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Optimising the ISAR-HP to screen efficiently for functional decline in older patients.
The Identification of Seniors At Risk-Hospitalised Patients (ISAR-HP) has recently been included in guidelines as a frailty indicator to identify patients for comprehensive geriatric assessment. Previous studies showed that the conventional cut-off score incorrectly classifies a high percentage of patients as high risk. We aimed to optimise the predictive value of ISAR-HP by using different cut-offs in older acutely hospitalised patients. A prospective follow-up study was performed in two Dutch hospitals. Acutely hospitalised patients aged ≥ 70 years were included. Demographics, illness severity parameters, geriatric measurements and the ISAR-HP scores were obtained at baseline. The primary outcome was a combined end point of functional decline or mortality during 90-day follow-up. In total 765 acutely hospitalised older patients were included, with a median age of 79 years, of whom 276 (36.1%) experienced functional decline or mortality. The conventional ISAR-HP cut-off of ≥ 2 assigned 432/765 patients (56.5%) as high risk, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.49 (95%CI 0.45-0.54) and a negative predictive value of 0.81 (95%CI 0.76-0.85). Thus, 51% of those whom the ISAR-HP denoted as high risk did not experience the outcome of interest. Raising the cut-off to ≥ 4 assigned 205/765 patients (26.8%) as high risk, with a marginally increased PPV to 0.55 (95%CI 0.48-0.62). The ISAR-HP with the conventional cut-off of ≥ 2 incorrectly identifies a large group of patients at high risk for functional decline or mortality and raising the cut-off to 4 only marginally improved performance. Caution is warranted to ensure efficient screening and follow-up interventions.
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Monday, January 3, 2011
Blogging 101, Bring in the New Year with a Blog
Since it is a new year, I have decided to do a quick guide to starting a blog. It's a great time to start one, if you haven't already. If you do have a blog already, make sure you are updated to the latest features! See the steps listed at the bottom of this post after step 6 to learn how to update your blog. If you are just starting a blog, you will automatically be making your blog with the newest features, and there is no need to upgrade.
One fun thing to do with your blog (especially a family blog), is to compile it into an actual bound book of blog posts for the whole year. There are a number of places to do this: Blurb, Bookemon, Blog2Print, and more.
I was recently talking to one of my friends who told me that she loves to look at others' blogs, but has no idea how to do her own. So for those of you like my friend, here we go!
With my post this week, you will be able to create a blog, and make a blog post. Stay tuned for my next Monday's post that will help you understand a few more features available to you.
1. When you view a blogger blog like ours, you will notice that up in the navigation bar, there is a spot that says "Create Blog". Click on that.
***After you have completed all of these steps and made your own blog, you can always click on the "Sign In" option in this same area where you will be able to sign in and access to edit your own blog.
2. It will take you to a page that you can fill out to get started. If you already have a gmail account, you don't need to fill anything out here--just go ahead and sign in with the sign in link on the page, then fill out the information it asks for.
3. After you have created your account, you will want to name your blog. You can change the name of your blog whenever you want throughout your blogging experience, but changing your blog address (URL) isn't as easy. Pick an address that resembles what you want to blog about. If you click on "Check Availability" Blogger will let you know if the address you have picked is available. When you've got the address you want, go ahead and click on "Continue".
4. The next step is to choose your template. Go ahead and pick one that you like. The biggest difference in the templates is how they look, but if you want to get things more personalized and custom, then this won't make too much of a difference. My most recent blogs have been based on the "Simple Template", but you can pick whatever you want.
5. After you've picked a template and click on "Continue"---your blog is live at the address(URL) you've selected and you can go ahead and click on "Start Blogging"!
This is the page where you will make each post.
Here is a quick guide to the buttons and features you can use on this page. While editing you can select any text throughout your post and add certain features to that text by using many of these different options. You can also click and on pictures that you have added to your post and apply these features to them as well.
1. Undo your last edit
2. Redo your last edit
3. Font choice
4. Text size
5. Bold your text
6. Italicize your text
7. Underline your text
8. Strikethrough your text
9. Color of font
10. Highlight text and color of highlight
11. Make text into a link. Select the text you want to be a link then click here to choose where it will link to. You can also select images and make them into links.
12. Add an image. On the left you will see that you can select to upload an image from your computer, your blog, Picassa Web Albums, or a URL of an image you found. While one is uploading, you can go ahead and select more images from your computer by clicking on "Choose File"--as many as you like. The images will show up in the box when they are uploaded. Blogger just made this option so much more convenient! If you accidently delete a picture after you've inserted it onto your post, you can just go back to this option and your image will still be there to reselect. Also, after you insert your images, you can control the size of each image as well. Just click on your image and you will see the options that you can click on that appear below your image. Your blog must be updated for some of these picture options.
13. Add a video (you can insert a movie to upload from your computer, YouTube, your own YouTube videos).
14. Insert a jump break. This is if you want only part of your post to show. It will show up until the jump break is inserted and then give your readers the option to "Read More" You must activate it in the Settings tab (More of how to activate it in next week's post)
15. Text alignment or picture alignment
16. Add a numbered list
17. Add a bulleted list
18. Add a quote (this will separate the text you've selected from your paragraph and center it).
19. Remove formatting (select the text that you want the format of your text to no longer be there, such as no longer underlined or bold, etc.)
20. Check Spelling
21. If you click on "Post Options" some options will appear that will allow you to decide whether or not you want to allow viewers to comment on your post, customize some HTML options (you probably won't mess too much with this), and schedule your post to go live at a specific time. I love this last option because especially with this blog, I can make multiple posts and schedule them for the day that I am assigned to post on. After you are done with your post, but don't quite want it live yet, you can schedule your post and then hit publish post. It will save and tell you when your post will go live.
22. Click "Publish Post" when are finished with your post and want it to show up live on your blog (it will not show up live right away if you have it scheduled to appear at a different time)
23. Click "Save Now" periodically to save your post as you create it. If you don't finish your post right away, this saved post can be edited later.
24. Click "Preview" to see how your post will look on your blog without publishing it yet.
25. Here you can enter in labels that your post fits under such as "Summer", "Crafts", "Christmas", etc. This way you can create groups of posts that fit under certain labels.
26. Here is where you can access the HTML code of your post. You can insert any HTML code here that you might grab from any other site for a button, etc. If you click back to the "Compose" tab (Right next the the "Edit HTML" tab) after you have entered your code in under the "Edit HTML" tab, you will see how the code you pasted in is interpreted to show up on your blog. Most likely you won't have to use this too often if you consider yourself a beginner blogger.
27. Insert what you want your post to be titled.
6. After you have entered your post, you can go ahead and click on"Publish Post" and then view your blog. You will see your post live on your own new blog URL!
***If you are already a blogger but don't see some of the features listed here on your editing options, it's time to update your blog! Blogger just gave us new features !
First, go to your "Settings" tab. Then to "Basic".
Scroll down until you get to "Select post editor" and select "Updated editor (Recommended)"
I can personally attest to the sheer awesomeness of a printed blog!!! I use Blurb every year and have yet to be disappointed. It's such a great way to archive photos/stories/etc. Plus, it's saved on the Internet so that (Heaven forbid) if a flood or fire completely destroy all scrapbooks, journals, photos, other blog books, etc., all you have to do is order another one.
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Gabe's Gifts is a year long blanket drive through Project Linus that one of our contributors, Amanda, has started. We will be hosting a blanket party each last Monday of the Month to feature blankets made. Monthly giveaway drawings will be held for those who link up their projects.
Please grab a button to help spread the word.
Gift tags to send with your blanket donations can be found HERE. To find out where to send your blankets please contact Amanda at amandaandandy@yahoo.com.
P.S. Leave a comment that you are following us--we'll follow you back!
Kelly & Stephanee are looking to adopt!
Grab a button and help spread the word! Or just click on the button to learn more about them!
Welcome to This & That Creative, a blog for creative inspiration. We feature different blog authors and blog posts to inspire you and help with ideas for creative blogging, creative jewelry & accessories, creative sewing, creative home decor / design, creative culinary / baking / cooking, and party planning/ , basically anything creative! Thank you for stopping by!
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Children's differential performance on deductive and inductive syllogisms.
At what age and in what ways do children distinguish deductive and inductive problems? In Experiment 1, students from kindergarten and from Grades 2, 4, and 6 were presented with deductive or inductive inference problems and asked to draw an inference and rate their confidence. By 4th grade, confidence ratings for deductive problems were higher than those for inductive problems, and responses were faster for deductive than for inductive items. In Experiment 2, students from Grades 2, 3, 4, and 5 responded to the same problems used in Experiment 1 but were asked to provide explanations for their responses. Again, confidence was higher with deductive than with inductive problems, and latency to respond was faster for deductive than for inductive items. Further, explanations differed as a function of the type of problem. These findings help fill in gaps in the emerging picture of the development of children's reasoning skills.
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{
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Belmont Park (disambiguation)
Belmont Park may refer to:
United States
Belmont Park, a thoroughbred horse race track in Elmont, New York
Belmont Park (LIRR station), a Long Island Railroad stop at the race track
Belmont Park (San Diego), an amusement park in San Diego, California
Australia
Belmont Park Racecourse, a thoroughbred horse racing track in Burswood, Western Australia
Belmont Park railway station, Perth, a closed train station near the Belmont Park Racecourse in Perth, Western Australia
Belmont State Park, on Lake Macquarie in New South Wales
Canada
Belmont Park, Colwood, a neighbourhood of Colwood, British Columbia
Belmont Park, Montreal, a defunct amusement park in Montreal, Quebec
Belmont Provincial Park on Prince Edward Island
United Kingdom
Belmont Park, Exeter, a public park provided by Exeter City Council
Belmont Park, Sutton, southernmost part of the Shanklin Estate
New Zealand
Belmont Regional Park in Hutt City
See also
Belmont (disambiguation)
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White House Advisers’ Book: Trump Faces ‘Embedded Enemies’ In Government
PALACE INTRIGUE
Published Nov. 24, 2018 9:03PM ET
Joshua Roberts
In a blistering book set to be published on Tuesday, two close advisers to President Donald Trump write that his administration is lousy with “embedded enemies,” ranging from fair-weather Republicans to Democratic “swamp creatures” who seek to undermine the president’s agenda—and end his presidency. Corey Lewandowski and David Bossie, who are not employed at the White House but are close confidants of the president, write in Trump’s Enemies: How the Deep State Is Undermining the Presidency that opponents of Trump’s agenda, which they dub the “resistance,” includes James Comey, Andrew McCabe, Lisa Page, Peter Strzok and Sally Yates, and possibly White House Chief of Staff John Kelly. According to the Washington Post, which obtained a copy of the book, these individuals “attack the administration with a thousand cuts... in complete disregard to the millions of Americans who voted for Donald Trump.”
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Laser cooling and trapping are central to modern atomic physics. The most used technique in cold-atom physics is the magneto-optical trap (MOT), which combines laser cooling with a restoring force from radiation pressure. For a variety of atomic species, MOTs can capture and cool large numbers of particles to ultracold temperatures (less than ∼1 millikelvin); this has enabled advances in areas that range from optical clocks to the study of ultracold collisions, while also serving as the ubiquitous starting point for further cooling into the regime of quantum degeneracy. Magneto-optical trapping of molecules could provide a similarly powerful starting point for the study and manipulation of ultracold molecular gases. The additional degrees of freedom associated with the vibration and rotation of molecules, particularly their permanent electric dipole moments, allow a broad array of applications not possible with ultracold atoms1. Spurred by these ideas, a variety of methods has been developed to create ultracold molecules. Temperatures below 1 microkelvin have been demonstrated for diatomic molecules assembled from pre-cooled alkali atoms2,3, but for the wider range of species amenable to direct cooling and trapping, only recently have temperatures below 100 millikelvin been achieved4,5. The complex internal structure of molecules complicates magneto-optical trapping. However, ideas and methods necessary for creating a molecular MOT have been developed6,7,8,9,10,11 recently. Here we demonstrate three-dimensional magneto-optical trapping of a diatomic molecule, strontium monofluoride (SrF), at a temperature of approximately 2.5 millikelvin, the lowest yet achieved by direct cooling of a molecule. This method is a straightforward extension of atomic techniques and is expected to be viable for a significant number of diatomic species6,7. With further development, we anticipate that this technique may be employed in any number of existing and proposed molecular experiments, in applications ranging from precision measurement12 to quantum simulation13 and quantum information14 to ultracold chemistry15.
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[Histogenesis of the immune system of the "nude" mouse. Postnatal development of the thymus: a light microscopical study (author's transl)].
Mice homozygous for the mutation "nude" display a dysgenetic thymus (Pantelouris, 1968). The anterior mediastinum of these animals contains a rudimentary epithelial organ (pantelouris and Hair, 1970), which has been assumed to represent not a maldeveloped thymus, but rather a remnant of the parathyroid gland or of the ultimobranchial body (Wortis et al., 1971). We have investigated the development of the thymus in homo- and heterozygous nude by both light and electron microscopy. This paper describes the light microscopical findings in embryos and fetuses from the 11th up to the 18th day post conceptionem (pc). Homo- and heterozygous nude (nu/nu + nu/+) mice with the genetic background BALB/c were kept under specific pathogen-free (spf) conditions. Virgin nu/+ females were mated with nu/nu males. In addition, homozygous females were mated with homozygous males in order to investigate 11-day-old homozygous embryos. The embryos and fetuses were fixed in Bouin's solution and embedded in paraffin wax. Serial frontal sections (5mu) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Up to the 12th day pc, the thymus anlage of the n/nu embryo is indistinguishable from that of the nu/+ animal. The paired anlage develops from the epithelium of the ventral and dorsal diverticles of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch, and from the ectodermal vesicula cervicalis. In the nu/+ embryo, the thymic epithelium begins to proliferate between the 12th day and 13th day pc. In the central part of the anlage, the epithelial cells dissociate and begin to form a reticulum. At the same time, blood vessels from the surrounding mesenchyme invade the anlage. From the 14th day onwards, lymphoblasts are recognizable..
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TPA for ischemic stroke in patients ≥80 years.
Although patients >80 years were excluded in RCTs for tPA treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), many centers treat old patients. We wanted to examine whether age ≥80 years is an independent predictor of outcome after tPA. We included 77 consecutive patients ≥80 years and 83 patients <80 years treated with tPA within 4.5 h after onset of AIS. Baseline variables were analyzed by multiple stepwise logistic regression analyses against three outcomes: symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), death and good functional outcome (mRS, 0-1) at 3-month follow-up. Age ≥80 years was associated with increased risk of sICH (OR, 18.2 [95% CI, 1.0-324.1], P = 0.048), and death (OR, 3.3 [95% CI, 1.2-9.1], P = 0.018), but not with functional outcome at 3 months. Other factors associated with death were longer onset to treatment time (OTT) (OR, 1.007/min increase [95% CI, 1.00-1.015], P = 0.047), higher NIHSS (OR, 1.12 per point increase [95% CI, 1.04-1.19], P = 0.001), and previous stroke (OR, 4.0 [95% CI, 1.2-13.7], P = 0.03). Predictors of good functional outcome were shorter OTT (OR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98-1.00], P = 0.02) and lower NIHSS (OR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.74-0.87] P ≤ 0.001). Age ≥80 years might be an independent risk factor for sICH and death the first 3 months after treatment with tPA for AIS, but does not influence the chance of a good functional outcome. We suggest to treat patients over 80 years with tPA, but be cautious if the time from onset (OTT) is long.
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Running for your life: A review of physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk reduction in individuals with schizophrenia.
Individuals with schizophrenia have a greater risk for cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g. central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidaemia), cardiovascular diseases and mortality. This risky profile may be explained by the adverse effects of antipsychotic medications and an unhealthy lifestyle (e.g. smoking, poor nutrition and low physical activity). In the general population, physical activity has been shown to be the optimal strategy to improve both cardiometabolic parameters and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Accordingly, an emerging literature of non-pharmacological interventions (e.g. cognitive behavioural therapy, diet and physical activity) has been studied in individuals with schizophrenia. Therefore, the purpose of this review was 1) to conduct a critical literature review of non-pharmacological interventions that included some kind of physical activity (including supervised and unsupervised exercise training) and target cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with schizophrenia. 2) To describe the contribution of physical activity alone by reviewing trials of supervised exercise training programmes only. A literature review via systematic keyword search for publications in Medline, PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO was performed. Many non-pharmacological interventions are efficient in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors when combined with physical activity. Supervised physical activity has been successful in decreasing cardiovascular disease risk, and aerobic interval training appears to provide more benefits by specifically targeting cardiorespiratory fitness levels. In conclusion, physical activity is an effective strategy for addressing cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with schizophrenia. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility and impact of exercise training programmes in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Desert Haven, Texas
Desert Haven is an unincorporated community in Hudspeth County, Texas, United States. It lies along US Highway 62-180 in the northwestern part of the county just east of the El Paso County line, about 28 miles east of El Paso, and is synonymous with Loma Linda Estates Colonia.
Category:Geography of Hudspeth County, Texas
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The synthesized novel fluorinated compound (LJJ-10) induces death receptor- and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic cell death in the human osteogenic sarcoma U-2 OS cells.
We designed the 6-fluoro-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-substituted anilinoquinazoline derivatives as less toxic anti-cancer candidates. Our result demonstrated that LJJ-10 has greater cytotoxicity than that of the other compounds in human osteogenic sarcoma U-2 OS cells. LJJ-10-induced apoptosis was associated with enhancing ROS generation, DNA damage, and an increase of the protein levels of Fas, FasL, FADD, caspase-8, cytochrome c, Apaf-1, AIF, Endo G, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in U-2 OS cells. LJJ-10-triggered growth inhibition was significantly attenuated by N-acetylcysteine, cyclosporine A, anti-FasL monoclonal antibody, and caspase-8, -9 and -3 specific inhibitors in U-2 OS cells. We suggest that LJJ-10-induced apoptotic cell death in U-2 OS cells through death receptor- and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling pathways.
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Q:
Spring MockMvc Passing Nested Form Parameters
I have the following form
public class MyForm {
private Account account;
}
public class Account {
private String firstName;
}
How do I pass firstName parameter?
(The following approach does not work)
mockMvc.perform(post("/xyz")
.param("account.firstName", "John"))
.andExpect(model().hasErrors())
.andExpect(view().name("/xyz"))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
A:
Finally I resolved this issue. Since I am using standalone setup I had to define validator and messagesource.
void setupTest() {
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)
this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(getController())
.setValidator(getValidator())
.alwaysDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
.build()
}
private MessageSource getMessageSource() {
ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
messageSource.setBasename("messages");
messageSource.setUseCodeAsDefaultMessage(true);
return messageSource;
}
private LocalValidatorFactoryBean getValidator() {
def validator = new LocalValidatorFactoryBean()
validator.setValidationMessageSource(getMessageSource());
return validator;
}
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The two previously worked together on the 2015 film "Desierto" and have a planned Zorro reboot "Z" in the works.
Gael García Bernal is reteaming with Jonas Cuarón and they’re heading for TV.
Deadline reported on Friday that Showtime has made a pilot commitment to a new drama that will bring together García Bernal and series creator Cuarón for the first time since the latter’s 2015 thriller “Desierto.” The as-yet-untitled project will be based on Karla Cornejo Villavicencio’s book “Undocumented America,” which is due to be released next summer.
García Bernal would play an undocumented immigrant who poses as an immigration officer to help rescue his wife from ICE custody. The Deadline story describes the series as “an emotional thriller about a man enmeshed in a dangerous double life; torn between his desire to help in any way possible and his family.” Immigration also formed a major part of the plot of “Desierto,” which saw García Bernal star as one person in a group of migrants trying to cross the U.S.-Mexico border.
This would be Cuarón’s first TV effort, but García Bernal is no stranger to non-film work, having starred in four seasons of the Golden Globe-winning series “Mozart in the Jungle,” where he played a conductor based on the career of Gustavo Dudamel. Thorough Netflix viewers may also have seen García Bernal in the recent English-language remake of “The Kindergarten Teacher,” featuring fellow TV vet Maggie Gyllenhaal.
Cuaron and García Bernal are also potentially teaming up on “Z,” a reimagining of the classic Zorro story that has also brought on Kiersey Clemons to co-star. It would be his third feature as a director, after previously working on the screenplay for “Gravity,” which he co-wrote with his father Alfonso. He also directed a companion short for “Gravity” called “Aningaaq,” told from the perspective of an Inuit fisherman who makes contact with Sandra Bullock’s astronaut character.
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The difference between the two chips: the FX has a built-in dual-channel 128-bit DDR controller, while the 3200+ connects to a single-channel 64-bit memory bus. The latter works with unbuffered memory, the former with registered DIMMs.
Beyond that, both have a single HyperTransport link, according to AMD documentation provided at the launch, just like the workstation-oriented Opteron 100. "From an architecture perspective, [the FX] has a lot of similarities with the Opteron 100," said Henri Richard, AMD's worldwide sales and marketing chief. We hear the pinouts are not the same, however.
AMD claimed its own benchmarks show the FX-51 to be between ten and 20 per cent faster than a "competing 3.2GHz PC processor". The recently released Xeon MP-rebadged Pentium 4 Extreme Edition, perhaps? Alas no, just the vanilla version. The 3200+ runs between three and 22 per cent faster than the 3.2GHz Intel chip.
But what of the EE? Said chairman Jerry Sanders: "There aren't any parts available, so it's hard to do an evaluation. But our simulation expectations has 'em beat six ways a Sunday."
AMD said the chips had ushered in the age of "cinematic computing", which is odd, since we thought Nvidia had long since heralded that particularly era. But with the graphics chip maker on hand to promote the launch, staffers no doubt felt it impolite to mention their prior claim. And anyone who has seen a flick or two at the Reg's local fleapit will not necessarily welcome "cinema-quality computing". Think of all that week-old popcorn stuck to your keyboard. Urgh.
Both AMD parts are fabbed using a nine-layer copper interconnects, low-k dielectric insulation and silicon on insulator technology. Both chips' power dissipation characteristics are identical, said Richard - opening the possibility for FX-based notebooks, aimed at gamers, in the not-too-distant future.
"Technically it's very easy to integrate an Athlon FX into a desktop replacement-type [notebook]," he said. It's up to OEMs if they want to do that.
Once again, AMD was only able to trot out four top-tier Athlon 64-based system vendors, HP, Fujitsu, Fujitsu-Siemens and Packard Bell. More than 60 manufacturers and system builders around the world will support the new chips, said AMD, but it could only list 29 of them among its launch partners (more if you list some of them more than once, as AMD has).
Many vendors may choose to wait for the Q1 2004 arrival of 64-bit Windows XP, though Microsoft did release the beta 1 version today.
Meanwhile, processor production volumes are ramping up, the company said, and it expects to ship "tens of thousands" of Athlon 64s and FXs by the end of the year. Going forward, it plans to accelerate production, particularly as it moves over to a 90nm process.
By the second half of 2004, more than 50 per cent of AMD's output will be "64-bit enabled", said Sanders.
He also said that while the company expects the Athlon 64 to cascade down over time into the lower reaches of the mainstream market, AMD will consistently pitch the FX as a top-of-the-line part, by phasing out older versions as new, faster ones come on stream.
The 3200+ costs $417, the FX-51 $733. All prices are for batches of 1000. ®
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For most people, learning to read Chinese is incredibly intimidating. The characters are complicated and are easily mistaken for each other. It’s easy to rely on pinyin as a crutch and focus on other areas of study.
However, learning to read Chinese will have significant benefits that carry over to more than just reading. It will help improve your grammar and sentence structure, along with vocabulary, which will carry over into your speaking and listening skills. And, as someone who loves to read, it’s just fun to do.
Like anything, it just takes some practice. Nowadays, it’s easier than ever to find places to practice reading Chinese. As you’re learning, it’s important to find texts at an appropriate level to practice with.
If you try reading native texts too early, you’ll get frustrated, spend too much time looking up words, and won’t enjoy reading. Likewise, if you read stuff that’s too easy, you won’t progress as quickly as you’d like and end up bored.
Don’t underestimate the importance of reading about topics you enjoy. Even if your Chinese level is equivalent to that of a four-year-old, that doesn’t mean you have to read texts written for four-year-old kids. You can find articles about music, science, current events and Chinese culture, among other things, written at a degree of difficulty that matches your Chinese level.
This post is going to introduce you to a variety of resources, both free and paid, that you can use to practice reading Chinese.
Paid Resources
Like most resources, the paid ones tend to be more convenient and user-friendly. However, there are high-quality free resources to practice reading Mandarin as well. First, though, we’re going to look at the paid resources.
Apps
Making full use out of the available apps is a great way to squeeze in extra study time. It’s also likely to be the most efficient. You can instantly look up words and save them to a flashcard list to review later.
Du Chinese – Du Chinese is an incredibly well-designed app. You’ll find articles across six different difficulty levels. Every article includes Traditional and SImplified characters, pinyin and audio that’s perfectly synced to the text. There’s also sentence by sentence English translations that make it more approachable for beginner students. Articles are interesting to read and usually discuss various aspects of Chinese culture. You can also find free sample articles to read. Use the coupon code “alr10dc” to get 10% off a subscription to Du Chinese.
The Chairman’s Bao – TCB is a simplified Chinese newspaper for people learning Mandarin. It’s available as an app or online. Lessons are organized based on HSK level and center around current events – both in China and worldwide. Every article is available in both Traditional and Simplified characters and includes audio. They release a ton of content but there aren’t English translations. Use the coupon code “alr10” to get 10% off any individual subscription.
Decipher Chinese – Decipher is a very similar app to TCB. Here, you’ll also be able to read short news articles that are organized according to the difficulty level. I find the app design and usability to be less intuitive than both Du Chinese and TCB. There’s a new article released about once per day which is far less than TCB and similar to Du Chinese. You can read new articles for the first couple days for free.
Beelinguapp – This app provides bilingual stories written in many languages. You can read a story in Chinese and have the text of another language included for your reference. There’s also audio for every story. Some stories are free and other ones can be purchased for $1 each. This app is really cool if you’re learning Chinese and another language. I’m a native English speaker with a high level of Spanish and learning Chinese now. Being able to study Chinese and review Spanish at the same time is extremely helpful. However, you can’t look up the words individually which is a major downside to this app.
LingQ – I’m not a huge fan of LingQ but it’s a fairly popular app. I feel like they try to do too much and then don’t particularly excel in anything. They do have a fairly large amount of material for reading and listening practice. However, a lot of it is user added content that originally came from other sources like The Chairman’s Bao, ChinesePod, Slow Chinese and others. One major benefit is that you can import your own content. Read my LingQ Review here.
Graded Readers
Using graded readers is an awesome way to practice reading because they’re written simply for language learners – often restricting vocabulary to a set number of characters. I find them to be a major confidence boost as it feels great to read and understand longer stories.
Mandarin Companion – Mandarin Companion books are based on stories that you’re probably familiar with – The Monkey’s Paw, Journey to the Center of the Earth and Rip Van Winkle, just to name a few. They’re divided into two levels. Level one is written using around 300 unique characters and level two is written at a lower intermediate level.
Also, reading on a Kindle or a phone makes looking up unfamiliar words really easy.
The Monkey’s Paw was my first experience reading Mandarin and I started it far before knowing the recommended 300 characters. At first, I was constantly looking up words. However, by the time I neared the end of the book, I was flying through the pages. The books are genuinely enjoyable to read and you’ll find yourself “studying” far more than you intended to.
Chinese Breeze – Chinese Breeze is a graded reader series that has been around a bit longer than Mandarin Companion. There are many books spread across eight difficulty levels. Level one starts at 300 base words and level eight uses 4500 bases words. Personally, I’ve preferred the stories at Mandarin Companion but Chinese Breeze covers intermediate and higher level students better.
Free Resources
Learning Chinese doesn’t have to be expensive.
There are plenty of places that offer free practice reading and sometimes listening practice as well. The downside is that they’re usually not as convenient as the paid options. They’re often older websites. But, if you’re looking to save money and still practice your reading, they’re worth checking out.
Chinese Reading Practice – This is an older site that hasn’t had many updates in recent years. However, it’s a great resource for you to use. The stories are timeless and are just as useful now as when they were originally published. The creator took the time to explain many difficult parts of the stories, making it easier to use for reading practice. The site uses a pop-up dictionary and has English translations included.
Just Learn Chinese – This site has many stories from beginner to intermediate level. They’re split into small parts with many stories actually being quite long. One even has 54 parts! Most stories include audio with Simplified and Traditional Characters. Some have pinyin and English translations as well.
All Language Resources – This is my site. It’s still pretty new but there are many stories with varying lengths and difficulty levels. Many have audio included and you can read with a pop-up dictionary. I’ve also posted lyrics and translations to some of my favorite Chinese hip-hop songs.
Xiao Gushi – This is a Chinese website with a massive amount of children’s stories on it. Even though the site is in Chinese, it’s not particularly difficult to navigate – especially if you use a pop-up dictionary for your web browser (I’ll mention later). Because the stories are written for Native Chinese speakers, they’re a bit tougher than the graded readers. However, they’re fairly short and most use simpler language than you’ll find elsewhere.
National Foreign Language Center – This site is incredibly dated but is still a lot better than many of the newer sites. There are 140 articles in total in both SImplified and Traditional Chinese. There are also activities that go with the readings to check your comprehension.
umich – This site has a bunch of texts available to read or download from many different genres. There is classical literature, song lyrics, film scripts, children’s stories, among many others. It’s older but has some really interesting content.
Chinese at Ease – This site has many short stories for beginner and intermediate levels. They also include pinyin, vocab, English, and many have audio.
My Chinese Reading – Here’s another site that’s completely free and pretty good. Many stories explain vocab and difficult translations. Some have audio as well. There is a diverse mix of articles ranging from songs, history, science, biography and more.
Marco Polo Project – There are quite a few articles focused on diverse topics. Many can be quite lengthy and difficult, but interesting to read. You can help translate stories into your own language as well.
New York Times – You can read current articles from NYT in Chinese, English or split with side-by-side text. Obviously, it’s only suitable for advanced students. But, if you’re at that level, it’s a great place to improve your Chinese while staying informed on what’s happening in the world.
Useful Tools
I feel fortunate to be studying Chinese when things like pop-up dictionaries are prevalent. I can’t imagine how frustrating and time consuming it must have been to look up words in a physical dictionary back in the day. With browser extensions, you can hover over any Chinese word and see the definition and pinyin. It makes any material easier to read and combines very well with some of the websites listed earlier. You should download the extension that matches the browser you use.
Chrome – Zhongwen
Firefox – Perapera
Safari – Frill
Pleco’s Clip Reader – Pleco is the go to dictionary app for most people learning Chinese. One free feature is that you can copy and paste any text into the Clip Reader. From there, you can look up each word, see example sentences, pronunciation and much more.
Final Thoughts
Don’t be intimidated to start practicing reading in Chinese. It’s not as difficult as many people imagine it to be. Even if you only know a couple hundred characters, you can find something suitable for your level. Not only that, you can find articles that are interesting enough that you may forget you’re actually studying. 加油
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Background
==========
Lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a critical problem in research and in clinical practice \[[@b1-medscimonit-24-1251],[@b2-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. It is well known that LIRI can occur after lung transplant, cardiopulmonary bypass, pneumonectomy, and post-enucleation of pulmonary embolism, which can cause pulmonary dysfunction and damage \[[@b3-medscimonit-24-1251],[@b4-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. The mechanism and clinical courses of LIRI have been well investigated. Oxygen radicals, inflammatory cytokines, and leukocytes have recently been identified to play key roles \[[@b5-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. Since the mechanisms involved in LIRI are complicated and cross-linked, demonstrating an explicit mechanism could help to prevent the potentially severe complications \[[@b6-medscimonit-24-1251]\].
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of pattern recognition receptors, provide a first line of defense against bacterial and viral pathogens. It is also reported that TLRs are initial sites for inflammatory signaling activation in the lung during ischemia and reperfusion \[[@b7-medscimonit-24-1251]--[@b10-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. TLR-4, originally regarded as responding only to specific bacterial ligands, is now proved to be activated by many signals induced by stressed, necrotic, or injured cells \[[@b11-medscimonit-24-1251],[@b12-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. TLR-4 has been reported to be a key modulator in a number of models of ischemia-reperfusion. More recently, TLR-4 was reported to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of LIRI, in which the activation of TLR4 of alveolar macrophages was thought to be the initial step \[[@b13-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. Activation of TLR4 results in the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), an essential regulator involved in the productions of several inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β \[[@b14-medscimonit-24-1251],[@b15-medscimonit-24-1251]\].
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine responsible for erythropoiesis. EPO has been proved to protect against inflammatory injuries \[[@b16-medscimonit-24-1251],[@b17-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. In addition, it is reported that EPO can reduce the production of inflammatory mediators \[[@b18-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. Recently, it was reported that RhEpo can reduce I/R-induced lung injuries through its anti-inflammatory effects, but the mechanism is still unclear \[[@b19-medscimonit-24-1251]\].
In the present study, we assessed the protective effects on LIRI and the associated mechanism in rat models of LIRI. Particularly, we explored the protective effects of EPO on the expressions of TLR4, NF-κB, and inflammatory cytokines, as well as changes in pulmonary function and structure.
Material and Methods
====================
Animals and groups
------------------
All experiments were conducted following the regulations for experimental animal welfare and were approved by the Committee for Animal Experiments at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 200--250 g, were purchased from the Animal Center of Sichuan University and were kept at a constant temperature (23±1°C) with a 12 h: 12 h light/dark cycle. Recombined human erythropoietin (RhEpo) was purchased from Shenyang Sunshine Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Shenyang, China).
SD rats were divided randomly into 3 groups (n=8): a control group, a vehicle+LIRI group, and an EPO+LIRI group. In the control group, animals just received mechanical ventilation for 3.5 h, after which we performed a thoracotomy. In the vehicle group, 2 ml of normal saline was administered by intraperitoneal injection 2 h before the operation, then rats underwent the experimental protocol of 90-min left lung ischemia and 120-min reperfusion \[[@b20-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. In the EPO group, we administered RhEpo (3 kU/kg \[[@b19-medscimonit-24-1251]\] diluted in 1 ml saline solution) by intraperitoneal injection 2 h before the operation, and the rest of the protocol was the same.
Collections of blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and tissue
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Blood was collected from all rats and the BALF was then collected by intratracheally washing the right lungs with a total of 5 ml phosphate buffer solution (PBS). BALF was then centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 10 min. The precipitate and supernatant were collected for the next studies.
Lung tissue Wet/Dry (W/D) ratio
-------------------------------
The rest of lung tissue was weighed immediately and recorded as the wet weight. The tissue was then dried for 48 h in a 70°C dry-box and weighed as the dry weight. W/D ratio was calculated as an indicator for pulmonary edema.
BALF leukocyte, neutropil count and percentage, and PPI
-------------------------------------------------------
The BALF precipitate was studied for the number of leukocytes and neutrophil percentage. Protein analysis was performed in the BALF supernatant and serum. PPI was calculated as the ratio of BALF protein level to serum protein level.
Oxygenation Index
-----------------
PaO~2~ was measured by arterial blood gas analysis, and the ratio of PaO~2~ to FiO~2~ was then calculated as the oxygenation index.
Hematoxylin & eosin (HE) staining
---------------------------------
Lung tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. We made 5-μm sections and stained them with HE using a standard protocol. The slides were examined by a pulmonary pathologist who was blind to animal grouping. Each slide was given a score based on the 3 hallmarks (neutrophils, alveolar edema, and interstitial infiltrate), and the total score was calculated (ranging from 0 to 9, with 0 representing normal lung and 9 the most injured lung) \[[@b21-medscimonit-24-1251]\].
Serum cytokines levels
----------------------
The serum was obtained from blood samples by centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 10 min and analyzed by specific ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) to determine the levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.
mRNA levels of TLR4 and NF-κB
-----------------------------
RNA was obtained by using Trizol solution (Invitrogen, USA) and reversed with the specific kit (Invitrogen, USA). Rt-PCR was performed as follows: 95°C for 90 s, followed by 35 cycles (95°C for 5 s and 59°C for 30 s).
Primer for TLR4:
1. forward: 5 -TTATCCAGAGCCGTTGGTGT-3,
2. reverse: 5-CCCACTCGAGGTAGGTGTTT-3.
3. Primer for NF-κB:
4. forward: 5 -TTCCTGCTTACGGTGGGATT-3,
5. reverse: 5 -CCCCACAT CCTCTTCCTTGT-3.
Primer for GAPDH: forward:
1. 5 -GAGACAGCCGCATCTTCTTG-3,
2. reverse: 5 -TGACTGTGCCGTTGAACTTG-3.
Each sample was tested 3 times.
Western blotting analysis
-------------------------
Protein was extracted from lung tissues with RIPA buffer. We added 50 μg of protein into SDS-PAGE. Protein was transferred to the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane and then blocked with 5% pure albumin. The membrane was incubated with TLR4 and NF-κB p65 primary antibody (Abcam, USA) overnight at 4°C. Anti-GAPDH antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, USA) was used as the loading control.
Statistical analysis
--------------------
All descriptive data are expressed as mean ±SD. Statistical data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction for multiplicity. All analyses were conducted using SPSS 20.0 (Chicago, USA). *P*\<0.05 was regarded as a significant difference.
Results
=======
Effects of EPO on pulmonary damage
----------------------------------
As shown in [Figure 1](#f1-medscimonit-24-1251){ref-type="fig"}, the W/D ratio was significantly higher in the vehicle group than in the control group (P\<0.05). BALF leukocyte count and neutrophil ratio were also increased in the vehicle group, and PPI in the vehicle group was remarkably elevated compared with the control group. Compared to the vehicle group, those changes in the EPO group were remarkably decreased (P\<0.05, respectively). The oxygenation index was much higher in the control group than in the vehicle group (P\<0.05). Interestingly, the oxygenation index in the EPO group was better than in the vehicle group (P\<0.05).
Effects of EPO on lung pathology
--------------------------------
To study the effects of EPO on LIRI, we analyzed pathological changes ([Figure 2](#f2-medscimonit-24-1251){ref-type="fig"}). In the control group ([Figure 2A](#f2-medscimonit-24-1251){ref-type="fig"}), the pulmonary alveoli and interstitium was intact and no signs of pulmonary edema and structural damages were observed. In the vehicle group ([Figure 2B](#f2-medscimonit-24-1251){ref-type="fig"}), significant pulmonary edema and structural damages were identified. Excessive inflammatory cells were infiltrated into the lung tissue and increased the thickness of the interstitium. These pathological changes in the EPO group ([Figure 2C](#f2-medscimonit-24-1251){ref-type="fig"}) were improved. Pathological scores in the vehicle group were remarkably higher than in the control group (P\<0.05), but were significantly (P\<0.05) reduced in the EPO group ([Figure 2D](#f2-medscimonit-24-1251){ref-type="fig"}).
The Effects of EPO on Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β
------------------------------------------------------
As shown in [Figure 3](#f3-medscimonit-24-1251){ref-type="fig"}, serum TNF-α, t IL-6, and IL-1β levels in the vehicle group were remarkably elevated compared with those in the control group (P\<0.05), while a remarkable decrease was found with EPO treatment (P\<0.05).
The Effects of EPO on Expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB
---------------------------------------------------
[Figures 4](#f4-medscimonit-24-1251){ref-type="fig"} and [5](#f5-medscimonit-24-1251){ref-type="fig"} show mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB. Compared to the control group, mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in the vehicle group were significantly increased (P\<0.05), and those in the EPO group were significantly decreased compared with the vehicle-treated LIRI group (P\<0.05).
Discussion
==========
The present study is the first to demonstrate that EPO can attenuate the expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in lung tissues in an LIRI rat model. Additionally, we found that EPO inhibited the releasing of serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the LIRI rat model. These results show that EPO exerts its protective effects on LIRI through inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
The TLRs family is essential in innate immunity and many inflammatory responses \[[@b22-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. In all TLRs, TLR4 has been extensively studied and is considered to play important roles in mediating inflammatory responses. Activation of TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways resulted in the translocation of NF-κB, subsequently leading to production of many pro-inflammatory mediators and induction of inflammatory reactions \[[@b23-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. It is reported that immune and inflammatory responses play essential roles in LIRI \[[@b24-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. Accumulating evidence also shows that the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway induces inflammatory reactions and consequently intensifies LIRI \[[@b25-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. Moreover, recent reports show that TLR-4 is critical in the development of LIRI, and its activation in the alveolar macrophage may be the first step \[[@b13-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. In the present study, we found that the expressions of TLR4, NF-κB, and inflammatory mediators were elevated at the end of the experiment, demonstrating that TLR4 initiated the releasing of pro-inflammatory cytokines by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway in LIRI. Thus, targeting the modulation of TLR4 and NF-κB expression might be a promising therapeutic strategy for inhibiting inflammatory cascades in LIRI.
The pharmacological roles of EPO have been largely extended from a traditionally hematopoietic hormone to a multi-function cytokine. The beneficial effects of EPO on IR-caused injuries in the heart \[[@b26-medscimonit-24-1251]\], kidney \[[@b27-medscimonit-24-1251]\], and brain \[[@b27-medscimonit-24-1251],[@b28-medscimonit-24-1251]\] have been revealed. However, only a few of reports showed that pretreatment with EPO attenuates LIRI \[[@b19-medscimonit-24-1251],[@b29-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. In this study, we investigated the damaged lung structure in a rat IRI model, showing the damaged alveoli wall, dilated capillaries, and infiltrated inflammatory cells in the interstitium by HE staining. Treatment with EPO resulted in less structural damage and infiltration of neutrophils, lower PPI, and increased oxygenation index, indicating the protective effect of EPO in LIRI.
It was reported that EPO regulates TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses and NF-κB and PI3K signaling pathways to protect against hypoxic injury \[[@b30-medscimonit-24-1251],[@b31-medscimonit-24-1251]\]. Through activating these critical signaling components, EPO can modulate many downstream inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 \[[@b31-medscimonit-24-1251]\], regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory damage, and regeneration. Our results demonstrate that the structural and functional presentations of lung injury were relieved and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and NF-κB were significantly decreased by treatment with EPO. In addition, after the administration of EPO, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum were significantly reduced, revealing that EPO inhibited inflammatory damage through down-regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby protecting against the effects of LIRI.
Conclusions
===========
In summary, our results indicate that EPO exerts protective effects on lung injuries after LIRI through inhibiting the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway and decreasing production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). The present study provides solid support for the use of EPO as a therapeutic agent in treating LIRI.
**Source of support:** Departmental sources
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[^1]: Study Design
[^2]: Data Collection
[^3]: Statistical Analysis
[^4]: Data Interpretation
[^5]: Manuscript Preparation
[^6]: Literature Search
[^7]: Funds Collection
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electrostatic chuck and a manufacturing method therefor. In particular, the invention relates to an electrostatic chuck suited to holding a plate specimen, such as a semiconductor wafer, a metallic wafer, a glass substrate or the like, using an electrostatic force, which is used in production lines for semiconductor devices, liquid crystal devices, hybrid ICs and the like, and a manufacturing method therefor.
2. Description of the Related Art
Heretofore, in production lines for semiconductor devices, liquid crystal devices, hybrid ICs and the like, in order to hold a plate specimen, for instance a semiconductor wafer such as a silicon wafer, a metallic wafer such as a thin copper plate, a glass plate or the like, for example a vacuum chuck that can suck and hold such plate specimens physically using vacuum force, or a clamp that can hold these plate specimens mechanically has been used.
However, in a conventional vacuum chuck, since under vacuum conditions there is no pressure difference between the external atmosphere and the vacuum chuck, there is a problem in that a plate specimen cannot be held. Furthermore, in a conventional clamp there are problems such as; the location where the clamp makes contact with a plate specimen cannot be used for a device, partial distortion occurs in the plate specimen, and stray particles are produced by raising and lowering of the clamp.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, an electrostatic chuck is proposed that enables a plate specimen to be held by using electrostatic force.
This electrostatic chuck is constructed with a circular thin internal electrode and a pair of insulating members positioned on opposite sides of this internal electrode as its main components. A plate specimen is mounted onto the mounting surface of one of the pair of insulating members, and a prescribed DC voltage is applied to the internal electrode, thereby enabling the plate specimen to be held on the mounting surface using electrostatic force.
There are two types of this electrostatic chuck, depending on the difference of electrostatic force.
One type is an electrostatic chuck using the Johnson-Rahbek effect (referred to hereunder as a Johnson-Rahbek type electrostatic chuck) as an electrostatic force, and the other type is an electrostatic chuck using the Coulomb force (referred to hereunder as a Coulomb type electrostatic chuck) as an electrostatic force.
In the abovementioned Johnson-Rahbek type electrostatic chuck, there are problems in that leakage current is great, the electrostatic attraction force varies depending on the type of plate specimen, and detachment of plate specimens is not good after removing the DC voltage.
On the other hand, the Coulomb type electrostatic chuck has characteristics in that the electrostatic attraction force hardly varies regardless of the type of plate specimen, and disattachment of plate specimens is good after the DC voltage is removed. However, in the case of executing plasma cleaning and the like, since charging up of the attachment surface occurs easily, large plasma marks accompanying this charging up are likely to occur. Therefore, there is a problem in that resistance to corrosive gases is not sufficient.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Catherine Perry teaches writing for the City University of New York and is a published author. She has had a long-standing involvement with the arts and is currently studying Visual Culture Theory, concentrating on the intersection of text and image.
Recollections of mass and Sunday brunch with the professional wrestling legend
“Captain” Lou Albano (1933-2009) — professional wrestling legend and star of Cyndi Lauper videos — was what my grandmother called “a nice Italian boy.” Never mind that by the time she met him, he was in his 50s; and, that to an entire industry of professional wrestlers, being called “nice” would have been the kiss of death. None of that concerned my grandmother, who never saw Captain Lou at work. She just liked him because he praised her tortellini en brodo….
According to family lore, Captain Lou was introduced to us thanks to an encounter after hours at a local bar in our hometown of Carmel, NY, a bedroom community an hour north of New York City. He took one look at
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Goldman Sachs considering online bank: Report
New York, Dec 3 (DPA) New York-based bank Goldman Sachs is considering launching an online bank, The Wall Street Journal reported Wednesday.The name of the bank and the details of the plans are still unknown, sources told the daily.
Goldman Sachs already has about $20 billion in deposits, and attracting even more deposits would make it more stable, a valuable asset during the world financial crisis.
Even though it is doing better than most of its rivals, Goldman Sachs is expected to report a net loss of about $2 billion later this month.
That would be the firm’s first quarterly loss since going public in 1999, the daily reported.
The possibility of opening an online bank surprised some analysts.
“This move is pretty much the polar opposite of what you think about when you think about Goldman Sachs,” the report quoted Glenn Schorr, an analyst at UBS AG, as saying.
“But one of the keys to their future is being able to fund their balance sheet, and if they and others can’t do it in traditional ways, it makes complete sense to explore other avenues.”
