catch up on all of your previous posts. So many great ideas - please keep them coming. Question for you: I love the rug in your boy's room (the striped one); do you recall where you got it? It's just what I've been looking for! Thank you!
I actually had my eye on that rug for awhile, and when it finally went on clearance at Target, I snagged it up! Keep an eye on their rugs in the children's decor isles {not in their rug isles}, they often have adorable and striped ones!
They actually still have it online! http://www.target.com/Circo-Stripe-Rug-48x70/dp/B001D72O4Y/ref=sr_1_36?ie=UTF8&frombrowse=0&searchView=grid5&searchNodeID=1038576|1287991011&node=1038576|1287991011&sr=1-36&searchRank=price&keywords=circo%20rug&searchPage=1&searchSize=150&id=Circo%20Stripe%20Rug%2048x70&qid=1272582292
I actually paid about half that so I would check out the store to see if yours has any left in stock!
Hi, I found your blog through younghouselove and I'm so glad I did!! I love all the colors that you've used throughout your home especially the green in the living room. And the organization/storage in your laundry area makes my heart go pitter-patter =) We too have a basement that we are working on, it has cinder block walls and is in desperate need of some updating. So I would be completely happy for our basement to one day look something like yours! I also love your home office makeover! And one question, where did the paisley bedding come from in the master? So, to sum up, I love your style and your passion for organizing. Can't wait to see what's next!
You make my heart go pitter patter with your amazing words of sweetness! Thanks for such a sweet comment!
The bedding is from Pottery Barn: http://www.potterybarn.com/products/paisley-400-thread-count-duvet-cover-sham-porcelain-blue/?pkey=x|4|1||10|paisly||0&cm_src=SCH
However, I have seen a ton of really amazing sets at Target recently as well, that are less costly.
Like this one: http://www.target.com/DwellStudio-Target-Algiers-Comforter-Set/dp/B002W8DAKA/ref=br_1_85?ie=UTF8&frombrowse=1&searchView=grid5&searchNodeID=404152011&node=404152011&sr=1-85&searchRank=price&searchPage=1&searchSize=150&id=DwellStudio%20Target%20Algiers%20Comforter%20Set&qid=1272751568
and this one:http://www.target.com/DwellStudio-Target-Kapali-Comforter-Set/dp/B002W8955E/ref=br_1_91?ie=UTF8&frombrowse=1&searchView=grid5&searchNodeID=404152011&node=404152011&sr=1-91&searchRank=price&searchPage=1&searchSize=150&id=DwellStudio%20Target%20Kapali%20Comforter%20Set&qid=1272751568
and this one:http://www.target.com/DwellStudio-Target-Casablanca-Bedding-Collection/dp/B002W8GIT0/ref=br_1_97?ie=UTF8&frombrowse=1&searchView=grid5&searchNodeID=404152011&node=404152011&sr=1-97&searchRank=price&searchPage=1&searchSize=150&id=DwellStudio%20Target%20Casablanca%20Bedding%20Collection&qid=1272751568
Hello, I just wanted to say you have an amazing talent. I love how everything is so organized. I wish you would come and redo my whole house. I love organization but find myself in total loss of where to start or what to do. OH well. I just wanted to say you have a beautiful home. Just wonderful.
LOVE what you have done with your home! We've been in our "stock" home about 4 years now - I wanted painted trim but the builder said we'd have to paint it ourselves before the install if we wanted it - and I was 9 mo. pregnant! Yeah, that didn't happen. We went with a cinnamon stain color but, as expected, it's starting to look grimey (like all stained trim does eventually)... Changing it would be a big job - but I am so encouraged by your FABULOUS "after" photos! I LOVE the cabinets! I just found your blog today and I am subscribing to it because you ROCK!
Hi, I love the paint color that you chose for your master bedroom. I'm planning on using similar colors from PB, too. What color did you paint your walls? Everything is soooo beautiful... you did a great job! :)
Love love love your blog!! Your home is beautiful and I you've got some amazing ideas! Thank you for sharing!! I was wondering where you purchased the picture frame holder you have behind the chair in your game/lounge area? (the one that holds 16 pics in one frame) I've been looking for something like that for awhile now & have had no luck finding one. Thanks! :)
Your home is beautiful! I love all your color and details! I was wondering where your orange rug is from in your family room? I absolutely love it and have been searching for something similar for a while!! Thanks!!!