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"Elf" ""XUXA AND THE ELVES"" "Elf" "He comes from the forest From the inner woods" "From winds and roses From sung poetry" "From the breeze in the leaves From the world of flowers from a baby's lap From a beloved planet" "Elf" "Elf" "From the jungle The color of the sea" "Elf" "Elf" "Elf" "There was a time, not too long ago..." "when the elemental beings lived an exciting story." "Elemental beings, granny?" "What's that?" "Elemental beings are sprites..." "who protect nature's elements." "I didn't get it, granny." "Fairies are guardians of the air." "Nymphs, of the water..." "salamanders, of the fire..." "and elves and gnomes are the earth's guardians." "Gnomes take care of minerals..." "and elves protect the plants." "Now I've got it, granny." "Zaki, my grandchild..." "do you believe in elves?" "The kingdom was celebrating!" "Prince Damiz... was celebrating 13 oak knots... the kind of tree that measures an elf's age." "And he was getting prepared to be the future king." "All right, all right, all right." "Damiz, Damiz..." "What about your nose, my son, how is it going?" "It's going to be sunny!" "Right." "You mean I know what's the weather going to be?" "So it seems." "What about whistling?" "Gentlemen... thegame." "Do you think I can do it, dad?" "To run away from the troll I need all smooth pieces." "And then I pick the escape route." "Think, my son, that you're in the forest..." "and you must run away from the troll." "If you know this game well you'll learn..." "all the ways leading to our village in the forest." "Play, my son." "But willing to win." "I won, dad!" "I beat the troll!" "Granny, what's a troll?" "It's the worst enemy of the elves." "My son, I'm sure you'll be a good and fair king." "As a genuine friendship elf..." "you should make friends..." "and protect our world's laws." "That's your destiny." "The holy talisman!" "Whenever you're in danger..." "look for a similar one." "Evil can only be defeated when all powers of good get together." "May the elf of light protect you, Damiz" "May he protect you!" "Mika." "A flower for your thoughts." "We are lucky, Zinga." "Our kids are good, brave..." "and they shall accomplish their destiny." "I know it's got to be like this, but I fear so much for them." "Every one has a task in nature." "The elf of light must protect us from over there..." "from the other world." "The friendship elf must stay here..." "protecting its people, so that they can live on." "We'll accomplish our task, Mika." "No doubt about it." "Zinga..." "what's this smell?" "It smells like..." "Troll!" "Run away, Damiz." "Run away!" "Help!" "Mika, Mika!" "Our son was taken away, Mika." "Zinga..." "Did he eat Damiz?" "No, no, no, Zaki." "But he took little Damiz away..." "far away from his village." "Have you found anything yet?" "Nothing, Jessica." "It's all computers, Internet." "Whenever there's something..." "one shouldn't be older than 35." "Don't give up. I'm sure something is going to come up." "Nanda, come, breakfast is served." "I'm going to accept more orders for candies." "No!" "You're working so hard, looking after home and Nanda." "Besides, your candies and cakes are helping a lot." "Nanda!" "Daddy, don't be sad." "We'll help you." "She's right, sweet pie." "We're all going to help you." "And it's going to get better." "If we sold the house..." "No, daddy!" "I don't want to live elsewhere!" "And, daddy, there's Kira." "She's my best friend." "I know, honey." "But that would solve a lot of problems." "Some people are interested..." "No!" "It's going to be difficult for us all if we have to sell it." "It there's no other way..." "I'm sure we'll be happy anywhere." "Please, daddy!" "Do you swear not to sell the house?" "Do you?" "I swear to do everything I can not to sell it!" "Let's have breakfast now." "We'll think about it later." "In the wonderful world Of the elves" "Their village has the colors Of happiness" "And at night" "They dream" "With the sweet charm Of a beautiful song ln the wonderful world Of the elves" "One always breathes the scent of freedom" "Nature 's love is a feeling that distracts us" "Spreading happiness ln the world" "Look at this, little plant, this is your new home." "See how many friends you've got." "Cool, isn't it?" "Very nice!" "You're both asleep!" "To make us sneeze was low." "Tomato was the one sleeping." "I was just supporting him." "Stop it!" "Come on, stop it!" "is it over now?" "Let's work." "I've bought new seeds." "Come on, let's work." "Quick, quick, quick!" "You're so cute watering the plants!" "What are you talking about?" "You look like an old Santa with that bag of old branches." "Come on, guys." "Give me a hand here, look." "I want to take this tree of happiness outside." "It needs a lot of sunshine." "Look." "Easy, little one." "I'll put you in a nice spot, you'll be happy." "Excuse me, Kira." "Pardon my asking..." "but can a plant really hear you?" "Come on, Lettuce. lt can hear..." "feel and answer." "All it takes is for you to pay attention." "Let's go?" "Excuse me, madam..." "I mean, Little Plant." "Do I hold it down here?" "Hold it tight." "Caution!" "Lettuce is so red that he looks like a tomato!" "I can't hold it any longer, Kira, I'm going..." "Lettuce, not here!" "l'm going..." "Goooosh!" "Poor one!" "l'm sorry, Kira." "I'm sorry, but Lettuce is to be blamed." "No, you are!" "You are!" "You are!" "You are!" "You are!" "What was I thinking when I hired a lettuce and a tomato..." "to work here in the greenhouse?" "I'm sorry, Kira, I'm sorry, Kira, but..." "lt had to end like this!" "l'm sorry, Little Plant." "Look, I'm going to find you a nice spot..." "far away from these gardeners, all right?" "They've got a lot to learn." "You'll be very happy." "is Kira talking to plants?" "She did talk to a plant!" "She always does!" "She talks to people, to animals, to plants." "I don't believe that plants can hear." "I only believe what my ears can hear..." "what my eyes can see." "Help!" "Are we having some kind of "lucination"?" "I don't know if it's "lucination", or "mirrage"..." "or if we're nuts." ""Hallucination" and "mirage"." "Who had it?" "Kira..." "Shut up, Lettuce. I explain." "Kira, it went by over there." "Very big, Kira." "Huge!" "This tall." "Gigantic, hairy, very big, very tall!" "Like a monkey, but no monkey!" "What are you talking about?" "Kira, it was an animal I have never seen in my life." "Kira, it's like this." "Besides, there was a mouse." "A mouse wearing a cap..." "with tail, with the big one." "A mouse, a mouse with it." "Yeah... andscreaming:"Help!"" "Who was screaming, guys?" "A mouse can't talk." "A parrot can talk." "But it was a mouse." "Pay attention." "Look at me, Kira." "Pay attention." "It was big, it went by over there." "Very big." "Like this..." "No, it wasn't like this." "It was dragging its leg behind..." "And it had a color..." "like earth." "It was like that." "And it wasn't too fond of bath." "No way." "Come on, Lettuce." "It was cleaner..." "Let's stop this!" "Come on, guys..." "you talk about these things monsters..." "monkeys which aren't real monkeys, mice that can talk." "If you play with those things..." "you'll end up seeing them." "Come on, Kira." "I mean it, don't kid around with that. I mean it." "There it comes." "My Saint Adubolino, patron of green and oppressed ones..." "Help!" "Help, you stinky!" "Let me go!" "Damn you, let me go!" "You stinky, stop it!" "Let me go!" "Let me go!" "You stinky!" "Come on, stinky." "What was that?" "Strange..." "I didn'tseeathing." "Where's Nanda?" "Nanda went up to her room." "She's so sad..." "Look, Jessica." "Our situation is pretty bad." "I don't see another way out but selling the house." "Coi-coi..." "do you think we'll really have to move out from here?" "Help me!" "Let me out of here!" "Coi-coi, did you really talk to me?" "Do you want to leave?" "Not him, me!" "Me who?" "Here!" "It's me, Damiz!" "Who are you?" "Hi. I'm Damiz..." "the friendship elf." "Friendship elf?" "Exactly." "A real elf?" "Yeah, a real elf." "And who are you?" "I'm Fernanda." "But you can call me Nanda." "A real girl?" "Then, I'm in the human world!" "Look, Nanda..." "I have to go back home and it's urgent!" "Can you get me out of here?" "Who put you into my wall?" "It was..." "a troll!" "Who's a troll?" "A troll is our enemy." "He's evil." "My parents must be worried." "I've got to go back to my kingdom." "Can you help me?" "." "l'll try, Elf Damiz" "Strange, I can't take you out of there." "I'm held back due to the magic of that stinky troll." "What can I do?" "Someone's got to save you." "The only one would be the elf of light." "Do you think the elf of light will hear?" "Fairy Morgana has given us license to use..." "all of the magic world's resources..." "to rescue Damiz." "But we've got to find out where to look for him." "It's Damiz's whistle." "He's alive!" "I know he's alive!" "Damiz is calling us." "His whistle is coming from the world of humans." "We've got to find him." "Call the fastest elf there is in the village!" "May he present himself." "Rodin, the world's fastest elf." "Right, sir." "Rodin, at your service." "is he the fastest elf?" "Rodin, you'll go as a human being..." "to look for Damiz." "Follow his whistle." "But remember: you've got a limited period of time." "Quick!" "Run!" "The weather is changing." "It's going to rain, chinchilla." "Let's go home." "I'll take you to your home." "Come on." "I don't remember." "Tomato." "Lettuce!" "Here I am, Kira." "l got here first." "I'm impressed with your efficiency." "Thank you very much." "Who touched this plant?" "I'd have my neck cut but I'd never tell..." "Neither would I." "I haven't even spoken to it!" "How weird thing." "Please, you two, go outside..." "and plant all roses, because the weather is changing." "Quick!" "Tomato, the sun was shining!" "It's not going to rain." "Lettuce, come here." "Kira is like a clock." "She makes no mistakes with the weather." "Dear God, man." "What's that?" "She never makes mistakes, right?" "Get out!" "My good Saint Adubolino..." "patron of green and oppressed ones." "That's it." "You may transfer the purchase money." "When can we start construction?" "Perfect..." "Gentlemen, we have a deal." "We'll build Rico e Gorgon Associados' complex..." "the world's most modern and computer-controlled one!" "Meeting is over." "Thank you, thank you." "Just one more thing..." "where do I put this?" "Rico, to preserve nature is stupid, it's useless." "Forests are burnt every day, whales are killed every day..." "the ozone layer is destroyed..." "and are we to be blamed because the planet is this way?" "Forget the trees." "It's money that matters." "Money is power!" "Money!" "I'm being a fool." "We can plant some thing on the way in..." "and it'll be all right." "We're not saving the world because of a few trees." "We'll make money, yes!" "Now we've just got to buy that house." "Let's not waste time!" "Let's go!" "Don't stop whistling." "Don't stop!" "I'm tired." "I'm starting to feel breathless." "Will I be locked in here for ever?" "Of course you won't." "I've got to take you out somehow." "Keep on whistling, I'll be right back!" "Look..." "She looks like an artist." "Whatever she does is beautiful, right, Lettuce?" "There's just one thing I don't appreciate much." "Come on, man!" "What's this terrible thing?" "Kira is a nice person, a good boss, she's good." "I know all that, but think again." "We're here all day long, with plants that talk and listen." "But for her to build up intimacy, to say my name..." "my real name, my Christian name, never!" "It's always "Tomato this"." ""Tomato that", "Tomato this"." "Of course, Tomato!" "How could someone be named Waldisney?" "Have mercy!" "Waldisney..." "Wanderson." "What are you both whispering so much about?" "Nothing, boss." "We're talking of the plants, so cute, so smelly..." "I told you" "She's full of mystery." "She can hear everything, she talks to plants..." "she smells the air and seems to guess things." "Guys, you stay here..." "and take care of things." "I'll be right back." "Nanda needs me." "I'll be right back." "Work!" "Don't do that, you drown me." "Gosh!" "Don't do that." "These footprints are weird..." "It's going to rain." "Kira, Kira, you've got to help me!" "All right." "Come on in now." "Quick, it's raining." "Rodin's time in the human world is coming to end." "Rodin." "Where's my son?" "Damiz's whistle..." "came from this area." "It's near the magic gateway at the fairies' fountain." "But that's a sacred area!" "Why haven't you brought Damiz?" "I couldn't hear his whistle..." "any longer." "It stopped suddenly." "He must be very weak." "We've got to do something and do it fast, Mika!" "Let's call a council meeting!" "Yummy." "What's that?" "Elder with honey." "It's good against colds." "Tell me." "What happened?" "Kira..." "you won't believe." "There's an elf in my bedroom." "I know." "There are many." "I gave you one, remember?" "No, Kira, it's not a plaything." "It's real." "Are you serious?" "His name is Damiz." "Damiz?" "He's stuck inside the wall." "And he's suffering." "Promise?" "He said he's got to go back home urgently." "And only the elf of light can free him from there." "The elf of light!" "Gentlemen, Prince Damiz is being held in the human world." "As you all know to preserve nature..." "depends on the continuity of our traditions." "Should he not come back our kingdom will become weaker." "We run the risk of disappearing..." "and with us all elemental beings." "Time has come..." "for us to join other nature's protectors." "Fairy Morgana, queen of all fairies, has determined..." "that we can count on all her kingdom's help." "I can cross the sky" "On a silver cloud I'm a girl, my name is Mel" "Sweet as candy I can make rain" "Raindrops and thunder" "Fairy Mel!" "Fairy Mel!" "I'm the messenger elf..." "and I come on behalf of the king to call you..." "so that, all together, we can face danger." "You won't believe it." "If you tell me, I will, right?" "Then you've got to see it." "Who are you?" "Are you my father's friends?" "I'm Rico." "And you?" "Who are you?" "I'm Nanda. I live here." "And I'm Kira, Nanda's neighbor." "If I knew I'd have a neighbor..." "I mean, neighbors so beautiful..." "I'd have bought the house earlier." "What did you say?" "Yeah!" "I'm Rico, from Rico GorgonAssociados." "We've bought this house..." "and soon there'll be a huge industrial complex here." "Look, your land will have its value increased!" "My father has sold you the house?" "My father has sold the house!" "I don't want to leave this place..." "nor this house, Kira." "Relax, relax, Nanda." "Easy." "Don't cry, little girl." "I didn't know the house was that important to you." "Rico, let's go, we can't waste time here." "Let's deal with serious things." "What are you going to do with this house?" "We're demolishing everything!" "Yeah." "Eventually, there'll be many factories, chimneys, gray." "Everything absolutely gray!" "That's progress!" "That's progress." "I don't want to leave this house!" "Nice girl, stop crying." "I can't stand a child crying." "And I can't stand people talking like that to my friend!" "Really, I waste my time with such..." "people!" "You said you'd do everything you could..." "I did, Nanda." "There was no other way." "Who knows?" "Maybe someday we can buy the house back." "They're demolishing it." "They're going to destroy it" "They're destroying everything." "This is going to be just smoke, everything gray." "No, sweetheart." "You know this is hard for us, Kira, don't you?" "I postponed the decision as much as I could." "They made me a very good offer." "There was no other way." "Please, Kira, talk to her." "You're the only one she listens to." "Should Damiz not come back..." "the link between past and future will be broken." "You mean the elemental beings are in danger?" "He was taken into the human world..." "without previous authorization." "You know, very soon he'll start losing strength..." "and he may eventually die." "No, Zinga, we can't let that happen." "The balance of nature's powers can't be over." "There won't be any life without rivers, or forests..." "there won't be salamanders, nymphs, gnomes..." "nor fairies." "Damiz's whistle was last heard..." "near the fairies' fountain." "You know that is a sacred area." "Whoever took him there must know a lot about us." "We need you to use your powers to inquire..." "and find out who's behind all that." "Only then we'll be able to bring our Damiz back." "It's a tough task!" "We've taken necessary steps." "Our messenger has found a fairy..." "near the mountains." "She's on her way." "I saw millions of stars ln the sky I rode with angels ln a merry-go-round I stumbled a little bit But I'm here I'm ready to help Go on, just ask" "Some plim, plim, plim here" "Some tricks over there" "And then ljust have To sing this song" "I can't believe it." "The clumsiest of all fairies!" "Do you know each other?" "That's Melissa, my sister." "What an arrival!" "Mel, my dear sister, it's been so long!" "That's the only way we could meet, right?" "Yeah..." "I've never been to an elves council meeting." "The little mushroom!" "Cute..." "Why have you called me?" "Nanda?" "Take a look, Kira." "Come." "Mom..." "Mom!" "An elf!" "Some people don't believe!" "Mom?" "Mom!" "She's not your mom, Damiz..." "She's Kira, my best friend..." "and she'll help us." "You're beautiful..." "just like my mom." "He looks so weak!" "I'm not feeling well." "I'm hungry, I'm thirsty." "I'm scared." "We're going to take you out of there." "Nanda has told me about an elf that could help you." "Tell me a little more about it." "The only one to take me out of here would be the elf of light." "What does he look like?" "Where is he?" "I don't know." "But every night I waited in my bed..." "for mom to come and say "slitzweitz" to me." "That's "good night" in our language." "Slitzweitz, love." "Mom, tell me the story of the elf of light?" "Once upon a time, a special creature was born among us." "And this was chosen to be the elf of light, right?" "Right." "But Gorgon was really mad..." "because he wanted to be chosen." "He stole the holy book..." "and the secret of how to become human." "Ever since then he's lived in the world of men..." "trying to destroy nature..." "trying to take revenge against his own people." "And so it'll remain..." "up to the moment of the last confrontation..." "between both elves." "Slitzweitz, dad." "Slitzweitz, mom" "Slitzweitz." "Slitzweitz, son." "Kira, do you think the elf of light will really help me?" "Of course he will." "What are we going to do, Kira?" "I'm going to find help." "Where?" "I know someone who knows it all about elves..." "crystals, nature's powers I'm sure she'll help us." "Cleo..." "I needed to see you, Cleo." "What a joy!" "What's the matter?" "You always know when I need you, don't you?" "Sometimes I feel you know more about me..." "than I do." "Have you remembered anything?" "No." "There have been some weird things." "Yeah..." "I think I'm getting closer to my past." "There's a time for every thing." "The only thing I remember..." "is of being alone with the little shoe in my hand..." "on the day I met you." "Every one has his own story." "Let me look at your eyes." "You're worried." "What is it?" "Cleo, would you believe if I told you..." "that I have to save an elf?" "Me?" "If I would believe?" "Of course I would!" "What about you?" "You, Kira." "Would you believe?" "If we have a task..." "although it may seem difficult or weird..." "the first step is to believe we have to accomplish it." "And the second step is to believe..." "we can accomplish it." "is the businessman thinking..." "About how to make more money?" "Isn't it enough what you're doing buying that house?" "The little girl was sad, I noticed that." "But progress comes to all places." "I have nothing against progress." "But I would like to see more respect towards people..." "towards animals and plants." "Think of what you're doing." "It doesn't depend only on me." "Gorgon would never give up." "Break up partnership with him." "I can't." "But maybe you're right." "l'll try and help you." "Do you really want to help?" "Don't let that house be demolished." "The first thing you've got to do..." "is to find out who's kidnapped Damiz, and why." "Then you come back here." "It's all understood and clear." "It's all decided here." "Now you'd better go, or it will be too late." "We're leaving." "According to the map, we're very close to the magical gate." "Let's look for it." "Let's go!" "This way!" "No, this way." "Pears, grapes, apples, mixed salad." "Tell me what it is but I'll give you no clue." "Man!" "Got it, girls?" "That's the way to play." "Pears, grapes, apples, mixed salad." "How is it?" "It's very simple." "Like this." "Pears, even Lettuce knows." "Did you understand?" "Very good." "Now, grapes." "Grapes is my part." "Give me a hug." "You stay here now." "I explain what we do for apples." "It's like this, look." ""Yummy, yummy", look." "And now it's mixed salad!" "is it all that together?" "When we talk about mixed salad, I can explain it well." "How come you can?" "You can't!" "Mixed salad is up to me." "Water me, I'm your Tomato." "Kira, you've got here right on time." "Yeah, Tomato, show them mixed salad, I don't know!" "Look, Kira, I was here just blowing..." "these wonderful eyes because there was dust..." "in this fairy's eye." "And I was blowing it away." "They're fairies, Kira." "Look at their little ears!" "What about your work, guys?" "What do you say to that?" "I'm going to talk with the fairies." "Lettuce, go home, now." "You're not hitting me, are you?" "No, no." "Excuse me, Kira." "Mixed salad?" "Little ears?" "Fairies?" "We're Fairies Mel and Melissa." "And I'm Kira." "We know." "You know..." "Our apples." "Do they belong to you?" "They signal our way." "Our way?" "How can I help you, fairies?" "We're here because we're trying to find out..." "where's Mika's son, Prince Damiz." "Damiz!" "Do you know Damiz?" "l know where he is!" "Where?" "He's stuck in the wall, in Nanda's house, my neighbor." "Stuck in the wall?" "Who'd do such an evil thing?" "I don't know, but we've tried to take him out and nothing." "There seems to be a magical power holding him." "Magical power?" "First of all, we've got to know who's imprisoned Damiz." "And why he did it." "The only one strong enough to face such a magical power..." "is the elf of light." "He's the only one as powerful as "him"." "But who's "him"?" "That could only be Gorgon." "Gorgon?" "The elf of envy and vengeance." "He came to the human world without authorization." "He's violated the holy book..." "and was expelled from the elf world as a traitor." "I think I know where you can find this traitor, Gorgon." "Would it be the same Gorgon?" "We'll find out right away." "May I help you?" "What would you like?" "It's..." "We are Mel and Melissa." "Yeah." "We belong to an interplanetary organization..." "I mean, international organization..." "in charge of protecting holy areas and regions..." "I mean, registered lands." "I mean, areas where trees can't be cut..." "should be preserved..." "and we know about your new project..." "Gorgon Rico Associados lndustries." "We came to say we are against it!" "What?" "Exactly." "We're against it!" "Damiz, it could be Gorgon the one who did that, you know?" "Traitor." "But why here?" "Weird, isn't it?" "Fairies Mel and Melissa are investigating." "All by myself, I can't do anything." "You've got to talk to my partner." "Gorgon?" "Yeah, Gorgon." "We'd love to. ls he in?" "I'm closer than you can imagine!" "Gorgon, nice!" "Look, these ladies here..." "Leave it to me." "Get out!" "Excuse me." "Gorgon?" "You look terrible as a human being." "I'd never have recognized you." "Although you're never too good as an elf either, right?" "But you're weird." "What's with your eye?" "Shut up, Melissa." "You know how terrible you will look..." "when my plan is concluded." "What plan, Gorgon?" "My plan is so ingenious..." "so creative, so evil that I can't stand it myself." "And soon I'll destroy all elemental beings!" "So, it was you who imprisoned Damiz in the wall, wasn't it?" "What you don't know, my dear, is that under that house..." "is the gateway to the fairies' fountain." "And I'm going to destroy it!" "You're going to destroy the elemental beings' world?" "Exactly!" "When that house is destroyed..." "Damiz will be destroyed too." "What I'm doing, as a matter of fact..." "I'm destroying the future elf king." "And the fairies' fountain, simultaneously." "But that would be the end of all elemental beings!" "And who would miss you?" "Nobody believes in fairies anymore!" "The elf of light won't allow it!" "Elf of light?" "Elf of light!" "Elf of light!" "Where is the elf of light?" "I can answer that!" "The elf of light is gone." "It's vanished." "When are you going to understand, once and for all..." "that men don't believe in magic any more?" "The only thing that matters is money, do you get it?" "Money." "And that makes me more and more powerful!" "That won't be the last word!" "No, no." "You're absolutely right, my dear fairy..." "it's getting even worse." "Much worse!" "We've got to get out of here, Mel!" "Mel, Melissa." "What happened?" "It's him all right, Gorgon." "He's more powerful than ever!" "He's sucked out all our energy." "We've got to go back to our world right away..." "or we'll die." "Rico, I've told you!" "I want that house demolished tomorrow." "But, Gorgon..." "Tomorrow!" "But the deadline you told us..." "Deadlines change, my friend!" "Yeah, but..." "Otavio, you're wasting time." "You should prepare to move out." "I'm going to tell my family." "I've nowhere to go." "You've got the money." "You'll know what to do." "Money solves every problem." "No, you can't leave now." "Who's going to save Damiz?" "We've got to go back to our world." "We count on you to save Damiz." "But if you, as fairies, couldn't do it, who am I to face Gorgon?" "Who are you, Kira?" "Now, you're the only one!" "Kira, I'm leaving tomorrow..." "and tomorrow the house will be demolished." "And now?" "What about Damiz?" "Relax, relax, easy, Nanda." "Mom, dad, we can't leave now." "Child, there are things you'll understand when you grow up." "l've got a secret to tell you." "What secret, Nanda?" "There's an elf in my bedroom." "What did you say?" "Nanda, don't make up stories." "You don't believe me, right?" "Come and see for yourselves." "Child, child." "I can't play now." "Mom goes with you." "Come on." "Here, mom, that's Damiz." "I don't see anything, Nanda." "You know, I think Damiz went out for a walk." "He's not there." "Why don't you ask Kira to help you with your things?" "Kira, she couldn't see Damiz!" "Grown-ups learn the art of disbelief." "Yeah, Nanda." "When we don't believe..." "we can't see anything." "And now, Kira?" "What are we going to do?" "I don't know, Nanda." "We'll find a way out." "We will!" "Little Plant, our friend is leaving." "Things are going to be very sad around here." "Nanda..." "Kira, the truck and workmen are coming..." "to demolish the house." "They're arriving." "Easy, Nanda." "Easy." "Will you promise you won't let Damiz alone?" "Promise?" "I promise I'll do something, all right?" "And promise me you'll take good care of yourself." "I do." "We'll see each other soon, all right?" "I love you." "Kira, I love you very much." "I love you for ever." "Why has the elf of light abandoned me?" "I don't know, Damiz." "But I haven't abandoned you." "Soon this house will be demolished." "Goodbye, elves, goodbye, fairies!" "What's that?" "Gorgon?" "Now, now, look who's here." "The impertinent Kira." "A friend of Cleo's, a friend of fairies'." "A protector of Nanda's and of Damiz's." "I didn't know you knew me that well, Gorgon." "I know you better than you know yourself, dear Kira." "Why do you say that?" "I never thought my vengeance..." "would be so easy." "To think I envied you." "I hate you!" "Because you came here in my place!" "Wow!" "But now it's over, Kira." "It's over!" "How cute." "Both imprisioned together in the wall." "Kira..." "you were chosen by your people..." "and authorized by me, Fairy Morgana..." "to leave and go to the world of men." "Your task is to make men..." "believe for ever in the power of nature..." "in the power of magic." "Damn you!" "All you'll take with you is this runaway shoe." "When your mission is complete, you'll receive the other..." "then you can come back to your kingdom." "Take this holy talisman, Kira!" "And never forget..." "whenever you're in danger, look for a similar one." "It can only be opened together a similar one." "Remember: together, the powers of good..." "are invincible." "Dad, I'm ready." "I came to kiss my brother goodbye." "Goodbye, little Damiz." "I'm an elf!" "I'm an elf!" "Damiz..." "Damiz!" "My brother!" "I'm going to take you out of here." "Damiz..." "together, good will win." "Damiz, my brother, hold on a little longer." "Stay with me." "Mel and Melissa told me that the fairies' gateway..." "is close by." "I'm going to find it." "Don't be afraid." "We're together now." "Come on, Damiz, come." "Come, you can make it." "That's it!" "Damn!" "I wonder where are those incompetent Rico..." "and workmen." "Human beings!" "You can't trust anyone!" "What a race." "Not that bad." "I want to talk to you, Gorgon, right away!" "Finally!" "I thought you had quit..." "or maybe you couldn't control..." "your weakness for children." "That's exactly the subject I want to discuss with you." "You know..." "I 'vegivenup buying the house." "I don't want to demolish anything!" "You've given up?" "Who do you think you're talking to?" "I give the orders here!" "I don't know how I let you..." "take control of myself." "I really don't know..." "but I know that whatever you say or do..." "won't make me change my mind." "You think you can let me down?" "You'll want what I want." "The only thing I want is to quit being your partner!" "Too late, my friend, I don't need you anymore." "I don't believe!" "I don't believe!" "She's brought Damiz." "Damiz, the prince." "Damiz..." "the fairies' fountain, Damiz!" "I knew it would be like that." "Damiz!" "Damiz!" "Please, Damiz." "Damiz, please!" "Please, Damiz!" "Damn!" "They've reached the gateway!" "It's not possible!" "What's going on here?" "Am I an elf?" "Gorgon, you're in the fairies kingdom..." "where human beings are not allowed." "When you crossed the magic gateway..." "you became an elf again." "But my vengeance has started." "Damiz, the future king of elves has just died." "Why so much evil?" "Because the human world is like that." "Just evil." "No, there are many good people in the world." "Good people?" "Where are they?" "I can't see anyone!" "No one believes in fantasy." "It's not like that." "Every child believes!" "Child!" "Child!" "What's a child good for?" "When a child is born, hope is born with it." "Hope?" "What hope?" "Of life's magic!" "Can't you see?" "I'm no elf. I'm a human being." "No, Gorgon." "You're an elf." "Don't get too close." "I'm going to destroy you all." "No one will be left to tell this story." "Time has come. lt's the end!" "Damn!" "Fairies, I hate you all!" "I'm going to destroy this fountain!" "This hatred you carry in your heart..." "is against yourself, Gorgon." "I'm disappearing!" "No!" "You'll only come back..." "when you have love in your heart." "And when you understand and accept who you are." "Understand?" "That I'm an elf?" "I hate being an elf." "I hate nature." "I'm going to paint it all gray." "No, Gorgon." "That won't happen." "As long as there is someone believing in nature's power..." "hope can not die." "Do you want proof of it?" "All those who believe, clap your hands!" "Come on, clap your hands!" "No, don't clap your hands!" "No, don't clap your hands!" "Kira, you've destroyed me!" "No, Gorgon, you've destroyed yourself." "My little brother, I've lost you... ." "If only I could..." "Damiz!" "Damiz, you're alive." "Damiz, my brother!" "You've saved me..." "you're the elf of light!" "My sister..." "Mel, Melissa..." "help me take Damiz back to the kingdom." "Go back to the world of men." "And await the signal!" "Damiz!" "Damiz!" "Damiz?" "Damiz!" "Kira, you did it!" "I promised, my friend!" "Nanda will keep the house." "I've canceled the deal." "I..." "I wanted..." "May I invite you for a special moment, a magic moment?" "Sure you can." "Come on!" "Mom!" "Dad!" "Hi." "My daughter, I've missed you so!" "I was sure..." "you'd fulfill your destiny." "It's so nice to hold you again in my arms, my daughter." "We're so proud of you!" "I tried so hard to remember you..." "but I couldn't!" "My daughter..." "you were chosen to be the elf of light." "To accomplish a mission in the human world." "You were forced to forget your origin." "Daughter, Fairy Morgana has brought you a present!" "Kira." "My shoe!" "You've accomplished a mission." "You own your destiny now." "You can choose." "Either you go back to the kingdom..." "or you remain in the human world." "And what do you say, daughter?" "No, my mission isn't over yet." "All right, daughter, if that's your wish." "But remember:" "in your talisman..." "you may find Kuines..." "the game of the ways." "Whenever you wish or need..." "it'll show you how to get to our village." "I wanted you all to remember me..." "as someone who lives here." "And that's the way the future king of elves... came back home." "And they all lived happily... for many and many oak knots." "But what happened to the elf of light, granny?" "They say that she's still around... in her task to make people believe... in the power of nature... and in the power of magic." "Do you believe what you saw?" "How could someone not believe?" "It's so beautiful, so magic." "Yeah, but some people don't believe!" "Kira, I've always believed in you..." "having a chat with the plants, guessing the weather..." "Lettuce didn't believe." "No, no, I believed first!" "No, you didn't, man." "You didn't believe!" "I did!" "Stop hitting me, Tomato!" "I was the one who believed!" "I always knew it was true!" "But you never believed!" "You see?" "That's what comes from dealing with Lettuce!" "Wow, granny, that story is very nice." "Can you tell it again tomorrow?" "Sure, Zaki." "Sure, my grandson." "Whenever you wish." "Granny, I must tell you something." "It's a secret!" "Zaki, I love secrets!" "What is it, grandson?" "I saw some elves." "So did I, Zaki!" "So did I." "SCENES YOU didn'T SEE" "Fabinho, what are you going to apply to my hair?" "I'm going to use the colors of nature." ""Urucum" is fashionable." "It's Natucor, from Embelleze..." "a perfectly natural dye." "I forgot my lines." "Your people should, blablabla..." "I loved it!" "It's very natural!" "And it matches the colors in the picture!" "It's a good idea." "Even Lettuce knows..." "All you have to do is this, Palomita." "Have you forgotten?" "Well, there's something dirt here, Paulo." "Got it?" "You've got to go when it turns." "I envied you..." "because you came to a place..." "No, wrong. I'm sorry." "Cut, go over there. lt's only when there's rain." "Stop!" "Stop!" "I'm sorry. lt's in the end." "Cut, cut!" "Damiz, the future elf, the future king..." "Wrong!" "Gorrgon." "Gorrrgon..." "And you'll be..." "Not you'll be, now. I'm sorry." "It's a real elf." "l'm sorry." "Cut!" "It's good." "You can." "You know..." "It'swrongnow ." "Come on, guys!" "You keep on talking..." "It's not right." "What a pressure!" "Easy!" "In the wonderful world Of elves" "The village's got All colors ofjoy" "And at night" "They dream" "With the sweet charm Of a beautiful harmony ln the wonderful World of elves" "We always breathe Freedom's scent" "Nature 's love ls the feeling" "That spreads happiness Around the world" "Elves can help Forests, animals" "They do exist They're Earth's beings" "And shall be there eternally" "Elves like dancing" "Elves like caring" "Elf is a short name But its heart is too big" "In the wonderful world Of elves" "The village's got All colors ofjoy" "The forest ls bewitched" "And the sun's light Goes through cotton clouds ln the wonderful world Of elves" "We always breathe Freedom's scent" "Nature 's love ls the feeling" "That spreads happiness Around the world" "Elves can help Forests, animals" "And shall be there eternally" "Elves like dancing"
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenSubtitles"
}
|
(ANSA) - Venice, March 17 - There were moments of panic in Venice's St Mark's Square on Friday when a gang of robbers set off two big smoke bombs to provide cover as they attempted a hold-up on a jewelry.
One was set off near the bell tower and another in the centre of the square, creating huge amounts of smoke and causing people to run for cover, amid fear it was a terrorist attack, sources said.
Carabinieri and State police arrived quickly and the robbers fled before they could pull off the heist.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
package security
// Copyright (c) Microsoft and contributors. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
//
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
// Code generated by Microsoft (R) AutoRest Code Generator.
// Changes may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if the code is regenerated.
import (
"context"
"github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest"
"github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/azure"
"github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/validation"
"github.com/Azure/go-autorest/tracing"
"net/http"
)
// IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient is the API spec for Microsoft.Security (Azure Security Center)
// resource provider
type IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient struct {
BaseClient
}
// NewIoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient creates an instance of the
// IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient client.
func NewIoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient(subscriptionID string, ascLocation string) IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient {
return NewIoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClientWithBaseURI(DefaultBaseURI, subscriptionID, ascLocation)
}
// NewIoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClientWithBaseURI creates an instance of the
// IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient client using a custom endpoint. Use this when interacting with an
// Azure cloud that uses a non-standard base URI (sovereign clouds, Azure stack).
func NewIoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClientWithBaseURI(baseURI string, subscriptionID string, ascLocation string) IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient {
return IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient{NewWithBaseURI(baseURI, subscriptionID, ascLocation)}
}
// Get security Analytics of a security solution
// Parameters:
// resourceGroupName - the name of the resource group within the user's subscription. The name is case
// insensitive.
// solutionName - the solution manager name
// aggregatedRecommendationName - identifier of the aggregated recommendation
func (client IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient) Get(ctx context.Context, resourceGroupName string, solutionName string, aggregatedRecommendationName string) (result IoTSecurityAggregatedRecommendation, err error) {
if tracing.IsEnabled() {
ctx = tracing.StartSpan(ctx, fqdn+"/IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient.Get")
defer func() {
sc := -1
if result.Response.Response != nil {
sc = result.Response.Response.StatusCode
}
tracing.EndSpan(ctx, sc, err)
}()
}
if err := validation.Validate([]validation.Validation{
{TargetValue: client.SubscriptionID,
Constraints: []validation.Constraint{{Target: "client.SubscriptionID", Name: validation.Pattern, Rule: `^[0-9A-Fa-f]{8}-([0-9A-Fa-f]{4}-){3}[0-9A-Fa-f]{12}$`, Chain: nil}}},
{TargetValue: resourceGroupName,
Constraints: []validation.Constraint{{Target: "resourceGroupName", Name: validation.MaxLength, Rule: 90, Chain: nil},
{Target: "resourceGroupName", Name: validation.MinLength, Rule: 1, Chain: nil},
{Target: "resourceGroupName", Name: validation.Pattern, Rule: `^[-\w\._\(\)]+$`, Chain: nil}}}}); err != nil {
return result, validation.NewError("security.IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient", "Get", err.Error())
}
req, err := client.GetPreparer(ctx, resourceGroupName, solutionName, aggregatedRecommendationName)
if err != nil {
err = autorest.NewErrorWithError(err, "security.IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient", "Get", nil, "Failure preparing request")
return
}
resp, err := client.GetSender(req)
if err != nil {
result.Response = autorest.Response{Response: resp}
err = autorest.NewErrorWithError(err, "security.IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient", "Get", resp, "Failure sending request")
return
}
result, err = client.GetResponder(resp)
if err != nil {
err = autorest.NewErrorWithError(err, "security.IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient", "Get", resp, "Failure responding to request")
}
return
}
// GetPreparer prepares the Get request.
func (client IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient) GetPreparer(ctx context.Context, resourceGroupName string, solutionName string, aggregatedRecommendationName string) (*http.Request, error) {
pathParameters := map[string]interface{}{
"aggregatedRecommendationName": autorest.Encode("path", aggregatedRecommendationName),
"resourceGroupName": autorest.Encode("path", resourceGroupName),
"solutionName": autorest.Encode("path", solutionName),
"subscriptionId": autorest.Encode("path", client.SubscriptionID),
}
const APIVersion = "2017-08-01-preview"
queryParameters := map[string]interface{}{
"api-version": APIVersion,
}
preparer := autorest.CreatePreparer(
autorest.AsGet(),
autorest.WithBaseURL(client.BaseURI),
autorest.WithPathParameters("/subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/resourceGroups/{resourceGroupName}/providers/Microsoft.Security/iotSecuritySolutions/{solutionName}/analyticsModels/default/aggregatedRecommendations/{aggregatedRecommendationName}", pathParameters),
autorest.WithQueryParameters(queryParameters))
return preparer.Prepare((&http.Request{}).WithContext(ctx))
}
// GetSender sends the Get request. The method will close the
// http.Response Body if it receives an error.
func (client IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient) GetSender(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
return client.Send(req, azure.DoRetryWithRegistration(client.Client))
}
// GetResponder handles the response to the Get request. The method always
// closes the http.Response Body.
func (client IoTSecuritySolutionsAnalyticsRecommendationClient) GetResponder(resp *http.Response) (result IoTSecurityAggregatedRecommendation, err error) {
err = autorest.Respond(
resp,
azure.WithErrorUnlessStatusCode(http.StatusOK),
autorest.ByUnmarshallingJSON(&result),
autorest.ByClosing())
result.Response = autorest.Response{Response: resp}
return
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Arterial spin labeling of the heart has been shown to estimate myocardial perfusion and perfusion reserve at a single short-axis slice for coronary artery disease assessment. However, current spatial labeling methods suffer from transit delay effects when imaging is extended to more than a single slice. Velocity selective (VS) labeling is a promising alternative that does not suffer from transit delay effects.
Methods {#Sec2}
=======
Eight healthy volunteers were scanned using a 3T GE Signa Excite HD scanner with an 8-channel cardiac coil. Myocardial ASL measurements were made at a single short axis slice using both VSASL and conventional flow alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) ASL as a reference. VS labeling was performed using an adiabatic BIR4 pulse with bipolar gradients as shown in Figure [1A](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}. Labeling was achieved by saturating all spins above a cutoff velocity of 10 cm/s to target coronary blood velocity. Triple inversion recovery was used to suppress a range of myocardial T1s between 1250 ms and 1450 ms for background suppression. 6 breath-held labeled/control image pairs were acquired per subject. Myocardial blood flow (MBF), physiological noise (PN), and temporal SNR (TSNR = MBF/PN) were measured within the left ventricular myocardium ROI.Figure 1**A. the Velocity selective pulse is made using a symmetric BIR4 for reduced eddy current sensitivity and bipolar gradients to prevent spatial signal modulation in static tissue**. **B**. Coronary arterial blood (red) is saturated by VS labeling at mid-diastole with a velocity cutoff of 10 cm/s. **Left:** Gz \"off\" (T~2~ weighting only) **Right:** Gz \"on\" (T~2~ weighting + velocity selective saturation).
Results {#Sec3}
=======
Figure [1B](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"} shows that the VS labeling pulse was successful in saturating blood within the coronary artery. MBF and PN measurements from VSASL and FAIR were 1.69 ± 0.84 ml/g/min and 2.22 ± 0.57 ml/g/min respectively in eight volunteers. This corresponds to a TSNR of 2.01 and 3.89 respectively. VSASL underestimated MBF by 23.8% when compared to FAIR, which may be due to a signal loss of 15% from inversion inefficiency in background suppression combined with a T2 signal loss of 7% from the 12 ms VS pulse. We suspect that higher PN in VSASL is from spurious labeling of myocardium, which can be further reduced by more consistent background suppression. Low TSNR will be addressed by further sequence improvements that explore different cutoff velocities and velocity labeling directions. In a single volunteer, we performed an additional FAIR experiment with a thicker inversion slab (FAIR-TS) to simulate whole heart coverage. MBF and PN measurements from VSASL, FAIR, and FAIR-TS were 1.38 ± 0.58 ml/g/min, 0.88 ± 0.37 ml/g/min, and -0.04 ± 0.24 ml/g/min respectively. FAIR-TS has a large transit delay and is unable to estimate MBF while VSASL does not suffer from transit delay effects.
Conclusions {#Sec4}
===========
We have successfully labeled coronary blood based on velocity and demonstrated that VSASL is sensitive to myocardial perfusion. We believe that VSASL has the potential to become a more sensitive labeling scheme than spatial labeling sequences because of its insensitivity to transit delay and because it is inherently compatible with whole heart coverage.Figure 2**MBF and PN measurements from VSASL, FAIR, and FAIR-TS with a thicker inversion slab to simulate whole heart coverage in a single volunteer**. Both VSASL and FAIR are able to measure MBF. The region of high MBF on the lateral wall in VSASL is possibly due to spurious myocardial labeling. While VSASL has higher PN than FAIR, it is compatible with whole heart coverage because it does not suffer from transit delay effects. FAIR-TS is unable to measure MBF because the thickened inversion slab imparts a large transit delay.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
}
|
981 F.2d 1251
NOTICE: Fourth Circuit I.O.P. 36.6 states that citation of unpublished dispositions is disfavored except for establishing res judicata, estoppel, or the law of the case and requires service of copies of cited unpublished dispositions of the Fourth Circuit.Charles F. RIDDLE, Administrator of Estate for CharlesRiddle, Petitioner,v.DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, UnitedStates Department of Labor, Respondent.
No. 92-1217.
United States Court of Appeals,Fourth Circuit.
Submitted: October 7, 1992Decided: December 15, 1992
On Petition for Review of an Order of the Benefits Review Board. (89-3826-BLA)
Charles F. Riddle, Petitioner, Pro Se.
Patricia May Nece, Russell Alan Shultis, United States Department of Labor, Washington, D.C., for Respondent.
Ben. Rev. Bd.
Affirmed.
Before MURNAGHAN, WILKINSON, and LUTTIG, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
OPINION
1
Charles F. Riddle seeks review of the Benefits Review Board's decision and order affirming the administrative law judge's denial of a waiver of recoupment of black lung benefits awarded pursuant to 30 U.S.C.A. §§ 901-945 (West 1986 & Supp. 1992). Our review of the record discloses that the Board's decision is based upon substantial evidence and that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we affirm on the reasoning of the Board. Riddle v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, No. 89-3826-BLA (Benefits Review Board, Dec. 27, 1991). We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the Court and argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
Brent Edwards' thoughts on innovation in business and science
June 23, 2008
A World Champion Encounter
Most people strive to be good at their jobs and hobbies, and this often requires a considerable amount of dedication, effort, and innate skill. To be great at these, however that is defined, is more difficult still. To be considered by one’s peers to be one of the best in that field is rarely achieved. To be known as the best in the world at something…well, that achievement is nearly incomprehensible.
A month ago I played a game of chess against the current world champion in chess in his age division:12 and under. Daniel Naroditsky, who goes to school in the Bay Area, won the world championship in Turkey last fall. The achievement, the skill and effort required, of becoming a world champion in chess in any age bracket is mind-boggling. My game against him was less so. Herein are the details of that game.
Daniel conducted a 17–person simul, where he played against 17 people at the same time. I was one of those 17 people. Playing against many people simultaneously is not a new concept; The great American player from the 1800s Morphy used to play blind simuls with regularity. It doesn’t take a world champion to be able to play a simul successfully, but if there are reasonably ranked players among the challengers, then such a contest can be interesting.
One doesn’t play against a world champion chess player and expect to win (unless one is delusional or also ranked as a grandmaster). When playing against someone rated much higher than you in a simul, your best chance of success is for the higher-level player to offer you a draw if you give him a decent challenge; the higher-rated player would do this if he wants your game out of the way so that he can focus on other games that are more challenging. This was my goal. By the way, I also have hopes to hit a hole-in-one when I play golf, to have my luggage be the first one unloaded when I am waiting at an airport carousel, and to have celebrities talk to me with great interest when I see them in public places. Basically, expecting to win or draw against the world champion in chess is like expecting to beat Michael Jordan in a game of one-on-one.
Back to the simul.
The rules of a simul differ from regular competitive chess in that there is no clock dictating the amount of time allotted for moves. In a simul, you make your move when the champion appears in front of you—not before, and you certainly don’t continue to think about or hesitate in making your move once he appears before you. He then makes his move and proceeds to the next table, upon which the next nervous challenger must immediately make his move. Interestingly, the champion has no time constraint on his moves. After you make your move, he can think as long as he likes. Of course, he’s got other games to get to, so he usually doesn’t take too long. Also, the person in my simul is the world champion—how much time does he really need to decide how to respond to my castling? I can answer that, in fact: less than a second is how much time he needed.
Before the simul began and the challengers were standing around waiting for instructions on how the event would be conducted, it was clear that the majority of the challengers were young kids—possibly Daniel’s classmates from his school but clearly not typical students: they all had that dead-stare in their eyes indicative of a well-honed and massively complex calculating machine behind them. These kids wouldn’t be going to go back home after the game to play hacky-sack, they would likely immediately reference several chess books from their library of similarly sounding titles (“Variations in the French Defense,” “Countering the Sicilian”) and study how they could have better played the opening before firing up the latest Fritz computer program for some quick games of blitz chess.
Five of the adult challengers, including me, stood together before the event, nervousness in our body language. This group was clearly insecure about its age. There was a “please let at least one of the adults put in a good showing” attitude, not wanting our age to be proven irrelevant in this arena, our intellect crushed by a 12–year old. I’ve played chess competitively before (reaching a temporary Master’s rating, sort of…see the link), and one quickly realizes that age and ability do not have a high positive correlation. Sitting down against a 10–year old in a chess tournament, shaking their tiny limp hand at the beginning of the game, hearing their high-pitched “good luck,” facing them across the board as their head barely sticks up above the table, and having them proceed to suffocate the life out of your King while laying waste to your supporting pieces is a humbling experience. I was under no illusion about the fate of us adults, given that only one of us (not me) appeared to have had any experience with chess over the past few years: we would likely be among the first to relinquish our seats at the game for the observation gallery.
The 17 chessboards were set up in a U-shaped table arrangement, allowing the champion to walk from board to board inside the U while the challengers sat in front of their board around the outside of the U. Looking at the game setups, I was surprised at first to see that all of the boards were arranged so that Daniel played as White on all of them. At the grandmaster level of competition, playing as White is a considerable advantage because White makes the first move, and the best that one typically hopes for when playing as Black is a draw (tie). Thus, I was surprised to see that the simul was set up to give Daniel the advantage of White. Even though he was playing against 17 people simultaneously, giving him White in all games seemed an unnecessary advantage for a world champion. After his first move, though, I realized why the sides had been arranged this way.
We challengers sat at our tables and awaited the start. Daniel approached the first table, shook the challenger’s hand, and played Knight to f3. An unusual opening, and certainly a confusing one for a novice, who is used to seeing a pawn advance as the first move—usually the King’s or Queen’s. Daniel then moved to the second table, leaving the first challenger to ponder his response to this opening.
At the second table, Daniel shook the challenger’s hand and played Knight to f3 again. He moved on to my table, whereupon he shook my hand and also played Knight to f3. Daniel in fact opened every game with this move. Now I saw the reason that he was playing as White. Doing so allowed him to keep some consistency among all of the games. Each one had the same starting point and therefore was a a little easier for him to adjust his thinking as he approached each board. Makes a lot of sense.
At first, I had quite a lot of time to consider my moves. The rules were that a challenger had to make their move as soon as Daniel appeared in front of them. They couldn’t make their move before because Daniel needed to see what the move was. They couldn’t delay their move once Daniel showed up because that would hold up the whole process. At first, I had a whopping 2 minutes to consider my move between the time that Daniel left my board and he returned again, which was quite a bit of time to think about a move, particularly early in the game.
Time passed quickly. As Black, I created a King’s Indian Defense, developing the pieces on the King’s side and being cautious with pawn movement in the center and the Queen side. Whenever Daniel appeared before me, I made my move, he thought for a second (perhaps thinking about a game 34 years ago that had produced this same position), made his move and walked on. It wasn’t long before I looked around and saw one of the challenger’s seats empty. The pieces had been put back to their starting position except for the Black King, which lay on its side in the center of the board, slain by Daniel. Victim number one: one of the adults. Mere minutes later, I saw the second victim extend his hand in defeat to the world champion. Another adult gone.
As the position on my board started getting complicated (at least by my judgment), the time between Daniel’s appearances seemed to accelerate. I realized that as more players dropped out, there were fewer moves that Daniel had to make between moves in my game and thus I had less time to spend between my moves. With only 10 games in play, I figured that I’d have just over a minute between moves. If I made it to the final five, I’d have little more than half-a-minute. Time would get tighter the longer I played. For Daniel, however, the time he spent on his moves at my game remained the same.
The game went on. I played it fairly safe, developing pieces and slowly acquiring territory on the Queen’s side while he built space on the King’s side. More players dropped out of the competition, more Kings lay dead in the center of their boards. I had no illusions that I was going to win this game. I also had no illusions that I would give him a good game. With half of the players gone now, I also had no illusions that he was going to offer me a draw in order to focus on more critical games. He was in it for the kill. Most of the time, Daniel watched my move, thought for a second, then made his. I considered it a minor victory each time he actually had to stop and think for 5, 10, 15 seconds about his response before making his move. One time, he actually put his hand up to his chin in contemplation! In the face of certain defeat, I took such minor satisfactions where I could.
In chess, resigning doesn’t have the stigma that it does in other games. In fact, it is considered not only dignified but also good manners to resign if the game is clearly lost. Unlike most sports where one plays one’s hardest even if it is clear that there is no chance of winning, playing chess to the bitter end in a tournament is considered a waste of time and disrespectful of the person who won. This is in fact why the game ends on checkmate and not on the actual taking of the King—if there is no way to avoid the King being taken on the next move, then the game is over.
While in casual games it’s fun to play to checkmate, that rarely happens in competitive chess (except in the movies, where pieces are also slammed on the board and moves are made with the speed of a boxing match). At the grandmaster level, the play is so precise that if a player gets a piece down then the game is over. Players will even resign when they get a pawn down and their opponent has a good board position; the skill level is so high that the slightest advantage is enough to guarantee a win. As my game progressed, I became a pawn down, then we exchanged pieces, then I lost a rook for a Knight and pawn—plenty to cause another grandmaster to resign, let alone a patzer like me. Yet, to resign at a slight disadvantage against a world champion would be absurd, because realistically I should have resigned after his first move were I to resign once I realized that I had no chance of winning. The point of this game was not to play until it was clear who would win—that point occurred even before the game started. So, to resign after being a pawn down was to pretend that losing a pawn was a critical turning point against the world champion: “Oh, now you have me, sir; your pawn advantage has tipped the scales to ensure you a win.” So, I wasn’t going to resign just because I knew I was going to lose. However, I wasn’t going to keep playing until he checkmated me either; to force a world champion to checkmate me would be an insult (“I’m sorry, you are going to have to prove that you can win with a K-Q-B-B-R against my K-N pair…”) I decided that I would resign when I got more than one piece down.
As more challengers bowed out, Daniel’s appearances came quicker. With the time to ponder moves shortening and the game becoming more complex, I started to feel as if I had stalled into a death spiral. Daniel would appear, I would move, Daniel would spend 1–2 seconds considering what I had done (What was he thinking just then: Idiot? Book? How sad? That Hannah Montana is quite a talented singer?), Daniel would quickly make his move and walk away, then reappear seemingly seconds later. I no longer had enough time to assess the move choices that I had—I had to start doing partial analyses and taking my best guess. Soon, I made a mistake and he took my Rook. And then…and then…
And then I saw it. Two moves later I would be able to fork his King and Rook! This was kind of move one giggles with anticipation of playing in a normal game, and I was going to do it against a world champion. I was going to put the world champion in CHECK! This move would simultaneously attack his King and Rook at the same time, so that when he moves his King to safety, I could safely take his Rook. This was my moment, far beyond any outcome that I had anticipated. A series of scenarios rushed through my head once I saw what I was going to do. “Check, sir,” I would say, calmly taking a pawn with my Knight while simultaneously attacking his King and Queen’s Rook. Or I would simply make the move, and he would look up into my eyes with appreciation, reach out to shake my hand and give me the game. Or, making an unforgettable spectacle out of it, I would suddenly rise up out of my chair with the palms of my hands slamming down flat on the table, snatch up my Knight and slam it down on his pawn’s space, knocking the pawn sideways into the board beside me, and growl as loudly as I could, “Check, punk!!” while glaring over the table and looming an easy two feet above Daniel’s head. With this last possibility, of course, I would have been immediately humiliated by his play on the following moves, assuming that the parents in the room didn’t throw me out of the building first. While fantasizing about how I would play my pending check move, Daniel suddenly appeared at my board. I reached forward, moved my Knight while simultaneously taking his pawn with the same hand; he paused for two seconds, moved his King to safety, and disappeared to the next table. Hmm, not the dramatic event I was expecting.
The game lasted a few more moves but, as I said, the end result was a foregone conclusion. I made a couple more mistakes (that I knew of) and then resigned, embarrassed that I hadn’t resigned long ago. I reached my hand across the board, said “Good game,” got out of my chair and stepped back among the rest of the observers. As the organizer put the pieces on my board back to their starting position, except for the Black King which he laid on its side in the center of the board, I looked at all of the other boards similarly set. Two players remained, but it was a matter of minutes before those two also resigned. It was over: 17–0, a clean sweep.
Everyone clapped for Daniel’s performance. I’m not sure what he thought about the whole event, but it was fun and thrilling for me to have the opportunity to play a world champion at their own game, even if the result was a foregone conclusion before the first move.
Chess is a sea in which a gnat may drink and an elephant may bathe, says an ancient Indian proverb. I would say that I’ve slurped from it a little bit in my life, while Daniel is not just bathing but swimming in it and diving deeply. It was great to have been in the water however briefly as Daniel temporarily entered the shallow-end, taking a short rest from his deep-sea diving.
1 Comment
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I am the Vice President for Research at Starkey Labs, the largest hearing device company in the US. I also run a center in Berkeley, CA where we conduct research on hearing, cognition, speech and innovative hearing aid technologies, and am a Visiting Scholar at UC Berkeley.
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{
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1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a pulse width modulation digital-to-analog converter for converting input digital data into a pulse width modulated waveform for conversion into corresponding analog signals.
2. Prior Art
Various types of digital-to-analog converters are known in the art for converting input digital signals into corresponding analog signals, such as a pulse width modulation or PWM system for converting input digital data into a pulse width modulated waveform, or a pulse amplitude modulation or PAM system for converting input digital data into a pulse amplitude modulated waveform, for conversion into corresponding analog signals.
On the other hand, in digital audio signal processing systems, such as CD or DAT, several techniques have been proposed for reducing quantization noise at the time of decoding analog audio signals from digital data. These include an oversampling technique for converting digital data with a sampling frequency fs according to Nyquist's theorem into data having a sampling frequency which is a multiple (n.multidot.fs) thereof, and a noise shaping technique which changes the frequency distribution characteristics of the noise for improving the S/N ratio. For example, as disclosed in the Japanese Patent Publication 61-177819 (1986), digital data which have been subjected to oversampling or noise-shaping, as mentioned above, are converted into analog form by a digital-to-analog converter producing analog audio signals having a reduced quantization noise level.
Meanwhile, although it is possible in principle with the above mentioned PAM digital to analog converter to produce analog output signals with excellent linearity and reduced distortion, it has the drawback that high accuracy resistance summation or current summation circuits, accurately registered with the weights of the input digital data bits, are required. If it is desired to improve resolution, the circuit scale must be increased and the circuit as a whole must be designed to provide high accuracy.
On the other hand, the above mentioned PWM digital-to-analog converters have a less complex circuit organization. In a conventional PWM digital-to-analog converter, as shown in FIG. 1, pulse width modulated waveforms having pulse widths W.sub.7, W.sub.6, W.sub.5, W.sub.4, W.sub.3, W.sub.2 and W.sub.1, corresponding with 3-bit 7-value input digital data D.sub.7, D.sub.6, D.sub.5, D.sub.4, D.sub.3, D.sub.2 and D.sub.1 are generated and freed of high frequency components in a low-pass filter to produce analog output signals. However, as shown in the spectral distribution diagram of FIG. 2, which illustrates the results of an FFT analysis of a pulse width modulated waveform generated with the use of the conventional circuit from a 10kHz sinusoidal signal, the even-number order distortion components, and above all, the second order distortion components HD, are large.
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
oid sha256:8979a022c2ee477f6d147568167d51a38fcbe6faee3a2f2a8a19394e0460973c
size 8403
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{
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The Ultimate Guide for Alternative Brides
Rockstar Vendor
Pirate Wedding in Toronto: Jackie & Y’Ves
Jackie always knew she wanted a pirate themed wedding, even before she met Y’ves. So when it came to this couple saying “I do” there really was only one way they were going to do it! The wedding was held on The Kajama Tall Ship, docked at The Harbourfront Centre on Queens Quay West in Toronto. They had their ceremony on the deck at 12.30, they set sail at 1 ‘o clock and everyone de-boarded at 5.30.
Guests were then invited to join them for post-wedding cocktails in the Watermark Lounge at the Radisson Admiral Hotel. The evening ended with a bit of a pirate pub crawl, hitting up the Amsterdam Brew Pub and then the Foggy Dew Irish Pub (where the couple met while they were both working there).
Jackie wore a custom red and black corset from AE Clothing (on etsy) which she made her own by adding swing latch clasps, chains and jewelled skull beads. Y’Ves wore Blackbeard’s wardrobe from Medieval Collectibles. Most of their guests also got into the spirit by dressing up!
“Ever since I was a child, I wanted to get married in a red dress”, explained Jackie. “As I became an adult, I knew I wanted something other than a traditional or destination wedding. Neither of us are traditional in so many ways. We chose children before marriage, we find 13 a lucky number, and we both love pirates! Why not have a pirate booze cruise? Instead of spending a ton on a traditional wedding, let’s have fun and get our guests to dress up! We knew we could use our outfits again for Halloween with the kids, and for future events.”
“We played all rock, metal, and punk songs. We walked down the aisle to AWOL Nation’s ‘Sail’, signed the registry to Monster Truck’s ‘Seven Seas Blues’, danced our first dance to Guns n’ Roses ‘Patience’, and kicked off the reception to Led Zeppelin’s ‘The Ocean’.”
“It was foggy and lightly raining”, she continued, “which made the sailing misty and authentic! My hair and make up became a mess, but I didn’t even mind. Go with the flow! The photos were bright and our eyes were open because we weren’t blinded by the sun. I love the contrast of the concrete jungle and the CN Tower ‘photo-bombing’ through the fog against the pirates on board. We didn’t have any planned photos or poses, just felt it in the moment. I loved dancing up high by the sails. The guest’s faces in all the photos are of pure joy and amazement. Their costumes were so fun, from DIY in the closet or dollar store, to high end rentals and custom creations.”
“I loved our outfits and seeing what our guests wore. I loved it when we fired the cannons at passing vessels (which didn’t always work because the wick was too wet!) I loved dancing above everyone by the sails. I loved the look of love in my groom’s eyes as I came to him in the ceremony. I loved writing the ceremony!! I loved the table décor, as it was fun to collect piece-by-piece. I loved it all!”
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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AeroPress Coffee and Espresso Maker (80R08B) + 350 Micro Filters
Amazon is offering the AeroPress Coffee and Espresso Maker + 350 Micro Filters (Model: 80R08B) for $25.99 – 13% off with free shipping. The secret to its flavorful coffee is ideal water temperature and faster brews, yielding a smooth flavor without bitterness. The whole process is micro-filtered to ensure a particle-free coffee, espresso, or latte. Its total-immersion system utilizes gentle air pressure to ensure the perfect brew. You can also travel with your compact Aeropress and prepare exquisite coffee without paying extravagant Starbucks prices. The Aeropress is easy to clean. Coffee enthusiasts simply gush over the Aeropress in the review section.
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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1,1'-Bis(N-benzimidazolylidene)ferrocene: synthesis and study of a novel ditopic ligand and its transition metal complexes.
Diiridum complexes containing 1,1'-bis(N-benzimidazolylidene)ferrocene, a novel ditopic ligand comprised of two N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) linked directly via their N-substituents to each cyclopentadienyl ring of a ferrocene moiety, were synthesized. Crystallographic analyses of these C(2)-symmetric bimetallic complexes revealed the benzimidazolylidene moieties were intramolecularly stacked in nearly opposing orientations, effectively forming Janus-type bis(NHC) structures in the solid state. Using a variety of electrochemical techniques, the oxidation potentials of the ferrocenyl groups in these complexes were found to depend on the auxillary ligands coordinated to the Ir centers (i.e., 1,5-cyclooctadiene vs. carbonyl). Similarly, the nu(CO) of carbonyls ligated to the Ir centers varied in accord with the oxidation state of the ferrocene contained with the bis(NHC) ligand. These results suggest that the Ir and Fe centers in these complexes are electronically coupled and that the electron donating ability of the bis(NHC) ligand reported herein can be tuned electrochemically.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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/* SpagoBI, the Open Source Business Intelligence suite
* Copyright (C) 2012 Engineering Ingegneria Informatica S.p.A. - SpagoBI Competency Center
* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0, without the "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses" notice.
* If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
package it.eng.spagobi.tools.dataset.common.metadata;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author Andrea Gioia (andrea.gioia@eng.it)
* Davide Zerbetto (davide.zerbetto@eng.it)
*
*/
public interface IFieldMetaData {
public static final String DECIMALPRECISION = "decimalPrecision";
public static final String ORDERTYPE = "oprdertype";
public static final String PROPERTY_ATTRIBUTE_PRESENTATION = "attributePresentation";
public static final String PROPERTY_ATTRIBUTE_PRESENTATION_CODE = "code";
public static final String PROPERTY_ATTRIBUTE_PRESENTATION_DESCRIPTION = "description";
public static final String PROPERTY_ATTRIBUTE_PRESENTATION_CODE_AND_DESCRIPTION = "both";
public enum FieldType {ATTRIBUTE, MEASURE}
String getName();
String getAlias();
Class getType();
FieldType getFieldType();
Object getProperty(String propertyName);
void setName(String name);
void setAlias(String alias);
void setType(Class type);
void setProperty(String propertyName, Object propertyValue);
void setFieldType(FieldType fieldType);
void deleteProperty(String propertyName);
Map getProperties();
void setProperties(Map properties);
}
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{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
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A Crypto-Decentralist Manifesto
2016/07/11 Arvicco
Blockchains are going to rule the world, providing a mechanism for scaling social and economic cooperation to an unprecedented level — a truly global scale. Such cooperation will involve not only human beings, groups and associations but also a growing multitude of increasingly independent artificial agents.
Every blockchain creates a social network around its applications, with network value growing exponentially with the number of participants in accordance with Reed’s Law. This value isn’t extracted by intermediaries or controllers, as with previous centralized models. Instead, it’s shared among participants, providing economic incentives for cooperation without coercion.
Not all blockchains are created equal. There are three key characteristics that make scalable blockchain-enabled cooperation possible: openness, neutrality and immutability.
Openness is necessary. It goes without saying that the rules of the game should be open for anyone to see and understand. Anyone should be able to participate in any layer of the system without asking for any permission whatsoever. Anyone should be able to use the network in accordance with its rules. Anyone should be able to create their own client implementing the open protocol. Anyone should be able to contribute to network security, and so on. No registration, identification or other preconditions should limit participation. All such limitations prevent the network from scaling and their enforcement creates centralization risks.
Neutrality is necessary. It’s important for anyone participating in blockchain-enabled cooperation to be on an equal footing with everyone else. It doesn’t matter if you wield huge economic power or only a tiny amount. It doesn’t matter whether you’re a saintly Mother Theresa or a vicious drug dealer. It doesn’t matter whether you’re a human or a refrigerator. It doesn’t matter what you believe in, what political theory you subscribe to, or whether you’re a moral or immoral person. A participant’s ethnicity, age, sex, profession, social standing, friends or affiliations, make or model, goals, purposes or intentions — none of this matters to the blockchain even a bit. The rules of the game are exactly the same for everyone, period. Without neutrality, the system is skewed towards one set of participants at the expense of others. In that case, it’s less likely to gain universal acceptance and maximize network value for everyone.
Immutability is necessary. The blockchain is a truth machine preserving one universally accepted version of history, one immutable sequence of events. What’s true once is always true, regardless of political or business interests, and no amount of lobbying can change that. If it’s simply not possible to change history, then no resources are wasted on the effort. If there are any loopholes at all, then sufficiently motivated and determined interest groups will exploit them at the expense of others, diminishing network value for everyone.
The rules governing the blockchain network are known in advance. They’re exactly the same for everyone and not subject to change other than with 100% consensus. Yes, it must be 100%. Because any change to the system’s rules that not all participants freely agree to creates a network split, diminishing network value for everyone.
It’s impossible to achieve these blockchain characteristics without the system being truly decentralized. If any aspect of the blockchain system becomes subject to centralized control, this introduces an attack vector enabling the violation of one or more of the key blockchain characteristics. It may be possible to limit participation (such as by enforcing AML/KYC rules), thus violating openness. It may be possible to enforce discriminatory policies (such as by filtering “illegal” transactions), thus violating neutrality. It may be possible to rewrite the history of events (such as by confiscating or “redistributing” funds), thus violating immutability. Introducing centralized chokepoints creates a precondition for the introduction of “blockchain intermediaries or controllers” who can siphon value out of the system at other participants’ expense.
So decentralization is the most important feature of blockchain systems, the one everything else depends on. With decentralization, blockchains will come to rule the world. Without it, they’ll be “contained” and railroaded into niche applications.
We decentralists are committed to keeping blockchains open, neutral and immutable. We’re committed to keeping blockchain systems decentralized. This informs all our actions and positions towards any developments in the crypto world and beyond. All attempts to violate any of the key blockchain characteristics should be fought. All changes to a blockchain’s rules that introduce new centralization risks or strengthen existing ones should be fought. Only developments that are clearly beneficial to decentralization or strengthen the three key blockchain characteristics should be supported and encouraged. The blockchain revolution won’t be centralized. Let’s make sure of it.
Onward.
Source: https://medium.com/@bit_novosti/a-crypto-decentralist-manifesto-6ba1fa0b9ede#.2m5ro5rr9
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{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
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[phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 113: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead[phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 494: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead[phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 494: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead[phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 494: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead[phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 494: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead[phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 494: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead[phpBB Debug] 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[ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 113: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead[phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/functions.php on line 5312: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at [ROOT]/includes/functions.php:3925)[phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/functions.php on line 5312: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at [ROOT]/includes/functions.php:3925)[phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/functions.php on line 5312: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at [ROOT]/includes/functions.php:3925)[1.8] Error when collapsing feedlist (<< button) - Tiny Tiny RSS
The bug was introduced when you added the floating title, short time before v1.8 was released.
As soon as the floating title is shown (both combined views), the error is triggered when you collapse the feed list.Changing feeds hides the floating title => everything works fine.Scroll down to show the floating title => it's there again.
Another side effect: The width of the headline frame won't be adjusted after collapsing the feed list.
I don't think it's needed much anymore, there's a hotkey and you can adjust the column for whatever width which will be remembered.
Also I don't think it's used much (it was broken for at least one milestone and nobody noticed) so I figured deemphasizing it further to clean up the toolbar is a good idea. You can still user-css enable it.
Most used button on the toolbar here and regularly without a keyboard so 'c s' isn't really a replacement. I never considered other rss readers because they lacked the ability to collapse the feed list. TTRSS's toolbar has a lot of whitespace on it when feedlist is collapsed, keeping this button and having some nice native looking buttons for feed navigating, subscribing, etc. would be a better direction imo. The article_toolbar plugin adds this functionality but the buttons look tacked on as if they don't belong.
This thread already existed when I started using ttrss so I didn't say anything about it and waited for a fix but noticed the problem within the first minute.
Anyhow the button would be much less useful to me if it would save the state of the feedlist in a cookie like other rss readers are doing. In the future maybe?
|
{
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|
Raw beef, pork and chicken in Japan contaminated with Salmonella sp., Campylobacter sp., Yersinia enterocolitica, and Clostridium perfringens--a comparative study.
One hundred and twenty samples each of raw ground beef, pork and chicken from ten local grocery stores in Shimane Prefecture, Japan, were examined for the presence of Salmonella sp. (Sal), Campylobacter jejuni (Cj), Campylobacter coli (Cc), Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye), and Clostridium perfringens (Cp) from April 1984 to March 1985. A total of 205 isolates of Sal (112 strains), Cj (64 strains), Cc (one strain), Ye (7 strains) and Cp (21 strains) were recovered from 17 beef (14.2%), 31 pork (25.8%) and 94 chicken (78.3%) of 120 samples each. Sal biogroup 1 was found in 8.3% of beef, 13.3% of pork and 35.0% of chicken, Sal biogroup 2 in 0.8% of beef, 4.2% of pork and 14.2% of chicken, Cj in 1.7% of beef and pork and 50.0% of chicken, Cc in 0.8% of pork, Ye serotype 03 was found in 5.0% of pork, and Cp in 1.7% of beef and pork and 10.8% of chicken. These enteropathogens were recovered concomitantly from two pork and 31 chicken samples, especially Sal and Cj. Sal was counted at less than or equal to 10(2)/100 g of beef and pork and at less than or equal to 10(3)/100 g of chicken, Cj was counted at less than or equal to 10(1)/g of beef and pork and at less than or equal to 10(2)/g of chicken, Ye serotype 03 was counted at less than or equal to 10(3)/g of pork, Cp was counted at less than or equal to 10(2)/g of pork and at less than or equal to 10(2)g of chicken, and Cc from pork and Cp from beef were recovered by using enrichment culture. This investigation showed that a second-contamination of Sal and Cj from chicken to beef and pork frequently occurred during the warm months of the year. It was suggested that chicken may become a source of infection with plural organisms of enteric pathogens, especially Sal and Cj, at the same time all the year round, and that pork may be an important source of infection with Ye during the cold months.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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|
Q:
Using Subversion with Visual Basic 6
My team is moving from Visual SourceSafe to Subversion soon, while developing/supporting a legacy project in Visual Basic 6.0, so I have a couple of questions:
What's the best tool for Subversion IDE integration in Visual Studio 6? (or is it not worth the trouble...)
Are there any best practices for using Subversion with Visual Basic 6.0? (file types to ignore, etc.)
A:
I would agree that Tortoise SVN in Windows Explorer would be the best way to use SVN with VB6.
The biggest change you will find migrating to SVN is the idea of "Check out" and "Check in" aren't exactly the same as "Update" and "Commit". . . thus, any IDE integration with VB6 is limited because VB6 supports MSSCCI, a check-out/check-in mechanism. I once used TamTam SVN (http://www.daveswebsite.com/software/tamtamsvn/index.shtml) with Visual Studio 2003, but stopped since I found it limiting. Merging/branching/blaming, etc. are very powerful features Tortoise SVN provides that weren't in TamTam. Tigris also has http://svnvb6.tigris.org/, but I have not tried it.
Again, while you quite possibly get an IDE to work with VB6, I would not recommend it since the greatest strength of migrating to SVN is to break the Source Safe philosophy of check-in/check-out.
A:
Since Subversion uses an update/edit/commit cycle (rather than checkin/checkout), you will need to be especially careful with binary files. Most forms in VB6 consist of two files: MyForm.frm and MyForm.frx. The *.frx files are binary, and thus cannot be merged.
Given that, I would set up Subversion to require "locking" on .frx files. This means that only one person can check the file out at a time. By doing so, you will enforce that only one developer can modify these files at a time, and it is always clear who that person currently is. If you don't do this, you are setting yourself up for some major headaches.
A:
Depending how much you're planning to do on these legacy projects I would consider not switching.
I would really advise you to switch to SVN. I know of a few projects that lost source code because the VSS database became corrupted.
I think there are tools that perform the migration from SourceSafe to SVN. (Yes-- a quick Google search confirmed it.) That way you wouldn't be losing the revision history.
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
To improve a surface of plastics lenses that have been used increasingly frequently in recent years, metal oxide sols having a high refractive index are used as a component of a hard coat agent applied to the surface thereof.
For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 63-37142 describes a molded part having a transparent cover layer containing fine inorganic substance particles comprised by at least one metal oxide selected from Al, Ti, Zr, Sn and Sb having a particle size of 1 to 300 nm.
Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 4-27168 discloses crystalline titanium oxide-tin oxide sol having particles with a particle size of 50 nm or less. This is obtained by a method in which a water-soluble titanium compound and a water-soluble tin compound are reacted with an alkali metal hydroxide or its carbonate and/or an ammonium compound and hydrothermally treated.
Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 5-29363 discloses a cosmetic having incorporated therein a titanium oxide-cerium oxide composite sol obtained by adding hydrogen peroxide to a dispersion of titanium oxide hydrate and cerium oxide hydrate to dissolve the titanium oxide hydrate and cerium oxide hydrate and heating the solution.
Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Hei 2-178219 and Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 4-45453 disclose a method for producing a titanium oxide-iron oxide composite sol.
In the above-mentioned prior art, the metal oxide particles comprised by Al, Ti, Zr, Sn, Sb, etc. having a particle size of 1 to 300 nm described in Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 63-37142 are undesirable since where they are coated on a plastics substrate and cured, the resulting coating film has insufficient water resistance even when they are used each alone as a component of a hard coat agent. Also, when high refractive titanium oxide is used in this application, its primary particle size must be 20 nm or less, preferably 15 nm or less in relation to transparency. However, a problem arises that it is colored to blue color when irradiated with ultraviolet rays.
In the case where the sols described in Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 4-45453, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Hei 2-178219 and Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 5-29363 are used, addition of a small amount of iron oxide or cerium oxide to the titanium oxide can inhibit the discoloration attributable to the irradiation of ultraviolet rays. However, because of the iron oxide or cerium oxide added in such an amount as can inhibit the coloration, the sols themselves are colored to brown or yellow and coating films prepared from them are also colored to and are undesirable.
Also, the crystalline titanium oxide-tin oxide sol described in Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 4-27168 is undesirable in that hydrothermal treatment at 100.degree. C. or higher is essential to convert it into a composite form, with the result that firm and stable secondary flocculates are generated to considerably decrease the transparency of the resulting sol.
Whereas plastic molded products are used in large amounts making the best of their advantages such as lightness in weight, ready processing, and impact resistance, on the contrary, they have defects that their hardness is insufficient and they tend to be marred, corroded by solvents, electrically charged to adsorb dusts, have insufficient heat resistance and so on, so that they are less sufficient in practical use as lenses for glasses windowpanes, etc. than inorganic glass molded parts.
Accordingly, it has been proposed to provide a protective coat on plastic molded parts. So many kinds of coating compositions have been proposed for use as a coat and for example, a coating composition containing an organosilicon compound or its hydrolysates as a main component (resin component or coating film-forming component) has been used as a hard coat for lenses for glasses. However, this coating agent has insufficient marring resistance. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Sho 53-111336 discloses use of a coating agent containing colloidal silica particles obtained by addition of silica sol as a hard coat for lenses for glasses.
Conventionally, plastic lenses for glasses have mostly been produced by cast polymerization of diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate in the state of monomer. The lens thus produced has a refractive index of about 1.50, which is lower than the refractive index of glass lens being 1.52, so that there arises the problem that in the case of lenses for glasses for short sight the thickness of frame increases. For this reason, recently, the development of monomers having a higher refractive index than that of diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate have been promoted. Such high refractive resin materials are disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-opens No. Sho 55-13747, No. Sho 56-166214, No. Sho 57-23611, No. Sho 57-54901, No. Sho 59-133211, No. Sho 60-199016 and No. Sho 64-54021.
In contrast to high refractive lenses using the above-described high refractive resin materials, Japanese Patent Application Laid-opens No. Sho 62-151801 and No. Sho 63-275682 disclose coating agents containing a colloidal dispersion of fine particles of an oxide of a metal such as Sb or Ti.
The coating agent containing colloidal silica by addition of a silica sol has such a problem that a film obtained by coating and curing the coating agent generates interference fringes, making the appearance of the lens unacceptable. Also, in the case of lenses, it is often the case that an antireflection film (a multilayer structure film comprising inorganic oxide thin films based on the optical interference theory) is provided on the coating film. In this case, there has been such a problem that the antireflection film has a reflection color, for example, very pale green, and the reflection color varies and is uneven depending on the position on the surface of the lens.
In a coating agent containing colloidal tin oxide by addition of a tin oxide sol, the tin oxide sol has low compatibility with organosilicon compounds such as silane coupling agent or silicon-containing substances such as the hydrolysates of organosilicon compounds and therefore, it has decreased stability, with the result that films obtained by coating and curing the coating agent have insufficient water resistance.
In the coating agent containing colloidal titanium oxide by addition of a titanium oxide sol, the titanium oxide sol has also low compatibility with organosilicon compounds such as silane coupling agent or silicon-containing substances such as the hydrolysates of organosilicon compounds and therefore, it has decreased stability, with the result that films obtained by coating and curing the coating agent have insufficient water resistance. Also, there has been the problem that it is discolored to blue by irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
The coating agent containing colloidal antimony oxide by addition of an antimony oxide sol has improved stability because compatibility between the antimony oxide sol and organosilicon compounds such as silane coupling agent or silicon-containing substances such as the hydrolysates of organosilicon compounds is high. However, there is such a problem that films obtained by coating and curing the coating agent have insufficient refractive index.
The present invention is to provide a coating composition that gives rise to a film showing no interference fringes and having no irregularity in reflection color, the film being obtained by coating and curing the coating agent on a high refractive optical element that uses a high refractive resin material having a high refractive index of n.sub.D =1.54 to 1.70 and an optical element utilizing the coating composition.
Also, the present invention is to provide a coating composition for plastics that is excellent in marring resistance, surface hardness, wear resistance, flexibility, transparency, antistatic properties, dyeability, heat resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance, etc. and an optical element utilizing the coating composition. In particular, the present invention is to provide a coating agent that gives rise to a film that is excellent in marring resistance, adhesion, water resistance, transparency, light resistance and generates no interference fringe.
The present invention provides a method for producing composite sols, coating compositions utilizing such composite sols, and optical elements that can obviate the above-mentioned problems.
|
{
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|
ple of 219?
True
Is 904 a factor of 449254780?
False
Is 13851792 a multiple of 2?
True
Is 201 a factor of 1077361608?
True
Is 9645 a factor of 2038647022?
False
Is 169060514 a multiple of 1005?
False
Does 55 divide 1661793980?
True
Is 10 a factor of 4893160?
True
Is 16468720 a multiple of 80?
True
Does 191 divide 22838856?
False
Does 5044 divide 707168800?
True
Does 161 divide 259572169?
False
Is 1091 a factor of 282569529?
False
Is 42508039 a multiple of 257?
False
Is 1568 a factor of 730908318?
False
Is 34 a factor of 172118826?
False
Is 5 a factor of 6321076?
False
Does 253 divide 381325395?
True
Does 1484 divide 243879076?
True
Does 5633 divide 556686858?
True
Is 13 a factor of 491675247?
False
Does 981 divide 8410268?
False
Is 25439940 a multiple of 3?
True
Is 7 a factor of 334115621?
True
Is 13906536 a multiple of 366?
True
Does 1060 divide 308412300?
True
Does 4278 divide 363596365?
False
Is 19527322 a multiple of 3?
False
Is 54551926 a multiple of 144?
False
Does 7500 divide 1021321375?
False
Is 932 a factor of 40729332?
True
Is 124 a factor of 41938900?
False
Does 5139 divide 2361309065?
False
Is 12046487 a multiple of 3?
False
Is 243 a factor of 14611833?
True
Does 51 divide 1317349?
False
Is 78 a factor of 44961306?
True
Is 16760472 a multiple of 164?
True
Is 2189 a factor of 10283922?
True
Does 1276 divide 182009883?
False
Does 24 divide 15216221?
False
Does 69 divide 16312479?
False
Is 207228318 a multiple of 66?
True
Is 320 a factor of 454072789?
False
Is 55105932 a multiple of 84?
True
Is 71 a factor of 13632355?
True
Is 527 a factor of 1294919104?
True
Does 23 divide 1691712?
False
Is 58372317 a multiple of 2931?
False
Does 73 divide 57311862?
True
Is 30 a factor of 178923990?
True
Is 249214776 a multiple of 12?
True
Is 409 a factor of 154114523?
False
Is 44282476 a multiple of 49?
True
Is 262754822 a multiple of 2882?
True
Does 3388 divide 1128578701?
False
Is 286202591 a multiple of 1044?
False
Is 19 a factor of 136137698?
True
Does 4083 divide 75945327?
False
Is 506 a factor of 3893041548?
True
Is 21 a factor of 14714364?
True
Is 1497236471 a multiple of 161?
False
Is 5 a factor of 45728098?
False
Is 136392554 a multiple of 11?
False
Is 37 a factor of 16013818?
False
Does 150 divide 78951172?
False
Is 651911130 a multiple of 234?
True
Is 926973183 a multiple of 28?
False
Is 72 a factor of 299802888?
True
Is 46200694 a multiple of 142?
True
Does 2 divide 7955650?
True
Is 447323203 a multiple of 3347?
True
Is 722960357 a multiple of 1964?
False
Is 1100422 a multiple of 2?
True
Does 11 divide 6254435?
True
Is 116428 a multiple of 26?
True
Does 313 divide 17726129?
True
Does 29 divide 19145655?
True
Does 31 divide 307371045?
True
Is 2664740678 a multiple of 2053?
False
Is 12544770 a multiple of 246?
True
Is 7488250 a multiple of 385?
True
Is 4104 a factor of 88932516?
False
Is 201 a factor of 1183015851?
True
Is 25942996 a multiple of 801?
False
Does 17 divide 637888405?
False
Does 231 divide 84592712?
False
Does 2359 divide 96728436?
True
Is 54 a factor of 888418?
False
Is 4116124 a multiple of 119?
False
Is 24 a factor of 69142303?
False
Is 65674347 a multiple of 1474?
False
Is 743 a factor of 140568170?
True
Is 35159639 a multiple of 5?
False
Is 155667828 a multiple of 386?
False
Is 8887594 a multiple of 8?
False
Does 19 divide 107628978?
False
Is 108672663 a multiple of 75?
False
Is 67 a factor of 24628865?
True
Does 16 divide 43142192?
True
Is 91 a factor of 140667163?
True
Is 57953525 a multiple of 175?
True
Is 1442075922 a multiple of 14?
True
Does 100 divide 31874700?
True
Is 359 a factor of 313603373?
True
Is 842548485 a multiple of 5?
True
Is 229053864 a multiple of 237?
True
Does 409 divide 94136083?
False
Is 134608427 a multiple of 263?
False
Does 15 divide 2690520849?
False
Is 15090025 a multiple of 58?
False
Does 69 divide 1509352161?
True
Is 976 a factor of 31744400?
True
Does 1531 divide 59001678?
True
Is 99854390 even?
True
Is 718 a factor of 12338915?
False
Does 26 divide 45413542?
False
Is 50577230 a multiple of 506?
True
Does 20 divide 580461652?
False
Is 2577 a factor of 1532338317?
True
Is 108129228 a multiple of 19?
True
Is 107 a factor of 869224124?
False
Does 20 divide 24546840?
True
Is 109 a factor of 34759205?
False
Is 110395703 a multiple of 211?
False
Is 55393376 a multiple of 1451?
True
Is 12 a factor of 508339487?
False
Is 306 a factor of 2668089221?
False
Is 55800958 even?
True
Does 161 divide 335990921?
False
Is 26 a factor of 426943?
False
Is 493276074 a multiple of 5806?
False
Is 1415 a factor of 25537016?
False
Is 50 a factor of 15162100?
True
Does 9 divide 280869381?
True
Is 403910156 a multiple of 52?
True
Is 369856185 a multiple of 95?
True
Is 36 a factor of 2120832?
True
Is 66 a factor of 57817819?
False
Is 297 a factor of 2406687968?
False
Is 757390619 a multiple of 107?
True
Does 108 divide 3218940?
True
Does 17 divide 33780751?
True
Is 1619 a factor of 992024441?
True
Is 2780 a factor of 384557400?
True
Is 25946987 a multiple of 275?
False
Is 7796 a factor of 8357312000?
True
Is 110577132 a multiple of 18?
True
Is 580071960 a multiple of 4?
True
Is 692 a factor of 46758?
False
Is 1158301043 a multiple of 154?
False
Is 19 a factor of 3295904522?
False
Is 122 a factor of 3447842?
True
Is 31 a factor of 526607301?
False
Is 6206067 a multiple of 161?
True
Does 282 divide 225110448?
True
Is 136 a factor of 18984920?
True
Is 558 a factor of 61141734?
True
Does 12 divide 2335910160?
True
Does 4 divide 197225028?
True
Is 70 a factor of 60123420?
True
Is 9 a factor of 89533170?
True
Is 14 a factor of 2352244412?
True
Is 258441882 a multiple of 204?
False
Is 12845360 a multiple of 80?
True
Does 999 divide 361973664?
True
Is 4850062 a multiple of 271?
False
Is 892997010 a multiple of 863?
False
Does 6 divide 230062260?
True
Is 11574021 a multiple of 65?
False
Is 121 a factor of 2162973367?
False
Does 244 divide 88644822?
False
Is 93 a factor of 2562313855?
False
Is 315 a factor of 254767058?
False
Is 70 a factor of 1570357?
False
Does 70 divide 548634125?
False
Is 476725534 a multiple of 886?
False
Is 70 a factor of 233310?
True
Is 39034498 a multiple of 1086?
False
Is 1750082490 a multiple of 30?
True
Is 33999570 a multiple of 366?
True
Is 146243616 a multiple of 1256?
True
Is 658 a factor of 1772063702?
False
Is 355496860 a multiple of 68?
True
Is 32916383 a multiple of 162?
False
Is 9 a factor of 175742001?
True
Does 49 divide 787214596?
True
Is 2026590462 a multiple of 78?
True
Is 35 a factor of 50713339?
False
Does 2 divide 107764217?
False
Does 64 divide 41571325?
False
Is 308544702 a multiple of 111?
True
Is 2047350041 a multiple of 15?
False
Is 264867750 a multiple of 515?
False
Is 306800138 a multiple of 36?
False
Does 1249 divide 285128516?
False
Is 396 a factor of 4084269642?
False
Is 111269055 a multiple of 404?
False
Does 707 divide 58005698?
False
Is 4 a factor of 1209754?
False
Is 322467445 a multiple of 71?
True
Does 13 divide 726242530?
True
Is 6 a factor of 2086798?
False
Is 46 a factor of 1392956682?
True
Is 29 a factor of 529932012?
False
Does 178 divide 862667566?
True
Is 63 a factor of 23106380?
False
Does 11 divide 208152285?
True
Is 259 a factor of 36772302?
True
Is 2546 a factor of 14686868?
False
Does 62 divide 11702134?
False
Does 687 divide 136564608?
True
Is 134 a factor of 52142345?
False
Is 150 a factor of 2759366799?
False
Does 28 divide 131739057?
False
Is 3855384 a multiple of 52?
True
Is 27 a factor of 168032297?
False
Is 18886474 a multiple of 86?
False
Is 30956593 a multiple of 4?
False
Is 238 a factor of 2328983121?
False
Is 105318035 a multiple of 23?
True
Does 64 divide 348127887?
False
Is 1222 a factor of 7158320806?
True
Is 28934382 a multiple of 77?
False
Does 2 divide 9965716?
True
Is 940 a factor of 397777920?
True
Does 17 divide 98719676?
False
Is 219 a factor of 1833694493?
False
Does 801 divide 3982572?
True
Is 26733442 a multiple of 40?
False
Is 27390670 a multiple of 1186?
True
Is 79 a factor of 790448076?
False
Is 7556835 a multiple of 55?
True
Does 141 divide 6269988?
True
Is 3180553966 a multiple of 46?
False
Is 1198 a factor of 184512366?
True
Is 5 a factor of 36674910?
True
Does 5 divide 32990092?
False
Does 982 divide 20836076?
True
Is 4
|
{
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
}
|
723 F.Supp.2d 11 (2010)
GREATER NEW ORLEANS FAIR HOUSING ACTION CENTER, et al. Plaintiffs,
v.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT and Robin Keegan, Executive Director of the Louisiana Recovery Authority, Defendants.
Civil Action 08-01938(HHK).
United States District Court, District of Columbia.
August 16, 2010.
*12 Danielle Yvette Conley, Wilmer Hale, Jenny R. Yang, Joseph Marc Sellers, Peter Romer-Friedman, Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll, PLLC, Washington, DC, Damon T. Hewitt, Debo P. Adegbile, Renika C. Moore, NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc., New York, NY, for Plaintiffs.
Allen J. Krouse, III, Renee G. Culotta, Suzanne M. Risey, Frilot L.L.C., New Orleans, LA, James D. Todd, Jr., U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
HENRY H. KENNEDY, JR., District Judge.
Before the Court are plaintiffs' "Second Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction" [#62] and the "Motion to Stay Proceedings Pending Appeal" of defendant Robin Keegan, Executive Director of the Louisiana Recovery Authority [#70]. Upon consideration of the motions, the oppositions thereto, and the record of this case, the Court concludes that Keegan's motion should be denied and plaintiffs' motion should be granted.
I
The background of this case is set out in the Court's memorandum opinion explaining the reasons for its denial of plaintiffs' first motion for a temporary restraining order ("TRO") and preliminary injunction. See Greater New Orleans Fair Hous. Action Ctr. v. U.S. Dep't of Hous. and Urban Dev., 723 F.Supp.2d 1, 2-5, 2010 WL 2718164, at *1-2 (July 6, 2010). The Court will not repeat that background here except to briefly summarize that Keegan's agency is tasked with distributing funds appropriated by Congress to individuals whose homes were damaged by Hurricanes Rita and Katrina. Plaintiffs assert that the formula by which she does so under a portion of the program called Option 1 has a discriminatory impact on African-American homeowners in New Orleans, in violation of the Fair Housing Act, 42 U.S.C. § 3601 et seq. After the Court denied plaintiffs' motion for a TRO and preliminary injunction, plaintiffs filed an interlocutory appeal to the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. That appeal is pending. On July 21, 2010, plaintiffs filed a second motion for a TRO, seeking to enjoin Keegan from disbursing initial Road Home Program awards to Option 1 applicants using a formula that takes into account the pre-storm value of an individual's home. Keegan opposes this motion and also seeks a stay of this case pending appellate review.
II
A. Motion to Stay
The Court first addresses Keegan's motion to stay. Keegan seeks a stay because, she asserts, the issues raised in plaintiffs' second motion for a TRO are identical to those now before the D.C. Circuit on appeal. The Court disagrees. Although the two motions are closely related, the second motion seeks different relief than did the *13 first. Accordingly, the D.C. Circuit will review the Court's resolution of whether the broad relief plaintiffs initially sought was warranted; the Court here addresses whether the narrow relief they seek now is appropriate. Therefore, the Court will not stay this case.
B. Second Motion for a TRO and Preliminary Injunction
This court may issue a preliminary injunction only when the movant demonstrates: (1) "a substantial likelihood of success on the merits"; (2) "that it would suffer irreparable injury if the injunction is not granted"; (3) "that an injunction would not substantially injure other interested parties"; and (4) "that the public interest would be furthered by the injunction." Mova Pharm. Corp. v. Shalala, 140 F.3d 1060, 1066 (D.C.Cir.1998) (quoting CityFed Fin. Corp. v. Office of Thrift Supervision, 58 F.3d 738, 746 (D.C.Cir.1995)). "These factors interrelate on a sliding scale and must be balanced against each other." Serono Labs., Inc. v. Shalala, 158 F.3d 1313, 1318 (D.C.Cir.1998).
1. Likelihood of Success on the Merits
The Court explained in its previous opinion that plaintiffs are likely able to make out a prima facie case that the formula used to calculate awards under Option 1 of the Road Home Program violates the Fair Housing Act. See Greater New Orleans, 723 F.Supp.2d at 5, 2010 WL 2718164, at *3. Nevertheless, the Court determined that plaintiffs did not have a likelihood of success on the merits of their case because, under a line of cases expanding upon Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123, 28 S.Ct. 441, 52 L.Ed. 714 (1908), the Court does not have jurisdiction to provide the retroactive reliefspecifically, correction of awards already disbursedplaintiffs ultimately sought. See id. at 6-7, at *4-6. Plaintiffs' current motion, however, only seeks an injunction that would allow them ultimately to obtain the limited relief the Court explained in a Clarification of an earlier order, issued June 4, 2010[#52], it has jurisdiction to provide. Specifically, they ask that Keegan be enjoined from disbursing future, initial Road Home Program awards under Option 1 based on a formula that takes into account the pre-storm value of the applicant's home. In this way, plaintiffs seek to preserve the claims of those individuals who have not yet received awards. Keegan disputes the Court's determination that plaintiffs have submitted evidence sufficient to show that they would likely be able to make out a prima facie case of racially discriminatory impact. But the Court finds no reason to reconsider its ruling as to that issue, especially where Keegan has still provided neither evidence contradicting plaintiffs' contentions nor an explanation of the reason for taking pre-storm home values into account. Because plaintiffs will likely be able to show after discovery that the Option 1 formula is unlawful and in the absence of an impediment to success where plaintiffs ultimately seek only prospective relief, the Court concludes that plaintiffs have a likelihood of prevailing on the merits of their Fair Housing Act claim as to Option 1 awards that have not yet been distributed.
2. Irreparable injury
For the reasons explained in this Court's prior rulings and as referenced above, only individuals who are entitled to but have not yet received initial Option 1 grants may bring suit on the theories plaintiffs advance. As Keegan continues to distribute awards, homeowners who receive them lose their ability to challenge what plaintiffs allege is a racially discriminatory formula. Accordingly, the Court finds that prospective Road Home Program recipients *14 would face irreparable injury were it not to grant the injunction sought.
3. Substantial injury to other parties
The Court acknowledges that granting plaintiffs' motion may delay the distribution of awards to some homeowners, and for that reason, this factor weighs against doing so. The Court notes, however, that plaintiffs seek narrow relieftheir proposed order specifically provides that Keegan "may continue to calculate and disburse grant awards in a manner that does not utilize the pre-storm value of the beneficiary's home as a criterion," Pls.' 2d Mot. for TRO, Proposed Order at 1so the injunction need not delay all Option 1 awards and will not interfere with the administration of any other portion of the Road Home Program.
4. Public interest
As noted in the Court's previous opinion, it is in the public interest to remedy housing discrimination as well as to promptly disburse funds for the purpose of helping those severely harmed by hurricanes that occurred years ago. This factor therefore does not weigh strongly on the side of either party's position.
5. Conclusion
Having weighed the factors that must be considered when determining whether to grant injunctive relief, the Court concludes that it is appropriate to grant the injunction plaintiffs seek here. Plaintiffs are likely to succeed on the merits of their Fair Housing Act claim as to the Option 1 awards not yet disbursed, individuals who have not received awards will suffer irreparable injury to their ability to bring such claims if they receive awards based on the allegedly discriminatory formula, and neither the interests of third parties nor the public interest outweigh the reasons to grant the injunction.
III
For the foregoing reasons, it is this 16th day of August 2010, hereby
ORDERED that Keegan's motion for a stay pending appellate review [#70] is DENIED; and it is further
ORDERED that plaintiffs' motion for a second TRO and preliminary injunction [#62] is GRANTED. Accordingly, Keegan, or any successor officer, is prohibited from disbursing any award under the Road Home Program using the pre-storm value of the home as a criterion for calculating the amount of such award. Under the terms of this order, Keegan may continue to calculate and disburse Road Home Program funds in a manner that does not take into account the pre-storm value of the recipient's home. This injunction shall remain in effect until the Court issues a decision on the merits or orders otherwise.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
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|
380*q**2 - 108864*q + 186624 = 0 for q.
8, 9
Factor h**3/2 + 11*h**2/2 - 21*h.
h*(h - 3)*(h + 14)/2
Find r, given that 2*r**2/9 + 364*r/9 + 362/9 = 0.
-181, -1
Factor -r**3/3 + 68*r**2/3 - 1156*r/3.
-r*(r - 34)**2/3
Factor -j**2/4 + 2385*j/2 - 5688225/4.
-(j - 2385)**2/4
Find f such that 3*f**3/2 - 3*f**2/2 - 15*f/2 - 9/2 = 0.
-1, 3
Let 2*c**4/3 + 2*c**3 - 16*c**2 - 56*c/3 + 32 = 0. Calculate c.
-6, -2, 1, 4
Factor -24*y**4/7 - 1434*y**3/7 - 28440*y**2/7 - 26400*y + 48000/7.
-6*(y + 20)**3*(4*y - 1)/7
Factor -4*y**3 - 4*y**2 + 16*y + 16.
-4*(y - 2)*(y + 1)*(y + 2)
Factor 3*n**5 - 2*n**4 - 4*n**3 + 2*n**2 + n.
n*(n - 1)**2*(n + 1)*(3*n + 1)
Factor 2*t**2/7 + 214*t/7 + 2444/7.
2*(t + 13)*(t + 94)/7
Solve -s**2/10 - 75*s/2 + 1532/5 = 0 for s.
-383, 8
Determine r, given that -r**4/3 + 6*r**2 - 27 = 0.
-3, 3
Let 3*w**3/7 - 81*w**2/7 + 330*w/7 + 144 = 0. Calculate w.
-2, 8, 21
Determine l, given that -2*l**3/5 - 96*l**2/5 + 198*l/5 - 20 = 0.
-50, 1
Suppose 140*o**5 - 402*o**4 + 1956*o**3/7 - 520*o**2/7 + 48*o/7 = 0. What is o?
0, 2/7, 3/10, 2
Let -h**4/7 + 3*h**3 - 19*h**2/7 - 3*h + 20/7 = 0. What is h?
-1, 1, 20
Let -12*s**5 + 261*s**4 - 114*s**3 - 1557*s**2 - 378*s = 0. What is s?
-2, -1/4, 0, 3, 21
Solve -2*x**4/3 + 328*x**3 - 120044*x**2/3 - 81016*x - 122018/3 = 0.
-1, 247
What is k in 2*k**5 + 18*k**4 + 46*k**3 + 22*k**2 - 48*k - 40 = 0?
-5, -2, -1, 1
Factor -3*t**2 - 183*t - 522.
-3*(t + 3)*(t + 58)
Suppose 2*s**2/17 - 6*s/17 + 4/17 = 0. What is s?
1, 2
Factor 4*z**4 + 76*z**3 + 256*z**2 - 336*z.
4*z*(z - 1)*(z + 6)*(z + 14)
Solve 50*h**3/9 + 1240*h**2/9 + 968*h/9 + 64/3 = 0.
-24, -2/5
Factor -x**4/3 - 2*x**3 - 3*x**2.
-x**2*(x + 3)**2/3
Find r, given that -5*r**5 + 5*r**4 + 45*r**3 - 65*r**2 - 40*r + 60 = 0.
-3, -1, 1, 2
Factor -2*l**5/11 - 10*l**4/11 - 6*l**3/11 + 18*l**2/11.
-2*l**2*(l - 1)*(l + 3)**2/11
Factor -2*a**4/15 + 2*a**3/15 + 2*a**2/3 + 2*a/5.
-2*a*(a - 3)*(a + 1)**2/15
Factor y**5 - 19*y**4/7 + 15*y**3/7 - y**2/7 - 2*y/7.
y*(y - 1)**3*(7*y + 2)/7
Factor -x**3/4 + 255*x**2/4 - 16383*x/4 + 16129/4.
-(x - 127)**2*(x - 1)/4
Find x, given that x**2/7 - 16*x/7 + 64/7 = 0.