Another fan of your decorating style here! I love the throw pillows that you have...the ones with the green and orange. Did you purchase those already made or did you make them yourself ? The colors are exactly what I am looking for in my living room. Keep up the great work...you have some fabulous ideas!
Oh how I wish I knew how to make my own pillows... I could save oodles of dollars! :)
The pillows I believe you are referring too are actually outdoor pillows from Pottery Barn. I don't see the same ones listed any longer, however these ones are similar {http://www.potterybarn.com/products/chloe-outdoor-pillow/?pkey=cpillows-outdoor}
I totally dig using outdoor pillows inside when you have kids and pets because they are so much more durable than typical throw pillows. I have had the floral throw pillows for over a year and have been able to move them around the house {because of all of their colors} and they still look great, even after my kids have been using them as trampolines on a daily basis!
Hi Jen! I am brand new to your blog (and blogs in general) as of today! I am a stay at home mother of three boys as well...4, 3, and 5 months. I just saw your boys room and was very interested in where you bought your big square storage unit? I would LOVE to get it...it looks sturdy and PERFECT for organizing the boys toys. Just signed on to receive your posts...looking forward to reading more of what you've done. I am a TERRIBLE organizer, but would secretly love to be. :)
I actually just started painting the trim white, and I have been using the Behr Ultra Paint/Primer combo paint to avoid priming and then painting. It works pretty well, however, I still have had to do two coats in each room. A good quality angle brush is very helpful as well, and I do tape it off since I am not always the most careful painter.
They have closets, but oddly enough, we don't use them for clothes. The oldest uses his closet as a study space and a dresser for clothing, and the younger two have two sets of drawers in their room for their clothing, and use their closet for toy storage.
The playroom shelving is two toy storage shelving units with pull out bins {from Ikea}, that we bridged together with some shelving and crown molding, which gave the two single pieces a more unified look. Here is a link to our playroom post: http://iheartorganizing.blogspot.com/2010/03/march-featured-space-kids-perfect-play.html
I found you through MSM.com! You however have made me want to get busy organizing and finishing up our 507 projects we always have going. With our 2 year old twins, not much gets done! Please tell me where you found your white shower curtains. They are SOOOO chic looking. I would love to get one. It seems most of your stuff comes from IKEA or Target. I love Target, but unfortunately, IKEA doesn't have a store in my state. BOO! I want your pencil holders so bad! Anywho, hopefully the shower curtains will be available online! Thanks so much. You have a gorgeous home, and 3 gorgeous boys!
I found the wire airplane from Pottery Barn Kids when it went on clearance! Love it! They put hanging airplanes in their stock frequently, it's just a matter of stalking it until it goes on clearance! {like these: http://www.potterybarnkids.com/products/vintage-hanging-plane/?pkey=e|airplane|18|best|0|1|24||10&cm_src=PRODUCTSEARCH||NoFacet-_-NoFacet-_-NoMerchRules-_-}
I found your blog through Moneysavingmom. Your blog is AMAZING! Every room is beautifully done. The colors are calming. The organization is something I dream of! I love the flowers on the wall in your bedroom above your desk/closet are. Where did you find them? I think it is awesome that you are willing to share your colors, stores, and tips. It helps to be able to know where to find all these great things.
I love your blog. Your house is beautiful! Did you make (or even design) your headboard? You are so crafty that I bet you did. :) In the last picture on your before and after page, is that an egg carton you are storing stuff in? Cool idea although I wonder how often you would have to replace the egg carton. Erin
you have the most practical and helpful blog I have ever found! Wow!! Gone are the days of reading exercise and food blogs, I want my life organized. And really, from what Ive read so far, you would have a heart attack at the state of my life. I like in constant and total chaos.
I cannot wait to read more and to back read everything you've already posted. I will be saved years if what you say is true- a minute of organizing saves an hour of time.