8
Determine t, given that t**2 - 9 = 0.
-3, 3
Factor -x**5/3 + 2*x**4 + 5*x**3 + 8*x**2/3.
-x**2*(x - 8)*(x + 1)**2/3
Factor r**4/3 + 22*r**3 + 428*r**2/3 + 298*r + 177.
(r + 1)*(r + 3)**2*(r + 59)/3
Let -2*l**2 - 601*l/7 + 43/7 = 0. Calculate l.
-43, 1/14
Determine n, given that -3*n**5/2 + 183*n**4/2 + 645*n**3/2 - 4515*n**2/2 + 3189*n - 1344 = 0.
-7, 1, 2, 64
Determine j so that -5*j**2 + 5380*j - 1447220 = 0.
538
Determine o, given that -o**5 - 4*o**4 + 6*o**3 + 36*o**2 + 27*o = 0.
-3, -1, 0, 3
Factor -5*n**3 - 20565*n**2 - 21156240*n - 21135680.
-5*(n + 1)*(n + 2056)**2
Suppose -48*s**4 - 168*s**3 + 117*s**2 + 87*s + 12 = 0. Calculate s.
-4, -1/4, 1
Suppose f**2 + 22*f + 121 = 0. Calculate f.
-11
What is h in -2*h**4/5 - 4*h**3/5 + 2*h**2 + 12*h/5 = 0?
-3, -1, 0, 2
Suppose 2*j**2/7 + 20*j/7 + 48/7 = 0. Calculate j.
-6, -4
Factor -1770125*m**5/6 + 1091825*m**4/3 - 460780*m**3/3 + 71224*m**2/3 - 2024*m/3 + 16/3.
-(5*m - 2)**3*(119*m - 2)**2/6
Factor 2*l**4/3 - 6*l**3 + 16*l**2/3.
2*l**2*(l - 8)*(l - 1)/3
Solve -10*x**2/11 - 1272*x/11 - 254/11 = 0 for x.
-127, -1/5
Factor -2*y**2/7 - 208*y/7.
-2*y*(y + 104)/7
Factor 2*a**4 + 28*a**3 + 78*a**2 - 108*a.
2*a*(a - 1)*(a + 6)*(a + 9)
Suppose 4*j**3/7 + 9600*j**2/7 + 5760000*j/7 = 0. What is j?
-1200, 0
Determine j, given that -5*j**5 - 5*j**4 + 280*j**3 = 0.
-8, 0, 7
Find g, given that g**3/2 + 7*g**2/2 - 22*g = 0.
-11, 0, 4
Solve -125*d**5 - 375*d**4 - 155*d**3 + 315*d**2 + 280*d + 60 = 0.
-2, -1, -3/5, -2/5, 1
Let 20*s**5 - 48*s**4 - 4*s**3 + 48*s**2 - 16*s = 0. Calculate s.
-1, 0, 2/5, 1, 2
Solve -i**4/4 - 9*i**3/2 - 31*i**2/4 + 9*i/2 + 8 = 0 for i.
-16, -2, -1, 1
What is u in u**4/4 + 25*u**3/2 - 3*u**2/4 - 37*u + 25 = 0?
-50, -2, 1
Suppose 4*z**5/7 + 36*z**4/7 + 116*z**3/7 + 172*z**2/7 + 120*z/7 + 32/7 = 0. What is z?
-4, -2, -1
Suppose -2*w**2/9 + 130*w/9 + 44/3 = 0. What is w?
-1, 66
Suppose n**5/3 + 4*n**4/3 + 2*n**3/3 - 4*n**2/3 - n = 0. What is n?
-3, -1, 0, 1
Find b such that 8*b**4/11 - 714*b**3/11 - 558*b**2/11 + 1624*b/11 - 360/11 = 0.
-2, 1/4, 1, 90
Suppose t**3 - 4*t**2 + 4*t = 0. What is t?
0, 2
Factor q**2 + 4*q - 357.
(q - 17)*(q + 21)
Factor 13*f**4/4 + 29*f**3/2 + 6*f**2.
f**2*(f + 4)*(13*f + 6)/4
Solve 2*h**5/13 - 16*h**4/13 + 44*h**3/13 - 56*h**2/13 + 34*h/13 - 8/13 = 0.
1, 4
Find x, given that 5*x**2 + 105*x - 360 = 0.
-24, 3
Factor -15*t**3/7 - 3*t**2/7 + 99*t/7 - 81/7.
-3*(t - 1)*(t + 3)*(5*t - 9)/7
Factor -6*r**2/11 - 4486*r/11 + 136.
-2*(r + 748)*(3*r - 1)/11
Suppose -v**3 + 176*v**2 + 4*v - 704 = 0. What is v?
-2, 2, 176
Factor 2*z**2/3 + 16*z - 50/3.
2*(z - 1)*(z + 25)/3
Find i such that -2*i**5 + 143*i**4/2 - 698*i**3 + 1045*i**2 - 272*i - 289/2 = 0.
-1/4, 1, 17
Factor 2*y**2/3 + 700*y/3 - 3550/3.
2*(y - 5)*(y + 355)/3
Determine i so that 33*i**5/5 - 27*i**4 + 177*i**3/5 - 81*i**2/5 + 6*i/5 = 0.
0, 1/11, 1, 2
Let -2*c**4/11 - 32*c**3/11 - 48*c**2/11 + 640*c/11 - 800/11 = 0. What is c?
-10, 2
Factor -j**4/4 + j**3/4 + j**2/2.
-j**2*(j - 2)*(j + 1)/4
Determine h so that 11*h**3 - 46*h**2 - 124*h + 24 = 0.
-2, 2/11, 6
Find g such that 18*g**4 - 282*g**3 + 182*g**2 - 30*g = 0.
0, 1/3, 15
Suppose 98*v**5/5 - 56*v**4/5 + 8*v**3/5 = 0. Calculate v.
0, 2/7
Solve -7*j**3/4 - 3*j**2/4 + 7*j/4 + 3/4 = 0 for j.
-1, -3/7, 1
Factor v**3/7 - 22*v**2 - 311*v/7 - 156/7.
(v - 156)*(v + 1)**2/7
Factor 6*a**3/11 + 186*a**2/11.
6*a**2*(a + 31)/11
Factor u**4/5 - 28*u**3/5 + 36*u**2/5 + 2592*u/5.
u*(u - 18)**2*(u + 8)/5
Factor -5*s**2/4 - 3135*s/2 - 1965645/4.
-5*(s + 627)**2/4
Factor -4*t**2/5 + 948*t/5 + 1912/5.
-4*(t - 239)*(t + 2)/5
Solve j**5/2 - 10*j**4 - 47*j**3/2 + 33*j**2 = 0.
-3, 0, 1, 22
Determine j, given that -4*j**3 - 4*j**2 + 4*j + 4 = 0.
-1, 1
Determine u, given that 2*u**4/3 - 4*u**3 + 22*u**2/3 - 4*u = 0.
0, 1, 2, 3
Find d such that -2*d**3/13 - 18*d**2/13 + 9072*d/13 - 209952/13 = 0.
-81, 36
Factor j**2 - 120*j + 119.
(j - 119)*(j - 1)
Find u, given that -2*u**4 + 26*u**3 - 122*u**2 + 246*u - 180 = 0.
2, 3, 5
Solve 225*f**4 - 30*f**3 - 224*f**2 + 30*f - 1 = 0.
-1, 1/15, 1
Factor 25*a**4 + 390*a**3 + 2025*a**2 + 3780*a + 1620.
5*(a + 3)*(a + 6)**2*(5*a + 3)
Factor 2*a**3 + 6*a**2 - 8*a - 24.
2*(a - 2)*(a + 2)*(a + 3)
Factor x**3 - 57*x**2 - 180*x.
x*(x - 60)*(x + 3)
Let 15*w**4/4 + 57*w**3/2 + 147*w**2/4 + 3*w - 9 = 0. Calculate w.
-6, -1, 2/5
Factor -5*f**5 + 515*f**4 + 2110*f**3 + 3190*f**2 + 2135*f + 535.
-5*(f - 107)*(f + 1)**4
Factor 2*v**5/13 + 434*v**4/13 + 31958*v**3/13 + 838510*v**2/13 + 2984272*v/13 + 2863288/13.
2*(v + 2)**2*(v + 71)**3/13
Determine p so that 2*p**5/5 + 184*p**4/5 + 628*p**3 - 54264*p**2/5 - 57222*p/5 = 0.
-51, -1, 0, 11
Solve 4*s**5 + 24*s**4 - 148*s**3 + 136*s**2 + 144*s - 160 = 0 for s.
-10, -1, 1, 2
Find u such that -5*u**4 + 75*u**3 - 180*u**2 - 1280*u + 3840 = 0.
-4, 3, 8
Suppose -3*b**2/7 + 6360*b/7 - 3370800/7 = 0. Calculate b.
1060
Factor -3*l**4/7 - 789*l**3/7 + 2385*l**2/7 - 2391*l/7 + 114.
-3*(l - 1)**3*(l + 266)/7
Factor 4*j**4 + 124*j**3 + 120*j**2.
4*j**2*(j + 1)*(j + 30)
Find r, given that r**5 + 95*r**4 + 278*r**3 + 184*r**2 = 0.
-92, -2, -1, 0
Let 2*m**2/19 - 6*m/19 = 0. What is m?
0, 3
Solve 24*t**2 - 21*t - 3 = 0 for t.
-1/8, 1
Factor -10*n**4/3 - 484*n**3/3 - 1816*n**2/3 - 592*n.
-2*n*(n + 2)**2*(5*n + 222)/3
Let -t**4/3 - 4*t**3 + 77*t**2 + 242*t/3 = 0. What is t?
-22, -1, 0, 11
Determine k, given that k**5/4 + 119*k**4/4 + 105*k**3/4 - 1559*k**2/4 - 1481*k/2 - 354 = 0.
-118, -3, -1, 4
Suppose s**4 + 105*s**3 + 308*s**2 + 204*s = 0. Calculate s.
-102, -2, -1, 0
Let -3*x**4/5 + 27*x**3/5 - 6*x**2/5 - 252*x/5 - 216/5 = 0. Calculate x.
-2, -1, 6
Solve -4*s**4 - 4*s**3 + 12*s**2 + 4*s - 8 = 0.
-2, -1, 1
Find j such that 2*j**4 - 52*j**3 - 8*j**2 + 208*j = 0.
-2, 0, 2, 26
Suppose -2*h**4/11 + 32*h**3/11 - 28*h**2/11 - 32*h/11 + 30/11 = 0. Calculate h.
-1, 1, 15
Solve -v**5/5 + 7*v**4/5 - 8*v**2 + 16*v/5 + 48/5 = 0 for v.
-2, -1, 2, 6
Factor 4*h**2 - 936*h - 5760.
4*(h - 240)*(h + 6)
Factor -2*v**2/11 + 408*v/11 - 808/11.
-2*(v - 202)*(v - 2)/11
Factor b**2/2 - 69*b/2 + 189.
(b - 63)*(b - 6)/2
Factor t**3 + 45*t**2 - 46*t.
t*(t - 1)*(t + 46)
What
|
{
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
}
|
Meet the Elders
Our Elders are the back bone of the church. You may see them on a Sunday undertaking their duties, but behind the scenes a lot goes on! Throughout the week, an Elder is never far from the Church!
Our Elders have a number of ‘functions’, which include…
to see that worship is regularly offered and the sacraments duly administered, and generally to promote the welfare of the congregation;
to ensure pastoral care of the congregation.
to arrange for pulpit supply in a vacancy;
to keep the roll of members and lists of names of adherents and children attached to the congregation.
to be responsible for the institution and oversight of work among children and young people and of all organisations within the congregation;
to call for the election of elders and advise on the number required;
to consider the suitability of any applicant for recognition as a candidate for the ministry
to recommend to the church meeting arrangements for the proper maintenance of buildings and the general oversight of all financial responsibilities of the local church;
to act on behalf of the church meeting and bring concerns to the wider councils of the United Reformed Church
Nick JonesOur Minister
Jim FordChurch Treasurer
Steve ChantlerChurch Secretary
Dave LockChurch Elder
Avril LockChurch Elder
Dave DixsonChurch Elder
Frances O'BrienChurch Elder
Faith HardieChurch Elder
Sheila WadhamsChurch Elder
Jonathan GregsonChurch Elder
Marion BodenChurch Elder
Ray CraigChurch Elder
Sue FletcherChurch Elder
Will BoswellChurch Elder
Jenny SmithChurch Elder
Peter BrownChurch Elder
Dave GwynnChurch Elder
A Prayer
Loving God, guide me now as I seek to find your way for me. Create in me a renewed dedication to your service. Set before me the example of Christ Jesus. Fill me with the wisdom of the Holy Spirit. This I pray, trusting in your grace. Amen
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Sulphurous mud-bath therapy for treatment of chronic low back pain caused by lumbar spine osteoarthritis.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Affordable Modern Glass Vision Console Table
THIS AD HAS EXPIRED ! - The Vision table collection is a timeless masterpiece whose lines can be seen in permanent museum galleries. The classic design is most often used as a console table or sofa back table, but that’s just where Vision begins. The vision includes a slightly smaller sized second table that mirrors the shape of the large size. Affordable modern style glass console tables. This pure clear bent glass table series in an elegant waterfall shape is actually two tables in one.Color: ClearMaterial: GlassDimensions:Small L48 ½" x W12" x H29"Big L51" x W12" x H30"
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
The use of wireless technology from Lectrosonics provided benefits for the recent production of the musical “Gypsy” by the University of Evansville Department of Theatre.
“‘Gypsy’ is a story about vaudeville performers turning to burlesque to make a living,” explains Richard Ingraham, a Cleveland, OH-based free-lance sound designer operating under the name RBI Computers and Audio who was brought in to work with the production. “There’s a strip routine in the show and the main character—Gypsy—had the most revealing part. To make this work, we outfitted the actress with a Lectrosonics SM super-miniature transmitter, which was placed inside her bustier, or bra.
“Fortunately, Lectrosonics offers the RM remote for this transmitter. With its ability to remotely adjust audio input gain, the RF operating frequency, lock/unlock the transmitter’s controls, and sleep mode on/off status, we had a high degree of ‘hands-free’ control, which was essential for this project.
“The RM remote and the SM transmitter’s small size enabled the wireless system to go unnoticed while simultaneously facilitating a considerable amount of adjustment from a distance.”
The wireless system count for the show consisted of six Lectrosonics SM transmitters, six SMD transmitters, and twelve LMa transmitters. On the receiving side of the equation, four Lectrosonics Venue VRMWB receiver mainframes—each fully stocked with six VRS receiver modules (for a 24-channel count)—were deployed.
“In addition to the RM remote and the diminutive size of the SM and SMD transmitters, Lectrosonics sound quality is exceptional,” says Ingraham. “The company’s Digital Hybrid Wireless technology eliminates use of a compandor, which is common to competing wireless systems. The result is higher dynamic range and freedom from sonic artifacts. Similarly, the build quality is terrific. I’m also very fond of the Venue receiver’s battery monitor function that enables you to check how long the transmitter has been on. This handy feature enables you to monitor battery life, and this helped us immensely in terms of dealing with the logistics of ensuring battery longevity throughout the shows.”
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Butachlor is the common name for the active herbicide ingredient 2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide. The preparation and use of this compound to control the growth of undesired plants is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,442,945. Other active herbicide ingredients described in this patent include 2-chloro-2'-tert. butyl-6'-methylacetanilide and 2-chloro-2'-tert. butyl-6'-methyl-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide. U.S. Pat. No. 3,574,746 describes the preparation and use of the active herbicide ingredient N-(2-butoxyethyl)-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-.alpha.-chloroacetami de.
Molinate is the common name for the active herbicide ingredient S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothiolate, whose preparation and use is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,198,786. Benthiocarb is the common name for the active herbicide ingredient S-(4-chlorobenzyl)N,N-diethylthiolcarbamate, whose preparation and use is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,632,332. Butralin is the common name for the active herbicide ingredient N-sec. butyl-4'-tert. butyl-2',6'-dinitroaniline, whose preparation and use is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,672,866.
In the treatment of rice, it is often desirable to use relatively high rates of the active herbicide ingredient to achieve more rapid or more complete control of the undesired grasses which compete with the crop. Such higher rates, however, can create a significant problem because of the increased level of the detrimental herbicidal effect on the rice crop.
The effect of 3-phenacyl phthalide on root geotropism in various plants is discussed in the literature. Tests of this compound on cress and ryegrass are described in Pesticide Science, Vol. 4, pgs. 473-84 (1973).
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Q:
Routing error in devise gem?
I have updates my route.rb like:-
devise_for :authorizes
devise_scope :authorizes do
get '/alogin' => 'devise/sessions#new'
get '/alogout' => 'devise/sessions#destroy'
end
devise_for :hrs
devise_scope :hrs do
get '/hlogin' => 'devise/sessions#new'
get '/hlogout' => 'devise/sessions#destroy'
end
devise_for :employes
devise_scope :employes do
get '/elogin' => 'devise/sessions#new'
get '/elogout' => 'devise/sessions#destroy'
end
ERROR
Could not find devise mapping for path "/alogin". This may happen for two reasons:
1) You forgot to wrap your route inside the scope block. For example: devise_scope :user do get "/some/route" => "some_devise_controller" end
2) You are testing a Devise controller bypassing the router. If so, you can explicitly tell Devise which mapping to use: @request.env["devise.mapping"] = Devise.mappings[:user]`
A:
When you use devise_scope, you should use singular for your model, i.e. :authorize (not :authorizes)
Just try the following code:
devise_for :authorizes
devise_scope :authorize do
get '/alogin' => 'devise/sessions#new'
get '/alogout' => 'devise/sessions#destroy'
end
devise_for :hrs
devise_scope :hr do
get '/hlogin' => 'devise/sessions#new'
get '/hlogout' => 'devise/sessions#destroy'
end
devise_for :employes
devise_scope :employe do
get '/elogin' => 'devise/sessions#new'
get '/elogout' => 'devise/sessions#destroy'
end
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/ {
testcase-data {
overlay-node {
/* test bus */
unittest_test_bus: test-bus {
compatible = "simple-bus";
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
unittest100: test-unittest100 {
compatible = "unittest";
status = "okay";
reg = <100>;
};
unittest101: test-unittest101 {
compatible = "unittest";
status = "disabled";
reg = <101>;
};
unittest0: test-unittest0 {
compatible = "unittest";
status = "disabled";
reg = <0>;
};
unittest1: test-unittest1 {
compatible = "unittest";
status = "okay";
reg = <1>;
};
unittest2: test-unittest2 {
compatible = "unittest";
status = "disabled";
reg = <2>;
};
unittest3: test-unittest3 {
compatible = "unittest";
status = "okay";
reg = <3>;
};
unittest5: test-unittest5 {
compatible = "unittest";
status = "disabled";
reg = <5>;
};
unittest6: test-unittest6 {
compatible = "unittest";
status = "disabled";
reg = <6>;
};
unittest7: test-unittest7 {
compatible = "unittest";
status = "disabled";
reg = <7>;
};
unittest8: test-unittest8 {
compatible = "unittest";
status = "disabled";
reg = <8>;
};
unittest_i2c_test_bus: i2c-test-bus {
compatible = "unittest-i2c-bus";
status = "okay";
reg = <50>;
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
test-unittest12 {
reg = <8>;
compatible = "unittest-i2c-dev";
status = "disabled";
};
test-unittest13 {
reg = <9>;
compatible = "unittest-i2c-dev";
status = "okay";
};
test-unittest14 {
reg = <10>;
compatible = "unittest-i2c-mux";
status = "okay";
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
i2c@0 {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
reg = <0>;
test-mux-dev@20 {
reg = <0x20>;
compatible = "unittest-i2c-dev";
status = "okay";
};
};
};
};
};
};
};
};
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Outside Magazine, May 1995
DispatchesAs NASA flounders, stargazing entrepreneurs look to bring outdoor pursuits to a planet near you. British übermum Alison Hargreaves attempts a female first on Everest. The self-proclaimed world's best ultrarunner tries to prove it at the Western States 100. A record-setting aviator turns Arctic explorer to fly home a downed WWII bomber. Plus: America's premier cycling race returns--shouldn't you be watching?; an unlikely hot-air balloon novice becomes the first to solo the Pacific; a fearless Frenchman hits 111 mph to claim a new mountain-bike speed mark; and more.
The Wild FileDo crocodiles cry? How do you get a star named after you? Why do tornadoes hate trailer parks?
DestinationsAlaska's wild parklands: a guide to tackling the vast, rugged preserves of the limitless Last Frontier. Also, ways to minimize dangers in the Great North and advice on traveling where roads are few. England by narrowboat: a four-mile-an-hour view from the lush inland waterways. Plus: mountain-biking, hiking, and fishing in Maine's Carrabassett Valley; the primordial greenery of northern California's Fern Canyon; working vacations in Borneo with the world's foremost orangutan expert; and more.
ReviewAffordable suspension mountain bikes: seven worthy steeds that will put a little spring in your stroke without putting you in the poorhouse. Easy in, easy out: the best new off-road clipless pedals. Two-wheeler bric-a-brac: accessories for street and trail. The efficient angler: Bridger Mountain's Fishing Pack System. Plus: An in-the-ear amplifier that does for hearing nature what binoculars do for seeing it; Let the Mountains Talk, Let the Rivers Run, an environmental pep talk from David Brower; Moo, a new novel by Jane Smiley; and more.
Plagues at the GateThey are virulent, microscopic menaces, diseases so deadly that they could swiftly destroy our nation's livestock and send the economy into a free fall--which leaves the government with the daunting task of keeping them from our shores. It's a battle being waged across the globe, and in the command center on tiny Plum Island, the folks in the lab coats are on red alert. By Charles Siebert
Big Bass and the Men Who Love ThemTo the anglers who rise before dawn to ply Los Angeles's Castaic Lake, he is the grail in scales, the quickest way to turn a lifelong obsession into a lifelong payday. That's because Sow Belly is soon to be the largest largemouth ever landed--if one of the boys stalking the beast can just figure out where he's hiding. By Brad Wetzler
Newtie, We Hardly Knew YeSurprisingly green as an eager young wonk, he's now making noises that have environmentalists quaking. But could we possibly be looking at a cuddly future with the new Speaker of the House? A nervous assessment. By Ned Martel
Where the Deer and the Presidents PlayEavesdropping at the ranger desks of our national parks, where never is heard a discouraging word--but you might catch a perplexing question or two. By Debra Shore
Night CallsAlong South Africa's Modder River, the last of the red-crested herons filled their lonely world. When it vanished, the father and daughter ghosted the midnights in search of its fleeting song. A short story by Lisa Fugard
Fitness Special: May the Better VO2 Max WinThere is no stronger motivator than sibling rivalry--especially if you're training for a 15-mile race that's 12 weeks away. But what's the best way to prepare? A look at both the high- and low-tech ends of the fitness spectrum, where two very different trainers readied their charges to settle a fraternal score. By Todd and Tom BalfPlus: Expert insight into the Balfs' endurance, strength, nutrition, and psychology. By Sara Corbett and Dana Sullivan
Our Mission
To inspire active participation in the world outside through award-winning coverage of the sports, people, places, adventure, discoveries, health and fitness, gear and apparel, trends and events that make up an active lifestyle.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Native HDCP at nVidia and ATI
Those hoping that the future graphic cards supporting HD-TV (High Definition TV) and being compliant with the HDCP encryption standard would stay easy-to-hack will have to forget about their dreams. Just one after the other, nVidia and ATI announced that they would not stay long with the graphic chipset + HDCP chipset solutions of today and would quickly bring integrated chipsets.
The hopes of seeing one or two hackers finding a way to trick these cards to display full resolution 1080p HD-TV onto a display not including the HDCP interface will have to llok elsewhere. It seems that HDCP will not be circumvented this way (or not for long, if it happens).
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Super Power Chia Bread (gluten-free)
May 22, 2013Angela (Oh She Glows)
by Angela (Oh She Glows) on May 22, 2013
Tomorrow, I’ll be flying from Toronto to Vancouver and then from Vancouver to Portland, on my merry way to the Vida Vegan Conference! I seriously can’t wait. In my typical fashion, I’ve been dealing with a lot of anxiety about this trip, but I’m sure I’ll be having too much fun to even notice it. I mean, come on – it’s Portland – only one of the most vegan friendly cities in the world! I’m looking forward to meeting the wonderful people behind many of the blogs I read each day.
Of course, before all the fun happens the traveling has to take place. If I’m going to be traveling for 9-10 hours, I want to have something exciting to look forward to (and of course I mean healthy, great-tasting food). What is it about being trapped on a plane that makes me so hungry? With just a little preparation, I’ll be feasting like a queen. A good book, music, and in-flight TV never hurts either!
This week I racked my brain to think of a new food to bring on the flights. At first, I thought of my Endurance Crackers, but then I decided they were slightly too delicate for travel. I played around with the recipe and this is what I came up with. I’m happy to say this power bread turned out exactly as I hoped. It’s bursting with chia seeds (1 tablespoon per slice!) and it also happens to be gluten and nut-free, making it friendly for many travelers. Best of all, it’s perfectly sturdy for travel.
Plus, it’s only 5 minutes to prep which is a huge bonus, especially when getting ready for a flight. Just like my Endurance Crackers, you simply dump the ingredients into a bowl and stir in water. After that, I spread it into a 9-inch baking dish and baked it for 25 minutes.
Now this is some quick and easy bread – ready in 30 minutes flat! It disappears just as quickly. Try it with all kinds of toppings. I personally love hummus, avocado, and Herbamare as well as almond butter and strawberry jam.
Super Power Chia Bread
Vegan, gluten-free, oil-free, nut-free, soy-free.
Thick, hearty, and dense – this isn’t your average slice of bread! Packed with 9 grams of protein and over 7 grams of fibre per slice, this bread will keep you going for hours.
1. Preheat oven to 325F and line a 9-inch square pan with two pieces of parchment paper, one going each way.
2. Add rolled oats and buckwheat into a high-speed blender. Blend on highest speed until a fine flour forms.
3. Add all dry ingredients into a large bowl and stir well until combined. Stir in the water until combined. The mixture will be very watery and runny at first, but it will thicken up fairly quick. Scoop it into the pan and spread it out with a spatula as evenly as possible. You can use lightly wet hands to smooth it down if necessary. Sprinkle the bread with Herbamare or fine grain sea salt before going into the oven.
4. Bake at 325F for about 25 minutes, or until firm to the touch. Let cool in the pan for 5 minutes and then lift it out and transfer it to a cooling rack for another 5-10 minutes. Slice and enjoy!
5. This bread keeps for 2-3 days max – any longer and it gets gummy in texture. I suggest freezing it for enduring freshness. I like to toast it straight from the freezer!
Notes: 1) I made a batch without sunflower seeds and it still turned out great. I’m sure you can play around with the seeds (or even add nuts!) and reduce them if desired. 2) A reader successfully made a batch using brown rice flour and quinoa flour- I’m sure you can play around with the flours too.
I hope this bread brightens up your own travels or busts you out of a lunch or breakfast rut. I’d love your feedback on this recipe if you try it out or make other variations.
If you’d like to check out what I’m up to at the conference, you will most likely find me on Instagram documenting my journey. If you are attending the conference, I hope to meet you soon! Please come say hello!
Your slices are so…geometrically perfect. I wish I had these when I used to fly back and forth from TO to Vancouver, they look delicious and travel-friendly! Have a great time at the conference, looking forward to reading your recap :)
I tried a version using all raw buckwheat flour and it turned out, although the buckwheat made it a bit strange in texture (it gets a bit chalky white on top) but otherwise tasted fine! Im sure you could experiment with other flours too.
I successfully made this recipe in my dehydrator…it was amazing…115 degrees for approx 4 hours…have to play with the time a little…could be a little moister…the flavor was incredible tho…great great recipe :)
I am wondering this too as I’m going backpacking for a week. I think the trick is to spread them thinner, and get them really dry so there is no chance of spoilage. More like a cracker than a bread. I’ll let you know how it turns out!
These. Look. Amazing. As a Celiac gal who does a lot of flying, these would be the perfect solution to my travel food woes! I can’t wait to whip these up, especially when the toppings involve avocados and hummus. (Two of the best foods known to man, IMHO.)
This is such a cool recipe. I can’t wait to try it. I seems like it’d be awesome with a little goat cheese and avocado. Tho that totally de-veganizes it. But I’m only a vegetarian so it works for me! Thanks for the recipe!
These look great, I’ll be trying them out very soon. If my kiddos approve, I’ll be sure to bring some along on our flight this summer from Ottawa to Calgary. Some of our current favorite in-flight snacks include apple slices, raisins and Lara bars. Those last snacks are bit expensive, but seeing as I have 3 little people to pack for and take care of, I allow myself this small indulgence :)
I I bought the stuff to make this recipe today and didn’t realize that there were different types of seeds available (roasted, salted, etc). I bought the “raw” pumpkin and sunflower seeds and made a batch of “bread” with them and it turned out great. Angela, thank you for the recipe. It is wonderful and so healthy. I made some mushroom “caviar” to put on it but it would also be good with just about anything. 1/4″ inch makes for chewy bread bars, but I think if I spread it out thinner I could end up with more cracker-like substance.
Angela, this is my first post here because I just found you, but THANK YOU for your recipes!
This recipe looks great! I love chia seeds!
Off topic – I picked up a book a few weeks ago. It is new, just released at the beginning of the year. I remember reading a post on your blog about IBS and various food allergies(?) causing health problems. I thought of you while reading this book. It is titled WomanCode by Alisa Vitti: it is about maintaining a lifestyle balanced around your hormones and monthly cycle through food, exercise, and overall well-being. I highly recommend you read this. It is very informative and it makes sense!
Angela, I’m suuuuper excited to meet you in Portland! Okay, truth be told, I’m also anxious about meeting new people, but I was at the conference last time and it was a total love-Fest, everyone is so nice and fun. Safe travel, gorgeous lady! :)
This bread looks great!! Love pumpkin seeds in any type of bread/cracker. One question though: may I ask what brand of chia seeds you usually buy? I am located in Toronto and have numerous grocery stores around me, but I’ve never shopped for chia seeds before and am not sure what’s the best brand or least expensive! TIA!
I know this is late so it’ll probably not help you much, but I found some of the best prices on chiaseedsdirect.com
They only sell chia seeds & almost always have a good sale going. I bought 12 lbs for USD 41.99 last month :)
So excited that you’ll be at VVC! I am looking forward to meeting the people behind these amazing blogs/recipes!
I am terrible about making food for the plane – I always end up getting icky energy bars. I doubt I’ll get around to making these for VVC – I haven’t even started packing yet (yikes!) – but I am traveling a lot in June and will definitely have to try them out!
What a great snack for plane rides! My favorite food to pack for flights is easily a PB&J. A PB&J with your chia bread would be perfect because it packs such a nutritional punch! I’ll have to make some for my flight to New York this summer :)
This recipe looks so creative and wholesome! I’d like to try it and have most of the ingredients on hand; just wondering if you think the ground chia I have would be acceptable, or if I should wait until I’ve replenished my supply of whole seeds.
Oh Angela this is so exciting! Airplane food sucks and it is certainly not gluten free or vegan. I am really looking forward to making these since I will be traveling in the next couple of months. I just (last night) returned from a week in Europe and I packed an entire box of Larabars to keep in my purse for flights and emergency snacks. They were perfect but I wouldn’t mind something new for my next trip!
I hear you about the anxiety before a trip as well. I finally decided to be kind to myself and went to the doctor hours before my flight. He prescribed meds to help with the anxiety to take as needed. Honestly it was just enough to know I had them in my purse in case I needed them. Looking forward to your posts on Portland!
Safe travels!
Traveling makes me so hungry too! This past week I packed a normal-sized lunch for an international flight, and it didn’t end up being nearly enough – I was still starving afterwards! Probably just the boredom :) This bread looks like just the thing to look forward to!
I cannot wait to make these! They just jumped to the top of my recipe priority list. (The easy recipes always do, haha!) I recently began a gluten-free and vegan diet, so this bread is pretty exciting. Plus, I’m kind of obsessed with chia seeds. Do you think a less savory/slightly sweeter version of this recipe would work? Maybe increase the sweeter to two teaspoons and substitute cinnamon for the herbs? Hmmm.
Thanks so much for that recipe. I’m on a detox right now and it was a lifesaver! I just made it for lunch and it was great. I didn’t have pumpkin seeds, so I doubled the sunflower seeds and it turned out great.
This looks awesome! I’m going to Ireland and Scotland in a few weeks and wanted to find new recipes to try for the trip over. In Denver, our airport has a restaurant that makes awesome lemon hummus that I always get before a flight (as it’s the only real vegan option with protein). They serve it with veggies and pita chips (though they set the pita on the same cutting board with meat) so I ask for extra cucumbers and cornichons instead. I think I’ll make this bread and use it to dip in the hummus this time! I also hate to admit to this, but my favorite snack to eat while flying is gummy bears (they make vegan ones sweetened with agave but it’s still sugar). It’s the only time I really eat them but they’re just so good!
Just made this delish bread – yum! Next time I’m going to try sreading it out into a circle (slightly thinner) and bake it on a pizza stone so it’s more like a cracker/pizza crust….will keep you posted…
I just wanted to say how much I appreciate your candid mentioning of anxiety. When I first started struggling with anxiety, the shame I felt about it was almost as bad as the issue itself. Its so helpful and heartening to me to see a positive role model like yourself putting it out there that its something you deal with from time to time, and it makes me feel much less alone! I also think its brave of you.
Have an amazing time at the conference Ange!! I can’t wait to hear all about it and I’m sure it’ll be a wonderful experience. Great job on this recipe. I’m addicted to avocado right now so that sounds like the perfect topper! :)
This looks like some seriously healthy, good-for-you bread! I need to work this into the lineup! I’ve been into chia seeds again after not using them for 3-4 yrs..I dont know why, I just sort of forgot about them. This would be the perfect use for them!
Angela, I’ve been following your blog for over a year now…and I’ve made many of your recipes…always a success (and I am a tough critic of recipes!). I’m going on a cruise tomorrow and I made the last minute energy bars, the gluten fee crackers, the happy trails adventure cookies and the endurance crackers. I had to comment when I read your entry about the crackers being too fragile for travel. I just layered them and the other crackers in a ziplock container and they look like they’ll be fine! My motheris gluten free and she is going to love all the snacks. Thanks again for making such a great blog with perfect recipes and great photography! Bon voyage!!
I just made this bread but substituted cinnamon for the Herbs and added in some organic dried cranberries and a few chopped dates. SO GOOD!! Making it a sweeter version limits my possibilities for toppings, but I didn’t have any oregano or thyme on hand. The bread is absolutely delicious with almond butter.
These look amazing! I will be heading to a camping road trip this weekend and can’t wait to make them. Also, welcome to Portland! I’m from here and am vegan but didn’t even know about the conference, so will look it up! I am so inspired by you! Thanks for all you do!
Hello! I just made this bread and it taste delish but had a question about the mixture. Once you’ve added the water is the mixture supposed to be really runny? As in really, really runny? I decided to thicken it up with chickpea flour and cornstarch just in case I’d done something wrong, and it still came out nice and tasty!
Hey Laura, it is runny at first and then it thickens up quickly from the chia seeds. I will clarify this in the recipe – either way it will turn out! Thanks for trying it and letting me know how it went!
Just made some of your endurance crackers (again!) yesterday as they are our favorite crackers to have with hummus. We had a long flight to Mexico this winter and so I looked up some ideas for food I could make ahead and take on the plane with us. I made your endurance crackers, hummus, rice and lentil salad, a bowl of chopped up artichoke hearts, roasted red peppers and sun-dried tomatoes, a bag of cashews and raisins, and of course a bar of dark chocolate. It would have been plenty to get last us to Mexico, but we missed our connecting flight and had to stay in Houston over night. :(
This looks amazing! I only wish it had been posted 2 weeks earlier- as I just got home from my travels- and after a few flights with airplane food, this would’ve been the most amazing thing to have EVER! Definitely bookmarking it for the next time I’m flying somewhere.
Yumm! This was such a quick and easy recipe the kids decided to make it for their afternoon snack. They omitted the savory seasonings and then topped the finished product with a smear of fresh honey. Huge hit. Thank you!
Looks perfect! Love the idea to include chia in the bread. We made some raw crackers the other day and loved them. Can´t wait t make new versions and this was the perfect inspiration! So thank you :) I love to pack dates and nuts. Take almost no space and filled with energy.
Just made a batch and had it with my husband’s homemade hummus… Yum! I love every recipe I’ve ever tried of yours! I just started following you a few months ago, but I’ve already tried a dozen or so recipes… Not including my face that I’ve made several times already! Keep up the good work and good luck at your conference in Portland!
Hehe my friends from Vancouver just went to Portland on a bachelorette weekend. They went out in dresses at night and people kept asking them “You girls going to prom?” So anticipate the casual wear, I guess? But I really want to check out that city, it honestly does sound amazing!
Have fun on your trip! Since you are into being healthy, remember that you can opt out of the airport body scanners in the States and prevent unnecessary exposure to radiation. Canada does not use scanners that use radiation (the radiation ones have two walls). Microwaving food isn’t that good for you so why would you offer to microwave yourself?! Stay safe & ask for an alternative screening in the States. :)
Just a question for anyone who might have the answer, tried googling but can’t seem to find it. I know if you are going to eat raw nuts/seeds you should soak them first in order for proper digestion…does this still hold true if you are going to be cooking them or does cooking them remove the enzyme inhibitors like soaking does? Hope this isn’t a silly question:) Thank you in advance!
Wow. I just made this. I’ve been experimenting with gluten free recipes for a friend who is controlling a thyroid issue with diet (so far it’s working). This is delicious!
I did not have garlic or onion powder, so I picked a baby garlic from the garden and a couple Egyptian Walking Onion leaves and ran them through my Vitamix blender with the water. I also used honey instead of sugar (not vegan, but better for people than sugar, locally grown, and the sugar industry abuses its workers).
I just got some locally grown buckwheat flour a couple weeks ago and have been looking for things to make with it. So I scored on that count as well.
I was too lazy to grind up my oats, so I used spelt flour and buckwheat flour. Technically not okay for Celiacs, I think (spelt), but it’s not a concern for me. My husband and I both like this bread a lot with guacamole. I’ll be playing with it, making variations for sure! Thanks.
Just wondering what brand of chia seeds you use as I haven’t been able to find one that doesn’t say “may contain peanuts”. My son is severely allergic and I’d love to be able to make these! They look great. Thanks.
This looks like a must-try! We’re traveling to Vancouver next month, from Chicago, with our 20-month-old, so I’m definitely trying to figure out how many non-messy healthy snacks I can cram in to a carry-on!
Wow this looks like a perfect savory snack! A nice switch from sweet granola bars. I do love chia seeds, but on my budget they can become very expensive. Would this work if I reduced the chia to 1/4 cup and added more (cheaper) seeds? Either more sunflowr or pumpkin, or I was thinking maybe even some sesame seeds. And with this change, would the amount of water need to be reduced? Thanks for the help! Great recipe :)
I tried this recipe over the weekend, but I left out the seeds completely. It looked good when it came out of the oven, but when I sliced into it later, it had a rather gummy texture. I’m guessing that’s not how it was supposed to be (?) I might give it another go, and this time follow the instructions properly. ;)
Hi Angela. I did use all of the chia seeds called for. In thinking it over, though, it is true that seeds/nuts absorb liquid too (even though not nearly as much as chia or flax). So, leaving out a full cup was probably much more of a problem than I realized at the time. Now I really want to try it again with the sunflower and pumpkin seeds. :)
Oh, these are SO good and SOOO quick and easy! I made them last night and used 1/4 cup sunflower seeds. After mixing them up I realized I didn’t have parchment paper or the pan I needed (ha!) so I put my Silpat on a baking sheet and spread the dough out (approximately 1/2″ thick) and baked for 25 minutes. They turned out perfectly delicious!
Hi Angela! I see that the recipe calls for 1/2 cup oats that gets ground to flour. I have a package of oat flour and am wondering how much of that I could use so that I don’t have to grind my own. I looked through the comments and didn’t seen anyone already mention this. I can’t wait to make this, looks good!
I just made this bread to relax as being in the kitchen on a boring, rainy night makes me smile. I also couldn’t wait to try this recipe out! I have one question….have you tried toasting it? I plan on taking a slice to school with me tomorrow, but I don’t know whether I should leave it as is or try toasting it. What do you think?
BTW, for anyone wary of the make-your-own flours, I just ground mine up in a spice blender and it worked like magic! :)
I cannot wait to try this bread as I am already a fan of the crackers ( and so are allof my friends that I have made them for).
Do you know how much flour 1/2 cup of oats makes? i have some already ground oat flour I would like to use up first!
Made these today and they are really good. Instead of soft (bread like), I would like to try to get them more crunchy like crackers. Do you think if I put them in a slow oven for awhile they might crisp up? (I’m thinking they would taste like Dr. Kracker..)
I tried this with all purpose GF flour and buckwheat flour and the rest of the ingredients the same…came out great! I also tried a batch subbing slivered almonds for pepitas (since I ran out of pepitas) …and sprinkled some Nutritional yeast on top w/ salt before baking. Also awesome. Am thinking fennel seeds would be a nice topping too…What about a sweeter version with cinnamon and cardamom and cashews and raisins and coconut (topped with grilled pineapple)? The possibilities really are endless-I think the key is picking ingredients that won’t sink to the bottom of the batter and that don’t hold too much more water than the original ingredients….thank you so much for the inspiration!
Thank you so much for this recipe! It was so amazing and turned out great! I was out of parchment paper, and afraid that it would stick – but it didn’t. I just might stop buying bread completely… this was this that easy, quick, healthy and delicious!
I made this on Wednesday and WOW…it is AWESOME! Thanks for the great recipe!! I made your spicy rainbow rice and bean salad for dinner last night and it was pretty awesome too. I am sold for when the cookbook comes out! :)
Hi Angela, I have been reading your blog for a while and always find it very inspiring.
I can’t eat oates, so tried making the bread with 1/2 cup buckwheat flour and 1/4 cup coconut flour (and garden-fresh herbs and garlic!). I also baked it very thin on a cookie tray to get more of a crispy cracker which I am hoping will last out the week for snacks. Maybe. If I don’t eat it all in one sitting ;) It turned out great. Thank you!
I made this using chickpea flour, quinoa flour, and lentil flour. I added in a little bit of nutritional yeast and accidentally forgot the sugar. I sprinkled more nutritional yeast and a tiny bit of salt on top. Aside from those modifications, I followed the recipe as written.
The bread turned out fantastic! I’d never really heard of using lentil flour, but I decided to throw some lentils in my Magic Bullet and see what happened. Delicious and nutritious bread is what happened!!
I topped mine with a black bean hummus-type spread and have had to make myself stop eating it all! Thanks for the wonderful recipe!
Just made it today with rye instead if oats, without pumpkin seeds (didn’t have sny) and with a few extra seasonings including karaway seeds. This bread is amazing! And there is no clean-up! I am sold. I will be making a new one right before my upcoming long flight later this week! Thanks so much for such a great recipe!
You are right – it is totally addictive. I can’t stop :) But it is sooooo good. I also toasted it today and it tasted gorgeous. Thanks again! I am also working hard on not focusing on calories so haven’t even looked at the nutritional info – the important thing is that it’s good for you.
Just made this.. Subbed the oats with ground flax and left out the sunflower seed. Still tastes pretty amazing though.. I’m thinking one could add a bit of shredded zucchini to give it some more humidity.. I think I’ll try next time and report back…
Anyways, thank you very much for this wonderful recipe Angela.
Nora
Tried drying the cooked bread in a 250D oven for about a 1/2 hour. They did crisp up nicely like crackers, but by the next day they were kind of chewy and tough(but still good!). I’d say, unless you are serving the crackers right away, stick with the original cooking time…
HI Angela,
I’m new to the world of gluten free and vegan, just around 6 months now GF & vegan….and find it pretty challenging at times. These are a delight! It took 5 minutes to measure and mix…then voila! Delicious and hearty. I’ll be packing these for work the next couple of days. Thanks for the inspiration and creative recipes!
Thanks for a great recipe! I just made these with ground quinoa instead of the sunflower seeds, and 1/4 of a cup chia seeds & 1/4 of a cup ground flaxseeds instead of 1/2 a cup chia. (Chia is a bit expensive for me!!) The bit I snuck while slicing was really tasty, now to wait for trying them cold.
Thanks again :)
Hi Nadia, It could…but I’m not positive. I found the baked version to get gummy after a few days, so I would def. try dehydrating before your trip to test it out first. Let me know how it goes if you try it! Also, I’m sure if you got most of the water out it would avoid the gummy factor.
Hi:
Looks great and easy too. I’m not a huge fan of savoury breads, but love sweet ones. I was wondering about switching the spices for cinnamon, stevia and perhaps raisins in place of the sunflower seeds? Would that affect the baking time or or amounts of other ingredients, do you think?
I love this recipe!!! Love the ingredients; love the result. I added a bit of baking powder and didn’t have any onion powder, but otherwise I followed it just as written. It was great for a sandwich with avocado and tomato. Even my two year old loved it. I can’t wait to play with it for different flavors. Thank you for the fabulous base recipe and idea.
Thank you so much for this recipe, it is flawless and fantastic. I made another batch tonight, but split it into two tart pans (1 cup of batter each) flattened it out, and baked for only 14 minutes. Then topped with homemade garlic hummus, veggies (peppers, onions, cauliflower, artichoke hearts) from the fridge and broiled it 5-7 minutes, until browned. My 9 year old daughter calls it Hummus Pizza.
I just have to say that this recipe is by far my favourite. Not only is it easy to make but it is so delicious and taste good with all the toppings you suggested. My only problem…….I cannot stop eating it!!! Thanks for an awesome recipe and website. Love your recipes!!!
Thenk you so much for this recipe! I made it this morning following your recipe precisely, and it turned out delicious! My husband and I both teach fitness classes, so these will be the ideal non-sweet energy boost we often need between classes.
I just found your blog, jumped up, made the Super Power Chia Bread, read “your story”, took the bread out . . . and am waiting for it to cool . . . . ! Want to eat it NOW. LOL. I am diabetic and have just given up wheat – so happy to find your blog and also happy for you that your life is now in balance. *bless*
Update . . . next morning . . . Angela, I would not have believed it but when my other half came home last night he scoffed several slices of the Super Chia bread!! He loved it. It goes without saying that I loved it too. *swoon* This morning I had Chia pudding with four prunes and a touch of (real) vanilla essence soaked overnight in soy milk and warmed through. Thank you for these marvellous recipes, Angela. I think Chia is my new best friend. Now, if I could just convince the boy to give up wheat. . .
I was so excited to make this recipe and finally got around to it tonight. While the flavours and texture of the bread are delicious, my bread actually stuck to the parchment paper. Nothing I couldn’t salvage, but just wondering if you might know why? I followed the recipe, but am wondering if maybe my oven is too hot or if I should have sprayed the parchment with olive oil beforehand. Any tips would be appreciated.
I just made this bread last night and I am LOVING it! I gave up white, wheat flour after my weight loss surgery and I sometimes miss bread and this really hit the spot. I put a little avocado with veggies on it and I was in heaven! This is a staple in my kitchen from now on.
I always make my own gluten free bread (only because the ones at the grocery store are too expensive). It was time to make another loaf, but I couldn’t find a new recipe that I wanted to make and didn’t feel like spending all the time on making bread. I decided to go simple and make this bread and I’m glad that I did. It has a wonderful texture and it’s full of flavor. I’ll definitely be making it again. However, I didn’t really like the texture of the pumpkin seeds. Would it still work to grind them up before adding? Thanks for the wonderful recipe!
This recipe rules! I modified it a little bit. Added some hemp hearts and dehydrated it. I’ve been wanting to make raw bread for awhile but had no idea where to start! This was really easy, and tastes delicious. Thanks so much! Also, your site is amazing! I always enjoy looking around for new recipes to try :)
I ADORE your blog! This recipe is actually amazing, I LOVED it when I made it for my trip to the states to shoot a wedding last weekend! I was wondering if you had made a sweeter version? I was thinking of replacing the spices with cinnamon & nutmeg, and throwing in some raisins. Do you think that would work? Thanks so much!
Hey Jessica! So glad you enjoy it so much :) I havent tried a sweet version (yet!), but I think a reader left a comment recently and mentioned trying it (and liking it). I would give a quick check through the comments if you are interested. I think she mentioned using cinnamon too. When I try it out, I’ll probably sub 25% of the water for maple syrup and see how that is. Probably 1 teaspoon cinnamon or a bit less. Anyway, have fun with it and let me know how it goes!
O-M-G!! Just made these and they are DELISH!! Mine didn’t turn out as pretty as yours but they taste amazing! I added 1/4 cup sun-dried tomatoes and didn’t have any seeds so used nuts in place of. I will be making more of these for my upcoming trip on Tuesday! Thank you, thank you, thank you!
I made this using oat flour, buckwheat flour, cumin seeds instead of oregano, ground coriander instead of thyme, roasted garlic instead of the powders, added flax seeds, buttered the pan instead of parchment (it came out fine anyway) and then made skinny slices like little wands – put it in a 450 degree oven for 20 or so minutes until everything was dried out and toasty. The second time I made a double batch – now I can’t leave it alone!!!
I just made a sweet version of these by omitting the onion, garlic and herbs and by adding an extra 1/2 tsp of sugar, approx. a tsp of cinnamon and approx. a tsp of vanilla. They are super yummy and will be perfect for my breakfast sandwich of almond butter and bananas.
I have made this bread only twice with some modifications but it has always turned out delicious. First time I did not have chia so I used 2 tbsp of ground flax seed and also I skipped the onion and thyme and added 1 tsp of ground cumin (I am from the Czech Republic and our traditional bread is made with cumin, that´s how I got the idea :) and it was really good.
The second time I wanted “the real bread” taste and no spices (I want to put some sweet spread on it:) so I used acorn flour instead of the buckwheat and only salt and sugar and it ended up just delicious better that any store bought flat bread, even my picky Italian boyfriend liked it ;). It will now be a real staple in our kitchen.
Hey Gabriela, Thank you so much for sharing your trials with us! A few others have had success with sweet versions (and many like cinnamon added in too). I love how versatile it is and we make it here once a week now. Anyway, so glad you enjoy it too!
May I ask if you bake this bread at 325 in a glass or metal pan? And have you used a convection oven for this bread? I am wondering if there needs to be time or temperature adjustments made for using a glass pan and or convection oven? Thank you! Loving your recipes!
Hi Karen, I use a metal square pan (sometimes I spread out a double batch on a baking sheet too!) and I don’t use convection. It’s very versatile though so I’m sure it will work out. Just keep an eye on it and when it’s just firm remove it from the oven.
I made these last night and they are sooo good :) perfect with avocado on top or nut butter or plain! How do you come up with these recipes? You’re definitely my favorite blogger :) looking forward to your book!
Hi, even I am not vegan, I like to eat during the weak at least two days without meat.
I prepared the oil free chocolate , zucchini walnut muffins and the spice lentil kale soup and they were delicious, thank you! I please I am trying to buy chia seeds but I read about the importance of the quality.. Which brand do you recommend me? I was looking in Whole food and no clue which to buy. Thank you!
Angela– I recently found your blog and I love it! I made this bread today as well as your “perfect” veggie burgers. Both came out amazing– really fantastic textures and taste. I used 1/2 cup buckwheat flour and 1/4 cup whole wheat flour for the bread and it came out great. I also took your tips on freezing veggie burgers and have 5 in the freezer now for quick meals later! Thanks so much for your blog and your great recipes, I’ll definitely be making more of them very soon!
I have made this bread several times – it is now a staple in my rotation! My daughter loves it even more she has named it ‘elvish bread’. I have to be sure I have a batch available for her when she comes to visit.
I’ve made several variations using almond flour, coconut flour, garbanzo bean flour, I like to vary the herbs as well, but adding some rosemary is my favorite.
Thanks for another great recipe and another bonding moment for this mom and her daughter!
Dear Angela,
First of all, I would like to thank you for this amazing recipe! I tried it last week and since then I made it 3 times already (2 times as written, which is new for me;). We were traveling last weekend and these were perfect snacks/breads to take with us for our long car trip. No one has mentioned this yet, but they also help bowel movements if there are any troubles with constipation (I apologize to report it here, but it works wonders:).
As I mentioned above, I always change recipes, even the healthy ones, to make them healthier. This recipe does not require that. It is healthy, really healthy, without any changes. Also, it is versatile enough to try out different ingredients. I loved the “savory” version with my avocado and olives in the morning, but I wanted to try a “sweet” version with my nut butters. I kept the flour, chia, and seed ratios the same, but I used mix of quinoa and buckwheat flours, I added hemp seeds and zante currants instead of seeds, and I used cinnamon, ginger, all spice, nutmeg and cloves (gingerbread spices) instead of garlic and onion powders. The end result was amazing! I thought about adding a tablespoon of sweetener, but I did not and it really did not need it. All these warming spices and currants made it sweet enough to be eaten as a soft gingerbread cookie. I wanted to share this “sweet” combination with you since you asked for our experience, but seriously I cannot thank you enough for the recipe. It will be my to go recipe for healthy “flat bread”!
All the best,
I love this recipe……….I changed a few things; I didn’t really like the oregano, so I omitted that and used rosemary instead and some herbs de provence; also I used chopped walnuts in place of 1/2 of the pumpkin deeds. I just liked the taste better….I’ve made it three times and I thank you so much for the recipe.
This bread is SO wonderful. Thank you, thank you, for sharing the recipe! I made my second batch today and I absolutely love it. I freeze it in individual portions, then toast in my toaster oven with nut butter (cashew butter this week) on top. Marvelous!
LOVE THESE! Made them several times, customizing to my mood. Once left out garlic/onion powders for a more neutral taste. Once subbed coconut flour for the buckwheat flour. My fav tweak is to split the 1/2 cup pumpkin seeds into 1/4 cup pumpkin seeds & 1/4 cup sesame seeds. Thanks Angela for an awesome recipe!
This looks so great! For whatever reason, for all the other goodies I’ve whipped us, I just haven’t tried any homemade breads (vegan, dehydrated or otherwise) yet (intimidation, maybe?). Anyway, I can’t wait to give this a try- but I’m wondering if you use the special “dry blade” container with your Vitamix? I’ve used the regular one to gently process oat flour, but learned it easily becomes pasty and sticks all in the bottom if you’re not careful, since it pulls the flour down to blend, instead up pushing it up to grind. Any tips? Thank you! Every day I see one of your posts in my inbox I get excited and can’t wait to see what you come up with next.
Wow, this bread turned out so much better than I expected! These are so delicious. The flavor was savory, hearty, and quite satisfying. It’s a perfect snack on its own, but also paired well with my husband’s homemade hummus. I tried toasting it straight from the freezer like you suggested and it turned out well. I think I prefer it straight from the fridge though!
I cut the bread into 4 pieces, then sliced each piece horizontally, and made a grilled cheese sandwich, but first turn the bread inside out……..so you grill the inside part instead of the outside…….add great cheese and whatever you like on a grilled cheese……..don’t forget some coconut oil spray on the pan or the bread……..so delicious!!!
I am psyched to find this recipe! I was actually searching for seed bread, like Dave makes in the grocery store :) Previously, I have made your endurance cracker recipe many times, and dehydrated those, Fantastic! I tweaked the recipe a little, subtracted the onion, added soy and ginger and they’re to die for. My neighbor has a huge issue with onions, so I try to avoid those.
Anyway, so glad to see that others have successfully dehyrated this recipe, but I might try baking it since it was the garlic in the crackers that made me want to keep the temps low.
I love this recipe! I personally don’t even bake mine. I did the first time and, of course, it’s great. However, for my personal diet I don’t cook food much, so I have this sandwich raw. Every day w my homemade nut butter and either organic apricots, dates, or half a banana. My version of a PB&J. happy food for the brain. sustaining. & yum!!
I made a batch of this bread this morning, using sorghum and buckwheat flour, and I really like it. I’m quite surprised at how good it is actually… And I love how easy it is to make! This will be my breakfast for the next while for sure. :)
This looks amazing, although I don’t particularly care for buckwheat. What would you recommend I use to replace it? I know it’s important for the ingredients to stay together for the bread to be… well, bread, so I figured I’d try to find the best substitute. Thanks!
I just tried making these and they are really good. I found the taste of thyme a little bit too strong, so I am going to try them without next time. It was my first time baking with chia seeds and the first time trying something on your site. I’m looking forward to more good recipes!
Love. Love. Love this stuff. I cut it into bread sticks (with a pizza wheel) lay out on a tray and freeze. After they’re frozen I throw them in a ziplock and thaw individually as needed. I put them in the toaster oven and crisp them up making them more cracker-like than bread-like. O.M.G…… This stuff is soooo good. Always spread with hummus but I think I’ll try guac next time I make these. You have absolutely the best vegan/GR recipes, Angela! Thank you for sharing.
I have been making this for a long time, I recently added some dried fruit to it (Mango, Apricot & Blueberries), I omitted the seasonings except for Salt & Sugar, OMG, mind blowing! It is a massive hit. Thanks so much for all your great recipes
I have been wanting to try this recipe for a while, but I am trying to cut back on grains. I decided to try a grain free version and I am pleased to say it worked! I used almond flour in place of oat and coconut flour in place of buckwheat. Then I added dried goji berries and some flaked coconut. I increased the water by about 1/4 cup (since the coconut flour sucks up so much water). And I used blackstrap molasses instead of sugar and spiced it with ginger, cinnamon, and a little turmeric. The bread turned out delicious and holds together pretty nicely. I am taking some on my travels so I will have a healthy and filling gluten and grain free breakfast. What a great recipe Angela!
I make this bread every Monday, and snack on it all week! I love the taste, and the texture, especially with homemade almond butter. Am looking forward to receiving my pre-ordered cookbook next month and ditching all my computer print off copies, now spattered with food! Take care, Angela!
Super yummy!
I added 1/2 teaspoon baking soda and doubled the garlic and onion powders and used dried sage for the herbs. I also added a dash of white pepper and substituted 1/6 cup of the water with 1/6 cup of olive oil.
Next time I am going to try it with zata’ar as a seasoning and add some sesame seeds.
Thanks for the great recipes and inspiration!
I let the dough sit for 15 minutes while I negotiated a treaty between my lego obsessed boys. I think the resting time did the dough good because the water was absorbed even though I didn’t have chia in there.
Sprinkled with more salt before baking. Baked for 25 minutes.
This turned out really nicely – reminiscent of seeded wheat bread!
Hi Angela, just a quick question…
When you say “1/4 cup raw buckwheat groats, ground into a flour “, is it different from buckwheat flour?
Why not just buckwheat flour? (Is it ground too much?)
Thank you :)
Isa
OMG, just made these and I LOVE this recipe! I substituted the chias with flax seeds, left out the pumpkin seeds (didn’t have any) and cut back the water just a bit, and they turned out perfect! Just enjoyed some with banana slices and cinnamon, which may sound a bit weird for a savoury bread but I actually liked the combo! Thank you for a great recipe :)
Hungry again several hours after an early dinner, I looked to this book for something healthy/nutritious and quick to pull together and power me through an evening at my desk.
Enter Super Power Chia Bread: OMG. It is DIVINE. Fabulous flavor, nutty texture, tender, not at all crumbly – and heavenly with a generous smear of homemade butter and a sprinkling of nooch. Omni-turned-vegan-2-weeks-ago husband is marveling at this bread, even on its own/no butter, and I’m positively swooning over it in all its buttered/nooched glory.
I kept re-checking the recipe to see if I were forgetting an ingredient, because there are so few – and how could these nuts and seeds and water turn into anything bread-like?! But it really did come together quickly, and was firm after the 25-min bake, as specified. Need someone to hide the rest from me…. Addictive!
Loving the book! And really enjoying the nutrient-dense recipes, and how fabulously spectacular they can be (oil-free, processed sugar-free, gluten-free).
I made this for the first time last night, and followed the recipe to the letter, except I split the dough in two and I mixed some nutritional yeast in half of it. Both breads turned out really good, but the nutritional yeast one was AWESOME – the ‘cheesiness’ went really well with the savoury herbs in the recipe. I wished I’d made the entire batch with nutritional yeast. Overall the bread turned out really good – it’s incredibly dense and filling but feels super healthy. So far I’ve tried it topped with avocado, coconut oil, and butter (I mean individually, not all at the same time) and all three were delicious. I’m going to try a sweet batch next time, with cinnamon and dried fruit of some sort.
I made this last week but it came out bland and gummy. (Perhaps I undercooked it?) This week I omitted savory seasoning and added cinnamon, nutmeg, blueberries and hazelnuts. I spread it on a cookie sheet so not as thick as well. It is Amazing!
I tried this over the weekend. It looked just like the picture and has an excellent taste. I toasted under the broker and smothered with hummus. I wanted hummus w/mashed avocado and red onion but the avocado was not ripe. Sooo good. This has a cracker-type taste to it. Not the texture because it’s thicker but if you smoothed this out into a bigger pan or cut down the recipe, I’m sure it would be just like a cracker. Excellent, somewhat versitle recipe. –Thank you! –I’m off to try the spelt flat bread next!
These freeze beautifully. I put most of the slices in the freezer over a week ago and they are just like the day I made it. A minute under the broiler for each side and there you go. No gluey taste at all. You do not have to thaw before putting under broiler. Room temp. may have a different effect.
Amazing! Thanks for such an easy recipe… made this today and ate a piece for breakfast with asparagus and smashed avocado with a squeeze of lemon. I used a 9in round cake pan because I just moved and can’t find my 8×8. The round pan worked great! ! I am already thinking this will work out with a sweeter spice mix. Like nutmeg, ,cardamom, & cinnamon!
Hello Angela,
After intending to make this bread for several months I just made my 1st batch. It is a wonderful recipe! I can see how versatile and flexible this recipe will be too.
I have made many of your recipes since I discovered your blog last summer, not only has everything always turned out well but the flavours have always been fresh and unique.
Thanks for all of the great food!
I had just about given up making anything vegan / raw / GF etc that actually tasted nice. This was going to be my last attempt and so I wasn’t expecting much. As I spread it in the tray my doubts grew as the mixture stuck to the spoon, however a change of spoons and it spreqad easily. I still didn’t expect it to taste nice however to my surprise it tastes awesome! I can’t stop eating it! I will definitely be making it again. Thank you so much for this recipe you have made my day
Hi Angela. I just wanted to thank you very much for such a wonderful site! I found your site after looking for something healthy to cook after being diagnosed with diabetes this year. I love how many of your = recipes are low-carb, low sugar, and yet super tasty! I made the quinoa patties, and this chia seed bread many times over. Thanks again for sharing all this. Best of luck with your new baby! xx Asako
This was delicious, thanks so much for the inspiration! I added some baking powder, 1/4 cup almond flour, and subbed Herbs de Provence for oregano. No onion powder, double pumpkin seeds (no sunflower). It baked to a nice fluffy/creamy texture . Maybe not tough enough for travel, but perfectly suited to the Kalamata olive tapenade it met shortly after leaving the oven :)
I always eat oatmeal in the mornings and just recently made a buckwheat/oat bread (which unfortunately didn’t turn out that well) and realized I really don’t like the typical oat taste in a savoury bread. This recipe looks very good though, so I’m willing to try if the oat flavour is masked by the other ingredients…
Hi, I used your recipe for Super Power Chia Bread for a slightly altered version and added a link to your recipe to your post, I hope that’s okay! I absolutely adore your blog, you were part of my inspiration in starting a blog in the first place.
This is a great recipe! Being on a Candida diet I substituted the sugar for stevia. I kept it at 1tsp, and it was just right. I also substituted the oats for 1/4 cup oat bran, 1/4 cup quinoa flour, and 1/8 cup golden flax meal. I did not have any sesame seeds on hand,so I substituted hemp seeds. I did add a little bit more water,not much maybe a couple of table spoons, until I felt the consistency seemed right. So delicious and by far the best “bread” I have had being on this diet. It will be a go to for me from now on. Thank you so much!
Angela, Hubby and I LOVE this bread! It was one of the first recipes I made after becoming a whole-plant vegan last March. I make it every time we take a road trip, and pack hummus and crudités to go with it. That way we are set no matter what kind of food situation we encounter. The only change I make is that I substitute quinoa for the buckwheat, and finish it off with a generous sprinkle of Mrs. Dash Original Salt-Free Seasoning. Thank you so much!
I love this recipe, I have made it several times and served it with different meals and snacks. Most recently, last night :), I served it with “10 spice vegetable soup with vegetable cream”. INCREDIBLE! I also love it with almond butter or avocado.
Your book is really changing the way i do business in the kitchen. The recipes are flavourful, packed with delicious ingredients, and kid friendly. I especially love that “green leafies” are usually on the ingredient list. Have you created any dessert recipes made with kale or spinach?
Just got your book and made these for hubby as he needs to pay more attention to his diet. We are not vegan but I make a lot of vegan and or raw vegan dishes since we are dairy and gluten free… Anyhow point is my kids LOVE these too :-) awesome fast recipes and I had all the ingredients lol thanks so much your book is awesome
I make this recipe ALL THE TIME! Anytime we travel, by car or by air, I have to have this with us. My husband loves to share it with colleagues, and it always gets rave reviews. Thank you for being the BEST!!
Amazing bread! I just made some and it’s fantastic! Thank you so much for this idea, I will make this time and time again. You’re right, it’s perfect for travel! I added Avocado to mine, but the ideas are endless.
Hi! Bought your book recently and LOVE it! Even my husband is amazed at how much he has enjoyed some of the recipes – I think our favourite so far is the sweet potato and black bean Tortillas – they are still yummy even cold the next day too!
Ok – so back to topic ;-) I just made the chia bread and sadly the parchment paper is totally stuck to the underside – the bread tasted like it still needed cooking a little longer so I gave it another 10 mins. I let it cool down but its still stick like glue. I can’t work out what I’m doing wrong as I followed the recipe exactly as instructed. The mixture did sit in the pan for about 15 mins before I put it in the oven – I don’t know if that could have made a difference?
Thank you for your kind words!
mm that is strange – I have never had that happen before! Are you sure it wasn’t WAX paper instead of parchment? Wax sticks like a mofo…lol. If that isn’t the case, then perhaps it was the “sitting” period…I’m not really sure! I hope it works better if you try it again. :)
I’ve made this bread often and love it! I’m just wondering how I can make this a sweeter bread. I’m going to try two tsp maple syrup and some cinnamon in lieu of the garlic/onion combo. Any other ideas?
Did they let u take them into the US? They are usually so strict with food when you get on planes to the States. I’d love to see a post about healthy snacks we can take on the plane when we go to the States that they will not confiscate.
Finally a recipe for a gluten free bread which actually works and doesn’t taste foul. I just made another batch, this time with garlic and onion powder. It smells great and It in the oven now. Thank you.
I recently was given a four tier pizza tin in metal stand for oven.
They are round but I thought ideal for many flatbreads as they have a small lip and the mixture will not slide off!
It would mean triangles but I still think it will become a useful tool and do the batches for the freezer and not waste the expensive fuel. (For me and the environment).
Just wanted say that this recipe is so wonderfully delicious and versatile! My family has been trying to minimize bread in our day to day, so we’ve discovered that this makes a fabulous substitute when we season it and choose add ins to match our mealtime themes. To this end, we’ve experimented successfully with Italian (garlic, sundried tomato, olive) , Greek (olive, onion, lemon basil, feta–you get the idea), Mexican Chile, Indian Masala, and our daily fave, the “bring it on, breakfast blend.” (dried apricot, cranberry, currents, cinnamon, walnut). Hope this helps. Enjoy friends:)
Hi Angela,
Love this recipe. I substituted 1/2 tsp dill for the oregano and thyme. (I also used a pinch of salt since I’m reducing my salt.) Also, I used a 9 inch pie plate since I didn’t have the other size pan. Was great!!!! Thanks,
How many pieces do you cut ? I was wondering how big to cut them to get the 9 grams… I cook for alot of folks with health issues and it really helps to have as much nutritional info as possible.
So GLAD I found this recipe this morning. I used just 1/3 C of the sunflower and pumpkins seeds and used gf flour mix and teff flour instead of the oats. Came out great! Love all the ideas in the comments. Wonderful to have a gf bread without eggs, that isn’t made of rice or starch powders… :-) Sliced it up just as pretty as you did and topped with a broiled squash EVOO/garlic and parmesan cheese slab. Great for brunch! Thank you, thank you!
Wow! I made this today, and not only was it super easy and quick, but it was also delish!! I used a blend of oregano, cumin, coriander, and a little garlic powder as the spices. I will be toasting it all week and slathering it with peanut butter and honey. Thanks for the great recipe!!
I just made this… I doubled the recipe… I subbed the buckwheat with coconut flour…
I was also listening to ‘Across the Universe’ soundtrack very loud… I think I made a mistake and added to much coconut flour so things were VERY dry when I first added water… I have a very thick bread that does not seem to be done in the middle… BUT it is still terribly delicious!!! So… It will be eaten just as it is!!!
Thank you!!!
(No, lesson not learned… I cook best when I have fun music playing super loud! I will continue to enjoy my music while cooking LOL)
This recipe looks fantastic, my husband recently found out he is severely intolerant of dairy, gluten, and gliaden (found in oats) and have been working hard to find good recipes that will keep him full and we are really excited about this bread recipe. However, he can’t eat oats, is there a substitute I can use instead?
Hey Britany, You may be able to swap the oat flour for another kind of flour, but I haven’t tried anything else before. If you do, please let me know how it goes! I wouldn’t suggest using more buckwheat as it’s quite dense.
Hey Jay, Thanks so much for your kind words about my cookbook! So glad you’re enjoying it.
As for subbing pre-ground buckwheat flour, I can’t see why it wouldn’t work. I would probably use 1/4 cup plus a teaspoon or two extra but haven’t tried it yet. I’d love to hear how it goes!
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Topic Review (Newest First)
12-15-2012 12:07 AM
cobalt327
With all due respect to Bogie's excellent dissertation (I'm a fan too), another option is to remove the lifters for cleaning one at a time, replacing each one when done cleaning before removing the next.
The reason I say this, is I have sent the circlips flying off into the ozone on several occasions when disassembling/reassembling them- and that was w/the lifter out in front of me on a towel w/good lighting. If that happens and you're working on the lifter still in the engine, losing the clip would be easier to do and could even find its way into the hole at the end of the valley, the distributor hole or into an intake port, etc. Obviously those holes could be plugged up, but the whole thing is too much bother compared to simply removing them one at a time IMHO. This also gives you the opportunity to inspect the lifter foot for abnormal wear.
I am stumped and hope someone can shed some light. I installed a SBC 350 that sat around for about 12 - 15 years and fired it up and had 65# of oil pressure. Everything seemed to be normal until I noticed there was no oil coming out of the rockers. I pulled the right bank pushrods and rockers to blow them out and noticed there was oil in the pushrods - most were clean. The hyd. lifters pumped up and I watched the pushrods rotate while cranking engine over. I even ran it for about 20 minutes by manually oiling the rockers to no avail. I substituted another distributor thinking the base may be too small and oil leaking by there - never started it but just cranked it and watched the rockers - nada! Doubt all the lifters went bad sitting and thought if the oil galley was blocked, at least some oil would come out of some of the rockers. Any ideas???
Thanks in advance, Stumped
The lifters have a metering plate just under the pushrod cup, whether passages or bleed holes or both (several design approaches are used depending on the manufacturer) are very small and easily plugged. Oil left to sit actually will resin cure or the passages/holes became plugged with suspended dirt that settled.
With care these can be cleaned. The lifter body does not need to be removed just the inner plunger. Remove the bail from the top of the lifter after removing the push rod. Take the plunger out putting it on a clean towel take the top apart (remove the push rod cup) typically there will be a disk with 1 to several tiny holes in it. The bottom of the push rod cup typically has a very small protrusion that the dist seats upon this may have an equally small passage in its side. Inspect all of this under magnification and clean carefully with a solvent like lacquer thinner. If there is a wear pattern in the disk reassemble it in the reverse position so any wear faces into the plunger's reservoir. Lubricate the parts with fresh oil and install them back into the lifter body they came out of.
This process leaves the lobe and lifter match intact, but you must be careful not to mix internal parts of the lifters as well.
Bogie
12-13-2012 06:22 PM
delawarebill
lifters..
there is a very small check valve at the bottom of the lifters . so back pushing oil i don't feel would have any effect.. IMHO...
your gonna need to dig deeper now..
12-13-2012 04:48 PM
techinspector1
Quote:
Originally Posted by Xgasser
Upon reassembly and cranking engine over, I heard a "clank" and now oil pressure is only 35# - down from 65#.
"Clank" would indicate to me that it's time to get the cherry picker out and roll the toobox over to your new project.
12-13-2012 11:55 AM
boatbob2
No oil........
Hi,i would add 2 qts of trans fluid,( to engine oil)and run it for awhile (keeping an eye on temp guage) it is HI-Detergent oil,will clean up MOSTLY all crud,and it will oil lifters good...
12-12-2012 04:46 PM
cobalt327
Quote:
Originally Posted by Xgasser
Thanks Bill for your input. I realize you don't needa lot of oil but I'm not getting any... except for three that barely dribbles out. It's not even enough to lube the rollers (Crane roller rockers) on the valve tips. I may end up pulling the lifters out and checking them. I was even thinking about trying a new set of lifters but hate to do that to the cam/lifter match. Getting desperate here...
Have yiou tried adding/subtracting lifter preload to see if there a 'sweet spot' where they oil better? If you could adjust on them w/the engine running, that would show you pretty quickly if that was gonna help.
Marvel mystery oil may loosen it up but without knowing the cause i think you should pull it down and go over it to be sure. things can rust very quickly with cast iron parts.
12-12-2012 09:27 AM
Xgasser
Quote:
Originally Posted by Richiehd
Id substitute some stock rockers, you said you have oil in the pushrods
Yesterday I tried something someone suggested - shoot oil down the pushrod into the lifter to reverse flush it. Upon reassembly and cranking engine over, I heard a "clank" and now oil pressure is only 35# - down from 65#. Rev. flushing had no effect. I'm beginning to think a galley plug may've worked loose possibly behind the timing cover. Think I'll try and locate a stock pair of pushrods and rockers and try what you suggest before pulling the timing cover off... or engine out! Get back to basics!
12-12-2012 05:24 AM
Richiehd
Id substitute some stock rockers, you said you have oil in the pushrods
12-11-2012 07:52 PM
Xgasser
Thanks guys but this engine ran okay when I pulled it out years ago. Spun a cam bearing? Possible but don't know why it would or would cause that. I guess short of taking it apart, I won't really know. Man, this is confusing and I've talked with some pretty knowledgable people and they're stumped too. Thought I'd put the word out and see what I come up with. Never before in my life... Thanks again.
12-11-2012 07:35 PM
gearheadslife
you install all the soft plugs after it was cleaned when built..
sounds like that or the cam bearing holes are not lined up.
12-11-2012 07:20 PM
Richiehd
Just an idea, and maybe someone can help me here, but did you check pushrod length. Maybe the oil holes are covered up on the rocker end. You said they had oil in the pushrods.
12-11-2012 05:53 PM
Xgasser
Thanks Bill for your input. I realize you don't needa lot of oil but I'm not getting any... except for three that barely dribbles out. It's not even enough to lube the rollers (Crane roller rockers) on the valve tips. I may end up pulling the lifters out and checking them. I was even thinking about trying a new set of lifters but hate to do that to the cam/lifter match. Getting desperate here...
12-11-2012 03:35 PM
delawarebill
oiling
sitting for that long u just may have plugs in the lifters from dirty oil or something... sometimes u really don't get oil squirting 3 ft out the rockers... i to have about 70# pressure and i don't have a ton of oil coming out. i think i can produce more tears from peeling an onion. u don't need alot of oil just nuff to oil the rockers. u may need to pull the intake and pull the lifters and tk them apart to clean.. very easy to do..
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Yazıbaşı, Çaycuma
Yazıbaşı is a village in Çaycuma District, Zonguldak Province, Turkey.
References
Category:Populated places in Zonguldak Province
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Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Nanoparticle-based systems containing more than one functional components represent an active research field having a great potential in numerous technological applications^[@CR1]^. Among others, magnetic core-shell nanoparticles offer new opportunities in the biomedical field, catalysis and sensing^[@CR2]--[@CR10]^. In particular, fluorescent-functionalized silica-coated core-shell magnetic nanoparticles attract high attention in imaging and sensing applications. In such multifunctional nanomaterials the fluorescent dye can be covalently anchored either onto the silica surface or doped into the matrix of the silica shell^[@CR2],[@CR3],[@CR11]--[@CR13]^.
Electrospinning has been one of the most versatile methods employed for generating nano- and microfibers^[@CR14]--[@CR16]^. Its simplicity, scalability and high versatility renders this method very attractive in many scientific fields. Electrospun polymer-based organic-inorganic fibrous nanocomposites have been developed by many research groups and further evaluated in various fields including biomedicine^[@CR17]--[@CR19]^, catalysis^[@CR20]--[@CR22]^, sensing^[@CR23]^, energy^[@CR24],[@CR25]^ and environmental protection^[@CR26]--[@CR29]^. However, only a few examples appear to date on the fabrication of nanocomposite electrospun fibers with embedded core-shell ferrous nanoparticles^[@CR30],[@CR31]^. In one such example, core-shell Fe/FeO nanoparticles have been incorporated within polyimide fibers aiming to produce fibrous nanocomposites exhibiting enhanced thermal stability and magnetic properties for potential use in high-temperature magnetic sensing and microwave absorption applications^[@CR30]^.
The general advantages of combining superparamagnetic Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles with fibrous materials designed for use in sensing applications include among others the inherent ability of magnetic Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles to act as effective gas sensors^[@CR32]^ and the possibility for employing fiber alignment *via* magnetic field-assisted electrospinning^[@CR33]^. Concerning the latter, it has been demonstrated that fiber alignment results in the enhancement of the sensing properties compared to their randomly oriented analogues^[@CR34],[@CR35]^. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of the produced electrospun mats could provide an additional functionality in their manipulation and processing. More precisely, it may promote the magnetic bonding of the fibrous mats on suitable electromagnetic holding platforms, the controllable remote heating of materials for specific sensing applications or the efficient collection of mats by magnetic means from remote areas in various sensing applications^[@CR36]^. Additionally, magnetic electrospun mats with sensing capabilities could be employed as overlayers on various optical platforms in integrated optics or optical fibers. Such a thin magnetic overlayer on the proximity of an optical waveguide could operate as a sensing element of magnetic measurands that could alter the surrounding refractive index leading to pure photonic interrogation, with the simultaneous monitoring of pH conditions. Other applications may also include the measurement of magnetic fields by the induced deflection of fibers or waveguide cantilevers in the presence of magnetic fields, retaining at the same time the chemical sensing capability. Furthermore, in the presence of electric high frequency fields the resulted remote heating of overplayed mats could alter the refractive index properties of optical waveguides allowing thus the optical sensing of fields or temperature in magnetic hyperthermia applications^[@CR36]^ and in cases where pH monitoring would also be necessary.
Herein, ferrous core-shell nanoparticles consisting of a magnetic γ-Fe~2~O~3~ multi-nanoparticle core and an outer SiO~2~ shell have been synthesized and further functionalized with Rhodamine B (RhB) fluorescent molecules (γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs). The latter were covalently bound in the matrix of the silica shell. The resulting γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs were further incorporated within cellulose acetate (CA) electrospun fibers to yield fluorescent multifunctional fibrous nanocomposites. Electrospun fibers with embedded fluorescence moieties designed for use in fluorescence sensing are considered to be highly advantageous compared to their film analogues due to their larger surface-to-volume ratios. In previous reports on fluorescent-functionalized electrospun polymer fibers, the fluorophores were either covalently attached onto the polymer backbone^[@CR37]--[@CR41]^ or incorporated as dopants within the fibers^[@CR42]--[@CR46]^.
In one such example referring to the doping of polymer nanofibers with RhB, the fluorescent dye was added into a poly(ether sulfone) solution prepared in N,N-dimethylacetamide and the mixture was electrospun to obtain fluorescent, RhB-doped nanofibers that were further evaluated as metal ion (Cu^2+^) fluorescent sensors in aqueous media^[@CR47]^. Furthermore, electrospun polymer fibers doped with RhB derivatives have been successfully used as highly efficient turn-on fluorescent sensors for the detection of Hg^2+^ ions^[@CR48],[@CR49]^.
In the present study, the use of γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs as dopants in electrospun fibers is considered to be advantageous compared to other fabrication routes reported so far, since the leakage of the RhB fluorophore from the core-shell NPs is prevented due to its covalent anchoring onto the nanoparticle surfaces. In contrast, small fluorescent molecules introduced within the polymer fibers as dopants are only held onto the polymer chains *via* weak van der Waals interactions, thus often resulting to their desorption from the polymer matrix and consequently the decrease in the fluorescence efficiency of the fibers. In addition, the covalent anchoring of RhB molecules onto the nanoparticles' surfaces and the blending of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs with the fibrous CA matrix, suppress self‐quenching phenomena, whereas by covalently integrating RhB within the silica shell, fluorescence quenching is further prevented by avoiding direct contact with iron oxides.
Besides the above, the use of a renewable, naturally-abundant acetylated cellulose derivative as a polymer matrix exhibiting biocompatibility, biodegradability and environmental friendliness, combined with the magnetic character of the inorganic γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs additives providing the possibility for magnetic separation by applying an external magnetic field, are additional benefits of the multifunctional fibrous nanocomposite fluorescent sensor described in this study.
Two different fabrication protocols were followed for the preparation of CA fibers doped with the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs. In the first synthetic route the nanoparticles were sprayed on top of the fibrous mat while in the second approach a nanoparticle suspension in the CA polymer solution was directly electrospun to yield the final product. The dual sensing capability (i.e. ammonia gas and pH sensing) of the developed fibrous nanocomposites was investigated for both types of the produced nanocomposites. In both cases, a good response for gas ammonia sensing was shown for high NH~3~ concentrations. The presented multifunctional electrospun ammonia sensors show high tolerance in poisoning and saturation effects, providing linear response up to 12000 ppm. Consequently, they could be extremely valuable in the detection of high levels of ammonia (concentrations above 1000 ppm) at industrial facilities employing ammonia transfer lines and dense storage spaces. Moreover, low cost sensing elements or materials can then be replaced after logging an ammonia leakage event.
In the case of pH sensing, the fibrous nanocomposites in which the NPs were embedded inside the fibers were more robust compared to the fibers having the NPs deposited *via* spraying onto their surfaces, with the former demonstrating a fast and linear response in both alkaline and acidic environments with good reversibility.
Experimental {#Sec2}
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Materials {#Sec3}
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For the synthesis of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs, reagent grade chemicals were used as received from the manufacturers. Iron (III) sulfate hydrate, iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (ACS, 99%), citric acid (CA, 99%), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, 99.9%) and NH~4~OH (28--30%) were supplied by Alfa Aesar (Lancashire, UK). Acetone (AppliChem GmbH) and absolute ethanol (Carlo Erba, reagent - USP) were used as received. (3**-**Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APS; silane-NH~2~, 99%), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS; 98%), ethyl acetate (EA), dichloromethane (DCM), dimethylformamide (DMF), Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RhB), poly(acrylic acid) solution (25 wt. % in water) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, 40 kDa) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Cellulose acetate (CA, Mn = 30000 g/mol) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Acetone (Technical Grade 99.5% - Panaska Trading CO) was the solvent used in the preparation of CA polymer solutions that were further electrospun.
Synthesis of γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~ NPs {#Sec4}
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The core-shell γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~ NPs were obtained by the self-assembly of primary superparamagnetic maghemite (γ-Fe~2~O~3~) nanoparticles (size ∼ 10 nm) followed by coating of the superparamagnetic nanoparticle clusters with a layer of silica^[@CR50]--[@CR52]^. In brief, maghemite nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation of Fe^3+^/Fe^2+^ from an aqueous solution and transfer to ethyl acetate^[@CR53]^. The nanoparticle clusters were prepared by emulsification of the ethyl acetate suspension (∼5 vol% of the continuous phase) as an inner phase with water as a continuous phase. The poly(acrylic acid) was mainly used as a capping agent/surfactant for nanoparticle stabilization. The residual ethyl acetate was removed using a rotary evaporator. Subsequently, the particles were washed with ethanol and distilled water. As a result, nanoparticle clusters containing ∼80--100 maghemite nanoparticles were formed^[@CR54],[@CR55]^. All procedures were developed exclusively by the company Nanos SCI and they are described in detail in previous publications^[@CR50]--[@CR55]^.
Synthesis of γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs {#Sec5}
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Rhodamine-B (RhB) was covalently integrated into the matrix of the silica shell as described below^[@CR4]^.
The reaction between RhB and APS was carried out first in the mixture of DCM/DMF = 4/1 overnight at room temperature. RhB (0.00933 mmol) was dissolved in the solvent mixture (0.5 mL) and then APS (0.186 mmol) was added. Subsequently, the volatile solvent was removed using nitrogen flow and the product (RhB-APS) was mixed with TEOS for the silica coating. The general synthetic route is described as follows: First, 100 mg of PVP was dissolved in 200 mL of ethanol containing 450 mg of nanoparticle clusters. Subsequently, 1.2 mL of TEOS and RhB-APS was mixed and then added to the suspension followed by the addition of 2.0 mL of aqueous ammonia solution. The reaction mixture was stirred using a 2-cm-wide glass propeller at 300 rpm for six hours at room temperature and upon completion, the product was washed first with ethanol and then 3-times with distilled water. Finally, an additional thin layer (a few nanometers thick) of non-fluorescent silica was deposited using the same synthetic protocol with the only difference being the amount of TEOS, i.e. 0.15 mL of TEOS in the absence of RhB-APS. The prepared γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs were dispersed in ethanol-based stable colloidal suspensions at a concentration of 26 mg/mL.
Fabrication of γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs-functionalized electrospun CA fibers {#Sec6}
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Initially, CA (2.5 g) was dissolved in acetone (20 mL) upon stirring at ambient conditions and the obtained colourless transparent homogeneous solution was loaded in the syringe of the electrospinning set-up. All electrospinning experiments were performed at room temperature. Equipment included a controlled-flow, four-channel volumetric microdialysis pump (KD Scientific, Model: 789252), a syringe with a connected spinneret needle electrode, a high-voltage power source (10--50 kV) and a custom-designed grounded target collector inside an interlocked Faraday enclosure safety cabinet. Systematic parametric studies were carried out by varying the applied voltage, the needle-to-collector distance, the needle diameter and the flow rate so as to determine the optimum experimental conditions for obtaining CA nanoparticle-free fibers. The electrospinning conditions used for obtaining continuous, nanoparticle-free fibers were the following: Flow rate: 5.9 mL/hr; applied voltage: 15 kV; needle-to-collector distance: 10 cm; Needle diameter: 16G.
Fabrication of CA/γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs nanocomposite fibers was carried out by following 2 different experimental protocols. In the first one, a CA fibrous mat (19.5 mg) was placed inside a petri dish and the nanoparticle suspension (1 mL, nanoparticle suspension in ethanol, concentration: 26 mg/mL) was sprayed on top of the fibrous mat. Afterwards, the fibers were placed in a laboratory fume hood until complete drying. The 2^nd^ experimental protocol involved the dropwise addition of 1 mL of the aforementioned nanoparticle suspension in the CA polymer solution prepared in acetone (polymer solution concentration: 12.5% w/v) during stirring at ambient temperature and subsequent electrospinning of the resulting suspension under identical electrospinning conditions applied in the case of the CA fibers, to obtain CA/γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs nanocomposite fibers.
Materials characterization {#Sec7}
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For the TEM investigations, the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs were deposited by drying dispersion on a copper-grid supported, perforated, transparent carbon foil and analysed by TEM (Jeol, JEM, 2100) which operated at 200 kV. The magnetic properties of the samples were measured at room temperature by Vibrational Sample Magnetometry (VSM) (Lake Shore 7307 VSM). The dry, γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs-decorated CA fibers (10--15 mg) were placed into the VSM system prior to measurements. Magnetic characterization was carried out at room temperature. The hydrodynamic size distributions of the core-shell nanoparticles were measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS, Fritsch, Analysette 12 DynaSyzer, Germany).
The morphological characteristics of the produced fibers prepared in the absence and presence of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Vega TS5136LS Tescan). The samples were gold-sputtered (sputtering system K575X Turbo Sputter Coater -- Emitech) prior to SEM inspection.
Fluorescence microscopy was further used for visualizing the pristine and γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs-modified CA electrospun fibers. The samples were placed on glass slides, covered with coverslips and documented under the Olympus fluorescence microscope (U-RLF-T model). The fluorescence intensity of the pure CA fibers was determined by using the FITC filter (Excitation: 490 nm, Emission: 520 nm) whereas for the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs-modified fibers a CY3 filter was used (Excitation: 552 nm, Emission: 570 nm). Images were analyzed using the cellSens software.
Ammonia and pH sensing apparatus {#Sec8}
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In order to measure the samples' response to ammonia vapors and different pH values, the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs-functionalized CA electrospun fibers were placed in a cuvette holder having two perpendicular light paths that were specially designed for free space applications. An all solid state 532 nm laser was used to excite the RhB moiety using a 400 μm core multimode silica optical fiber. The emitted fluorescence was filtered by a Thorlabs FGL550 longpass filter with 550 nm cutoff wavelength that blocks the excitation wavelength. It was then collected by a 600 μm core multimode optical fiber and analyzed by a Thorlabs CCS200 spectrometer. Both SMA terminated optical fibers are connected with the cuvette with SMA fiber adapters having mounted collimators. A schematic representation of the setup is shown in Fig. [1A](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}.Figure 1Schematic presentation of the experimental setup employed in ammonia gas sensing and pH sensing experiments (**A**) and of the ammonia gas sensing set-up (**B**).
For the gas ammonia detection, the above described cuvette holder containing the sample was placed in a custom made sealed testing chamber of 4.3 L volume. A peltier element was used for the evaporation of the 25% w/v ammonia solution drops as schematically depicted in Fig. [1B](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}. For the pH detection, aquatic solutions of different pH values were used. HCl solutions with pH values ranging from 1--5 and NaOH solutions ranging from 8--13 were inserted in the cuvette where the sample was placed, in order to evaluate the sample's response.
Results and Discussion {#Sec9}
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Synthesis and characterization of γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs {#Sec10}
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Fluorescent silica-coated nanocrystal clusters with approx. 20 nm thick silica shell were prepared as fluorescent and magnetic labels for the produced CA electrospun fibers (γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs). The magnetic cores of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs were prepared by the self-assembly of approximately a hundred of superparamagnetic maghemite nanocrystals (size ∼10 nm). Darker magnetic nanocrystal cores can be clearly distinguished from the brighter amorphous silica shell in the TEM images (Fig. [2A,B](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). The size of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs determined from the TEM images (\>100 particles counted) was found to be ∼130 nm ± 30 nm. The γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs showed superparamagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization Ms of ∼37 Am^2^ kg^−1^ (Fig. [2C](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). DLS measurements of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs in an ethanol suspension (1.0 mg mL^−1^) showed narrow hydrodynamic-size distribution with the average size at ∼151 nm (SD = 2.8%) (Fig. [2D](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}).Figure 2TEM images of γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs at low (**A**) and high (**B**) magnification, room-temperature measurement of the magnetization as a function of magnetic field strength (**C**), and intensity-weighted distribution of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs hydrodynamic diameters obtained from the DLS measurements in ethanol-based suspension at concentration 1 mgmL^−1^ (**D**). Emission spectra of γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs with high (9.33 µmol of RhB) and low (3.11 µmol of RhB) RhB loading (**E**). Emission spectra of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs and of the aqueous solution containing free RhB molecules (**F**).
The γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs form stable colloidal suspensions and this is verified by the fact that their DLS-determined size is in close agreement with the size determined by TEM.
In order to investigate the influence of the RhB-loading on the nanoparticles' fluorescence properties, γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs having a lower RhB amount (i.e. only 3.11 µmol of RhB instead of 9.33 µmol per 450 mg of γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs -- see in section 2.3) were synthesized. As seen in Fig. [2E](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}, the emission spectra of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs with high RhB loading showed higher relative intensity compared to the low RhB loading clusters as expected. Most importantly, no shift in the maximum emission wavelength was observed upon altering the RhB loading.
In order to examine whether the optical response of RhB is influenced by the covalent linkage to the silica shell, the maximum emission wavelengths of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs and of the RhB aqueous solution (free RhB) were compared. As seen in Fig. [2F](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}, the maximum emission wavelength of RhB aqueous solution was recorded at 585 nm, while after covalent anchoring with silica, the wavelength was shifted to 580 nm. It is noteworthy to mention at this point that when RhB was simply added to the TEOS (silica precursor) without the pre-formation of a covalent bond with the amino-silane molecule (APS), the product (silica-coated nanoparticle clusters) was not fluorescently labelled and all RhB molecules were removed during vigorous washing.
Fabrication of γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs-functionalized electrospun CA fibers {#Sec11}
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Electrospinning was first employed in the fabrication of pure CA fibers. A schematic of the electrospinning set-up used is provided in Fig. [3](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}. The experimental conditions employed for obtaining nanoparticle-free CA electrospun fibers are given in the experimental section.Figure 3Left: Schematic of the electrospinning set-up used in the fabrication of electrospun CA fibers. Right: Indicative photographs of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs-functionalized CA fibers obtained *via* spray deposition of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs onto the fibers' surfaces -- sprayed magnetic fibers -- (up) and by mixing of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs dispersion with the polymer solution prepared in acetone, followed by electrospinning -- electrospun magnetic fibers -- (down).
The morphological characteristics of the produced CA fibers were investigated by SEM. As seen in the SEM images appearing in Fig. [4](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}. CA fibers had a belt-like (ribbon-like) morphology, a random orientation and they were characterized by a relatively broad diameter distribution within the micrometer size range. Ribbon-like morphologies in electrospun fibers based on cellulose and cellulose derivatives have been previously reported^[@CR56]^. Based on earlier reports, the CA fiber morphology can be altered upon changing the solvent system and the polymer solution concentration. Under certain experimental conditions (i.e. specific solvent system, polymer solution concentration and optimum electrospinning parameters) the generation of cylindrical CA fibers is also feasible^[@CR57]^.Figure 4SEM images of the as prepared CA fibers (**A**), the sprayed magnetic fibers (**B**) and the electrospun magnetic fibers (**C**).
As already mentioned in the experimental section, the fabrication of CA electrospun fibers decorated with γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs was accomplished by following two different synthetic routes involving: (a) the deposition of the nanoparticles onto the fibers' surfaces *via* spraying (denoted as sprayed magnetic fibers) and (b) the mixing of the nanoparticle dispersion prepared in ethanol with the CA acetone solution followed by electrospinning (denoted as electrospun magnetic fibers).
RhB was chosen to be covalently linked onto the nanoparticles' surfaces due to its high photostability compared to other fluorescent dyes introduced in previous studies as active moieties in optical sensing applications^[@CR58]^. Actually, earlier studies in our group involved the incorporation of fluorescein (FL)-functionalized core-shell ferrous nanoparticles (γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/FL NPs) within CA electrospun fibers by following the spraying deposition methodology which however demonstrated low photostability, in agreement with previous reports^[@CR59]^.
The γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs-functionalized CA fibers were visualized by SEM and fluorescence microscopy. As seen in Fig. [4(B,C)](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}, in both cases, the presence of the nanoparticles on the fibers' surfaces can be clearly seen.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed the presence of γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs along the nanocomposite fibers (Fig. [5](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"}). By comparing the TEM images of the electrospun magnetic fibers (Fig. [5A--C](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"}) with the sprayed magnetic fibers (Fig. [5E--G](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"}), the presence of the Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs exclusively onto the fibers' surfaces can be observed in the second case, in contrary to the electrospun magnetic fibers where the nanoparticles are mainly accumulated within the fibers. Moreover, the synthetic protocol affected the mean fibers' diameter significantly where electrospun magnetic fibers' approach yields thinner while sprayed magnetic fibers' approach yields thicker fibers with diameter of 547 nm and 770 nm, respectively.Figure 5TEM images of the electrospun magnetic fibers (**A**--**C**) and the sprayed magnetic fibers (**E**--**G**). Fibers diameter distributions were determined by analysis of the TEM images corresponding to the electrospun magnetic fibers (**D**) and the sprayed magnetic fibers (**H**).
In the case of the electrospun materials, the core-shell nanoparticle morphology could clearly be resolved in images at higher magnifications (Fig. [5B,C](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"}). The Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs are relatively homogeneously distributed along the fibers while on the nanoscale there is some segregation composed of up to dozen nanoparticles present in small aggregates.
Fluorescence microscopy was used to verify the fluorescence properties of the multifunctional nanocomposite fibers. Figure [6](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"} provides the fluorescence images of the produced materials. By observing the fluorescence microscopy images it can be seen that fluorescence is not homogeneous for the entire sample, particularly in the case of the electrospun magnetic fibers (Fig. [6B](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"}). According to the TEM data (provided in Fig. [5](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"}), the sprayed magnetic fibers have Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs anchored all over their external surfaces. In contrary, in the case of the electrospun magnetic fiber analogues, the nanoparticles that are embedded within the CA fibers form clusters and the presence of nanoparticle-free regions along the fibers can be clearly observed, resulting to a fluorescence "inhomogeneity" along the fibers.Figure 6Fluorescence microscopy image of the sprayed magnetic fibers (**A**) and the electrospun magnetic fibers (**B**).
The fluorescence efficiency of the Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs anchored onto the CA fiber surfaces was investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy at 520 nm excitation wavelength (Fig. [7](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"}). The emission wavelength was recorded at 574 nm, in agreement with previous reports recording the emission wavelength of RhB within 574--577 nm^[@CR60]--[@CR62]^.Figure 7Photoluminescence spectra of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs-functionalized CA fibers obtained *via* spray deposition (via spray deposition and electrospinning) (excitation wavelength: 520 nm).
The magnetic behaviour of the nanocomposite membranes was investigated by VSM at room temperature. Figure [8](#Fig8){ref-type="fig"} presents the magnetization *versus* applied magnetic field strength plots for the 2 types of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs-functionalized CA nanocomposite fibers. As seen in the plots, both systems exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at ambient temperature, demonstrated by the symmetrical sigmoidal shape of the magnetization curves and the absence of a hysteresis loop. The sprayed magnetic fibers had a higher saturation magnetization value (Ms ∼ 0.76 Am^2^ kg^−1^) compared to the electrospun magnetic fibers (Ms ∼ 0.20 Am^2^ kg^−1^) due to the presence of the non-magnetic coating (cellulose acetate) around the NPs embedded within the fibers (in contrast to the NPs that are deposited onto the fiber surfaces), resulting to the decrease in magnetization due to quenching of surface effect^[@CR63]^. Moreover, based on VSM magnetic measurements, the amounts of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs in the functionalized CA nanocomposite fibers were estimated to be ∼2.1 wt. % and ∼0.5 wt. % for the sprayed magnetic fibers and the electrospun magnetic fibers respectively. These differences justify the differences observed in the photoluminescence spectra corresponding to the 2 cases (Fig. [7](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"}).Figure 8A room-temperature measurement of the magnetization as a function of magnetic field strength of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs-functionalized CA fibers obtained *via* spray deposition (**A**) and electrospinning (**B**).