Hi there.. lol I have absolutely no idea how I ended up here.. lol Strangely enough though.. I too love organizing. I actually do it as a side job for some of my friends from church. I love all of your ideas. You decorate REALLY CUTE!! I didn't think I was going to like the green in the one room...but it looks amazing. Everything ties together really well. I am a single mom with 5 children. 3 boys are in 1 room.. I am always looking for a way for all of us to fit into a 3 bedroom 2 bath.. You have helped many of us with cool easy economical ideas. So God bless, happy day, and thanks for sharing the talent God has blessed you with....with us! BTW.. what kind of blue is that in the boys room..? and you are very blessed to have a hubby to help and support you!<3, Teen =D
I just happened upon your blog today- linked from another organizing blog, that was probably linked from another blog, of someone who visited my own organizing site at some point. How's that for 3 degrees of separation? Anyway, I'm obsessed with your home, it's so beautiful, and in every way an organizer's dream. Thanks for sharing! www.cleansmartsimple.blogspot.com
I LOVE Your home- you are my inspiration to what i am trying to achieve in my home- not getting very far though. I just started my very first blog check out my room and offer some wise insight. THANKS Tracie not sure if i posted it correctly where it says comment as ??? www.doubletroubletwice@blogspot.com
I love your blog so much!!! I've recently been working on organzing my entire house & come to your site often for inspiration. One of my favorite things you've done is your laundry room. I'm totally inspired to do mine now. The clothes pin wall art is too cute! Can I ask where you got that from? Thanks!!!
Jen-You are too cute! I love your decorating & organizing style. With 3 boys (2 of which are twins) Lord knows I need organizing help! We just bought a 30+ year old home and our renovating it one room at a time & I recently started my own blog to document it. Stop by sometime as some of your ideas just may come shining through! LOL
IHeart your home! IHeart it so much that I did a page on my blog called home sweet home, that has the same idea. My house is lacking color and has a lot of work that is needed to be done to it, but by looking at these photos, I have been organizing like crazy and finding new projects. Thanks for the inspiration. I seriously Heart your blog!
ok so i just have to be yet another among the masses that LOVES your blog! i am NOT a blog follower, who has time? but my friend told me i would love you and i do!! your ideas and decorating are right up my alley and sooooo inspiring!! when i feel overwhelmed with the clutter that builds up (in my tiny 790 sq ft house that holds a family of 5!), a "quick" trip to your blog for ideas, then my local thrift shop and target clearance isles make my house humm! i can't believe how much better it runs and looks! your blog is totally on my favorites bar, and when i do get to steal those few moments to sit and "surf", this is where i come!(i too am a working mom of three; ages 7,6, and 3)thank you so much jen!!
I LOVE YOUR HOME! I want to be a copy cat. I feel like I have NO decorating sense. I know what I like and what I want it to look like, but it NEVER turns out that way. I'm a SAHM with 2 sons under 2 (22 months and 12 weeks) so I don't have lots of time to decorate but I need it to be functional, organized and welcoming. I wish it could be as beautiful as yours. My budget is very very tight, but I waste money on things I like that I think will look good and never have a place for them. We have lots of cute nick nacks with no specific place for them. Cluttered but bare at the same time. I just still can't believe you did all this on a small budget. Tips please. How did you get started? Have you always had an eye for this? Is there any hope for a challenged mom? Where have you found your best deals? lots of questions I know but I'm desperate. Once again, I LOVE your home and Thank you so much for sharing!!! I wish I could do half of what you've done.
I started slowing, we have been making this house a home for 10 years and it's still evolving! I however, have always loved playing with colors and decor, and learning as I go! I would say I find a lot of items at Target and Ikea since I can mimic some of the more expensive home stores that way. I also love utilizing craigslist for furniture finds and updating them with a quick coat of paint. Always freshens things up!
Sometimes is worth investing in some key pieces and then building the room around those pieces on a budget. We have done that in our bedroom {our bed}, and in some rooms through rugs or other furniture pieces.
Ok, so when can I move in?! :) Love your house! I think i've looked up every link in the comments! :) Would love to know where you got the hanging folder unit next to your fridge and what do you keep in the little jars? Also, what is that piece next to your front door and what do you keep in that! Thanks so much for all your ideas! Luv it!