Gas (ammonia) and pH sensing {#Sec12}
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Both electrospun and sprayed magnetic fibers were evaluated for different gas ammonia concentrations and pH values. The emission spectrum of the sample was stable upon continuous illumination, showing no self-quenching mechanisms observed with other fluorescent moieties such as anthracene^[@CR41]^. For the measurements, the integration time of the spectrometer was set to 10 s. The averaging method, rolling average over the last 3 acquisitions, was used. The sample was exposed for 30 s for each data point, showing fast response to the measurands. As each individual measurement corresponds to 30 s, this can be an estimate of the time response which is comparable to other electrospun-based ammonia sensors^[@CR64],[@CR65]^ where the response times range between 50 s--350 s, as well as fluorescence-based sensors^[@CR66]^. In that sense, the response of the materials presented herein can be considered as fast. In order to assure the reliability of measurements for each recorded value, the sample was illuminated for 10 more minutes before changing NH~3~ concentration or pH, showing no further change. This stability demonstrates that at continuous excitation, the properties of the material at constant ammonia concentration were not deteriorated and also that the response is attributed reliably to the specific measuring conditions.
When exposed to NH~3~ vapors, RhB undergoes structural changes resulting to the generation of a non-fluorescent lactone (Fig. [9](#Fig9){ref-type="fig"})^[@CR67]^. The latter explains the reduction observed in the fluorescence intensity upon exposure of the nanocomposite γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs -functionalized fibrous mats in NH~3~ (Fig. [10A,C](#Fig10){ref-type="fig"}).Figure 9Sensing (fluorescence quenching) mechanism of RhB molecules undergoing structural changes when exposed to NH~3~ vapours, resulting to the generation of the non-fluorescent lactone form.Figure 10(**A**) Fluorescence spectra of the electrospun magnetic fibers for different concentrations of ammonia gas. (**B**) Response of the electrospun magnetic fibers at 577 nm for different ammonia concentrations. (**C**) Fluorescence spectra of the sprayed magnetic fibers for different concentrations of ammonia gas. (**D**) Response of the sprayed magnetic fibers at 577 nm for different ammonia concentrations.
Figure [10A](#Fig10){ref-type="fig"} shows the fluorescence spectrum of the electrospun magnetic fibers taken for different ammonia concentrations. A reference intensity value (*I*~*ref*~) was taken before inserting the ammonia vapors. The fibers' response is defined as:$$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$Response\,( \% )=\frac{{I}_{sig}-{I}_{ref}}{{I}_{ref}}\times 100$$\end{document}$$where *I*~*sig*~ is the intensity measured for an ammonia concentration. Figure [10B](#Fig10){ref-type="fig"} shows the response corresponding to the 577 nm peak, demonstrating a clear ammonia sensing for concentrations up to 11000 ppm.
The sprayed magnetic fibers decorated on their external surfaces with γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs also show a clear response to the ammonia vapours as presented in Fig. [10C,D](#Fig10){ref-type="fig"} for NH~3~ concentrations up to \~13000 ppm. The detection of high NH~3~ concentrations can be attributed to the large surface-to-volume ratio of the electrospun fibers. Previous studies have shown that due to their large surface-to-volume ratio, electrospun fiber sensors exhibit enhanced sensitivity^[@CR67]^ as well as quenching efficiency^[@CR38]^ compared to thin films. The overall factor that enables the high concentration detection is actually the total number of sensing elements which are the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs. Their total number in a specific volume of the material is determined by the three dimensional (3D) fibrous form and the concentration of the functionalised nanoparticles. However, the surface enhancement enabled by the fibrous morphology is the dominant factor which can be considered as a nonlinear scaling factor in a three dimensional space where the nanofibrous material is organised. The arrangement of nanoparticles in a linear shaped fiber scales linearly but in this 3D fibrous form the total effect can be eventually characterised by a nonlinear scaling or enhancement factor.
The response of the sprayed magnetic fibers is \~5% lower compared to the electrospun magnetic fibers. This could be attributed partially to the fact that in the former case the NPs can easily detach from the fibers' surfaces before and during the measurements because they are only weakly attached to them.
The sample starts to quench above \~12000 ppm and the response curve reaches a plateau. Therefore the sensor can be used for NH~3~ concentrations detection up to \~12000 ppm. Above this limit, the sensor cannot be reliably used as it becomes permanently "poisoned" and irreversible.
Furthermore, our experimental data show no consistent reversibility in high concentrations ammonia sensing. This can be attributed to the high ammonia concentration, as heavy loading (with ammonia) tends to destabilize the sensor, resulting in poor reversibility and smaller relative signal changes^[@CR68]^. However, despite the non-reversible nature of the demonstrated behaviour, there are several sensing and detection applications where reversibility is not required as the purpose of the sensing element is to log/register successfully a specific high concentration of ammonia. Such cases are important in ammonia leakage monitoring especially at very high concentrations that can become toxic. At the current stage of development the applications of detection of high level of ammonia concentration (above 1000 ppm) could be used at industrial facilities employing ammonia transfer lines and dense storage spaces, as the presented sensors can withstand the poisoning and saturation effects and can thus provide linear response up to 12000 ppm. Low cost sensing elements or materials can then be replaced after logging an ammonia leakage event.
Although the physical form of the electrospun fibrous materials is suitable for high concentration gas detection, it is not considered ideal for efficient collection of fluorescent light that could enable low level of detection. This is attributed to the fact that the material arrangement in the measuring cell could be vulnerable to external factors like vibrations, air flow etc., resulting to possible displacements that may alter significantly the optimal excitation and collection light angles. Therefore, for the optimization of the sensing performance the development of a more robust customised miniaturised measuring apparatus is required in future studies. Furthermore, modification of the electrospun fibrous materials towards the development of electrospun rigid fibrous mats will facilitate in future studies a highly controllable characterization process in lower ammonia concentrations by improving also the optical excitation and collection system.
The γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs-functionalized CA fibers were also evaluated as pH sensors in aqueous solutions with different pH values. Both, electrospun and sprayed magnetic fibers were tested but only the former exhibited a consistent response/behaviour in aquatic environments. On the contrary, detachment of the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs decorating only the surface of the sprayed magnetic fibers was observed when the latter were immersed in aquatic solutions, thus indicating the limited robustness of this system compared to the electrospun analogue. These results may be attributed to the weak nanoparticle/polymer matrix interactions arising from the surface functionalization *via* spray deposition. The latter is further supported by the TEM analysis provided in Fig. [5E--G](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"}.
In Fig. [11A](#Fig11){ref-type="fig"}, the fluorescent intensity of the electrospun magnetic fibers immersed in acidic aqueous solutions with different pH values, ranging from 5 to 1, is presented. The fibers were firstly immersed in a pH 5 solution and subsequently in solutions with lower pH values. As the pH decreases, the fluorescent intensity clearly increases.Figure 11(**A**) Fluorescence spectra of the electrospun magnetic fibers for acidic aqueous solutions with different pH values. (**B**) Fluorescence intensity at 580 nm versus pH. **(C**) Fluorescence spectra of the electrospun magnetic fibers for basic aqueous solutions with different pH values. (**D**) Fluorescence intensity at 580 nm versus pH.
The electrospun magnetic fibers were also tested as fluorescent sensors in alkaline aqueous solutions with different pH values ranging from 8 to 13. The fibers were firstly immersed in a pH 8 solution and subsequently in solutions with higher pH values. As the pH increases the fluorescent intensity decreases (Fig. [11C,D](#Fig11){ref-type="fig"}). The intensity at the 580 nm peak is linearly depended on the pH value with R-square values of 0.9577 and 0.8817 for the acid and alkaline environments, respectively (Fig. [11B,D](#Fig11){ref-type="fig"}). The values of the slopes for the acid and alkaline environments are −0.00158 and −0.00165, respectively, with corresponding standard deviations of 0.0001917 and 0.0003028. The fact that the standard errors are less than 20% of the slope values strongly indicates that the correlation is linear. It should be noted that as the characterization of response in alkaline and acidic environments was performed by two different set of experiments due to current experimental limitations, the measurements cannot be directly compared or related in terms of the measured intensity, because of different placement conditions of the electrospun material in the measuring apparatus. However, the behaviour of the material is consistent over the entire pH range.
The samples were also evaluated towards pH sensing reversibility by alternating solutions with pH values of 2 and 7. The sample exhibited reversible on/off switchable fluorescence emission as presented in Fig. [12](#Fig12){ref-type="fig"} in accordance to the literature^[@CR69],[@CR70]^. It is noteworthy to emphasize that the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhΒ NPs--functionalized electrospun magnetic fibers characterised 6 months after production towards pH sensing, exhibited a measurable response for a relatively long range of pH between 2 and 7, together with a consistent reversibility, demonstrating their stability and long term functionality. The relatively small degradation of response signal could be attributed to either a drift or poisoning effect, or also to combined random changes in the environmental conditions and setup's parameters during the long duration (\~120 min) of the experiment. Despite this degradation the discrimination between the two pH values is still very clear and reliable.Figure 12Reversibility of the pH-dependent on-off-on fluorescence intensity profile of electrospun magnetic fibers. The intensity was normalised to the intensity measured at pH = 7. The response time of the pH sensor is 30 s as estimated by the fluorescence measurements instrumentation.
To summarize, concerning the ammonia sensing performance, the sprayed magnetic fibers showed a \~5% lower response compared to the electrospun analogues, partially due to nanoparticle concentration differences in the two samples deriving from the fact that in the case of spray deposition the NPs are detached from the fibers' surfaces before and during the measurements because they are only weakly attached to them.
Further to the above logical assumption, it should be underlined that the absolute value of NPs concentration and the resulted photoluminescence (Fig. [7](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"}) of the two different fiber types should not be related to their sensing responses, as the response is calculated to a reference intensity value (Eq. [1](#Equ1){ref-type=""}) connected to the absolute initial photoluminescence. The absolute photoluminescence is reflected only by the absolute values of the measured intensity in the graphs appearing in Fig. [10A,C](#Fig10){ref-type="fig"}, which are indeed higher for the case of the sprayed magnetic fibers (Fig. [10C](#Fig10){ref-type="fig"}). Therefore, it is noteworthy to stress out that the response in the case of the electrospun magnetic fibers (Fig. [10B](#Fig10){ref-type="fig"}) is higher despite the fact that the sensing NPs are embedded in the hosting fibers and are not directly exposed to ammonia gas as in the case of the NPs deposited onto the fibers' surface *via* spraying. The adsorption mechanism of ammonia in the electrospun magnetic fibers is proved equivalent (or even more efficient), compared to the direct sensing on the sprayed NPs because of the minimal dimension of fibers. Furthermore, the stability of the NPs is retained, since these are protected within the fibers and they are not directly exposed to external degradation factors.
Based on the above, the sprayed magnetic fibers were found to be less robust as pH fluorescent sensors owned to the fact that the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs decorating only the fibers' surfaces were detached upon immersion of the fibers in aquatic solutions indicating their ineffectiveness in applications involving aquatic environments.
Conclusions {#Sec13}
===========
In this work, the fabrication and characterization of cellulose acetate electrospun fibers doped with γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs is reported. Two different fabrication protocols were followed. In the first synthetic approach, the γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs were sprayed on top of the fibrous mat while in the second, a NP suspension prepared in CA acetone solution was directly electrospun. In the latter case, due to the encapsulation of the NPs within the fibers and the covalent anchoring of the RhB fluorophore onto the NP surfaces, the fluorophore's leakage from the fibrous mat is prevented, enabling thus stable fluorescence-based operation of the developed materials.
In ammonia sensing performance, the sprayed magnetic fibers show a response \~5% lower compared to the electrospun magnetic fibers. It should be stressed out that the electrospun magnetic fibers exhibit equivalent or even higher response despite the fact that the sensing γ-Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs are embedded in the hosting fibers and not directly exposed to ammonia gas as in the case of the sprayed analogues, while - as mentioned above - the embedded NPs retain also a much better stability since they are protected within the fibrous polymer matrix.
The electrospun nanocomposite fibers were evaluated for both gas ammonia and pH sensing. Due to the large surface to volume ratio of the functionalized fibrous mats, high ammonia concentrations up to 12000 ppm were detected. Furthermore, the electrospun magnetic fibers showed fast and linear response to aquatic solutions of long pH range from acidic to alkaline environments. However, the stability of the sprayed magnetic fibers is limited due to the detachment of the Fe~2~O~3~/SiO~2~/RhB NPs from their surfaces.
**Publisher's note** Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Authors acknowledge financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency for research core funding No. (P2-0089) and for the projects "Nanotheranostics based on magneto-responsive materials" (No. J1-7302) and "Tunnelling nanotubes for innovative urinary bladder cancer treatments" (No. J3-7494). We acknowledge support of this work by the project "Advanced Materials and Devices" (MIS 5002409) which is implemented under the "Action for the Strategic Development on the Research and Technological Sector", funded by the Operational Programme "Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation" (NSRF 2014--2020) and co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund). We also thank Dr. Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos (Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus) for providing access to the fluorescence microscope. Finally, the authors also acknowledge support from the COST Action MP1206 "Electrospun Nanofibres for Bioinspired Composite Materials and Innovative Industrial Applications".
Theodora Krasia-Christoforou and Christos Riziotis conceived the idea and designed this project. Afroditi Petropoulou performed all experiments related to ammonia and pH sensing. Slavko Kralj synthesized the RhB-functionalized ferrous core-shell nanoparticles and performed their characterization by TEM, VSM and DLS. Moreover, he carried out morphological studies on the produced nanocomposite fibrous membranes by TEM. Xenofon Karagiorgis, Emilios Loizides and Ioanna Savva carried out the fabrication of the electrospun nanocomposites and their morphological characterization by SEM. Finally, Myrofora Panagi performed the analysis of the produced materials by fluorescence microscopy. Theodora Krasia-Christoforou and Christos Riziotis wrote the paper with input from all other authors.
The authors declare no competing interests.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
}
|
Comparative analysis of dynamic proteomic profiles between in vivo and in vitro produced mouse embryos during postimplantation period.
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) increasingly is associated with long-term side-effects on postnatal development and behaviors. High-throughput gene expression analysis has been extensively used to explore mechanisms responsible for these disorders. Our study, for the first time, provides a comparative proteomic analysis between embryos after in vivo fertilization and development (IVO, control) and in vitro fertilization and culture (IVP). By comparing the dynamic proteome during the postimplantation period, we identified 300 and 262 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between IVO and IVP embryos at embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5) and E10.5, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis showed many DEPs functionally associated with post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation, and these observations were consistent with correlation analysis between mRNA and protein abundance. In addition to altered gene expression due to IVP procedures, our findings suggest that aberrant processes at these various levels also contributed to proteomic alterations. In addition, numerous DEPs were involved in energy and amino acid metabolism, as well as neural and sensory development. These DEPs are potential candidates for further exploring the mechanism(s) of ART-induced intrauterine growth restriction and neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, significant enrichment of DEPs in pathways of neurodegenerative diseases implies the potentially increased susceptibility of ART offspring to these conditions as adults.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Scandinavian Men Say No, Thanks to All-male Panels
Even in Scandinavia, well known for its large female political representation, public debate is dominated by men. Business conferences with a 100 percent male speaker lineup are not rare. Some of these men are tired of debating only men, and are taking action to change it.
In Sweden and Norway, male speakers are now refusing to participate in conferences and panel discussions without female representation.
The idea is that men, when they are invited to speak at a conference or participate in a debate panel, will ask whether women are represented on the programme. If not, they will turn the invitation down say no, thanks.
In Sweden the campaign, with the hashtag #tackanej, was launched in November 2013 by three men, supported by the organization Equalisters. It has attracted more than 250 signatures, ranging from established media personalities to university professors and successful entrepreneurs.
– It’s time for us men to stand back, realizing how increased equality benefits not only justice, but actual competitive advantage for companies and organisations, says Fredrik Wass, co-founder of #TackaNej in Sweden.
– There is a lot of talk about gender equality, but we decided to do something about it. These kind of initiatives can make organizers find the best and most competent persons to put on stage, Fredrik Wass continues.
In Norway the campaign, with the hashtag #TakkNei, has launched. The Norwegian list of signatories is currently growing, so far ranging from lawyers, CEOs to writers and politicians.
70-80 percent of all the experts in media today are men, and if we continue to organize all- male panels and jurys we keep reproducing the image of an expert as a man. Saying no to all-male panels is an easy way to let more people contribute to a concrete change.
The Norwegian initiator Benja Stig Fagerland, Founder and CEO of Women Sp3akers, sees the Say No campaign as part of a new, international wave of feminism that is driven by social media.
– All over the world, we see strong, digital networks that are challenging stereotypes and renewing the debate on gender, says Fagerland.
– Our goal is to turn Say No, Thanks into a Say Yes, Please. Yes to more female speakers and more diversity in debates and conferences.
For more information, please contact,
The Founders of #TackaNej in Sweden:
Thomas Frostberg, senior business columnist at Sydsvenskan thomas.frostberg@sydsvenskan.se, @thomasfrostberg, +46 706 30 37 11
Fredrik Wass, market researcher, journalist and tech blogger
fredrik@bisonblog.se, @bisonblog, +46 707 92 30 70
Marcin de Kaminski, internet researcher at Lund university marcin@dekaminski.se, @dekaminski, +46 768 04 51 51
Swedish webpage: http://tackanej.se/
Supported by Equalisters:
http://rattviseformedlingen. se/equalisters
Frida Mörtsell, project manager/community manager
frida.mortsell@ rattviseformedlingen.se, +46 0703977257
#TakkNei in Norway:
Benja Stig Fagerland, Founder, benja@benjastigfagerland.com/ + 47 90955620
Ingvill Bryn Rambøl, Head of Publishing, , ingvill@womensp3akers.com/ +47 92452944
Home page: www.womensp3akers.com
Campaign page: www.womensp3akers.com/takknei
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Q:
Folium of Descartes
How to fill region on Folium of Descartes like this:
Here is my codes:
\documentclass[10pt]{article}
\usepackage{pstricks-add}
\usepackage{pst-func}
\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\centering
\psset{algebraic=true,dimen=middle,dotstyle=o,linewidth=0.8pt,arrowsize=3pt 2,arrowinset=0.25,unit=4}
\begin{pspicture*}(-.5,-.5)(2,2)
\psaxes[linecolor=gray,xAxis=true,yAxis=true,labels=none,ticks=none]{->}(0,0)(-.5,-.5)(2,2)
\psplotImp[linecolor=blue,linewidth=1.5pt,plotpoints=500](0,0)(2,2){y^3-3*x*y+x^3}
\end{pspicture*}
\caption{Folium Descartes}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
A:
You can fill if you use \parametricplot:
\documentclass[10pt,x11names]{article}
\usepackage{pstricks-add}
\usepackage{auto-pst-pdf}
\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\centering
\psset{algebraic=true,dimen=middle,dotstyle=o,linewidth=0.8pt,arrowsize=3pt 2,arrowinset=0.25,unit=3,plotpoints=2000}
\begin{pspicture*}(-2,-2)(2,2)
\psset{linecolor=SteelBlue4, linewidth=1.2pt}
\pscustom[fillstyle=solid, fillcolor=lightgray!25!LightSteelBlue2!10!]{
\parametricplot{-0.99}{0}{3*t/(1 + t^3) | 3*t^2/(1 + t^3)}
\parametricplot{-600}{-1.01}{3*t/(1 + t^3) | 3*t^2/(1 + t^3)}
}
\pscustom[fillstyle=solid, fillcolor=LightSteelBlue2!25! ]{
\parametricplot{0}{200}{3*t/(1 + t^3) | 3*t^2/(1 + t^3)}
}
\psline[linewidth=0.4pt, linecolor=black](-2.5; 45)(2.5 ; 45)
\psline[linewidth=0.4pt, linecolor=black](-2,1)(2,-3)
\psaxes[linecolor=gray,xAxis=true,yAxis=true,labels=none,ticks=none]{->}(0,0)(-2,-2)(2,2)
\end{pspicture*}
\caption{Folium of Descartes}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
A:
Done with mfpic, a LaTeX interface to MetaPost. To draw the folium you can use the cartesian form directly, thanks to the handy \levelcurve command of this package, so long as you write it as an inequation and you provide a point that verifies this inequation (here (1, 1)). The resulting curve is filled with the \gfill command with the desired color as an option.
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage[metapost]{mfpic}
\setlength{\mfpicunit}{1cm}
\opengraphsfile{\jobname}
\begin{document}
\begin{mfpic}[2]{-0.5}{2}{-0.5}{2}
\draw\gfill[blue+green]\levelcurve{(1, 1), 0.01}{y**3 - 3x*y + x**3 < 0}
\doaxes{xy}
\end{mfpic}
\closegraphsfile
\end{document}
To be compiled first with (PDF)LaTeX, then with MetaPost, and finally with (PDF)LaTeX. The result is as follows:
A:
In Metapost, you could just make the folium a closed path and fill it.
I've used the (rather simpler) polar form of the equation below.
prologues := 3;
outputtemplate := "%j%c.eps";
beginfig(1);
u := 2cm;
path xx, yy, folium;
xx = (1/2 left -- 2 right) scaled u;
yy = (1/2 down -- 2 up) scaled u;
drawarrow xx withcolor .4 white;
drawarrow yy withcolor .4 white;
folium = (origin
for theta=1 step 1 until 89:
-- (3*sind(theta)*cosd(theta)/(sind(theta)**3+cosd(theta)**3),0) rotated theta
endfor
-- cycle) scaled u;
fill folium withcolor .9[blue,white];
draw folium withcolor .67 blue;
endfig;
end.
And here's a fuller version, with the equation moved to a function, and showing how to extend the folium and pick out the loop as a sub path of it.
prologues := 3;
outputtemplate := "%j%c.eps";
beginfig(2);
u := 2cm;
path xx, yy, folium, loop, asymptote;
xx = (2 left -- 2 right) scaled u;
yy = (2 down -- 2 up) scaled u;
drawarrow xx withcolor .4 white;
drawarrow yy withcolor .4 white;
% "a" is the scale factor
a = 1;
vardef r(expr t) = right scaled (3*a*sind(t)*cosd(t)/(sind(t)**3+cosd(t)**3))
rotated t enddef;
% define the folium with some wings
b = 30; % should be less than 45
folium = (r(-b) for theta=1-b step 1 until 89+b: -- r(theta) endfor -- r(90+b)) scaled u;
% define the loop to be the part from theta=0 to theta=90
loop = subpath(b,b+89) of folium -- cycle;
% define an appropriate segment of the asymptote
asymptote = ( xpart point 0 of folium, -xpart point 0 of folium-a*u)
-- (-ypart point infinity of folium-a*u, ypart point infinity of folium );
% now draw them
fill loop withcolor .9[blue,white];
draw folium withcolor .67 blue;
draw asymptote dashed evenly;
endfig;
end.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Federico García Lorca Gets Google Homepage Doodle
García Lorca, executed by Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, was known as a member of the Genration of '27. In addition to poetry, he wrote a number of plays, a film script, and opera. His work also inspired a great deal of poetry, music, theater, film and television by others. His list of poetry collections is as follows (via Wikipedia):
Impresiones y paisajes (Impressions and Landscapes 1918)
Libro de poemas (Book of Poems 1921)
Poema del cante jondo (Poem of Deep Song; written in 1921 but not published until 1931)
Suites (written between 1920 and 1923, published posthumously in 1983)
Canciones (Songs written between 1921 and 1924, published in 1927)
Romancero gitano (Gypsy Ballads 1928)
Odes (written 1928)
Poeta en Nueva York (written 1930 - published posthumously in 1940, first translation into English as The Poet in New York 1940)
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Clinical comparison between the retromandibular approach for reduction and fixation and endoscope-assisted open reduction and internal fixation for mandibular condyle fractures.
Endoscope-assisted transoral open reduction and internal fixation (EAORIF) for mandibular condyle fractures has recently become popular because it is minimally invasive, provides excellent visibility without a large incision, and reduces surgical scarring and the risk of facial nerve injury. This report describes a retrospective clinical study that compared certain clinical parameters, including postoperative function, between the retromandibular (RM) approach and EAORIF. Fifteen patients were treated by the RM approach, whereas 15 underwent EAORIF between July 2006 and September 2011 at Kyushu Dental College, Japan. Clinical indices comprised fracture line, fracture type, number of plates used, surgical duration, bleeding amount, and functional items, including maximum interincisal opening, mandibular deviation on the opening pathway, malocclusion, facial paresthesia, and temporomandibular joint pain and clicking. The areas subjected to either approach included lower neck and subcondyle. The RM approach was used for mandibular condyle fractures with dislocation of a small bone segment. Both groups used 2 plates in all cases. Surgical duration, maximum interincisal opening, mandibular deviation, occlusion, and temporomandibular joint function at 6 months after surgery were comparable between groups. The average bleeding amount in the EAORIF group was greater than in the RM group. One patient from the RM group developed facial paresthesia that persisted for 6 months after surgery. It was concluded that surgical treatment was suitable for fractures of the lower neck and subcondylar. Both procedures showed good results in the functional items of this study.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
/* -*- mode: c; tab-width: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-
Copyright (c) 2012 Marcus Geelnard
This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
arising from the use of this software.
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
freely, subject to the following restrictions:
1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
appreciated but is not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
misrepresented as being the original software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
distribution.
*/
#ifndef _TINYCTHREAD_H_
#define _TINYCTHREAD_H_
/**
* @file
* @mainpage TinyCThread API Reference
*
* @section intro_sec Introduction
* TinyCThread is a minimal, portable implementation of basic threading
* classes for C.
*
* They closely mimic the functionality and naming of the C11 standard, and
* should be easily replaceable with the corresponding standard variants.
*
* @section port_sec Portability
* The Win32 variant uses the native Win32 API for implementing the thread
* classes, while for other systems, the POSIX threads API (pthread) is used.
*
* @section misc_sec Miscellaneous
* The following special keywords are available: #_Thread_local.
*
* For more detailed information, browse the different sections of this
* documentation. A good place to start is:
* tinycthread.h.
*/
/* Which platform are we on? */
#if !defined(_TTHREAD_PLATFORM_DEFINED_)
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(__WINDOWS__)
#define _TTHREAD_WIN32_
#else
#define _TTHREAD_POSIX_
#endif
#define _TTHREAD_PLATFORM_DEFINED_
#endif
/* Activate some POSIX functionality (e.g. clock_gettime and recursive mutexes) */
#if defined(_TTHREAD_POSIX_)
#undef _FEATURES_H
#if !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#endif
#if !defined(_POSIX_C_SOURCE) || ((_POSIX_C_SOURCE - 0) < 199309L)
#undef _POSIX_C_SOURCE
#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 199309L
#endif
#if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) || ((_XOPEN_SOURCE - 0) < 500)
#undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
#endif
#endif
/* Generic includes */
#include <time.h>
/* Platform specific includes */
#if defined(_TTHREAD_POSIX_)
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#elif defined(_TTHREAD_WIN32_)
#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define __UNDEF_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#ifdef __UNDEF_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#undef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#undef __UNDEF_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#endif
#endif
/* Workaround for missing TIME_UTC: If time.h doesn't provide TIME_UTC,
it's quite likely that libc does not support it either. Hence, fall back to
the only other supported time specifier: CLOCK_REALTIME (and if that fails,
we're probably emulating clock_gettime anyway, so anything goes). */
#ifndef TIME_UTC
#ifdef CLOCK_REALTIME
#define TIME_UTC CLOCK_REALTIME
#else
#define TIME_UTC 0
#endif
#endif
/* Workaround for missing clock_gettime (most Windows compilers, afaik) */
#if defined(_TTHREAD_WIN32_) || defined(__APPLE_CC__)
#define _TTHREAD_EMULATE_CLOCK_GETTIME_
/* Emulate struct timespec */
#if defined(_TTHREAD_WIN32_)
struct _ttherad_timespec {
time_t tv_sec;
long tv_nsec;
};
#define timespec _ttherad_timespec
#endif
/* Emulate clockid_t */
typedef int _tthread_clockid_t;
#define clockid_t _tthread_clockid_t
/* Emulate clock_gettime */
int _tthread_clock_gettime(clockid_t clk_id, struct timespec *ts);
#define clock_gettime _tthread_clock_gettime
#define CLOCK_REALTIME 0
#endif
/** TinyCThread version (major number). */
#define TINYCTHREAD_VERSION_MAJOR 1
/** TinyCThread version (minor number). */
#define TINYCTHREAD_VERSION_MINOR 1
/** TinyCThread version (full version). */
#define TINYCTHREAD_VERSION (TINYCTHREAD_VERSION_MAJOR * 100 + TINYCTHREAD_VERSION_MINOR)
/**
* @def _Thread_local
* Thread local storage keyword.
* A variable that is declared with the @c _Thread_local keyword makes the
* value of the variable local to each thread (known as thread-local storage,
* or TLS). Example usage:
* @code
* // This variable is local to each thread.
* _Thread_local int variable;
* @endcode
* @note The @c _Thread_local keyword is a macro that maps to the corresponding
* compiler directive (e.g. @c __declspec(thread)).
* @note This directive is currently not supported on Mac OS X (it will give
* a compiler error), since compile-time TLS is not supported in the Mac OS X
* executable format. Also, some older versions of MinGW (before GCC 4.x) do
* not support this directive.
* @hideinitializer
*/
/* FIXME: Check for a PROPER value of __STDC_VERSION__ to know if we have C11 */
#if !(defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 201102L)) && !defined(_Thread_local)
#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
#define _Thread_local __thread
#else
#define _Thread_local __declspec(thread)
#endif
#endif
/* Macros */
#define TSS_DTOR_ITERATIONS 0
/* Function return values */
#define thrd_error 0 /**< The requested operation failed */
#define thrd_success 1 /**< The requested operation succeeded */
#define thrd_timeout 2 /**< The time specified in the call was reached without acquiring the requested resource */
#define thrd_busy 3 /**< The requested operation failed because a tesource requested by a test and return function is already in use */
#define thrd_nomem 4 /**< The requested operation failed because it was unable to allocate memory */
/* Mutex types */
#define mtx_plain 1
#define mtx_timed 2
#define mtx_try 4
#define mtx_recursive 8
/* Mutex */
#if defined(_TTHREAD_WIN32_)
typedef struct {
CRITICAL_SECTION mHandle; /* Critical section handle */
int mAlreadyLocked; /* TRUE if the mutex is already locked */
int mRecursive; /* TRUE if the mutex is recursive */
} mtx_t;
#else
typedef pthread_mutex_t mtx_t;
#endif
/** Create a mutex object.
* @param mtx A mutex object.
* @param type Bit-mask that must have one of the following six values:
* @li @c mtx_plain for a simple non-recursive mutex
* @li @c mtx_timed for a non-recursive mutex that supports timeout
* @li @c mtx_try for a non-recursive mutex that supports test and return
* @li @c mtx_plain | @c mtx_recursive (same as @c mtx_plain, but recursive)
* @li @c mtx_timed | @c mtx_recursive (same as @c mtx_timed, but recursive)
* @li @c mtx_try | @c mtx_recursive (same as @c mtx_try, but recursive)
* @return @ref thrd_success on success, or @ref thrd_error if the request could
* not be honored.
*/
int mtx_init(mtx_t *mtx, int type);
/** Release any resources used by the given mutex.
* @param mtx A mutex object.
*/
void mtx_destroy(mtx_t *mtx);
/** Lock the given mutex.
* Blocks until the given mutex can be locked. If the mutex is non-recursive, and
* the calling thread already has a lock on the mutex, this call will block
* forever.
* @param mtx A mutex object.
* @return @ref thrd_success on success, or @ref thrd_error if the request could
* not be honored.
*/
int mtx_lock(mtx_t *mtx);
/** NOT YET IMPLEMENTED.
*/
int mtx_timedlock(mtx_t *mtx, const struct timespec *ts);
/** Try to lock the given mutex.
* The specified mutex shall support either test and return or timeout. If the
* mutex is already locked, the function returns without blocking.
* @param mtx A mutex object.
* @return @ref thrd_success on success, or @ref thrd_busy if the resource
* requested is already in use, or @ref thrd_error if the request could not be
* honored.
*/
int mtx_trylock(mtx_t *mtx);
/** Unlock the given mutex.
* @param mtx A mutex object.
* @return @ref thrd_success on success, or @ref thrd_error if the request could
* not be honored.
*/
int mtx_unlock(mtx_t *mtx);
/* Condition variable */
#if defined(_TTHREAD_WIN32_)
typedef struct {
HANDLE mEvents[2]; /* Signal and broadcast event HANDLEs. */
unsigned int mWaitersCount; /* Count of the number of waiters. */
CRITICAL_SECTION mWaitersCountLock; /* Serialize access to mWaitersCount. */
} cnd_t;
#else
typedef pthread_cond_t cnd_t;
#endif
/** Create a condition variable object.
* @param cond A condition variable object.
* @return @ref thrd_success on success, or @ref thrd_error if the request could
* not be honored.
*/
int cnd_init(cnd_t *cond);
/** Release any resources used by the given condition variable.
* @param cond A condition variable object.
*/
void cnd_destroy(cnd_t *cond);
/** Signal a condition variable.
* Unblocks one of the threads that are blocked on the given condition variable
* at the time of the call. If no threads are blocked on the condition variable
* at the time of the call, the function does nothing and return success.
* @param cond A condition variable object.
* @return @ref thrd_success on success, or @ref thrd_error if the request could
* not be honored.
*/
int cnd_signal(cnd_t *cond);
/** Broadcast a condition variable.
* Unblocks all of the threads that are blocked on the given condition variable
* at the time of the call. If no threads are blocked on the condition variable
* at the time of the call, the function does nothing and return success.
* @param cond A condition variable object.
* @return @ref thrd_success on success, or @ref thrd_error if the request could
* not be honored.
*/
int cnd_broadcast(cnd_t *cond);
/** Wait for a condition variable to become signaled.
* The function atomically unlocks the given mutex and endeavors to block until
* the given condition variable is signaled by a call to cnd_signal or to
* cnd_broadcast. When the calling thread becomes unblocked it locks the mutex
* before it returns.
* @param cond A condition variable object.
* @param mtx A mutex object.
* @return @ref thrd_success on success, or @ref thrd_error if the request could
* not be honored.
*/
int cnd_wait(cnd_t *cond, mtx_t *mtx);
/** Wait for a condition variable to become signaled.
* The function atomically unlocks the given mutex and endeavors to block until
* the given condition variable is signaled by a call to cnd_signal or to
* cnd_broadcast, or until after the specified time. When the calling thread
* becomes unblocked it locks the mutex before it returns.
* @param cond A condition variable object.
* @param mtx A mutex object.
* @param xt A point in time at which the request will time out (absolute time).
* @return @ref thrd_success upon success, or @ref thrd_timeout if the time
* specified in the call was reached without acquiring the requested resource, or
* @ref thrd_error if the request could not be honored.
*/
int cnd_timedwait(cnd_t *cond, mtx_t *mtx, const struct timespec *ts);
/* Thread */
#if defined(_TTHREAD_WIN32_)
typedef HANDLE thrd_t;
#else
typedef pthread_t thrd_t;
#endif
/** Thread start function.
* Any thread that is started with the @ref thrd_create() function must be
* started through a function of this type.
* @param arg The thread argument (the @c arg argument of the corresponding
* @ref thrd_create() call).
* @return The thread return value, which can be obtained by another thread
* by using the @ref thrd_join() function.
*/
typedef int (*thrd_start_t)(void *arg);
/** Create a new thread.
* @param thr Identifier of the newly created thread.
* @param func A function pointer to the function that will be executed in
* the new thread.
* @param arg An argument to the thread function.
* @return @ref thrd_success on success, or @ref thrd_nomem if no memory could
* be allocated for the thread requested, or @ref thrd_error if the request
* could not be honored.
* @note A thread’s identifier may be reused for a different thread once the
* original thread has exited and either been detached or joined to another
* thread.
*/
int thrd_create(thrd_t *thr, thrd_start_t func, void *arg);
/** Identify the calling thread.
* @return The identifier of the calling thread.
*/
thrd_t thrd_current(void);
/** NOT YET IMPLEMENTED.
*/
int thrd_detach(thrd_t thr);
/** Compare two thread identifiers.
* The function determines if two thread identifiers refer to the same thread.
* @return Zero if the two thread identifiers refer to different threads.
* Otherwise a nonzero value is returned.
*/
int thrd_equal(thrd_t thr0, thrd_t thr1);
/** Terminate execution of the calling thread.
* @param res Result code of the calling thread.
*/
void thrd_exit(int res);
/** Wait for a thread to terminate.
* The function joins the given thread with the current thread by blocking
* until the other thread has terminated.
* @param thr The thread to join with.
* @param res If this pointer is not NULL, the function will store the result
* code of the given thread in the integer pointed to by @c res.
* @return @ref thrd_success on success, or @ref thrd_error if the request could
* not be honored.
*/
int thrd_join(thrd_t thr, int *res);
/** Put the calling thread to sleep.
* Suspend execution of the calling thread.
* @param time_point A point in time at which the thread will resume (absolute time).
* @param remaining If non-NULL, this parameter will hold the remaining time until
* time_point upon return. This will typically be zero, but if
* the thread was woken up by a signal that is not ignored before
* time_point was reached @c remaining will hold a positive
* time.
* @return 0 (zero) on successful sleep, or -1 if an interrupt occurred.
*/
int thrd_sleep(const struct timespec *time_point, struct timespec *remaining);
/** Yield execution to another thread.
* Permit other threads to run, even if the current thread would ordinarily
* continue to run.
*/
void thrd_yield(void);
/* Thread local storage */
#if defined(_TTHREAD_WIN32_)
typedef DWORD tss_t;
#else
typedef pthread_key_t tss_t;
#endif
/** Destructor function for a thread-specific storage.
* @param val The value of the destructed thread-specific storage.
*/
typedef void (*tss_dtor_t)(void *val);
/** Create a thread-specific storage.
* @param key The unique key identifier that will be set if the function is
* successful.
* @param dtor Destructor function. This can be NULL.
* @return @ref thrd_success on success, or @ref thrd_error if the request could
* not be honored.
* @note The destructor function is not supported under Windows. If @c dtor is
* not NULL when calling this function under Windows, the function will fail
* and return @ref thrd_error.
*/
int tss_create(tss_t *key, tss_dtor_t dtor);
/** Delete a thread-specific storage.
* The function releases any resources used by the given thread-specific
* storage.
* @param key The key that shall be deleted.
*/
void tss_delete(tss_t key);
/** Get the value for a thread-specific storage.
* @param key The thread-specific storage identifier.
* @return The value for the current thread held in the given thread-specific
* storage.
*/
void *tss_get(tss_t key);
/** Set the value for a thread-specific storage.
* @param key The thread-specific storage identifier.
* @param val The value of the thread-specific storage to set for the current
* thread.
* @return @ref thrd_success on success, or @ref thrd_error if the request could
* not be honored.
*/
int tss_set(tss_t key, void *val);
#endif /* _TINYTHREAD_H_ */
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. – A 25-year-old man was found guilty Friday of carjacking in a 2014 Jacksonville case.
Deano Deangelo Eliam now faces up to 30 years in prison as a prison release re-offender.
In January 2014, the victim was leaving a grocery store when Eliam approached her and threatened to kill her if she didn’t take him to her car.
Eliam then demanded that she unlock the car, give him the keys and get in the passenger seat.
As Eliam got into the victim’s car, the victim managed to run away to get help.
Eliam then fled the scene in the victim’s car.
Eliam will be sentenced the week of July 18.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
import path from 'path'
import fs from 'fs'
import { PmtError } from './errors'
import { fileExists } from './shell'
export const translateDatasourceUrl = (url: string, cwd?: string): string => {
if (url.startsWith('file:') && !url.startsWith('file:/')) {
return 'file:' + path.join(cwd || process.cwd(), url.replace('file:', '')).replace(/\\/g, '/')
}
return url
}
export const getManagementEnv = async (): Promise<{ [name: string]: string }> => {
if (!process.env.MANAGEMENT_URL) {
throw new PmtError('missing-env', { name: 'MANAGEMENT_URL' })
}
const managementUrl = translateDatasourceUrl(process.env.MANAGEMENT_URL)
return {
PMT_MANAGEMENT_URL: managementUrl,
PMT_OUTPUT: 'PMT_TMP',
}
}
export const setManagementEnv = async (): Promise<void> => {
const managementEnv = await getManagementEnv()
Object.entries(managementEnv).forEach(([key, value]) => (process.env[key] = value))
}
export const envPaths = [
'prisma/.env',
'db/.env', // Blitz
'../.env.defaults', // Redwood
'.env',
]
export const getEnvPath = async (schemaPath?: string): Promise<string> => {
if (schemaPath) {
const envPath = path.join(path.dirname(schemaPath), '.env')
if (await fileExists(envPath)) {
return envPath
}
}
for (const envPath of envPaths) {
if (await fileExists(envPath)) {
return envPath
}
}
throw new Error("Couldn't find the prisma/.env file")
}
export const readEnvFile = async (schemaPath?: string): Promise<string> => {
const path = await getEnvPath(schemaPath)
return fs.promises.readFile(path, 'utf-8')
}
export const writeEnvFile = async (content: string, schemaPath?: string): Promise<void> => {
let path
try {
path = await getEnvPath(schemaPath)
} catch {
// Can't get path? Then we force write it to prisma/.env
path = 'prisma/.env'
}
return fs.promises.writeFile(path, content)
}
export const schemaPaths = [
'prisma/schema.prisma',
'db/schema.prisma', // Blitz
'api/prisma/schema.prisma', // Redwood
'schema.prisma',
]
export const getSchemaPath = async (): Promise<string> => {
for (const schemaPath of schemaPaths) {
if (await fileExists(schemaPath)) {
return schemaPath
}
}
throw new Error("Couldn't find the schema file")
}
export const readSchemaFile = async (schemaPath?: string): Promise<string> => {
const path = schemaPath || (await getSchemaPath())
return fs.promises.readFile(path, 'utf-8')
}
export const writeSchemaFile = async (content: string, schemaPath?: string): Promise<void> => {
const path = schemaPath || (await getSchemaPath())
return fs.promises.writeFile(path, content, 'utf-8')
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
California is moving to eliminate what state legislators call an outdated Wild West law requiring that citizens help police upon demand.
Lawmakers on Thursday sent Gov. Gavin Newsom a measure eliminating the California Posse Comitatus Act of 1872.
The nearly 150-year-old law makes it a misdemeanor with a fine of up to $1,000 for failing to help police make an arrest or catch a fleeing suspect.
Democratic Sen. Bob Hertzberg of Van Nuys says his interns initially proposed eliminating a law that he says “belongs in the history books, not the law books.”
Democratic Assemblywoman Sydney Kamlager-Dove of Los Angeles says it was also used to help apprehend runaway slaves.
She calls it “a visage of a bygone era” now that California has plenty of professionals to catch criminals.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
The present invention relates to a golf club set comprising a plurality of golf clubs having various different loft angles and a golf club shaft set used for the golf club set.
An iron golf club set is constituted of about 10 golf clubs from long irons to short irons, where club length and a loft angle differ for each club number so that different flying distance can be obtained for each club number.
In the foregoing golf club set, it is preferable to establish harmony on height of trajectory of a hit ball by a golf club among the club numbers. As a yardstick to evaluate the height of trajectory of a hit ball by a golf club, a kick point and the like are generally used. However, since the kick point only indicates the top position of bending of a golf club shaft, it has been difficult to show the height of trajectory of a hit ball by a golf club exactly with the yardstick. Therefore, even when a golf club set is designed to establish harmony on the height of trajectory of a hit ball by a golf club among the club numbers based on conventional yardstick, it is the present situation that harmony on actual height of trajectory of a hit ball by a golf club is not established among the club numbers.
In addition, in the foregoing golf club set, it is preferable to establish harmony on flexibility of a golf club shaft actually felt by a person among the club numbers. As a yardstick to evaluate flexibility of a golf club shaft, frequency (cpm) and the like are generally used. However, when flexibility of a golf club shaft is evaluated based on such a yardstick and even when the value is large, a person did not always actually feel stiff. Specifically, depending on the difference of a kick point, the result based on the foregoing yardstick is sometimes different. For example, in two golf club shafts having kick points different from each other, reversal phenomena that one golf club shaft indicates higher frequency than the other golf club shaft while the latter one is felt stiffer than the former one, is occurred. Therefore, even when a golf club set is designed to establish harmony on flexibility of a golf club shaft based on conventional yardstick among the club numbers, it is the present situation that harmony on flexibility of golf club shafts actually felt by a person is not obtained among the club numbers.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
/*
* The Alluxio Open Foundation licenses this work under the Apache License, version 2.0
* (the "License"). You may not use this work except in compliance with the License, which is
* available at www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
* either express or implied, as more fully set forth in the License.
*
* See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for information regarding copyright ownership.
*/
package alluxio.client.hadoop;
import alluxio.conf.PropertyKey;
import alluxio.conf.ServerConfiguration;
import alluxio.hadoop.FileSystem;
import alluxio.hadoop.HadoopConfigurationUtils;
import alluxio.security.authentication.AuthType;
import alluxio.testutils.LocalAlluxioClusterResource;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.permission.FsPermission;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.ClassRule;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.net.URI;
/**
* Integration tests for {@link FileSystem}.
*/
public class FileSystemIntegrationTest {
@ClassRule
public static LocalAlluxioClusterResource sLocalAlluxioClusterResource =
new LocalAlluxioClusterResource.Builder()
.setProperty(PropertyKey.SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION_TYPE, AuthType.SIMPLE.getAuthName())
.setProperty(PropertyKey.SECURITY_AUTHORIZATION_PERMISSION_ENABLED, "true")
.build();
private static org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem sTFS;
@BeforeClass
public static void beforeClass() throws Exception {
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
conf.set("fs.alluxio.impl", FileSystem.class.getName());
URI uri = URI.create(sLocalAlluxioClusterResource.get().getMasterURI());
sTFS = org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.get(uri, HadoopConfigurationUtils
.mergeAlluxioConfiguration(conf, ServerConfiguration.global()));
}
@Test
public void closeFileSystem() throws Exception {
Path file = new Path("/createfile");
FsPermission permission = FsPermission.createImmutable((short) 0666);
FSDataOutputStream o = sTFS.create(file, permission, false /* ignored */, 10 /* ignored */,
(short) 1 /* ignored */, 512 /* ignored */, null /* ignored */);
o.writeBytes("Test Bytes");
o.close();
// with mark of delete-on-exit, the close method will try to delete it
sTFS.deleteOnExit(file);
sTFS.close();
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
One of the only NBA teams still carrying just 15 players, the Pelicans have added at least one more name to their training camp roster. Jim Eichenhofer of Pelicans.com reports (via Twitter) that Lazar Hayward will participate in camp with the club.
Hayward, 26, was a first-round draft pick in 2010, but has yet to make a real impact in his limited NBA action. In 72 total games for the Timberwolves and Thunder, the 6'6" swingman has averaged 2.9 PPG and a 9.0 PER.
The Pelicans may not be done adding players to their camp roster, since they still have four available spots on the roster. At the moment, the team has 13 players on guaranteed contracts, plus Lance Thomas on a partially guaranteed deal, and Hayward and Arinze Onuaku on non-guaranteed pacts.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
It is known, in the construction industry, to use cranes, both fixed and truck-mounted, to move and lift weights, even hundreds of tons, to heights that can exceed several dozen meters.
Such cranes are normally provided with an extendable arm, which can be formed by one or more segments connected to each other in an articulated or telescopic manner. In the latter case they are called telescopic cranes, or extendable or telescopic arm cranes.
In some particular applications, in which supplementary performances are required of the crane, it is known to use, to increase the performance of the crane in terms of maximum reachable height, an auxiliary extension device, also known as jib, attached to the free end of the extendable arm. Normally, the auxiliary extension device is made of steel, and generally has a reticular latticed structure. The auxiliary extension device can be made with one or more segments or sections, connected or interconnected to each other.
Known auxiliary extension devices can be assembled by means of pivoting coupling on the free end of the corresponding extendable arm. This allows them to fold back on the extendable arm during transport, and then to be put in their working position, that is, cantilevered with respect to the extendable arm, by means of a rotation carried out on site.
Known auxiliary extension devices can be assembled and positioned both with manual procedures and also using a support crane.
One disadvantage of known auxiliary extension devices is that they are normally very heavy, even in the order of a ton. This can cause a heavier weight of the crane in its entirety, so that moving it by truck can be inconvenient and costly.
The weight of known auxiliary extension devices as above also penalizes the performance of the cranes in terms of the mass of movable load, since this must be added to the weight of the auxiliary extension device itself, already weighing on the extendable arm of the crane.
Another disadvantage connected to the weight of the auxiliary extension device can affect the horizontal distance to which the load can be moved, a distance which is connected to the forces acting on the attachment zone of the auxiliary extension device to the extendable arm of the crane.
Another limitation due to the weight of the auxiliary extension device affects the actual maximum height the arm can reach to position the load.