Hi Jen - we are getting ready to update our office area in our home and I was wondering where you find the office chairs in your home and where you found the white storage shelves under your desk in your closet. Thanks! I look forward to your updates in your downstairs. How exciting for you!
you have the most beautiful home :) i love your deocrating style... we are getting ready to close on our very first home & i will definately be using some of your great ideas! thanks so much for sharing :)
new to your blog and i cannot believe i have never been here before! so in love, your home is beautiful and your style is exactly what i hope to bring to my home. thank you for sharing your wonderful home with us, definitely got a new follower out of me :)
Here is the link to the rug: http://www.urbanoutfitters.com/urban/catalog/productdetail.jsp?itemdescription=true&itemCount=80&startValue=1&selectedProductColor=&sortby=&id=18491175&parentid=A_FURN_RUGS&sortProperties=+subCategoryPosition,+product.marketingPriority&navCount=520&navAction=poppushpush&color=&pushId=A_FURN_RUGS&popId=A_DECORATE&prepushId=&selectedProductSize=
Happened upon your blog thru Pinterest...your laundry room drew me in! I love what you did with the stripes in your youngest son's room. Where did you get the red book storage shelves? I almost purchased similar ones from either PBK or Land of Nod....but didn't want to spend that much. Thanks for sharing all of your fabulous ideas! I will be following you in the future!Kristen
Here is the link to the rug: http://www.urbanoutfitters.com/urban/catalog/productdetail.jsp?itemdescription=true&itemCount=80&startValue=1&selectedProductColor=&sortby=&id=18491175&parentid=A_FURN_RUGS&sortProperties=+subCategoryPosition,+product.marketingPriority&navCount=520&navAction=poppushpush&color=&pushId=A_FURN_RUGS&popId=A_DECORATE&prepushId=&selectedProductSize=
I saw you on Nates show:) Great job! I love all your rooms and your kitchen is giving me inspiration to redo mine. I really want to paint my cabinets..there exatcly like your original ones! I hope you have a great day!
Oh wow, I am in LOVE with your home. I, like most commenters, stumbled upon this site from a link..of a link....of a link. :)Your style fits my likes to a T. I had to chuckle looking at the first pic and then looking around my living room. I have the same exact large orchid picture (Kohls I believe), almost identical lamps, and the same style chunky couches. It's screams traditional, but I am craving more modern and bright styles! It was so nice to see the transformation of everything so I can help my hubby visualize what I am thinking. He is definitely more traditional, but I tend to get my way with style decisions. Can't wait to check out the rest of your blog now!
Hello - I stumbled across your blog from Pinterest and LOVE your home. I've seen the white chairs you have your office/desk area before but, never looked into where they were from. Can I ask where you purchased yours? Thanks!
I LOVE the transformation of the the kitchen cabinets! Would you be so kind as to give me an idea of how this was accomplished? I have similar, standard oak cabinets and would love to paint them! Thank you so very much! Toni inotfulton@gmail.com
I came across your blog while looking on Pinterest. Your house is absolutely beautiful! I hope you don't mind, but I had a couple of questions for you. My 7 year old son is a Lego fanatic and I love how you organize and store them. Did you get the shelves and drawers for the Lego's at Ikea? Sadly, there isn't one near me in upstate New York, but it's worth the trip every now and again. I was also wondering where you bought the beautiful rug in your laundry room. Thanks so much!
The storage unit for the Legos is the TROFRAST system from IKEA. You can find the details here: http://iheartorganizing.blogspot.com/2011/10/organizing-legos-part-3-creating.html
The rug is from Urban Outfitters: http://www.urbanoutfitters.com/urban/catalog/productdetail.jsp?id=18491175&color=000&itemdescription=true&navAction=jump&search=true&isProduct=true&parentid=A_FURN_RUGS
The rug is from Urban Outfitters: http://www.urbanoutfitters.com/urban/catalog/productdetail.jsp?id=18491175&color=000&itemdescription=true&navAction=jump&search=true&isProduct=true&parentid=A_FURN_RUGS
I could spend all day drooling over your incredibly adorable home. My husband and I have been in our first home now for two years and have welcomed a little boy (LOVE LOVE LOVE this kid) 11 months ago! I spend his naps dreaming of exactly what you've done but I can't seem to find whatever it is I'm thinking of, so I put it off and move on. You've inspired me to start dreaming again and with they help of your links, I can actually move forward with my projects! The buffet table (I know you said it was from Home Decorators)..is it sturdy? Will it last a while? Thanks
Jen, you did an AMAZING job putting this section of your blog together. I've been following you for over a year and have gained so much inspiration from you. As a fellow lover of organizing, you've always got such great ideas and pretty taste. Love you you can click on an item to see where you got it, or which DIY project it references. Fantastic - keep up the great work!!
Jen, I love how clean and tidy it all is! Can I ask how you paired down all the toys for the kids and also where you keep all the craft supplies for them? I feel like Playdoh and Tangled dolls and DVDs might cause our second floor to collapse one day! It seems like your little ones only have a tiny fraction of the junk.. ahem treasures... that my girls have.
Once we lost the lower level to a flood and some of the storage that came with it, we really took a good look at the toys we had. We had a garage sale and sold/donated anything that didn't fit in our boy's age group any longer, along with things they didn't seem to play with much {or at all}, and things they were ok saying goodbye to. I really like to only keep toys that are play with in sets. For example, they kept all of their Legos, Duplos, Lincoln Logs, Train Tracks, Potato Head, etc... I always asked family to expand upon their current favorite sets vs. starting new ones. This means that the number of categorized toys that I have to store and sort is minimal, and they have more fun playing with the sets and toys they love.
Jen, love the new home tour! I haven't looked at it since I first started following your blog almost a year ago.I'm 24y/o and My husband and I are in the process of buying our first home so looking back at how your house was and where it is now almost is like peace of mind for me because we are on a very tight budget and have all these ideas and forget that we just need to step back and take things slowly one room at at time. As long as I continue to follow your blog I think I can accomplish making our new house a home on a budget =) Thanks for all you do!!
LOVE this new home tour as well! LOVE! I'm going to go home and show my hubs all of your house and that I can do many of these things inexpensively! I love how you can click on the items and see where to get them. So cool!!! Thank you so much for sharing your awesome house!
Gorgeous! I loved each and every color you used for paint. I wrote them all down so when we no longer live in a rental, I can get those colors! I also love the boys' rooms. So many great ideas from there! Thanks for letting us into your home.
Hi there! I'm a new follower, thanks to your Erin Condren contest...thanx btw :-D. Your home is stunning! It looks like HGTV had a field day! I hope you don't mind, when my husband and I buy our first home I'm using yours as a decorating template! Just stunning!
What a wonderful tour! So much inspiration! I was wondering what kind of waterproof flooring you used. We would love to put a floor down in our basement, but have had to rip up our last one due to water damage. I tried to look for a dot to hover over, but didn't find one! Thanks!!
I just came her from a Pinterest of your guest bedroom and I think your home is just BEAUTIFUL!!! Thank you so much for adding links to where you bought some items, that is really sweet of you to share that information! I will definitely be back!
I love your sense of style in your home, and that you try to do things without spending tons and tons of money. Have you done a post about where you get inspiration? My mother helped me develop a sense of personal fashion, but was not an interior decorator and so I'm trying to teach myself home style. Where do you get ideas from (besides your own brilliant creativity)? Magazines, blogs, shows, etc.?
I read a lot of magazines and have been for years. And then came the blog world and pinterest and I started gaining even more ideas, inspiration and realizing what my personal style is. It's always evolving, so now I am trying to learn to make the best decisions I can knowing that my tastes seem to keep growing and changing.
Beautiful Blog. I can't believe that I have never come across it before. I just saw a picture of your laundry room today on Traci's "Beneath My Heart" so I thought I'd check it out. Great work. Looking forward to following you.
I just found your website today as I was playing around on pinterest and you are such an inspiration! I love organizing but often get overwhelmed with it, but seeing your great ideas gives me hope! I also LOVE the decore in your home. My husband and I bought our first home last year and it was the first time for me to decorate a house myself and while I am happy with the decor I'm not in LOVE with it if that makes any sense lol. Having looked at your decor I now know that light, airy and simple is what I love. I have a big task ahead but it's going to be fun. One question I have is did you do one room at a time until it was completely finished or did you do a room then add to it as you saw things you liked? I'm so excited I found your website and I know I will be visiting it every day!