Another disadvantage of known auxiliary extension devices is connected to the complexity and time needed for the operations to assemble and produce the auxiliary extension devices themselves, since generally, as stated above, they have a latticed structure.
Another disadvantage of known auxiliary extension devices is that they are difficult to assemble on the end of the extendable arms of the cranes, since normally they need one or more support cranes.
It is also known from WO-A-96/26887, EO-A-2012/156807, EP-A-1.361.189, and EP-A-1.090.875 the use of segments of an extendable arm of a crane made with a composite material.
The documents WO-A-96/26887, WO-A-2012/156807 and EP-A-1.361.189, in particular, disclose an extendable arm in which, each segment is reciprocally connected to another segment and cannot be disassembled easily, without removing substantially parts of the extendable aim, such as actuation means able to move telescopically the segments.
The document WO-A-96/26887 discloses a crane for lifting a load, such as a platform. The crane comprises a telescopic aim formed by sections made of composites material. The sections cooperate with each other in sliding so as each section can slide internally or externally with respect to another section.
One of the sections, in particular the section defining the free end of the telescopic arm, is provided with an arm. The arm is also made with a composite material and is designed to support a platform to accommodate a load or people.
The arm has only the function of connection between the extendable arm and the platform, and is provided with regulation means configured to maintain the platform horizontal.
This arm, however, is not suitable to be connected to attachment devices, such as a hook to which a load can be attached.
One purpose of the present invention is to obtain an auxiliary extension device for a crane with an extendable arm which has a limited weight compared with known auxiliary extension devices, which is easy and quick to produce and which allows, given the same performance, to limit, the overall weight of the crane on which it is mounted.
Another purpose of the present invention is to simplify the selective connection operations between an auxiliary extension device and an extendable arm of a crane.
Another purpose of the present invention is to obtain an auxiliary extension device that has optimized mechanical resistance in relation to the stresses to which it is subjected.
Another purpose of the present invention is to obtain an auxiliary extension device for a crane with extendable arm that allows to increase the mass of load movable by the crane on which it is mounted, given the same height that can be reached.
Another purpose of the present invention is to obtain an auxiliary extension device which allows to increase the horizontal distance to which the load can be moved by the crane on whose extendable arm the auxiliary extension device is mounted, given the same mass of the load and the same length of the auxiliary extension device.
Another purpose is to obtain an auxiliary extension device which, given the same weight as a known auxiliary extension device, allows the crane on which it is mounted to reach a greater maximum height at which to position the load.
Another purpose of the present invention is to obtain an auxiliary extension device which, with the same sizes as a known auxiliary extension device, is easier to transport and easier to mount manually on the extendable arm of the crane and which does not need a support crane.
The Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
In Vivo Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging of Mammalian Cortex Using "Blue" Dyes.
Optical recording of membrane potential allows simultaneous measurements to be taken from many different locations in the nervous system. This is important in studies of the nervous system in which simultaneous activity can occur at the regional, cellular, and subcellular levels. New "blue" dyes, developed by Amiram Grinvald's group, are a great advance for in vivo voltage-sensitive dye imaging of mammalian cortex. The blue dyes are excited by red light (630 nm) that does not overlap with light absorption of hemoglobin (510-590 nm). This virtually eliminates the heart pulsation artifact.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
The global campaign to eradicate dracunculiasis (or Guinea worm disease \[GWD\]), which began at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1980 and has been led by the Carter Center since 1986, has assisted 17 of 21 affected countries to interrupt transmission. In 1986, an estimated 3.5 million cases occurred annually in 20 countries (the separation of Sudan and South Sudan created a 21st country in 2011). Today, only 4 countries (Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, and South Sudan) still have endemic transmission of GWD. In 2014, only 126 cases were reported from these 4 countries, and only 22 cases were reported during January--November 2015 ([@R1]). Since the beginning of the campaign, all interventions against GWD have focused on preventing contamination of stagnant sources of drinking water by patients with patent GWD and preventing ingestion of infected copepods. However, in 2013, several unusual epidemiologic findings were noted in Chad, including absence of disease outbreaks associated with sources of drinking water common to many residents year-to-year in affected villages and a relatively common infection of domestic dogs with Guinea worms genetically indistinguishable from those from human cases. This finding led to the hypothesis that an aquatic paratenic host (an intermediate host that serves as transport host for parasite larvae) was involved in the transmission of *Dracunculus medinensis* in Chad ([@R2]). Since 2013, the sporadic pattern of human cases in Chad has continued, the number of infections in dogs has continued to increase, and the presence of a paratenic host in the transmission cycle seems more likely.
The purpose of our study was to expose, under laboratory conditions, 2 species of fish and 2 species of tadpoles to *D. medinensis*--infected copepods, in an effort to determine whether these species would support viable larvae (and thus serve as a paratenic host). These potential paratenic hosts were then fed to an experimental definitive host (a domestic ferret) to determine if any third-stage larvae (L3) present would undergo further development in ferrets.
Materials and Methods
=====================
During July 20--22, 2015, batches of first-stage larvae (L1) were recovered from 5 Guinea worms removed from infected dogs resident in villages within the dracunculiasis-endemic zone along the Chari River between the cities of Guelendeng and Bousso in the Mayo-Kebbi Est region of Chad. Copepods were collected locally in the Guelendeng area (dracunculiasis-endemic zone) and exposed to the L1 per standard methods ([@R3]). L1 were mixed with copepods in a ratio of ≈3--5:1 to ensure a high rate of infection but not high enough to cause copepod mortality. Infected copepods were maintained for 5--7 days in 1.5-L water bottles and then transported to laboratories at CDC (Atlanta, GA, USA), where they were maintained in culture per standard practices ([@R3]). Beginning at day 12 after exposure, copepods were dissected to determine level of infection and stage of development of larvae. Many larvae observed at day 12 were early (and infective) L3. To allow full maturation of the infective larvae, no copepods were used in experimental studies before day 14.
For experimental trials, 2 species of fish (29 Nile tilapia \[*Oreochromis niloticus*\] and 36 fathead minnows \[*Pimephalis promelas*\]) and 2 species of tadpoles (20 Fowler's toads \[*Bufo fowleri*\] and 10 green frogs \[*Lithobates* (*Rana*) *clamitans*\]) were used. Both fish species were captive-raised and the tadpoles were wild-caught (green frogs raised from egg masses in captivity) in Georgia. Because the toads and some of the ranid tadpoles were very young at the time of exposure, species identity was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of a ≈500-bp region of the 16S rRNA gene with primers Amph-sp-F (5′-CTGTTTACCAAAAACATCG-3′) and Ecto-univ-R (5′-ATCCAACATCGAGGTCGT-3′). Sequences were a 100% match to GenBank accession numbers AY680224 (toads) and DQ283185 (ranids) confirming their identity. Finally, 2 age classes of green frog tadpoles were used.
Beginning at day 14 after exposure to *D. medinensis* L1, batches of infected copepods were fed to groups of fish or tadpoles. Fish and tadpoles, separated by species, were exposed to copepods in shallow water in a 500-mL beaker with a bubbling air source. Both fish species immediately began to ingest copepods, all of which had been ingested by 24 hours. In contrast, tadpoles ingested copepods more slowly, and some copepods remained uneaten after 3 days of exposure.
Beginning 1 week after exposure, groups of 4--5 fish and tadpoles were examined for *Dracunculus* larvae. Fish and tadpoles were euthanized by overdose of pH-neutral buffered tricaine methane sulfonate (MS-222), followed by decapitation, and then examined grossly under a dissecting scope to see if any larvae could be visualized in fin or tail fin or under skin. Then, the entire body, including head and viscera, was dissected to fully separate all tissues, and macerated tissues were examined under a dissecting microscope. If no larvae were observed, the tissues were allowed to sit in phosphate-buffered saline for 1--2 hours and reexamined under a dissecting or compound microscope. A total of 19 tilapia, 19 fathead minnows, 11 *Bufo* tadpoles, and 9 *Lithobates* tadpoles were examined by dissection. For a subset of 6 fish (3 of each type), tissues were grossly macerated, examined microscopically, and then digested in a 0.5% pepsin solution for 1 hour before examination for larvae.
Two colony-reared ferrets (*Mustela putorius furo*) were fed either tadpoles or fish mixed in canned cat food to determine infectivity of L3 from aquatic hosts. All dissected fish and the additional 5 tilapia and 11 fathead minnows that were not dissected were fed to 1 ferret. The other ferret was fed all dissected tadpoles and an additional 9 *Bufo* and 3 *Lithobates* tadpoles that had not been dissected. Ferrets were euthanized and examined at 70--83 days after exposure to fish or tadpoles. Animals were examined per previously proven methods for detecting developing *Dracunculus* ([@R3]). All animal procedures were reviewed and approved by the University of Georgia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (no. A2014 11--010).
Results
=======
No *Dracunculus* larvae were detected in dissected fish or *Bufo* tadpoles, but 4 of 7 *Lithobates* tadpoles were infected with 1--3 *Dracunculus* L3. Infections were noted in both age classes. The exact locations of the larvae were not determined, but they were recovered from the body musculature or head. No larvae were observed in the body cavity or viscera. The larvae recovered from tadpoles were slightly larger and more active than L3 recovered from copepods.
No worms were detected in the ferret that had been fed fish, but in the ferret that had ingested tadpoles, 3 young developing worms were recovered. All 3 worms were females and measured 1.4, 2.0, and 2.7 cm in length by 295--350 μm in maximum diameter. Two of the worms were recovered from the right hind leg, and the third worm was recovered from the lower left abdominal wall. The largest worm was coiled under the muscle fascia, whereas the other 2 worms were present in adipose tissue.
Discussion
==========
These results, although limited in scope, clearly confirm that *D. medinensis*, like *D. insignis*, can use an aquatic paratenic host; specifically, at least 2 species of amphibians ([@R4]--[@R6]). Although tadpoles consumed far fewer copepods, most tadpoles exposed to infected copepods subsequently had infections, which is consistent with previous data that showed a high percentage of adult frogs (*L. pipiens* and *L. clamitans*) acquired infections when a very high dose of infected copepods (n = 200--500) were given by mouth ([@R4]).
*D. insignis* larvae recovered from tadpoles previously were stated to be slightly larger and more active than infective larvae recovered from copepods, which is what we noted in our study with *D. medinensis* ([@R4],[@R6]), in which the larvae grew ≈20% after 15--18 days. Previously these *D. insignis* larvae recovered from tadpoles or frogs were infective to a single raccoon or ferrets, respectively, proving that these larger larvae are infectious ([@R4],[@R5]). Similarly, the larger *D. medinensis* larvae we recovered from tadpoles were infectious for a domestic ferret.
The absence of larvae in the 2 species of fish we included in this study does not rule out a role of fish as paratenic hosts. Previously, a low percentage of fish exposed to L3 recovered from copepods subsequently had infections ([@R4]). Although sample sizes were low, 2 of 4 white suckers (*Catostomus commersonii*) and 1 of 2 rainbow trout (*Oncorhynchus mykiss*) had 1--2 larvae recovered after exposure to 100--180 L3. Thus, we may not have exposed our fish to enough larvae to become infected ([@R4]). However, fish species variability in susceptibility is probable, given that common shiners (*Luxilus cornutus*) failed to become infected even though 3 were exposed to [\>]{.ul}200 larvae ([@R4]). Future studies should investigate the fate of *Dracunculus*-infected copepods after ingestion by fish hosts, dose required to establish infections in fish, and additional trials with other species of fish (e.g., *Gambusia* \[mosquito fish\]) that are known to predate copepods. Tilapia, 1 type of fish used in this study, is common in Chad and widely used as a food source. However, many other types of fish are present in Chad, and continued study of tilapia and other native fish should also be undertaken before ruling out fish as potential paratenic hosts.
Collectively, our data and the findings of previous reports indicate that *Dracunculus* larvae in general, and *D. medinensis* larvae specifically, are well-adapted to using a paratenic host and that tadpoles of *Lithobates* (*Rana*) and *Xenopus* species are appropriate hosts ([@R4],[@R5]). *Lithobates* spp. are members of the family Ranidae, which has a near global distribution that includes more than 180 known species in sub-Saharan Africa ([@R7]). This study also confirms that domestic ferrets, like domestic cats, domestic dogs, and monkeys, can serve as experimental definitive hosts for *D. medinensis*. The recovered worms were of consistent size and development as previously reported for worms of similar age recovered from dogs or monkeys ([@R8],[@R9]). Finally, these results also suggest that a more extensive examination of tadpoles and frogs in Chad is warranted. Although a small number (n = 28) of ranid frogs from Chad were previously examined for *Dracunculus* larvae and all were negative ([@R2]), sample sizes were low. Because natural infections of tadpoles or frogs have not been documented for either *D. medinensis* or *D. insignis,* the prevalence of natural infections is unknown; therefore, larger numbers of wild-caught frogs should be examined in future efforts. In addition to identifying which aquatic animals are acting as paratenic hosts for *D*. *medinensis* in Chad, it would be important to also identify which wild animals are predators of these transport hosts and whether those predators develop patent infections, thus helping maintain transmission of the parasite.
*Suggested citation for this article*: Eberhard ML, Yabsley MJ, Zirimwabagabo H, Bishop H, Cleveland CA, Maerz JC, et al. Possible role of fish and frogs as paratenic hosts of *Dracunculus medinensis*, Chad. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Aug \[*date cited*\]. <http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2208.160043>
During 2008--2015, the Carter Center's work to eradicate Guinea worm disease was made possible by financial and in-kind contributions from many donors. A full listing of supporters is available at <http://www.cartercenter.org/donate/corporate-government-foundation-partners/index.html>.
Dr. Eberhard is a retired parasitologist with broad interest in parasite life cycles and transmission dynamics. He has been engaged in the Guinea worm eradication program since 1986, and continues to work with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Carter Center, and the World Health Organization on the eradication program.
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Whats a Handshake Worth? By Jason Kulpa
Most businesspeople would scoff at the idea of doing business based on a handshake. In todays litigious society, many deals that have been inked on paper and reviewed by teams of attorneys are still contested in bitter court battles. However, there are still a few stories of entrepreneurs doing the right thing simply because it is the right thing to do. Id like to think that Im one of those entrepreneurs.
For more than four years, I owned Ad Authority, a business that helps other businesses reach millions of motivated consumers looking to acquire a product or service. After years of personal and professional success, I made the decision to sell the company. I was ready for a change of pace. After entertaining several offers, I finally found a buyer I could trust.
On 10 April 2007, I signed the final documents for my business to be acquired by Morlex, a direct to consumer Internet marketing company. Signing those documents represented the end of an amazing journey for myself and my team— one that had continually tested our patience, skills and perseverance.
In the beginning, my 10 employees took a chance on me and the company with only a verbal promise and a handshake. I promised to give them job security and a great environment in which to excel. When we started out in 2003, my staff shared a 600 square foot room with desks crammed together. They were barely able to move, let alone work comfortably. By and large, our inauspicious beginning was a 49-month-long journey across oceans of adversity. But I had assured everyone early on that if they stuck by me, they wouldnt regret it. As an entrepreneur, you’re only as good as your word. I intended to honor my promise.
In January 2008, Morlex had officially committed to acquiring my company. At that same time, the financial markets went into a horrible slump. As a result, the purchasing process was delayed and the deal looked to be on the rocks. In return for our patience, Morlex granted me an extra 1.5 million shares of stock valued at around US$5 a share.
I knew the value of the stock and was tremendously excited. I also knew the value of my team and how hard they had worked to get the company to this point. I had already built in a cash component amounting to nearly US$800,000 to be dispersed among my staff when the deal closed, but I really wanted to show my appreciation for their years of service. Remembering my handshake and promise, I decided not to keep a single share of the additional stock.
Instead, I granted it—without any strings attached—to every full-time employee based on tenure. I had made a commitment to honor their perseverance, and I wasnt about to go back on my word. By relinquishing the additional stock, 14 employees shared more than US$8 million. They earned every penny of it with their trust and hard work.
In the current realm of business, contracts are seemingly made to be broken. I come from a generation that when people shook your hand and looked you in the eyes, it was a deal. And that was all you needed.
This experience taught me that to excel as an entrepreneur, and to maintain a productive and committed staff, I had to hold myself accountable to my own promises. The fundamentals of business would only get me so far and it would all be pointless if I didnt embody my own principles.
Check out our website:
http://www.undergroundelephant.com
twitter.com/uelephant
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Selective clamping under the usage of near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: a single-surgeon matched-pair study.
To present a single-surgeon matched-pair analysis to show the feasibility of combining the technique of selective clamping with usage of near-infrared fluorescence imaging in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy and to investigate short-term renal function outcomes. Twenty-two patients underwent selective clamping partial nephrectomy with the application of indocyanine green (ICG). Out of this cohort, a matched-pair analysis for R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry parameter was employed for 15 exactly matching partners. Demographic, surgical, pathological and kidney function data were collected for the initial cohort, and matched-pair comparison was made between the subgroups retrospectively. Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy without clamping of the hilum was possible in 21 patients; in one patient, main artery clamping was necessary due to bleeding. Mean clinical tumor size was 37.7 mm. Mean selective clamping ischemia time was 11.6 min with an estimated blood loss of 347 ml. No intraoperative complications occurred, and postoperative complications (n = 4), including two major urological (urinoma, late-onset acute hemorrhage) complications, were found. There were no side effects of ICG administration. Matched-pair analysis for 15 patients showed similar demographic and surgical data without any significant differences in tumor characteristics. Comparing short-term renal function outcomes, significantly decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction in the selective clamping group with an absolute loss of 5.1 versus 16.1 ml/min in the global ischemia cohort (p = 0.045) could be observed. Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with selective clamping of the tumor feeding vascular branches is a promising technique for reduced ischemic renal trauma. This may lead to improved kidney function preservation.
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Signing users in to a mobile or web app isn’t necessarily hard, but keeping their credentials safe is something that’s often best left to specialists. The OpenID Foundation today announced the launch of OpenID Connect, the organization’s latest standard for authenticating users and building distributed identity systems. The standard has the backing of Google, Microsoft, Salesforce, Deutsche Telekom, TechCrunch parent AOL and numerous other companies and mobile network operators.
With this, developers can create a straightforward sign-in process for their users by outsourcing the actual sign-in and identity verification to companies like Google or Microsoft. Using OpenID, developers don’t have to store and manage passwords on their own servers.
The OpenID Foundation argues that the new protocol will ensure that developers won’t have to worry about keeping their users’ accounts safe. Instead, this data will be managed by “operators who continually invest in sophisticated authentication infrastructure and who have the specialized skills required to securely manage sign-in and detect abuse.”
Unlike previous versions of the OpenID Foundation’s login standards, OpenID Connect uses OAuth in addition to using the secure SSL connections. The previous version used XML and a custom message signature scheme that was often difficult for developers to implement. In the new version, all of this is now based on OAuth 2.0, which handles the secure connection and the exchange of data.
So why not just use OAuth instead of this new layer that was built on top of it? OpenID Foundation chairman Nat Sakimura notes that OAuth is an “access granting protocol,” but it doesn’t have any notion of identity. Facebook uses OAuth this way, but with the help of tokens and an extension called “signed requests,” which is quite similar to what OpenID Connect does (with the difference that it only works with Facebook).
Most developers are already familiar with using OAuth, as Google’s Group Product Manager for Identity Eric Sachs stressed when I asked him about the advantages of Connect. This new protocol, which is based on technologies developers have probably already implemented in their services to talk to various APIs, should make implementing Connect very easy for them. He noted that Google will throw its full weight behind the standard and will support OpenID Connect through its Google+ Sign-In libraries, for example.
Indeed, Google will consolidate all of its federated login solutions onto the OpenID Connect standard and will deprecate support for previous versions of OpenID over the course of the next year. Sachs recommends that developers switch over to the new libraries as soon as possible, though.
One of the biggest recent wins for OpenID Connect was actually announced earlier this week (before the protocol was fully ratified). The GSMA, the association of over 800 mobile operators and the organization behind the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona this week, unveiled Mobile Connect. It’s an initiative to develop new applications that allow users to securely access online services using their mobile phone account for authentication. OpenID Connect, the network operators hope, can provide a standard for creating interoperability between the different operators.
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Each year the Sacramento Banjo Band sponsors an annual banjo music festival known as Banjo-Rama. World class banjo stars are featured as soloists and in ensembles. Eddie Peabody, probably the most famous banjo player ever, performed at the very first Banjo-Rama in 1967, in the Governor’s Hall at the old California State Fairgrounds in Sacramento. These musicians are not just plucking chords like grandpa used to do on the back porch! They are genuine pros! Their fingers and hands are sizzling hot, moving faster than the eye can follow, playing everything from classical to popular music.
You’ll be surprised and delighted at their imaginative arrangements, versatility, and precise execution. In addition to banjo virtuoso’s, there will be exciting west coast banjo bands and ragtime piano players. It’s quite a musical spectacle that could just as well have been named the banjo Olympics. This year’s Banjo-Rama will focus on participation – that’s why we’ve renamed it “Banjo-Jam-A-Rama.” There will be lots of opportuni
ty to jam with your friends and the pros, and play for them if you wish! Primarily 4-string banjos are played at Banjo-Rama. Other banjo-compatible instruments are welcome at the jam sessions. We often have ukelele, tuba, bass, gut bucket, drum, clarinet, and occasionally even violin players participate. Banjo-Rama proceeds are a benefit for children’s charities in the Sacramento area. Be sure to attend this year’s Banjo-Rama.
Amanda DeWilde, Sacramento Library’s Archivist of the Rare Books room and Megan Cooper Co-Producer of the Shaxspere project will be joining us on live wire to talk about the SHAXSPERE PROJECT. The Program is divided into two events:
A panel meeting entitled: Did De Vere Write Shakespeare? The panel will beopen to the public to discuss the authorship of William Shakespeare at the South meeting room of the Sacramento Library, 828 I St., Sacramento, CA 95814 on Tuesday April 24, 2018 from 6:30 to 8:00 p.m.
California Stage/ Theater Creations will present 50 actors reading five plays from the “Fourth Folio”. Five plays thought to be written by Shakespeare for nearly 150 years. The Folio may be seen in the rare book room at the Main Sacramento library. We call this program The Lost Plays of Shakespeare.The readings will be held in the Wilkerson Theater in Midtown Sacramento located at 1725 25th street from April 25th to May 26, 2018 every Friday at 8:00 PM and every Saturday at 2:00 PM.
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- Is it straight?
- Oh, now, yeah!
- Do you need to fix the part?
- Okay, got it.
- Okay right.
- What's up?
I'm Jesse from KARATEbyJesse.com,
aka The Karate Nerd,
and today I am joined by the one and only
Sensei Bill "Superfoot" Wallace.
Thank you so much Sensei for
joining us today.
- Thank you sir, my pleasure.
- So, what many people
might not know is that you
were actually the commentator
of the very first UFC fightl.
- Yes
Could you take us there,
bring us behind the scenes
and tell us what actually went
on in the early beginnings
of the UFC.
- What happened is Rorion
Gracie, the father, calls me up
and he says, "Bill, we would
like you to commentate at
"our first, you know,
fighting championships."
- Yeah.
- And I went, "Whoa, well, yeah
I could do that, no problem.
"I don't think it's gonna go well,
"because the martial artists are not in,
"they like the kickboxing part of it,
"but they didn't like
the grappling part of it,
"and so sure, I'll do that,
"'cause you're paying me a lot of money."
- Okay, yeah.
- So, I go and I show
up, I'm with Jim Brown,
the American Football
player, and Kathy Long,
who was also a lady kickboxer.
- Yeah.
- So, we're sittin' there,
we're going over it,
now, there's no pre runs
or anything, we're just,
I get there on Friday and the
thing happens on Saturday.
So they have the meeting
and there are no rules,
the two rules were: you
can't stick your fingers
in a guys' eye and you
can't kick him in the groin.
- Right.
- That's the two rules.
I went, okay.
- Interesting.
- Yup yup.
And, the participants
could not wear hand wraps.
- No.
- Could not wear leg wraps,
and just like it was.
They had to wear a mouthpiece 'cause--
- Okay.
- It protects the teeth.
- Groin cup?
- Yeah.
- Okay.
- And when the fights happened,
I'd have a guy sitting
beside me, from the Gracie
Jiu-jitsu, telling me what to say
about the Gracie's.
- Oh right.
- So it's to push the Gracie's.
So basically I'm thinking oh,
something doesn't sound right here.
Seems to me like it's a
two hour advertisement
for Gracie Jiu-Jitsu, which
is what it turned out to be.
I mean, Royce did a fantastic
job, don't get me wrong,
He didn't punch anybody,
- No.
- He didn't kick anybody,
- No.
- He just got 'em down,
took 'em down with a double
every time was a double leg
takedown, and he choked 'em out.
- No one barged, choked all of 'em out.
And the first time I said, "Okay," and
I think it was Royce's second
match against Ken Shamrock.
- Yeah.
- They're fighting and
Ken Shamrock jumped in
for a double leg takedown.
- Yeah.
- And Royce reaches under his
belt and grabs his own belt.
- Right.
- And chokes Ken Shamrock out.
- Okay.
- Ken Shamrock chokes.
- Yeah, yeah.
- Taps out.
They get up, "You can't do
that, you can't do that!"
and finding out was Ken
Shamrock accused him,
which is rightfully so,
- Yeah.
- That you can't reach
under, grab the belt,
- Okay.
- And choke me out with your
own belt.
- Yeah.
- Well yes you can because, as we know
in martial arts training,
- Yeah.
- Our uniform is also a weapon.
- Right, so that was allowed
according to the rules?
- Yeah, Ken Shamrock wasn't
for it, he was upset.
- Right.
- But he lost.
- Right.
- And then, you know, then
Royce just went through
their belts, choking everybody out.
- Right.
- Behind him, choke out.
- Yeah.
- But just, you know, choking out.
- Exactly.
So are you saying they kind
of organized this thing?
I don't want to say it's
a conspiracy theory but--
- No it wasn't, it just--
- Was it like a marketing stunt, almost?
- I guess you could say that.
- For the Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu system?
- Oh sure.
- Yeah.
- 'Cause they pick the fighters.
- Oh really?
- Rorion Gracie picked the fighters.
- So they probably picked
fighters that would look good
against Brazilian.
- Of course they would.
- Because you've got the
stand-up, the hands are here.
- Right.
- How easy now is it
for you to drop down into your
double leg takedown?
- Double, yeah.
- 'Cause they've never seen it before.
- They had never seen
that takedown before.
- They're stand-up fighters.
- Exactly.
- So they have no idea
how to even react to it.
The boxer didn't even throw a punch.
(Jesse laughs)
The boxer never threw a punch.
- They're just shooting
for the double leg.
- (mumbles) Took him down and that was it.
And what I don't understand too is that
they had a big sumo wrestler.
- Oh yeah, right.
- Excuse me.
(Jesse laughs)
What's the job of a sumo wrestler?
To push you out of a
circle about this size.
- Right.
- I push you out, I win.
He doesn't know how to strike.
- No.
- He doesn't know how to kick.
- No.
- He doesn't know how to choke
or arm bar, he just
pushed you out of a ring.
It's a closed ring, you
can't get out of there.
- Right.
- So what are you gonna do,
push him against a wall until
he suffocates or something?
(Jesse laughs)
And I'm sure that's what he
wanted to do, get him down,
lay on top of him.
- Yeah, yeah.
- So what happens is this
kid from the Netherlands.
- Yeah.
- Just nails him.
He comes in (mumbles) the
guy drops down to his knees.
- Yeah.
- And the guy from
the Netherlands, I can't
remember his name, just nails him
right in the face with a roundhouse kick.
- Right.
- And a tooth goes
flying over my head.
- Oh!
- I went (mumbles) then he steps down
and the kid's still sitting there.
Punches him right in the mouth.
Now, the kid from the
Netherlands broke his foot,
- Really?
- And then broke his hand
on the kid's face.
- Oh!
- But they stopped the match.
- Yeah.
- Now, I don't know why
because he wasn't hurt,
bleeding a little bit, but he wasn't hurt.
The guy was 350 or should
be 400 and something pounds.
Hell, this guy is like a log!
(Jesse chuckles)
So he wasn't hurt, he said,
"Why are you stopping the fight?
"Why are you stopping?"
Only because he knocked a tooth out.
But he was okay.
- Yeah.
- So there's another conspiracy.
- Right.
- Because now you're saying,
just a minute.
- Right.
- If this guy can hit this
guy with his best shot,
two best shots, and nothing
happened, what happened?
How's Royce gonna take him down?
- Oh!
- Royce is gonna get dropped
down for the double leg.
- Yeah.
- Or he just fans out on his back.
(choking noises)
Now he, Royce is on his
stomach flattened out,
this guy is going.
- Yeah.
(choking noises)
- So they wanted him out?
- Sure.
- Yeah.
- And then one of the guys
who was a really good boxer,
really good puncher, asked
him not to use the smoke
because he had asthma.
- Okay.
- So they used the smoke anyway.
We're coming out there, 'bout
halfway through the match
(heaving noises)
- Oh, so like smoke machines?
- Sure.
They go, now hold on just a minute.
(Jesse laughs)
What the hell's going on here?
(stutters)
So there's eight guys, which
means there's seven fights.
- Yeah.
- Right.
Four, two, then one right?
- Right.
- And you go, okay what
the heck's going on here?
But I never thought it would
be as popular as it was.
- No?
- No, I never did.
- How come?
- Because the first time
I saw it I didn't like it.
- No?
- The first time I saw it
I said, "What, that's bull!"
Because, number one,
Royce never threw a kick.
He threw one kick to keep
the guy away from him.
Never threw a punch, just
standing there like this.
Drops down, and Gracie was
the only one, the only one
that was allowed to wear a uniform.
The other guys couldn't
even wrap their hands,
but he was allowed to go in the uniform.
- So when they couldn't wrap
their hands, they can barely
punch full contact?
- Exactly.
And you got guys that, because you're,
"Oh I want to wrap my knees."
"No you can't wrap your knees."
But Royce is allowed to
wear all that stuff, yes.
So, you go, hold on, what,
I don't understand this.
And I think the reason
I wasn't invited back,
one of the reasons because
there are several--
- Oh, so you were not invited back?
- No.
I asked too many questions.
(Jesse laughs)
I said: "Why don't you have
a regular wrestler there?"
A wrestler that knows
how to defend against--
- Oh, there was no wrestler?
- Nope.
There was six strikers, strikers,
Royce and the sumo wrestler.
- So it sounds to me like
it was basically set up
for a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner.
- Yeah, I mean don't get me wrong,
they all had their chance to win.
- Sure.
- But Royce knows how to defend that.
But this is 1993.
- And they didn't know how to defend that.
- They didn't know how to
defend against a takedown.
Even though you say, "Well I've
practiced," no you haven't.
Not against a guy that knows
how to do the takedown.
- Yeah, exactly.
- So, Royce was the reason,
the first one he won,
the second one he won,
the third one where they
changed the rules a little
bit because the time,
it was taking too long.
- Ah, I see.
- And on the third one he
had the Grand Championship
Master between Ken Shamrock and
Royce, rematch it might say.
Shamrock shot him with a
punch right here, split him
wide open, but it didn't do anything,
all it did was cut him and so
they finally called it a draw
because it was ...
- But that's how Brazilian
Jiu-Jitsu became so famous!
Because it looked so effective.
- Well, they keep saying most
fights end up on the ground.
- Yeah, I hear that all the time.
- Well all fights start standing up.
- That's true.
- All fights start standing,
so if I stand up and I'm from
me to her, she's gotta
come close to me before
she can do anything,
before she can punch me,
before she can kick me, before
she can do a takedown, right?
- Exactly.
- That gives me the chance to counter.
Well, they're not used to that because
if I'm standing right here
and I do this, you've got to
put your hands up and I drop
ready for the double leg.
That's what they do and the
stand-up fighters, naive,
that they are, they
say, "Well when he stops
"then I'll just punch him in the mouth."
No you won't, because I'll do this first.
You put your hands up
and then I'll drop down.
- Yeah, exactly.
Well it worked very well
because now Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
is one of the world's largest,
most popular martial arts.
- But what did they have to do?
They had to learn to strike.
Because remember, we learned
how to defend against it.
- Exactly.
- So they had to learn how
to strike to get in there.
- Especially against a wrestler who knows
the double leg takedown,
who knows the defense.
- In wrestling the double leg is
the first takedown you're taught.
It's also the first takedown
you learn to defend.
- Imagine if a wrestler had
been invited to the first UFC.
- Imagine that, imagine.
- And if that wrestler knew
a little bit of striking
so he could do ground
and pound, for example.
- Imagine that.
- Maybe the whole martial arts
world would look different.
- Imagine that.
(Jesse laughs)
- Wow.
- They're in the process now of even
trying to get rid of
wrestling in the Olympics.
- Oh is that so?
- Yeah.
It was the very first one, it was in
the very first Olympics
back in somebody AD.
So think about this.
If they want to get rid of
wrestling, then how many people
will not be using wrestling techniques
but the Gracie's still will.
- Exactly.
So you could say they have
something of an unfair advantage.
- Well, no, they know what they're doing.
They know how to work the
chokes, they know how to work
the arm bars, they know how
to work, most of them now
have learnt the striking aspect of it.
- Yeah, exactly.
- The speed aspect of it.
- And they manage to combine that.
- And they don't mind you
taking them down because now
even though you're on top
I'm in the on guard position
to where I've got my legs wrapped
around you and pretty soon
you get frustrated, you
reach, I get the arm.
You reach, I get the neck.
(background shouting)
(Jesse chuckles)
So what happens is UFC now.
- Exactly.
So what do you think,
looking at the first UFC
to all the way, looking
at the evolution of it,
comparing that to today.
- Oh it's 100% different.
- It is?
- Sure.
Because the rules have changed.
Now there are rules, before
there were none, remember?
Now, it's a funny thing,
that if I'm on the ground
I can kick you in the face
but you can't kick me at all.
- Exactly.
(chuckles)
- You can't punch me in
the back of the head.
Why?
- One might argue that those rules favor
a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner.
- Shame on you Jesse!
(Jesse laughs)
You shouldn't talk like
that, but again it's the,
and I hate to use the term
sport of it, you know.
I mean, it's like two
gladiators out there fighting.
Except this time, hopefully,
the loser doesn't die.
- Exactly, yeah.
- I don't like to watch it because
I hate that term ground and pound.
Think about it, ground and
pound, what does that say to you?
You get a guy on the ground, you beat him
until he says: "I quit."
Well, that doesn't even
happen out on the street.
There's gonna be somebody
who's gonna pull you off.
I don't know, just me,
I like to kick people.
(laughter)
- All right, thank you so much Sensei.
- Thank you.
- For sharing that amazing...
|
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Christiane of Saxe-Merseburg
Christiane of Saxe-Merseburg (1 June 1659 – 13 March 1679), was a German noblewoman member of the House of Wettin and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.
Born in Merseburg, she was a child of Christian I, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg and his wife Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.
Life
In Merseburg on 13 February 1677 Christiane married Duke Christian of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Both belonged to the House of Wettin: she was a member of the Albertine line while her husband belonged to the Ernestine branch. The couple settled in Eisenberg at the Christianburg Castle.
Two years later, on 4 March 1679, she gave birth to a daughter, named Christiane after her and later wife of Philip Ernst, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg; however, nine days later (13 March) she died of childbirth complications aged 19, probably from puerperal fever. She was buried in Merseburg Cathedral. In her honour, her husband build the Castle church of St. Trinity (German: Schlosskirche St. Trinitatis) in the Christianburg Castle.
Notes
References
Publications about Christiane of Saxe-Merseburg in: VD 17 [retrieved 28 September 2014].
|-
Category:1659 births
Category:1679 deaths
Christiane
|
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|
Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of virulence factor genes in fecal Escherichia coli of Holstein calves fed milk with and without antimicrobials.
Diarrhea in calves has a significant effect on the dairy industry. A common management practice for preventing or decreasing the effects of such disease in preweaned calves is by the use of antimicrobials in milk or milk replacer. In this study, Escherichia coli antimicrobial resistance in fecal samples collected from calves 2 to 8 d of age that had or had not received antimicrobials in the milk and that had or had not signs of diarrhea by inspection of fecal consistency were investigated. Specifically, resistance of E. coli isolates to individual antimicrobials, multiresistance patterns, and presence of virulence factors were analyzed. Escherichia coli isolates were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials by use of a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. The study was conducted at 3 farms, 1 administering growth-promoting antimicrobials (GPA) in the milk and 2 not using GPA in the milk (NGPA). All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and cefepime. From the total isolates tested, 84% (n=251) were resistant to at least 2 antimicrobials and 81% (n=251) were resistant to 3 or more antimicrobials. When antimicrobial resistance was compared between GPA and NGPA, it was observed that the GPA group had higher odds of antimicrobial resistance for most of the individual antimicrobials tested. No significant correlation of virulence factors in GPA or NGPA and diarrheic or non-diarrheic (control) fecal samples was found. Of the 32 virulence factors evaluated, 21 were detected in the study population; the incidence of only 1 virulence factor was statistically significant in each of the diarrheic status (diarrheic or non-diarrheic) and treatment status (NGPA or GPA) groups. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequence of the DNA gyrase gene (gyrB) from 31 fecal E. coli isolates revealed 3 main clades.
|
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Professional Illustrator for hire
My Social Media hang outs
For those interested, here's all my primary social media locations.
I use Instagram (@danveesenmeyer) and Twitter (@dveese) for posting the majority of my artwork. If you are interested in following me or my work, those are the two places to check out. While I am on Tumblr, I don't use it often and really only post LEGO NINJAGO related art there as Tumblr has a massive NINJAGO fan community. I am on Facebook but I do not use as often as Twitter or IG and I don't approve just anyone as "a friend”. Lastly, I can also be found on LINKEDIN but I only approve connections there with clients, industry colleagues and most people I do, have done or may do business with.
|
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|
Hof van Sonoy
__NOTOC__
Hof van Sonoy is a defunct restaurant in Blokzijl, Netherlands. It was a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in 2005 and retained that rating until 2008.
Owner and head chef of Hof van Sonoy was Paul van Staveren.
Restaurant Hof van Sonoy was located in a refurbished 19th century school.
The restaurant lost its star in 2008, when the restaurant was closed. The owner moved the restaurant to Emmeloord and opened the restaurant there as Sonoy.
Hof van Sonoy was a member of Alliance Gastronomique Néerlandaise since 2006.
See also
List of Michelin starred restaurants in the Netherlands
Sonoy
References
Category:Restaurants in the Netherlands
Category:Michelin Guide starred restaurants in the Netherlands
Category:Defunct restaurants in the Netherlands
|
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"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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|
Building Code Information
Review the Ohio Building Codes to ensure your project meets building code. The International Code Council is now providing the public with access to electronic versions of the applicable commercial and residential codes for the State of Ohio. The link is posted below:
|
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|
$1,200 a month, privacy not included - 0wl3x
https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/05/success/podshare-co-living/index.html
======
deogeo
> Stephen T. Johnson, the 27-year-old founder of FlipMass, an advertising
> company for Instagram influencers
Advertising, extortionate rents, middle-men, 'analytics'... the sheer number
of layers of parasitism in San Francisco is hard to comprehend.
9 times out of 10, these 'tech' companies are a net drain on society.
------
not_a_cop75
Call me crazy, but is it possible CNN wants to further legitimatize high rents
in large cities? Every big news service works for some billionaire it seems,
and none are even tongue in cheek self critical anymore, or so it seems.
------
freewilly1040
Interesting that the founder’s elevator speech included nostalgia for late
period USSR... I cringed a bit at that.
~~~
pmiller2
Where did you see that?
~~~
freewilly1040
It's in the first minute of the video
|
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|
*j - z = k for j.
-1
Suppose 2*p - w + 15 = 2*w, -3 = -w. Let j be ((-15)/p + -4)*4. Solve -j*t + 14 + 2 = 0 for t.
4
Suppose 1 = -2*i - 2*s + 27, -2*s - 14 = -3*i. Solve -12 = -u - i for u.
4
Let d = 18 - 46. Let c = d + 16. Let j be (-111)/c + (-1)/4. Solve 0 = -2*b + 1 - j for b.
-4
Let j = 338 - 328. Solve -3*s - 5 = j for s.
-5
Let k(n) = n**3 - 9*n**2 - 2*n + 33. Let s be k(9). Solve -10*g + 13*g + s = 0 for g.
-5
Let b = -470 + 488. Solve 0 = -b*k + 14*k for k.
0
Suppose 6*g = 14 + 76. Let x be 3*4/36*g. Solve -x*a = -0*a - 5 for a.
1
Let v = 7 - 6. Let h be (-4*v + 2)*(-2)/4. Solve d - 2 = -h for d.
1
Let h = 137 - 100. Suppose 0 = 33*v - h*v. Solve -5*s + 20 = -v*s for s.
4
Suppose -29 + 122 = u - 3*o, 0 = -5*o - 5. Solve -2*v - 82 = -u for v.
4
Let x(h) = 14*h - 4*h**2 + 4 - h**2 + 5*h**2 - h**2. Let n be x(13). Solve 0 = 5*q - n - 8 for q.
5
Let r be (0/6)/((-1 + 4)/1). Let w(b) = b**3 - 2*b**2 + 2*b - 2. Let o be w(2). Solve 0*u - u + o = r for u.
2
Let a(w) = -w**3 + 11*w**2 - 11*w + 16. Let v be a(10). Let y be ((-9)/v)/((-2)/20). Solve -3*d - 2*d = -y for d.
3
Let g = 7 + -5. Let i = 22 + -18. Suppose 4*c - 5*n - 87 = 0, 2*c - 5*n - 31 = 20. Solve -i*k + g = -c for k.
5
Let k = 52 + -46. Suppose 5*x - k = 3*x. Solve -5*m - 8 = -x for m.
-1
Let h(y) be the second derivative of -y**5/20 - 5*y**4/4 - 13*y**3/3 + 21*y. Let b be h(-13). Solve 2*g + 2*g + 8 = b for g.
-2
Let t = -344 + 345. Let v = -3 - -4. Solve -g = -t - v for g.
2
Let b(n) = -n**3 - 12*n**2 + 2*n - 1. Let s be b(-12). Let d = s - -27. Solve -g = d*g for g.
0
Suppose -2 = -4*c - 21*v + 24*v, 5*v = c + 8. Solve 7 = k + c for k.
5
Let b = -10 - -7. Let u be 12/(-4)*5/b. Suppose u*h = -5*v + 30, -4 = 2*h - 14. Solve -4*s = -v + 21 for s.
-5
Let b = -1271 + 1279. Solve -20 = -4*n - b for n.
3
Suppose 128 = 2*y + 2*y + w, -5*y + 160 = -3*w. Suppose -3*f - o - 5 = -6*o, 4*f + 3*o - y = 0. Solve f*q + 0*q = 20 for q.
4
Let o = -8 + 14. Let p(i) = i**3 - 55*i**2 - 6*i + 335. Let n be p(55). Solve -4 = -n*l + o for l.
2
Suppose 0 = 2*b - 185 + 143. Solve 0 = 16*n - b*n for n.
0
Suppose -16*h = -17*h - 18. Let o = 21 + h. Solve -o*i + 0*i + 9 = 0 for i.
3
Suppose 0 = -33*v + 31*v + 4. Suppose -2*n = v*h - 14, 2*n = 5*n - h - 5. Solve n*y + 6 = -9 for y.
-5
Let s(i) = -3*i**3 - 6*i**2 - 2*i + 4. Let g be s(-3). Solve 36*p - 3 = g*p for p.
-3
Let p be (-12 + 19)*(1 - -1 - -1). Solve 5*z - p*z = 32 for z.
-2
Let i = 6 - 6. Suppose 0 = -i*l + 2*l + 8. Let b be (-18)/l*(-2)/(-3). Solve j = b*j + 2 for j.
-1
Let o(h) be the first derivative of h**2/2 + 16*h + 4. Let b be o(-14). Solve -b*r = -0*r - 6 for r.
3
Let b be ((-456)/(-28))/(-6)*-7. Solve -22*v + 6 = -b*v for v.
2
Suppose -17 = -5*v + 2*v - 2*q, -20 = -4*v - 2*q. Solve -v*o - 4 = -5*o for o.
2
Let c = -109 + 113. Solve c*u - 13 - 3 = 0 for u.
4
Suppose -66*c = -70*c + 24. Let y be (1*2)/((-24)/(-60)). Solve z - y = c*z for z.
-1
Let b(a) = a**2 - 3*a + 10 - 10*a + 12*a - 5*a. Let x be b(4). Solve -t = -x*t for t.
0
Let o be ((-2)/(-3) - 0)*117/26. Suppose o*s + 26 = 2*d + 1, -s = 4*d - 29. Let l(h) = 2*h**3 - 2*h**2 - 3*h + 2. Let r be l(2). Solve -r*p = d + 12 for p.
-5
Suppose -3*d - 2*n = -35, -18*d - 2*n = -13*d - 53. Solve -3*m - 24 = -d*m for m.
4
Suppose 0 = -a - 0 + 20. Suppose 0 = 5*k + 5*r - 40, -2*r + 3*r = -4*k + a. Suppose 5*p - 24 = 4*c, 2*p = -k*c + 8*c + 12. Solve -p*y + y + 15 = 0 for y.
5
Let f be (2 + -2 + 2)/(61/305). Solve 0 = w + 6 - f for w.
4
Suppose -3*q - 2*s + 38 = -7*s, -3*s + 18 = 5*q. Solve 0 = 3*p + 9 + q for p.
-5
Let v(u) = 2*u - 24. Let t be v(10). Let m(a) = a**2 + 10*a + 2. Let q be m(t). Let b = 25 + q. Solve b*n = -3 - 9 for n.
-4
Suppose 5*t - 19 = 6. Suppose -5*k + 42 - 2 = 0. Suppose g - 4*s = 2*g + 17, 4*s = -20. Solve -g*x + k = -t*x for x.
-4
Let r(n) = -14*n + 86. Let k be r(6). Solve y + k = 3*y for y.
1
Let r be 1 + (1 - 6) + -24*13/(-52). Suppose 0 = -a - 2*k, 2*k - k = 5*a. Solve a*y = -r*y for y.
0
Let u = 29 + -24. Solve -u = -3*t + 4 for t.
3
Let d(r) = r**3 - r + 49. Let c be d(0). Suppose 5*y = -4*n + c, -n + 4*n - 53 = -5*y. Let q = 13 - y. Solve q*m = 2*m + 4 for m.
-2
Suppose -4*b = 3*b + 4*b. Solve b = j - 10*j - 36 for j.
-4
Suppose 0*w + 15*w = 0. Solve 7*l + 21 = -w for l.
-3
Let m be 3/4 + (246/24 - 6). Solve 3*s - m - 1 = 0 for s.
2
Suppose 4*w - 4*d - 20 = 0, w = 2*d - 3*d + 11. Solve -w*g + 10 - 2 = 0 for g.
1
Let q(h) = h**2 - 4*h - 3. Let m be q(-1). Let f be -1*1 - (m + 0 + -3). Solve 5*l - l = f for l.
0
Let q(a) = 4*a. Let m be q(5). Let s = 28 - 29. Let z be (1 - (3 - s)) + (-88)/(-11). Solve -m = l - z*l for l.
5
Let o(v) = v**3 + 7*v**2 + v + 10. Let h be o(-7). Suppose 2*x + 0*x + h*w = -2, 4*w = 5*x - 18. Solve -1 - 3 = -x*f for f.
2
Let h = -76 - -83. Solve 2*b - 9 = -h for b.
1
Let z = 553 - 537. Solve -8 = -4*g - z for g.
-2
Let z = -5 - -4. Let c be (7 - z) + (1 - 3). Let t(u) = -u**2 - 13*u + 30. Let s be t(-15). Solve c = -s*p + 2*p for p.
3
Let o be (-7 - -19) + 8/(-1). Solve -o - 11 = -3*l for l.
5
Let t be 14*((-102)/(-14) + -7). Solve -t = 2*b - 2 for b.
-1
Let a(m) = 17*m - 63. Let c(t) = 6*t - 21. Let o(r) = 4*a(r) - 11*c(r). Let n be o(12). Solve -z = n*z - 12 for z.
3
Suppose -2*z - 32 = y, -17*z - 5*y + 74 = -20*z. Let n = 31 + -10. Let j = n + z. Solve -j*x = -x + 6 for x.
-3
Let w(j) = j**3 - 6*j**2 - 11*j - 28. Let x be w(8). Solve 12 = -15*a + x*a for a.
-4
Let m(w) = -w**3 + 14*w**2 - 14*w + 15. Let s be m(13). Let u be s/(-6) + 44/(-3). Let k be (-3)/5 - 39/u. Solve 0*x + k*x = -8 for x.
-4
Let v be 1653/116 + 0 + (-5)/4. Solve v = -b + 12 for b.
-1
Let y(x) = -2*x + 12. Let l be y(12). Let m = l - -17. Suppose -v - 5*t - 17 = 0, -m*v + t = 5*t + 1. Solve p + v*p = 16 for p.
4
Suppose 2*b + 11 = b + 3*v, 0 = -3*v + 3. Let x(y) = -y**2 - 7*y + 9. Let i be x(b). Solve -5*q + i = -14 for q.
3
Suppose 147 = 10*r + 87. Solve 6 - 18 = r*g for g.
-2
Let v(x) = -4*x - 2. Let u(k) = -k. Let d(j) = -21*u(j) + 3*v(j). Let o be d(1). Solve o*s + 2 = 5*s for s.