You have an amazing home! I love all of the rooms that you did. The colors look great together. I am a very disorganized person and finding your site has given me so many ideas and tons of inspiration. Your site is exactly what I've been looking for. Just this week I have been slowly starting to organize my home. I'm taking it one step at a time. I know that getting my home and family organized would relieve a lot of stress and allow me to be a better mother and wife. Thank you for sharing your beautiful home and all of your great ideas. ~ Jessica
Oh this is so inspiring!! Thank you somuchfor taking the time to share your home and compile such a great way of referencing where to find the products! I stumbled across your blog on Pinterest and I'm already hooked!
I just stumbled upon your blog today and I'm in OCD heaven!!! I love the simplicity and beauty in every room in your house. I'd love to have your style to go with the organizational skills! Want to come do my house for me?! ;-)
for the built in looking desk with the iMac on top, is the desk with the wallpaper a desk top, or a shelf, or an actual desk? I want that whole thing for my room. Great idea. Also, where did you get the molding in the top of it? thanks! :-)
Thank you for the inspiration! We are in the process of remodeling our 3 bedroom 1970s style home. It is a lot of work but so worth it doing the work ourselves. You have made some great changes and have really given me some good ideas.
Hi Jen, I have recently found your blog from Pintrest and have honestly visited it multiple times daily since! To say I heart your blog is an understatement!! Your home tour is my favorite and your laundry is my favorite of the home tour. Its so inspirational!! I have a large storage area that is also our laundry. Sadly it isn't finished out even with drywall and may never be. Even though, I'm hoping you may have some wonderful ideas of how I could make it look and function better. Our storage area has laundry machines, a dog kennel, large food storage, party supplies, holiday decor, memory boxes, sporting gear etc. Am I lost or what?? Do you have any posts of large mixed storage areas? Help, please :)
I am IN LOVE with your rug in your laundry room. Good news is that urban outfitters still has it! Hooray! And I'm only 2 years late from when you posted this. LOVE your ideas. Thanks for the inspiration.
Hi jen i just found your blog today an its one of the best i have ever visited . Your home is fab you should be very proud. I am so inspired . Could you please tell me the name of the wallpaper in the closet office in your guest bedroom. Its beautiful. I live in australia and we dont have some of the stores you have but i was thinking i might be able to buy it online. Keep up the great blogging . Xf
Hi jen i just found your blog today an its one of the best i have ever visited . Your home is fab you should be very proud. I am so inspired . Could you please tell me the name of the wallpaper in the closet office in your guest bedroom. Its beautiful. I live in australia and we dont have some of the stores you have but i was thinking i might be able to buy it online. Keep up the great blogging . Xf
I too just found your blog today from a Pinterest pin. You have wonderful taste and your photo's are very inspiring. Your kitchen is great. We too had outdated honey oak cabinets. Although we didn't do all the work ourselves, like you, we added beadboard panels on the outside of cabinets. Added crown trim on top of cabinets, raised the small cabinet that was above the exhaust fan but replaced fan with over-the-stove microwave. Had cabinets prof. painted in a creamy white. Added cubbies above fridge (just need the new fridge now). Installed glass/stone backsplash. Finally, found black granite from a granite remnant sale and new counters installed. Island painted black and different (but complimentary) granite installed. Anyway, my style is so similar to yours but haven't had $ to complete as much. I'm hoping your cost saving idea's get me motivated. Thank you.
I forgot to ask... are you happy with your glass table purchased at Walmart? Normally, I wouldn't think furniture from Walmart would be good quality. It would be for our busiest room, the family room. Thank you.
I've been looking for floating shelves for a while and I want the ikea ones but they are either too long or too short for my laundry room (six feet long) How did you get yours to fit so perfectly? Have you ever cut them?
Recently found your site through a Pinterest post and thank goodness for that. You've given me so many ideas on how to control my overwhelming desire to be organized but lack of knowhow. I loved your portion of the Clean Freaks special on HGTV as well - love Sabrina and that initially drew me to it. I do have a question though....how did you go about painting your kitchen cabinets? I desperately need to do this with our 70's dark cabinets since I can't afford to replace them. Thanks and keep up the great work you do!
Jen,Love your home!! My upstairs is the exact same floor plan as yours and I am so stealing your dining room and kitchen colors! Hope this doesn't sound like a strange question, but what color is your hallway? Just wondered if you use the living room color, dining room color or something completely different.