1
Let k be 6/27 + (-64)/(-36). Suppose 2*q = 2*d + 18 + 60, -4*d = k*q + 126. Let y = d - -50. Solve y = 2*i + 6 for i.
5
Let x = -66 - -45. Let f be (-154)/6 + (-14)/x. Let i be 10/f - 44/(-10). Solve i*p = 3 + 13 for p.
4
Suppose 27*h + 7*h - 68 = 0. Solve -h*b - 15 = -7*b for b.
3
Let g(m) = -m**3 - 4*m**2 + 5*m + 3. Let b be g(-5). Solve b*d + 4 = -d for d.
-1
Let o(l) = l**3 + 8*l**2 + 5*l - 2. Suppose -5 = -3*p - 26. Let f be o(p). Suppose f = 5*j + 2. Solve -22 = -5*q - j for q.
4
Let q = -879 - -910. Solve -26*n = -q - 73 for n.
4
Let o = 15 + -28. Let v = -12 - o. Let u be (5 + v)*(-6)/(-4). Solve 0 = -2*l - l - u for l.
-3
Let s = -39 + 27. Let z = s - -12. Suppose z = q - 2 - 4. Solve -h = -3*h - q for h.
-3
Suppose g + 51 = -4*k, 0*g + g = 4*k - 11. Let m = g - -31. Solve m = 2*v + 1 + 9 for v.
-5
Let y = -32 - -38. Let k be 0/(-2)*(1 + (-3)/y). Solve k = -c + 5 for c.
5
Suppose -5*d + 3*d + 12 = -3*w, -4 = -5*d + w. Solve -6*h + 2*h = d for h.
0
Let g be (9/(-1))/((-21)/(-14)). Let x be -1 + (-1)/(-2)*g. Let w be (3/x)/((-3)/12). Solve -w + 4 = v for v.
1
Let l be 2 - (12/(-9)*3)/2. Let a be -1 - (-3 - -1) - -27. Let f(x) = -x**3 - 5*x**2 - 7*x - 4. Let i be f(-4). Solve l*p - i = -a for p.
-5
Let w = 70 - 67. Solve -4*z - w + 11 = 0 for z.
2
Suppose -118*o = -117*o - 14. Solve 5*t = 1 + o for t.
3
Let m(c) = c + 14. Let r be m(-10). Let d be (-9)/r*32/(-12) + -2. Solve -5*s + d*s = 0 for s.
0
Let r(g) = -27*g + 63. Let v be r(2). Solve -x + 5 = v for x.
-4
Let x(p) = 122 - 4*p**2 + 5*p**2 - 119 - 4*p. Let t be x(3). Solve 2*m - 3 + 7 = t for m.
-2
Let u be 2*-2*7/7. Let c be (4/u)/((-2)/(-4)). Let j be ((-8)/16)/(c/20). Solve 9 + 16 = j*g for g.
5
Let x(u) = -5*u**3 + 3*u**2 + u + 2. Let w(b) = b**3 - b. Let y(t) = 6*w(t) + x(t). Let s be y(2). Solve 0*f = -4*f + s for f.
3
Let a = 78 + -73. Let l(z) = -3*z - 19. Let g be l(-9). Suppose 6 = 3*y - 0*q - 3*q, y = -4*q + 7. Solve -a*i - y = -g for i.
1
Suppose 32*c - 4*c = 56. Solve c*w = -0*w - 6 for w.
-3
Suppose -4*y = 4*f + 28, 3*f + 7*y + 23 = 2*y. Let j be f/45 + 96/45. Solve -j*r = r for r.
0
Suppose 3*s = 3, 8*z = 3*z - 5*s + 25. Let o(b) = -b - 13. Let i(x) = 2*x + 27. Let j be i(-21). Let w be o(j). Solve -z*
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Nevada City Summer Nights is a street fair where everyone is invited. Similar to the winter Victorian Christmas celebrations, the last 3 Wednesday evenings in July (July 15th, 22nd and 29th this year), downtown Nevada City is the place to be. The street fair includes art, music, entertainment, antique cars, belly dancers and more. So whether you’re shopping, enjoying a cool beverage, listening to music or watching the fire dancers (click here for more Be on Fire Tribe photos from last year), there’s something for everyone. For a full list of the entertainment, click here. Thanks to the Nevada City Chamber of Commerce for organizing this great, family friendly free event. What’s your favorite summer event? Post a comment and share. And there’s still time to enter the giveaway to the Sierra Stages show of The Producers, winner will be announced on Wednesday, July 22nd.
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15 Easy Slow Cooker Recipes–Under 375 Calories! Just set-it-and-forget-it! So goes the appeal of the slow cooker and it just so happens to be the perfect time of year for it. Slow cooker meals are a great way to enjoy healthier home cooking whil.
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Tropical Life in Hua Hin Condos
Hua Hin Realestate | Hua Hin real estate and land
When you plan to stay in Thailand for more than one week, it is a better idea to stay in Hua Hin condos than the hotels on this island. The major reason for this is because the price of Hua Hin condos is a lot cheaper. The downside to staying in Hua Hin condos is that there aren't usually very many amenities. It is more like your own private apartment instead. If you are planning a longer stay to this tropical resort island, then you should consider these points when looking for Hua Hin condos.
The Variety in a Hua Hin Condo
There is a lot you can choose from when it comes to Hua Hin condos. The kind of place you stay in depends on a lot of things. If you are planning on staying for only a month or two, you can stand up place that isn't fully up to par with your standards. If you want an even longer stay, then the options are more important. Try to choose a condo that is located in an area of this majestic village town that you will be spending most of your time in. If swimming and surfing are important to you, there are a lot of great Hua Hin condos on the beach. Make sure that you get Hua Hin condos that reflect all of your needs.
A Hua Hin Condo for Every Price
It is amazing how many Hua Hin condos there are in this town. The prices for these range from very cheap to very expensive. Even people with a fairly low income can afford some of the Hua Hin condos that are currently available. Make sure to weigh the fact that you'll likely be doing a lot of recreational activities when you are in Thailand before choosing the condo that's right for you. This could drastically affect how much you can afford in rent.
By planning ahead, knowing what you need, and having a well prepared budget, you should be able to find the perfect place to stay among the many Hua Hin condos that Thailand has to offer. This will make your stay in this luxurious and tropical island a lot more manageable and exciting.
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How Did Cracker Jack Become Synonymous with Baseball?
Cracker Jacks and baseball have more history together than Nathan’s hot dogs do with this all-American sport. Nathan’s began with a 1916 hot dog stand on Coney Island by Nathan Handwerker, a Polish immigrant. Yet when Jack Norworth wrote the lyrics to “Take Me Out to the Ball Game” in 1908, he called out Cracker Jack.
The molasses, peanut, and popcorn snack’s firm association with baseball is “undoubtedly the result” of the song, says Tim Wiles, the research director for the Baseball Hall of Fame and coauthor of Baseball’s Greatest Hit: The Story of Take Me Out to the Ball Game, which is still sung during the seventh-inning stretch at most games.
Wiles tried to get inside Norworth’s head in his book, wondering: “Did Norworth work any back room deals with Cracker Jack so as to include them in the song? We don’t know. We do know that Cracker Jack rhymes with ‘never get back’ and for songwriters, it’s all about what rhymes.”
The earliest evidence of Cracker Jack being sold at a ballgame is in 1896, says Wiles. It was shown in an ad on a scorecard for a game hosted by the Atlantic City Base Ball Club against the Cuban Giants. Cracker Jack was first sold at a Major League ballpark in 1907. So it already had a presence at games, and Norworth cemented that by including it in his song.
Wikimedia Commons
The confection was first introduced by F. W. Rueckheim in 1893 at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Three years later, Rueckheim’s brother Louis tweaked the recipe, finding a way to keep the molasses-coated popcorn morsels from sticking together. “He showed it to a salesman who exclaimed, ‘That’s crackerjack!’ and that’s where the name comes from,” says Chris Kuechenmeister, director of public relations for Frito-Lay, which now owns Cracker Jack. (At the time, the term crackerjack was used colloquially to mean “something that is exceptionally fine or splendid” or “a person who is exceptionally skillful or expert,” according to the Oxford English Dictionary.) Prizes were added in 1912, and in 1914, the first baseball-themed prizes appeared: baseball cards in each box.
Coat your popcorn and peanuts with molasses and caramel and then stuff it all into a nifty cone you make yourself. Just roll it up and tuck in a little toy, like the way they did 100 years ago. Get our Cracky Snacks recipe.
2. Honey Mustard Snack Mix
Chowhound
Transform pretzel sticks and bagel chips with a sprinkle of mustard powder and salt, made so much better with a drizzle of honey and butter. Get our Honey Mustard Snack Mix recipe.
3. Cocoa-Cayenne Popcorn Balls
Chowhound
There’s more to this than the title suggests, such as vanilla, orange zest and white vinegar. What?! Yep. You’ll need a candy thermometer too. Get our Cocoa-Cayenne Popcorn Balls recipe.
4. Tangy Ranch Cashews
Chowhound
There are a lot of common ingredients in this recipe, such as garlic powder and paprika. Then there are the citric acid and buttermilk powder. Look for those in the baking aisle of a well-stocked grocery store. Or go online. Get our Tangy Ranch Cashews recipe.
5. Caramel Corn
Chowhound
Make a gooey caramel sauce and the popcorn, then bake it and stir it every 15 minutes to get this treat. There’s a bit of salt in there too, balancing the sweetness. Get our Caramel Corn recipe.
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Adipose Recruitment and Activation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Fuel Metaflammation.
In obese individuals, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is the seat of chronic low-grade inflammation (metaflammation), but the mechanistic link between increased adiposity and metaflammation largely remains unclear. In obese individuals, deregulation of a specific adipokine, chemerin, contributes to innate initiation of metaflammation by recruiting circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) into VAT through chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1). Adipose tissue-derived high-mobility group B1 (HMGB1) protein activates Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in the adipose-recruited pDCs by transporting extracellular DNA through receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and induces production of type I interferons (IFNs). Type I IFNs in turn help in proinflammatory polarization of adipose-resident macrophages. IFN signature gene expression in VAT correlates with both adipose tissue and systemic insulin resistance (IR) in obese individuals, which is represented by ADIPO-IR and HOMA2-IR, respectively, and defines two subgroups with different susceptibility to IR. Thus, this study reveals a pathway that drives adipose tissue inflammation and consequent IR in obesity.
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email updates!
Man O War Golf Club
Like the famous racehorse that shares the course's name, Man O' War Golf Club is legendary, one of the best, and a ride you will never forget. Built in 1996 around a placid and pristine 80-acre lake that encompasses most of the course, watching out for the water is the best tip to a dry and drama-free round at Man O' War. This Dan Maples design takes full advantage of the natural lake to create a series of water hazards to put the lowest handicappers' games to a true test of skill.
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Now Commenting On:
Punto could be headed back to DL
Punto could be headed back to DL
CINCINNATI -- Nick Punto was not scheduled to travel with the Cardinals to New York following a 3-1 loss on Sunday, as the team sought another medical opinion on the utility infielder.
Citing an anonymous source, the St. Louis Post Dispatch reported Sunday morning that Punto would return to the disabled list following Saturday night's game, when he sailed a throw over Albert Pujols' head in the eighth inning. Punto, who suffered ligament damage when he strained his right forearm in late May, said he had not been informed of any decision prior to Sunday's game, and the team had yet to make an announcement.
Punto appeared as a pinch-hitter on Sunday, singling in the eighth inning. He did not remain in the game to play the field.
"He's been seeing a doctor," manager Tony La Russa said before the game, "but I think [he needs] more of an exam, so we can get the most current information, make a decision."
Punto returned from the DL on June 27, but in his first 11 games back he had only played second base. Before Saturday's game, Punto told La Russa that he could play on the left side of the infield, if needed.
La Russa brought him in as a defensive replacement for third baseman David Freese, and his only throw resulted in a two-base error. Signed in the offseason for his defense, Punto has given the Cardinals' offense a boost, hitting .275 in 91 at-bats.
"It's just the breaks that happen, but I feel bad for him," La Russa said. "Of course, he's got a career ahead of him, but we've got to keep going."
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Given the campaign had already delivered such a cathartic moment on Wednesday, when the brain-dead belligerence of a tabloid newspaper prompted Bill Shorten to go for broke and express his vulnerability, the final leaders’ debate was always going to feel anticlimactic.
The spectre of what had occurred earlier in the day trailed the two leaders into the event at the National Press Club. Both were noticeably restrained. Shorten was drained of exuberance. Morrison, who can be punchy, was slightly on egg shells rather than encroaching on his opponent, which has been his style during their campaign head-to-heads.
It was a peculiar atmosphere. Two men who, if truth be told, are now heartily sick of the sight of one another, gathered in Canberra to try and hit their talking points, understanding this last debate might actually have an audience. Yet they were strangely solicitous of one another as well, as it something might break if it got stretched too far.
Punches were thrown, because there was a job to do, and the partisan entourages had gathered at the press club for an hour’s gratification, but none of them had any particular sting. The net effect of all this was an atmosphere of solemnity – and the debate was a draw.
There were some interesting moments. Morrison, who has been escalating his presidential pitch, minimising his own organisation, barely referencing his mostly invisible colleagues, was asked how he would keep the Liberal party’s restive conservative faction in check if he won the weekend after next.
It was a question about the lessons he might have learned from the current dispiriting era, from the cycle of bloodletting that resulted in his elevation to the top job. “I will lead, as I always have, from the middle,” Morrison said, suddenly summoning a whole government back into view – a collegiate concept that has been absent since the proroguing of a parliament that nobody will mourn in April.
The ghost of government past lingered when Morrison, on the hop, was forced to promise he would keep the current environment minister, Melissa Price, in her portfolio, despite her being such an abject disaster she’s been in hiding through much of the campaign.
There, in those brief moments, reality pierced the strange boys’ own adventure of political campaigning; the state of being where the political leader is both in the fray and suspended above it, moving frenetically, yet free from the burdens of governing that now crush incumbents.
Morrison’s reveries were a breadcrumb trail leading us to those same problems, waiting, unresolved, in the event the voters give the Coalition three more years. Perhaps it was the sense of shared melancholy the two carried into the room that brought that all back into view.
Shorten looked tranquil, as he has for much of the campaign. He assumed an equality of status with Morrison in this last encounter, either lacking the energy to fight for it, or perhaps imagining he was now at the point of the contest where he had proven his mettle sufficiently not to need a ritualised display of dominance.
The most notable thing about Wednesday night was the Labor leader wasn’t seeking approval.
Throughout this contest, Shorten has visualised a path to victory that has involved him trying to communicate both who he is, and what he will do with power.
He has streamlined and pared back his communications and leaned into the risks he wants to take, both with the agenda and with the way he wants to present leadership. Rather than imagining a leader Australians want to see, and trying to project that product, Shorten has elected to be himself, and put his faith in the institution he leads to bring this contest home.
The courage of being himself is the last bridge Shorten will cross in this period of leadership, because whatever happens, this era, when he learned to lead, is coming to an end.
Shorten’s basic intuition is simple: self acceptance is the natural pre-condition of community acceptance. In 10 days’ time, we’ll see if his political instincts have served Labor’s cause.
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C-Track E-Filing
Nevada
Appellate Courts
Appellate Case Management System
C-Track, the browser based CMS for Appellate Courts
Case Search
Participant Search
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Human cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin not only neutralizes HCMV infectivity, but also inhibits HCMV-induced intracellular NF-kappaB, Sp1, and PI3-K signaling pathways.
Inhibition of virus-induced intracellular signaling pathways and viral infectivity are our ultimate goals in the development of effective antiviral agents to control human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections. The HCMV hyperimmune globulin may meet such criteria. In a human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblast culture model, pretreatment of Towne strain HCMV with HCMV hyperimmune globulin was shown to inhibit viral infectivity successfully, as measured by a standard plaque assay. The extracellular viral titers and extracellular viral DNA, as measured by plaque assay and PCR, respectively, were also decreased. In addition, the HCMV hyperimmune globulin prevented HCMV from inducing the intracellular activation of NF-kappaB, Sp-1, and PI3-K signaling pathways. The PI3-K pathway was examined by following phosphorylation (activation) of two of its downstream kinases, Akt and p70S6K. HCMV hyperimmune globulin also prevented the production of immediate early, early, and late viral proteins. These studies show that HCMV hyperimmune globulin neutralization of HCMV prevents the earliest known events observed after viral envelope glycoproteins bind their cell membrane receptors, i.e., NF-kappaB, Sp-1 and PI3-K activation. This suggests that HCMV hyperimmune globulin not only can inhibit viral infectivity, but can also prevent the abnormal cellular signaling that may induce unwanted cellular proliferation or cytokine synthesis.
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Q:
How do I set an Ember.js select view's value when using objects for options?
I'm having some trouble figuring out how to get Ember's select view to update the dom when using objects instead of strings. This example behaves how I would expect:
http://jsfiddle.net/XZ9b7/
Using only an array of strings for values, setting the bound property's value to a new value by clicking the buttons will automatically update the dom and set the dropdown to the same value.
When using objects in this example however:
http://jsfiddle.net/pRBKt/
I tried setting the bound property's value to the id, value, and a copy of the option object itself, and I can't get it to affect the select view.
I just need a way to set the value of a select view when using objects for options
A:
I've added an other button in your fiddle:
<div><button onclick="App.someObject.set('letterSelection', App.someOptions.objectAt(0));">real a</button></div>
http://jsfiddle.net/Sly7/BYjk6/#base
I think you have to use the same object, but not a copy. So in your case you have to pick up the object from the array bound to the Ember.Select's content property.
EDIT: jsfiddle using #each and {{action}}. I think it cleans up the template and the code.
http://jsfiddle.net/Sly7/sCr8T/
<script type="text/x-handlebars">
{{view Ember.Select
contentBinding="App.someOptions"
selectionBinding="App.someObject.letterSelection"
optionLabelPath="content.val"
optionValuePath="content.id"
}}
{{App.someObject.letterSelection.val}}
{{#each option in App.someOptions}}
<div>
<button {{action "updateSelection" target="App.someObject" context="option"}}>{{option.val}}</button>
</div>
{{/each}}
</script>
JavaScript:
window.App = Ember.Application.create();
App.someObject= Ember.Object.create({
title: "Some Title",
letterSelection: null,
updateSelection: function(event){
var newSelection = event.context;
this.set('letterSelection', newSelection);
}
});
App.someOptions = [
{'id':'id_a','val':'a'},
{'id':'id_b','val':'b'},
{'id':'id_c','val':'c'},
{'id':'id_d','val':'d'}
];
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Our Services
Graduate School Search
The Office of Career Services is available to assist Ithaca College students and alumni with graduate school decisions. Our Peer Career Advisors are here to help you during drop-in hours or you may call the office to arrange an appointment with a career counselor.
Five Important Steps
Look at resources in our Career Library. We have publications such as the Peterson's Guide, Graduate Admissions Essays and Getting Into Grad School.
Attend our annual Graduate School Fair in the Fall. This event provides you the opportunity to talk with representatives from a variety of graduate programs.
Take a free practice GRE, LSAT, MCAT or GMAT during the Kaplan Practice Test . Stop by Career Services for more information and to sign up.
Apply for a Kaplan Scholarship for a free Kaplan Prep course. Complete the form, email it to careers@ithaca.edu or mail it to Career Services, 101 Muller Center. You can also pick up the application at our office.
Have your graduate school essays critiqued by our staff.
Library Resources
We have numerous resources in our Career Library to help you search for a graduate program and to assist you in developing your materials. We also have a take away guide that you can pick up at our office or access by clicking on the Featured Document Grad School Search Quick Guide.
On-Line Resources
There are many excellent online resources available for free to assist in your graduate school search.
Association of American Medical Colleges- information on the MCAT, applying to and financing med school, etc. *The MCAT is changing as of January 2015! Make sure you know which version of the test you register for*
What are Entrance exams? Many graduate school programs require entrance exams, such as the GRE, GMAT, MCAT, or LSAT. The GRE, GMAT and MCAT are computer-based tests that are offered throughout the year. The LSAT is a paper-based exam offered four times a year. Read the Graduate Entrance Exams At-A-Glance handout for more information about each type of test.
Am I required to take these exams? It depends. If applying to Law School or Medical School, the LSAT and MCAT are required as part of the applications. For other programs, it varies. Make sure you thoroughly research the graduate programs you are applying to and check if General GRE, GRE Subject, and/or GMAT scores are required. Not every program will ask for a test score.
What is the GRE Subject Test? Since the General GRE test measures critical thinking and logical reasoning skills but not subject-specific content, the GRE subject test is a way to measure your knowledge of a particular subject area. A small number of programs require the GRE subject test. Ask the programs you are applying to if a GRE Subject Test is necessary for your application. GRE Subject Tests are paper-based and offered on specific dates during the year. Visit ets.org for more information on how to register and when and where to take the Subject Tests.
Where and when is the GRE General Test offered? GRE General tests are administered at ETS testing centers. From Ithaca, the closest GRE testing locations are Vestal, NY, Syracuse, NY, and Rochester, NY. Visit ets.org to find a test center, view available test dates, and register for a test.
When should I take the GRE and/or GMAT? If applying for fall admission into your graduate program, most application deadlines are anywhere from January to April. Therefore, most students typically take the GRE or GMAT exams in the fall semester of their senior year.
When should I take the LSAT or MCAT? The timeline for applications to these programs are different from other graduate timelines. Typically, Law School applicants take the LSAT in October or June, and Medical School applicants take the MCAT in the summer months.
How do I study or prepare for these exams? There are a wide variety of study materials to help you prepare. Ithaca College works with Kaplan Test Prep Services to offer practice tests, classes, and discounts to IC students. Some resources include online classes, books and CDs, private tutors and study groups.
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Crazy ass bootleg from Joke Inc, check it out for yourself.
Here’s a hard-hitting bootleg from Joker Inc to "Mutate" by Sidney Samson & Lil Jon… Using elements from Hardwell’s upcoming bomb "Spaceman" (out Jan. 23rd), this is sure to have the crowd in a frenzy! Check it out!!!!!
DOWNLOAD HERE
***All references to music (video) are presented only for listening for fact-finding purposes and are not located on our server. All files reside on foreign servers to which site lifestylesdefined.com is not liable. Our site is the only site on which users spread references to these files that are publicly available. After listening you must delete the downloaded file and obtain a legal copy.
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Batak languages
__FORCETOC__
The Batak languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken by the Batak people in the Indonesian province of North Sumatra and surrounding areas.
Internal classification
The Batak languages can be divided into two main branches, Northern Batak and Southern Batak. Simalungun was long considered an intermediary, but in current classifications it is recognized as part of the Southern branch. Within Northern Batak, a study noted 76% cognate words between Karo and Alas, 81% with Pakpak, 80% with Simalungun, and 30% with Malay (Indonesian). Karo and Toba Batak are mutually unintelligible.
Mandailing and Angkola are closer related to each other than to Toba. The geographical influences on the Batak languages can be seen in the map to the right; Lake Toba separates the Karo from direct contact with the Toba.
Proto-Batak
The Batak languages can be shown to descend from a hypothetical common ancestor, Proto-Batak (which in turn originates from Proto-Austronesian). The sound system of Proto-Batak was reconstructed by Adelaar (1981).
Final diphthongs: *-uy, *ey, *ow.
The Proto-Batak sounds underwent the following changes in the individual daughter languages:
Proto-Batak *k became h in initial and medial position in the Southern Batak languages:
Proto-Batak *kalak > Toba, Simalungun halak; Karo kalak 'person'
Proto-Batak *dukut > Toba, Simalungun duhut; Karo dukut 'grass'
Proto-Batak *h was lost in Toba, Angkola and Mandailing:
Proto-Batak *pərəh > Toba poro, Simalungun poroh, Karo pereh /pərəh/ 'wring out'
Proto-Batak final voiced stops *b, *d, and *g are retained only in Simalungun. In Toba, Angkola and Mandailing, they are unvoiced, while in the Northern Batak languages, they changed to homorganic nasals (/m/, /n/, /ŋ/):
Proto-Batak *dələg > Simalungun dolog, Toba dolok, Karo deleng /dələŋ/ 'mountain'.
The central vowel *ə is retained in the Northern languages, and shifted to /o/ in the Southern languages:
Proto-Batak *ənəm > Karo enem (/ənəm/), Toba onom 'six'
Proto-Batak diphthongs are only retained in Simalungun, but shifted to monophthongs in all other Batak languages:
Proto-Batak *apuy > Simalungun apuy; all other languages api 'fire'
Proto-Batak *matey > Simalungun matei; all other languages mate 'dead'
Proto-Batak *pulow > Simalungun pulou; all other languages pulo 'island'
Writing system
Historically, the Batak languages were written using the Batak script, but the Latin script is now used for most writing.
References
External links
http://unicode-table.com/en/sections/batak/
Batak languages at Ethnologue (22th ed., 2019).
Category:Languages of Indonesia
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Q:
Proof of Fourier series Theorem (k-continuous derivatives)
Here's the theorem:
Theorem: If $f$ is periodic with Fourier coefficients $a_n,b_n$ and if the series $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty (|n^{k}a_n|+|n^{k}b_n|)$$ converges for some integer $k \geq 1$, then f has continuous derivatives $f',...,f^{(k)}$ whose Fourier series are differentiated series of $f$. $\blacksquare$
So we know that $f(x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_ncos(nx)+b_nsin(nx)$ on the interval $[-\pi,\pi]$. What needs to be done next is proving that the derivative of our series $f$ converges uniformly on our interval. I know how to prove the inequality
$$\sum_{n=1}^\infty [a_n(cos(nx))^{(h)}+b_n(sin(nx))^{(h)}] \leq \sum_{n=1}^\infty (|n^{h}a_n|+|n^{h}b_n|) \leq \sum_{n=1}^\infty (|n^{k}a_n|+|n^{k}b_n|)$$
for all $ h \in [1,k]$ via the Weierstrass M-Test. Using induction, is it sufficient to show $f'$ is uniformly convergent and work my way up from there to the $f^{(k)}$ case, where assume the convergence of the $(k-1)^{th}$ derivative of our series to be equal to $f^{(k-1)}$? Will that ultimately show that $$f^{(k)}(x)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty [a_n(cos(nx))^{(k)}+b_n(sin(nx))^{(k)}]?$$
If this is the case (which I'm almost positive it is based on the way uniform convergence is defined), then here is my attempt at a proof of this. If anyone could tell me if I did this even remotely correctly, I would quite grateful!
Attempted proof: Consider $$f(x)=a_0 + \sum_{n=1}^\infty [a_ncos(nx)+b_nsin(nx)]$$ which is $2\pi$-periodic. Differentiating $f$, we obtain
$$f'(x) \sim \frac{d}{dx}(\sum_{n=1}^\infty [a_ncos(nx)+b_nsin(nx)]).$$
Recalling that $a_n=\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)cos(nx)dx$ and $b_n=\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)sin(nx)dx$, it using integration by parts that
$$a_n'=\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f'(x)cos(nx)dx=nb_n$$ and $$b_n'=\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f'(x)sin(nx)dx=-na_n$$
$$\implies f'(x) \sim \frac{d}{dx}(\sum_{n=1}^\infty [a_ncos(nx)+b_nsin(nx)])$$
$$=\sum_{n=1}^\infty [-na_nsin(nx)+nb_ncos(nx)]$$
$$\equiv \sum_{n=1}^\infty [a_n\frac{d}{dx}(cos(nx))+b_n\frac{d}{dx}(sin(nx))].$$
Let's show that $\sum_{n=1}^\infty [-na_nsin(nx)+nb_ncos(nx)]$ is uniformly convergent on $[-\pi,\pi]$, which will show that that our differentiated Fourier series converges to $f'$ on $[-\pi,\pi]$. Recall that $|cos(x)| \leq 1$ which extends to $|cos(nx)| \leq 1$ and $|sin(x)| \leq 1$ which extends to $|sin(nx)| \leq 1$. Thus,
$$\sum_{n=1}^\infty [-na_nsin(nx)+nb_ncos(nx)]$$
$$\leq |\sum_{n=1}^\infty [-na_nsin(nx)+nb_ncos(nx)]|$$
$$\leq \sum_{n=1}^\infty |-na_nsin(nx)+nb_ncos(nx)|$$
$$\leq \sum_{n=1}^\infty [|-na_nsin(nx)|+|nb_ncos(nx)|]$$
$$\leq \sum_{n=1}^\infty (|na_n|+|nb_n|)$$
$$ \equiv \sum_{n=0}^\infty (|n^1a_n|+|n^1b_n|)]$$
so we see our series is uniformly convergent on $[-\pi,\pi]$ by the Weierstrass M-Test, which implies that $f'$ represents our series on $[-\pi,\pi]$ and we have proved the case of $k=1$.
Now suppose
$$f^{(k-1)}(x)=\frac{d^{(k-1)}}{dx^{(k-1)}}(\sum_{n=1}^\infty [a_ncos(nx)+b_nsin(nx)])$$
$$\equiv \sum_{n=1}^\infty [a_n\frac{d^{(k-1)}}{dx^{(k-1)}}(cos(nx))+b_n\frac{d^{(k-1)}}{dx^{(k-1)}}(sin(nx))]$$
on the interval $[-\pi,\pi]$. We have currently have, since we don't know if the k-th derivative of $f$'s Fourier series converges to $f^{(k)}$,
$$f^{(k)} \sim \sum_{n=1}^\infty [a_n\frac{d^{(k)}}{dx^{(k)}}(cos(nx))+b_n\frac{d^{(k)}}{dx^{(k)}}(sin(nx))].$$
This part of the proof is actually proven in an older post on stackexchange, which I link here:
"Proving that $\sum_{n=1}^\infty{[a_ncos(nx)]^{(m)}+[b_nsin(nx)]^{(m)}} \leq \sum_{n=1}^\infty{(|a_nn^m| + |b_nn^m|)}$"
It follows, finally, that $$f^{(k)}=\sum_{n=1}^\infty [a_n\frac{d^{(k)}}{dx^{(k)}}(cos(nx))+b_n\frac{d^{(k)}}{dx^{(k)}}(sin(nx))]$$
on the interval $[-\pi,\pi]$, so by the Principle of Mathematical Induction, we see that $f$ has $k$-continuous derivatives given the conditions imposed.
$$\blacksquare$$
A:
The proof is correct but so wordy... How about this:
There is a standard theorem in real analysis: if $\sum f_n'$ converges uniformly on some interval $I$ and $\sum f_n$ converges at some point of $I$, then $\sum f_n$ converges uniformly on $I$, its sum $f$ is differentiable, and $f'=\sum f_n'$.
The hypotheses in 1 apply to $f_n(x)=a_n\cos nx+b_n\sin nx$, because of the estimate
$$|f_n'(x)| = |-n a_n \sin nx + nb_n\cos nx| \le
| n a_n \sin nx| + |nb_n\cos nx|
\\ \le |n a_n|+|n b_n|$$
and the Weierstrass M-test.
The case $k=1$ has been proved. The general case follows by induction.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Spartacus To Return To The Big Screen
You know that famous scene that everyone knows when the Romans come looking for Spartacus and everyone stands up and says “I’m Spartacus!”? Well that’s what it’s increasingly feeling like with film and TV versions of the material.
We’ve already had the multi-Oscar winning 1960 film where the iconic line comes from, a TV movie in 2004 with Goran Visnijc in the lead role and most recently the T&A bloodbath that was theSpartacus TV series and the spin off Gods Of The Arena.
Given that the recent series bears a resemblance to a serialised 300, it’s not really a massive surprise to learn that 300 co-writer Michael B Gordon has pitched his own version of the tale to GK Films which will apparently stick more closely to its historical roots. The familiar basics will still be in place though with Sparts leading a slave revolt against the Romans between 73 and 71 BC only to be eventually put down by the Roman General Marcus Licinius Crassus.
There’s a lot to live up to – Kubrick’s 1960 original remains the definitive work although Blood And Sand has proven that it can be taken in a different (bloodier) direction. More details as they come in.
|
{
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Standardized error severity score (ESS) ratings to quantify risk associated with child restraint system (CRS) and booster seat misuse.
Although numerous research studies have reported high levels of error and misuse of child restraint systems (CRS) and booster seats in experimental and real-world scenarios, conclusions are limited because they provide little information regarding which installation issues pose the highest risk and thus should be targeted for change. Beneficial to legislating bodies and researchers alike would be a standardized, globally relevant assessment of the potential injury risk associated with more common forms of CRS and booster seat misuse, which could be applied with observed error frequency-for example, in car seat clinics or during prototype user testing-to better identify and characterize the installation issues of greatest risk to safety. A group of 8 leading world experts in CRS and injury biomechanics, who were members of an international child safety project, estimated the potential injury severity associated with common forms of CRS and booster seat misuse. These injury risk error severity score (ESS) ratings were compiled and compared to scores from previous research that had used a similar procedure but with fewer respondents. To illustrate their application, and as part of a larger study examining CRS and booster seat labeling requirements, the new standardized ESS ratings were applied to objective installation performance data from 26 adult participants who installed a convertible (rear- vs. forward-facing) CRS and booster seat in a vehicle, and a child test dummy in the CRS and booster seat, using labels that only just met minimal regulatory requirements. The outcome measure, the risk priority number (RPN), represented the composite scores of injury risk and observed installation error frequency. Variability within the sample of ESS ratings in the present study was smaller than that generated in previous studies, indicating better agreement among experts on what constituted injury risk. Application of the new standardized ESS ratings to installation performance data revealed several areas of misuse of the CRS/booster seat associated with high potential injury risk. Collectively, findings indicate that standardized ESS ratings are useful for estimating injury risk potential associated with real-world CRS and booster seat installation errors.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
With OOP, I would not object against a dependency between classes Invoice and Customer. In particular, adjusting a customer's balance on assigning an invoice to him is absolutely natural. Setting the invoice's state to "issued" in the same action flags it so assignment cannot be done twice - this action should be considered atomic/transactional. Also, I would not be surprised about an altered balance. This is simply OO design, so if I where clueless this means that I did not fully understand the design. Usually, a class is designed to support not only one use case but several - in contrast to methods (and functions).
At this point, your FP-inexperienced reader has not adapted her mindset to FP, so you still need to convince her. In the sequel, she will feel pain in refactoring the example. The number of classes increases. As a programmer, she needs to care of many more things because the OO principle of encapsulation or information hiding is broken. And all this only to adhere to some obscure FP principles! I think you should do much more to convince her of the usefulness of these principles.
Why make copies of a customer? Just to have them immutable? Of course, yes, but the OO mindset would be reluctant to follow you. Feeling pain to leave the way you're accustomed to is not a good condition to develop openness to different ways of thinking.
I'm not sure if your refactoring of objects towards FP structures is really that easy to follow. At least I think the example is inappropriate because the classes you chose are in practice subject to persistence. In contrast, in FP the data is transformed from one generation into the next. So what's the point in having several generations of one customer?
I don't want to say that FP cannot deal with persistence. However, in my mind a customer remains the same independently of his actual balance. You'd better have descriptions of real entities. Then you may argue that if a description changes then actually you've got a new version of the description.
To make the point: In OOP, you use data to represent entities, in FP you're dealing with data which describes them.
Probably using something people don't associate persistence with would do the job much better. What about processing messages?
I'm a newbie to FP, the line that caught my eye was,
"Feeling pain to leave the way you're accustomed to is not a good condition to develop openness to different ways of thinking."
To me, I would what to know, What are the practical reasons for me to spend time learning FP,
i.e., what can FP do that OO can't??
I need to decide, is this FP stuff worth my time, are there programs that would fall on their face if written in OO, versus FP? What kind of programs are they?
If you don't answer this as soon as possible, the book will get put aside for a long time.
But I like the style of writing.
OK, let's go through the example, starting from an OO perspective. We have a customer with a balance, and an invoice with an amount of money to be issued. An invoice does not come into life by itself but expresses that the customer owes you the money for some reason at some point in time. The balance of the customer expresses the total of the money he owes you minus the money you owe him, again at that point in time. The invoice contributes to the balance as long as it has the state "issued" and not, e.g. "paid" or "revoked". Anyway, an invoice without a customer does not make sense.
If you add the invoice to the customer's collection of invoices, you can access it via this collection. So the reference to the customer is implicitly given by the context. Otherwise, you'd need an explicit reference to the customer as part of the invoice.
Issuing an invoice can be perfectly modeled by making it a transaction which a) sets the state of the invoice to "issued" and b) adjusts the balance of the customer accordingly.
Now, you might argue that the balance as a field introduces redundancy into this model since, at any point in time, you could sum up the customer's invoices having status "issued" and subtract all what you're owing him at this moment. In OOP, this is would not be a transparent decision:
You might hide the way you get the customer's balance by means of a getBalance() method which is implemented either by reading the balance field or else by calculating the value dynamically. Nethertheless, when issuing the invoice, in the first case you needed to update the balance field while in the second no action was required. Similarly, when changing the status, in the first case you'd need to adjust the balance again.
Both options are legitimate, and usually, you would base your decision on some non-functional criteria. E.g. it might be too costly to retrieve all the customer's invoices with state "issued" plus the amount you owe him at a certain point in time. In this case, it would be more practical use a balance field in the customer object. Your gain in performance then is to be weighted against the expenses for maintaining redundancy, the risk of failure to do so, and so on.
Having these observations in place, I'd like to see how an FP approach could influence that decision. Does it bring advantages?
Anyway, from the domain view issuing an invoice has an intended side effect: It increases the customer's balance in favor of me, the issuer. This is independent of any programming language. After having issued the invoice I want the customer's balance to reflect this fact. Actually, the invoice is something which documents the "side effect", so this side effect is just the reason why I would issue an invoice - the side effect is the desired essential, not the invoice being issued (which comes more or less close to a log entry). Why then construct a function which avoids it? Moving the responsibility to the caller urges him to execute both actions explicitly: He's left now with two responsibilities.
Then, we come close to a question posed in one of the later exercises: If an invoice is similar to a logging entry, is issuing it still essential?
As the example evolves, we see a customer object in its initial state and then a different customer object which is altered after creation although its said to be immutable (its balance is set to the new amount - page 42, step 2). So what is the point with having these two customer objects which describe the same real entity with two different states? Which one of the two objects am I interested in?
I hope you see that I don't argue at all against FP. Instead I'm arguing against an example which creates confusion instead of clearifying ideas. Playing an advocatus diaboli, I do this from an OOP point of view. No idea what FP is good for, so please convince me
The weakness of the customer/invoice example becomes evident when suddenly another example falls from heaven - the shopping cart example. I really would prefer having an example which is appropriate to demonstrate all the principles equally and why they are advantageous. In the example, first I'd like to see a clear description of the realitiy it is modelling and which problem the code is intended to solve, second I'd like to see high quality OO code if OOP is to be a starting point. And then I'd like to see why an FP approach solves the problem more adequately as the OO approach.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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|
s the o'th term of 52, 138, 316, 586, 948, 1402, 1948?
46*o**2 - 52*o + 58
What is the v'th term of 1339, 1507, 1675, 1843, 2011?
168*v + 1171
What is the h'th term of 9036, 17781, 26526, 35271?
8745*h + 291
What is the q'th term of 866, 1726, 2586, 3446, 4306, 5166?
860*q + 6
What is the q'th term of 966, 2000, 3108, 4290, 5546?
37*q**2 + 923*q + 6
What is the m'th term of 755277, 755273, 755261, 755235, 755189, 755117?
-m**3 + 2*m**2 - 3*m + 755279
What is the w'th term of 1479, 5877, 13215, 23499, 36735, 52929, 72087, 94215?
w**3 + 1464*w**2 - w + 15
What is the t'th term of 963, 896, 829, 762, 695?
-67*t + 1030
What is the u'th term of 52, 478, 1636, 3892, 7612?
61*u**3 - u - 8
What is the a'th term of 141, 280, 425, 570, 709?
-a**3 + 9*a**2 + 119*a + 14
What is the p'th term of -60, -72, -86, -102, -120, -140, -162?
-p**2 - 9*p - 50
What is the u'th term of -132, -319, -590, -987, -1552, -2327, -3354?
-7*u**3 - 138*u + 13
What is the p'th term of -34750, -69498, -104246?
-34748*p - 2
What is the j'th term of -850, -3354, -7522, -13354, -20850, -30010, -40834?
-832*j**2 - 8*j - 10
What is the g'th term of -105, -414, -937, -1686, -2673, -3910?
-2*g**3 - 95*g**2 - 10*g + 2
What is the p'th term of -4257, -4220, -4171, -4104, -4013, -3892?
p**3 + 30*p - 4288
What is the o'th term of -58329, -58354, -58379, -58404?
-25*o - 58304
What is the p'th term of 483292, 966590, 1449900, 1933228, 2416580, 2899962, 3383380, 3866840?
p**3 + 483291*p
What is the x'th term of -27236, -27237, -27238, -27239, -27240?
-x - 27235
What is the a'th term of 63186, 252767, 568736, 1011093, 1579838, 2274971?
63194*a**2 - a - 7
What is the f'th term of 51, 130, 263, 480, 811, 1286, 1935, 2788?
5*f**3 - 3*f**2 + 53*f - 4
What is the a'th term of 39554, 79087, 118596, 158081, 197542?
-12*a**2 + 39569*a - 3
What is the f'th term of 11, 69, 169, 311, 495, 721, 989?
21*f**2 - 5*f - 5
What is the n'th term of -9901, -9881, -9857, -9829, -9797?
2*n**2 + 14*n - 9917
What is the k'th term of -4354, -4343, -4312, -4249, -4142, -3979, -3748, -3437?
2*k**3 - 2*k**2 + 3*k - 4357
What is the k'th term of -80279, -80279, -80277, -80273, -80267, -80259?
k**2 - 3*k - 80277
What is the w'th term of 1160, 4647, 10402, 18377, 28524, 40795, 55142?
-8*w**3 + 1182*w**2 - 3*w - 11
What is the w'th term of 229213, 229211, 229207, 229201, 229193?
-w**2 + w + 229213
What is the t'th term of -375, -353, -315, -261?
8*t**2 - 2*t - 381
What is the n'th term of -192, -214, -226, -222, -196?
n**3 - n**2 - 26*n - 166
What is the k'th term of 6150629, 6150630, 6150631, 6150632?
k + 6150628
What is the g'th term of 1459, 2987, 4515?
1528*g - 69
What is the d'th term of 10930, 21886, 32842, 43798, 54754?
10956*d - 26
What is the j'th term of -153, -726, -1689, -3048, -4809?
-j**3 - 189*j**2 + j + 36
What is the l'th term of -2178, -4392, -6584, -8742, -10854?
2*l**3 - l**2 - 2225*l + 46
What is the y'th term of 70649, 70652, 70655, 70658, 70661?
3*y + 70646
What is the z'th term of 5700, 45608, 153914, 364812, 712496?
5699*z**3 + 5*z**2 - 4
What is the n'th term of 260588, 260597, 260618, 260657, 260720, 260813?
n**3 + 2*n + 260585
What is the h'th term of 21634, 43270, 64906, 86542, 108178?
21636*h - 2
What is the p'th term of -7675, -7433, -7029, -6463, -5735?
81*p**2 - p - 7755
What is the z'th term of 994787, 994789, 994793, 994799?
z**2 - z + 994787
What is the j'th term of 1208969, 1208970, 1208971, 1208972, 1208973?
j + 1208968
What is the g'th term of 30379, 60755, 91131, 121507, 151883?
30376*g + 3
What is the q'th term of 1444, 4755, 13744, 31249, 60108, 103159, 163240, 243189?
473*q**3 + q**2 - 3*q + 973
What is the n'th term of 1279, 1159, 955, 661, 271, -221?
-n**3 - 36*n**2 - 5*n + 1321
What is the y'th term of 1643, 3290, 4937, 6584?
1647*y - 4
What is the z'th term of -2137, -4248, -6359, -8470?
-2111*z - 26
What is the w'th term of -46, 23, 162, 407, 794?
6*w**3 - w**2 + 30*w - 81
What is the r'th term of 50481, 100965, 151449, 201933?
50484*r - 3
What is the w'th term of -15, -54, -101, -156?
-4*w**2 - 27*w + 16
What is the n'th term of 441396, 441397, 441398, 441399, 441400?
n + 441395
What is the t'th term of 689321, 1378643, 2067965, 2757287?
689322*t - 1
What is the k'th term of -738, -1303, -1868, -2433?
-565*k - 173
What is the l'th term of -373, -581, -901, -1333, -1877, -2533, -3301?
-56*l**2 - 40*l - 277
What is the v'th term of 562, 538, 492, 412, 286, 102, -152, -488?
-2*v**3 + v**2 - 13*v + 576
What is the q'th term of 41741, 41739, 41737?
-2*q + 41743
What is the q'th term of 2211088, 2211089, 2211090, 2211091, 2211092, 2211093?
q + 2211087
What is the b'th term of 382, 357, 332, 307, 282?
-25*b + 407
What is the z'th term of -31, -263, -659, -1231, -1991, -2951?
-2*z**3 - 70*z**2 - 8*z + 49
What is the m'th term of -403, -437, -507, -625, -803, -1053, -1387, -1817?
-2*m**3 - 6*m**2 - 2*m - 393
What is the w'th term of -1350247, -1350248, -1350249, -1350250, -1350251, -1350252?
-w - 1350246
What is the z'th term of -2504654, -5009310, -7513966, -10018622?
-2504656*z + 2
What is the f'th term of -726542, -726544, -726546, -726548, -726550?
-2*f - 726540
What is the w'th term of -78, -111, -54, 141, 522, 1137?
8*w**3 - 3*w**2 - 80*w - 3
What is the s'th term of 6008, 6011, 6014?
3*s + 6005
What is the f'th term of -2038, -1258, -480, 296, 1070, 1842?
-f**2 + 783*f - 2820
What is the y'th term of -535, -475, -381, -259, -115, 45, 215, 389?
-y**3 + 23*y**2 - 2*y - 555
What is the n'th term of -2304, -3426, -4544, -5658, -6768?
2*n**2 - 1128*n - 1178
What is the r'th term of 170, 405, 646, 893?
3*r**2 + 226*r - 59
What is the c'th term of 242, 1805, 5942, 13907, 26954, 46337, 73310, 109127?
209*c**3 + 33*c**2 + c - 1
What is the j'th term of -400751, -400761, -400771, -400781?
-10*j - 400741
What is the j'th term of 172307, 172310, 172315, 172322, 172331?
j**2 + 172306
What is the t'th term of -14089, -14113, -14137?
-24*t - 14065
What is the i'th term of 156524, 156527, 156530, 156533, 156536?
3*i + 156521
What is the c'th term of -55568, -55570, -55572, -55574, -55576?
-2*c - 55566
What is the n'th term of -2379, -2386, -2393, -2400, -2407, -2414?
-7*n - 2372
What is the t'th term of 4630, 9230, 13786, 18292, 22742, 27130, 31450?
-t**3 - 16*t**2 + 4655*t - 8
What is the a'th term of -4758, -9565, -14370, -19179, -23998, -28833?
-a**3 + 7*a**2 - 4821*a + 57
What is the o'th term of -17, -173, -603, -1445, -2837, -4917, -7823, -11693?
-23*o**3 + o**2 + 2*o + 3
What is the b'th term of 2060, 16285, 54852, 129929, 253684, 438285?
2028*b**3 + 3*b**2 + 20*b + 9
What is the q'th term of -1859, -1841, -1831, -1835, -1859, -1909?
-q**3 + 2*q**2 + 19*q - 1879
What is the f'th term of -119, -158, -155, -110, -23, 106?
21*f**2 - 102*f - 38
What is the v'th term of -13696, -27387, -41078, -54769, -68460?
-13691*v - 5
What is the b'th term of -159, -181, -217, -267, -331, -409?
-7*b**2 - b - 151
What is the p'th term of 267944, 267939, 267932, 267923?
-p**2 - 2*p + 267947
What is the h'th term of -5298, -10291, -15284?
-4993*h - 305
What is the n'th term of 1422, 4045, 7862, 12873, 19078?
597*n**2 + 832*n - 7
What is the c'th term of -981590, -981590, -981588, -981584?
c**2 - 3*c - 981588
What is the v'th term of 81323, 162639, 243953, 325265, 406575, 487883?
-v**2 + 81319*v + 5
What is the r'th term of 1211, 4867, 10961, 19493, 30463?
1219*r**2 - r - 7
What is the b'th term of 3207, 3713, 4555, 5733, 7247?
168*b**2 + 2*b + 3037
What is the i'th term of 1354, 1340, 1326, 1312?
-14*i + 1368
What is the v'th term of 86, 96, 60, -22?
-23*v**2 + 79*v + 30
What is the k'th term of 66464, 66433, 66402, 66371, 66340, 66309?
-31*k + 66495
What is the g'th term of -910, -12, 886?
898*g - 1808
What is the l'th term of -9025, -18068, -27127, -36202, -45293, -54400?
-8*l**2 - 9019*l + 2
What is the n'th term of 66202, 66218, 66244, 66280, 66326, 66382?
5*n**2 + n + 66196
What is the b'th term of 31099, 62239, 93379, 124519?
31140*b - 41
What is the a'th term of 17, -213, -595, -1129, -1815, -2653, -3643?
-76*a**2 - 2*a + 95
What is the p'th term of 127, 221, 319, 421?
2*p**2 + 88*p + 37
What is the a'th term of -395, -691, -975, -1241, -1483, -1695, -1871, -2005?
a**3 - 303*a - 93
What is the m
|
{
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
}
|
Search Results
The Salem witch hunt has entered our vocabulary as the very essence of injustice. Judge Samuel Sewall presided at these trials, passing harsh judgment on the condemned. But five years later, he publicly......
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
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