Jen I stumbled across your blog via www.circleofmoms.com and I'm finding so much inspiration already!
I love the difference your new flooring made. Do you recall what brand/style of laminate you used? Did you install it yourselves or have it done? If DIY, was it easy to do? I'm researching choices for our home right now and could use some help narrowing down the options.
IHeart you taking a moment to comment! Although I absolutely appreciate, consider and read each and every comment, I will remove any comment that I believe to be inappropriate, malicious or spam like. This blog is my happy place, let's keep the drama at bay!
Don't see your comment? All comments are moderated and may take a moment to appear.
search
Search This Blog
shop
planner
shop
SS
diy blog
redbook
category
contributors
quick tip
disclosure
This site contains advertising banners and occasional Amazon affiliate links. In the event that an Amazon affiliate link is used, I receive commission on the sale of the products. The affiliate program does not sway my decision of what products to use and share as I only feature items I would link to with or without an affiliate link.
All reviews and opinions on this site are mine and mine alone. I always give full disclosure at the end of each post if I'm paid or gifted to write about a product.
We love to share our personal projects and what "works for us", however, we cannot guarantee that those same projects will also work for you. No two homes or two spaces are considered the same. As the reader, you assume any risks involved when completing projects seen on this site. We are not personally liable for any projects that are completed based on the ideas and inspiration shared here.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
The Taiwanese queen of pop Jolin Tsai locks lips with actress Ruby Lin in the music video for her new song, We’re All Different, Yet The Same.
The clip is based on the true story of a lesbian couple who have been together for more than 30 years.
However, when one was hospitalized due to old age and required emergency surgery, her partner could not sign the consent form because she was not her legal spouse or family member.
When medical staff asked, ‘What is your relationship with the patient?’ she could only answer, ‘A good friend.’
She then had to call around to try and find her partner’s estranged family members to the sign the form.
The music video has already received a lot of attention in Taiwan, where gay marriage is a hot topic.
The kiss was an impromptu suggestion from the director and took an hour to film.
‘People used to tell me that I look like Ruby Lin. I finally met her today, and we kissed on our first meeting,’ Tsai said.
Watch a teaser for the music video below:
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
An evaluation of estrus synchronization programs in reproductive management of dairy herds.
The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of various estrus synchronization programs on estrus detection rate (EDR) and pregnancy rate (PR) in lactating cows. Spring-calving, lactating dairy cows (n = 3,096) were allocated to one of six treatments: 1) PG (n = 514), estrus detection for 10 d before the onset of the breeding season (BS), cows detected in estrus received PGF2 alpha (PGF) 8 d after estrus, and all cows to be bred by d 11 of BS; 2) PG+EBZ (n = 510), as in PG plus cows treated with PGF received 1 mg of estradiol benzoate 48 h later; 3) C (n = 522), progestogen (controlled intravaginal drug release; CIDR) inserted per vaginum 10 d before BS for 8 d, PGF treatment on the day before CIDR removal, and AI within 6 d after CIDR withdrawal; 4) C+EBZ (n = 520), as in C, plus 10 mg of estradiol benzoate 10 d before BS; 5) C+BUS (n = 517), as in C plus 10 micrograms of buserelin on the day of CIDR insertion; or 6) CON (n = 513), no treatment, and a 32-d period of AI. Relative to other CIDR-treated groups, estradiol benzoate at the time of CIDR insertion reduced (P < .05) the EDR (C, 85.0%;C+EBZ, 75.9%; C+BUS, 88.5%). The PR to first AI was reduced (P < .05) by C compared with other treatments (PG, 60.9%; PG+EBZ, 57.2%; C, 46.6%; C+EBZ, 60.5%; C+BUS, 57.9%; CON, 60.1%). The interval from the onset of BS to AI and pregnancy was reduced (P < .05) by up to 9 d by estrus synchronization relative to controls (PG, 5.5 +/- .2 d; PG+EBZ, 5.2 +/- .2 d; C 1.7 +/- .1 d; C+EBZ, 2.3 +/- .1 d; C+BUS, 106 +/- .04d, CON, 10.4 +/- .3 d). In conclusion an 8-d progestogen-buserelin-PGF treatment resulted in the best overall estrus detection and pregnancy rates, which would be beneficial to a compact calving program.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.